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Edalatifard M, Mortaz E, Ghorbani F, Rahimi B, Marashian SM, Dinparastisaleh R, Yassari F, Eslaminejad A. Inflammatory Serum Biomarker Pattern in Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis Phenotypes of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:317-324. [PMID: 38638383 PMCID: PMC11022199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background COPD exacerbation is characterized by both airway and systemic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of some inflammatory biomarkers and the phenotypes of COPD exacerbation. Materials and Methods This study includes known COPD patients, presenting to a hospital with acute exacerbation of COPD. Serum levels of CRP, ESR, CBC, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 were measured at the time of admission. According to the previously done HRCT, the patients were divided into two groups including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Levels of serum biomarkers were compared in the two groups. The relationships between biomarkers and duration of hospitalization were assessed too. Results Comparison of quantitative CRP levels, WBC, and platelet counts did not show a statistically significant difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis but it was significantly higher than control subjects. Although not statistically significant, ESR level was higher in emphysema. TNF-alpha was 6.0±1.5 ng / ml and 1.5 ng / ml in the emphysema and chronic bronchitis groups, respectively. TNF-α had no significant difference compared to the groups. Although higher than the control group, IL-6 and IL-8 did not show significant differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The two groups did not statistically differ in terms of hospital stay but patients with higher serum TNF-α tended to have longer hospitalization and ICU admission. Conclusion The present study showed predictably higher inflammatory biomarkers in COPD exacerbation but no significant difference between the two phenotypes of COPD and these two entities could not be discriminated based on inflammatory bio-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Edalatifard
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Besharat Rahimi
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehran Marashian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshan Dinparastisaleh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yassari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Wang Y, Chai L, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Qiu Y, Li D, Chen H, Shen N, Shi X, Wang J, Xie X, Li M. Quantitative CT parameters correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Surg 2023; 9:1066031. [PMID: 36684267 PMCID: PMC9845891 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1066031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the correlation between quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and airflow obstruction in patients with COPD. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge were searched by two investigators from inception to July 2022, using a combination of pertinent items to discover articles that investigated the relationship between CT measurements and lung function parameters in patients with COPD. Five reviewers independently extracted data, and evaluated it for quality and bias. The correlation coefficient was calculated, and heterogeneity was explored. The following CT measurements were extracted: percentage of lung attenuation area <-950 Hounsfield Units (HU), mean lung density, percentage of airway wall area, air trapping index, and airway wall thickness. Two airflow obstruction parameters were extracted: forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of prediction (FEV1%pred) and FEV1 divided by forced expiratory volume lung capacity. Results A total of 141 studies (25,214 participants) were identified, which 64 (6,341 participants) were suitable for our meta-analysis. Results from our analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between quantitative CT parameters and lung function. The absolute pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.26 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.33) to 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.75) for inspiratory CT and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.60) to 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.80) for expiratory CT. Conclusions Results from this analysis demonstrated that quantitative CT parameters are significantly correlated with lung function in patients with COPD. With recent advances in chest CT, we can evaluate morphological features in the lungs that cannot be obtained by other clinical indices, such as pulmonary function tests. Therefore, CT can provide a quantitative method to advance the development and testing of new interventions and therapies for patients with COPD.
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3
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Angelakis L, Papaioannou AI, Papathanasiou E, Mazioti A, Kallieri M, Papatheodorou G, Patentalakis G, Hillas G, Papiris S, Koulouris N, Loukides S, Bakakos P. Sestrin 2 levels are associated with emphysematous phenotype of COPD. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273652. [PMID: 36040980 PMCID: PMC9426901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns) are a family of highly conserved stress-inducible proteins and various stresses have been shown to strongly up-regulate them. Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) deficiency has been shown to partially suppress pulmonary emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sesn2 levels in COPD patients and its possible associations with the presence of emphysema and blood eosinophils. All patients underwent lung function testing and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The presence of emphysematous lesions in >15% of the pulmonary parenchyma was considered as significant emphysema. Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. 40/67 patients were characterized as having significant emphysema. Patients with significant emphysema had higher levels of Sesn2 (ng/ml) [median (IQR) 6.7 (2.7,10.3 vs 1.09 (0.9,1.9), p<0.001)] and significantly lower % and absolute blood eosinophil counts (cells/μL) compared to patients without emphysema [1 (0, 2) vs 4 (2, 4) p<0.001 and 62 (0, 110) vs 248 (180, 300), p<0.001 respectively]. Sesn2 presented a significant positive correlation to the score of emphysema in HRCT (rs = 0.87, p<0.001) and similar positive but weaker correlation to FRC (rs = 0.27, p = 0.024). Negative correlations were observed between Sesn2 and either the % of blood eosinophils and/or the absolute blood eosinophil count (rs = -0.79, p<0.001, and rs = -0.78, p<0.001 respectively). Sesn2 levels above 1.87 ng/ml showed a high diagnostic performance for the presence of significant emphysema in HRCT with an AUC 0.93, 95% CI (0.85,0.98), p<0.001. Sesn2 could serve as a potential biomarker of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Angelakis
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Papathanasiou
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argiro Mazioti
- Radiology Department, “Mediterraneo” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kallieri
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Patentalakis
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- 5 Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papiris
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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4
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Obernolte H, Niehof M, Braubach P, Fieguth HG, Jonigk D, Pfennig O, Tschernig T, Warnecke G, Braun A, Sewald K. Cigarette smoke alters inflammatory genes and the extracellular matrix - investigations on viable sections of peripheral human lungs. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:249-260. [PMID: 34820703 PMCID: PMC8821047 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic respiratory disorder often caused by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains hundreds of toxic substances. In our study, we wanted to identify initial mechanisms of cigarette smoke induced changes in the distal lung. Viable slices of human lungs were exposed 24 h to cigarette smoke condensate, and the dose–response profile was analyzed. Non-toxic condensate concentrations and lipopolysaccharide were used for further experiments. COPD-related protein and gene expression was measured. Cigarette smoke condensate did not induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and most inflammation-associated genes. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide significantly induced IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 (proteins) and IL1B, IL6, and TNF (genes). Interestingly, cigarette smoke condensate induced metabolism- and extracellular matrix–associated proteins and genes, which were not influenced by lipopolysaccharide. Also, a significant regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, as well as MMP9 and MMP9/TIMP1 ratio, was observed which resembles typical findings in COPD. In conclusion, our data show that cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induce significant responses in human lung tissue ex vivo, giving first hints that COPD starts early in smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Obernolte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Niehof
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Pfennig
- KRH Klinikum Siloah-Oststadt-Heidehaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Gomes P, Bastos HNE, Carvalho A, Lobo A, Guimarães A, Rodrigues RS, Zin WA, Carvalho ARS. Pulmonary Emphysema Regional Distribution and Extent Assessed by Chest Computed Tomography Is Associated With Pulmonary Function Impairment in Patients With COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:705184. [PMID: 34631729 PMCID: PMC8494782 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.705184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate how emphysema extent and its regional distribution quantified by chest CT are associated with clinical and functional severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods/Design: Patients with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.70, without any other obstructive airway disease, who presented radiological evidence of emphysema on visual CT inspection were retrospectively enrolled. A Quantitative Lung Imaging (QUALI) system automatically quantified the volume of pulmonary emphysema and adjusted this volume to the measured (EmphCTLV) or predicted total lung volume (TLV) (EmphPLV) and assessed its regional distribution based on an artificial neural network (ANN) trained for this purpose. Additionally, the percentage of lung volume occupied by low-attenuation areas (LAA) was computed by dividing the total volume of regions with attenuation lower or equal to −950 Hounsfield units (HU) by the predicted [LAA (%PLV)] or measured CT lung volume [LAA (%CTLV)]. The LAA was then compared with the QUALI emphysema estimations. The association between emphysema extension and its regional distribution with pulmonary function impairment was then assessed. Results: In this study, 86 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Both EmphCTLV and EmphPLV were significantly lower than the LAA indices independently of emphysema severity. CT-derived TLV significantly increased with emphysema severity (from 6,143 ± 1,295 up to 7,659 ± 1,264 ml from mild to very severe emphysema, p < 0.005) and thus, both EmphCTLV and LAA significantly underestimated emphysema extent when compared with those values adjusted to the predicted lung volume. All CT-derived emphysema indices presented moderate to strong correlations with residual volume (RV) (with correlations ranging from 0.61 to 0.66), total lung capacity (TLC) (from 0.51 to 0.59), and FEV1 (~0.6) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide DLCO (~0.6). The values of FEV1 and DLCO were significantly lower, and RV (p < 0.001) and TLC (p < 0.001) were significantly higher with the increasing emphysema extent and when emphysematous areas homogeneously affected the lungs. Conclusions: Emphysema volume must be referred to the predicted and not to the measured lung volume when assessing the CT-derived emphysema extension. Pulmonary function impairment was greater in patients with higher emphysema volumes and with a more homogeneous emphysema distribution. Further studies are still necessary to assess the significance of CTpLV in the clinical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Novais E Bastos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Radiologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lobo
