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Mititelu TS, Mititelu MR, Bucurica S, Costache DO. [18F]-FDG PET-CT in Malignant Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:1192. [PMID: 40428185 PMCID: PMC12109601 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm with a rising global incidence. Accurate staging and risk stratification are essential for guiding therapeutic decisions and improving patient prognosis. [18F]-FDG PET-CT enables the non-invasive assessment of tumor metabolic activity, offering a valuable adjunct to histopathological evaluation. However, the correlation between PET-CT findings and established prognostic markers in MM, such as Breslow thickness, ulceration, and mitotic rate, remains insufficiently explored. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 61 patients diagnosed with MM, of whom 48 met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative and qualitative variables such as SULmax, Breslow thickness, Ki-67 expression, and mitotic rate were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while correlations between PET-CT findings, SLNB, and histopathological characteristics were assessed using Spearman's correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant associations were identified between ulceration and both overall metastases (p = 0.01) and pulmonary metastases (p = 0.02). Breslow thickness showed a positive correlation with metastatic spread (p = 0.01), reinforcing its role as a key prognostic indicator. Perineural and vascular invasion were significantly associated with intra-abdominal metastases (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were inversely correlated with intra-abdominal metastases (p = 0.05), while sentinel lymph node positivity correlated with the presence of regional (p = 0.008) and distant (p = 0.02) metastases. Additionally, subcutaneous SULmax values were significantly higher in male patients compared to females (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Integrating PET-CT metabolic parameters with histopathological markers enhances the assessment of MM aggressiveness and metastatic potential. By refining risk stratification, PET-CT may contribute to personalized therapeutic strategies and improved patient management in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Sidonia Mititelu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Raluca Mititelu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 024185 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 024185 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 024185 Bucharest, Romania
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Di Giacomo AM, Subudhi S, Vos W, Andreatta M, Carmona S, McTavish W, Seliger B, Ibrahim R, Lahn M, Smith M, Eggermont A, Fox BA, Maio M. Perspectives on the role of "-Omics" in predicting response to immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2025; 220:115393. [PMID: 40168935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025]
Abstract
The annual Immuno-Oncology "Think Tank" held in October 2023 in Siena reviewed the rapidly evolving systems-biological approaches which are now providing a deeper understanding of tumor and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Based on this understanding opportunities for novel therapies may be identified to overcome resistance to immunotherapy. There is increasing evidence that malignant disease processes are not limited to purely intracellular or genetic events but constitute a dynamic interaction between the host and disease. Tumor responses are influenced by many host tissue determinants across different cellular compartments, which can now be investigated by high-throughput molecular profiling technologies, often labelled with a suffix "-omics". "Omics" together with ever increasing computational power, fast developments in machine learning, and high-resolution detection tools offer an unrivalled opportunity to connect high-dimensional data and create a holistic view of disease processes in cancer. This review describes advances in several state-of-the-art "-omics" approaches with perspectives on how these can be applied to the clinical development of new immunotherapeutic strategies and ultimately adopted in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospitalof Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy.
| | - Sumit Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wim Vos
- Radiomics.bio (Oncoradiomics SA), Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Santiago Carmona
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Will McTavish
- Nanostring Technologies Inc, 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School "Theodor Fontane" & Faculty of Health Sciences, Gertrud-Piter Platz 7, Brandenburg 14770, Germany; Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ramy Ibrahim
- Georgiamune Inc., 942 Clopper Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Michael Lahn
- iOnctura SA, Avenue Secheron 15, Geneva 1202, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Smith
- iOnctura SA, Avenue Secheron 15, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center and the University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 25, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich of the Technical University Munich and the Ludwig Maximiliaan University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at the Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97213, USA.
| | - Michele Maio
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospitalof Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy.
