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Simmatis B, Rühland KM, Evans M, Meyer-Jacob C, Kirk J, Muir DCG, Smol JP. Metal contamination in alkaline Phantom Lake (Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada) generates strong responses in multiple paleolimnological proxies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152299. [PMID: 34896499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The copper-zinc smelter at Flin Flon (Manitoba) operated between 1930 and 2010 and emitted large amounts of metal(loid)s and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, damaging the surrounding terrestrial landscapes and depositing airborne industrial pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. However, the extent of biological impairment in regional lakes is largely unknown. Here, we analysed biological and geochemical proxies preserved in a dated sediment core from Phantom Lake, collected seven years after the smelter closed in 2010. Our objectives were to determine how smelting history affected long-term trends in (1) sedimentary elements, (2) biota across multiple trophic levels, and (3) spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a and lake-water total organic carbon. The effects of smelting activities were clearest in the diatom record, in concordance with modest responses in chironomid and cladoceran assemblages. Several metal(loid)s were naturally high and exceeded sediment quality guidelines during the pre-smelting era. With the opening of the smelter, metal(loid) concentrations in sediments increased through the 1930s, peaked in the 1960s, and declined thereafter with technological improvements but remained above background to this day. Although modest declines in inferred lake-water total organic carbon indicate reduced terrestrial carbon supply following sulphate deposition in the catchment, the diatom record showed no evidence of acidification as the lake was and remained well-buffered. Pre-smelting diatom and invertebrate assemblages were diverse and indicated oligo-mesotrophic conditions. Smelting was associated with the loss of metal-sensitive biological indicators and the emergence of assemblages dominated by metal-tolerant, generalist taxa. Diatoms tracked substantial reductions in aerial emissions since the 1990s, particularly after the smelter closed, but also indicated that the biological effects of metal pollution persist in Phantom Lake. Examining the effects of a base metal smelter on a well-buffered lake offered insights into multi-trophic level responses to severe metal contamination and potential recovery without the confounding effects of concurrent changes in lake acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Simmatis
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Kathleen M Rühland
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marlene Evans
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Carsten Meyer-Jacob
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jane Kirk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Composition Relates to Poplar Genotypes and Environmental Conditions. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poplars, known for their diversity, are trees that can develop symbiotic relationships with several groups of microorganisms. The genetic diversity of poplars and different abiotic factors influence the properties of the soil and may shape microbial communities. Our study aimed to analyse the impact of poplar genotype on the biomass and community composition of the microbiome of four poplar genotypes grown under different soil conditions and soil depths. Of the three study sites, established in the mid-1990s, one was near a copper smelter, whereas the two others were situated in unpolluted regions, but were differentiated according to the physicochemical traits of the soil. The whole-cell fatty acid analysis was used to determine the biomass and proportions of gram-positive, gram-negative and actinobacteria, arbuscular fungi (AMF), other soil fungi, and protozoa in the whole microbial community in the soil. The results showed that the biomass of microorganisms and their contributions to the community of organisms in the soil close to poplar roots were determined by both factors: the tree-host genotype and the soil environment. However, each group of microorganisms was influenced by these factors to a different degree. In general, the site effect played the main role in shaping the microbial biomass (excluding actinobacteria), whereas tree genotype determined the proportions of the fungal and bacterial groups in the microbial communities and the proportion of AMF in the fungal community. Bacterial biomass was influenced more by site factors, whereas fungal biomass more by tree genotype. With increasing soil depth, a decrease in the biomass of all microorganisms was observed; however, the proportions of the different microorganisms within the soil profile were the result of interactions between the host genotype and soil conditions. Despite the predominant impact of soil conditions, our results showed the important role of poplar genotype in shaping microorganism communities in the soil.
