1
|
Lan X, Ao WL, Li J. Preimplantation genetic testing as a preventive strategy for the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:38-51. [PMID: 38323618 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2306389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are distinct types of metabolic and/or neurologic abnormalities that occur as a consequence of dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation, affecting several systems in the body. There is no effective treatment modality for mitochondrial disorders so far, emphasizing the clinical significance of preventing the inheritance of these disorders. Various reproductive options are available to reduce the probability of inheriting mitochondrial disorders, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) using donated oocytes, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), and prenatal diagnosis (PND), among which PGT not only makes it possible for families to have genetically-owned children but also PGT has the advantage that couples do not have to decide to terminate the pregnancy if a mutation is detected in the fetus. PGT for mitochondrial diseases originating from nuclear DNA includes analyzing the nuclear genome for the presence or absence of corresponding mutations. However, PGT for mitochondrial disorders arising from mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more intricate, due to the specific characteristics of mtDNA such as multicopy nature, heteroplasmy phenomenon, and exclusive maternal inheritance. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the utility and challenges of PGT as a preventive approach to inherited mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Lan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wu Liji Ao
- College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chitara N, Krishan K, Kanchan T. The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2024:258024241266566. [PMID: 39056221 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241266566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In the recent past, human genetics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) have undergone various advances to combat with several congenital and developmental disorders. These advances are a boon for the families and patients who were restricted from having a child due to one or the other reasons. One such reason is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are definitely transmitted from the mother to the child due to uniparental/maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Depending upon the range of the mutation (mutation loads) present, the mtDNA mutation leads to various devitalizing to fatal disorders, all of which are incurable. Scientists and researchers developed a technique known as mitochondrial donation technique or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) to combat with the mtDNA mutations. The technique relies on the replacement of faulty mitochondria in the mother's egg with the normal wild-type from a donor female resulting in a "three-parent baby." On the other side, forensic scientists and anthropologists continuously explore the mtDNA in various medicolegal cases and in uncoupling the mystery of human origin and migration respectively. In this regard, we explored the genetic, forensic and ethical aspects of a "three-parent baby." The present communication also attempts to highlight the importance and limitations of the MRT technique/three-parent baby in a medicolegal context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Chitara
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okamoto R, Xiao W, Fukasawa H, Hirata S, Sankai T, Masuyama H, Otsuki J. Aggregated chromosomes/chromatin transfer: a novel approach for mitochondrial replacement with minimal mitochondrial carryover: the implications of mouse experiments for human aggregated chromosome transfer. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad043. [PMID: 38039159 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer techniques, including spindle chromosome complex (SC) transfer and pronuclear transfer, have been employed to mitigate mitochondrial diseases. Nevertheless, the challenge of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) carryover remains unresolved. Previously, we introduced a method for aggregated chromosome (AC) transfer in human subjects, offering a potential solution. However, the subsequent rates of embryonic development have remained unexplored owing to legal limitations in Japan, and animal studies have been hindered by a lack of AC formation in other species. Building upon our success in generating ACs within mouse oocytes via utilization of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl 1-methylxanthine (IBMX), this study has established a mouse model for AC transfer. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of embryo development rates and mtDNA carryover between AC transfer and SC transfer was conducted. Additionally, the mitochondrial distribution around SC and AC structures was investigated, revealing that in oocytes at the metaphase II stage, the mitochondria exhibited a relatively concentrated arrangement around the spindle apparatus, while the distribution of mitochondria in AC-formed oocytes appeared to be independent of the AC position. The AC transfer approach produced a marked augmentation in rates of fertilization, embryo cleavage, and blastocyst formation, especially as compared to scenarios without AC transfer in IBMX-treated AC-formed oocytes. No significant disparities in fertilization and embryo development rates were observed between AC and SC transfers. However, relative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the mtDNA carryover for AC transfers was one-tenth and therefore significantly lower than that of SC transfers. This study successfully accomplished nuclear transfers with ACs in mouse oocytes, offering an insight into the potential of AC transfers as a solution to heteroplasmy-related challenges. These findings are promising in terms of future investigation with human oocytes, thus advancing AC transfer as an innovative approach in the field of human nuclear transfer methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - W Xiao
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Fukasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - S Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - T Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - J Otsuki
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases require customized approaches for reproductive counseling, addressing differences in recurrence risks and reproductive options. The majority of mitochondrial diseases is caused by mutations in nuclear genes and segregate in a Mendelian way. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are available to prevent the birth of another severely affected child. In at least 15%-25% of cases, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which can occur de novo (25%) or be maternally inherited. For de novo mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is low and PND can be offered for reassurance. For maternally inherited, heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is often unpredictable, due to the mitochondrial bottleneck. PND for mtDNA mutations is technically possible, but often not applicable given limitations in predicting the phenotype. Another option for preventing the transmission of mtDNA diseases is PGT. Embryos with mutant load below the expression threshold are being transferred. Oocyte donation is another safe option to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease to a future child for couples who reject PGT. Recently, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) became available for clinical application as an alternative to prevent the transmission of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mertens J, Regin M, De Munck N, Couvreu de Deckersberg E, Belva F, Sermon K, Tournaye H, Blockeel C, Van de Velde H, Spits C. Mitochondrial DNA variants segregate during human preimplantation development into genetically different cell lineages that are maintained postnatally. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3629-3642. [PMID: 35285472 PMCID: PMC9616571 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans present remarkable diversity in their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in terms of variants across individuals as well as across tissues and even cells within one person. We have investigated the timing of the first appearance of this variant-driven mosaicism. For this, we deep-sequenced the mtDNA of 254 oocytes from 85 donors, 158 single blastomeres of 25 day-3 embryos, 17 inner cell mass and trophectoderm samples of 7 day-5 blastocysts, 142 bulk DNA and 68 single cells of different adult tissues. We found that day-3 embryos present blastomeres that carry variants only detected in that cell, showing that mtDNA mosaicism arises very early in human development. We classified the mtDNA variants based on their recurrence or uniqueness across different samples. Recurring variants had higher heteroplasmic loads and more frequently resulted in synonymous changes or were located in non-coding regions than variants unique to one oocyte or single embryonic cell. These differences were maintained through development, suggesting that the mtDNA mosaicism arising in the embryo is maintained into adulthood. We observed a decline in potentially pathogenic variants between day 3 and day 5 of development, suggesting early selection. We propose a model in which closely clustered mitochondria carrying specific mtDNA variants in the ooplasm are asymmetrically distributed throughout the cell divisions of the preimplantation embryo, resulting in the earliest form of mtDNA mosaicism in human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joke Mertens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marius Regin
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Neelke De Munck
- Brussels IVF, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edouard Couvreu de Deckersberg
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Belva
- Center for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen Sermon
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Brussels IVF, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Biology of the Testis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Perinatology and Reproduction, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Brussels IVF, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van de Velde
