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Yang C, Mu Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li J. Tanshinone IIA: a Chinese herbal ingredient for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1321880. [PMID: 38108067 PMCID: PMC10722201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1321880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a fat-soluble compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has a protective effect against atherosclerosis (AS). Tan IIA can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory damage of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and improve endothelial cell dysfunction. Tan IIA also has a good protective effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). It can reduce vascular stenosis by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and improve the stability of the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation of VSMCs. In addition, Tan IIA inhibits the inflammatory response of macrophages and the formation of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. In summary, Tan IIA improves AS through a complex pathway. We propose to further study the specific molecular targets of Tan IIA using systems biology methods, so as to fundamentally elucidate the mechanism of Tan IIA. It is worth mentioning that there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based medical data on Tan IIA treatment of AS. We recommend that a randomized controlled clinical trial be conducted to evaluate the exact efficacy of Tan IIA in improving AS. Finally, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) can cause adverse drug reactions in some patients, which needs our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkun Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuanghong Li
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Yan N, Xiao C, Wang X, Xu Z, Yang J. Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza exerts anti-fibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts and rat heart tissues by suppressing the levels of pro-fibrotic factors: The key role of miR-618. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14078. [PMID: 35014054 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TAN) is widely employed for handling cardiovascular disorders. The current study explored the potential role of miRs in the antifibrotic effect of TAN on heart. Fibrotic features were induced in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and in rat hearts, and then handled with TAN. MicroRNAs (miRs) responding to TAN were determined using a microarray assay. The selected miR was modulated to verify its role in antifibrotic effects of TAN. TAN suppressed the viability and the production of α-SMA in CFs, which was associated with 101 miR being upregulated and 223 miR being downregulated. MiR-618 was selected as the potential target of TAN. Ang II inhibited miR-618 level and resulted in the upregulation of pro-fibrosis factors, which was reversed by TAN. The antifibrotic effect of TAN was weakened by miR-618 inhibition. TAN inhibits hypertrophy and collagen deposition in heart tissues, which is associated with the increased level of miR-618. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The findings outlined in the current study show that the antifibrotic function of TAN is closely related to the function of miRs: the induction of miR-618 is indispensable for the function of TAN against the fibrotic process after heart injury, which will promote the application of TAN as an adjuvant therapy for improving heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yan
- Second Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunqing Xiao
- Second Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xianggui Wang
- Second Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zufang Xu
- Second Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiangyong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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Yu Q, Zhao J, Liu B. Bazedoxifene activates the angiotensin II-induced HUVEC hypertension model by targeting SIRT1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:120. [PMID: 34970343 PMCID: PMC8713184 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in vascular function to vasoconstriction, pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress and carbon monoxide deficiency may to endothelial dysfunction and injury, which is the key event in hypertension. Estrogen receptor modulators play a protective role in blood vessels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bazedoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its potential underlying mechanism of action. The present study treated endothelial cells with different concentrations of bazedoxifene and determined cell viability using Cell Counting Kit-8 to screen for the optimal working concentration of bazedoxifene. Subsequently, an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular endothelial cell model was established to observe the effect of bazedoxifene on AngII-induced endothelial cells. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using NO and ROS kits, respectively. The protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins was detected using western blotting, and apoptosis was detected using a TUNEL assay. The results demonstrated that bazedoxifene promoted AngII-induced HUVEC viability, reduced the expression of stress-related proteins and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, bazedoxifene activated SIRT1 to promote the proliferation and inhibit the oxidative stress and apoptosis of AngII-induced HUVECs. These findings suggested that bazedoxifene could effectively promote AngII-induced HUVEC proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition, bazedoxifene protected HUVEC dysfunction induced by AngII by targeting the activation of SIRT1. In summary, bazedoxifene could improve the protective role against hypertension induced by AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shadong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Baotang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shadong 261031, P.R. China