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Guimarães
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Souza Rodrigues
- Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,IDOR-D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson Roncally S Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cardiovascular R&D Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Diagnostic Features in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Systematic Review. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:1333-1336. [PMID: 32610025 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-122rl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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7
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Mühlberg A, Kärgel R, Katzmann A, Durlak F, Allard PE, Faivre JB, Sühling M, Rémy-Jardin M, Taubmann O. Unraveling the interplay of image formation, data representation and learning in CT-based COPD phenotyping automation: The need for a meta-strategy. Med Phys 2021; 48:5179-5191. [PMID: 34129688 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the literature on automated phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a multitude of isolated classical machine learning and deep learning techniques, mostly investigating individual phenotypes, with small study cohorts and heterogeneous meta-parameters, e.g., different scan protocols or segmented regions. The objective is to compare the impact of different experimental setups, i.e., varying meta-parameters related to image formation and data representation, with the impact of the learning technique for subtyping automation for a variety of phenotypes. The identified associations of these parameters with automation performance and their interactions might be a first step towards a determination of optimal meta-parameters, i.e., a meta-strategy. METHODS A clinical cohort of 981 patients (53.8 ± 15.1 years, 554 male) was examined. The inspiratory CT images were analyzed to automate the diagnosis of 13 COPD phenotypes given by two radiologists. A benchmark feature set that integrates many quantitative criteria was extracted from the lung and trained a variety of learning algorithms on the first 654 patients (two thirds) and the respective algorithm retrospectively assessed the remaining 327 patients (one third). The automation performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). 1717 experiments were conducted with varying meta-parameters such as reconstruction kernel, segmented regions and input dimensionality, i.e., number of extracted features. The association of the meta-parameters with the automation performance was analyzed by multivariable general linear model decomposition of the automation performance in the contributions of meta-parameters and the learning technique. RESULTS The automation performance varied strongly for varying meta-parameters. For emphysema-predominant phenotypes, an AUC of 93%-95% could be achieved for the best meta-configuration. The airways-predominant phenotypes led to a lower performance of 65%-85%, while smooth kernel configurations on average were unexpectedly superior to those with sharp kernels. The performance impact of meta-parameters, even that of often neglected ones like the missing-data imputation, was in general larger than that of the learning technique. Advanced learning techniques like 3D deep learning or automated machine learning yielded inferior automation performance for non-optimal meta-configurations in comparison to simple techniques with suitable meta-configurations. The best automation performance was achieved by a combination of modern learning techniques and a suitable meta-configuration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that for COPD phenotype automation, study design parameters such as reconstruction kernel and the model input dimensionality should be adapted to the learning technique and may be more important than the technique itself. To achieve optimal automation and prediction results, the interaction between input those meta-parameters and the learning technique should be considered. This might be particularly relevant for the development of specific scan protocols for novel learning algorithms, and towards an understanding of good study design for automated phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Kärgel
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany
| | | | - Felix Durlak
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Sühling
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Taubmann
- CT R&D Image Analytics, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany
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8
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Guerrina N, Traboulsi H, Rico de Souza A, Bossé Y, Thatcher TH, Robichaud A, Ding J, Li PZ, Simon L, Pareek S, Bourbeau J, Tan WC, Benedetti A, Obeidat M, Sin DD, Brandsma CA, Nickle DC, Sime PJ, Phipps RP, Nair P, Zago M, Hamid Q, Smith BM, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency causes the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through the integration of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21376. [PMID: 33605487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Emphysema, a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible alveolar destruction that results in a progressive decline in lung function. This alveolar destruction is caused by cigarette smoke, the most important risk factor for COPD. Only 15%-20% of smokers develop COPD, suggesting that unknown factors contribute to disease pathogenesis. We postulate that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a receptor/transcription factor highly expressed in the lungs, may be a new susceptibility factor whose expression protects against COPD. Here, we report that Ahr-deficient mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke develop airspace enlargement concomitant with a decline in lung function. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure also increased cleaved caspase-3, lowered SOD2 expression, and altered MMP9 and TIMP-1 levels in Ahr-deficient mice. We also show that people with COPD have reduced expression of pulmonary and systemic AHR, with systemic AHR mRNA levels positively correlating with lung function. Systemic AHR was also lower in never-smokers with COPD. Thus, AHR expression protects against the development of COPD by controlling interrelated mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study identifies the AHR as a new, central player in the homeostatic maintenance of lung health, providing a foundation for the AHR as a novel therapeutic target and/or predictive biomarker in chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necola Guerrina
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Jun Ding
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pei Z Li
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leora Simon
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Swati Pareek
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wan C Tan
- The University of British Columbia (UBC) James Hogg Research Centre, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Qutayba Hamid
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,University of Sharjah College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Benjamin M Smith
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Goldin JG. The Emerging Role of Quantification of Imaging for Assessing the Severity and Disease Activity of Emphysema, Airway Disease, and Interstitial Lung Disease. Respiration 2021; 100:277-290. [PMID: 33621969 DOI: 10.1159/000513642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of use for quantitative image analysis in the setting of lung disease due to advances in acquisition protocols and postprocessing technology, including machine and deep learning. Despite the plethora of published papers, it is important to understand which approach has clinical validation and can be used in clinical practice. This paper provides an introduction to quantitative image analysis techniques being used in the investigation of lung disease and focusses on the techniques that have a reasonable clinical validation for being used in clinical trials and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gerald Goldin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA,
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10
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Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network Applications in the Thorax: Pulmonary Embolism, Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension, Aorta, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 35 Suppl 1:S40-S48. [PMID: 32271281 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The radiologic community is rapidly integrating a revolution that has not fully entered daily practice. It necessitates a close collaboration between computer scientists and radiologists to move from concepts to practical applications. This article reviews the current littérature on machine learning and deep neural network applications in the field of pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, aorta, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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11
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Abd elsalam SM, Hafez M, Mohmed MF, Said AH. Correlation between quantitative multi-detector computed tomography lung analysis and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is a very common disease in developing as well as in developed countries. Using CT has a growing interest to give a phenotypic classification helping the clinical characterization of COPD patients. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether there was a significant correlation between quantitative computed tomography lung analysis and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Results
The study included 50 male patients with a mean age of 62.82 years ± 8.65 years standard deviation [SD]. Significant correlation was found between the pulmonary function tests [FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio], and all parameters of quantitative assessment with – 950 HU [the percentage of low-attenuation areas (% LAA)]. Pulmonary function tests according to GOLD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease] guidelines revealed that 4% had normal pulmonary function, 8% had mild obstructive defect, 32% had moderate obstructive defect, 26% had severe obstructive defect, and 30% had very severe obstructive defect.
Conclusion
Automated CT densitometry defining the emphysema severity was significantly correlated with the parameters of pulmonary function tests and providing an alternative, quick, simple, non-invasive study for evaluation of emphysema severity. Its main importance was the determination of the extent and distribution of affected emphysematous parts of the lungs especially for selecting the patients suitable for the lung volume reduction surgery.