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Qi Y, Ge H, Sun X, Wei Y, Zhai J, Qian H, Mo H, Ma F. Systemic immune characteristics predicting toxicity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced breast cancer. J Autoimmun 2025; 153:103423. [PMID: 40267835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2025.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Revised: 04/12/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are among the most promising treatment options for cancer. However, frequent and sometimes life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are associated with ICI treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a model for predicting the risk of irAEs to identify high-risk groups, enable more accurate clinical risk‒benefit analysis for ICI treatment and decrease the incidence of irAEs. However, no ideal model for predicting irAEs has been applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the systemic immune characteristics of patients with irAEs and establish a model for predicting the risk of irAEs. METHODS We conducted a study to monitor irAEs in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing immunotherapy during and following the treatment course. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected before and after two cycles of therapy. Mass cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) was employed to identify baseline and posttreatment immune cell subpopulations, and the relationships between the proportions of cells in these subpopulations and the occurrence of irAEs were explored. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses stratified by the anatomic location and time of onset of irAEs. Furthermore, we developed a logistic regression model to predict the risk of irAEs and validated this model using two independent validation cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession numbers GSE189125 and GSE186143). RESULTS By analyzing 106 blood samples and samples from two independent validation cohorts (n = 16 and 60 patients), we found that high proportions of CXCR3+CCR6+CD4+ T cells and CD38+CD86+CXCR3+CCR6+CD8+ T cells and a low proportion of CXCR3lowCD56dim natural killer (NK) cells at baseline were significantly correlated with the incidence of irAEs (P = 0.0029, P < 0.001, and P = 0.0017, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, we observed consistent results in patients with immune-related pneumonitis (ir-pneumonitis) and immune-related thyroiditis (ir-thyroiditis). In the early irAE group, the baseline proportion of CXCR3+CCR6+CD4+ T cells was greater than that in the late irAE group (P = 0.011). An analysis of PBMCs before and after ICI treatment revealed thatthe dynamic changes in the proportions of naïve CD4+ T cells and CXCR3lowCD56dim NK cells were closely related to irAE occurrence. Finally, we ultimately developed a model for predicting the risk of irAEs, which yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.79 in the training cohort and an AUROC of 0.75 in the single-cell validation cohort (GSE189125). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that different populations of immune cells are associated with different irAEs and that characterization of these cells may be used as biomarkers to predict the risk of specific toxicities. This will facilitate the management of irAEs and may lead to a reduction in the incidence of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hewei Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of HuanXing ChaoYang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingtong Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongnan Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Mengoni M, Tüting T, Gaffal E, Braun AD. Liver Metastases are Associated with a Short Post-Progression Survival in a Real-World Group of Patients with Melanoma Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors. Oncol Ther 2025; 13:131-143. [PMID: 39661321 PMCID: PMC11880473 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of immunotherapy (IT) has transformed clinical care of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, many patients still die as a result of progressive disease. Here we analyzed how IT improved survival in a real-world setting. Additionally, we investigated whether IT alters the dynamics and pattern of metastatic progression in different organs resulting from tissue-specific immune microenvironments. METHODS We retrospectively compared a group of 61 patients with metastatic melanoma (24 female, 37 male) treated with IT between 2015 and 2018 with a historical control group of 56 patients with metastatic melanoma (21 female, 35 male) treated with chemotherapy between 2005 and 2008 regarding treatment response rates and overall survival as well as the timing and distribution of metastatic progression. RESULTS Patients with metastatic melanoma treated with IT showed increased response rates and longer overall survival when compared with patients treated with chemotherapy. In addition, treatment with IT altered the dynamics but not the pattern of metastatic progression when compared with treatment with chemotherapy. Interestingly, patients receiving IT lived significantly longer after metastatic progression to lymph nodes, lungs and brain, but not after metastatic progression to the liver. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the efficacy of IT in a real-world setting. The altered dynamics of metastases supports studies suggesting a unique role of immune privilege in the liver tissue microenvironment that increases resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mengoni
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas D Braun
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Luan H, Chen S, Lian J, Zhao B, Xu X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Qi M, Liu J, Zhang W, Luan T, Hong X. Biofluorescence imaging-guided spatial metabolic tracing: In vivo tracking of metabolic activity in circulating tumor cell-mediated multi-organ metastases. Talanta 2024; 280:126696. [PMID: 39137660 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are considered metastatic precursors that are shed from the primary or metastatic deposits and navigate the bloodstream before undergoing extravasation to establish distant metastases. Metabolic reprogramming appears to be a hallmark of metastatic progression, yet current methods for evaluating metabolic heterogeneity within organ-specific metastases in vivo are limited. To overcome this challenge, we present Biofluorescence Imaging-Guided Spatial Metabolic Tracing (BIGSMT), a novel approach integrating in vivo biofluorescence imaging, stable isotope tracing, stain-free laser capture microdissection, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This innovative technology obviates the need for staining or intricate sample preparation, mitigating metabolite loss, and substantially enhances detection sensitivity and accuracy through chemical derivatization of polar metabolites in central carbon pathways. Application of BIGSMT to a preclinical CTC-mediated metastasis mouse model revealed significant heterogeneity in the in vivo carbon flux from glucose into glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle across distinct metastatic sites. Our analysis indicates that carbon predominantly enters the TCA cycle through the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Thus, our spatially resolved BIGSMT technology provides fresh insights into the metabolic heterogeneity and evolution during melanoma CTC-mediated metastatic progression and points to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shuailong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingru Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boxi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhuofeng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Qi
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ye Y, Yu S, Guo T, Zhang S, Shen X, Han G. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Management: Opportunities and Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1523. [PMID: 39766230 PMCID: PMC11673737 DOI: 10.3390/biom14121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide, is associated with the highest morbidity. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of lung cancer cases. Advances in the domain of cancer treatment have improved the prognosis and quality of life of patients with metastatic NSCLC. Nevertheless, tumor progression or metastasis owing to treatment failure caused by primary or secondary drug resistance remains the cause of death in the majority of cases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a vital biological process wherein epithelial cancer cells lose their inherent adhesion and transform into more invasive mesenchymal-like cells, acts as a powerful engine driving tumor metastasis. EMT can also induce immunosuppression in the tumor environment, thereby promoting cancer development and poor prognosis among patients with NSCLC. This review aims to elucidate the effect of EMT on metastasis and the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, it explores the possible roles of EMT inhibition in improving the treatment efficacy of NSCLC. Targeting EMT may be an ideal mechanism to inhibit tumor growth and progression at multiple steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Shanxun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Ting Guo
- Central Lab, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaozhou Shen
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.S.)
