1
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Weller S, Li X, Petersen LR, Kempen P, Clergeaud G, Andresen TL. Influence of different conjugation methods for activating antibodies on polymeric nanoparticles: Effects for polyclonal expansion of human CD8+ T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111643. [PMID: 38340420 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Particle-based systems have become a state-of-the-art method for in vitro expanding cytotoxic T cells by tailoring their surface with activating molecules. However, commonly used methods utilize facile carbodiimide chemistry leading to uncontrolled orientation of the immobilized antibodies on the particle surface that can lead to poor binding to target cells. To address this, selective coupling strategies utilizing regioselective chemical groups such as disulfide bridges offer a simple approach. In this work we present a set of methods to investigate the effect of polymeric nanoparticles, conjugated with either regioselective- or randomly-immobilized antiCD3 and antiCD28 antibodies, on the activation potential, expansion and expression of activation markers in T cells. We show that nanoparticles with well-oriented monovalent antibodies conjugated via maleimide require fewer ligands on the surface to efficiently expand T cells compared to bivalent antibodies randomly-immobilized via carbodiimide conjugation. Analysis of the T cell expression markers reveal that the T cell phenotype can be fine-tuned by adjusting the surface density of well-oriented antibodies, while randomly immobilized antibodies showed no differences despite their ligand density. Both conjugation techniques induced cytotoxic T cells, evidenced by analyzing their Granzyme B secretion. Furthermore, antibody orientation affects the immunological synapse and T cell activation by changing the calcium influx profile upon activation. Nanoparticles with well-oriented antibodies showed lower calcium influx compared to their bivalent randomly-immobilized counterparts. These results highlight the importance of controlling the antibody density and orientation on the nanoparticle surface via controlled coupling chemistries, helping to develop improved particle-based expansion protocols to enhance T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Weller
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars R Petersen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Klebanoff CA, Chandran SS, Baker BM, Quezada SA, Ribas A. T cell receptor therapeutics: immunological targeting of the intracellular cancer proteome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:996-1017. [PMID: 37891435 PMCID: PMC10947610 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) complex is a naturally occurring antigen sensor that detects, amplifies and coordinates cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from cell surface and intracellular proteins. Thus, TCRs enable the targeting of proteins selectively expressed by cancer cells, including neoantigens, cancer germline antigens and viral oncoproteins. As such, TCRs have provided the basis for an emerging class of oncology therapeutics. Herein, we review the current cancer treatment landscape using TCRs and TCR-like molecules. This includes adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing endogenous or engineered TCRs, TCR bispecific engagers and antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptides (TCR mimics). We discuss the unique complexities associated with the clinical development of these therapeutics, such as HLA restriction, TCR retrieval, potency assessment and the potential for cross-reactivity. In addition, we highlight emerging clinical data that establish the antitumour potential of TCR-based therapies, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, for the treatment of diverse human malignancies. Finally, we explore the future of TCR therapeutics, including emerging genome editing methods to safely enhance potency and strategies to streamline patient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Smita S Chandran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Achilles Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Ferrari A, Berlanga P, Gatz SA, Schoot RA, van Noesel MM, Hovsepyan S, Chiaravalli S, Bergamaschi L, Minard-Colin V, Corradini N, Alaggio R, Gasparini P, Brennan B, Casanova M, Pasquali S, Orbach D. Treatment at Relapse for Synovial Sarcoma of Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: From the State of Art to Future Clinical Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:1183-1196. [PMID: 37920695 PMCID: PMC10618684 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s404371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While the overall prognosis is generally quite satisfactory in children, adolescents and young adults with localised synovial sarcoma at first diagnosis, the outcome remains poor for patients after relapse. Conversely to the front-line standardised treatment options, patients with relapse generally have an individualised approach and to date, there is still a lack of consensus regarding standard treatment approaches. Studies on relapsed synovial sarcoma were able to identify some prognostic variables that influence post-relapse survival, in order to plan risk-adapted salvage protocols. Treatment proposals must consider previous first-line treatments, potential toxicities, and the possibility of achieving an adequate local treatment by new surgery and/or re-irradiation. Effective second-line drug therapies are urgently needed. Notably, experimental treatments such as adoptive engineered TCR-T cell immunotherapy seem promising in adults and are currently under validation also in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Susanne Andrea Gatz
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Reineke A Schoot
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Max M van Noesel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Imaging & Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shushan Hovsepyan
- Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronique Minard-Colin
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadege Corradini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology-IHOPe, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernadette Brennan
- Pediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center(Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
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4
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Blay JY, von Mehren M, Jones RL, Martin-Broto J, Stacchiotti S, Bauer S, Gelderblom H, Orbach D, Hindi N, Dei Tos A, Nathenson M. Synovial sarcoma: characteristics, challenges, and evolving therapeutic strategies. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101618. [PMID: 37625194 PMCID: PMC10470271 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare and aggressive disease that accounts for 5%-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Although it can occur at any age, it typically affects younger adults and children, with a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life. In >95% of cases, the oncogenic driver is a translocation between chromosomes X and 18 that leads to the formation of the SS18::SSX fusion oncogenes. Early and accurate diagnosis is often a challenge; optimal outcomes are achieved by referral to a specialist center for diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team as soon as SS is suspected. Surgery with or without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy can be effective in localized disease, especially in children. However, the prognosis in the advanced stages is poor, with treatment strategies that have relied heavily on traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel effective management strategies for advanced disease. An improved understanding of disease pathology and its molecular basis has paved the way for novel targeted agents and immunotherapies that are being investigated in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology and characteristics of SS in children and adults, as well as the patient journey from diagnosis to treatment. Current and future management strategies, focusing particularly on the potential of immunotherapies to improve clinical outcomes, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Blay
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard & University Claude Bernard Lyon I & UNICANCER Lyon, France.