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Peng H, Chen Y, Weng L, Ma J, Ma Y, Li Y, Islam MS. Comparisons of heavy metal input inventory in agricultural soils in North and South China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:776-786. [PMID: 30743963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A national-scale inventory of heavy metal inputs is essential to understand the current situation of contribution and spatial heterogeneity of heavy metal sources in China. Published literatures from 2008 to 2018 about heavy metal inputs from various pollution sources (atmospheric deposition, livestock manures, fertilizers, and sewage irrigation) to agricultural soils were collected. In the past ten years, atmospheric deposition was the main pollution source which was responsible for 50-93% of the total As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb inputs, with livestock manures contributed to approximately 76% of total Cu inputs. However, due to industrial structure, geographical condition and the characteristics of economic development, the contribution of different sources to heavy metal pollution varies in different regions. For example, atmospheric deposition was the most important contributor in North China with its highly developed heavy industry and more coal combustion, while the contribution of livestock manures was obviously higher in South China due to its flourishing agricultural production and animal husbandry. Based on the analysis for clarifying the major pollution sources of five typical heavy metals (namely Cd, As, Hg, Cu and Pb), the controlling measures are suggested to make more effective and targeted strategies to protect agricultural soils in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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Arnebrant K, Bååth E, Nordgren A. Copper Tolerance of Microfungi Isolated from Polluted and Unpolluted Forest Soil. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1987.12025478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Arnebrant
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - E. Bååth
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Nordgren
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Rousk J, Rousk K. Responses of microbial tolerance to heavy metals along a century-old metal ore pollution gradient in a subarctic birch forest. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:297-305. [PMID: 29747113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are some of the most persistent and potent anthropogenic environmental contaminants. Although heavy metals may compromise microbial communities and soil fertility, it is challenging to causally link microbial responses to heavy metals due to various confounding factors, including correlated soil physicochemistry or nutrient availability. A solution is to investigate whether tolerance to the pollutant has been induced, called Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT). In this study, we investigated soil microbial responses to a century-old gradient of metal ore pollution in an otherwise pristine subarctic birch forest generated by a railway source of iron ore transportation. To do this, we determined microbial biomass, growth, and respiration rates, and bacterial tolerance to Zn and Cu in replicated distance transects (1 m-4 km) perpendicular to the railway. Microbial biomass, growth and respiration rates were stable across the pollution gradient. The microbial community structure could be distinguished between sampled distances, but most of the variation was explained by soil pH differences, and it did not align with distance from the railroad pollution source. Bacterial tolerance to Zn and Cu started from background levels at 4 km distance from the pollution source, and remained at background levels for Cu throughout the gradient. Yet, bacterial tolerance to Zn increased 10-fold 100 m from the railway source. Our results show that the microbial community structure, size and performance remained unaffected by the metal ore exposure, suggesting no impact on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rousk
- MEMEG - Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guittonny-Larchevêque M, Lortie S. Above- and Belowground Development of a Fast-Growing Willow Planted in Acid-Generating Mine Technosol. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1462-1471. [PMID: 29293827 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.03.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface metal mining produces large volumes of waste rocks. If they contain sulfide minerals, these rocks can generate a flow of acidic water from the mining site, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), which increases trace metals availability for plant roots. Adequate root development is crucial to decreasing planting stress and improving phytoremediation with woody species. However, techniques to improve revegetation success rarely take into account root development. An experiment was conducted at a gold mine in Quebec, Canada, to evaluate the establishment ability over 3 yr of a fast-growing willow ( Sx64) planted in acid-generating waste rocks. The main objective was to study root development in the soil profile and trace element accumulation in leaves among substrates varying in thickness (0, 20, and 40 cm of soil) and composition (organic carbon [OC] and alkaline AMD treatment sludge). Trees directly planted in waste rocks survived well (69%) but had the lowest productivity (lowest growth in height and diameter, aerial biomass, total leaf area, and root-system size). By contrast, the treatment richer in OC showed the greatest aerial biomass and total leaf area the first year; the thicker treatment resulted in the greatest growth in height and diameter, aboveground biomass, and root-system size in both the first and third years. Willow root development was restricted to soil layers during the first year, but this restriction was overcome in the third year after planting. Willow accumulation factors in leaves were below one for all investigated trace metals except for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and strontium. For Cd and Zn, concentrations increased with time in willow foliage, decreasing the potential of this willow species use for phytostabilization, despite its ability to rapidly develop extensive root systems in the mine Technosol.