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Egelston CA, Guo W, Simons DL, Ye J, Avalos C, Solomon ST, Nwangwu M, Nelson MS, Tan J, Bacon ER, Ihle K, Schmolze D, Tumyan L, Waisman JR, Lee PP. Organ-Specific Immune Setpoints Underlie Divergent Immune Profiles across Metastatic Sites in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1559-1573. [PMID: 39051632 PMCID: PMC11534553 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Immune composition within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in the propensity of cancer cells to metastasize and respond to therapy. Previous studies have suggested that the metastatic TME is immune-suppressed. However, limited accessibility to multiple metastatic sites within patients has made assessing the immune TME difficult in the context of multiorgan metastases. We utilized a rapid postmortem tissue collection protocol to assess the immune composition of numerous sites of breast cancer metastasis and paired tumor-free tissues. Metastases had comparable immune cell densities and compositions to paired tumor-free tissues of the same organ type. In contrast, immune cell densities in both metastatic and tumor-free tissues differed significantly between organ types, with lung immune infiltration being consistently greater than that in the liver. These immune profiling results were consistent between flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence-based spatial analysis. Furthermore, we found that granulocytes were the predominant tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung and liver metastases, and these granulocytes comprised most PD-L1-expressing cells in many tissue sites. We also identified distinct potential mechanisms of immunosuppression in lung and liver metastases, with the lung having increased expression of PD-L1+ antigen-presenting cells and the liver having higher numbers of activated regulatory T cells and HLA-DRlow monocytes. Together, these results demonstrate that the immune contexture of metastases is dictated by organ type and that immunotherapy strategies may benefit from unique tailoring to the tissue-specific features of the immune TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colt A. Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Diana L. Simons
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Christian Avalos
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Shawn T. Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Mary Nwangwu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Michael S. Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jiayi Tan
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Eliza R. Bacon
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Kena Ihle
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Lusine Tumyan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Peter P. Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Stasiak K, Stevens AD, Bolte AC, Curley CT, Perusina Lanfranca M, Lindsay RS, Eyo UB, Lukens JR, Price RJ, Bullock TNJ, Engelhard VH. Differential T cell accumulation within intracranial and subcutaneous melanomas is associated with differences in intratumoral myeloid cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 74:10. [PMID: 39487854 PMCID: PMC11531463 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic brain melanomas (MBM) experience shorter-lasting survival than patients with extracranial metastases, and this is associated with a higher fraction of dysfunctional CD8 T cells. The goal of this study was to understand the underlying cause of T cell dysfunction in MBM. To accomplish this, we compared murine B16 melanomas implanted intracranially (IC) or subcutaneously (SC). CD8 T cell activation was not altered, but representation in IC tumors was lower. Transferred activated or naïve CD8 T cells accumulated in similar numbers in both tumors, suggesting that the vasculature does not differentially impair T cell presence. Surprisingly, we found no evidence for T cell activation in draining lymph nodes of SC or IC tumor-bearing mice, consistent with the fact that dendritic cells (DC) that had acquired tumor antigen showed an immature phenotype. Instead, T cell activation occurred within both tumors, where the majority of tumor antigen+ myeloid cells were found. While, the numbers of intratumoral DC were comparable, those in IC tumors acquired less tumor antigen, and were alternatively matured based on upregulation of MHCII without upregulation of CD86. Additionally, in IC tumors, the largest population of tumor antigen+ myeloid cells were microglia. However, their presence did not influence either antigen acquisition or the phenotype of other myeloid cell populations. Overall, our data suggest that diminished representation of CD8 T cells in IC tumors is a consequence of alternatively matured DC and/or microglia that induce distinctly activated T cells, which ultimately fail to continue to accumulate inside the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stasiak
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Aaron D Stevens
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ashley C Bolte
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Colleen T Curley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virgnia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mirna Perusina Lanfranca
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Robin S Lindsay
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - John R Lukens
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virgnia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
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Taglialatela I, Indini A, Santanelli G, Di Liberti G, Di Guardo L, De Braud F, Del Vecchio M. Melanoma and sex hormones: Pathogenesis, progressive disease and response to treatments. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:309-318. [PMID: 38372040 DOI: 10.1177/03008916241231687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma represents the fifth tumor in terms of incidence in young adults, with a major involvement of males than females. Despite the significant changes in available effective treatments for cutaneous melanoma, there is still a proportion of patients that do not benefit long-term disease control with immune checkpoint inhibitors and/or BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and eventually develop progressive disease. In addition to the emerging biomarkers under investigation to understand resistance to treatments, recent studies resumed the role of sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone and androgens) in melanoma patients. In the last decades, the impact of sex hormones has been considered controversial in melanoma patients, but actual growing preclinical and clinical evidence underline the potential influence on melanoma cells' growth, tumor microenvironment, the immune system and consequently on the course of disease.This review will provide available insights on the role of sex hormones in melanoma pathogenesis, disease progression and response/resistance to systemic treatments. We will also offer an overview on the recent studies on the theme, describing the hormonal contribution to disease response and the interaction with targeted therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cutaneous melanoma patients, illustrating an insight into future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Taglialatela
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Indini
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Santanelli
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Liberti
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Guardo