| | - M von Mehren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - R L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Martin-Broto
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid; Department of Oncology, University Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD; UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Stacchiotti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S Bauer
- Department of Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - N Hindi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid; Department of Oncology, University Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD; UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine and Department of Integrated Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Nathenson
- Oncology Clinical Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GSK, Waltham, USA
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5
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Mody H, Ogasawara K, Zhu X, Miles D, Shastri PN, Gokemeijer J, Liao MZ, Kasichayanula S, Yang TY, Chemuturi N, Gupta S, Jawa V, Upreti VV. Best Practices and Considerations for Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometric Aspects for Optimal Development of CAR-T and TCR-T Cell Therapies: An Industry Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:530-557. [PMID: 37393588 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
With the promise of a potentially "single dose curative" paradigm, CAR-T cell therapies have brought a paradigm shift in the treatment and management of hematological malignancies. Both CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies have also made great progress toward the successful treatment of solid tumor indications. The field is rapidly evolving with recent advancements including the clinical development of "off-the-shelf" allogeneic CAR-T therapies that can overcome the long and difficult "vein-to-vein" wait time seen with autologous CAR-T therapies. There are unique clinical pharmacology, pharmacometric, bioanalytical, and immunogenicity considerations and challenges in the development of these CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies. Hence, to help accelerate the development of these life-saving therapies for the patients with cancer, experts in this field came together under the umbrella of International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) to form a joint working group between the Clinical Pharmacology Leadership Group (CPLG) and the Translational and ADME Sciences Leadership Group (TALG). In this white paper, we present the IQ consortium perspective on the best practices and considerations for clinical pharmacology and pharmacometric aspects toward the optimal development of CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Mody
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ken Ogasawara
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition and Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xu Zhu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale Miles
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jochem Gokemeijer
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Z Liao
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tong-Yuan Yang
- Bioanalytical Discovery and Development Sciences, Janssen R&D, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nagendra Chemuturi
- Clinical Pharmacology, DMPK, Pharmacometrics, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swati Gupta
- Development Biological Sciences, Immunology, AbbVie, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition and Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vijay V Upreti
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling & Simulation, Amgen, South San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Landuzzi L, Manara MC, Pazzaglia L, Lollini PL, Scotlandi K. Innovative Breakthroughs for the Treatment of Advanced and Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3887. [PMID: 37568703 PMCID: PMC10416854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SyS) is a rare aggressive soft tissue sarcoma carrying the chromosomal translocation t(X;18), encoding the fusion transcript SS18::SSX. The fusion oncoprotein interacts with both BAF enhancer complexes and polycomb repressor complexes, resulting in genome-wide epigenetic perturbations and a unique altered genetic signature. Over 80% of the patients are initially diagnosed with localized disease and have a 5-year survival rate of 70-80%, but metastatic relapse occurs in 50% of the cases. Advanced, unresectable, or metastatic disease has a 5-year survival rate below 10%, representing a critical issue. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms behind SyS and illustrates current treatments in front line, second line, and beyond settings. We analyze the use of immune check point inhibitors (ICI) in SyS that do not behave as an ICI-sensitive tumor, claiming the need for predictive genetic signatures and tumor immune microenvironment biomarkers. We highlight the clinical translation of innovative technologies, such as proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein degraders or adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells. Adoptive cell transfer of engineered T-cell receptor cells targeting selected cancer/testis antigens has shown promising results against metastatic SyS in early clinical trials and further improvements are awaited from refinements involving immune cell engineering and tumor immune microenvironment enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.M.); (L.P.)