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Yan Q, Mao Z, Hong J, Gao K, Niimi M, Mitsui T, Yao J. Tanshinone IIA Stimulates Cystathionine γ-Lyase Expression and Protects Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1007. [PMID: 34201701 PMCID: PMC8300834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), an active ingredient of Danshen, is a well-used drug to treat cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Given that many actions of Tan IIA could be similarly achieved by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), we speculated that Tan IIA might work through the induction of endogenous H2S. This study was to test this hypothesis. Exposure to endothelial cells to Tan IIA elevated H2S-synthesizing enzyme cystathionine γ-Lyase (CSE), associated with an increased level of endogenous H2S and free thiol activity. Further analysis revealed that this effect of Tan IIA was mediated by an estrogen receptor (ER) and cAMP signaling pathway. It stimulated VASP and CREB phosphorylation. Inhibition of ER or PKA abolished the CSE-elevating effect, whereas activation of ER or PKA mimicked the effect of Tan IIA. In an oxidative endothelial cell injury model, Tan IIA potently attenuated oxidative stress and inhibited cell death. In support of a role of endogenous H2S, inhibition of CSE aggerated oxidative cell injury. On the contrary, supplement of H2S attenuated cell injury. Collectively, our study characterized endogenous H2S as a novel mediator underlying the pharmacological actions of Tan IIA. Given the multifaceted functions of H2S, the H2S-stimulating property of Tan IIA could be exploited for treating many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojing Yan
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Q.Y.); (Z.M.); (J.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Zhimin Mao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Q.Y.); (Z.M.); (J.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Jingru Hong
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Q.Y.); (Z.M.); (J.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Q.Y.); (Z.M.); (J.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan;
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan;
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Q.Y.); (Z.M.); (J.H.); (K.G.)
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Feng J, Liu L, Yao F, Zhou D, He Y, Wang J. The protective effect of tanshinone IIa on endothelial cells: a generalist among clinical therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:239-248. [PMID: 33463381 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1878877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tanshinone IIa (TSA) has been approved to treat cardiovascular diseases by the China State Food and Drug Administration. TSA has exhibited a variety of pharmacological effects, including vasodilator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Endothelial cells play an important physiological role in vascular homeostasis and control inflammation, coagulation, and thrombosis. Accumulating studies have shown that TSA can improve endothelial function through various pathways. AREAS COVERED The PubMed database was reviewed for relevant papers published up to 2020. This review summarizes the current clinical and pharmaceutical studies to provide a systemic overview of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TSA on endothelial cells. EXPERT OPINION TSA is a representative monomeric compound extracted from Danshen and it exhibits significant pharmacological and therapeutic properties to improve endothelial cell function, including alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory injury, modulating ion channels and so on. TSA represents a spectrum of agents that are extracted from plants and can restore the endothelial function to establish the beneficial and harmless molecular therapeutics. This also suggests the possible detection of endothelial cells for very early diagnosis of diseases. In future, precise therapeutic methods will be developed to repair endothelial cells injury and recover endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Yao
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hu X, Li L, Song Y, Lu Y. Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicines for pulmonary heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24131. [PMID: 33429786 PMCID: PMC7793432 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous review indicate that the effect of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) on pulmonary heart disease (PHD) remains uncertainty. Therefore, we designed this study to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM in the treatment of PHD. METHODS Nine online databases will be searched from inception to October 01, 2021, and we will not restrict the language on included trials. Randomized controlled trials that included patients with PHD receiving TCM therapy vs a control group will be included. Two of us will perform independently the selection of studies, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. The RevMan V.5.2 software with fixed effects model or random effects model will be used to syntheses the data, according to the heterogeneity test to conduct the data synthesis. The dichotomous data and the continuous data will be presented with risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals and weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. And we will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system to evaluate the evidence quality. RESULT This study will assess effects and safety for TCM on PHD. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to prove the safety and effectiveness of TCM on PHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2020120024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Lulu Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Yuanying Song
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Yun Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Therapeutic Potential of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Human Diseases Based on Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense System: Bioactive Constituents and Mechanism of Action. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7309073. [PMID: 30050659 PMCID: PMC6040253 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating the intracellular antioxidant response and is an emerging target for the prevention and therapy of oxidative stress-related diseases. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is commonly used for the therapy of cardiac cerebral diseases. Cumulative evidences indicated that the extract of SMRR and its constituents, represented by lipophilic diterpenoid quinones and hydrophilic phenolic acids, were capable of activating Nrf2 and inhibiting oxidative stress. These bioactive constituents demonstrated a therapeutic potential against human diseases, exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, nephropathy, and inflammation, based on the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In the present review, we introduced the SMRR and Nrf2 signaling pathway, summarized the constituents with an Nrf2-inducing effect isolated from SMRR, and discussed the molecular mechanism and pharmacological functions of the SMRR extract and its constituents.