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Università degli studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Khaddour K, Liu M, Kim EY, Bahar F, Lôbo MM, Giobbie-Hurder A, Silk AW, Thakuria M. Survival outcomes in patients with de novo metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma according to site of metastases. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1444590. [PMID: 39351362 PMCID: PMC11439816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1444590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin with a predilection for metastases. This study investigates the clinical outcomes in patients presenting with de novo Stage IV MCC according to the metastatic site(s) at presentation. Materials and methods Patients who presented with one or more sites of distant metastatic MCC at initial diagnosis between 2009 and 2023 were identified. The presence or absence of one or more metastases in each organ was categorized for each patient at the time of diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate the cumulative occurrence risk of MCC-specific death. Fisher's exact test was used for response rate analysis. Results were considered statically significant if p < 0.05. Results Thirty-four patients presented with de novo distant metastatic MCC. There was no association between the number of metastatic sites at diagnosis and OS (p= 0.58), PFS (p=0.79), or response rates (p=0.53). However, the presence of bone metastases was associated with significantly shorter OS (8.2 versus 25.2 months, HR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.01-5.7, p= 0.04). MCC-specific death in patients with lymph node metastases was significantly lower than in patients without (HR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.87, p= 0.013). The presence of bone metastases tended to associate with an increased risk of MCC-specific death, although not statistically significant. The location of metastases was not associated with the response rate to first-line treatment. There was no significant association between site of metastases and PFS. Conclusion In this cohort of patients with de novo metastatic MCC, the presence of bone metastases, but not the number of organs involved, was associated with significantly worse OS. The presence of lymph node metastases was associated with lower MCC-specific death. Further research is warranted in larger cohorts to investigate the impact of the location of metastases on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Khaddour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mofei Liu
- Department of Data Science, Division of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily Y Kim
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Data Science, Division of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Furkan Bahar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matheus M Lôbo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Data Science, Division of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann W Silk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manisha Thakuria
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Magrill J, Moldoveanu D, Gu J, Lajoie M, Watson IR. Mapping the single cell spatial immune landscapes of the melanoma microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:301-312. [PMID: 38217840 PMCID: PMC11374855 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly immunogenic malignancy with an elevated mutational burden, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, and one of the highest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, over half of all late-stage patients treated with ICIs will either not respond or develop progressive disease. Spatial imaging technologies are being increasingly used to study the melanoma tumor microenvironment (TME). The goal of such studies is to understand the complex interplay between the stroma, melanoma cells, and immune cell-types as well as their association with treatment response. Investigators seeking a better understanding of the role of cell location within the TME and the importance of spatial expression of biomarkers are increasingly turning to highly multiplexed imaging approaches to more accurately measure immune infiltration as well as to quantify receptor-ligand interactions (such as PD-1 and PD-L1) and cell-cell contacts. CyTOF-IMC (Cytometry by Time of Flight - Imaging Mass Cytometry) has enabled high-dimensional profiling of melanomas, allowing researchers to identify complex cellular subpopulations and immune cell interactions with unprecedented resolution. Other spatial imaging technologies, such as multiplexed immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics, have revealed distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration, highlighting the importance of spatial relationships, and their impact in modulating immunotherapy responses. Overall, spatial imaging technologies are just beginning to transform our understanding of melanoma biology, providing new avenues for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development. These technologies hold great promise for advancing personalized medicine to improve patient outcomes in melanoma and other solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Magrill
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Moldoveanu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiayao Gu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lajoie
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian R Watson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Pires da Silva I, Li I, Ugurel S, Serra-Bellver P, Andhale A, Burnette H, Aya F, Conway JW, Braden J, Carlino MS, Menzies AM, Weichenthal M, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Arance AM, Johnson DB, Lorigan P, Schadendorf D, Lo SN, Long GV. Anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma patients with liver metastases. Eur J Cancer 2024; 205:114101. [PMID: 38735161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 has been associated with improvement in response and survival over anti-PD-1 monotherapy in unselected patients with advanced melanoma. Whether patients with liver metastases also benefit from the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 over anti-PD-1, is unclear. In this study, we sought to assess whether the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 leads to better response, progression-free survival and overall survival, compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy for patients with liver metastases. METHODS We have conducted an international multicentre retrospective study. Patients with advanced melanoma with liver metastases treated with 1st line anti-PD1 monotherapy or with anti-CTLA-4 were included. The endpoints of this study were: objective response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS With a median follow-up from commencement of anti-PD-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 of 47 months (95% CI, 42-51), objective response rate was higher with combination therapy (47%) versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy (35%) (p = 0.0027), while progression-free survival and overall survival were not statistically different between both treatment groups. However, on multivariable analysis with multiple imputation for missing values and adjusting for predefined variables, combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 was associated with higher objective response (OR 2.21, 1.46 - 3.36; p < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR 0.73, 0.57 - 0.92; p = 0.009) and overall survival (HR 0.71, 0.54 - 0.94; p = 0.018) compared to anti-PD1 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will help guide treatment selection for patients who present with liver metastases, suggesting that combination therapy should be considered for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Isabel Li
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hannah Burnette
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco Aya