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Dong W, Zhu Y, Du Y, Ma S. Association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019; 13:499-504. [PMID: 31172658 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. A detailed understanding of which clinical features of COPD increase risk of VTE events is needed. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism. METHODS A retrospective observational clinical study was conducted on 551 consecutive COPD patients visiting the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Chest Hospital between February 2014 and April 2018. Finally, 151 patients were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 29 patients had COPD with VTE and 121 patients had COPD without VTE. Patient informations regarding age, gender, BMI, smoking history, smoking status (package/year), COPD-related symptoms, lung function, number of acute exacerbations and imaging visual emphysema were gathered. RESULTS Among the 29 VTE patients, 18 patients had PE and five had DVT, while 6 patients had simultaneous PE and DVT. There were statistically significant differences in GOLD grade, Imaging visual emphysema, and frequent acute exacerbations between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and smoking history, there were statistically significant for visible emphysema (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.13-11.08; P = 0.03) and GOLD grade (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04-3.01; P = 0.035), but not for frequent acute exacerbations (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.62-4.38; P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Visual emphysema is an independent risk factor for VTE events and the risk of VTE in COPD patients increases with the degree of airway obstruction. However, there is no evidence of an association between exacerbation frequency and VTE events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Dong
- Department of respiratory and CriticalCare Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Zhu
- Department of respiratory and CriticalCare Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of respiratory and CriticalCare Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Ma
- Department of respiratory and CriticalCare Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yasui H, Inui N, Karayama M, Mori K, Hozumi H, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Watanabe H, Suda T. Correlation of the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale with airway structure assessed by three-dimensional CT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2018; 146:76-80. [PMID: 30665522 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyspnea is a common symptom in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale is a widely used questionnaire to assess dyspnea. However, the relationship of the mMRC dyspnea scale with morphological airway structures in COPD remains unclear. We evaluated the correlation between the mMRC dyspnea scale and imaging-based airway structures in patients with COPD. METHODS The wall area (WA) and airway inner luminal area (Ai) of third-to sixth-generation bronchi and the percentage of low attenuation area with less than -950 HU (%LAA) of the lungs were measured using three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with COPD. WA and Ai were corrected by body surface area (BSA). RESULTS Forty-two clinically stable patients with COPD were enrolled. The median (range) mMRC dyspnea scale was 2 (0-3). The mMRC dyspnea scale score was significantly correlated with WA/BSA of fifth- and sixth-generation bronchi (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = 0.386, p = 0.012; ρ = 0.484, p = 0.001, respectively). Partial rank correlation analysis showed that the mMRC dyspnea scale score was significantly correlated with WA/BSA of sixth-generation bronchi, independent of the confounding factors of age, body mass index, %predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %LAA, and Ai/BSA (ρ = 0.481, p = 0.003). However, the %LAA and Ai/BSA were not correlated with this dyspnea scale. CONCLUSION Bronchial WA assessed by three-dimensional computed tomography may be used as an assessment tool for dyspnea in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mori
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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14
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MacNee W. Computed tomography-derived pathological phenotypes in COPD. Eur Respir J 2018; 48:10-3. [PMID: 27365503 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00958-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William MacNee
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Ostridge K, Williams NP, Kim V, Harden S, Bourne S, Clarke SC, Aris E, Mesia-Vela S, Devaster JM, Tuck A, Williams A, Wootton S, Staples KJ, Wilkinson TMA. Relationship of CT-quantified emphysema, small airways disease and bronchial wall dimensions with physiological, inflammatory and infective measures in COPD. Respir Res 2018; 19:31. [PMID: 29458372 PMCID: PMC5819274 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is a complex, heterogeneous disease characterised by progressive development of airflow limitation. Spirometry provides little information about key aspects of pathology and is poorly related to clinical outcome, so other tools are required to investigate the disease. We sought to explore the relationships between quantitative CT analysis with functional, inflammatory and infective assessments of disease to identify the utility of imaging to stratify disease to better predict outcomes and disease response. METHODS Patients from the AERIS study with moderate-very severe COPD underwent HRCT, with image analysis determining the quantity of emphysema (%LAA<- 950), small airways disease (E/I MLD) and bronchial wall thickening (Pi10). At enrolment subjects underwent lung function testing, six-minute walk testing (6MWT), blood sampling for inflammatory markers and sputum sampling for white cell differential and microbiological culture and PCR. RESULTS 122 subjects were included in this analysis. Emphysema and small airways disease had independent associations with airflow obstruction (β = - 0.34, p < 0.001 and β = - 0.56, p < 0.001). %LAA<- 950 had independent associations with gas transfer (β = - 0.37, p < 0.001) and E/I MLD with RV/TLC (β = 0.30, p =0.003). The distance walked during the 6MWT was not associated with CT parameters, but exertional desaturation was independently associated with emphysema (β = 0.73, p < 0.001). Pi10 did not show any independent associations with lung function or functional parameters. No CT parameters had any associations with sputum inflammatory cells. Greater emphysema was associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation (CRP β = - 0.34, p < 0.001 and fibrinogen β = - 0.28, p =0.003). There was no significant difference in any of the CT parameters between subjects where potentially pathogenic bacteria were detected in sputum and those where it was not. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further validation for the use of quantitative CT measures of emphysema and small airways disease in COPD as they showed strong associations with pulmonary physiology and functional status. In contrast to this quantitative CT measures showed few convincing associations with biological measures of disease, suggesting it is not an effective tool at measuring disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Ostridge
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Williams
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Viktoriya Kim
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen Harden
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon Bourne
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stuart C Clarke
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Tuck
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony Williams
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen Wootton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Šileikienė V, Urbonas M, Matačiūnas M, Norkūnienė J. Relationships between pulmonary function test parameters and quantitative computed tomography measurements of emphysema in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Med Litu 2018; 24:209-218. [PMID: 29487484 PMCID: PMC5818256 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v24i4.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. CT is able to precisely define the pathological process in COPD. There are a number of previous articles discussing the distribution of emphysema and its connection with pulmonary function tests. However, the results obtained by the researchers are not identical. Purpose. To assess relationships between emphysema and pulmonary function test parameters in COPD patients. Materials and methods. Fifty-nine patients diagnosed to have COPD underwent chest CT examinations and pulmonary function tests. For the quantitative assessment, percentages of low attenuation volume LAV 950 HU (%) of a both lungs, the right lung, the left lung, and each lobe were obtained. Quantitative CT measurements were compared with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) and total lung capacity (TLC). Results. Except for the right middle lobe and the right upper lobe, respectively, all the quantitative CT measurements showed weak to moderate negative correlations with diffusing capacity (DLco) (r = –0.35 to –0.61, p < 0.05) and weak positive correlations with TLC (r = 0.34 to 0.44, p < 0.05). Group analysis indicated that LAV–950 HU (%) values of both lungs, right lung, left lung, and each lobe, except for right middle lobe, were increased in patients with GOLD stages 3 and 4 of COPD compared to GOLD stages 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. CT measurements of emphysema are significantly related to pulmonary function tests results, particularly DLco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Šileikienė
- Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenerology and Allergology of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Urbonas
- Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Matačiūnas
- Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Norkūnienė
- Department of Mathematical Statistics of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Papaporfyriou A, Angelakis L, Papathanasiou E, Hillas G, Mazioti A, Bakakos P, Koulouris N, Papiris S, Loukides S. Emphysematous Phenotype is Characterized by Low Blood Eosinophils: A Cross-Sectional Study. COPD 2017; 14:635-640. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1386644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas Angelakis
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Evgenia Papathanasiou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Argyro Mazioti
- Department of Radiology, University of Athens “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Spyros Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens Greece
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Yanagisawa S, Papaioannou AI, Papaporfyriou A, Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Loukides S, Barnes PJ, Ito K. Decreased Serum Sirtuin-1 in COPD. Chest 2017; 152:343-352. [PMID: 28506610 PMCID: PMC5540026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an antiaging molecule that is decreased in the lung in patients with COPD. Recently, SIRT1 was reported to be detectable in serum, but serum SIRT1 (s120S) levels have not yet been reported in patients with COPD. Methods Serum SIRT1 protein of all samples was measured by Western blot, and the SIRT1 protein band densities were calculated and compared with clinical parameters. Results Several molecular sizes of SIRT1, including 120 kDa (actual size) and fragments (102 and 75 kDa) were quantified by Western blot. Among them, only the 120-kDa s120S was significantly decreased in patients with COPD compared with the control subjects without COPD (s120S ratio in healthy subjects = 0.90 ± 0.34 vs those with COPD = 0.68 ± 0.24; P = .014) and was positively correlated with airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC, r = 0.31; P = .020); its severity measured by FEV1 % predicted (r = 0.29; P = .029). s120S also showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.36; P = .0077) and diffusing capacity of the lung per unit volume (the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient: KCO%) (r = 0.32; P = .025). It was also significantly decreased with increasing severity of lung emphysema (r = –0.40; P = .027) and with a clinical history of frequent COPD exacerbations (infrequent vs frequent, 0.76 ± 0.20 vs 0.56 ± 0.26; P = .027). SIRT1 was not detected in supernatant of A549 and primary epithelial cells in normal culture conditions. Conclusions s120S was decreased in the patients with COPD, potentially as reflected by the reduced SIRT1 within cells as a result of oxidative stress, and might be a potential biomarker for certain disease characteristics of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yanagisawa
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Anastasia Papaporfyriou
- First Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Chaitanya Vuppusetty
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Stelios Loukides
- Division of Respiratory Diseases I, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England.
