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Xu Z, Mak JWY, Lin Y, Yang K, Liu Q, Zhang F, Lau L, Tang W, Ching JY, Tun HM, Chan P, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Mixed-donor faecal microbiota transplantation was associated with increased butyrate-producing bacteria for obesity. Gut 2024; 73:875-878. [PMID: 37001978 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Xu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Wing Yan Mak
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Louis Lau
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica Yl Ching
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tomlinson B, Chan P. Effects of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:175-179. [PMID: 38594810 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2341882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last few years, there has been a substantial increase in the data available about the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Very little new information is available for the other groups of glucose-lowering drugs. AREAS COVERED This brief report summarizes the recent information about the respective benefits of the two newer groups of glucose-lowering drugs and the effects on cardiovascular risk factors that may be involved in these benefits. The articles reviewed were identified by a Medline search. EXPERT OPINION Recent guidelines recommend SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs with proven cardiovascular disease benefits as potential first line treatment for patients with T2D and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or those with high risk of ASCVD or with chronic kidney disease or heart failure. Both groups of drugs have been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms vary between them. SGLT2 inhibitors are preferred for the treatment and prevention of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, whereas GLP-1 RAs are more effective in reducing body weight and improving glycemic control in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Burotto M, Zvirbule Z, Mochalova A, Runglodvatana Y, Herraez-Baranda L, Liu SN, Chan P, Shearer-Kang E, Liu X, Tosti N, Zanghi JA, Leutgeb B, Felip E. Corrigendum to 'IMscin001 Part 2: a randomised phase III, open-label, multicentre study examining the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of atezolizumab subcutaneous versus intravenous administration in previously treated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and pharmacokinetics comparison with other approved indications': [Annals of Oncology 34 (2023) p693-702]. Ann Oncol 2024:S0923-7534(23)05112-8. [PMID: 38195363 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Burotto
- Centro de Investigación, Clínica Bradford Hill, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Z Zvirbule
- Latvian Oncology Center, Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Mochalova
- Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy, MEDSI Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Runglodvatana
- Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Herraez-Baranda
- Product Development Medical Affairs Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S N Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - P Chan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - E Shearer-Kang
- Product Safety Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X Liu
- Data and Statistical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Tosti
- Product Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Zanghi
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Leutgeb
- Product Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Felip
- Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Research Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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Baldi E, Klersy C, Chan P, Elmer J, Ball J, Counts CR, Rosell Ortiz F, Fothergill R, Auricchio A, Paoli A, Karam N, McNally B, Martin-Gill C, Nehme Z, Drucker CJ, Ruiz Azpiazu JI, Mellett-Smith A, Cresta R, Scquizzato T, Jouven X, Primi R, Al-Araji R, Guyette FX, Sayre MR, Daponte Codina A, Benvenuti C, Marijon E, Savastano S. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2024; 194:110043. [PMID: 37952575 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Prior studies have reported increased out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) incidence and lower survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated how the COVID-19 pandemic affected OHCA incidence, bystander CPR rate and patients' outcomes, accounting for regional COVID-19 incidence and OHCA characteristics. METHODS Individual patient data meta-analysis of studies which provided a comparison of OHCA incidence during the first pandemic wave (COVID-period) with a reference period of the previous year(s) (pre-COVID period). We computed COVID-19 incidence per 100,000 inhabitants in each of 97 regions per each week and divided it into its quartiles. RESULTS We considered a total of 49,882 patients in 10 studies. OHCA incidence increased significantly compared to previous years in regions where weekly COVID-19 incidence was in the fourth quartile (>136/100,000/week), and patients in these regions had a lower odds of bystander CPR (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.29-0.81, p = 0.005). Overall, the COVID-period was associated with an increase in medical etiology (89.2% vs 87.5%, p < 0.001) and OHCAs at home (74.7% vs 67.4%, p < 0.001), and a decrease in shockable initial rhythm (16.5% vs 20.3%, p < 0.001). The COVID-period was independently associated with pre-hospital death (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.55-1.93, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with survival to hospital admission (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.64-0.72, p < 0.001) and survival to discharge (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.46-0.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS During the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, there was higher OHCA incidence and lower bystander CPR rate in regions with a high-burden of COVID-19. COVID-19 was also associated with a change in patient characteristics and lower survival independently of COVID-19 incidence in the region where OHCA occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baldi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Science Research Team (RESTART), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biostatistics & Clinical Trial Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul Chan
- Department of Medicine, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, USA
| | - Jonathan Elmer
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jocasta Ball
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine R Counts
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA; Seattle Fire Department, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando Rosell Ortiz
- Servicio de Emergencias 061 de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Rachael Fothergill
- Clinical Audit & Research Unit, London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Fondazione Ticino Cuore, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Paoli
- Centrale Operativa Provinciale SUEM 118, Azienda ULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Nicole Karam
- Division of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bryan McNally
- Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Christian Martin-Gill
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ziad Nehme
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - José Ignacio Ruiz Azpiazu
- Servicio de Emergencias 061 de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Adam Mellett-Smith
- Clinical Audit & Research Unit, London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ruggero Cresta
- Fondazione Ticino Cuore, Lugano, Switzerland; Federazione Cantonale Ticinese Servizi Autoambulanze, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Scquizzato
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Division of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Primi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Science Research Team (RESTART), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rabab Al-Araji
- Emory University, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Francis X Guyette
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michael R Sayre
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA; Seattle Fire Department, Seattle, USA
| | - Antonio Daponte Codina
- Andalusian School of Public Health, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Eloi Marijon
- Division of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Savastano