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan W Conway
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jorja Braden
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- University Skin Cancer Center Kiel, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Ana M Arance
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paul Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany; Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum (WTZ) & National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT-West), Campus Essen & University Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Poletto S, Paruzzo L, Nepote A, Caravelli D, Sangiolo D, Carnevale-Schianca F. Predictive Factors in Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Clinical Practice to Future Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:101. [PMID: 38201531 PMCID: PMC10778365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment landscape in metastatic melanoma. Despite the impressive results associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), only a portion of patients obtain a response to this treatment. In this scenario, the research of predictive factors is fundamental to identify patients who may have a response and to exclude patients with a low possibility to respond. These factors can be host-associated, immune system activation-related, and tumor-related. Patient-related factors can vary from data obtained by medical history (performance status, age, sex, body mass index, concomitant medications, and comorbidities) to analysis of the gut microbiome from fecal samples. Tumor-related factors can reflect tumor burden (metastatic sites, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and circulating tumor DNA) or can derive from the analysis of tumor samples (driver mutations, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and myeloid cells). Biomarkers evaluating the immune system activation, such as IFN-gamma gene expression profile and analysis of circulating immune cell subsets, have emerged in recent years as significantly correlated with response to ICIs. In this manuscript, we critically reviewed the most updated literature data on the landscape of predictive factors in metastatic melanoma treated with ICIs. We focus on the principal limits and potentiality of different methods, shedding light on the more promising biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Poletto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (D.S.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Nepote
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Daniela Caravelli
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCs, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.-S.)
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (D.S.)
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14
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Conway JW, Braden J, Lo SN, Scolyer RA, Carlino MS, Menzies AM, Long GV, da Silva IP. VEGF Inhibitors Improve Survival Outcomes in Patients with Liver Metastases across Cancer Types-A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5012. [PMID: 37894379 PMCID: PMC10605052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastases are associated with poor prognosis across cancers. Novel treatment strategies to treat patients with liver metastases are needed. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in patients with liver metastases across cancers. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase was performed between January 2000 and April 2023. Randomized controlled trials of patients with liver metastases comparing standard of care (systemic therapy or best supportive care) with or without vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors were included in the study. Outcomes reported included progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 4445 patients with liver metastases from 25 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. The addition of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors to standard systemic therapy or best supportive care was associated with superior progression-free survival (HR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.40-0.61) and overall survival (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93) in patients with liver metastases. In a subgroup analysis of patients with versus patients without liver metastases, the benefit with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors was more pronounced in the group with liver metastases (HR = 0.44) versus without (HR = 0.57) for progression-free survival, but not for overall survival. CONCLUSION The addition of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors to standard management improved survival outcomes in patients with liver metastasis across cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W. Conway
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jorja Braden
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Serigne N. Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2099, Australia
| | - Matteo S. Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Alexander M. Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
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15
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Mouritzen MT, Ladekarl M, Hager H, Mattesen TB, Lippert JB, Frank MS, Nøhr AK, Egendal IB, Carus A. Gene Expressions and High Lymphocyte Count May Predict Durable Clinical Benefits in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4480. [PMID: 37760450 PMCID: PMC10526901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, we aimed to assess the predictive potential of gene expression profiling (GEP), peripheral immune cell counts, and clinical characteristics. METHODS The primary endpoint of this prospective, observational study was a durable clinical benefit (DCB) defined as progression-free survival >6 months. In a subgroup with histological biopsies of sufficient quality (n = 25), GEP was performed using the nCounter® PanCancer IO 360 panel. RESULTS DCB was observed in 49% of 123 included patients. High absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and absence of liver metastases were associated with DCB (OR = 1.95, p = 0.038 and OR = 0.36, p = 0.046, respectively). GEP showed clustering of differentially expressed genes according to DCB, and a strong association between PD-L1 assessed by GEP (CD274) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was observed (p = 0.00013). The TGF-β, dendritic cell, and myeloid signature scores were higher for patients without DCB, whereas the JAK/STAT loss signature scores were higher for patients with DCB (unadjusted p-values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ALC above 1.01 × 109/L and absence of liver metastases were significantly associated with DCB in ICI-treated patients with NSCLC. GEP was only feasible in 20% of the patients. GEP-derived signatures may be associated with clinical outcomes, and PD-L1 could be assessed by GEP rather than IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette T. Mouritzen
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.L.); (A.C.)
- Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (A.K.N.); (I.B.E.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Morten Ladekarl
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.L.); (A.C.)
- Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (A.K.N.); (I.B.E.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark (T.B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine B. Mattesen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark (T.B.M.)
| | - Julie B. Lippert
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark (T.B.M.)
| | - Malene S. Frank
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne K. Nøhr
- Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (A.K.N.); (I.B.E.)
