1
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Wang G. The Network Basis for the Structural Thermostability and the Functional Thermoactivity of Aldolase B. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041850. [PMID: 36838836 PMCID: PMC9959246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermostability is important for the thermoactivity of proteins including enzymes. However, it is still challenging to pinpoint the specific structural factors for different temperature thresholds to initiate their specific structural and functional perturbations. Here, graph theory was used to investigate how the temperature-dependent noncovalent interactions as identified in the structures of aldolase B and its prevalent A149P mutant could form a systematic fluidic grid-like mesh network with topological grids to regulate the structural thermostability and the functional thermoactivity upon cyclization against decyclization in an extended range of a subunit. The results showed that the biggest grid may determine the melting temperature thresholds for the changes in their secondary and tertiary structures and specific catalytic activities. Further, a highly conserved thermostable grid may serve as an anchor to secure the flexible active site to achieve the specific thermoactivity. Finally, higher grid-based systematic thermal instability may disfavor the thermoactivity. Thus, this computational study may provide critical clues for the structural thermostability and the functional thermoactivity of proteins including enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-Chemistry, Reno, NV 89523, USA
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2
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Tang M, Chen X, Ni Q, Lu Y, Wu B, Wang H, Yin Z, Zhou W, Dong X. Estimation of hereditary fructose intolerance prevalence in the Chinese population. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:326. [PMID: 36028839 PMCID: PMC9419342 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) caused by aldolase B reduction or deficiency that results in fructose metabolism disorder. The disease prevalence in the Chinese population is unknown, which impedes the formulation of HFI screening and diagnosis strategies. Materials and methods By searching a local cohort (Chinese Children’s Rare Disease Genetic Testing Clinical Collaboration System, CCGT) and public databases (ClinVar and Human Gene Mutation Database) and reviewing HFI-related literature, we manually curated ALDOB pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants according to ACMG guidelines. Allele frequency (AF) information from the local database CCGT and the public databases HuaBiao and gnomAD for ALDOB P/LP variants was used to estimate and the HFI prevalence in the Chinese population and other populations by the Bayesian framework. We collected the genotype and clinical characteristics of HFI patients from the CCGT database and published literature to study genotype–phenotype relationships. Result In total, 81 variants of ALDOB were curated as P/LP. The estimated Chinese HFI prevalence was approximately 1/504,678, which was much lower than that for non-Finland European (1/23,147), Finnish in Finland (1/55,539), admixed American (1/132,801) and Ashkenazi Jewish (1/263,150) populations. By analyzing the genetic characteristics of ALDOB in the Chinese population, two variants (A338V, A338G) had significantly higher AFs in the Chinese population than in the non-Finland European population from gnomAD (all P values < 0.05). Five variants (A150P, A175D, N335K, R60*, R304Q) had significantly lower AFs (all P values < 0.1). The genotype–phenotype association analyses were based on 68 reported HFI patients from a literature review and the CCGT database. The results showed that patients carrying homozygous variant sites (especially A150P) were more likely to present nausea, and patients carrying two missense variant sites were more likely to present aversion to sweets and fruit (all P values < 0.05). Our research reveals that some gastrointestinal symptoms seem to be associated with certain genotypes. Conclusion The prevalence of HFI in the Chinese population is extremely low, and there is no need to add HFI testing to the current newborn screening programs if medical costs are considered. A genetic testing strategy is suggested for early diagnosis of HFI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02487-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qi Ni
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong, 678400, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Pinheiro FC, Sperb-Ludwig F, Schwartz IVD. Epidemiological aspects of hereditary fructose intolerance: A database study. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1548-1566. [PMID: 34524712 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inborn error of fructose metabolism of autosomal recessive inheritance caused by pathogenic variants in the ALDOB gene that lead to aldolase B deficiency in the liver, kidneys, and intestine. Patients manifest symptoms, such as ketotic hypoglycemia, vomiting, nausea, in addition to hepatomegaly and other liver and kidney dysfunctions. The treatment consists of a fructose-restricted diet, which results in a good prognosis. To analyze the distribution of ALDOB variants described in patients and to estimate the prevalence of HFI based on carrier frequency in the gnomAD database, a systematic review was conducted to assess ALDOB gene variants among patients with HFI. The prevalence of HFI was estimated from the carrier frequency of variants described in patients, as well as rare variants predicted as pathogenic by in silico tools. The p.(Ala150Pro) and p.(Ala175Asp) variants are the most frequent and are distributed worldwide. However, these variants have particular distribution patterns in Europe. The analysis of the prevalence of HFI showed that the inclusion of rare alleles predicted as pathogenic is a more informative approach for populations with few patients. The data show that HFI has a wide distribution and an estimated prevalence of ~1:10,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele C Pinheiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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4