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The Signaling Pathways Involved in the Antiatherosclerotic Effects Produced by Chinese Herbal Medicines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5392375. [PMID: 30009170 PMCID: PMC6020658 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5392375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered to be the predominant cause of death in the world. Chinese herb medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for the treatment of CVDs in Asian countries for thousands of years. One reason of high efficacy of CHMs in treating CVDs is attributed to their inhibition in atherosclerosis (AS) development, a critical contributor to CVDs occurrence. Cumulative studies have demonstrated that CHMs alleviate atherogenesis via mediating pathophysiologic events involved in AS. However, there is deficiency in the summaries regarding antiatherogenic signal pathways regulated by CHMs. In this review, we focus on the signal cascades by which herb medicines and relevant extractives, derivatives, and patents improve proatherogenic processes including endothelium dysfunction, lipid accumulation, and inflammation. We mainly elaborate the CHMs-mediated signaling pathways in endothelial cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells of each pathogenic event. Moreover, we briefly describe the other AS-related factors such as thrombosis, autophagy, immune response, and noncoding RNAs and effects of CHMs on them in the way of cascade regulation, which is helpful to further illustrate the molecular mechanisms of AS initiation and progression and discover newly effective agents for AS management.
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Kuang H, Wang Y, Hu J, Wang C, Lu S, Mo X. A Method for Preparation of an Internal Layer of Artificial Vascular Graft Co-Modified with Salvianolic Acid B and Heparin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19365-19372. [PMID: 29782791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is derived from Chinese salvia ( Salvia miltiorrhiza), a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, can promote the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. The inner layer of an artificial vascular graft was fabricated using the coaxial electrospinning method and was loaded with the anticoagulant heparin and SAB. The release of heparin and SAB was sustained for almost 30 days and without an initial burst release of SAB. Furthermore, the combined effect of SAB and heparin contributed to promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) growth and improved the blood compatibility of the graft. In addition, upregulation of GRP78 by SAB protected human endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. In vivo evaluation through Masson's trichrome and H&E staining was performed after the graft was subcutaneously embedded in SD rats for 2 weeks and indicated that the graft possessed satisfactory biocompatibility and did not cause a significant immune response. Hence, the functional inner layer is promising for preventing acute thrombosis and promotes rapid endothelialization of artificial vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Kuang
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Shuyang Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang L, Ma R, Liu C, Liu H, Zhu R, Guo S, Tang M, Li Y, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1077-1097. [PMID: 27748194 PMCID: PMC5421141 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161010105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China and other Asia countries. Here, we summarize literatures of the historical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its use in current clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological findings by consulting Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, and the Web of Science Databases. Since 2000, 39 clinical trials have been identified that used S. miltiorrhiza in TCM prescriptions alone or with other herbs for the treatment of patients with CVD. More than 200 individual compounds have been isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza, which exhibited various pharmacological activities targeting different pathways for the treatment of CVD in various animal and cell models. The isolated compounds may provide new perspectives in alternative treatment regimes and reveal novel chemical scaffolds for the development of anti-CVD drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some rising concerns of the potential side effects and drug-drug interactions of this plant. The insights gained from this study will help us to better understanding of the actions of this herb for management of cardiovascular disorders. As an herb of red root, S. miltiorrhiza will act as a potential red light to prevent the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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12
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Zhu H, Chen Z, Ma Z, Tan H, Xiao C, Tang X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Gao Y. Tanshinone IIA Protects Endothelial Cells from H₂O₂-Induced Injuries via PXR Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:599-608. [PMID: 28173640 PMCID: PMC5685429 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a pharmacologically active substance extracted from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (also known as the Chinese herb Danshen), and is widely used to treat atherosclerosis. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of xenobiotic and endobiotic detoxification. Tan IIA is an efficacious PXR agonist that has a potential protective effect on endothelial injuries induced by xenobiotics and endobiotics via PXR activation. Previously numerous studies have demonstrated the possible effects of Tan IIA on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but the further mechanism for its exerts the protective effect is not well established. To study the protective effects of Tan IIA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we pretreated cells with or without different concentrations of Tan IIA for 24 h, then exposed the cells to 400 μM H2O2 for another 3 h. Therefore, our data strongly suggests that Tan IIA may lead to increased regeneration of glutathione (GSH) from the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) produced during the GSH peroxidase-catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 in HUVECs, and the PXR plays a significant role in this process. Tan IIA may also exert protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway associated with the participation of PXR. Tan IIA protected HUVECs from inflammatory mediators triggered by H2O2 via PXR activation. In conclusion, Tan IIA protected HUVECs against H2O2-induced cell injury through PXR-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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13
