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Tai S, Wu J, Lee LJ, Lu T. Which ICD-9 codes were assigned for malignant mesothelioma in the mortality data in the United States before the ICD-10 was introduced? Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:143-148. [PMID: 34779537 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is rare and fatal; survival in most cases is only about one year. Mortality rate is, therefore, a good proxy measure of incidence rate. However, the specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for MM was not available until the Tenth Revision ICD (ICD-10). Little is known on which Ninth Revision ICD (ICD-9) codes were assigned for MM in the ICD-9 era. METHODS We used a 1996 double-coded mortality file compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics to calculate the detection rate (DR) and confirmation rate (CR) of selected ICD-9 codes. RESULTS Of 2386 decedents whose underlying cause of death was MM (ICD-10 code C45), the DR (deaths) of corresponding ICD-9 code was 57% (1365) for code 199 "malignant neoplasm without specification of site;" 19% (448) for code 162.9 "malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung, unspecified;" 13% (310) for code 163 "malignant neoplasm of pleura;" and 11% (271) for other codes. The CR (deaths) for the aforementioned three ICD-9 codes were 4.0% (1365/33,942), 0.3% (448/150,342), and 70.8% (310/438), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The three ICD-9 codes (199, 162.9, and 163) were the most commonly used codes for MM and composed nine-tenths of all MM deaths in the years before the ICD-10 was introduced. Using only ICD-9 code 163, the code most often used as the surrogate measure of MM in mortality studies in the ICD-9 era, capture may have been only 13% of all MM deaths in the US, and the estimated number of MM deaths missed in 1996 would be 2086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Yu Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhuna Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Hsueh Lu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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Tai SY, Wu J, Lee LJH, Lu TH. How Malignant Mesothelioma Was Coded in Mortality Data in Taiwan During Years When the Specific ICD Code Was Not Available? Clin Epidemiol 2022; 13:1135-1140. [PMID: 34992464 PMCID: PMC8713711 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s339956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is associated with past exposure to asbestos and the latency period ranged from 20 to 40 years. Asbestos consumption reached a peak in the 1980s in Taiwan, and the MM mortality is expected to increase since 2000s. However, no specific code for MM was available before the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), which was launched in 2008 in Taiwan. We examined how MM was coded in mortality data in Taiwan during the years when the ICD, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) was used. Patients and Methods Double-coded mortality data (each death coded according to both ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes) for the period 2002–2008 were obtained for analysis. Detection rates (similar to sensitivity) and confirmation rates (similar to positive predictive value) for various potential proxy ICD-9 codes for MM were calculated. Results For 113 deaths, for which the underlying cause of death was ICD-10 code C45 (MM), 14 corresponding ICD-9 codes were used. Four ICD-9 codes constituted 77% (87/113) of all MM deaths. The detection rate for code 199 (malignant neoplasm [MN] without specification of site) was 37% (42/113), that for code 163 (MN of pleura) was 18% (20/113), that for code 162 (MN of trachea, bronchus, and lung) was 12% (14/113), and that for code 173 (other MN of skin) was 10% (11/113). The confirmation rates for codes 199, 163, 162, and 173 were 0.9% (42/4759), 14.3% (20/140), 0.03% (14/51,778), and 1.5% (11/717), respectively. Conclusion ICD-9 codes 199, 163, 162, and 173 were most commonly used for MM deaths in Taiwan during the years before the ICD-10 introduction. However, when we used only ICD-9 code 163, which was most commonly used as a surrogate measure of MM in mortality studies during the ICD-9 era, we could detect only one-fifth of MM deaths in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhuna, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsueh Lu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Future Incidence of Malignant Mesothelioma in South Korea: Updated Projection to 2038. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126614. [PMID: 34205400 PMCID: PMC8296497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a cancer that is largely caused by exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is no longer used in South Korea, the incidence of MM continues to increase due to its long latent period. We aimed to update the previous prediction of MM incidence until 2038. We predicted the incidence of MM over the next 20 years (2019–2038) in South Korea using Møller’s age–period–cohort (APC) model and a Poisson regression model based on asbestos consumption. The APC model predicted that the crude incidence rate would increase sharply in men and slowly in women. Despite the sex discrepancy in the rate of increase, the incidence rate for both sexes is expected to continue increasing until 2038. In the Poisson model, the crude incidence rate was predicted to increase continuously until 2038, and far more cases of MM were predicted to occur compared with the results of the APC model. When compared with actual incidence data, the APC model was deemed more suitable than the Poisson model. The APC model predicted a continuous increase over the next 20 years with no peak, suggesting that the incidence of MM will continue to rise far into the future.