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Science Research Team (RESTART), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Wu W, Bao W, Chen X, Lu Y, Fang J, Liu J, Peng S, Pi J, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhuang T. Corrigendum to "Endothelial Gata6 deletion reduces monocyte recruitment and proinflammatory macrophage formation and attenuates atherosclerosis through Cmpk2-Nlrp3 pathways" [Redox Biol. 64 (2023) 102775]. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102854. [PMID: 37596238 PMCID: PMC10505904 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wenzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yushi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Trauma, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Huang YP, Huang WW, Tsai KF, Shiao LR, Yang ZH, Tseng SY, Lin YH, Chen CY, Chan P, Leung YM. CDN1163, a SERCA activator, causes intracellular Ca 2+ leak, mitochondrial hyperpolarization and cell cycle arrest in mouse neuronal N2A cells. Neurotoxicology 2023; 98:9-15. [PMID: 37429421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activity or expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) is diminished in some disease states such as cardiac failure and diabetes mellitus. A newly developed activator of SERCA, CDN1163, reportedly rescued or alleviated pathological conditions attributed to dysfunctional SERCA. We examined whether CDN1163 could relieve mouse neuronal N2A cell growth inhibition caused by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, SERCA inhibitor). We also examined how CDN1163 affected cytosolic Ca2+, mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential. METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion test. Cytosolic Ca2+, mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using fura 2, Rhod-2 and JC-1, respectively, as fluorescent probes. RESULTS CDN1163 (10 μM) itself suppressed cell proliferation, and did not alleviate CPA's inhibitory effect (and vice versa). Cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase after CDN1163 treatment. CDN1163 treatment caused a slow yet persistent cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation partly due to Ca2+ release from an internal store other than the CPA-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Treatment with CDN1163 for 3 h raised mitochondrial Ca2+ level and such increase was suppressed by MCU-i4 (an inhibitor of mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter, MCU), suggesting Ca2+ entered the mitochondrial matrix through MCU. Treatment of cells with CDN1163 up to 2 days resulted in mitochondrial hyperpolarization. CONCLUSION CDN1163 caused internal Ca2+ leak, cytosolic Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation and hyperpolarization, cell cycle arrest and cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Feng Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Sciences Industry, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Zih-He Yang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yun Tseng
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Yu Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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7
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Wu W, Bao W, Chen X, Lu Y, Fang J, Liu J, Peng S, Pi J, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhuang T. Endothelial Gata6 deletion reduces monocyte recruitment and proinflammatory macrophage formation and attenuates atherosclerosis through Cmpk2-Nlrp3 pathways. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102775. [PMID: 37339559 PMCID: PMC10363430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction results in chronic vascular inflammation, which is critical for the development of atherosclerotic diseases. Transcription factor Gata6 has been reported to regulate vascular endothelial cell activation and inflammation in vitro. Here, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of endothelial Gata6 in atherogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC) specific Gata6 deletion was generated in the ApoeKO hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis mouse model. Atherosclerotic lesion formation, endothelial inflammatory signaling, and endothelial-macrophage interaction were examined in vivo and in vitro by using cellular and molecular biological approaches. EC-GATA6 deletion mice exhibited a significant decrease in monocyte infiltration and atherosclerotic lesion compared to littermate control mice. Cytosine monophosphate kinase 2 (Cmpk2) was identified as a direct target gene of GATA6 and EC-GATA6 deletion decreased monocyte adherence, migration and pro-inflammatory macrophage foam cell formation through regulation of the CMPK2-Nlrp3 pathway. Endothelial target delivery of Cmpk2-shRNA by intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (Icam-2) promoter-driven AAV9 carrying the shRNA reversed the Gata6 upregulation mediated elevated Cmpk2 expression and further Nlrp3 activation and thus attenuated atherosclerosis. In addition, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (Ccl5) was also identified as a direct target gene of Gata6 to regulate monocyte adherence and migration influencing atherogenesis. This study provides direct in vivo evidence of EC-GATA6 involvement in the regulation of Cmpk2-Nlrp3, as well as Ccl5, on monocyte adherence and migration in atherosclerosis development and advances our understanding of the in vivo mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesion development, and meanwhile provides opportunities for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wenzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yushi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Trauma, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Burotto M, Zvirbule Z, Mochalova A, Runglodvatana Y, Herraez-Baranda L, Liu SN, Chan P, Shearer-Kang E, Liu X, Tosti N, Zanghi JA, Leutgeb B, Felip E. IMscin001 Part 2: a randomised phase III, open-label, multicentre study examining the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of atezolizumab subcutaneous versus intravenous administration in previously treated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and pharmacokinetics comparison with other approved indications. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:693-702. [PMID: 37268157 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atezolizumab intravenous (IV) is approved for the treatment of various solid tumours. To improve treatment convenience and health care efficiencies, a coformulation of atezolizumab and recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 was developed for subcutaneous (SC) use. Part 2 of IMscin001 (NCT03735121) was a randomised phase III, open-label, multicentre, noninferiority study comparing the drug exposure of atezolizumab SC with atezolizumab IV. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer were randomised 2 : 1 to receive atezolizumab SC (1875 mg; n = 247) or IV (1200 mg; n = 124) every 3 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were cycle 1 observed trough serum concentration (Ctrough) and model-predicted area under the curve from days 0 to 21 (AUC0-21 d). The secondary endpoints were steady-state exposure, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Exposure following atezolizumab SC was then compared with historical atezolizumab IV values across approved indications. RESULTS The study met both of its co-primary endpoints: cycle 1 observed Ctrough {SC: 89 μg/ml [coefficient of variation (CV): 43%] versus IV: 85 μg/ml (CV: 33%); geometric mean ratio (GMR), 1.05 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.24]} and model-predicted AUC0-21 d [SC: 2907 μg d/ml (CV: 32%) versus IV: 3328 μg d/ml (CV: 20%); GMR, 0.87 (90% CI 0.83-0.92)]. Progression-free survival [hazard ratio 1.08 (95% CI 0.82-1.41)], objective response rate (SC: 12% versus IV: 10%), and incidence of anti-atezolizumab antibodies (SC: 19.5% versus IV: 13.9%) were similar between arms. No new safety concerns were identified. Ctrough and AUC0-21 d for atezolizumab SC were consistent with the other approved atezolizumab IV indications. CONCLUSIONS Compared with IV, atezolizumab SC demonstrated noninferior drug exposure at cycle 1. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity were similar between arms and consistent with the known profile for atezolizumab IV. Similar drug exposure and clinical outcomes following SC and IV administration support the use of atezolizumab SC as an alternative to atezolizumab IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burotto
- Centro de Investigación, Clínica Bradford Hill, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Z Zvirbule
- Latvian Oncology Center, Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Mochalova
- Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy, MEDSI Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Runglodvatana
- Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Herraez-Baranda