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tanshinone IIA derivatives as novel endothelial protective agents. Future Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury is a main risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) exerts protective functions on endothelial cells in response to oxidative stress. To exploit new bioactive compounds from this natural product, 12 derivatives were first synthesized and evaluated for endothelial protective activities. Materials & methods: Title compounds were prepared according to high-yielded synthetic routes, and their protective effects on human endothelial EA.hy926 cells were evaluated. To explore the mechanism, their inhibition on apoptosis of endothelial cells and Nrf2 activating activities were investigated. Furthermore, computational ADME prediction and water solubility assay were carried out for active compounds. Results: Most of them exhibited potent endothelial protective effects on EA.hy926 cells injured by H2O2. In particular, compounds I-2 and II showed increased activity and water solubility compared with Tan IIA. Moreover, they reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells. A further exploration on the two compounds suggested that their actions were mediated by upregulation of antioxidant genes through activating Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion: These Tan IIA derivatives clearly showed related activities for the development of a new type of endothelial protective agents. [Formula: see text]
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Fang J, Little PJ, Xu S. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Targets of Tanshinones Derived From Herbal Medicine Danshen. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:201-228. [PMID: 28295428 DOI: 10.1002/med.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate multiple therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), rendering herb-derived phytochemicals effective against one of the major CVDs-atherosclerosis. Danshen (Salvia milthiorriza Bunge) is a Chinese medicine that has been used in cardio- and cerebro-vascular therapeutic remedies in Asian countries for many years. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies suggests that major lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen can treat atherosclerotic CVDs. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tanshinones in treating atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to chronic inflammation. We also overview new molecular targets of tanshinones, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase, ABC transporter A1, heme oxygenase 1, soluble epoxide hydrolase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estrogen receptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Thus, this review provides a new perspective for advancing our understanding of the "ancient" herb Danshen from "modern" biomedical perspectives, supporting the possibility of exploiting tanshinones and derivatives as effective therapeutics against atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital,Southern Medical University, 48 Xinhua Road, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642
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15
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Rescue therapy with Tanshinone IIA hinders transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease via targeting GSK3β. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36698. [PMID: 27857162 PMCID: PMC5114614 DOI: 10.1038/srep36698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains challenging for clinical practice and poses a risk of developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) with no definitive treatment available yet. Tanshinone IIA, an active ingredient of Chinese herbal Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used in Asia for the remarkable organoprotective activities. Its effect on established AKI, however, remains unknown. In mice with folic acid-induced AKI, delayed treatment with Tanshinone IIA, commenced early or late after injury, diminished renal expression of kidney injury markers, reduced apoptosis and improved kidney dysfunction, concomitant with mitigated histologic signs of AKI to CKD transition, including interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and with an ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in tubulointerstitium and a favored M2-skewed macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, Tanshinone IIA blunted glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β overactivity and hyperactivation of its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases that are centrally implicated in renal fibrogenesis and inflammation. Inhibition of GSK3β is likely a key mechanism mediating the therapeutic activity of Tanshinone IIA, because sodium nitroprusside, a GSK3β activator, largely offset its renoprotective effect. In confirmatory studies, rescue treatment with Tanshinone IIA likewise ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney destruction in mice. Our data suggest that Tanshinone IIA represents a valuable treatment that improves post-AKI kidney salvage via targeting GSK3β.