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7
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Foy SP, Jacoby K, Bota DA, Hunter T, Pan Z, Stawiski E, Ma Y, Lu W, Peng S, Wang CL, Yuen B, Dalmas O, Heeringa K, Sennino B, Conroy A, Bethune MT, Mende I, White W, Kukreja M, Gunturu S, Humphrey E, Hussaini A, An D, Litterman AJ, Quach BB, Ng AHC, Lu Y, Smith C, Campbell KM, Anaya D, Skrdlant L, Huang EYH, Mendoza V, Mathur J, Dengler L, Purandare B, Moot R, Yi MC, Funke R, Sibley A, Stallings-Schmitt T, Oh DY, Chmielowski B, Abedi M, Yuan Y, Sosman JA, Lee SM, Schoenfeld AJ, Baltimore D, Heath JR, Franzusoff A, Ribas A, Rao AV, Mandl SJ. Non-viral precision T cell receptor replacement for personalized cell therapy. Nature 2023; 615:687-696. [PMID: 36356599 PMCID: PMC9768791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) enable T cells to specifically recognize mutations in cancer cells1-3. Here we developed a clinical-grade approach based on CRISPR-Cas9 non-viral precision genome-editing to simultaneously knockout the two endogenous TCR genes TRAC (which encodes TCRα) and TRBC (which encodes TCRβ). We also inserted into the TRAC locus two chains of a neoantigen-specific TCR (neoTCR) isolated from circulating T cells of patients. The neoTCRs were isolated using a personalized library of soluble predicted neoantigen-HLA capture reagents. Sixteen patients with different refractory solid cancers received up to three distinct neoTCR transgenic cell products. Each product expressed a patient-specific neoTCR and was administered in a cell-dose-escalation, first-in-human phase I clinical trial ( NCT03970382 ). One patient had grade 1 cytokine release syndrome and one patient had grade 3 encephalitis. All participants had the expected side effects from the lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Five patients had stable disease and the other eleven had disease progression as the best response on the therapy. neoTCR transgenic T cells were detected in tumour biopsy samples after infusion at frequencies higher than the native TCRs before infusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of isolating and cloning multiple TCRs that recognize mutational neoantigens. Moreover, simultaneous knockout of the endogenous TCR and knock-in of neoTCRs using single-step, non-viral precision genome-editing are achieved. The manufacture of neoTCR engineered T cells at clinical grade, the safety of infusing up to three gene-edited neoTCR T cell products and the ability of the transgenic T cells to traffic to the tumours of patients are also demonstrated.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biopsy
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/adverse effects
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/complications
- Disease Progression
- Encephalitis/complications
- Gene Editing
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/complications
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Patient Safety
- Precision Medicine/adverse effects
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transgenes/genetics
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Zheng Pan
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yan Ma
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Lu
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ines Mende
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Duo An
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yue Lu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chad Smith
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katie M Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roel Funke
- PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Y Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Abedi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sylvia M Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Fuchs JR, Schulte BC, Fuchs JW, Agulnik M. Emerging targeted and cellular therapies in the treatment of advanced and metastatic synovial sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123464. [PMID: 36761952 PMCID: PMC9905840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma accounting for approximately 1,000 cases per year in the United States. Currently, standard treatment of advanced and metastatic synovial sarcoma is anthracycline-based chemotherapy. While advanced synovial sarcoma is more responsive to chemotherapy compared to other soft tissue sarcomas, survival rates are poor, with a median survival time of less than 18 months. Enhanced understanding of tumor antigen expression and molecular mechanisms behind synovial sarcoma provide potential targets for treatment. Adoptive Cell Transfer using engineered T-cell receptors is in clinical trials for treatment of synovial sarcoma, specifically targeting New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), and melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE-A4). In this review, we explore the opportunities and challenges of these treatments. We also describe artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVCs) and BRD9 inhibitors, two additional potential targets for treatment of advanced synovial sarcoma. This review demonstrates the progress that has been made in treatment of synovial sarcoma and highlights the future study and qualification needed to implement these technologies as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian C. Schulte
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Mark Agulnik,
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9