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Dietterich LH, Gonneau C, Casper BB. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization has little consequence for plant heavy metal uptake in contaminated field soils. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:1862-1875. [PMID: 28482132 PMCID: PMC5581990 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The factors affecting plant uptake of heavy metals from metalliferous soils are deeply important to the remediation of polluted areas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), soil-dwelling fungi that engage in an intimate exchange of nutrients with plant roots, are thought to be involved in plant metal uptake as well. Here, we used a novel field-based approach to investigate the effects of AMF on plant metal uptake from soils in Palmerton, Pennsylvania, USA contaminated with heavy metals from a nearby zinc smelter. Previous studies often focus on one or two plant species or metals, tend to use highly artificial growing conditions and metal applications, and rarely consider metals' effects on plants and AMF together. In contrast, we examined both direct and AMF-mediated effects of soil concentrations on plant concentrations of 8-13 metals in five wild plant species sampled across a field site with continuous variation in Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu contamination. Plant and soil metal concentration profiles were closely matched despite high variability in soil metal concentrations even at small spatial scales. However, we observed few effects of soil metals on AMF colonization, and no effects of AMF colonization on plant metal uptake. Manipulating soil chemistry or plant community composition directly may control landscape-level plant metal uptake more effectively than altering AMF communities. Plant species identities may serve as highly local indicators of soil chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee H. Dietterich
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, 433 S. University Ave., 321 Leidy Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Therapeutic Potential of Biologically Reduced Silver Nanoparticles from Actinomycete Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/940719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are applied in nanomedicine from time immemorial and are still used as powerful antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents. Antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are popular in almost all the therapeutic measures, and this study has proven that these microbes are also helpful in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with good surface and size characteristics. Silver can be synthesized by various chemical methodologies, and most of them have turned to be toxic. This study has been successful in isolating the microbes from polluted environment, and subjecting them to the reduction of silver nanoparticles, characterizing the nanoparticles by UV spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles produced were tested for their antimicrobial property, and the zone of inhibition was greater than those produced by their chemically synthesized counterparts. Actinomycetes, helpful in bioremediating heavy metals, are useful for the production of metallic nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics prove to be better in killing the pathogens and have opened up new areas for developing nanobiotechnological research based on microbial applications.
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Glassman SI, Casper BB. Biotic contexts alter metal sequestration and AMF effects on plant growth in soils polluted with heavy metals. Ecology 2012; 93:1550-9. [DOI: 10.1890/10-2135.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Beyer WN, Krafft C, Klassen S, Green CE, Chaney RL. Relating injury to the forest ecosystem near Palmerton, PA, to zinc contamination from smelting. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:376-388. [PMID: 21286698 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The forest on Blue Mountain, near Lehigh Gap, has been injured by emissions from two historical zinc (Zn) smelters in Palmerton, PA, located at the northern base of the mountain. The uppermost mineral soil and lower litter from sites along a transect, just south of the ridgetop, contained from 64 to 4400 mg/kg Zn. We measured forest metrics at 15 sampling sites to ascertain how forest structure, species composition and regeneration are related to soil concentrations of Zn, the probable principal cause of the injury. Understanding how ecotoxicological injury is related to soil Zn concentrations helps us quantify the extent of injury to the ecosystem on Blue Mountain as well as to generalize to other sites. The sum of canopy closure and shrub cover, suggested as a broadly inclusive measure of forest structure, was decreased to half at approximately 2060 mg/kg Zn (102 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Tree-seedling density was decreased by 80% (from 10.5/m(2) to 2.1/m(2)) at a much lower concentration: 1080 mg/kg Zn (59 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Changes in species composition and richness were not as useful for quantifying injury to the forest. Phytotoxicity, desiccation from exposure, and a gypsy moth infestation combined to form a barren area on the ridgetop. Liming the strongly acid Hazleton soils at the sites would partially ameliorate the observed phytotoxicity and should be considered in planning restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nelson Beyer
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey, BARC-East, Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Shi X, Zhao Z. Dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungi isolated from metal polluted soils: their taxonomic position, tolerance, and accumulation of heavy metals in vitro. J Microbiol 2008; 46:624-32. [PMID: 19107390 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the possible role of the plant root associated fungi on metal tolerance, their role in the uptake of heavy metals and the potential transfer of these metal ions to the plant, three strains of dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were isolated from a waste smelter site in southwest China, and one strain was isolated from a non-contaminated site. According to molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS 1-5.8S rDNA-ITS 2 gene regions and morphological characteristics, one is identified as Exophiala pisciphila, and the other three are non-sporulating fungi under the experiment condition with the nearest phylogenetic affinities to the Thysanorea papuana strain EU041814. Tolerance and accumulation abilities of the three DSE strains for metals were investigated in liquid culture. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Pb, Zn, and Cd were determined. It was demonstrated that the tolerance of the DSE strains varied between metal species and strains. The E. pisciphila strain is able to accumulate lead and cadmium over 20% and 5% of dry weight of biomass, respectively. Partial of the sequestrated metals can be washed with CaCh. Morphological and enzyme activity changes taking place in the presence of excessive Pb, Cd, and/or Zn also indicate that the mechanism of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation of the DSE strains would be a complex process. The findings indicated promising tolerance and accumulation of the DSE strains with potential values in metal cycling and restoration of soil and water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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Jing YD, He ZL, Yang XE. Role of soil rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:192-207. [PMID: 17323432 PMCID: PMC1810380 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes, and therefore, have potential to enhance phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation strategies with appropriate heavy metal-adapted rhizobacteria have received more and more attention. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-de Jing