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Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Treatment patterns and outcomes from the Spanish Lung Cancer Group. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:83-90. [PMID: 32682189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive tumor arising from the pleura, typically associated with exposure to asbestos. The purpose of this investigation was to describe mesothelioma patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were recorded in an anonymous online database (BEMME, Epidemiologic Spanish Malignant Mesothelioma Database) from June 2008 through May 2013. Patient and tumor characteristics at time of diagnosis, as well as subsequent treatments (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), were collected. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, we explored type of chemotherapy regimen and outcomes by treatments. RESULTS A total of 560 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients were recorded. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years, mainly with epithelioid histology (62 %), and any asbestos exposure was noted in 45 % of patients. Nearly two-thirds of patients (71 %) received chemotherapy, mainly platinum-pemetrexed combination, as part of their treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy were given in 36 % and 17 % of patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) in the whole cohort was 13.0 months (95 % confidence interval (CI), 11.1-14.8 months) with 1-year OS of 53.2 % (95 % CI, 48.7-57.7 %). In patients receiving first-line chemotherapy (N = 315), the median OS was 13.4 months (95 % CI, 10.8-16.0 months), reaching 20.2 months (95 % CI, 17.2-23.2 months) for those 68 patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Results of multivariate analyses showed significant association of ECOG-performance status, histology and treatment response with improved OS in MPM patients treated with palliative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite multimodal therapeutic intervention, survival of patients with mesothelioma in Spain remains poor. Although it did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis, a meaningful additional survival benefit was observed among those patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy.
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Benavides FG. [Causality and responsibility in occupational health]. GACETA SANITARIA 2020; 35:502-505. [PMID: 32386713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review the imperfect relationship between causality and responsibility, from the perspective of occupational health, where this tension occurs so frequently when addressing the prevention of illnesses and occupational injuries. From epidemiology, we are very demanding in our observations, both in terms of internal and external validity, when establishing causal relationships. An essential rigor in the analysis of causality, which does not prevent us from myopia when a purely biomedical vision is adopted, forgetting the causes at different levels and of an economic and political nature. In turn, we need a governance (administrations, companies and governments) that assumes responsibility through the establishment of policies, many of them based on legal norms. Rules resulting from participatory processes, broad in democratic societies, in which conflicting interests intervene, and sometimes extends for years, which can lead to unacceptable situations of unrecognized suffering. So, helping us with some prosthesis, a glasses for science, to provide evidence that explains from macro to micro the process that takes us from health to disease, and a hearing aids for politics, to assume with all consequences their responsibility for taking preventive measures listening to the interests of the most vulnerable people, we could enjoy a long and healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Laboral (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra - IMIM Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
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Fernandes GA, Algranti E, Conceição GMDS, Wünsch Filho V, Toporcov TN. Lung Cancer Mortality Trends in a Brazilian City with a Long History of Asbestos Consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142548. [PMID: 31319477 PMCID: PMC6679146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are scarce epidemiological studies on lung cancer mortality in areas exposed to asbestos in developing countries. We compared the rates and trends in mortality from lung cancer between 1980 and 2016 in a municipality that made extensive use of asbestos, Osasco, with rates from a referent municipality with lower asbestos exposure and with the rates for the State of São Paulo. We retrieved death records for cases of lung cancer (ICD-9 C162) (ICD-10 C33 C34) from 