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van Amerongen RA, Tuit S, Wouters AK, van de Meent M, Siekman SL, Meeuwsen MH, Wachsmann TLA, Remst DFG, Hagedoorn RS, van der Steen DM, de Ru AH, Verdegaal EME, van Veelen PA, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. PRAME and CTCFL-reactive TCRs for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121973. [PMID: 37026005 PMCID: PMC10070997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent disease emerges in the majority of patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). Adoptive T-cell therapies with T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered promising solutions for less-immunogenic 'cold' ovarian tumors. In order to treat a broader patient population, more TCRs targeting peptides derived from different TAAs binding in various HLA class I molecules are essential. By performing a differential gene expression analysis using mRNA-seq datasets, PRAME, CTCFL and CLDN6 were selected as strictly tumor-specific TAAs, with high expression in ovarian cancer and at least 20-fold lower expression in all healthy tissues of risk. In primary OVCA patient samples and cell lines we confirmed expression and identified naturally expressed TAA-derived peptides in the HLA class I ligandome. Subsequently, high-avidity T-cell clones recognizing these peptides were isolated from the allo-HLA T-cell repertoire of healthy individuals. Three PRAME TCRs and one CTCFL TCR of the most promising T-cell clones were sequenced, and transferred to CD8+ T cells. The PRAME TCR-T cells demonstrated potent and specific antitumor reactivity in vitro and in vivo. The CTCFL TCR-T cells efficiently recognized primary patient-derived OVCA cells, and OVCA cell lines treated with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC). The identified PRAME and CTCFL TCRs are promising candidates for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer, and are an essential addition to the currently used HLA-A*02:01 restricted PRAME TCRs. Our selection of differentially expressed genes, naturally expressed TAA peptides and potent TCRs can improve and broaden the use of T-cell therapies for patients with ovarian cancer or other PRAME or CTCFL expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sander Tuit
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne K. Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marian van de Meent
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sterre L. Siekman
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Miranda H. Meeuwsen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis F. G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Renate S. Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els M. E. Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk,
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10
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Füchsl F, Krackhardt AM. Paving the Way to Solid Tumors: Challenges and Strategies for Adoptively Transferred Transgenic T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4192. [PMID: 36077730 PMCID: PMC9454442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are important players in the antitumor immune response. Over the past few years, the adoptive transfer of genetically modified, autologous T cells-specifically redirected toward the tumor by expressing either a T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-has been adopted for use in the clinic. At the moment, the therapeutic application of CD19- and, increasingly, BCMA-targeting-engineered CAR-T cells have been approved and have yielded partly impressive results in hematologic malignancies. However, employing transgenic T cells for the treatment of solid tumors remains more troublesome, and numerous hurdles within the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) need to be overcome to achieve tumor control. In this review, we focused on the challenges that these therapies must face on three different levels: infiltrating the tumor, exerting efficient antitumor activity, and overcoming T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. We aimed to discuss different options to pave the way for potent transgenic T cell-mediated tumor rejection by engineering either the TME or the transgenic T cell itself, which responds to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Füchsl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M. Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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11
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Duhen T, Gough MJ, Leidner RS, Stanton SE. Development and therapeutic manipulation of the head and neck cancer tumor environment to improve clinical outcomes. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:902160. [PMID: 35937775 PMCID: PMC9354490 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.902160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to cancer therapies involves the complex interplay between the systemic, tumoral, and stromal immune response as well as the direct impact of treatments on cancer cells. Each individual's immunological and cancer histories are different, and their carcinogen exposures may differ. This means that even though two patients with oral tumors may carry an identical mutation in TP53, they are likely to have different pre-existing immune responses to their tumors. These differences may arise due to their distinct accessory mutations, genetic backgrounds, and may relate to clinical factors including previous chemotherapy exposure and concurrent medical comorbidities. In isolation, their cancer cells may respond similarly to cancer therapy, but due to their baseline variability in pre-existing immune responses, patients can have different responses to identical therapies. In this review we discuss how the immune environment of tumors develops, the critical immune cell populations in advanced cancers, and how immune interventions can manipulate the immune environment of patients with pre-malignancies or advanced cancers to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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12
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Strobel SB, Machiraju D, Hassel JC. TCR-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1215. [PMID: 35267523 PMCID: PMC8909175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is one of the most rapidly progressing tumors, with a bad prognosis and no standard-of-care treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy and improved overall survival in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma (mCM). However, this approach has been largely unimpressive, with no significant impact on the survival of mUM patients. Technical advances in immunotherapies have led to the development of novel T cell receptor (TCR)-based approaches to fight cancer. For the first time in over 50 years, compelling evidence demonstrates the power of TCR-based approaches for survival in mUM patients. Hence, this review summarizes novel TCR-based immunotherapeutic strategies currently in clinical studies for mUM treatment. We also discuss the potential combinational treatments to these strategies to maximize the clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Code, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.B.S.); (D.M.)
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