- Product Development Medical Affairs Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S N Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - P Chan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - E Shearer-Kang
- Product Safety Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X Liu
- Data and Statistical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Tosti
- Product Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Zanghi
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Leutgeb
- Product Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Felip
- Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Research Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Wang X, Chen X, Wang Y, Peng S, Pi J, Yue J, Meng Q, Liu J, Zheng L, Chan P, Tomlinson B, Liu Z, Zhang Y. The Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combination with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2805-2817. [PMID: 37426518 PMCID: PMC10328105 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s410840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk can be modified by chronic systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a reliable and easily available marker of immune response to various infectious and non-infectious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of Lp(a) and NLR in predicting the ASCVD risk and coronary artery plaque traits. Methods This study included 1618 patients who had coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) with risk assessment of ASCVD. CTA was used to evaluate the traits of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, and the association of ASCVD with Lp(a) and NLR was assessed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results Plasma Lp(a) and NLR were significantly increased in patients having plaques. High Lp(a) was defined as the plasma Lp(a) level > 75 nmol/L and high NLR as NLR > 1.686. The patients were grouped into four categories according to normal or high NLR and plasma Lp(a) as nLp(a)/NLR-, hLp(a)/NLR-, nLp(a)/NLR+ and hLp(a)/NLR+. The patients in the latter three groups had higher risk of ASCVD compared to the reference group nLp(a)/NLR-, with the highest ASCVD risk in the hLp(a)/NLR+ group (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.49-3.83, P = 0.000). The occurrence of unstable plaques was 29.94% in the hLp(a)/NLR+ group, which was significantly higher than groups nLp(a)/NLR+, hLp(a)/NLR- and nLp(a)/NLR- with 20.83%, 26.54% and 22.58%, respectively, and there was a significantly increased risk of unstable plaque in the hLp(a)/NLR+ group compared to the nLp(a)/NLR- group (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.04-2.68, P = 0.035). The risk of stable plaque was not significantly increased in the hLp(a)/NLR+ group compared to the nLp(a)/NLR- group (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 0.96-3.10, P = 0.066). Conclusion The concomitant presence of elevated Lp(a) and higher NLR is associated with increased unstable coronary artery plaques in patients with ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Trauma, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinnan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
- Jian hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jian, 343006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Z, Lau JTF, Lam PPK, Chan P, Fong F, Mo PKH. Promotion of human papillomavirus vaccination among Chinese men who have sex with men: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 3:9-15. [PMID: 37357584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J T F Lau
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P P K Lam
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Fong
- Neo-Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P K H Mo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ng RW, Dharmaratne P, Wong S, Hawkey P, Chan P, Ip M. Revisiting the donor screening protocol of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT): a systematic review. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2023-329515. [PMID: 37142392 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Wy Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Priyanga Dharmaratne
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Sunny Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Peter Hawkey
- Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kannan P, Cheing G, Fung B, Leung WC, Tang G, Chung R, Chan P. A new biofeedback device to improve adherence to pelvic floor muscle training in women with urinary incontinence: a randomised controlled pilot trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28 Suppl 6:23-24. [PMID: 36535794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Kannan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - G Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - B Fung
- Physiotherapy Department, Kwong Wah Hospital
| | - W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital
| | - G Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital
| | - R Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - P Chan
- The University of Hong Kong
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Burotto M, Zvirbule Z, Mochalova A, Runglodvatana Y, Herraez Baranda L, Liu S, Chan P, Shearer-Kang E, Shivhare M, Tosti N, Zanghi J, Leutgeb B, Felip E. 61MO IMscin001 (part 2: randomized phase III): Pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy and safety of atezolizumab (atezo) subcutaneous (SC) vs intravenous (IV) in previously treated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Leong IL, Yu CM, Shiao LR, Chan P, Wu KC, Leung YM. Sensitivity of Ca 2+-sensing receptor-transient receptor potential-mediated Ca 2+ influx to extracellular acidity in bEND.3 endothelial cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:277-281. [PMID: 36588353 DOI: 10.4103/0304-4920.365460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+. In our previous works, we showed protein and functional expression of CaSR in mouse cerebral endothelial cell (EC) (bEND.3); the CaSR response (high Ca2+-elicited cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation) was unaffected by suppression of phospholipase C but in part involved Ca2+ influx through transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels. In this work, we investigated if extracellular acidity affected CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx triggered by high (3 mM) Ca2+ (CaSR agonist), 3 mM spermine (CaSR agonist), and 10 mM cinacalcet (positive allosteric modulator of CaSR). Extracellular acidosis (pH 6.8 and pH 6.0) strongly suppressed cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation triggered by high Ca2+, spermine, and cinacalcet; acidosis also inhibited Mn2+ influx stimulated by high Ca2+ and cinacalcet. Purinoceptor-triggered Ca2+ response, however, was not suppressed by acidosis. Extracellular acidity also did not affect membrane potential, suggesting suppressed CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx in acidity did not result from the reduced electrical driving force for Ca2+. Our results suggest Ca2+ influx through a putative CaSR-TRP complex in bEND.3 EC was sensitive to extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi; Department of Information Management, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tomlinson B, Li YH, Chan P. Evaluating gliclazide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1869-1877. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2141108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yan-hong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Geynisman D, Chan P, Robert N, Chen L, Del Tejo V, Rosenblatt L, Huo S, Doshi G. 1465P Real-world (RW) outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with first-line (1L) nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) in the United States. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Roessler LL, Holmberg MJ, Pawar RD, Lassen AT, Moskowitz A, Grossestreuer A, Moskowitz A, Edelson D, Ornato J, Peberdy MA, Churpek M, Kurz M, Starks MA, Chan P, Girotra S, Perman S, Goldberger Z. Resuscitation Quality in the ICU. Chest 2022; 162:569-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Liu C, Liu L, Chen X, Wei L, Liu J, Peng S, Pi J, Zhang Q, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang L, Fan H, Zheng L, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Association of Elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Its Mortality in Elderly Community-Dwelling Chinese. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1139-1150. [PMID: 35942336 PMCID: PMC9356737 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s368219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With increase of population aging, the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in elderly is increasing. High TSH level was reported to be associated with ASCVD and CVD mortality; however, few are studied in Chinese population, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated serum TSH and ASCVD in an elderly population of Chinese community and to explore the association between high serum TSH and ASCVD or CVD mortality. Patients and Methods We conducted a study involving 3814 adults who were at least 60 years of age. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory blood samples were collected in 2014, and a 78-months follow-up for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was performed till December of 2020. Logistics regression was used to analyze the association between TSH and ASCVD. We used Cox models to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and CVD mortality across changes in serum TSH. Results In this study, the prevalence of the elevated serum TSH was 19.8%, and significantly higher in women than in men (24.5% vs 13.9%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of ASCVD was 21.7%. In logistics regression models, elevated TSH was associated with ASCVD after adjusting for the risk factors of ASCVD in people over the age of 70 years (adjusted OR 1.054, P = 0.014). After a follow-up of 6.5 years, total 441 (11.6%) all-cause death and 174 (4.6%) death of CVD were observed. In Cox regression model, no significant correlation was found between TSH and all-cause mortality or CVD mortality in the elderly population. Conclusion In the elderly population, there is high prevalence of elevated serum TSH and ASCVD. Elevated TSH seemed to be not associated with risk of all-cause or CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingLu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuzhen Zhang; Zhongmin Liu, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21-61569673, Email ;
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Chen X, Xu J, Bao W, Li H, Wu W, Liu J, Pi J, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Ruan C, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Fan H, Morrisey E, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Lin L, Liu J, Zhuang T. Endothelial Foxp1 Regulates Neointimal Hyperplasia Via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B Signal Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026378. [PMID: 35904197 PMCID: PMC9375493 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The endothelium is essential for maintaining vascular physiological homeostasis and the endothelial injury leads to the neointimal hyperplasia because of the excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial Foxp1 (forkhead box P1) has been shown to control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration in vitro. However, whether EC-Foxp1 participates in neointimal formation in vivo is not clear. Our study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of EC-Foxp1 in neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results The wire injury femoral artery neointimal hyperplasia model was performed in Foxp1 EC-specific loss-of-function and gain-of-function mice. EC-Foxp1 deletion mice displayed the increased neointimal formation through elevation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and the reduction of EC proliferation hence reendothelialization after injury. In contrast, EC-Foxp1 overexpression inhibited the neointimal formation. EC-Foxp1 paracrine regulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9. Also, EC-Foxp1 deletion impaired EC repair through reduction of EC proliferation via increasing cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B expression. Delivery of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B-siRNA to ECs using RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-peptide magnetic nanoparticle normalized the EC-Foxp1 deletion-mediated impaired EC repair and attenuated the neointimal formation. EC-Foxp1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9/cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B signaling pathway to control injury induced neointimal formation. Conclusions Our study reveals that targeting EC-Foxp1-matrix metalloproteinase-9/cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B pathway might provide future novel therapeutic interventions for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongda Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenrun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of CardiologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chengchao Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huimin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Edward Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.W., E.E.M.)Department of Medicine (E.E.M.)Penn Cardiovascular Institute (E.E.M.), and Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine (E.E.M.)University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Lin
- Department of CardiologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of ChinaResearch Center for Translational MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Shanghai Jinshan Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment InstituteShanghai Jinshan Nuclear and Chemical Injury Emergency Treatment CenterJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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20
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Ubels S, Verstegen M, Klarenbeek B, Bouwense S, van Berge Henegouwen M, Daams F, van Det MJ, Griffiths EA, Haveman JW, Heisterkamp J, Koshy R, Nieuwenhuijzen G, Polat F, Siersema PD, Singh P, Wijnhoven B, Hannink G, van Workum F, Rosman C, Matthée E, Slootmans CAM, Ultee G, Schouten J, Gisbertz SS, Eshuis WJ, Kalff MC, Feenstra ML, van der Peet DL, Stam WT, van Etten B, Poelmann F, Vuurberg N, van den Berg JW, Martijnse IS, Matthijsen RM, Luyer M, Curvers W, Nieuwenhuijzen T, Taselaar AE, Kouwenhoven EA, Lubbers M, Sosef M, Lecot F, Geraedts TCM, van Esser S, Dekker JWT, van den Wildenberg F, Kelder W, Lubbers M, Baas PC, de Haas JWA, Hartgrink HH, Bahadoer RR, van Sandick JW, Hartemink KJ, Veenhof X, Stockmann H, Gorgec B, Weeder P, Wiezer MJ, Genders CMS, Belt E, Blomberg B, van Duijvendijk P, Claassen L, Reetz D, Steenvoorde P, Mastboom W, Klein Ganseij HJ, van Dalsen AD, Joldersma A, Zwakman M, Groenendijk RPR, Montazeri M, Mercer S, Knight B, van Boxel G, McGregor RJ, Skipworth RJE, Frattini C, Bradley A, Nilsson M, Hayami M, Huang B, Bundred J, Evans R, Grimminger PP, van der Sluis PC, Eren U, Saunders J, Theophilidou E, Khanzada Z, Elliott JA, Ponten J, King S, Reynolds JV, Sgromo B, Akbari K, Shalaby S, Gutschow CA, Schmidt H, Vetter D, Moorthy K, Ibrahim MAH, Christodoulidis G, Räsänen JV, Kauppi J, Söderström H, Manatakis DK, Korkolis DP, Balalis D, Rompu A, Alkhaffaf B, Alasmar M, Arebi M, Piessen G, Nuytens F, Degisors S, Ahmed A, Boddy A, Gandhi S, Fashina O, Van Daele E, Pattyn P, Robb WB, Arumugasamy M, Al Azzawi M, Whooley J, Colak E, Aybar E, Sari AC, Uyanik MS, Ciftci AB, Sayyed R, Ayub B, Murtaza G, Saeed A, Ramesh P, Charalabopoulos A, Liakakos T, Schizas D, Baili E, Kapelouzou A, Valmasoni M, Pierobon ES, Capovilla G, Merigliano S, Silviu C, Rodica B, Florin A, Cristian Gelu R, Petre H, Guevara Castro R, Salcedo AF, Negoi I, Negoita VM, Ciubotaru C, Stoica B, Hostiuc S, Colucci N, Mönig SP, Wassmer CH, Meyer J, Takeda FR, Aissar Sallum RA, Ribeiro U, Cecconello I, Toledo E, Trugeda MS, Fernández MJ, Gil C, Castanedo S, Isik A, Kurnaz E, Videira JF, Peyroteo M, Canotilho R, Weindelmayer J, Giacopuzzi S, De Pasqual CA, Bruna M, Mingol F, Vaque J, Pérez C, Phillips AW, Chmelo J, Brown J, Han LE, Gossage JA, Davies AR, Baker CR, Kelly M, Saad M, Bernardi D, Bonavina L, Asti E, Riva C, Scaramuzzo R, Elhadi M, Abdelkarem Ahmed H, Elhadi A, Elnagar FA, Msherghi AAA, Wills V, Campbell C, Perez Cerdeira M, Whiting S, Merrett N, Das A, Apostolou C, Lorenzo A, Sousa F, Adelino Barbosa J, Devezas V, Barbosa E, Fernandes C, Smith G, Li EY, Bhimani N, Chan P, Kotecha K, Hii MW, Ward SM, Johnson M, Read M, Chong L, Hollands MJ, Allaway M, Richardson A, Johnston E, Chen AZL, Kanhere H, Prasad S, McQuillan P, Surman T, Trochsler MI, Schofield WA, Ahmed SK, Reid JL, Harris MC, Gananadha S, Farrant J, Rodrigues N, Fergusson J, Hindmarsh A, Afzal Z, Safranek P, Sujendran V, Rooney S, Loureiro C, Leturio Fernández S, Díez del Val I, Jaunoo S, Kennedy L, Hussain A, Theodorou D, Triantafyllou T, Theodoropoulos C, Palyvou T, Elhadi M, Abdullah Ben Taher F, Ekheel M, Msherghi AAA. Severity of oEsophageal Anastomotic Leak in patients after oesophagectomy: the SEAL score. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leak (AL) is a common but severe complication after oesophagectomy. It is unknown how to determine the severity of AL objectively at diagnosis. Determining leak severity may guide treatment decisions and improve future research. This study aimed to identify leak-related prognostic factors for mortality, and to develop a Severity of oEsophageal Anastomotic Leak (SEAL) score.