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Jiang C, Zhu W, Shao Q, Yan X, Jin B, Zhang M, Xu B. Tanshinone IIA Protects Against Folic Acid-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:737-53. [PMID: 27222061 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a diterpene extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, a popular and safe herb medicine that has been widely used in China and other Asian countries. Previous studies have demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of Tanshinone IIA on many disease treatments via its antitoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, as well as antifibrosis activities. However, its effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been fully investigated. Here, we show for the first time that systemic administration of Tanshinone IIA can lead to improved kidney function in folic acid-induced kidney injury mice. In the acute phase of AKI, Tanshinone IIA attenuated renal tubular epithelial injury, as determined by histologic changes and the detection of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the kidney and urine. Additionally, Tanshinone IIA treatment resulted in elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and decreased inflammatory cells infiltration as well as chemokine expression, suggesting that Tanshinone IIA promoted renal repair following AKI and inhibited local inflammatory response in the injured kidney. This led to decreased long-term fibrosis in the injured kidney, characterized by less accumulation of fibronectin and collagen I in tubulointerstitium. Taken together, these results suggest that Tanshinone IIA may represent a potential approach for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Jiang
- * Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- * Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Shao
- * Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yan
- † Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- * Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- * Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- ‡ Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
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Zhuang S, Cheng TH, Shih NL, Liu JC, Chen JJ, Hong HJ, Chan P. Tanshinone IIA Induces Heme Oxygenase 1 Expression and Inhibits Cyclic Strain-Induced Interleukin 8 Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:377-88. [PMID: 27080946 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1650021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is the main effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as “Danshen,” which has been used in many therapeutic remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the direct effects of tanshinone IIA on vascular endothelial cells have not yet been fully described. In the present study, we demonstrated that tanshinone IIA increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot analyses and experiments with specific inhibitors indicated tanshinone IIA enhanced HO-1 expression through the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the subsequent induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. In addition, tanshinone IIA inhibited cyclic strain induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. HO-1 silencing significantly abrogated the repressive effects of tanshinone IIA on strain-induced IL-8 expression, which suggests HO-1 has a role in mediating the effects of tanshinone IIA. This study reports for the first time that tanshinone IIA inhibits cyclic strain-induced IL-8 expression via the induction of HO-1 in endothelial cells, providing valuable new insight into the molecular pathways that may contribute to the effects of tanshinone IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Nang-Lang Shih
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Paul Chan
- Shanghai East Taiwanese Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Deparment of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shu M, Hu XR, Hung ZA, Huang DD, Zhang S. Effects of tanshinone IIA on fibrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis through heme oxygenase-1, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3036-42. [PMID: 26936326 PMCID: PMC4805076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effects of tanshinone IIA against fibrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used as the model of cirrhosis in the present study. In the cirrhotic rats, the extent of fibrosis, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression, serum levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were all significantly increased. However, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and protein kinase B (Akt) protein expression were suppressed in cirrhotic rats compared with the sham (control) group. Compared with the cirrhotic group, administration of tanshinone IIA reduced the extent of fibrosis, levels of ALT and AST, HO-1 protein expression, serum NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Furthermore, administration of tanshinone IIA significantly increased the inhibition of the serum MDA activity and the Akt protein expression in cirrhotic rats compared with those in the cirrhotic group. The protective effect of tanshinone IIA suppresses fibrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, via the HO-1, Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Hu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-An Hung
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Dam-Dan Huang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Abstract