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment, Remediation and Ecosystem Health, School of Natural Resource and Environment Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Department of Resources and Planning, Qufu Normal University, Jining 273165, China
| | - Zhen-li He
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment, Remediation and Ecosystem Health, School of Natural Resource and Environment Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Xiao-e Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment, Remediation and Ecosystem Health, School of Natural Resource and Environment Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Pawlowska TE, Charvat I. Heavy-metal stress and developmental patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:6643-9. [PMID: 15528529 PMCID: PMC525263 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6643-6649.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of global deposition of Cd, Pb, and Zn has decreased over the past few decades, but heavy metals already in the soil may be mobilized by local and global changes in soil conditions and exert toxic effects on soil microorganisms. We examined in vitro effects of Cd, Pb, and Zn on critical life stages in metal-sensitive ecotypes of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, including spore germination, presymbiotic hyphal extension, presymbiotic sporulation, symbiotic extraradical mycelium expansion, and symbiotic sporulation. Despite long-term culturing under the same low-metal conditions, two species, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices, had different levels of sensitivity to metal stress. G. etunicatum was more sensitive to all three metals than was G. intraradices. A unique response of increased presymbiotic hyphal extension occurred in G. intraradices exposed to Cd and Pb. Presymbiotic hyphae of G. intraradices formed presymbiotic spores, whose initiation was more affected by heavy metals than was presymbiotic hyphal extension. In G. intraradices grown in compartmentalized habitats with only a portion of the extraradical mycelium exposed to metal stress, inhibitory effects of elevated metal concentrations on symbiotic mycelial expansion and symbiotic sporulation were limited to the metal-enriched compartment. Symbiotic sporulation was more sensitive to metal exposure than symbiotic mycelium expansion. Patterns exhibited by G. intraradices spore germination, presymbiotic hyphal extension, symbiotic extraradical mycelium expansion, and sporulation under elevated metal concentrations suggest that AM fungi may be able to survive in heavy metal-contaminated environments by using a metal avoidance strategy.
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Rajapaksha RMCP, Tobor-Kapłon MA, Bååth E. Metal toxicity affects fungal and bacterial activities in soil differently. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:2966-73. [PMID: 15128558 PMCID: PMC404458 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.5.2966-2973.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the toxic effect of heavy metals on soil microorganism activity is well known, little is known about the effects on different organism groups. The influence of heavy metal addition on total, bacterial, and fungal activities was therefore studied for up to 60 days in a laboratory experiment using forest soil contaminated with different concentrations of Zn or Cu. The effects of the metals differed between the different activity measurements. During the first week after metal addition, the total activity (respiration rate) decreased by 30% at the highest level of contamination and then remained stable during the 60 days of incubation. The bacterial activity (thymidine incorporation rate) decreased during the first days with the level of metal contamination, resulting in a 90% decrease at the highest level of contamination. Bacterial activity then slowly recovered to values similar to those of the control soil. The recovery was faster when soil pH, which had decreased due to metal addition, was restored to control values by liming. Fungal activity (acetate-in-ergosterol incorporation rate) initially increased with the level of metal contamination, being up to 3 and 7 times higher than that in the control samples during the first week at the highest levels of Zn and Cu addition, respectively. The positive effect of metal addition on fungal activity then decreased, but fungal activity was still higher in contaminated than in control soil after 35 days. This is the first direct evidence that fungal and bacterial activities in soil are differently affected by heavy metals. The different responses of bacteria and fungi to heavy metals were reflected in an increase in the relative fungal/bacterial ratio (estimated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis) with increased metal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M C P Rajapaksha
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Turpeinen R, Kairesalo T, Häggblom MM. Microbial community structure and activity in arsenic-, chromium- and copper-contaminated soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2004; 47:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Gong P, Gasparrini P, Rho D, Hawari J, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G, Sunahara GI. An in situ respirometric technique to measure pollution-induced microbial community tolerance in soils contaminated with 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2000; 47:96-103. [PMID: 10993709 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2000.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) can induce changes in the structure and activities of soil microbial communities. Such changes may be associated with an elevated microbial tolerance. An in situ respirometry technique based on the analysis of the substrate-induced respiration response to freshly added TNT was used to examine soil microbial tolerance to TNT at the community level. The specific growth rate derived by fitting an exponential equation to respiration data was taken as the measurement endpoint. Microbial tolerance was evaluated using a tolerance index defined as the ratio of the specific growth rate at a spiking dose of 2000 microg TNT/g soil to that of the control with no spiked TNT. Three soils with long-term exposure histories (TNT level in soil: 1.5, 32, and 620 microg TNT/g, respectively) exhibited significantly higher microbial community tolerance to TNT than two uncontaminated control soils. A soil containing 29,000 microg TNT/g exhibited the highest tolerance. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that pollution-induced community tolerance can be used as a means of identifying those compounds that have exerted selective pressure on the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada.