Methods
This international, retrospective cohort study in 71 centres worldwide included patients with AL after oesophagectomy between 2011 and 2019. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. Leak-related prognostic factors were identified after adjusting for confounders and were included in multivariable logistic regression to develop the SEAL score. Four classes of leak severity (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) were defined based on the risk of 90-day mortality, and the score was validated internally.
Results
Some 1509 patients with AL were included and the 90-day mortality rate was 11.7 per cent. Twelve leak-related prognostic factors were included in the SEAL score. The score showed good calibration and discrimination (c-index 0.77, 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 0.81). Higher classes of leak severity graded by the SEAL score were associated with a significant increase in duration of ICU stay, healing time, Comprehensive Complication Index score, and Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group classification.
Conclusion
The SEAL score grades leak severity into four classes by combining 12 leak-related predictors and can be used to the assess severity of AL after oesophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Ubels
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Moniek Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Klarenbeek
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bouwense
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ , Maastricht , the Netherlands
| | - Mark van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Freek Daams
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marc J van Det
- Department of Surgery, ZGT hospital group , Almelo , the Netherlands
| | - Ewen A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Jan W Haveman
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Joos Heisterkamp
- Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , the Netherlands
| | - Renol Koshy
- Department of Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | | | - Fatih Polat
- Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Pritam Singh
- Department of Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , Nottingham , UK
- Department of Surgery, Regional Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital , Guildford , UK
| | - Bas Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Gerjon Hannink
- Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Frans van Workum
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Camiel Rosman
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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Chuang CM, Chen CY, Yen PS, Wu CH, Shiao LR, Wong KL, Chan P, Leung YM. Propofol Causes Sustained Ca2+ Elevation in Endothelial Cells by Stimulating Ryanodine Receptor and Suppressing Plasmalemmal Ca2+ Pump. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:749-757. [PMID: 35239284 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Propofol, a general anesthetic administered intravenously, may cause pain at the injection site. The pain is in part due to irritation of vascular endothelial cells. We here investigated the effects of propofol on Ca2+ transport and pain mediator release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Propofol mobilized Ca2+ from cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-dischargeable pool but did not cause Ca2+ release from the lysosomal Ca2+ stores. Propofol-elicited Ca2+ release was suppressed by 100 μM ryanodine, suggesting the participation of ryanodine receptor channels. Propofol did not affect ATP-triggered Ca2+ release but abolished the Ca2+ influx triggered by ATP; in addition, propofol also suppressed store-operated Ca2+ entry elicited by CPA. Ca2+ clearance during CPA-induced Ca2+ discharge was unaffected by a low Na+ (50 mM) extracellular solution, but strongly suppressed by 5 mM La3+ (an inhibitor of plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump), suggesting Ca2+ extrusion was predominantly through the plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump. Propofol mimicked the effect of La3+ in suppressing Ca2+ clearance. Propofol also stimulated release of pain mediators, namely, reactive oxygen species and bradykinin. Our data suggest propofol elicited Ca2+ release and repressed Ca2+ clearance, causing a sustained cytosolic [Ca2+]i elevation. The latter may cause reactive oxygen species and bradykinin release, resulting in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Min Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Sheng Yen
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Chau L, Yuen M, Chan P, Liu S, Chan K, Lee D, Hsieh WY. Play-based parent training programme supporting Hong Kong kindergarten children in social competence development. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Chau
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mantak Yuen
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Chan
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Diana Lee
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wu-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Special Education, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
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Liu C, Liu L, Wang Y, Chen X, Liu J, Peng S, Pi J, Zhang Q, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang L, Fan H, Zheng L, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Death in an Elderly Chinese Community Population of a 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:811670. [PMID: 35224027 PMCID: PMC8870623 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.811670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and abdominal obesity are risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have shown a correlation between HHcy and abdominal obesity, suggesting that they may have a combined effect on the risk of MetS and CVD mortality. However, this suspicion remains to be confirmed, particularly in the elderly population. We explored their combined effects on the risk of MetS and CVD mortality among the community population aged 65 and above in China. Methods and Results This prospective study enrolled 3,675 Chinese community residents aged 65 and above in May 2013 with 7-year follow-up of all-cause and CVD mortality. HHcy was defined as the blood homocysteine (Hcy) level >15 μmol/L and abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women (HWC). All participants were grouped into four categories by WC and the blood level of Hcy: NWC (normal WC) /HHcy(–), NWC/HHcy(+), HWC/HHcy(–), and HWC/HHcy(+). The relationship of combined HHcy and abdominal obesity with MetS and metabolic profile was evaluated by logistic regression analysis and the association of combined HHcy and abdominal obesity with CVD and all-cause mortality evaluated by Cox regression analysis. The prevalence of HHcy, abdominal obesity and MetS in elderly Chinese community residents was 40.1, 59.3, and 41.4%, respectively. Using group without HHcy and abdominal obesity [NWC/HHcy(–)] as reference, the participants of other three groups had significantly higher risk of MetS and its component abnormalities, with HWC/HHcy(+) group having the highest risk (OR = 13.52; 95% CI = 8.61–14.55). After a median of 6.94 (±1.48) years follow-up, 454 deaths occurred with 135 CVD deaths. Compared with NWC/HHcy(–) group, the risk of 7-year follow-up CVD mortality (HR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.02–3.03) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04–2.18) of HWC/HHcy(+) group increased considerably after adjustment for major MetS and CVD risk factors. Conclusions There is high prevalence of HHcy, abdominal obesity, and MetS in the elderly Chinese community population. HHcy increases risk of MetS, CVD, and all-cause mortality, especially in the populations with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brain Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zheng
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Zhongmin Liu
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yuzhen Zhang
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24