1980 to 2016 in adults aged 60 years and older. The join point regression and age-period-cohort models were fitted to the data. Among men, there was an increasing trend in lung cancer mortality in Osasco of 0.7% (CI: 0.1; 1.3) in contrast to a mean annual decrease for Sorocaba of -1.5% (CI: -2.4; -0.6) and a stable average trend for São Paulo of -0.1 (IC: -0.3; 0.1). Similar increasing trends were seen in women. The age-period-cohort model showed an increase in the risk of death from 1996 in Osasco and a reduction for Sorocaba and São Paulo State during the same period. Our results point to a need for a special monitoring regarding lung cancer incidence and mortality in areas with higher asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Aparecida Fernandes
- Department Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Algranti
- Division of Medicine, Fundação Jorge Duprat e Figueiredo (Fundacentro), São Paulo-SP 05409-002, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Wünsch Filho
- Department Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Natasha Toporcov
- Department Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01246-904, Brazil
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Mortalidad por mesotelioma en Argentina, 1980-2013. Salud Colect 2017; 13:35-44. [DOI: 10.18294/sc.2017.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Se estimó la tasa de mortalidad por mesotelioma y su distribución sociodemográfica y temporal en Argentina para el período 1980-2013 con datos del Sistema de Estadísticas Vitales del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Se encontraron 3.259 defunciones por mesotelioma, lo que resulta en una tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por edad de 3,1/1.000.000 en 1980 y de 5,7/1.000.000 en 2013, con un aumento promedio del 84,1% en 34 años. El incremento de la tendencia fue más claro a partir de 1997. En todos los años, la tasa de mortalidad fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres. Los resultados sugieren antecedentes de exposición al asbesto en el pasado. Aparentemente, la exposición predominante fue la ocupacional, más común entre los hombres que concentraron los casos. Se recomiendan acciones dirigidas a hacer más efectiva la prohibición ya en vigor y la vigilancia en salud orientada a los ambientes de trabajo, trabajadores previamente expuestos y la población en general.
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Mensi C, De Matteis S, Dallari B, Riboldi L, Bertazzi PA, Consonni D. Incidence of mesothelioma in Lombardy, Italy: exposure to asbestos, time patterns and future projections. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:607-13. [PMID: 27312399 PMCID: PMC5013098 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Italy, asbestos has been extensively used from 1945 to 1992. We evaluated the impact of exposure to asbestos on occurrence of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in the Lombardy Region, Northwest Italy, the most populated and industrialised Italian region. METHODS From the Lombardy Mesothelioma Registry, we selected all incident cases of MM diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. We described sources of exposure to asbestos and examined time trends of MM rates. Using Poisson age-cohort models, we derived projections of burden of MM in the Lombardy population for the period 2013-2029. RESULTS In 2000-2012, we recorded 4442 cases of MM (2850 men, 1592 women). Occupational exposure to asbestos was more frequent in men (73.6%) than in women (38.2%). Non-occupational exposure was found for 13.6% of women and 3.6% of men. The average number of cases of MM per year was still increasing (+3.6% in men, +3.3% in women). Incidence rates were still increasing in individuals aged 65+ years and declining in younger people. A maximum of 417 cases of MM (267 men, 150 women) are expected in 2019. We forecast there will be 6832 more cases (4397 in men, 2435 in women) in the period 2013-2029, for a total of 11 274 cases of MM (7247 in men, 4027 in women) in 30 years. CONCLUSIONS This study documented a high burden of MM in both genders in the Lombardy Region, reflecting extensive occupational (mainly in men) and non-occupational (mainly in women) exposure to asbestos in the past. Incidence rates are still increasing; a downturn in occurrence of MM is expected to occur after 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mensi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Dallari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Fernández-Fontelo A, Cabaña A, Puig P, Moriña D. Under-reported data analysis with INAR-hidden Markov chains. Stat Med 2016; 35:4875-4890. [PMID: 27396957 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we deal with correlated under-reported data through INAR(1)-hidden Markov chain models. These models are very flexible and can be identified through its autocorrelation function, which has a very simple form. A naïve method of parameter estimation is proposed, jointly with the maximum likelihood method based on a revised version of the forward algorithm. The most-probable unobserved time series is reconstructed by means of the Viterbi algorithm. Several examples of application in the field of public health are discussed illustrating the utility of the models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Cabaña