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels IVF, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Reproduction and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji D, Li X, Pan J, Zong K, Chen D, Marley JL, Zou W, Deng X, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Sha H, Cao Y. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a carrier with m.3697G > A mitochondrial DNA mutation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3251-3260. [PMID: 34802141 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore inheritance of the m.3697G > A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and the effectiveness of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for the carrier. METHODS The study encompassed a pedigree of m.3697G > A mtDNA mutation, including one asymptomatic patient who pursued for PGD treatment. Twelve cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected in the first PGD cycle and 11 COCs in the second cycle. The efficiency of cumulus cells, polar bodies, and trophectoderm (TE) in predicting the m.3697G > A heteroplasmy of embryos was analyzed. RESULTS From 23 COCs, 20 oocytes were fertilized successfully. On day 5 and 6 post-fertilization, 15 blastocysts were biopsied. The m.3697G > A mutation load of TE biopsies ranged from 15.2 to 100%. In the first cycle, a blastocyst with mutation load of 31.7% and chromosomal mosaicism was transferred, but failed to yield a clinical pregnancy. In the second cycle, a euploid blastocyst with mutation load of 53.9% was transferred, which gave rise to a clinical pregnancy. However, the pregnancy was terminated due to fetal cleft lip and palate. The mutation loads of different tissues (47.7 ± 1.8%) from the induced fetus were comparable to that of the biopsied TE and amniotic fluid cell (49.7%). The mutation load of neither cumulus cells (R2 = 0.02, p = 0.58) nor polar bodies (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.13) correlated with TE mutation load which was regarded as a gold standard. CONCLUSIONS The m.3697G > A mutation showed a random pattern of inheritance. PGD could be used to reduce the risk of inheritance of a high mutation load. Cumulus cells are not a suitable predictor of blastocyst mutation load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kai Zong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.,China Technical Center of Hefei Customs District, No. 329 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jordan Lee Marley
- Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.,Biosciences Institute, Tyne and Wear, Newcastle University,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8PB, UK
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongying Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, No. 120 Wanshui Road, Shushan District, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spath K, Babariya D, Konstantinidis M, Lowndes J, Child T, Grifo JA, Poulton J, Wells D. Clinical application of sequencing-based methods for parallel preimplantation genetic testing for mitochondrial DNA disease and aneuploidy. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1521-1532. [PMID: 33745725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate and apply a strategy permitting parallel preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and aneuploidy (PGT-A). DESIGN Preclinical test validation and case reports. SETTING Fertility centers. Diagnostics laboratory. PATIENTS Four patients at risk of transmitting mtDNA disease caused by m.8993T>G (Patients A and B), m.10191T>G (Patient C), and m.3243A>G (Patient D). Patients A, B, and C had affected children. Patients A and D displayed somatic heteroplasmy for mtDNA mutations. INTERVENTIONS Embryo biopsy, genetic testing, and uterine transfer of embryos predicted to be euploid and mutation-free. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Test accuracy, treatment outcomes, and mutation segregation. RESULTS Accuracy of mtDNA mutation quantification was confirmed. The test was compatible with PGT-A, and half of the embryos tested were shown to be aneuploid (16/33). Mutations were detected in approximately 40% of embryo biopsies from Patients A and D (10/24) but in none from Patients B and C (n = 29). Patients B and C had healthy children following PGT and natural conception, respectively. The m.8993T>G mutation displayed skewed segregation, whereas m.3243A>G mutation levels were relatively low and potentially impacted embryo development. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high aneuploidy rate, strategies providing a combination of PGT for mtDNA disease and aneuploidy may be advantageous compared with approaches that consider only mtDNA. Heteroplasmic women had a higher incidence of affected embryos than those with undetectable somatic mutant mtDNA but were still able to produce mutation-free embryos. While not conclusive, the results are consistent with the existence of mutation-specific segregation mechanisms occurring during oogenesis and possibly embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Spath
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Dhruti Babariya
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jo Lowndes
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Child
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Fertility, Fertility Partnership, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dagan Wells
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamada M, Sato S, Ooka R, Akashi K, Nakamura A, Miyado K, Akutsu H, Tanaka M. Mitochondrial replacement by genome transfer in human oocytes: Efficacy, concerns, and legality. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:53-61. [PMID: 33488283 PMCID: PMC7812462 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations, which often cause life-threatening disorders, are maternally inherited via the cytoplasm of oocytes. Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is expected to prevent second-generation transmission of mtDNA mutations. However, MRT may affect the function of respiratory chain complexes comprised of both nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. METHODS Based on the literature and current regulatory guidelines (especially in Japan), we analyzed and reviewed the recent developments in human models of MRT. MAIN FINDINGS MRT does not compromise pre-implantation development or stem cell isolation. Mitochondrial function in stem cells after MRT is also normal. Although mtDNA carryover is usually less than 0.5%, even low levels of heteroplasmy can affect the stability of the mtDNA genotype, and directional or stochastic mtDNA drift occurs in a subset of stem cell lines (mtDNA genetic drift). MRT could prevent serious genetic disorders from being passed on to the offspring. However, it should be noted that this technique currently poses significant risks for use in embryos designed for implantation. CONCLUSION The maternal genome is fundamentally compatible with different mitochondrial genotypes, and vertical inheritance is not required for normal mitochondrial function. Unresolved questions regarding mtDNA genetic drift can be addressed by basic research using MRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Reina Ooka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Akashi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Reproductive BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Walker MA, Lareau CA, Ludwig LS, Karaa A, Sankaran VG, Regev A, Mootha VK. Purifying Selection against Pathogenic Mitochondrial DNA in Human T Cells. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1556-1563. [PMID: 32786181 PMCID: PMC7593775 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Patients' cells contain a mixture of mutant and nonmutant mtDNA (a phenomenon called heteroplasmy). The proportion of mutant mtDNA varies across patients and among tissues within a patient. We simultaneously assayed single-cell heteroplasmy and cell state in thousands of blood cells obtained from three unrelated patients who had A3243G-associated mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes. We observed a broad range of heteroplasmy across all cell types but also found markedly reduced heteroplasmy in T cells, a finding consistent with purifying selection within this lineage. We observed this pattern in six additional patients who had heteroplasmic A3243G without strokelike episodes. (Funded by the Marriott Foundation and others.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Walker
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Amel Karaa
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Aviv Regev
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology (M.A.W., V.K.M.), Neurology (M.A.W.), and Medicine (V.K.M) and the Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.A.W., A.R., V.K.M.), the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (C.A.L., L.S.L., V.G.S.), the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School (V.K.M.), and Harvard Medical School (M.A.W., A.K.), Boston, and the Klarman Cell Observatory (L.S.L., A.R.), Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard (M.A.W., C.A.L., V.G.S., V.K.M.), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (V.G.S.), and the Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (A.R.), Cambridge - both in Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poulton J, Steffann J, Burgstaller J, McFarland R. 243rd ENMC international workshop: Developing guidelines for management of reproductive options for families with maternally inherited mtDNA disease, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 22–24 March 2019. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:725-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
Reproductive biotechnology has developed rapidly and is now able to overcome many birth difficulties due to infertility or the transmission of genetic diseases. Here we introduce the next generation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT) or genetic correction in eggs with micromanipulation. Further, we suggest that the transmission of genetic information from somatic cells to subsequent generations without gametes should be useful for people who suffer from infertility or genetic diseases. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be converted into germ cells such as sperm or oocytes in the laboratory. Notably, germ cells derived from nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) inherit the full parental genome. The most important issue in this technique is the generation of a haploid chromosome from diploid somatic cells. We hereby examine current science and limitations underpinning these important developments and provide recommendations for moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Otten ABC, Sallevelt SCEH, Carling PJ, Dreesen JCFM, Drüsedau M, Spierts S, Paulussen ADC, de Die-Smulders CEM, Herbert M, Chinnery PF, Samuels DC, Lindsey P, Smeets HJM. Mutation-specific effects in germline transmission of pathogenic mtDNA variants. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1331-1341. [PMID: 29850888 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does germline selection (besides random genetic drift) play a role during the transmission of heteroplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in humans? SUMMARY ANSWER We conclude that inheritance of mtDNA is mutation-specific and governed by a combination of random genetic drift and negative and/or positive selection. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY mtDNA inherits maternally through a genetic bottleneck, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Although random genetic drift is recognized as an important mechanism, selection mechanisms are thought to play a role as well. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We determined the mtDNA mutation loads in 160 available oocytes, zygotes, and blastomeres of five carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation, one carrier of the m.8993T>G mutation, and one carrier of the m.14487T>C mutation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mutation loads were determined in PGD samples using PCR assays and analysed mathematically to test for random sampling effects. In addition, a meta-analysis has been performed on mutation load transmission data in the literature to confirm the results of the PGD samples. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE By applying the Kimura distribution, which assumes random mechanisms, we found that mtDNA segregations patterns could be explained by variable bottleneck sizes among all our carriers (moment estimates ranging from 10 to 145). Marked differences in the bottleneck size would determine the probability that a carrier produces offspring with mutations markedly different than her own. We investigated whether bottleneck sizes might also be influenced by non-random mechanisms. We noted a consistent absence of high mutation loads in all our m.3243A>G carriers, indicating non-random events. To test this, we fitted a standard and a truncated Kimura distribution to the m.3243A>G segregation data. A Kimura distribution truncated at 76.5% heteroplasmy has a significantly better fit (P-value = 0.005) than the standard Kimura distribution. For the m.8993T>G mutation, we suspect a skewed mutation load distribution in the offspring. To test this hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis on published blood mutation levels of offspring-mother (O-M) transmission for the m.3243A>G and m.8993T>G mutations. This analysis revealed some evidence that the O-M ratios for the m.8993T>G mutation are different from zero (P-value <0.001), while for the m.3243A>G mutation there was little evidence that the O-M ratios are non-zero. Lastly, for the m.14487T>G mutation, where the whole range of mutation loads was represented, we found no indications for selective events during its transmission. LARGE SCALE DATA All data are included in the Results section of this article. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The availability of human material for the mutations is scarce, requiring additional samples to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that non-random mechanisms are involved during mtDNA segregation. We aimed to provide the mechanisms underlying these selection events. One explanation for selection against high m.3243A>G mutation loads could be, as previously reported, a pronounced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency at high mutation loads, which prohibits oogenesis (e.g. progression through meiosis). No maximum mutation loads of the m.8993T>G mutation seem to exist, as the OXPHOS deficiency is less severe, even at levels close to 100%. In contrast, high mutation loads seem to be favoured, probably because they lead to an increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), a hallmark on which healthy mitochondria are being selected. This hypothesis could provide a possible explanation for the skewed segregation pattern observed. Our findings are corroborated by the segregation pattern of the m.14487T>C mutation, which does not affect OXPHOS and MMP significantly, and its transmission is therefore predominantly determined by random genetic drift. Our conclusion is that mutation-specific selection mechanisms occur during mtDNA inheritance, which has implications for PGD and mitochondrial replacement therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology. The authors declare no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auke B C Otten
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Phillippa J Carling
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield institute for translational neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spierts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuleva M, Ben Miled S, Steffann J, Bonnefont JP, Rondeau S, Ville Y, Munnich A, Salomon LJ. Increased incidence of obstetric complications in women carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre. BJOG 2018; 126:1372-1379. [PMID: 30461153 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the obstetric outcome of women carriers of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorder mutation. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre. SETTING A review of the obstetric history of women referred for prenatal screening of a mitochondrial disorder was performed. POPULATION Women were divided into three groups: (1) women carrying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations; (2) healthy women with a family history of mtDNA-related OXPHOS disorder; and (3) healthy women carrying heterozygote nuclear DNA mutations. METHODS Obstetric history and pregnancy complications were evaluated separately in the three groups and compared with the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS. RESULTS Seventy-five women were included with 287 cumulative pregnancies. Groups 1 and 3 had a significantly greater proportion of terminations of pregnancy (20 and 13% versus 0.8%, P < 0.001), and a lower percentage of live births (52 and 72% versus 87%, P = 0.001), compared with controls. Apart from this, the rate of obstetric complications in group 3 did not differ from the controls. The obstetric history of women in group 1 was marked by higher rates of early miscarriages (26 versus 11%, P = 0.004), gestational diabetes (14 versus 3%, P = 0.02), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, 10 versus 1%, P = 0.008), and postpartum haemorrhage than were reported for controls (12 versus 2%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Women who are heteroplasmic for OXPHOS mutations have a higher incidence of pregnancy losses, gestational diabetes, IUGR, and post postpartum haemorrhage. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Women heteroplasmic for mitochondrial DNA mutations have a higher incidence of obstetric complications, compared with the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kuleva
- Department of Obstetrics, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - S Ben Miled
- Department of Obstetrics, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - J Steffann
- Imagine Institute, UMR 1163, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - J P Bonnefont
- Imagine Institute, UMR 1163, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - S Rondeau
- Imagine Institute, UMR 1163, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Y Ville
- Department of Obstetrics, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - A Munnich
- Imagine Institute, UMR 1163, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Clinical syndromes associated with mtDNA mutations: where we stand after 30 years. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:235-254. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The landmark year 1988 can be considered as the birthdate of mitochondrial medicine, when the first pathogenic mutations affecting mtDNA were associated with human diseases. Three decades later, the field still expands and we are not ‘scraping the bottom of the barrel’ yet. Despite the tremendous progress in terms of molecular characterization and genotype/phenotype correlations, for the vast majority of cases we still lack a deep understanding of the pathogenesis, good models to study, and effective therapeutic options. However, recent technological advances including somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid technology, and tailored endonucleases provide unprecedented opportunities to fill these gaps, casting hope to soon cure the major primary mitochondrial phenotypes reviewed here. This group of rare diseases represents a key model for tackling the pathogenic mechanisms involving mitochondrial biology relevant to much more common disorders that affect our currently ageing population, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sallevelt SCEH, Dreesen JCFM, Drüsedau M, Hellebrekers DMEI, Paulussen ADC, Coonen E, van Golde RJT, Geraedts JPM, Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Zeviani M, Smeets HJM, de Die-Smulders CEM. PGD for the m.14487 T>C mitochondrial DNA mutation resulted in the birth of a healthy boy. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:698-703. [PMID: 28122886 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the first PGD performed for the m.14487 T>C mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in the MT-ND6 gene, associated with Leigh syndrome. The female carrier gave birth to a healthy baby boy at age 42. This case adds to the successes of PGD for mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J T van Golde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P M Geraedts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gianaroli
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione (S.I.S.Me.R.), Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria C Magli
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione (S.I.S.Me.R.), Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hill Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Via Giovanni Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Craven L, Tang MX, Gorman GS, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Novel reproductive technologies to prevent mitochondrial disease. Hum Reprod Update 2018. [PMID: 28651360 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nuclear transfer (NT) has been proposed as a novel reproductive treatment to overcome the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations in mtDNA can cause a wide-spectrum of life-limiting disorders, collectively known as mtDNA disease, for which there are currently few effective treatments and no known cures. The many unique features of mtDNA make genetic counselling challenging for women harbouring pathogenic mtDNA mutations but reproductive options that involve medical intervention are available that will minimize the risk of mtDNA disease in their offspring. This includes PGD, which is currently offered as a clinical treatment but will not be suitable for all. The potential for NT to reduce transmission of mtDNA mutations has been demonstrated in both animal and human models, and has recently been clinically applied not only to prevent mtDNA disease but also for some infertility cases. In this review, we will interrogate the different NT techniques, including a discussion on the available safety and efficacy data of these technologies for mtDNA disease prevention. In addition, we appraise the evidence for the translational use of NT technologies in infertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We propose to review the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical use of NT to prevent mitochondrial disease. SEARCH METHODS The scientific literature was investigated by searching PubMed database until Jan 2017. Relevant documents from Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority as well as reports from both the scientific and popular media were also implemented. The above searches were based on the following key words: 'mitochondria', 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'mitochondrial DNA disease', 'fertility'; 'preimplantation genetic diagnosis', 'nuclear transfer', 'mitochondrial replacement' and 'mitochondrial donation'. OUTCOMES While NT techniques have been shown to effectively reduce the transmission of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in animal models, and increasing evidence supports their use to prevent the transmission of human mtDNA disease, the need for robust, long-term evaluation is still warranted. Moreover, prenatal screening would still be strongly advocated in combination with the use of these IVF-based technologies. Scientific evidence to support the use of NT and other novel reproductive techniques for infertility is currently lacking. WIDER IMPLICATIONS It is mandatory that any new ART treatments are first adequately assessed in both animal and human models before the cautious implementation of these new therapeutic approaches is clinically undertaken. There is growing evidence to suggest that the translation of these innovative technologies into clinical practice should be cautiously adopted only in highly selected patients. Indeed, given the limited safety and efficacy data, close monitoring of any offspring remains paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mao-Xing Tang