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Scorza M, Elce A, Zarrilli F, Liguori R, Amato F, Castaldo G. Genetic diseases that predispose to early liver cirrhosis. Int J Hepatol 2014; 2014:713754. [PMID: 25132997 PMCID: PMC4123515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/713754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited liver diseases are a group of metabolic and genetic defects that typically cause early chronic liver involvement. Most are due to a defect of an enzyme/transport protein that alters a metabolic pathway and exerts a pathogenic role mainly in the liver. The prevalence is variable, but most are rare pathologies. We review the pathophysiology of such diseases and the diagnostic contribution of laboratory tests, focusing on the role of molecular genetics. In fact, thanks to recent advances in genetics, molecular analysis permits early and specific diagnosis for most disorders and helps to reduce the invasive approach of liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Scorza
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ausilia Elce
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento 48, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Zarrilli
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy
| | - Renato Liguori
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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5
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Esposito G, Imperato MR, Ieno L, Sorvillo R, Benigno V, Parenti G, Parini R, Vitagliano L, Zagari A, Salvatore F. Hereditary fructose intolerance: functional study of two novel ALDOB natural variants and characterization of a partial gene deletion. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1294-303. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Coffee EM, Yerkes L, Ewen EP, Zee T, Tolan DR. Increased prevalence of mutant null alleles that cause hereditary fructose intolerance in the American population. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:33-42. [PMID: 20033295 PMCID: PMC2954661 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the aldolase B gene (ALDOB) impairing enzyme activity toward fructose-1-phosphate cleavage cause hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). Diagnosis of the disease is possible by identifying known mutant ALDOB alleles in suspected patients; however, the frequencies of mutant alleles can differ by population. Here, 153 American HFI patients with 268 independent alleles were analyzed to identify the prevalence of seven known HFI-causing alleles (A149P, A174D, N334K, Delta4E4, R59Op, A337V, and L256P) in this population. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis was performed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified genomic DNA from these patients. In the American population, the missense mutations A149P and A174D are the two most common alleles, with frequencies of 44% and 9%, respectively. In addition, the nonsense mutations Delta4E4 and R59Op are the next most common alleles, with each having a frequency of 4%. Together, the frequencies of all seven alleles make up 65% of HFI-causing alleles in this population. Worldwide, these same alleles make up 82% of HFI-causing mutations. This difference indicates that screening for common HFI alleles is more difficult in the American population. Nevertheless, a genetic screen for diagnosing HFI in America can be improved by including all seven alleles studied here. Lastly, identification of HFI patients presenting with classic symptoms and who have homozygous null genotypes indicates that aldolase B is not required for proper development or metabolic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Coffee
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Yerkes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ewen
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tiffany Zee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dean R. Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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7
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Davit-Spraul A, Costa C, Zater M, Habes D, Berthelot J, Broué P, Feillet F, Bernard O, Labrune P, Baussan C. Hereditary fructose intolerance: frequency and spectrum mutations of the aldolase B gene in a large patients cohort from France--identification of eight new mutations. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:443-447. [PMID: 18541450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) in 160 patients from 92 families by means of a PCR-based mutation screening strategy, consisting of restriction enzyme digestion and direct sequencing. Sixteen different mutations of the aldolase B (ALDOB) gene were identified in HFI patients. As in previous studies, p.A150P (64%), p.A175D (16%) and p.N335K (5%) were the most common mutated alleles, followed by p.R60X, p.A338V, c.360_363delCAAA (p.N120KfsX30), c.324G>A (p.K108K) and c.625-1G>A. Eight novel mutations were also identified in 10 families with HFI: a one-base deletion (c.146delT (p.V49GfsX27)), a small deletion (c.953del42bp), a small insertion (c.689ins TGCTAA (p.K230MfsX136)), one splice site mutation (c.112+1G>A), one nonsense mutation (c.444G>A (p.W148X)), and three missense mutations (c.170G>C (p.R57P), c.839C>A (p.A280P) and c.932T>C (p.L311P)). Our strategy allows to diagnose 75% of HFI patients using restriction enzymatic analysis and to enlarge the diagnosis to 97% of HFI patients when associated with direct sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Davit-Spraul
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Costa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
| | - Mokhtar Zater