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Moriña
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,rups de Recerca d'Àfrica i Amèrica Llatines (GRAAL), Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Cao S, Jin S, Cao J, Shen J, Hu J, Che D, Pan B, Zhang J, He X, Ding D, Gu F, Yu Y. Advances in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:1-10. [PMID: 25331029 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-2029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is a rare, insidious, and aggressive tumor arising from the mesothelial surface of pleural and peritoneal cavities, the pericardium, or the tunica vaginalis, with an increasing incidence worldwide, high misdiagnosis rate, and overall negative prognosis. A total of 20% of all cases is peritoneum in origin. METHODS The present study is a review of literatures focusing on the advances in epidemiology, clinical presentations, radiological features, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, management, and prognostic factors of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) occurred in the past decades. RESULTS Asbestos, SV40, and radiation exposures have been demonstrated to be correlated with the pathogenesis of MPM. The main presentations are abdominal distension and pain. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET) play an important role in the preoperative imaging and staging. Definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of immunohistochemistry. Prognostic factors have been identified and verified. Negative indicators include advanced age, male gender, poor performance status, non-epithelial histology, and absence of surgery. The management of MPM has evolved from single chemotherapy to multimodality treatment of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Promising results have been achieved after a combined treatment of CRS and HIPEC, with an elevated median survival time of 29.5-92 months and a 5-year survival rate of 39-63%. CONCLUSIONS CRS and HIPEC represent the standard treatment strategy for selected patients with MPM, and patients with unresectable tumors can benefit from the combined treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubo Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China,
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Past trends and future prediction of mesothelioma incidence in an industrialized area of Italy, the Veneto Region. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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López-Abente G, García-Gómez M, Menéndez-Navarro A, Fernández-Navarro P, Ramis R, García-Pérez J, Cervantes M, Ferreras E, Jiménez-Muñoz M, Pastor-Barriuso R. Pleural cancer mortality in Spain: time-trends and updating of predictions up to 2020. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:528. [PMID: 24195451 PMCID: PMC4228262 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A total of 2,514,346 metric tons (Mt) of asbestos were imported into Spain from 1906 until the ban on asbestos in 2002. Our objective was to study pleural cancer mortality trends as an indicator of mesothelioma mortality and update mortality predictions for the periods 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 in Spain. METHODS Log-linear Poisson models were fitted to study the effect of age, period of death and birth cohort (APC) on mortality trends. Change points in cohort- and period-effect curvatures were assessed using segmented regression. Fractional power-link APC models were used to predict mortality until 2020. In addition, an alternative model based on national asbestos consumption figures was also used to perform long-term predictions. RESULTS Pleural cancer deaths increased across the study period, rising from 491 in 1976-1980 to 1,249 in 2006-2010. Predictions for the five-year period 2016-2020 indicated a total of 1,319 pleural cancer deaths (264 deaths/year). Forecasts up to 2020 indicated that this increase would continue, though the age-adjusted rates showed a levelling-off in male mortality from 2001 to 2005, corresponding to the lower risk in post-1960 generations. Among women, rates were lower and the mortality trend was also different, indicating that occupational exposure was possibly the single factor having most influence on pleural cancer mortality. CONCLUSION The cancer mortality-related consequences of human exposure to asbestos are set to persist and remain in evidence until the last surviving members of the exposed cohorts have disappeared. It can thus be assumed that occupationally-related deaths due to pleural mesothelioma will continue to occur in Spain until at least 2040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo López-Abente