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burr SP, Pezet M, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy and Purifying Selection in the Mammalian Female Germ Line. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:21-32. [PMID: 29363102 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the mitochondrial (mt)DNA are a major cause of human disease, with approximately 1 in 5000 people affected by one of the hundreds of identified pathogenic mtDNA point mutations or deletions. Due to the severe, and often untreatable, symptoms of many mitochondrial diseases, identifying how these mutations are inherited from one generation to the next has been an area of intense research in recent years. Despite large advances in our understanding of this complex process, many questions remain unanswered, with one of the most hotly debated being whether or not purifying selection acts against pathogenic mutations during germline development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Burr
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikael Pezet
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Greenfield A, Braude P, Flinter F, Lovell-Badge R, Ogilvie C, Perry ACF. Assisted reproductive technologies to prevent human mitochondrial disease transmission. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:1059-1068. [PMID: 29121011 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cytoplasmic organelles that generate energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation and mediate key cellular processes such as apoptosis. They are maternally inherited and in humans contain a 16,569-base-pair circular genome (mtDNA) encoding 37 genes required for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations in mtDNA cause a range of pathologies, commonly affecting energy-demanding tissues such as muscle and brain. Because mitochondrial diseases are incurable, attention has focused on limiting the inheritance of pathogenic mtDNA by mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT). MRT aims to avoid pathogenic mtDNA transmission between generations by maternal spindle transfer, pronuclear transfer or polar body transfer: all involve the transfer of nuclear DNA from an egg or zygote containing defective mitochondria to a corresponding egg or zygote with normal mitochondria. Here we review recent developments in animal and human models of MRT and the underlying biology. These have led to potential clinical applications; we identify challenges to their technical refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Greenfield
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Peter Braude
- Division of Women's Health, King's College, London, UK
| | - Frances Flinter
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | | | - Caroline Ogilvie
- Genetics Department, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Women's Health, King's College, London, UK
| | - Anthony C F Perry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Steffann J, Bonnefont JP, Frydman N. [Nuclear transfer to prevent transmission of mtDNA disorders: where are we?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:642-645. [PMID: 28990567 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173306022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent birth from a mitochondrial DNA mutation carrier of a child, conceived after transfer in a donor oocyte of the meiotic spindle, taken from the maternal oocyte, revived the debate on the safety of these procedures. The doubts concern mainly the possibility of genetic reversion, the uncertainties about potential disturbances of the dialogue between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and the side effects of a heteroplasmic state induced by these techniques. The possibility to expand nuclear transfer applications to patients experiencing in vitro fertilization failure, urges us to answer these questions rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Steffann
- Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Imagine UMR 1163, et Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Imagine UMR 1163, et Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Nelly Frydman
- AP-HP, Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère Clamart, F-92140, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Z, Wang Y, Lin J, Xu J, Ding G, Huang H. Genetic and epigenetic risks of assisted reproduction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 44:90-104. [PMID: 28844405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used primarily for infertility treatments to achieve pregnancy and involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation. Moreover, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of ART is used in couples for genetic reasons. In ART treatments, gametes and zygotes are exposed to a series of non-physiological processes and culture media. Although the majority of children born with this treatment are healthy, some concerns remain regarding the safety of this technology. Animal studies and follow-up studies of ART-borne children suggested that ART was associated with an increased incidence of genetic, physical, or developmental abnormalities, although there are also observations that contradict these findings. As IVF, ICSI, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, and PGD manipulate gametes and embryo at a time that is important for reprogramming, they may affect epigenetic stability, leading to gamete/embryo origins of adult diseases. In fact, ART offspring have been reported to have an increased risk of gamete/embryo origins of adult diseases, such as early-onset diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and so on. In this review, we will discuss evidence related to genetic, especially epigenetic, risks of assisted reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Jiang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyu Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Modulating mitochondrial quality in disease transmission: towards enabling mitochondrial DNA disease carriers to have healthy children. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1091-100. [PMID: 27528757 PMCID: PMC4984448 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One in 400 people has a maternally inherited mutation in mtDNA potentially causing incurable disease. In so-called heteroplasmic disease, mutant and normal mtDNA co-exist in the cells of carrier women. Disease severity depends on the proportion of inherited abnormal mtDNA molecules. Families who have had a child die of severe, maternally inherited mtDNA disease need reliable information on the risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. However, prenatal diagnosis and even estimates of risk are fraught with uncertainty because of the complex and stochastic dynamics of heteroplasmy. These complications include an mtDNA bottleneck, whereby hard-to-predict fluctuations in the proportions of mutant and normal mtDNA may arise between generations. In ‘mitochondrial replacement therapy’ (MRT), damaged mitochondria are replaced with healthy ones in early human development, using nuclear transfer. We are developing non-invasive alternatives, notably activating autophagy, a cellular quality control mechanism, in which damaged cellular components are engulfed by autophagosomes. This approach could be used in combination with MRT or with the regular management, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Mathematical theory, supported by recent experiments, suggests that this strategy may be fruitful in controlling heteroplasmy. Using mice that are transgenic for fluorescent LC3 (the hallmark of autophagy) we quantified autophagosomes in cleavage stage embryos. We confirmed that the autophagosome count peaks in four-cell embryos and this correlates with a drop in the mtDNA content of the whole embryo. This suggests removal by mitophagy (mitochondria-specific autophagy). We suggest that modulating heteroplasmy by activating mitophagy may be a useful complement to mitochondrial replacement therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sallevelt SCEH, Dreesen JCFM, Coonen E, Paulussen ADC, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Die-Smulders CEM, Smeets HJM, Lindsey P. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for mitochondrial DNA mutations: analysis of one blastomere suffices. J Med Genet 2017; 54:693-697. [PMID: 28668821 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a reproductive strategy for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation carriers, strongly reducing their risk of affected offspring. Embryos either without the mutation or with mutation load below the phenotypic threshold are transferred to the uterus. Because of incidental heteroplasmy deviations in single blastomere and the relatively limited data available, we so far preferred relying on two blastomeres rather than one. Considering the negative effect of a two-blastomere biopsy protocol compared with a single-blastomere biopsy protocol on live birth delivery rate, we re-evaluated the error rate in our current dataset. METHODS For the m.3243A>G mutation, sufficient embryos/blastomeres were available for a powerful analysis. The diagnostic error rate, defined as a potential false-negative result, based on a threshold of 15%, was determined in 294 single blastomeres analysed in 73 embryos of 9 female m.3243A>G mutation carriers. RESULTS Only one out of 294 single blastomeres (0.34%) would have resulted in a false-negative diagnosis. False-positive diagnoses were not detected. CONCLUSION Our findings support a single-blastomere biopsy PGD protocol for the m.3243A>G mutation as the diagnostic error rate is very low. As in the early preimplantation embryo no mtDNA replication seems to occur and the mtDNA is divided randomly among the daughter cells, we conclude this result to be independent of the specific mutation and therefore applicable to all mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Slone J, Zhang J, Huang T. Experience from the First Live-Birth Derived From Oocyte Nuclear Transfer as a Treatment Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. J Mol Genet Med 2017; 11. [PMID: 29118824 PMCID: PMC5673251 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio-45229, USA
| | - J Zhang
- New Hope Fertility Center, 4 Columbus Circle, New York, NY10019, USA