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
| | - Dalila Habes
- Service d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - François Feillet
- Centre de référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Inserm U 724, CHU de Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Service d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Labrune
- Centre de référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Hôpital A.Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France et Université Paris XI, France
| | - Christiane Baussan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France et Université Paris XI, IFR Bicêtre, France
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8
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Chi ZN, Hong J, Yang J, Zhang HJ, Dai M, Cui B, Zhang Y, Gu WQ, Zhang YF, Liu QR, Wang WQ, Li XY, Ning G. Clinical and genetic analysis for a Chinese family with hereditary fructose intolerance. Endocrine 2007; 32:122-6. [PMID: 17955389 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inheritable disorder of fructose metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and caused by catalytic deficiency of aldolase B, which is critical for gluconeogenesis and fructose metabolism. The affected individuals develop severe hypoglycemia after taking foods containing fructose and cognate sugars. The exons 2-9 of the aldolase B (gene symbol ALDOB) gene from one Chinese HFI patient were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and direct sequence determination was applied to the amplified fragments. The mutation of a 4-bp (AACA) deletion (479_482 del) in exon 4 of ALDOB gene was identified in the patient, which had been reported to cause a frameshift at codon 118 and a truncated protein of 132 amino acids in the previous study. Then, the second case with the same homozygote deletion and eight cases with heterozygotes had been found through screening for the mutation c.479_482 del AACA in the whole family. This is the first report of HFI with the mutation c.479_482 del AACA in the ALDOB gene in a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Chi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shangai, China
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9
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Kriegshäuser G, Halsall D, Rauscher B, Oberkanins C. Semi-automated, reverse-hybridization detection of multiple mutations causing hereditary fructose intolerance. Mol Cell Probes 2007; 21:226-8. [PMID: 17292585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 12/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a potentially fatal nutritional disease that is caused by mutations in the liver isoenzyme of fructoaldolase (aldolase B). Our aim was to evaluate a diagnostic assay capable of simultaneously analyzing three-point mutations and a small deletion in the aldolase B (ALDOB) gene. The test under investigation is based on multiplex DNA amplification and hybridization to membrane strips presenting a parallel array of allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We used the novel reverse-hybridization (RH) protocol to analyze 54 individuals previously genotyped by direct sequencing. RH genotyping for ALDOB mutations Delta4E4, A149P, A174D, and N334K was in complete concordance with results obtained by DNA sequencing. The procedure is rapid (<6h) and may be automated to a large extent. The RH assay tested in this study represents an accurate and robust screening tool to identify common ALDOB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Kriegshäuser
- ViennaLab Diagnostics GmbH, Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 43-45, A-1120 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Malay AD, Allen KN, Tolan DR. Structure of the thermolabile mutant aldolase B, A149P: molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance. J Mol Biol 2005; 347:135-44. [PMID: 15733923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a potentially lethal inborn error in metabolism caused by mutations in the aldolase B gene, which is critical for gluconeogenesis and fructose metabolism. The most common mutation, which accounts for 53% of HFI alleles identified worldwide, results in substitution of Pro for Ala at position 149. Structural and functional investigations of human aldolase B with the A149P substitution (AP-aldolase) have shown that the mutation leads to losses in thermal stability, quaternary structure, and activity. X-ray crystallography is used to reveal the structural basis of these perturbations. Crystals of AP-aldolase are grown at two temperatures (4 degrees C and 18 degrees C), and the structure solved to 3.0 angstroms resolution, using the wild-type structure as the phasing model. The structures reveal that the single residue substitution, A149P, causes molecular disorder around the site of mutation (residues 148-159), which is propagated to three adjacent beta-strand and loop regions (residues 110-129, 189-199, 235-242). Disorder in the 110-129-loop region, which comprises one subunit-subunit interface, provides an explanation for the disrupted quaternary structure and thermal instability. Greater structural perturbation, particularly at a Glu189-Arg148 salt bridge in the active-site architecture, is observed in the structure determined at 18 degrees C, which could explain the temperature-dependent loss in activity. The disorder revealed in these structures is far greater than that predicted by homology modeling and underscores the difficulties in predicting perturbations of protein structure and function by homology modeling alone. The AP-aldolase structure reveals the molecular basis of a hereditary disease and represents one of only a few structures known for mutant proteins at the root of the thousands of other inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali D Malay
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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11