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19
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Hobbins S, Chapple IL, Sapey E, Stockley RA. Is periodontitis a comorbidity of COPD or can associations be explained by shared risk factors/behaviors? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1339-1349. [PMID: 28496317 PMCID: PMC5422335 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s127802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is recognized as having a series of comorbidities potentially related to common inflammatory processes. Periodontitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases and has previously been associated with COPD in numerous observational studies. As periodontitis and COPD are both chronic, progressive conditions characterized by neutrophilic inflammation with subsequent proteolytic destruction of connective tissue, it has been proposed that they share common pathophysiological processes. The mechanisms proposed to link COPD and periodontitis include mechanical aspiration of oral contents into the respiratory tree, overspill of locally produced inflammatory mediators into the systemic circulation or oral or lung-derived bacteremia activating an acute-phase response and also reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine release by systemic neutrophils at distant sites. Studies of systemic neutrophils in COPD and chronic periodontitis describe altered cellular functions that would predispose to inflammation and tissue destruction both in the lung and in the mouth, again potentially connecting these conditions. However, COPD and periodontitis also share risk factors such as age, chronic tobacco smoke exposure, and social deprivation that are not always considered in observational and interventional studies. Furthermore, studies reporting associations have often utilized differing definitions of both COPD and periodontitis. This article reviews the current available evidence supporting the hypothesis that COPD and inflammatory periodontal disease (periodontitis) could be pathologically associated, including a review of shared inflammatory mechanisms. It highlights the potential limitations of previous studies, in particular, the lack of uniformly applied case definitions for both COPD and periodontitis and poor recognition of shared risk factors. Understanding associations between these conditions may inform why patients with COPD suffer such a burden of comorbid illness and new therapeutic strategies for both the diseases. However, further research is needed to clarify factors that may be directly causal as opposed to confounding relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
| | - Robert A Stockley
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Fibrosis by Suppressing the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6510198. [PMID: 28421197 PMCID: PMC5379083 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6510198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small airway fibrosis is a key pathological process accompanying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and includes fibroblast/myofibroblast transdifferentiation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng, has been shown to exert an antifibrotic effect in many tissues. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and whether ginsenoside Rg1 can exert an effect on small airway fibrosis. We investigated the anti-small airway fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in human embryonic lung fibroblasts and in COPD rats. We found that ginsenoside Rg1 effectively reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, and maintained the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated cigarette smoke extract-induced upregulation of transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β receptor I, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-β receptor I-Smad2/3 inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may suppress cigarette smoke-induced airway fibrosis in pulmonary fibroblasts and COPD rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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21
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Xiong W, Xu M, Zhao Y, Wu X, Pudasaini B, Liu JM. Can we predict the prognosis of COPD with a routine blood test? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:615-625. [PMID: 28243079 PMCID: PMC5315204 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major characteristic of COPD is systemic inflammation. The parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil-to-basophil ratio (EBR) in routine blood test (RBT) are considered to be the underlying biomarkers of inflammation. We hypothesized that the prognosis of patients with COPD can be predicted with RBT. METHODS Patients with COPD in stable stage were enrolled. The RBT, pulmonary function testing (PFT), BODE index, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were performed at enrollment and every follow-up once in every 3 months during the 24-month follow-up period. Meanwhile, exacerbation count and mortality incidence were recorded. The correlation between the prognostic biomarkers and the prognosis of patients was analyzed. RESULTS The NLR and EBR in RBT have a significant correlation with the severity of patients with COPD. The NLR is an independent predictor for mortality and the EBR is an independent predictor for exacerbation. CONCLUSION As an inexpensive, accessible, and convenient assay, RBT may be used as a practical means in the prediction of prognosis of patients with COPD in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Punan Hospital
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bigyan Pudasaini
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jin-ming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
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22
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Xu L, Bian W, Gu XH, Shen C. Differing Expression of Cytokines and Tumor Markers in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Compared to Emphysema and Pulmonary Fibrosis. COPD 2017; 14:245-250. [PMID: 28128990 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1278753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-hua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Bastos HNE, Neves I, Redondo M, Cunha R, Pereira JM, Magalhães A, Fernandes G. Influence of emphysema distribution on pulmonary function parameters in COPD patients. J Bras Pneumol 2016; 41:489-95. [PMID: 26785956 PMCID: PMC4722999 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562015000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact that the distribution of emphysema has on clinical and functional severity in patients with COPD. METHODS: The distribution of the emphysema was analyzed in COPD patients, who were classified according to a 5-point visual classification system of lung CT findings. We assessed the influence of emphysema distribution type on the clinical and functional presentation of COPD. We also evaluated hypoxemia after the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and determined the six-minute walk distance (6MWD). RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were included. The mean age was 65.2 ± 12.2 years, 91.9% were male, and all but one were smokers (mean smoking history, 62.7 ± 38.4 pack-years). The emphysema distribution was categorized as obviously upper lung-predominant (type 1), in 36.0% of the patients; slightly upper lung-predominant (type 2), in 25.6%; homogeneous between the upper and lower lung (type 3), in 16.3%; and slightly lower lung-predominant (type 4), in 22.1%. Type 2 emphysema distribution was associated with lower FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and DLCO. In comparison with the type 1 patients, the type 4 patients were more likely to have an FEV1 < 65% of the predicted value (OR = 6.91, 95% CI: 1.43-33.45; p = 0.016), a 6MWD < 350 m (OR = 6.36, 95% CI: 1.26-32.18; p = 0.025), and post-6MWT hypoxemia (OR = 32.66, 95% CI: 3.26-326.84; p = 0.003). The type 3 patients had a higher RV/TLC ratio, although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of COPD appears to be greater in type 4 patients, and type 3 patients tend to have greater hyperinflation. The distribution of emphysema could have a major impact on functional parameters and should be considered in the evaluation of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Neves
- Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Cunha
- Serviço de Radiologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal
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Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Manali ED, Papadaki G, Roussou A, Spathis A, Mazioti A, Tomos I, Papanikolaou I, Loukides S, Chainis K, Karakitsos P, Griese M, Papiris S. Serum Levels of Surfactant Proteins in Patients with Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157789. [PMID: 27337142 PMCID: PMC4919090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emphysema and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) present either per se or coexist in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Serum surfactant proteins (SPs) A, B, C and D levels may reflect lung damage. We evaluated serum SP levels in healthy controls, emphysema, IPF, and CPFE patients and their associations to disease severity and survival. Methods 122 consecutive patients (31 emphysema, 62 IPF, and 29 CPFE) and 25 healthy controls underwent PFTs, ABG-measurements, 6MWT and chest HRCT. Serum levels of SPs were measured. Patients were followed-up for 1-year. Results SP-A and SP-D levels differed between groups (p = 0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). In post-hoc analysis, SP-A levels differed only between controls and CPFE (p<0.05) and CPFE and emphysema (p<0.05). SP-D differed between controls and IPF or CPFE (p<0.001 for both comparisons). In IPF SP-B correlated to pulmonary function while SP-A, correlated to the Composite Physiological Index (CPI). Controls current smokers had higher SP-A and SP-D levels compared to non-smokers (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023 respectively). SP-D levels were higher in CPFE patients with extended emphysema (p = 0.042). In patients with IPF, SP-B levels at the upper quartile of its range (≥26 ng/mL) presented a weak association with reduced survival (p = 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, serum SP-A and SP-D levels were higher where fibrosis exists or coexists and related to disease severity, suggesting that serum SPs relate to alveolar damage in fibrotic lungs and may reflect either local overproduction or overleakage. The weak association between high levels of SP-B and survival needs further validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni D. Manali
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Papadaki
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aneza Roussou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Department of Cytopathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Mazioti
- Department of Radiology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tomos
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Papanikolaou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, “Corfu General Hospital”, Corfu, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chainis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, “Corfu General Hospital”, Corfu, Greece
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthias Griese