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17
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Influence of heavy metals on production and activity of pectinolytic enzymes in ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi from heavy metal polluted soils: their identification and growth in the presence of zinc ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Kunito T, Senoo K, Saeki K, Oyaizu H, Matsumoto S. Usefulness of the sensitivity-resistance index to estimate the toxicity of copper on bacteria in copper-contaminated soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1999; 44:182-189. [PMID: 10571465 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Examination was made of the fluctuations of numbers of the total bacteria and copper (Cu)-resistant bacteria with soluble/exchangeable Cu (Ex-Cu) fraction in three types of soils spiked with Cu at four concentrations. Drastic increase in Cu-resistant bacteria was observed in three soils spiked with 20 mmol Cu kg(-1) after 2 weeks of incubation, indicating the strong selection of individuals originally resistant to Cu. Adaptation and proliferation of bacteria were also observed in the soil environment under the long-term exposure to extremely high concentration of Cu (800 mg kg(-1) soil of Ex-Cu), deriving from the development of Cu resistance. These bacterial fluctuations and the toxic effects of Cu depended on soil types, due to the chemical forms in which Cu occurs. It was also found that the ratio of Cu-resistant bacterial number to total bacteria was significantly correlated with the amount of Ex-Cu in the soils. This sensitivity-resistance index seems to be useful for evaluating the toxic effects of Cu on the soil bacterial community. Whereas the toxicity of Cu depended on the soil properties, they also changed with time. This phenomenon can be explained by the decrease in the most labile Cu phase, Ex-Cu, with time in the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunito
- Department of Environment Conservation, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
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20
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Basu M, Paul AK. Chromium-resistant soil actinomycetes: their tolerance to other metals and antibiotics. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 1999; 46:25-32. [PMID: 10331065 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.46.1999.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromium occurs widely in most soils, but generally in trace amounts. Actinomycetes, one of the important components of the microbial population in soils interact with a variety of metals including chromium. This study was aimed to evaluate the tolerance of soil actinomycetes to Cr6+, other metals and antibiotics. Thirty-two actinomycete isolates were screened for their tolerance to Cr6+ on tryptone yeast extract agar medium supplemented with Cr6+ at concentrations ranging from 100 to 2000 micrograms ml-1. Thirteen Cr-tolerant isolates were selected on the basis of their growth at the highest concentration, but their performance was not satisfactory in Cr6+ containing liquid salts medium. Resistance of these isolates to other metals and antibiotics was assessed using agar-cup assay and disc diffusion technique, respectively. The sequence of metal toxicity for the actinomycete isolates was in the order Hg2+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ > Cd2+, but the Cr6+ resistance of the isolates could not be correlated with their antibiotic-resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basu
- Department of Botany, Calcutta University, India
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21
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Diaz-Ravina M, Baath E. Development of metal tolerance in soil bacterial communities exposed to experimentally increased metal levels. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:2970-7. [PMID: 16535383 PMCID: PMC1388921 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.8.2970-2977.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metal tolerance in soil bacterial communities exposed to different heavy metals was examined under laboratory conditions. An agricultural soil amended with different Zn concentrations was studied most intensively, and measurements were made over a 28-month incubation period by means of the thymidine incorporation technique. Tolerance levels were not affected by metal concentrations lower than 2 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight) of soil(sup-1), but above this value, the level of Zn tolerance increased exponentially with the logarithm of the soil Zn concentration. An increased metal tolerance was detected after only 2 days of Zn exposure. Thereafter, stable tolerance values were observed at different sampling times for bacterial communities exposed to up to 8 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1), indicating no changes in tolerance with time. The tolerance of bacterial communities exposed to 32 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1) increased rapidly within the second week of incubation, but then the values remained unchanged until the end of the experiment. Bacterial communities from soil contaminated with 16 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1) showed an increase of the same magnitude, but the increase started later, after 4 months of incubation, and took place for a much longer period (more than 1 year). Cd, Cu, and Ni addition also resulted in metal-tolerant communities, and the level of tolerance increased with prolonged incubations of the soils. The bacterial community at the end of the incubation period also exhibited a lower pH optimum and an increased tolerance to low osmotic potential. The results suggest that the increase in metal tolerance of the community after adding metals can be attributed to an immediate effect due to the death of sensitive species and a later effect due to different competitive abilities and adaptation of surviving bacteria.