- Center for Clinical Data Science (CLINDA), Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ida B. Egendal
- Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (A.K.N.); (I.B.E.)
- Center for Clinical Data Science (CLINDA), Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Carus
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.L.); (A.C.)
- Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (A.K.N.); (I.B.E.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
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16
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Li R, Cheng K, Li X, Chang C, Lv W, Xiaoying L, Zhang P, Yang H, Cao D. Case report: Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (ICSABR): a novel treatment combination for Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147449. [PMID: 37614316 PMCID: PMC10443589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EBVa LEL-ICC) is a rare tumor, characterized by a rich tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). While this tumor is reportedly sensitive to immunotherapy, its response has been inconsistent. This decreased sensitivity was associated with reduced TIME abundance. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with EBVa LEL-ICC having reduced TIME abundance. The patient presented with a liver lesion, which was detected using ultrasound. Initially, the tumor was sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy (IC), but resistance developed after a short interval. Subsequently, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was added to the patient's treatment, which now consisted of ICSABR. Successful tumor shrinkage was achieved with the combination therapy regimen. Thus, surgery and ICSABR are effective adjuncts to the first-line IC therapy in improving the survival rate of patients with EBVa LEL-ICC. The results of this study support multidisciplinary treatment as a viable treatment strategy for EBVa LEL-ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanrui Lv
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xiaoying
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heqi Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Division of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yan C, Nebhan CA, Saleh N, Shattuck-Brandt R, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Weiss V, Richmond A, Vilgelm AE. Generation of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts in Humanized Mice for Evaluation of Emerging Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy Combinations for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3695. [PMID: 37509357 PMCID: PMC10377652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for developing PDX in humanized mice in preclinical trials with immune-based therapies are limited by GVHD. Here, we compared two approaches for establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice: (1) PDX are first established in immune-deficient mice; or (2) PDX are initially established in humanized mice; then established PDX are transplanted to a larger cohort of humanized mice for preclinical trials. With the first approach, there was rapid wasting of PDX-bearing humanized mice with high levels of activated T cells in the circulation and organs, indicating immune-mediated toxicity. In contrast, with the second approach, toxicity was less of an issue and long-term human melanoma tumor growth and maintenance of human chimerism was achieved. Preclinical trials from the second approach revealed that rigosertib, but not anti-PD-1, increased CD8/CD4 T cell ratios in spleen and blood and inhibited PDX tumor growth. Resistance to anti-PD-1 was associated with PDX tumors established from tumors with limited CD8+ T cell content. Our findings suggest that it is essential to carefully manage immune editing by first establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice before expanding PDX tumors into a larger cohort of humanized mice to evaluate therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Caroline A. Nebhan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Vivian Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Huang JN, Yu H, Wan Y, Ming WK, Situ F, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Wu UT, Huang WE, Chen W, Lyu J, Deng L. A prognostic nomogram for the cancer-specific survival of white patients with invasive melanoma at BANS sites based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1167742. [PMID: 37497274 PMCID: PMC10366473 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1167742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive nomogram for the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of white patients with invasive melanoma at back, posterior arm, posterior neck, and posterior scalp (BANS) sites and to determine the validity of the nomogram by comparing it with the conventional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. METHODS This study analyzed the patients with invasive melanoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. R software was used to randomly divide the patients into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify predictive variables. The new survival nomogram was compared with the AJCC prognosis model using the concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination index (IDI), calibration plotting, and decision-curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A novel nomogram was established to determine the 3-, 5-, and 8-year CSS probabilities of patients with invasive melanoma. According to the nomogram, the Age at Diagnosis had the greatest influence on CSS in invasive melanoma, followed by Bone Metastasis, AJCC, Stage, Liver Metastasis, Histologic Subtype, Brain Metastasis, Ulceration, and Primary Site. The nomogram had a higher C-index than the AJCC staging system in both the training (0.850 versus 0.799) and validation (0.829 versus 0.783) cohorts. Calibration plotting demonstrated that the model had good calibration ability. The nomogram outperformed the AJCC staging system in terms of AUC, NRI, IDI, and DCA. CONCLUSION This was the first study to develop and evaluate a comprehensive nomogram for the CSS of white patients with invasive melanoma at BANS sites using the SEER database. The novel nomogram can assist clinical staff in predicting the 3-, 5-, and 8-year CSS probabilities of patients with invasive melanoma more accurately than can the AJCC staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wan
- Guangzhou Jnumeso Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangmin Situ
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Jiang
- Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - U. Tim Wu