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Tomlinson B, Chow E, Chan P, Lam CWK. An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of inclisiran in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 17:1353-1361. [PMID: 35025707 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.2029402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA that inhibits hepatic production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) which results in reduction of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It can be used alone or in combination with statins or other lipid-lowering therapy. AREAS COVERED In this article we review the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of inclisiran based on the published literature. EXPERT OPINION Inclisiran is a chemically stabilized duplex RNA conjugated with triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine which facilitates rapid and selective liver uptake and the drug is almost entirely removed from the circulation within 24 hours after subcutaneous injection. The duration of action is impressively prolonged and after doses of 300 mg on days one and 90, the dose can be repeated every six months to maintain a durable reduction of LDL-C by about 50%. The efficacy and safety are similar to the monoclonal antibodies targeting PCSK9, evolocumab and alirocumab, and injection site reactions are infrequent and generally mild. The cardiovascular outcome study with inclisiran is ongoing and other long term safety data are keenly awaited. The infrequent dosing regimen offers a major advantage to improve long term compliance and inclisiran may be extensively adopted depending on the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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25
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Grigioni S, Achamrah N, Chan P, Guérin C, Bôle-Feysot C, Delay J, Colange G, Bubenheim M, Jésus P, Tavolacci M, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Intestinal permeability and appetite regulating peptides-reactive immunoglobulins in severely malnourished women with anorexia nervosa. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Thomas M, Patel KK, Peri-Okonny P, Sperry BW, McGhie AI, Badarin FA, Saeed IM, Kennedy KF, Chan P, Spertus JA, Thompson RC, Bateman TM. Stress myocardial perfusion imaging in patients presenting with syncope: Comparison of PET vs. SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2895-2906. [PMID: 32405986 PMCID: PMC7666033 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting with syncope is controversial. We aimed to determine diagnostic yield of MPI for evaluation of syncope in patients without known CAD, as a function of pre-test patient risk and test modality (PET vs SPECT). METHODS Between 1/2010 and 12/2016, 1324 consecutive patients presenting with syncope without known CAD underwent MPI with PET (n = 640) or SPECT (n = 684). Rates of abnormal MPI (summed difference score (SDS) > 2 or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reserve ≤ 0 for PET and SDS > 2 or post-stress LVEF ≤ 45% for SPECT) were determined among patients stratified by pre-test risk. In patients who were referred for coronary angiography, diagnostic yield of obstructive CAD was calculated in the overall cohort as well as in a propensity-matched cohort compared to patients without syncope. RESULTS Abnormal MPI was noted in 36.5% (201/551) of patients who had PET compared with 13.0% (87/671) who had SPECT (P < 0.001), which is largely related to higher comorbidity burden and greater pre-test CAD risk in the PET population. Among patients who had an abnormal MPI, 8.5% (47/551) with PET and 0.7% (5/671) with SPECT were found to have obstructive CAD if referred for coronary angiography. Patients at intermediate-high pre-test risk had a higher proportion of abnormal MPIs and obstructive CAD as compared to those at low risk in both the PET and SPECT cohorts. The rate of abnormal testing and diagnostic yield of PET MPI was similar and proportionate to pre-test likelihood among matched patients with and without syncope. CONCLUSIONS Among patients referred for PET MPI with syncope at an intermediate-high pre-test CAD risk, 1 in 3 had an abnormal MPI and 1 in 10 had obstructive CAD. The value of MPI was related to pre-test risk as opposed to the presence of syncope, and MPI testing with PET or SPECT in the low-risk population was low value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Krishna K Patel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Poghni Peri-Okonny
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Brett W Sperry
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - A Iain McGhie
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Firas Al Badarin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Saeed
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kevin F Kennedy
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Paul Chan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Timothy M Bateman
- Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Various herbal medicines are thought to be useful in the management of cardiometabolic disease and its risk factors. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), also known as Lingzhi, has received considerable attention for various indications, including some related to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease by ameliorating major cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the major studies of the whole plant, plant extract, and specific active compounds isolated from G. lucidum in relation to the main risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. METHODS References from major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were compiled. The search terms used were Ganoderma lucidum, Lingzhi, Reishi, cardiovascular, hypoglycaemic, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory. RESULTS A number of in vitro studies and in vivo animal models have found that G. lucidum possesses antioxidative, antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, but the health benefits in clinical trials are inconsistent. Among these potential health benefits, the most compelling evidence thus far is its hypoglycaemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes or hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS The inconsistent evidence about the potential health benefits of G. lucidum is possibly because of the use of different Ganoderma formulations and different study populations. Further large controlled clinical studies are therefore needed to clarify the potential benefits of G. lucidum preparations standardised by known active components in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CONTACT Sze Wa Chan School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
- Brian Tomlinson Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly prevalent and associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and renal disease. After lifestyle modification, metformin is usually the first-line pharmacotherapy and sulfonylureas are traditionally added after metformin failure. However, with newer glucose lowering drugs that may have less risk of hypoglycemia or that may reduce cardiovascular and renal events, the position of sulfonylureas is being reevaluated. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors review relevant publications related to the use of sulfonylureas. EXPERT OPINION Sulfonylureas are potent glucose lowering drugs. The risk of hypoglycemia varies with different drugs within the class and can be minimized by using the safer drugs, possibly in lower doses. Cardiovascular events do not appear to be increased with some of the newer generation drugs. The durability of glycemic control also appears comparable to other newer agents. Sulfonylureas are the preferred treatment for some types of monogenic diabetes and selection of T2D patients who may have greater benefit from sulfonylureas based on certain phenotypes and genotypes is likely to be refined further by precision medicine. Sulfonylureas are inexpensive and readily available everywhere and they are still the most frequently used second-line treatment for T2D in many parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | | | - Manson Fok