- Hauner Children’s University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Center for Lung Research, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Spyros Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ostridge K, Wilkinson TMA. Present and future utility of computed tomography scanning in the assessment and management of COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:216-28. [PMID: 27230448 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00041-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for imaging the thorax and lung structure. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it used to recognise the key morphological features of emphysema, bronchial wall thickening and gas trapping. Despite this, its place in the investigation and management of COPD is yet to be determined, and it is not routinely recommended. However, lung CT already has important clinical applications where it can be used to diagnose concomitant pathology and determine which patients with severe emphysema are appropriate for lung volume reduction procedures. Furthermore, novel quantitative analysis techniques permit objective measurements of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease. These techniques can give important insights into COPD, and help explore the heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of the condition. In time, it is hoped that these techniques can be used in clinical trials to help develop disease-specific therapy and, ultimately, as a clinical tool in identifying patients who would benefit most from new and existing treatments. This review discusses the current clinical applications for CT imaging in COPD and quantification techniques, and its potential future role in stratifying disease for optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Ostridge
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Higham A, Rattray NJW, Dewhurst JA, Trivedi DK, Fowler SJ, Goodacre R, Singh D. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir Res 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 27184092 PMCID: PMC4869345 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. Our aim was to investigate the effects of e-cigs on the inflammatory response of human neutrophils. Methods Neutrophils were exposed to e-cig vapour extract (ECVE) and the expression of CD11b and CD66b was measured by flow cytometry and MMP-9 and CXCL8 by ELISA. We also measured the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP-9, along with the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Finally we analysed the biochemical composition of ECVE by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results ECVE caused an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD66b, and increased the release of MMP-9 and CXCL8. Furthermore, there was an increase in NE and MMP-9 activity and an increase in p38 MAPK activation. We also identified several harmful chemicals in ECVE, including known carcinogens. Conclusions ECVE causes a pro-inflammatory response from human neutrophils. This raises concerns over the safety of e-cig use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dewhurst
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Drupad K Trivedi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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A mixed phenotype of airway wall thickening and emphysema is associated with dyspnea and hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:988-96. [PMID: 25844673 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201411-501oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantitative computed tomography (CT) has been used to phenotype patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A mixed phenotype is defined as the presence of both airway wall thickening and emphysema on quantitative CT. Little is known about patients with COPD with the mixed phenotype. OBJECTIVES To propose a method of phenotyping COPD based on quantitative CT and to compare clinically relevant outcomes between patients with COPD with the mixed phenotype and those with other CT-based phenotypes. METHODS Each of 427 male smokers (187 without COPD, 240 with COPD) underwent a complete medical interview, pulmonary function testing, and whole-lung CT on the same day. The percentage of low-attenuation volume at the threshold of -950 Hounsfield units (%LAV) and the square root of wall area of a hypothetical airway with an internal perimeter of 10 mm (Pi10) were measured. Patients with COPD were classified into four distinct phenotypes based on the upper limits of normal for %LAV and Pi10, which were derived from the data of smokers without COPD by using quantile regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 240 patients with COPD, 52 (21.7%) were classified as CT-normal phenotype, 39 (16.3%) as airway-dominant phenotype, 103 (42.9%) as emphysema-dominant phenotype, and 46 (19.2%) as mixed phenotype. Patients with COPD with the mixed phenotype were associated with more severe dyspnea than those with each of the remaining CT-based phenotypes (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The number of hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations during the preceding year was 2.0 to 3.6 times higher in patients with the mixed phenotype than in those with each of the remaining CT-based phenotypes (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Findings persisted after adjustment for age, pack-years of smoking, smoking status, body mass index, and FEV1. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COPD with the mixed phenotype are associated with more severe dyspnea and more frequent hospitalizations than those with each of the remaining CT-based phenotypes. Thus, patients with COPD with the mixed phenotype may need more attention and interventions.
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Takahashi S, Ishii M, Namkoong H, Hegab AE, Asami T, Yagi K, Sasaki M, Haraguchi M, Sato M, Kameyama N, Asakura T, Suzuki S, Tasaka S, Iwata S, Hasegawa N, Betsuyaku T. Pneumococcal Infection Aggravates Elastase-Induced Emphysema via Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 Overexpression. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1018-30. [PMID: 26563237 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)--typically caused by bacterial or viral infection--is associated with poor prognosis and emphysema progression through unknown mechanisms. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the poor prognosis and emphysema progression associated with COPD exacerbation. METHODS We established a mouse model mimicking acute human COPD exacerbation, wherein mice with elastase-induced emphysema were intranasally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. RESULTS In mice with elastase-induced emphysema, infection with S. pneumoniae resulted in increased mortality, an increased number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and increased matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) production in the lungs, as well as enhanced emphysema progression. The increased MMP-12 production was mostly due to alveolar type II cells, alveolar macrophages, and lymphocytes that aggregated around vessels and bronchioles. Dexamethasone treatment suppressed the mortality rate and number of inflammatory cells in BALF but not emphysema progression, possibly owing to the failure of MMP-12 suppression in the lungs, whereas treatment with the MMP inhibitor ONO-4817 dramatically suppressed both mortality rate and emphysema progression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MMP-12 production during COPD exacerbation results in increased mortality and emphysema progression. Our study identifies MMP-12 as a target to prevent further aggravation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Kazuma Yagi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Minako Sato
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Shoji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases Center for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), prevalence and association with disease severity: Using tissue Doppler study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Cane JL, Mallia-Millanes B, Forrester DL, Knox AJ, Bolton CE, Johnson SR. Matrix metalloproteinases -8 and -9 in the Airways, Blood and Urine During Exacerbations of COPD. COPD 2015; 13:26-34. [PMID: 26418236 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1043522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are elevated in the airways and blood of COPD patients, contributing to disease pathogenesis and tissue remodelling. However, it is not clear if MMP levels in airways, blood and urine are related or if MMP levels are related to disease severity or presence of exacerbations requiring hospitalisation. Seventy-two patients requiring hospitalisation for COPD exacerbations had serum, urine and sputum MMP-8, -9 and active MMP-9 measured by ELISA and gelatin zymography on day one, five and four weeks later (recovery). Clinical history, spirometry, COPD Assessment Test and MRC dyspnoea score were obtained. Twenty-two stable COPD patients had MMP measurements one week apart. During exacerbations, serum and urine MMP-9 were slightly elevated by 17% and 30% compared with recovery values respectively (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026). MMP-8 was not significantly changed. These MMP levels related to serum neutrophil numbers but not to outcome of exacerbations, disease severity measures or smoking status. In clinically stable patients, serum MMP levels did not vary significantly over 7 days, whereas urine MMPs varied by up to nine fold for MMP-8 (p = 0.003). Sputum, serum and urine contained different MMP species and complexes. Median values for sputum active MMP-9 were significantly different from serum (p = 0.035) and urine (p = 0.024). Serum and urine MMPs are only modestly elevated during exacerbations of COPD and unlikely to be useful biomarkers in this clinical setting. Airway, serum and urine MMP levels are independent of each other in COPD patients. Further, MMP levels are variable between patients and do not reflect airflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cane
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Mallia-Millanes
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Douglas L Forrester
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Knox
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Johnson
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
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Baraniuk JN, Casado B, Pannell LK, McGarvey PB, Boschetto P, Luisetti M, Iadarola P. Protein networks in induced sputum from smokers and COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:1957-75. [PMID: 26396508 PMCID: PMC4576903 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s75978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Subtypes of cigarette smoke-induced disease affect different lung structures and may have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To determine if proteomic classification of the cellular and vascular origins of sputum proteins can characterize these mechanisms and phenotypes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Individual sputum specimens from lifelong nonsmokers (n=7) and smokers with normal lung function (n=13), mucous hypersecretion with normal lung function (n=11), obstructed airflow without emphysema (n=15), and obstruction plus emphysema (n=10) were assessed with mass spectrometry. Data reduction, logarithmic transformation of spectral counts, and Cytoscape network-interaction analysis were performed. The original 203 proteins were reduced to the most informative 50. Sources were secretory dimeric IgA, submucosal gland serous and mucous cells, goblet and other epithelial cells, and vascular permeability. RESULTS Epithelial proteins discriminated nonsmokers from smokers. Mucin 5AC was elevated in healthy smokers and chronic bronchitis, suggesting a continuum with the severity of hypersecretion determined by mechanisms of goblet-cell hyperplasia. Obstructed airflow was correlated with glandular proteins and lower levels of Ig joining chain compared to other groups. Emphysema subjects' sputum was unique, with high plasma proteins and components of neutrophil extracellular traps, such as histones and defensins. In contrast, defensins were correlated with epithelial proteins in all other groups. Protein-network interactions were unique to each group. CONCLUSION The proteomes were interpreted as complex "biosignatures" that suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms for mucin 5AC hypersecretion, airflow obstruction, and inflammatory emphysema phenotypes. Proteomic phenotyping may improve genotyping studies by selecting more homogeneous study groups. Each phenotype may require its own mechanistically based diagnostic, risk-assessment, drug- and other treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Baraniuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Begona Casado
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lewis K Pannell
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Mitchell Cancer Center, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Peter B McGarvey