- Meng Yi Centre Limited, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | | | - Wenhui Chen
- Shanghai Aige Medical Beauty Clinic Co., Ltd. (Agge), Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China
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Deng JY, Gou Q, Yang L, Chen ZH, Yang MY, Yang XR, Yan HH, Wei XW, Liu JQ, Su J, Zhong WZ, Xu CR, Wu YL, Zhou Q. Immune suppressive microenvironment in liver metastases contributes to organ-specific response of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007218. [PMID: 37463790 PMCID: PMC10357800 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is a frequent site of metastases and liver metastases (LM) correlate with diminished immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to analyze whether tumor response to immunotherapy differs between pulmonary lesions (PL) and LM in NSCLC and to explore potential mechanisms through multiomics analysis. METHODS This observational longitudinal clinical cohort study included patients with NSCLC with LM receiving immunotherapy was conducted to evaluate organ-specific tumor response of PL and LM. We collected paired PL and LM tumor samples to analyze the organ-specific difference using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 52 patients with NSCLC with LM were enrolled to evaluate the organ-specific response of immunotherapy. The objective response rate (21.1% vs 32.7%) and disease control rate of LM were lower than that of PL (67.3% vs 86.5%). One-third of patients showed mixed response, among whom 88.2% (15/17) presented with LM increasing, but PL decreasing, while the others had the opposite pattern (p=0.002). In another independent cohort, 27 pairs of matched PL and LM tumor samples from the same individuals, including six simultaneously collected pairs, were included in the translational part. Genomic landscapes profiling revealed similar somatic mutations, tumor mutational burden, and neoantigen number between PL and LM. Bulk-RNA sequencing showed immune activation-related genes including CD8A, LCK, and ICOS were downregulated in LM. The antigen processing and presentation, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and T-cell receptor signaling pathway were enriched in PL compared with LM. Multiplex immunohistochemistry detected significantly lower fractions of CD8+ cells (p=0.036) and CD56dim+ cells (p=0.016) in LM compared with PL. Single-cell RNA sequencing also characterized lower effector CD8+ T cells activation and NK cells cytotoxicity in LM. CONCLUSIONS Compared with PL, LM presents an inferior organ-specific tumor response to immunotherapy. PL and LM showed limited heterogeneity in the genomic landscape, while the LM tumor microenvironment displayed lower levels of immune activation and infiltration than PL, which might contribute to developing precise immunotherapy strategies for patients with NSCLC with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Wu Wei
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Li H, Tang L, Zeng Y, Lin J, Chen Y, Li J. A modified melanoma-molGPA scoring model: assessment of survival after and efficacy of different radiotherapy modalities in patients with melanoma brain metastases. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 37382755 PMCID: PMC10310639 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with malignant melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) have poor prognoses. For MBMs, the Melanoma-molGPA is the most widely used predictive score, but its predictive value remains uncertain in patients fully treated with radiotherapy. We identified MBMs prognostic factors and modified the prognostic scoring model. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with MBMs between December 2010 and November 2021 for prognostic factors influencing overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate analyses. Nomogram plots were based on Cox regression modeling. We evaluated overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS The median OS (mOS) was 7.9 months. On multivariate analysis, BRAF mutation status (p < 0.001), number of brain metastases (BM) (p < 0.001), presence of liver metastases (p < 0.001), brain metastases with a midline shift (p = 0.003), Karnofsky Performance Score (p = 0.02), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p < 0.0001) were independent OS predictors. These were incorporated into a modified risk-stratification model. Overall, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) did not significantly affect mOS (mOS, 6.89 vs. 8.83 months; p = 0.07). After risk stratification using our model, WBRT resulted in no significant survival benefit in the low-risk group (mOS 10.07 vs. 13.1 months; p = 0.71) but significantly worse prognosis in the high-risk group (mOS, 2.37 vs. 6.92 months; p = 0.026). CONCLUSION We propose a modified model that accurately distinguishes the prognosis of patients with MBMs and guides decision-making for radiotherapy. Based on this novel model, WBRT should be cautiously selected for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lirui Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinluan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Zhang L, Shi Z, Zhang F, Chen B, Qiu W, Cai L, Lin X. Ubiquitination-related biomarkers in metastatic melanoma patients and their roles in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170190. [PMID: 37274231 PMCID: PMC10235493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest type of cutaneous malignancy. Ubiquitination is a process of protein sorting and degradation that exhibits multiple functions in the progression of various tumors. This study aimed to characterize a set of genes for ubiquitination in SKCM. Methods The expression patterns of ubiquitin-associated genes (URGs) and the corresponding clinical information in SKCM tissues were comprehensively analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression models to characterize the risk scores and identify four critical genes related to prognostic ubiquitination (HCLS1, CORO1A, NCF1 and CCRL2), which were used to construct the prognostic signatures. We also studied the effects of HCLS1, CORO1A and CCRL2 on tumor metastasis-related indicators at the cellular level through in vitro experiments. Results SKCM patients in the low-risk group showing a longer survival than those in the high-risk group. Characteristic risk scores correlated with several clinicopathological variables and reflected the infiltration of multiple immune cells. In addition, the knockdown of CLS1, CORO1A and CCRL2 affected cellular malignant biological behavior through the EMT signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides a novel and prospective strategy to improve the clinical survival of SKCM patients.