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive condition, and sequential additions of therapy are usually required to maintain glycemic control. The options for glucose lowering therapies have increased considerably in recent years. Fixed-dose combinations such as alogliptin with pioglitazone provide a convenient choice which can improve medication adherence. AREAS COVERED The authors performed a literature search to identify publications describing the efficacy and safety of alogliptin and pioglitazone when used separately and in combinations. EXPERT OPINION Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma which improves insulin sensitivity and helps to preserve β-cell function with a durable improvement in glycemic control. Pioglitazone can retard the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular events, but it is associated with adverse events including weight gain, fluid retention, and increased risk of fractures. Alogliptin improves glycemic control and appears neutral in terms of cardiovascular events. It does not appear to increase the adverse events associated with pioglitazone and use of the combination may permit the use of lower doses of pioglitazone with reduced adverse effects. There are no cardiovascular outcome studies with the combination but the cardiovascular benefits of pioglitazone and additional glucose lowering effects of alogliptin provide a useful combination with convenient once daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chun Chong K, Sheung K, Chan P, Lee TC. 1474Meteorologically favourable zones for the activities of seasonal influenza A and B in Hong Kong. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Compared with temperate regions, the seasonality of influenza A and B in tropics and subtropics differs, for example, there are two peaks of influenza A virus activities in the summer and winter months, while influenza B peaked only in the winter months in Hong Kong. Given a potential effect from meteorological factors, we aim to develop a set of meteorologically favorable zones to predict the upsurge of activities of both influenza types.
Methods
Weekly numbers of laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B cases from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2019 from cases admitted to three local hospitals were obtained. Meteorology data such as ambient temperature and relative humidity were collected from the Hong Kong Observatory. We employed a supervised discretization approach, classification and regression tree to identify the meteorologically favourable zones that optimize the prediction of influenza epidemics.
Results
The trained and validated areas-under-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUROC) for the meteorologically favorable zones at 2-week ahead were 0.764 and 0.754 with a prediction sensitivity of 0.784 and 0.769, specificity of 0.616 and 0.635 respectively, showing a good performance. The prediction performances were generally similar among hospital-based prediction and the AUROCs kept >0.7 across all study sites.
Conclusions
The preliminary findings provide a support for developing a local-based risk alert for the upsurge of influenza activities in order to promote a public awareness of the influenza risk.
Key messages
While influenza seasonality in subtropics and tropics is not as strong as that in temperate regions, meteorological factors still crucial in predicting influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chun Chong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Paul Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kaderbhai F, Kalu E, Chan P. P–383 Cytogenetic analysis of products of conception from miscarriages following natural conception and IVF pregnancy: a comparative study. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do cytogenetic results from products of conception from miscarriages differ from patients conceiving by natural conception versus IVF? Summary answer: Cytogenetic results were similar, with no statistical difference from miscarriages following natural conception and assisted conception.
What is known already
Cytogenetic sampling of products of conception (POC) following recurrent miscarriages (RM) are recommended to rule out parental chromosomal rearrangements. The RCOG recommends cytogenetic testing in cases of recurrent miscarriages (3 consecutive miscarriages). However some units routinely request cytogenetic analysis following a single miscarriage following an IVF pregnancy. There is no evidence to support the routine sampling of POCs following assisted conception. Study design, size, duration: Retrospective cohort study of 117 cytogenetic samples, followed up by the outcome of parental karyotyping if applicable. Patients were categorised based on mode of conception into natural conception (NC) with recurrent miscarriages (≥3) or one miscarriage following IVF. Data collected between 2018–2020. Primary Outcome measure: Presence and type of cytogenetic abnormality; individual parental targeted G-band karyotyping result. Participants/materials, setting, methods: A total of 117 cytogenetic results were reviewed, of which 35 were unsuitable for analysis due to contamination (Total n = 79: NC = 60, IVF = 19). Main results and the role of chance: Cytogenetic analysis showed abnormal results in 59% of miscarriages following natural conception and 53% of miscarriages from IVF pregnancy (p = 0.46).
Abnormal cytogenetic results were mainly sporadic. Trisomy 16 was the commonest abnormality in both groups. Others included Trisomy 15, 22, 21, 8, 13, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18, single X (Turner’s), all occurring in the same frequency in both groups. As expected 35 out of 45 abnormal cytogenetic results occurred with a maternal age greater than 35 years.
One couple from the NC group were referred to a geneticist for a Trisomy 9 imbalance. All other parental karyotyping results were normal.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study contains a small sample size, and would benefit from further data collection to account for a percentage of samples being inadequate for analysis. Wider implications of the findings: Cytogenetic results were similar from miscarriages following natural conception and assisted conception. IVF does not increase the risk of miscarriage from abnormal embryonic karyotype. Routine cytogenetic testing following one miscarriage in patients undergoing IVF is not cost effective.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaderbhai
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - E Kalu
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - P Chan
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Bultelle F, Boutet I, Devin S, Caza F, St-Pierre Y, Péden R, Brousseau P, Chan P, Vaudry D, Le Foll F, Fournier M, Auffret M, Rocher B. Molecular response of a sub-antarctic population of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis) to a moderate thermal stress. Mar Environ Res 2021; 169:105393. [PMID: 34217095 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Kerguelen Islands (49°26'S, 69°50'E) represent a unique environment due to their geographical isolation, which protects them from anthropogenic pollution. The ability of the endemic mussel, part of the Mytilus complex, to cope with moderate heat stress was explored using omic tools. Transcripts involved in six major metabolic functions were selected and the qRT-PCR data indicated mainly changes in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism and stress response. Proteomic comparisons revealed a typical stress response pattern with cytoskeleton modifications and elements suggesting increased energy metabolism. Results also suggest conservation of protein homeostasis by the long-lasting presence of HSP while a general decrease in transcription is observed. The overall findings are consistent with an adaptive response to moderate stresses in mussels in good physiological condition, i.e. living in a low-impact site, and with the literature concerning this model species. Therefore, local blue mussels could be advantageously integrated into biomonitoring strategies, especially in the context of Global Change.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bultelle
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063, Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - I Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff CNRS, Laboratory Adaptation & Diversity in Marine Environment (UMR7144 CNRS-SU), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.