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Piera Boschetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Luisetti
- SC Pneumologia, Dipartimento Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Lazzaro Spallanzani Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Quantitative emphysema assessment of pulmonary function impairment by computed tomography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:171-5. [PMID: 25474145 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the capability of quantitative emphysema by computed tomography (CT) to assess pulmonary function impairment in a population of current smokers with and without airflow limitation. METHODS Seventy-six subjects (30 normal smokers; 8 with mild obstruction; 17 with moderate obstruction; 13 with severe obstruction; 8 with very severe obstruction) underwent CT examinations and pulmonary function tests. For the quantitative assessment, percentages of low attenuation volume (%LAVs) of whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe were obtained. Computed tomography measurements were related to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO], ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity [RV/TLC]) by multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS Quantitative CT measurements of emphysema were moderately, negatively correlated to airflow limitation (FEV1 and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity) (r = -0.68 to -0.52, P < 0.001). Except for right middle and lower lobes, all the quantitative CT measurements showed moderate, negative correlations with diffusing capacity (DLCO) (r = -0.63 to -0.54, P ≤ 0.001) and weak to moderate correlations with RV (RV/TLC) (r = 0.36-0.41, P < 0.01). As compared with control samples, the %LAV of whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe was increased in patients with GOLD stages 2, 3, and 4 disease (P < 0.05), and the % LAV of whole lung, right lung and right upper lobe was increased in patients with GOLD stage 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary function results, particularly DLCO and RV/TLC, were primarily affected by the % LAV of the upper lobes. Quantitative CT measurements of emphysema provides a morphological method to investigate lung function impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Segreti A, Stirpe E, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. Defining phenotypes in COPD: an aid to personalized healthcare. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:381-8. [PMID: 24781789 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on a post-bronchodilator fixed forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <70 % ratio and the presence of symptoms such as shortness of breath and productive cough. Despite the simplicity in making a diagnosis of COPD, this morbid condition is very heterogeneous, and at least three different phenotypes can be recognized: the exacerbator, the emphysema-hyperinflation and the overlap COPD-asthma. These subgroups show different clinical and radiological features. It has been speculated that there is an enormous variability in the response to drugs among the COPD phenotypes, and it is expected that subjects with the same phenotype will have a similar response to each specific treatment. We believe that phenotyping COPD patients would be very useful to predict the response to a treatment and the progression of the disease. This personalized approach allows identification of the right treatment for each COPD patient, and at the same time, leads to improvement in the effectiveness of therapies, avoidance of treatments not indicated, and reduction in the onset of adverse effects. The objective of the present review is to report the current knowledge about different COPD phenotypes, focusing on specific treatments for each subgroup. However, at present, COPD phenotypes have not been studied by randomized clinical trials and therefore we hope that well designed studies will focus on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Segreti
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00131, Rome, Italy
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Attia EF, Akgün KM, Wongtrakool C, Goetz MB, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Rimland D, Brown ST, Soo Hoo GW, Kim J, Lee PJ, Schnapp LM, Sharafkhaneh A, Justice AC, Crothers K. Increased risk of radiographic emphysema in HIV is associated with elevated soluble CD14 and nadir CD4. Chest 2015; 146:1543-1553. [PMID: 25080158 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between HIV and emphysema remains incompletely understood. We sought to determine whether HIV is an independent risk factor for emphysema severity and whether markers of HIV severity and systemic biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), altered coagulation (D-dimer), and immune activation (soluble CD14) are associated with emphysema. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 114 participants with HIV infection and 89 participants without HIV infection in the Examinations of HIV-Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) study. Participants underwent chest CT imaging with blinded semiquantitative interpretation of emphysema severity, distribution, and type. We generated multivariable logistic regression models to determine the risk of HIV for radiographic emphysema, defined as > 10% lung involvement. Similar analyses examined associations of plasma biomarkers, HIV RNA, and recent and nadir CD4 cell counts with emphysema among participants with HIV infection. RESULTS Participants with HIV infection had greater radiographic emphysema severity with increased lower lung zone and diffuse involvement. HIV was associated with significantly increased risk for > 10% emphysema in analyses adjusted for cigarette smoking pack-years (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.12-4.48). In multivariable analyses restricted to participants with HIV infection, nadir CD4 < 200 cells/μL (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.14-7.81), and high soluble CD14 level (upper 25th percentile) (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.04-6.22) were associated with increased risk of > 10% emphysema. IL-6 and D-dimer were not associated with emphysema in HIV. CONCLUSIONS HIV is an independent risk factor for radiographic emphysema. Emphysema severity was significantly greater among participants with HIV infection. Among those with HIV, nadir CD4 < 200 cells/μL and elevated soluble CD14 level were associated with emphysema, highlighting potential mechanisms linking HIV with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi F Attia
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen M Akgün
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cherry Wongtrakool
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew Bidwell Goetz
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David Rimland
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sheldon T Brown
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Guy W Soo Hoo
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Patty J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amir Sharafkhaneh
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amy C Justice
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Phenotyping provides potential for a personalized approach in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-015-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pang M, Wang H, Bai JZ, Cao D, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Xu J, Du Y. Recombinant rat CC16 protein inhibits LPS-induced MMP-9 expression via NF-κB pathway in rat tracheal epithelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1266-78. [PMID: 25716019 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215570202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clara cell protein (CC16) is a well-known anti-inflammatory protein secreted by the epithelial Clara cells of the airways. It is involved in the development of airway inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Previous studies suggest that CC16 gene transfer suppresses expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in bronchial epithelial cells. However, its role in the function of these cells during inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CC16 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat tracheal epithelial cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We generated recombinant rat CC16 protein (rCC16) which was bioactive in inhibiting the activity of phospholipase A2. rCC16 inhibited LPS-induced MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent (0-2 µg/mL) manner, as demonstrated by real time RT-PCR, ELISA, and zymography assays. Gene transcription and DNA binding studies demonstrated that rCC16 suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation and its binding of gene promoters as identified by luciferase reporter and gel mobility shift assays, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining analyses further revealed that rCC16 concentration dependently inhibited the effects of LPS on nuclear increase and cytosol reduction of NF-κB, on the phosphorylation and reduction of NF-κB inhibitory IκBα, and on p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation by phosphorylation at Ser276 of its p65 subunit. These data indicate that inhibition of LPS-mediated NF-κB activation by rCC16 involves both translocation- and phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. When the tracheal epithelial cells were pretreated with chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, cellular uptake of rCC16 and its inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and also MMP-9 production were significantly abolished. Taken together, our data suggest that clathrin-mediated uptake of rCC16 suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory MMP-9 production through inactivation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in tracheal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Academy of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ji-Zhong Bai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Department of Respiration, Shanxi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Yongcheng Du
- Department of Respiration, the Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
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Therapy with plasma purified alpha1-antitrypsin (Prolastin®) induces time-dependent changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117497. [PMID: 25635861 PMCID: PMC4311911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common Z mutation (Glu342Lys) of α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) results in the polymerization and intracellular retention of A1AT protein. The concomitant deficiency of functional A1AT predisposes PiZZ subjects to early onset emphysema. Clinical studies have implied that, among the biomarkers associated with emphysema, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is of particular importance. Increased plasma MMP-9 levels are proposed to predict the decline of lung function as well as greater COPD exacerbations in A1AT deficiency-associated emphysema. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of A1AT therapy (Prolastin) on plasma MMP-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. In total 34 PiZZ emphysema patients were recruited: 12 patients without and 22 with weekly intravenous (60 mg/kg body weight) A1AT therapy. The quantitative analysis of A1AT, MMP-9 and MPO was performed in serum and in supernatants of blood neutrophils isolated from patients before and after therapy. Patients with Prolastin therapy showed significantly lower serum MMP-9 and MPO levels than those without therapy. However, parallel analysis revealed that a rapid infusion of Prolastin is accompanied by a transient elevation of plasma MMP-9 and MPO levels. Experiments with freshly isolated blood neutrophils confirmed that therapy with Prolastin causes transient MMP-9 and MPO release. Prolastin induced the rapid release of MMP-9 and MPO when added directly to neutrophil cultures and this reaction was associated with the presence of IgA in A1AT preparation. Our data support the conclusion that changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO mirror the effect of Prolastin on blood neutrophils.