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Gómez
- Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Paseo del Prado 18-20, Madrid 28014, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cervantes
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ferreras
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Muñoz
- Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Paseo del Prado 18-20, Madrid 28014, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Remon J, Lianes P, Martínez S, Velasco M, Querol R, Zanui M. Malignant mesothelioma: New insights into a rare disease. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:584-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Neumann V, Löseke S, Nowak D, Herth FJF, Tannapfel A. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: incidence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and occupational health. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 110:319-26. [PMID: 23720698 PMCID: PMC3659962 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Germany is about 20 cases per million persons per year. Its association with asbestos exposure, usually occupational, has been unequivocally demonstrated. Even though the industrial use of asbestos was forbidden many years ago, new cases of mesothelioma continue to appear because of the long latency of the disease (median, 50 years). Its diagnosis and treatment still present a major challenge for ambulatory and in-hospital care and will do so for years to come. METHODS This article is based on a selective review of the literature, along with data from the German Mesothelioma Register. RESULTS 1397 people died of mesothelioma in Germany in 2010. A plateau in the incidence of the disease is predicted between 2015 and 2030. Most mesotheliomas arise from the pleura. The histological subtype and the Karnofsky score are the main prognostic factors. Only limited data are now available to guide treatment with a combination of the available methods (chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy). The prognosis is still poor, with a median survival time of only 12 months. Symptom control and the preservation of the patient's quality of life are the main aspects of care for patients with mesothelioma. CONCLUSION The incidence of mesothelioma is not expected to drop in the next few years. The available treatments are chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Specialized treatment centers now increasingly provide multimodal therapy for treatment of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Neumann
- German Mesothelioma Register at the Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Germany.
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Marinaccio A, Scarselli A, Merler E, Iavicoli S. Mesothelioma incidence surveillance systems and claims for workers' compensation. Epidemiological evidence and prospects for an integrated framework. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:314. [PMID: 22545679 PMCID: PMC3390276 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and lethal tumour strongly associated with exposure to asbestos (mainly occupational). In Italy a large proportion of workers are protected from occupational diseases by public insurance and an epidemiological surveillance system for incident mesothelioma cases. METHODS We set up an individual linkage between the Italian national mesothelioma register (ReNaM) and the Italian workers' compensation authority (INAIL) archives. Logistic regression models were used to identify and test explanatory variables. RESULTS We extracted 3270 mesothelioma cases with occupational origins from the ReNaM, matching them with 1625 subjects in INAIL (49.7%); 91.2% (1,482) of the claims received compensation. The risk of not seeking compensation is significantly higher for women and the elderly. Claims have increased significantly in recent years and there is a clear geographical gradient (northern and more developed regions having higher claims rates). The highest rates of compensation claims were after work known to involve asbestos. CONCLUSIONS Our data illustrate the importance of documentation and dissemination of all asbestos exposure modalities. Strategies focused on structural and systematic interaction between epidemiological surveillance and insurance systems are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational Medicine Department, INAIL (Italian Workers Compensation Authority) research area, Italian National Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM), Via Alessandria 220, Rome, 00198, Italy.