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22
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Pennanen T, Frostegard A, Fritze H, Baath E. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition and Heavy Metal Tolerance of Soil Microbial Communities along Two Heavy Metal-Polluted Gradients in Coniferous Forests. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:420-8. [PMID: 16535230 PMCID: PMC1388768 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.2.420-428.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term heavy metal deposition on microbial community structure and the level of bacterial community tolerance were studied along two different gradients in Scandinavian coniferous forest soils. One was near the Harjavalta smelter in Finland, and one was at Ronnskar in Sweden. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed a gradual change in soil microbial communities along both pollution gradients, and most of the individual PLFAs changed similarly to metal pollution at both sites. The relative quantities of the PLFAs br18:0, br17:0, i16:0, and i16:1 increased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of 20:4 and 18:2(omega)6, which is a predominant PLFA in many fungi, decreased. The fungal part of the microbial biomass was found to be more sensitive to heavy metals. This resulted in a decreased fungal/bacterial biomass ratio along the pollution gradient towards the smelters. The thymidine incorporation technique was used to study the heavy metal tolerance of the bacteria. The bacterial community at the Harjavalta smelter, exposed mainly to Cu deposition, exhibited an increased tolerance to Cu but not to Cd, Ni, and Zn. At the Ronnskar smelter the deposition consisting of a mixture of metals increased the bacterial community tolerance to all tested metals. Both the PLFA pattern and the bacterial community tolerance were affected at lower soil metal concentrations than were bacterial counts and bacterial activities. At Harjavalta the increased Cu tolerance of the bacteria and the change in the PLFA pattern of the microbial community were found at the same soil Cu concentrations. This indicated that the altered PLFA pattern was at least partly due to an altered, more metal-tolerant bacterial community. At Ronnskar, where the PLFA data varied more, a correlation between bacterial community tolerance and an altered PLFA pattern was found up to 10 to 15 km from the smelter. Farther away changes in the PLFA pattern could not be explained by an increased community tolerance to metals.
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23
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Einfluß chemischer Kontaminanten (insbesondere Schwermetalle) auf die Bodenorganismen und ihre ökologisch bedeutenden Aktivitäten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02938775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Díaz-Raviña M, Bååth E, Frostegård A. Multiple Heavy Metal Tolerance of Soil Bacterial Communities and Its Measurement by a Thymidine Incorporation Technique. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:2238-47. [PMID: 16349314 PMCID: PMC201638 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.7.2238-2247.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A thymidine incorporation technique was used to determine the tolerance of a soil bacterial community to Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Pb. An agricultural soil was artificially contaminated in our laboratory with individual metals at three different concentrations, and the results were compared with the results obtained by using the plate count technique. Thymidine incorporation was found to be a simple and rapid method for measuring tolerance. Data obtained by this technique were very reproducible. A linear relationship was found between changes in community tolerance levels obtained by the thymidine incorporation and plate count techniques (
r
= 0.732,
P
< 0.001). An increase in tolerance to the metal added to soil was observed for the bacterial community obtained from each polluted soil compared with the community obtained from unpolluted soil. The only exception was when Pb was added; no indication of Pb tolerance was found. An increase in the tolerance to metals other than the metal originally added to soil was also observed, indicating that there was multiple heavy metal tolerance at the community level. Thus, Cu pollution, in addition to increasing tolerance to Cu, also induced tolerance to Zn, Cd, and Ni. Zn and Cd pollution increased community tolerance to all five metals. Ni amendment increased tolerance to Ni the most but also increased community tolerance to Zn and, to lesser degrees, increased community tolerance to Pb and Cd. In soils polluted with Pb increased tolerance to other metals was found in the following order: Ni > Cd > Zn > Cu. We found significant positive relationships between changes in Cd, Zn, and Pb tolerance and, to a lesser degree, between changes in Pb and Ni tolerance when all metals and amendment levels were compared. The magnitude of the increase in heavy metal tolerance was found to be linearly related to the logarithm of the metal concentration added to the soil. Threshold tolerance concentrations were estimated from these linear relationships, and changes in tolerance could be detected at levels of soil contamination similar to those reported previously to result in changes in the phospholipid fatty acid pattern (Å. Frostegård, A. Tunlid, and E. Bååth, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 3605-3617, 1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Díaz-Raviña