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Higaki M, Wada H, Mikura S, Yasutake T, Nakamura M, Niikura M, Kobayashi F, Kamma H, Kamiya S, Ito K, Barnes PJ, Goto H, Takizawa H. Interleukin-10 modulates pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:525-34. [PMID: 26651880 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1096315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, but its role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on CS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-10-deficient and wild-type control mice with a C57BL6/J genetic background were exposed to CS, and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and mRNA of cytokines in lung were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS During 12 days of daily CS exposure to wild-type mice, neutrophil counts in BAL fluid and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression were increased, peaked at day 8, and then declined on day 12 when the level of IL-10 reached its peak. In IL-10-deficient mice, neutrophil recruitment and TNF-α mRNA levels induced by CS exposure were significantly greater than those in wild-type mice. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC; murine ortholog of human CXCL8) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels or matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 protein levels were not correlated with neutrophil count. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 had a modulatory effect on CS-induced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and TNF-α expression in mice in vivo and therefore appears to be an important endogenous suppressor of airway neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Higaki
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroo Wada
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
- b Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine , Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mikura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutake
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masuo Nakamura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Niikura
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Fumie Kobayashi
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- d Department of Pathology , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- e Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- e Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Hajime Goto
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Papaporfyriou A, Loukides S, Kostikas K, Simoes DCM, Papatheodorou G, Konstantellou E, Hillas G, Papiris S, Koulouris N, Bakakos P. Increased levels of osteopontin in sputum supernatant in patients with COPD. Chest 2014; 146:951-958. [PMID: 24902063 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated acidic glycoprotein that can function as both an extracellular matrix molecule and a cytokine. Published data support that OPN is upregulated in surgical lung tissue samples of patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of OPN in sputum supernatants of patients with COPD and to investigate possible associations with mediators and cells involved in the inflammatory and remodeling process as well as with the extent of emphysema. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with COPD and 40 healthy subjects (20 smokers) were studied. All subjects underwent lung function tests, sputum induction for cell count identification, and OPN, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, IL-8, and leukotriene-4 measurement in sputum supernatants. High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest was performed for quantification of emphysema. RESULTS OPN levels (pg/mL) were significantly higher in patients with COPD compared with healthy smokers and nonsmokers (median [interquartile range], 1,340 [601, 6,227] vs 101 [77, 110] vs 68 [50, 89], respectively; P < .001). Regression analysis showed a significant association between OPN and sputum neutrophils, IL-8, MMP-2, and the extent of emphysema. The associations previously listed were not observed in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS OPN levels are higher in patients with COPD compared with healthy subjects. OPN may play a role in the neutrophilic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaporfyriou
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Unit, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" Hospital, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Davina C M Simoes
- Marianthi Simou Laboratories, University of Athens, Medical School, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elissavet Konstantellou
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Unit, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" Hospital, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, Medical School, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Gu C, Li Y, Xu WL, Yan JP, Xia YJ, Ma YY, Chen C, Wang HJ, Tao HQ. Sirtuin 1 Activator SRT1720 Protects Against Lung Injury via Reduction of Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells Apoptosis in Emphysema. COPD 2014; 12:444-52. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.974740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Characterization and validation of an isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS method for quantification of total desmosine and isodesmosine in plasma and serum. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:1991-2001. [PMID: 23937134 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmosine/isodesmosine (DES/IDS) is a promising biomarker for estimating activity of elastin degradation. RESULTS/METHODOLOGY: A stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method for measuring serum/plasma DES/IDS was developed and validated. The reportable range of this assay was 0.1-160 ng/ml. Serum/plasma DES/IDS level was stable at room temperature or 4°C for 20 h, and for three freeze-thaw cycles. Interferences from endogenous compounds and ion suppression/enhancing effect were also evaluated. Our results suggest the absolute necessity of using an IS in the measurement. We found that serum/plasma DES/IDS levels from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis were significantly higher compared with healthy smokers. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the LC-MS/MS method provides sensitive, reproducible and accurate quantification of total serum/plasma DES/IDS.
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Fallica J, Boyer L, Kim B, Serebreni L, Varela L, Hamdan O, Wang L, Simms T, Damarla M, Kolb TM, Bucala R, Mitzner W, Hassoun PM, Damico R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a novel determinant of cigarette smoke-induced lung damage. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:94-103. [PMID: 24490973 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0371oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), including emphysema. CS exposure impacts all cell types within the airways and lung parenchyma, causing alveolar tissue destruction through four mechanisms: (1) oxidative stress; (2) inflammation; (3) protease-induced degradation of the extracellular matrix; and (4) enhanced alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Studies in human pulmonary ECs demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antagonizes CS-induced apoptosis. Here, we used human microvascular ECs, an animal model of emphysema (mice challenged with chronic CS), and patient serum samples to address both the capacity of CS to alter MIF expression and the effects of MIF on disease severity. We demonstrate significantly reduced serum MIF levels in patients with COPD. In the murine model, chronic CS exposure resulted in decreased MIF mRNA and protein expression in the intact lung. MIF deficiency (Mif(-/-)) potentiated the toxicity of CS exposure in vivo via increased apoptosis of ECs, resulting in enhanced CS-induced tissue remodeling. This was linked to MIF's capacity to protect against double-stranded DNA damage and suppress p53 expression. Taken together, MIF appears to antagonize CS-induced toxicity in the lung and resultant emphysematous tissue remodeling by suppressing EC DNA damage and controlling p53-mediated apoptosis, highlighting a critical role of MIF in EC homeostasis within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fallica
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae and muramyl dipeptide by NOD2 results in potent induction of MMP-9, which can be controlled by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4952-8. [PMID: 25183734 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02150-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is a protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix collagen. Evidence suggests that MMP-9 is involved in pathogenesis during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, not much is known about the induction of MMP-9 and the regulatory processes involved. We show here that the Gram-positive bacteria used in this study induced large amounts of MMP-9, in contrast to the Gram-negative bacteria that were used. An important pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for Gram-positive bacteria is muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MDP is a very potent inducer of MMP-9 and showed a dose-dependent MMP-9 induction. Experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Crohn's disease patients with nonfunctional NOD2 showed that MMP-9 induction by Streptococcus pneumoniae and MDP is NOD2 dependent. Increasing amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important PAMP for Gram-negative bacteria, resulted in decreasing amounts of MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of MMP-9 by MDP could be counteracted by simultaneously adding LPS. The inhibition of MMP-9 expression by LPS was found to be regulated posttranscriptionally, independently of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9. Collectively, these data show that Streptococcus pneumoniae is able to induce large amounts of MMP-9. These high MMP-9 levels are potentially involved in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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Geraghty P, Hardigan A, Foronjy RF. Cigarette smoke activates the proto-oncogene c-src to promote airway inflammation and lung tissue destruction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:559-70. [PMID: 24111605 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0258oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) confers a 2-fold increased lung cancer risk even after adjusting for cigarette smoking, suggesting that common pathways are operative in both diseases. Although the role of the tyrosine kinase c-Src is established in lung cancer, less is known about its impact in other lung diseases, such as COPD. This study examined whether c-Src activation by cigarette smoke contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. Cigarette smoke increased c-Src activity in human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells from healthy donors and in the lungs of exposed mice. Similarly, higher c-Src activation was measured in SAE cells from patients with COPD compared with healthy control subjects. In SAE cells, c-Src silencing or chemical inhibition prevented epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling in response to cigarette smoke but not EGF stimulation. Further studies showed that cigarette smoke acted through protein kinase C α to trigger c-Src to phosphorylate EGF receptor and thereby to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase responses in these cells. To further investigate the role of c-Src, A/J mice were orally administered the specific Src inhibitor AZD-0530 while they were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 months. AZD-0530 treatment blocked c-Src activation, decreased macrophage influx, and prevented airspace enlargement in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Moreover, inhibiting Src deterred the cigarette smoke-mediated induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -12 in alveolar macrophages and lung expression of cathepsin K, IL-17, TNF-α, MCP-1, and KC, all key factors in the pathogenesis of COPD. These results indicate that activation of the proto-oncogene c-Src by cigarette smoke promotes processes linked to the development of COPD.