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Marinaccio A, Binazzi A, Marzio DD, Scarselli A, Verardo M, Mirabelli D, Gennaro V, Mensi C, Riboldi L, Merler E, Zotti RD, Romanelli A, Chellini E, Silvestri S, Pascucci C, Romeo E, Menegozzo S, Musti M, Cavone D, Cauzillo G, Tumino R, Nicita C, Melis M, Iavicoli S. Pleural malignant mesothelioma epidemic: Incidence, modalities of asbestos exposure and occupations involved from the Italian National Register. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2146-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Menéndez-Navarro A. A camel through the eye of a needle: expertise and the late recognition of asbestos-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2011; 41:121-35. [PMID: 21319725 DOI: 10.2190/hs.41.1.i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide new insights into the late recognition of asbestos-related diseases in contemporary societies. It addresses the role of expert culture in the identification, management, and control of asbestos risks, and examines the contribution of these processes to the late recognition and minimization of risks. After focusing first on Spain, the article presents three historical case studies to illustrate some shortcomings of the expert explanatory model. First, the narrow definition of asbestosis forged by medical experts in interwar Britain helped shape a public perception of the asbestos issue as finite and controllable. Second, the alternative approach to asbestos hazard management proposed by the Spanish trade union Comisiones Obreras in the early 1980s, inspired by the so-called Italian workers' model, prioritized locally produced knowledge. Finally, in the changing public view of asbestos risks in France during the last third of the 20th century, cultural and social factors played a crucial role in broadening the issue beyond its conception as just an occupational health problem. The author argues that expertise itself becomes a deproblematizing agent for industrial health issues, paving the way for their social invisibility.
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[Update in respiratory disease and environmental exposure: an invisible relationship]. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45 Suppl 1:21-4. [PMID: 19303526 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(09)70267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Significant contributions have been made in the past year on different aspects of occupational/environmental respiratory disease. In the case of neoplastic diseases associated with asbestos inhalation, the areas of most interest have been in the search for tumour markers, the importance of the determination of asbestos fibre deposits in biological samples, and new therapeutic schemes in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A consensus article has been published on occupational asthma, in which some clinical evidenced-based recommendations are established, directed at the diagnosis and management of work-related asthma. As regards hypersensitivity-induced pneumonitis, the clinical and evolutionary aspects of this disease have been described in a large series of 86 patients with pigeon-fancier lung. There have also been interesting studies published this year that emphasise the need to take an occupational history in patients with respiratory symptoms in order to look for a causal or synergic relationship with smoking. Finally, the results of studies have been published which were directed at elucidating the role of urban contamination, mainly caused by road traffic, in the deterioration of lung function. A recent study showed that it would be possible to achieve a significant reduction in urban mortality attributed to urban contamination by reducing the levels of PM 2.5. They conclude that more restrictive standards need to be adopted in Europe to protect the health of the population, which coincides with the proposal by the World Health Organisation.
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Ribes J, Clèries R, Buxó M, Ameijide A, Valls J, Gispert R. [Predictions of cancer incidence and mortality in Catalonia to 2015 by means of Bayesian models]. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 131 Suppl 1:32-41. [PMID: 19080813 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(08)76431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To perform cancer incidence and mortality projections in Catalonia for the period 2005-2019. To assess the projected increase in the incidence in 2015 compared with that in 2005, and to determine whether this increase is attributable to changes in risk or in demographics. POPULATION AND METHOD Bayesian age-period-cohort models were fitted to age-specific rates for 1985-2004 to obtain the expected number of cases for the 5-year periods 2005-2009, 2010-2014 and 2015- 2019. Annual cases were estimated through a polynomial interpolation model. Incidence and mortality data were obtained from the Tarrragona and Gerona cancer registries, while population pyramids for the period 1985-2019 were obtained from the Catalan Institute of Statistics. RESULTS In Catalonia, 27,438 cancer cases will be diagnosed among men and 19,986 among women in 2015, representing an increase in the number of cases diagnosed of 31% and 34%, respectively, when compared with those diagnosed in 2005 (20,999 and 14,141, respectively). In men, the increases attributable to risk, aging and demographic changes are 10%, 14% and 7%, respectively, whereas in women these changes are 6%, 13% and 15%. In the next decade, cancer mortality is expected to stabilize in men and to continue to decrease in women. Major increases in cancer incidence and mortality are expected among old age groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the need to reorganize the resources and infrastructures required for cancer control and care, taking into account the predicted burden of oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ribes
- Registre de Càncer de Catalunya, Pla Director d'Oncologia, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, España.
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