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Frostegård A, Tunlid A, Bååth E. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition, Biomass, and Activity of Microbial Communities from Two Soil Types Experimentally Exposed to Different Heavy Metals. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:3605-17. [PMID: 16349080 PMCID: PMC182506 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.11.3605-3617.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern was analyzed in a forest humus and in an arable soil experimentally polluted with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn at different concentrations. In both soil types, there were gradual changes in the PLFA patterns for the different levels of metal contamination. The changes in the forest soil were similar irrespective of which metal was used, while in the arable soil the changes due to Cu contamination differed from those due to the other metals. Several PLFAs reacted similarly to the metal amendments in the two soil types, while others showed different responses. In both soils, the metal pollution resulted in a decrease in the iso-branched PLFAs i15:0 and i17:0 and in the monounsaturated 16:1ω5 and 16:1ω7
c
fatty acids, while increases were found for i16:0, the branched br17:0 and br18:0, and the cyclopropane cy17:0 fatty acids. In the forest soil, the methyl branched PLFAs 10Me16:0, 10Me17:0, and 10Me18:0 increased in metal-polluted soils, indicating an increase in actinomycetes, while in the arable soil a decrease was found for 10Me16:0 and 10Me18:0 in response to most metals. The bacterial PLFAs 15:0 and 17:0 increased in all metal-contaminated samples in the arable soil, while they were unaffected in the forest soil. Fatty acid 18:2ω6, which is considered to be predominantly of fungal origin, increased in the arable soil, except in the Cu-amended samples, in which it decreased instead. Effects on the PLFA patterns were found at levels of metal contamination similar to or lower than those at which effects on ATP content, soil respiration, or total amount of PLFAs had occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frostegård
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Helgonavägen 5, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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26
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27
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Różycki H. Effect of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd) on germination of conidia of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Kobus J, Kurek E. Effect of cadmium contained in plant residues on their microbial decomposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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30
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Kasan HC, Stegmann P. Bacterial bioabsorption of nickel from industrial cooling water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1987; 48:311-319. [PMID: 15092681 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1987] [Revised: 06/03/1987] [Accepted: 06/26/1987] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains tolerant to the presence of 100 mg litre(-1) nickel ions were isolated from a water reclamation system. Each organism was tested for ability to accumulate nickel at the above-mentioned concentration. The organism capable of maximum nickel accumulation was identified as an Enterobacter sp. and intracellular nickel deposition by this microorganism was determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy. A metal-staining technique for light microscopy was developed. Further studies revealed that growth and glucose utilisation by this isolate was inhibited in culture by nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kasan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts avenue, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
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31
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Occurrence of Curtobacterium sp. possessing ?-cyclohexyl fatty acids in soil with zinc added. Arch Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00413020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Ohya H, Komai Y, Yamaguchi M. Zinc tolerance of an isolated bacterium containing Ï-cyclohexyl fatty acid. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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33
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Soil microbial activity, mycelial lengths and physiological groups of bacteria in a heavy metal polluted area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(86)90108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Bengtsson G, Ohlsson L, Rundgren S. Influence of fungi on growth and survival of Onychiurus armatus (Collembola) in a metal polluted soil. Oecologia 1985; 68:63-68. [PMID: 28310912 DOI: 10.1007/bf00379475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/1985] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of food quantity and quality on growth and survival of Onychiurus armatus (Tullb.) in metal polluted environments has been investigated in laboratory experiments. The Collembola was reared on five species of fungi isolated from a metal polluted soil close to a brass mill in SE Sweden.Survival of O. armatus was improved when fungal biomass was continuously added in a polluted mor (1,300 ppm Zn and 200 ppm Cu), and when specimens were fed metal polluted fungi for 1, 3 and 7 days a week, only those that were starved had increased mortality. Allometric growth, on the other hand, was significantly reduced when Collembola was given surplus of metal polluted fungi, whereas growth losses caused by metals were offset by protein rich food. Hence, sufficient food quantities alone could overcome mortality losses but not growth retardation in a metal polluted environment.Feeding preference of O. armatus was not determined by the protein content of the fungi although this was beneficial for growth. Metals changed the relative palatability of fungal species, but one of the metal tolerant species, Paecilomyces farinosus, which was also protein rich, remained reasonably attractive for O. armatus also when it was metal polluted. The mechanisms by which growth and survival of O. armatus were promoted by a combination of protein and Zn/Cu rich fungi seemed to be crucial in understanding the fate of a population of this species in a metal polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bengtsson
- University of Lund, Ecology Building, Helgonavägen 5, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- University of Lund, Ecology Building, Helgonavägen 5, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sten Rundgren