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Perez T, Garcia G, Roche N, Bautin N, Chambellan A, Chaouat A, Court-Fortune I, Delclaux B, Guenard H, Jebrak G, Orvoen-Frija E, Terrioux P. Société de pneumologie de langue française. Recommandation pour la pratique clinique. Prise en charge de la BPCO. Mise à jour 2012. Exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire. Texte long. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:263-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cosío BG, Shafiek H, Fiorentino F, Gómez C, López M, Rios A, Kersul A, Togores B, Palmer J, Sauleda J, Agustí A. Structure-function relationship in COPD revisited: an in vivo microscopy view. Thorax 2014; 69:724-30. [PMID: 24477204 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibred confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is a novel technology that allows the in vivo assessment and quantification during bronchoscopy of the bronchial wall elastic fibre pattern, alveolar and vessel diameters and thickness of the elastic fibre in the alveolar wall. AIMS To relate these structural characteristics with lung function parameters in healthy subjects, smokers with normal spirometry and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We performed FCFM in 20 never smokers, 20 smokers with normal spirometry and 23 patients with COPD who required bronchoscopy for clinical reasons. The bronchial wall elastic fibre pattern was classified as lamellar, loose and mixed pattern, and later confirmed pathologically. Airspace dimensions and extra-alveolar vessel diameters were measured. Lung function measurements and pulmonary CT scans were obtained in all participants. RESULTS Patients with COPD were characterised by a significantly higher prevalence of loose fibre bronchial deposition pattern and larger alveolar diameter which correlated inversely with several lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) , FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio, maximum expiratory flow, carbon monoxide transfer factor and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; p<0.05). Increased alveolar macrophages were demonstrated in active smokers with or without COPD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first FCFM study to describe in vivo microscopic changes in the airways and alveoli of patients with COPD that are related to lung function impairment. These findings open the possibility of assessing the in vivo effects of therapeutic interventions for COPD in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja G Cosío
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Hanaa Shafiek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain Faculty of Medicine, Chest Diseases Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Federico Fiorentino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Meritxell López
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Angel Rios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Kersul
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Togores
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Palmer
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Sauleda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Bunyola, Spain
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Bunyola, Spain Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Univ Barcelona and FISIB, Barcelona, Spain
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Clarenbach CF, Thurnheer R, Kohler M. Vascular dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current evidence and perspectives. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 6:37-43. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chaudhuri R, McSharry C, Spears M, Brady J, Grierson C, Messow CM, Miele G, Nocka K, MacNee W, Connell M, Murchison JT, Sproule M, Hilmi O, Miller DK, Thomson NC. Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with the degree of emphysema on computed tomography in COPD. TRANSLATIONAL RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:11. [PMID: 27234393 PMCID: PMC6733425 DOI: 10.1186/2213-0802-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, although its link to disease severity is unclear. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between disease severity assessed by lung function and computed tomography (CT) and sputum MMP-9 expression, concentration and activity in patients with COPD. FINDINGS In 53 COPD subjects, smokers and ex-smokers; 46 healthy controls, smokers and never smokers, we measured sputum MMP-9 concentrations (ELISA) and enzyme activity (FRET), sputum MMP-9 mRNA expression, spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) and CT assessment of emphysema (% low attenuation areas below-950 Hounsfield units). Sputum MMP-9 concentrations and mRNA expression in COPD subjects were significantly greater than in healthy never-smokers (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001 respectively) and similar to those in healthy smokers. Disease severity when assessed by the extent of emphysema measured by CT, but not by spirometry or DLco values, was directly associated with sputum MMP-9 concentrations [r = 0.442 (0.171, 0.634), p = 0.020], and MMP-9 activity [r = 0.447 (0.219, 0.643), p = 0.010]. In moderate to severe COPD, increased MMP-9 mRNA expression levels were associated with reduced post-bronchodilator FEV1 [r = -0.530 (-0.686, -0.327), p < 0.001], FEV1/FVC ratio [r = -0.551 (-0.701, -0.354), p < 0.001] and reduced DLco [r = -0.399 (-539, -0.102), p = 0.048]. CONCLUSIONS Sputum MMP-9 concentrations in COPD are directly associated with the extent of emphysema measured by CT and MMP-9 expression levels are inversely associated with DLco. These findings support a role for MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Chaudhuri
- Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow and Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland G12 OYN UK
| | - Charles McSharry
- Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow and Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland G12 OYN UK
| | - Mark Spears
- Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow and Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland G12 OYN UK
| | - Jeffrey Brady
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge, MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Christal Grierson
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge, MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - C Martina Messow
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gino Miele
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge, MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Karl Nocka
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge, MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - William MacNee
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Connell
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John T Murchison
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Sproule
- Radiology Department, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Omar Hilmi
- Ear Nose and Throat Department, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas K Miller
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge, MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Neil C Thomson
- Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow and Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland G12 OYN UK
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Topalovic M, Exadaktylos V, Peeters A, Coolen J, Dewever W, Hemeryck M, Slagmolen P, Janssens K, Berckmans D, Decramer M, Janssens W. Computer quantification of airway collapse on forced expiration to predict the presence of emphysema. Respir Res 2013; 14:131. [PMID: 24251975 PMCID: PMC3870969 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirometric parameters are the mainstay for diagnosis of COPD, but cannot distinguish airway obstruction from emphysema. We aimed to develop a computer model that quantifies airway collapse on forced expiratory flow–volume loops. We then explored and validated the relationship of airway collapse with computed tomography (CT) diagnosed emphysema in two large independent cohorts. Methods A computer model was developed in 513 Caucasian individuals with ≥15 pack-years who performed spirometry, diffusion capacity and CT scans to quantify emphysema presence. The model computed the two best fitting regression lines on the expiratory phase of the flow-volume loop and calculated the angle between them. The collapse was expressed as an Angle of collapse (AC) which was then correlated with the presence of emphysema. Findings were validated in an independent group of 340 individuals. Results AC in emphysema subjects (N = 251) was significantly lower (131° ± 14°) compared to AC in subjects without emphysema (N = 223), (152° ± 10°) (p < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed AC as best indicator of visually scored emphysema (R2 = 0.505, p < 0.0001) with little significant contribution of KCO, %predicted and FEV1, %predicted to the total model (total R2 = 0.626, p < 0.0001). Similar associations were obtained when using CT-automated density scores for emphysema assessment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves pointed to 131° as the best cut-off for emphysema (95.5% positive predictive value, 97% specificity and 51% sensitivity). Validation in a second group confirmed the significant difference in mean AC between emphysema and non-emphysema subjects. When applying the 131° cut-off, a positive predictive value of 95.6%, a specificity of 96% and a sensitivity of 59% were demonstrated. Conclusions Airway collapse on forced expiration quantified by a computer model correlates with emphysema. An AC below 131° can be considered as a specific cut-off for predicting the presence of emphysema in heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wim Janssens
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Viglio S, Stolk J, Luisetti M, Ferrari F, Piccinini P, Iadarola P. From micellar electrokinetic chromatography to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Revisiting the way of analyzing human fluids for the search of desmosines, putative biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:109-18. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Luisetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Division of Pneumology, University of Pavia & IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Division of Biochemistry; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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