| | - T Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio-45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic disorders that are characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation and caused by mutations in genes in the nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that encode structural mitochondrial proteins or proteins involved in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial diseases are the most common group of inherited metabolic disorders and are among the most common forms of inherited neurological disorders. One of the challenges of mitochondrial diseases is the marked clinical variation seen in patients, which can delay diagnosis. However, advances in next-generation sequencing techniques have substantially improved diagnosis, particularly in children. Establishing a genetic diagnosis allows patients with mitochondrial diseases to have reproductive options, but this is more challenging for women with pathogenetic mtDNA mutations that are strictly maternally inherited. Recent advances in in vitro fertilization techniques, including mitochondrial donation, will offer a better reproductive choice for these women in the future. The treatment of patients with mitochondrial diseases remains a challenge, but guidelines are available to manage the complications of disease. Moreover, an increasing number of therapeutic options are being considered, and with the development of large cohorts of patients and biomarkers, several clinical trials are in progress.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hyslop LA, Blakeley P, Craven L, Richardson J, Fogarty NME, Fragouli E, Lamb M, Wamaitha SE, Prathalingam N, Zhang Q, O'Keefe H, Takeda Y, Arizzi L, Alfarawati S, Tuppen HA, Irving L, Kalleas D, Choudhary M, Wells D, Murdoch AP, Turnbull DM, Niakan KK, Herbert M. Towards clinical application of pronuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disease. Nature 2016; 534:383-6. [PMID: 27281217 PMCID: PMC5131843 DOI: 10.1038/nature18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are maternally inherited and are associated with a broad range of debilitating and fatal diseases. Reproductive technologies designed to uncouple the inheritance of mtDNA from nuclear DNA may enable affected women to have a genetically related child with a greatly reduced risk of mtDNA disease. Here we report the first preclinical studies on pronuclear transplantation (PNT). Surprisingly, techniques used in proof-of-concept studies involving abnormally fertilized human zygotes were not well tolerated by normally fertilized zygotes. We have therefore developed an alternative approach based on transplanting pronuclei shortly after completion of meiosis rather than shortly before the first mitotic division. This promotes efficient development to the blastocyst stage with no detectable effect on aneuploidy or gene expression. After optimization, mtDNA carryover was reduced to <2% in the majority (79%) of PNT blastocysts. The importance of reducing carryover to the lowest possible levels is highlighted by a progressive increase in heteroplasmy in a stem cell line derived from a PNT blastocyst with 4% mtDNA carryover. We conclude that PNT has the potential to reduce the risk of mtDNA disease, but it may not guarantee prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Hyslop
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Paul Blakeley
- The Francis Crick Institute, Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jessica Richardson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Norah M E Fogarty
- The Francis Crick Institute, Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Elpida Fragouli
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK
| | - Mahdi Lamb
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sissy E Wamaitha
- The Francis Crick Institute, Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Nilendran Prathalingam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Qi Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hannah O'Keefe
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lucia Arizzi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Samer Alfarawati
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK
| | - Helen A Tuppen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Irving
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Dimitrios Kalleas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Meenakshi Choudhary
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Dagan Wells
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison P Murdoch
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Douglass M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- The Francis Crick Institute, Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Engelstad K, Sklerov M, Kriger J, Sanford A, Grier J, Ash D, Egli D, DiMauro S, Thompson JLP, Sauer MV, Hirano M. Attitudes toward prevention of mtDNA-related diseases through oocyte mitochondrial replacement therapy. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1058-65. [PMID: 26936885 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Among women who carry pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations and healthy oocyte donors, what are the levels of support for developing oocyte mitochondrial replacement therapy (OMRT) to prevent transmission of mtDNA mutations? SUMMARY ANSWER The majority of mtDNA carriers and oocyte donors support the development of OMRT techniques to prevent transmission of mtDNA diseases. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Point mutations of mtDNA cause a variety of maternally inherited human diseases that are frequently disabling and often fatal. Recent developments in (OMRT) as well as pronuclear transfer between embryos offer new potential options to prevent transmission of mtDNA disease. However, it is unclear whether the non-scientific community will approve of embryos that contain DNA from three people. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between 1 June 2012 through 12 February 2015, we administered surveys in cross-sectional studies of 92 female carriers of mtDNA point mutations and 112 healthy oocyte donors. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The OMRT carrier survey was completed by 92 female carriers of an mtDNA point mutation. Carriers were recruited through the North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC), the United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation (UMDF), patient support groups, research and private patients followed at the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) and patients' referrals of maternal relatives. The OMRT donor survey was completed by 112 women who had donated oocytes through a major ITALIC! in vitro fertilization clinic. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All carriers surveyed were aware that they could transmit the mutation to their offspring, with 78% (35/45) of women, who were of childbearing age, indicating that the risk was sufficient to consider not having children, and 95% (87/92) of all carriers designating that the development of this technique was important and worthwhile. Of the 21 surveyed female carriers considering childbearing, 20 (95%) considered having their own biological offspring somewhat or very important and 16 of the 21 respondents (76%) were willing to donate oocytes for research and development. Of 112 healthy oocyte donors who completed the OMRT donor survey, 97 (87%) indicated that they would donate oocytes for generating a viable embryo through OMRT. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Many of the participants were either patients or relatives of patients who were already enrolled in a research-oriented database, or who sought care in a tertiary research university setting, indicating a potential sampling bias. The survey was administered to a select group of individuals, who carry, or are at risk for carrying, mtDNA point mutations. These individuals are more likely to have been affected by the mutation or have witnessed first-hand the devastating effects of these mutations. It has not been established whether the general public would be supportive of this work. This survey did not explicitly address alternatives to OMRT. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study indicating a high level of interest in the development of these methods among women affected by the diseases or who are at risk of carrying mtDNA mutations as well as willingness of most donors to provide oocytes for the development of OMRT. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was conducted under the auspices of the NAMDC (Study Protocol 7404). NAMDC (U54NS078059) is part of the NCATS Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). RDCRN is an initiative of the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) and NCATS. NAMDC is funded through a collaboration between NCATS, NINDS, NICHD and NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. The work was also supported by the Bernard and Anne Spitzer Fund and the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF). Dr Hirano has received research support from Santhera Pharmaceuticals and Edison Pharmaceuticals for studies unrelated to this work. None of the other authors have conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Engelstad
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miriam Sklerov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Kriger
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra Sanford
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Johnston Grier
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Ash
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John L P Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark V Sauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Richardson J, Irving L, Hyslop LA, Choudhary M, Murdoch A, Turnbull DM, Herbert M. Concise reviews: Assisted reproductive technologies to prevent transmission of mitochondrial DNA disease. Stem Cells 2015; 33:639-45. [PMID: 25377180 PMCID: PMC4359624 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While the fertilized egg inherits its nuclear DNA from both parents, the mitochondrial DNA is strictly maternally inherited. Cells contain multiple copies of mtDNA, each of which encodes 37 genes, which are essential for energy production by oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations can be present in all, or only in some copies of mtDNA. If present above a certain threshold, pathogenic mtDNA mutations can cause a range of debilitating and fatal diseases. Here, we provide an update of currently available options and new techniques under development to reduce the risk of transmitting mtDNA disease from mother to child. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a commonly used technique to detect mutations in nuclear DNA, is currently being offered to determine the mutation load of embryos produced by women who carry mtDNA mutations. The available evidence indicates that cells removed from an eight-cell embryo are predictive of the mutation load in the entire embryo, indicating that PGD provides an effective risk reduction strategy for women who produce embryos with low mutation loads. For those who do not, research is now focused on meiotic nuclear transplantation techniques to uncouple the inheritance of nuclear and mtDNA. These approaches include transplantation of any one of the products or female meiosis (meiosis II spindle, or either of the polar bodies) between oocytes, or the transplantation of pronuclei between fertilized eggs. In all cases, the transferred genetic material arises from a normal meiosis and should therefore, not be confused with cloning. The scientific progress and associated regulatory issues are discussed. Stem Cells2015;33:639–645