- University of Lund, Ecology Building, Helgonavägen 5, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
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35
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Nelson Beyer W, Pattee OH, Sileo L, Hoffman DJ, Mulhern BM. Metal contamination in wildlife living near two zinc smelters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(85)90094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Nordgren A, Bååth E, Söderström B. Microfungi and Microbial Activity Along a Heavy Metal Gradient. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:1829-37. [PMID: 16346316 PMCID: PMC242546 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.6.1829-1837.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungal biomass, microfungal species composition, and soil respiration rate of conifer mor soil were studied along a steep copper and zinc gradient (up to 20,000 μg of Cu and 20,000 μg of Zn g
−1
dry soil) around a brass mill near the town of Gusum in South Sweden. Fungal biomass and soil respiration rate decreased by about 75% along the metal gradient. Above 1,000 μg of Cu g
−1
, the decrease was clearly evident; below 1,000 μg of Cu g
−1
, no obvious effects were observed, but there was a tendency for a decrease in total mycelial length. No decrease in CFU was found along the gradient, but fungal species composition was drastically changed. The frequency of the genera
Penicillium
and
Oidiodendron
decreased from about 30 and 20%, respectively, at the control sites to only a few percent close to the mill.
Mortierella
was most frequently isolated in moderately polluted sites, but at the highest pollution levels, a decrease in isolation frequency was evident. Some fungal taxa increased in abundance towards the mill, e.g.,
Geomyces
(from 1 to 10%),
Paecilomyces
(0 to 10%), and sterile forms (from 10 to 20%). Analyses with a multivariate statistical method (partial least squares) showed that organic matter content and soil moisture had little influence on the fungal community compared with the heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nordgren
- Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Lund, Helgonavägen 5, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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37
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Bengtsson G, Nordström S, Rundgren S. Population density and tissue metal concentration of lumbricids in forest soils near a brass mill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(83)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Martin M, Duncan E, Coughtrey P. The distribution of heavy metals in a contaminated woodland ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-148x(82)90049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Wong MH, Kwan SH. Fungal species isolated from the senescent leaves of Neyraudia arundinacea growing on areas disturbed by iron-ore mining activities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 1980; 22:322-330. [PMID: 7408824 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(80)90145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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40
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41
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Singhania RA, Sauerbeck D. Influence of zinc on aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19801430404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Brierley CL, Thornton I. Preliminary observations on the effect of heavy metals from mining and smelting on nitrogen-fixing bacteria in some British soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01999703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Litter accumulation in woodlands contaminated by Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu. Oecologia 1979; 39:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00345996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1978] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Babich H, Stotzky G. Toxicity of zinc to fungi, bacteria, and coliphages: influence of chloride ions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1978; 36:906-14. [PMID: 736544 PMCID: PMC243165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.36.6.906-914.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10 mM concentration of Zn2+ decreased the survival of Escherichia coli; enhanced the survival of Bacillus cereus; did not significantly affect the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Norcardia corallina, and T1, T7, P1, and phi80 coliphages; completely inhibited mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani; and reduced mycelial growth of Fusarium solani, Cunninghamella echinulata, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma viride. The toxicity of zinc to the fungi, bacteria, and coliphages was unaffected, lessened, or increased by the addition of high concentrations of NaCl. The increased toxicity of zinc in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl was not a result of a synergistic interaction between Zn2+ and elevated osmotic pressures but of the formation of complex anionic ZnCl species that exerted greater toxicities than did cationic Zn2+. Conversely, the decrease in zinc toxicity with increasing concentrations of NaCl probably reflected the decrease in the levels of Zn2+ due to the formation of Zn-Cl species, which was less inhibitory to these microbes than was Zn2+. A. niger tolerated higher concentrations of zinc in the presence of NaCl at 37 than at 25 degrees C.
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45
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Inman JC, Parker G. Decomposition and heavy metal dynamics of forest litter in Northwestern Indiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(78)90054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Strojan CL. Forest leaf litter decomposition in the vicinity of a zinc smelter. Oecologia 1978; 32:203-212. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00366072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/1977] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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