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Esposito G, Vitagliano L, Costanzo P, Borrelli L, Barone R, Pavone L, Izzo P, Zagari A, Salvatore F. Human aldolase A natural mutants: relationship between flexibility of the C-terminal region and enzyme function. Biochem J 2004; 380:51-6. [PMID: 14766013 PMCID: PMC1224144 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a new mutation in the FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) aldolase A gene in a child with suspected haemolytic anaemia associated with myopathic symptoms at birth and with a subsequent diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and pituitary ectopia. Sequence analysis of the whole gene, also performed on the patient's full-length cDNA, revealed only a Gly346-->Ser substitution in the heterozygous state. We expressed in a bacterial system the new aldolase A Gly346-->Ser mutant, and the Glu206-->Lys mutant identified by others, in a patient with an aldolase A deficit. Analysis of their functional profiles showed that the Gly346Ser mutant had the same Km as the wild-type enzyme, but a 4-fold lower kcat. The Glu206-->Lys mutant had a Km approx. 2-fold higher than that of both the Gly346-->Ser mutant and the wild-type enzyme, and a kcat value 40% less than the wild-type. The Gly346-->Ser and wild-type enzymes had the same Tm (melting temperature), which was approx. 6-7 degrees C higher than that of the Glu206-->Lys enzyme. An extensive molecular graphic analysis of the mutated enzymes, using human and rabbit aldolase A crystallographic structures, suggests that the Glu206-->Lys mutation destabilizes the aldolase A tetramer at the subunit interface, and highlights the fact that the glycine-to-serine substitution at position 346 limits the flexibility of the C-terminal region. These results also provide the first evidence that Gly346 is crucial for the correct conformation and function of aldolase A, because it governs the entry/release of the substrates into/from the enzyme cleft, and/or allows important C-terminal residues to approach the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Esposito G, Vitagliano L, Santamaria R, Viola A, Zagari A, Salvatore F. Structural and functional analysis of aldolase B mutants related to hereditary fructose intolerance. FEBS Lett 2002; 531:152-6. [PMID: 12417303 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a recessively inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by impaired function of human liver aldolase (B isoform). 25 enzyme-impairing mutations have been identified in the aldolase B gene. We have studied the HFI-related mutant recombinant proteins W147R, A149P, A174D, L256P, N334K and delta6ex6 in relation to aldolase B function and structure using kinetic assays and molecular graphics analysis. We found that these mutations affect aldolase B function by decreasing substrate affinity, maximal velocity and/or enzyme stability. Finally, the functional and structural analyses of the non-natural mutant Q354E provide insight into the catalytic role of Arg(303), whose natural mutants are associated to HFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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13
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Santamaria R, Esposito G, Vitagliano L, Race V, Paglionico I, Zancan L, Zagari A, Salvatore F. Functional and molecular modelling studies of two hereditary fructose intolerance-causing mutations at arginine 303 in human liver aldolase. Biochem J 2000; 350 Pt 3:823-8. [PMID: 10970798 PMCID: PMC1221316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a novel hereditary fructose intolerance mutation in the aldolase B gene (i.e. liver aldolase) that causes an arginine-to-glutamine substitution at residue 303 (Arg(303)-->Gln). We previously described another mutation (Arg(303)-->Trp) at the same residue. We have expressed the wild-type protein and the two mutated proteins and characterized their kinetic properties. The catalytic efficiency of protein Gln(303) is approx. 1/100 that of the wild-type for substrates fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate. The Trp(303) enzyme has a catalytic efficiency approx. 1/4800 that of the wild-type for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; no activity was detected with fructose 1-phosphate. The mutation Arg(303)-->Trp thus substitution impairs enzyme activity more than Arg(303)-->Gln. Three-dimensional models of wild-type, Trp(303) and Gln(303) aldolase B generated by homology-modelling techniques suggest that, because of its larger size, tryptophan exerts a greater deranging effect than glutamine on the enzyme's three-dimensional structure. Our results show that the Arg(303)-->Gln substitution is a novel mutation causing hereditary fructose intolerance and provide a functional demonstration that Arg(303), a conserved residue in all vertebrate aldolases, has a dominant role in substrate binding during enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santamaria
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
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14
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Rellos P, Sygusch J, Cox TM. Expression, purification, and characterization of natural mutants of human aldolase B. Role of quaternary structure in catalysis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:1145-51. [PMID: 10625657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.2.