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22
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Ziogas DC, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Foteinou D, Koumprentziotis IA, Xynos G, Gogas H. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 Inhibition: Novel Immune Checkpoint Molecules for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2718. [PMID: 37345056 PMCID: PMC10216291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than ten years after the approval of ipilimumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been established as the most effective treatment for locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, achieving durable responses either as monotherapies or in combinatorial regimens. However, a considerable proportion of patients do not respond or experience early relapse, due to multiple parameters that contribute to melanoma resistance. The expression of other immune checkpoints beyond the PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules remains a major mechanism of immune evasion. The recent approval of anti-LAG-3 ICI, relatlimab, in combination with nivolumab for metastatic disease, has capitalized on the extensive research in the field and has highlighted the potential for further improvement of melanoma prognosis by synergistically blocking additional immune targets with new ICI-doublets, antibody-drug conjugates, or other novel modalities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of presently published immune checkpoint molecules, including LAG-3, TIGIT, TIM-3, VISTA, IDO1/IDO2/TDO, CD27/CD70, CD39/73, HVEM/BTLA/CD160 and B7-H3. Beginning from their immunomodulatory properties as co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors, we present all therapeutic modalities targeting these molecules that have been tested in melanoma treatment either in preclinical or clinical settings. Better understanding of the checkpoint-mediated crosstalk between melanoma and immune effector cells is essential for generating more effective strategies with augmented immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.T.); (P.-P.L.); (D.F.); (I.-A.K.); (G.X.)
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Cazzato G, Cascardi E, Colagrande A, Lettini T, Filosa A, Arezzo F, Lupo C, Casatta N, Loizzi V, Pellegrini C, Fargnoli MC, Maiorano E, Cicco G, Tamma R, Ingravallo G. T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3) in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1697. [PMID: 36980583 PMCID: PMC10046653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is an inhibitory immunocheckpoint that belongs to the TIM gene family. Monney et al. first discovered it about 20 years ago and linked it to some autoimmune diseases; subsequent studies have revealed that some tumours, including melanoma, have the capacity to produce inhibitory ligands that bind to these receptor checkpoints on tumour-specific immune cells. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, searching for the following keywords: "T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3", "TIM-3" and/or "Immunocheckpoint inhibitors" in combination with "malignant melanoma" or "human malignant melanoma" or "cutaneous melanoma". The literature search initially turned up 117 documents, 23 of which were duplicates. After verifying eligibility and inclusion criteria, 17 publications were ultimately included. A growing body of scientific evidence considers TIM-3 a valid inhibitory immuno-checkpoint with a very interesting potential in the field of melanoma. However, other recent studies have discovered new roles for TIM-3 that seem almost to contradict previous findings in this regard. All this demonstrates how common and valid the concept of 'pleiotropism' is in the TME field, in that the same molecule can behave completely or partially differently depending on the cell type considered or on temporary conditions. Further studies, large case series, and a special focus on the immunophenotype of TIM-3 are absolutely necessary in order to explore this highly promising topic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, Str. Provinciale 142 lm 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna Colagrande
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Lettini
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Filosa
- Pathology Department, “A. Murri” Hospital-ASUR Marche, Aree Vaste n. 4 and 5, 63900 Fermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCSS Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmelo Lupo
- Innovation Department, Diapath S.p.A., Via Savoldini n.71, 24057 Martinengo, Italy
| | - Nadia Casatta
- Innovation Department, Diapath S.p.A., Via Savoldini n.71, 24057 Martinengo, Italy
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCSS Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11 Polyclinic, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Park J, Hsueh PC, Li Z, Ho PC. Microenvironment-driven metabolic adaptations guiding CD8 + T cell anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:32-42. [PMID: 36630916 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic stress occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers T cell anti-tumor immunity by disturbing T cell metabolic and epigenetic programs. Recent studies are making headway toward identifying strategies to unleash T cell activities by targeting T cell metabolism. Furthermore, efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer therapies. However, distinct treatment outcomes across different cancers raise the question of whether our understanding of the features of CD8+ T cells within the TME are universal, regardless of their tissue of origin. Here, we review the common and distinct environmental factors affecting CD8+ T cells across tumors. Moreover, we discuss how distinct tissue-specific niches are interpreted by CD8+ T cells based on studies on tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells and how these insights can pave the way for a better understanding of the metabolic regulation of CD8+ T cell differentiation and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeoh Park
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Conway JW, Braden J, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Pires da Silva I. The effect of organ-specific tumor microenvironments on response patterns to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030147. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have become widely used in various settings across many different cancer types in recent years. Whilst patients are often treated on the basis of the primary cancer type and clinical stage, recent studies have highlighted disparity in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors at different sites of metastasis, and their impact on overall response and survival. Studies exploring the tumor immune microenvironment at different organ sites have provided insights into the immune-related mechanisms behind organ-specific patterns of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to highlight the key learnings from clinical studies across various cancers including melanoma, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and others, assessing the association of site of metastasis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also summarize the key clinical and pre-clinical findings from studies exploring the immune microenvironment of specific sites of metastasis. Ultimately, further characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment at different metastatic sites, and understanding the biological drivers of these differences, may identify organ-specific mechanisms of resistance, which will lead to more personalized treatment approaches for patients with innate or acquired resistance to immunotherapy.
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