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Richardson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smeets HJ, Sallevelt SC, Dreesen JC, de Die-Smulders CE, de Coo IF. Preventing the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders using prenatal or preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1350:29-36. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert J.M. Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C.E.H. Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Jos C.F.M. Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Christine E.M. de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F.M. de Coo
- Department of Neurology; Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Johnston IG, Burgstaller JP, Havlicek V, Kolbe T, Rülicke T, Brem G, Poulton J, Jones NS. Stochastic modelling, Bayesian inference, and new in vivo measurements elucidate the debated mtDNA bottleneck mechanism. eLife 2015; 4:e07464. [PMID: 26035426 PMCID: PMC4486817 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dangerous damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be ameliorated during mammalian development through a highly debated mechanism called the mtDNA bottleneck. Uncertainty surrounding this process limits our ability to address inherited mtDNA diseases. We produce a new, physically motivated, generalisable theoretical model for mtDNA populations during development, allowing the first statistical comparison of proposed bottleneck mechanisms. Using approximate Bayesian computation and mouse data, we find most statistical support for a combination of binomial partitioning of mtDNAs at cell divisions and random mtDNA turnover, meaning that the debated exact magnitude of mtDNA copy number depletion is flexible. New experimental measurements from a wild-derived mtDNA pairing in mice confirm the theoretical predictions of this model. We analytically solve a mathematical description of this mechanism, computing probabilities of mtDNA disease onset, efficacy of clinical sampling strategies, and effects of potential dynamic interventions, thus developing a quantitative and experimentally-supported stochastic theory of the bottleneck. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07464.001 Mitochondria are structures that provide vital sources of energy in our cells. DNA contained within mitochondria encodes important mitochondrial machinery, and most human cells contain hundreds or thousands of mitochondrial DNA molecules in addition to the DNA that is stored in the nucleus. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from mothers via the egg, and the details of this inheritance are poorly understood. This question is important because inherited mistakes in mitochondrial DNA can have detrimental consequences on health, with links to fatal diseases and many other conditions. An unfertilised egg cell contains many copies of mitochondrial DNA molecules; some may have mutations and some may not. After fertilisation, the egg divides, the number of cells in the developing embryo increases, and the number of mitochondrial DNA molecules per cell changes. If the original egg cell contained defective mitochondrial DNA, some of these new cells end up containing more defective copies than others, leading to cell-to-cell differences in the developing embryo. This potentially allows cells with the greatest number of defective mitochondria to be eliminated. The increase in this cell-to-cell variability is called ‘bottlenecking’, and its mechanism remains highly debated. Johnston et al. have now used tools from maths, statistics and new experiments to address this debate, in the light of several studies that measured the mitochondrial DNA content in developing mice. This approach allowed a new theoretical model of mitochondrial DNA during the growth of an organism to be produced, which encompasses a wide range of existing theories and allows them to be compared. This model starts from the viewpoint that the hundreds or thousands of mitochondrial DNA molecules in a cell can be thought of as a population undergoing random ‘birth’ and ‘death’, and it allows the first statistical comparison of the many proposed bottleneck mechanisms. Johnston et al. find support for two ways that cells segregate mitochondria as they multiply, and show that the decrease in the number of mitochondrial DNA molecules during bottlenecking is flexible. This reconciles a debate amongst previous studies. These findings are confirmed using new experimental data from mice, which are genetically distinct from existing studies, illustrating the generality of the model's findings. Furthermore, an analytic mathematical description that describes in detail how bottlenecking might work is produced. Finally, Johnston et al. provide examples using this new theoretical model to suggest therapeutic strategies for diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. Future work will need to test these suggestions, and link mathematical understanding of mitochondria with healthcare data. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07464.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg P Burgstaller
- Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, IFA Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Vitezslav Havlicek
- Reproduction Centre Wieselburg, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jo Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick S Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitalipov S, Amato P, Parry S, Falk MJ. Limitations of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for mitochondrial DNA diseases. Cell Rep 2015; 7:935-7. [PMID: 24856294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Paula Amato
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Steffann J, Gigarel N, Samuels DC, Monnot S, Borghese R, Hesters L, Frydman N, Burlet P, Frydman R, Benachi A, Rotig A, Munnich A, Bonnefont JP. Data from artificial models of mitochondrial DNA disorders are not always applicable to humans. Cell Rep 2015; 7:933-4. [PMID: 24856293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Steffann
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Nadine Gigarel
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - David C Samuels
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Sophie Monnot
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Roxana Borghese
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Laetitia Hesters
- Service de Biologie et Génétique de la Reproduction, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - Nelly Frydman
- Service de Biologie et Génétique de la Reproduction, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - Philippe Burlet
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - René Frydman
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Unité INSERM U782, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - Agnes Rotig
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Université Paris-Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE and INSERM U781; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Herbert M, Turnbull D. Mitochondrial replacement to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disease. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:539-40. [PMID: 25888328 PMCID: PMC4428042 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wells D, Kaur K, Grifo J, Glassner M, Taylor JC, Fragouli E, Munne S. Clinical utilisation of a rapid low-pass whole genome sequencing technique for the diagnosis of aneuploidy in human embryos prior to implantation. J Med Genet 2015; 51:553-62. [PMID: 25031024 PMCID: PMC4112454 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of human embryos created using in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques are aneuploid. Comprehensive chromosome screening methods, applicable to single cells biopsied from preimplantation embryos, allow reliable identification and transfer of euploid embryos. Recently, randomised trials using such methods have indicated that aneuploidy screening improves IVF success rates. However, the high cost of testing has restricted the availability of this potentially beneficial strategy. This study aimed to harness next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, with the intention of lowering the costs of preimplantation aneuploidy screening. METHODS Embryo biopsy, whole genome amplification and semiconductor sequencing. RESULTS A rapid (<15 h) NGS protocol was developed, with consumable cost only two-thirds that of the most widely used method for embryo aneuploidy detection. Validation involved blinded analysis of 54 cells from cell lines or biopsies from human embryos. Sensitivity and specificity were 100%. The method was applied clinically, assisting in the selection of euploid embryos in two IVF cycles, producing healthy children in both cases. The NGS approach was also able to reveal specified mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes in parallel with chromosome assessment. Interestingly, elevated mitochondrial DNA content was associated with aneuploidy (p<0.05), a finding suggestive of a link between mitochondria and chromosomal malsegregation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NGS provides highly accurate, low-cost diagnosis of aneuploidy in cells from human preimplantation embryos and is rapid enough to allow testing without embryo cryopreservation. The method described also has the potential to shed light on other aspects of embryo genetics of relevance to health and viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Wells
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kulvinder Kaur
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Grifo
- New York University Fertility Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jenny C Taylor
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Elpida Fragouli