Tanshinones are lipophilic compounds derived fromSalvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen) that has been widely used to treat coronary heart diseases in China. The cardioprotective actions of tanshinones have been extensively studied in various models of myocardial infarction, cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, hypoxia, and cardiomyopathy. This review outlines the recent development in understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective actions of tanshinones, in particular on mitochondrial apoptosis, calcium, nitric oxide, ROS, TNF-α, PKC, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smad mechanisms, which highlights the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Cao H, Zhang L, Sun ZB, Cheng XH, Zhang Y, Zou HB. Salvia miltiorrhiza prevents deep vein thrombosis via antioxidative effects in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3593-600. [PMID: 25572347 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common clinical problem, which represents a significant clinical and economic burden. The present study investigated whether Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) could prevent DVT. A total of 30 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): The control, model and Salvia groups. A ligation model was used, where the femoral veins of rabbits were exposed and ligated. Measurements of coagulation function, blood rheological parameters, antioxidative function and effects on endothelial cells were conducted. Treatment with S. miltiorrhiza one week prior to generation of the ligation model did not affect the coagulation function much, except to increase the prothrombin time. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in whole blood viscosity (1/s, 5/s, 30/s) on the third and seventh days (1/s, 5/s, 30/s and 200/s) following generation of the model. S. miltiorrhiza exhibited promising antioxidative effects, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content (P<0.05), and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (P<0.05), as compared with the model group. S. miltiorrhiza was also shown to protect the vascular endothelial cells, as compared with the model group. These results suggest that S. miltiorrhiza may have potential applications for the treatment of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bing Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhao C, Qin X, Zhu Q, Chen S, Qu J. Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection on Pulmonary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1315-31. [PMID: 25395310 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease) is a chronic progressive complicated disease for which treatment needs to be sustained all the time, creating a great financial burden on individuals and society. In order to improve the life quality of cor pulmonale patients and decrease the dosage and quantity of the routine treatment, in China, TCM is often administered to patients with cor pulmonale. The results of many clinical trials have indicated that Salvia miltiorrhiza and complex Salvia miltiorrhiza injection may be an alternative medicine for cor pulmonale. With the purpose to prove whether Salvia miltiorrhiza and complex Salvia miltiorrhiza benefit the cor pulmonale patients, respectively, we carried out a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza and complex Salvia miltiorrhiza injection in cor pulmonale patients. Overall, 2,715 patients were identified from 35 randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis used I2 test for heterogeneity and chose random or fixed model according to heterogeneity of included studies. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by total effectiveness rate, partial pressure of oxygen ( PaO 2) and carbon dioxide ( PaCO 2), hemorheology, mPAP and adverse effects. Compared with routine medicine treatment alone, routine medicine treatment plus Salvia miltiorrhiza or complex Salvia miltiorrhiza injection showed better outcomes: A significantly higher clinical effectiveness rate ratio (p < 0.001), increase in PaO 2 (p < 0.001) and decrease in PaCO 2 (p < 0.001), improvement in hemorheology (p < 0.001), and alleviation in mPAP (p < 0.05). There is no obvious adverse effect reported. In summary, there are some evidences suggesting that Salvia miltiorrhiza or complex Salvia miltiorrhiza injection are active in cor pulmonale, however, the results were limited by the methodological flaws of the included studies. Long-term and high quality clinical trials are needed to provide more conclusive evidence for the future use of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of GCP Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
- Department of Pneumology, ShenZhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of GCP Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of General Family Medicine, Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiude Qin
- Department of Pneumology, ShenZhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Qinghua Zhu
- Department of Pneumology, ShenZhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Pneumology, ShenZhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Jinglai Qu
- Department of Pneumology, ShenZhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
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Wen XD, Wang CZ, Yu C, Zhang Z, Calway T, Wang Y, Li P, Yuan CS. Salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen) significantly ameliorates colon inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1097-108. [PMID: 24117071 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risks of human colorectal cancer. In this study, the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) on chemically-induced colitis in a mouse model were evaluated. Chemical composition of SME was determined by HPLC analysis. A/J mice received a single injection of AOM 7.5 mg/kg. After one week, these mice received 2.5% DSS for eight days, or DSS plus SME (25 or 50 mg/kg). DSS-induced colitis was scored with the disease activity index (DAI). Body weight and colon length were also measured. The severity of inflammatory lesions was further evaluated by colon tissue histological assessment. HPLC assay showed that the major constituents in the tested SME were danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid D, and salvianolic acid B. In the model group, the DAI score reached its highest level on Day 8, while the SME group on both doses showed a significantly reduced DAI score (both p < 0.01). As an objective index of the severity of inflammation, colon length was significantly shorter in the model group than the vehicle group. Treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg of SME inhibited the shortening of colon in a dose-related manner (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). SME groups also significantly reduced weight reduction (p < 0.05). Colitis histological data supported the pharmacological observations. Thus, Salvia miltiorrhiza could be a promising candidate in preventing and treating colitis and in reducing the risks of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009, China , Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA , Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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