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructaldolases (EC 4.1.2.13) are ancient enzymes of glycolysis that catalyze the reversible cleavage of phosphofructose esters into cognate triose (phosphates). Three vertebrate isozymes of Class I aldolase have arisen by gene duplication and display distinct activity profiles with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and with fructose 1-phosphate. We describe the biochemical and biophysical characterization of seven natural human aldolase B variants, identified in patients suffering from hereditary fructose intolerance and expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli, from which they were purified to homogeneity. The mutant aldolases were all missense variants and could be classified into two principal groups: catalytic mutants, with retained tetrameric structure but altered kinetic properties (W147R, R303W, and A337V), and structural mutants, in which the homotetramers readily dissociate into subunits with greatly impaired enzymatic activity (A149P, A174D, L256P, and N334K). Investigation of these two classes of mutant enzyme suggests that the integrity of the quaternary structure of aldolase B is critical for maintaining its full catalytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rellos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Sperandeo MP, Bassi MT, Riboni M, Parenti G, Buoninconti A, Manzoni M, Incerti B, Larocca MR, Di Rocco M, Strisciuglio P, Dianzani I, Parini R, Candito M, Endo F, Ballabio A, Andria G, Sebastio G, Borsani G. Structure of the SLC7A7 gene and mutational analysis of patients affected by lysinuric protein intolerance. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66:92-9. [PMID: 10631139 PMCID: PMC1288352 DOI: 10.1086/302700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/1999] [Accepted: 10/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare autosomal recessive defect of cationic amino acid transport caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. We report the genomic structure of the gene and the results of the mutational analysis in Italian, Tunisian, and Japanese patients. The SLC7A7 gene consists of 10 exons; sequences of all of the exon-intron boundaries are reported here. All of the mutant alleles were characterized and eight novel mutations were detected, including two missense mutations, 242A-->C (M1L) and 1399C-->A (S386R); a nonsense mutation 967G-->A (W242X); two splice mutations IVS3 +1G-->A and IVS6 +1G-->T; a single-base insertion, 786insT; and two 4-bp deletions, 455delCTCT and 1425delTTCT. In addition, a previously reported mutation, 1625insATCA, was found in one patient. It is noteworthy that 242A-->C causes the change of Met1 to Leu, a rare mutational event previously found in a few inherited conditions. We failed to establish a genotype/phenotype correlation. In fact, both intrafamilial and interfamilial phenotypic variability were observed in homozygotes for the same mutation. The DNA-based tests are now easily accessible for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of LPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Sperandeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mirko Riboni
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Anna Buoninconti
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Marta Manzoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Barbara Incerti
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maria Rosaria Larocca
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rossella Parini
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miranda Candito
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Generoso Andria
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Gianfranco Sebastio
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Clinica Pediatrica II, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, and Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele, Milan; II Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa; Department of Pediatrics, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France; and Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Costa C, Costa JM, Deleuze JF, Legrand A, Hadchouel M, Baussan C. Simple, Rapid Nonradioactive Method to Detect the Three Most Prevalent Hereditary Fructose Intolerance Mutations. Clin Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/44.5.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Costa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean Marc Costa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Alain Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Michelle Hadchouel
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Christiane Baussan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
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17
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Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI, OMIM 22960), caused by catalytic deficiency of aldolase B (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, EC 4.1.2.13), is a recessively inherited condition in which affected homozygotes develop hypoglycaemic and severe abdominal symptoms after taking foods containing fructose and cognate sugars. Continued ingestion of noxious sugars leads to hepatic and renal injury and growth retardation; parenteral administration of fructose or sorbitol may be fatal. Direct detection of a few mutations in the human aldolase B gene on chromosome 9q facilitates the genetic diagnosis of HFI in many symptomatic patients. The severity of the disease phenotype appears to be independent of the nature of the aldolase B gene mutations so far identified. It appears that hitherto there has been little, if any, selection against mutant aldolase B alleles in the population: in the UK, approximately 1.3% of neonates harbour one copy of the prevalent A149P disease allele. The ascendance of sugar as a major dietary nutrient, especially in western societies, may account for the increasing recognition of HFI as a nutritional disease and has shown the prevalence of mutant aldolase B genes in the general population. The severity of clinical expression correlates well with the immediate nutritional environment, age, culture, and eating habits of affected subjects. Here we review the biochemical, genetic, and molecular basis of human aldolase B deficiency in HFI, a disorder which responds to dietary therapy and in which the principal manifestations of disease are thus preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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