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hens K, Dondorp W, de Wert G. A leap of faith? An interview study with professionals on the use of mitochondrial replacement to avoid transfer of mitochondrial diseases. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1256-62. [PMID: 25790821 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the opinions of professionals in the field of genetics, reproductive science and metabolic diseases on the development of mitochondrial replacement technologies to be used in the context of medically assisted reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER Although concerns regarding safety remain, interviewees supported the development of nuclear transfer techniques to help women who are at risk of transferring a mitochondrial DNA disease to their offspring conceive a genetically related child. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Technological developments in the field of nuclear transfer have sparked new interest in the debate on the acceptability of the use of donor oocytes to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases. For example, in the UK, extensive public consultations have been done to investigate whether such techniques would allow the passing of a law that involves making changes to a human oocyte or embryo before transfer to a woman's body. Until now, continental European countries seem to await the outcome of the British debate before themselves considering the arguments for and against this technology. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION We interviewed 12 professionals from Belgium and The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS We conducted 12 interviews with fertility specialists, scientists, clinical geneticists, a pediatrician specialized in metabolic diseases and a specialist in metabolic diseases. The profiles of the interviewees varied but all had experience with mitochondrial diseases, either in treating patients or in providing counseling to patients or to prospective parents. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and took 30-45 min. The language of the interviews was Dutch. We analyzed the transcript of these interviews using QSR NVIVO 10 software to extract themes and categories. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE This study has shown that, although amongst the professionals we interviewed there was support for the development and deployment of nuclear transfer, this support does not necessarily correspond to uniform opinions about the importance of having a genetically own child or the contribution of mitochondrial DNA to essential characteristics of an individual. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In translating the quotes from Dutch to English some of the linguistic nuances may have been lost. We only interviewed 12 individuals, in two countries, whose view may not be representative of existing values and opinions that may be held by professionals worldwide on this matter. To further explore the issue at hand, a subsequent investigation of the opinions of people affected by mitochondrial diseases and of the general public is necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS With this study we have demonstrated there is in principle support for the nuclear transfer technique from Dutch and Belgian professionals. Further research, both scientific and ethical, is needed to define the modalities of its possible introduction in the fertility clinic. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This research was funded by GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, The Netherlands. The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Hens
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wybo Dondorp
- Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences & GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de Wert
- Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences & GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steffann J, Monnot S, Bonnefont JP. mtDNA mutations variously impact mtDNA maintenance throughout the human embryofetal development. Clin Genet 2015; 88:416-24. [PMID: 25523230 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the largest generator of ATP in the cell. It is therefore expected that energy-requiring processes such as oocyte maturation, early embryonic or fetal development, would be adversely impacted in case of mitochondrial deficiency. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations constitute a spontaneous model of mitochondrial failure and offer the opportunity to study the consequences of energetic defects over fertility and embryofetal development. This review provides an update on the mtDNA metabolism in the early preimplantation embryo, and compiles data showing the impact of mtDNA mutations over mtDNA segregation. Despite convincing evidences about the essential role of mitochondria in oogenesis and preimplantation development, no correlation between the presence of a mtDNA mutation and fertilization failure, impaired oocyte quality, or embryofetal development arrest was found. In some cases, mutant cells might upregulate their mitochondrial content to overcome the bioenergetic defects induced by mtDNA mutations, and might escape negative selection. Finally we discuss some of the clinical consequences of these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Steffann
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - S Monnot
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - J-P Bonnefont
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
De Praeter C, Vanlander A, Vanhaesebrouck P, Smet J, Seneca S, De Sutter P, Van Coster R. Extremely high mutation load of the mitochondrial 8993 T>G mutation in a newborn: implications for prognosis and family planning decisions. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:267-70. [PMID: 25009317 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The propositus presented with hypotonia, respiratory failure, and seizures in the newborn period and was found to have severe hyperlactacidemia and a hypertrophic heart. He carried a de novo pathogenic mutation (m.8993 T>G) in the gene encoding subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATP synthase (MTATP6). Although the lactate concentration in serum normalized and the proband recovered after a short period at the neonatal intensive care unit, his ultimate motor and cognitive development was poor. Brain MRI at the age of 6 months showed bilaterally signal abnormalities in the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, and mesencephalon. He died at the age of 9 months. The difficulty in genetic counseling in families with a maternal mitochondrial mutation disorder is emphasized. CONCLUSION Here, we report on a neonate with the m.8993 T>G mutation and emphasize implications of mtDNA disorders on family planning decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine De Praeter
- Department of Neonatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Burgstaller JP, Johnston IG, Poulton J. Mitochondrial DNA disease and developmental implications for reproductive strategies. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:11-22. [PMID: 25425607 PMCID: PMC4275042 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are potentially severe, incurable diseases resulting from dysfunctional mitochondria. Several important mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the genetic material contained within mitochondria, which is maternally inherited. Classical and modern therapeutic approaches exist to address the inheritance of mtDNA disease, but are potentially complicated by the fact that cellular mtDNA populations evolve according to poorly-understood dynamics during development and organismal lifetimes. We review these therapeutic approaches and models of mtDNA dynamics during development, and discuss the implications of recent results from these models for modern mtDNA therapies. We particularly highlight mtDNA segregation—differences in proliferative rates between different mtDNA haplotypes—as a potential and underexplored issue in such therapies. However, straightforward strategies exist to combat this and other potential therapeutic problems. In particular, we describe haplotype matching as an approach with the power to potentially ameliorate any expected issues from mtDNA incompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Patrick Burgstaller
- Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, 3430 Tulln, Austria Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nesbitt V, Alston CL, Blakely EL, Fratter C, Feeney CL, Poulton J, Brown GK, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW, McFarland R. A national perspective on prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1255-9. [PMID: 24642831 PMCID: PMC4200441 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases affect >1 in 7500 live births and may be due to mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). Genetic counselling for families with mitochondrial diseases, especially those due to mtDNA mutations, provides unique and difficult challenges particularly in relation to disease transmission and prevention. We have experienced an increasing demand for prenatal diagnostic testing from families affected by mitochondrial disease since we first offered this service in 2007. We review the diagnostic records of the 62 prenatal samples (17 mtDNA and 45 nDNA) analysed since 2007, the reasons for testing, mutation investigated and the clinical outcome. Our findings indicate that prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease is reliable and informative for the nuclear and selected mtDNA mutations we have tested. Where available, the results of mtDNA heteroplasmy analyses from other family members are helpful in interpreting the prenatal mtDNA test result. This is particularly important when the mutation is rare or the mtDNA heteroplasmy is observed at intermediate levels. At least 11 cases of mitochondrial disease were prevented following prenatal testing, 3 of which were mtDNA disease. On the basis of our results, we believe that prenatal testing for mitochondrial disease is an important option for couples where appropriate genetic analyses and pre/post-test counselling can be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nesbitt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, The Medical School, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma L Blakely
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl Fratter
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine L Feeney
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Garry K Brown
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, The Medical School, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, The Medical School, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, The Medical School, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Assessment of nuclear transfer techniques to prevent the transmission of heritable mitochondrial disorders without compromising embryonic development competence in mice. Mitochondrion 2014; 18:27-33. [PMID: 25229667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate and compare mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) carry-over and embryonic development potential between different nuclear transfer techniques we performed germinal vesicle nuclear transfer (GV NT), metaphase-II spindle-chromosome-complex (MII-SCC) transfer and pronuclear transfer (PNT) in mice. No detectable mtDNA carry-over was seen in most of the reconstructed oocytes and embryos. No significant differences were seen in mtDNA carry-over rate between GV NT (n=20), MII-SCC transfer (0.29 ± 0.63; n=21) and PNT (0.29 ± 0.75; n=25). Blastocyst formation was not compromised after either PNT (88%; n=18) or MII-SCC transfer (86%; n=27). Further analysis of blastomeres from cleaving embryos (n=8) demonstrated undetectable mtDNA carry-over in all but one blastomere. We show that NT in the germ line is potent to prevent transmission of heritable mtDNA disorders with the applicability for patients attempting reproduction.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang T, Sha H, Ji D, Zhang HL, Chen D, Cao Y, Zhu J. Polar body genome transfer for preventing the transmission of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Cell 2014; 157:1591-604. [PMID: 24949971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inherited mtDNA diseases transmit maternally and cause severe phenotypes. Currently, there is no effective therapy or genetic screens for these diseases; however, nuclear genome transfer between patients' and healthy eggs to replace mutant mtDNAs holds promises. Considering that a polar body contains few mitochondria and shares the same genomic material as an oocyte, we perform polar body transfer to prevent the transmission of mtDNA variants. We compare the effects of different types of germline genome transfer, including spindle-chromosome transfer, pronuclear transfer, and first and second polar body transfer, in mice. Reconstructed embryos support normal fertilization and produce live offspring. Importantly, genetic analysis confirms that the F1 generation from polar body transfer possesses minimal donor mtDNA carryover compared to the F1 generation from other procedures. Moreover, the mtDNA genotype remains stable in F2 progeny after polar body transfer. Our preclinical model demonstrates polar body transfer has great potential to prevent inherited mtDNA diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongying Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital Affiliated for Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Helen L Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dawei Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital Affiliated for Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital Affiliated for Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Heindryckx B, Neupane J, Vandewoestyne M, Christodoulou C, Jackers Y, Gerris J, Van den Abbeel E, Van Coster R, Deforce D, De Sutter P. Mutation-free baby born from a mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like syndrome carrier after blastocyst trophectoderm preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Mitochondrion 2014; 18:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
43
|
Yan L, Wei Y, Huang J, Zhu X, Shi X, Xia X, Yan J, Lu C, Lian Y, Li R, Liu P, Qiao J. Advances in preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:665-71. [PMID: 24907939 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LiYing Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mitalipov S, Amato P, Parry S, Falk MJ. Limitations of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for mitochondrial DNA diseases. Cell Rep 2014. [PMID: 24856294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.004.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Paula Amato
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chinnery PF, Craven L, Mitalipov S, Stewart JB, Herbert M, Turnbull DM. The challenges of mitochondrial replacement. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004315. [PMID: 24762741 PMCID: PMC3998882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Douglass M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Amato P, Tachibana M, Sparman M, Mitalipov S. Three-parent in vitro fertilization: gene replacement for the prevention of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:31-5. [PMID: 24382342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The exchange of nuclear genetic material between oocytes and embryos offers a novel reproductive option for the prevention of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a significant cause of a number of serious multiorgan diseases. Tissues with a high metabolic demand, such as brain, heart, muscle, and central nervous system, are often affected. Mitochondrial disease can be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial function. There is no curative treatment for patients with mitochondrial disease. Given the lack of treatments and the limitations of prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis, attention has focused on prevention of transmission of mitochondrial disease through germline gene replacement therapy. Because mitochondrial DNA is strictly maternally inherited, two approaches have been proposed. In the first, the nuclear genome from the pronuclear stage zygote of an affected woman is transferred to an enucleated donor zygote. A second technique involves transfer of the metaphase II spindle from the unfertilized oocyte of an affected woman to an enucleated donor oocyte. Our group recently reported successful spindle transfer between human oocytes, resulting in blastocyst development and embryonic stem cell derivation, with very low levels of heteroplasmy. In this review we summarize these novel assisted reproductive techniques and their use to prevent transmission of mitochondrial disorders. The promises and challenges are discussed, focusing on their potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Amato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Masahito Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michelle Sparman
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Transmitochondrial mice as models for primary prevention of diseases caused by mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3104-9. [PMID: 24510903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated transmitochondrial mice (mito-mice) that carry a mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene encoded by mtDNA for use in studies of its pathogenesis and transmission profiles. Because patients with mitochondrial diseases frequently carry mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) and tRNA(Leu(UUR)) genes, we focused our efforts on identifying somatic mutations of these genes in mouse lung carcinoma P29 cells. Of the 43 clones of PCR products including the tRNA(Lys) or tRNA(Leu(UUR)) genes in mtDNA of P29 cells, one had a potentially pathogenic mutation (G7731A) in the tRNA(Lys) gene. P29 subclones with predominant amounts of G7731A mtDNA expressed respiration defects, thus suggesting the pathogenicity of this mutation. We then transferred G7731A mtDNA into mouse ES cells and obtained F0 chimeric mice. Mating these F0 mice with C57BL/6J (B6) male mice resulted in the generation of F1 mice with G7731A mtDNA, named "mito-mice-tRNA(Lys7731)." Maternal inheritance and random segregation of G7731A mtDNA occurred in subsequent generations. Mito-mice-tRNA(Lys7731) with high proportions of G7731A mtDNA exclusively expressed respiration defects and disease-related phenotypes and therefore are potential models for mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) gene. Moreover, the proportion of mutated mtDNA varied markedly among the pups born to each dam, suggesting that selecting oocytes with high proportions of normal mtDNA from affected mothers with tRNA(Lys)-based mitochondrial diseases may be effective as a primary prevention for obtaining unaffected children.
Collapse
|
48
|
Smeets HJM. Preventing the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders: selecting the good guys or kicking out the bad guys. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:599-610. [PMID: 24135157 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders represent the most common group of inborn errors of metabolism. Clinical manifestations can be extremely variable, ranging from single affected tissues to multisystemic syndromes. Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are a frequent cause, affecting about one in 5000 individuals. The expression of mtDNA mutations differs from nuclear gene defects. Mutations are either homoplasmic or heteroplasmic, and in the latter case disease becomes manifest when the mutation load exceeds a tissue-specific threshold. Mutation load can vary between tissues and in time, and often an exact correlation between mutation load and clinical manifestations is lacking. Because of the possible clinical severity, the lack of treatment and the high recurrence risk of affected offspring for female carriers, couples request prevention of transmission of mtDNA mutations. Previously, choices have been limited due to a segregational bottleneck, which makes the mtDNA mutation load in embryos highly variable and the consequences largely unpredictable. However, recently it was shown that preimplantation genetic diagnosis offers a fair chance of unaffected offspring to carriers of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations. Technically and ethically challenging possibilities, such maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer, are emerging and providing carriers additional prospects of giving birth to a healthy child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert J M Smeets
- Unit Clinical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Growth and Development and for Cardiovascular Research, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Van der Aa N, Zamani Esteki M, Vermeesch JR, Voet T. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis guided by single-cell genomics. Genome Med 2013; 5:71. [PMID: 23998893 PMCID: PMC3979122 DOI: 10.1186/gm475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) aims to help couples with heritable genetic disorders to avoid the birth of diseased offspring or the recurrence of loss of conception. Following in vitro fertilization, one or a few cells are biopsied from each human preimplantation embryo for genetic testing, allowing diagnosis and selection of healthy embryos for uterine transfer. Although classical methods, including single-cell PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization, enable PGD for many genetic disorders, they have limitations. They often require family-specific designs and can be labor intensive, resulting in long waiting lists. Furthermore, certain types of genetic anomalies are not easy to diagnose using these classical approaches, and healthy offspring carrying the parental mutant allele(s) can result. Recently, state-of-the-art methods for single-cell genomics have flourished, which may overcome the limitations associated with classical PGD, and these underpin the development of generic assays for PGD that enable selection of embryos not only for the familial genetic disorder in question, but also for various other genetic aberrations and traits at once. Here, we discuss the latest single-cell genomics methodologies based on DNA microarrays, single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays or next-generation sequence analysis. We focus on their strengths, their validation status, their weaknesses and the challenges for implementing them in PGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van der Aa
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium ; Single-cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rapid mitochondrial DNA segregation in primate preimplantation embryos precedes somatic and germline bottleneck. Cell Rep 2013; 1:506-15. [PMID: 22701816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing and mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segregation and transmission in mammals are poorly understood. Genetic bottleneck in female germ cells has been proposed as the main phenomenon responsible for rapid intergenerational segregation of heteroplasmic mtDNA. We demonstrate here that mtDNA segregation occurs during primate preimplantation embryogenesis resulting in partitioning of mtDNA variants between daughter blastomeres. A substantial shift toward homoplasmy occurred in fetuses and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from these heteroplasmic embryos. We also observed a wide range of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants distributed in individual oocytes recovered from these fetuses. Thus, we present here evidence for a previously unknown mtDNA segregation and bottleneck during preimplantation embryo development, suggesting that return to the homoplasmic condition can occur during development of an individual organism from the zygote to birth, without a passage through the germline.
Collapse
|