| | - S Devin
- UMR 7360 LIEC, Université Metz-Lorraine, France.
| | - F Caza
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Y St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - R Péden
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063, Le Havre Cedex, France; UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems, Université de REIMS Champagne-Ardenne, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687, Reims, France.
| | - P Brousseau
- Institut des Sciences de la mer, Le Parc de la rivière Mitis, Sainte-Flavie, Québec, G0J 2L0, Canada.
| | - P Chan
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Plateforme PISSARO, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - D Vaudry
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Plateforme PISSARO, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239 DC2N, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - F Le Foll
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063, Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - M Fournier
- Institut des Sciences de la mer, Le Parc de la rivière Mitis, Sainte-Flavie, Québec, G0J 2L0, Canada.
| | - M Auffret
- UMR CNRS 6539-LEMAR/ Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - B Rocher
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO / Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063, Le Havre Cedex, France.
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Nicholas PRM, Carter R, Chan P, Jamal B. A Systematic Review Of Primary Ankle Arthrodesis In The Treatment Of Pilon Fractures. Foot (Edinb) 2021; 47:101780. [PMID: 33962114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilon fractures are severe, intra-articular and comminuted fractures to the distal tibia. They are uncommon injuries and are often associated with fibular fractures. The optimal management of these fractures is widely debated. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and external fixation have been used to treat these fractures. Ankle arthrodesis is often used in the latter stages of management for end-stage ankle arthritis. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the outcomes associated with using primary ankle arthrodesis in pilon fractures. METHODS Ovid Medline and PubMed were searched from the inception of their databases until October 2018. Eligible literature for use in our review included patient cohorts that had been operated in the form of primary ankle arthrodesis. All relevant data was included that met the inclusion criteria. The demographic of the patients with pilon fractures and this operative management were identified. The outcomes of interest were fusion rate, infection rate, length of follow-up and patient reported outcomes. 8 papers were deemed eligible for review. RESULTS Of the 8 papers that were eligible, 6 were retrospective studies, 1 was a case report and 1 was an abstract. There were a total of 109 patients included. Fusion rate was 100% in 5 of the studies. 6 of the 7 studies that reported on infection rate had no post-operative infections. Outcome assessment scores were used in 5 of the studies. The SF-36 score, the FOAS and the AOFAS were used. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that primary ankle arthrodesis yields reasonable results in the management of pilon fractures. However, the quantity and quality of current literature is not sufficient and further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up times are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R M Nicholas
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, United Kingdom.
| | - R Carter
- Division of foot, ankle and limb reconstruction surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P Chan
- Division of foot, ankle and limb reconstruction surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Jamal
- Division of foot, ankle and limb reconstruction surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Leong IL, Tsai TY, Shiao LR, Zhang YM, Wong KL, Chan P, Leung YM. Characterization of Ca 2+-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Microvascular bEND.3 Endothelial Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:80-87. [PMID: 33938818 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_93_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSR), activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, have been known to regulate functions of thyroid cells, neurons, and endothelial cells (EC). In this report, we studied CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx in mouse cerebral microvascular EC (bEND.3 cells). Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and Mn2+ influx were measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. High (3 mM) Ca2+ (CaSR agonist), 3 mM spermine (CaSR agonist), and 10 μM cinacalcet (positive allosteric modulator of CaSR) all triggered Ca2+ influx; however, spermine, unlike high Ca2+ and cinacalcet, did not promote Mn2+ influx and its response was poorly sensitive to SKF 96365, a TRP channel blocker. Consistently, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and ruthenium red (two other general TRP channel blockers) suppressed Ca2+ influx triggered by cinacalcet and high Ca2+ but not by spermine. Ca2+ influx triggered by high Ca2+, spermine, and cinacalcet was similarly suppressed by A784168, a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist. Our results suggest that CaSR activation triggered Ca2+ influx via TRPV1 channels; intriguingly, pharmacological, and permeability properties of such Ca2+ influx depended on the stimulating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat-Lon Leong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China
| | - Tien-Yao Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City; Department of Cardiology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- VIP Department, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Dickie G, Chan P, Cheuk R, Grogan M, Tripcony, L. PO-0174 Cervix cancer treated with PDR brachytherapy boost. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Wu KC, Wong KL, Shiao LR, Chen CY, Chan P, Leung YM. Perturbation of Ca 2+ stores and store-operated Ca 2+ influx by lidocaine in neuronal N2A and NG108-15 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174115. [PMID: 33901459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report we examined the effects of lidocaine on Ca2+ homeostasis of neuronal cells using microfluorimetric measurement of cytosolic Ca2+ with fura 2 as probe. In mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells, 10 mM lidocaine caused Ca2+ release from the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-dischargeable pool and abolished ATP-triggered Ca2+ release. Lidocaine-triggered Ca2+ release was not affected by xestospongin C (XeC), an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor. N2A cells did not have functional ryanodine receptors (RYR) (absence of caffeine response) and we used differentiated NG108-15 cells (presence of caffeine response) for further experiments. Caffeine-triggered Ca2+ release was unaffected by a brief lidocaine exposure, but was eliminated after a prolonged treatment of lidocaine, suggesting lidocaine abolished caffeine action possibly not by interfering caffeine binding but via Ca2+ store depletion. Lidocaine-elicited Ca2+ release was unaffected by XeC or a high concentration of ryanodine, suggesting Ca2+ release was not via IP3R or RYR. Lidocaine did not affect nigericin-dischargeable lysosomal Ca2+ stores. Lastly, we observed that lidocaine suppressed CPA-induced store-operated Ca2+ influx in both N2A cells and differentiated NG108-15 cells. Our results suggest two novel actions of lidocaine in neuronal cells, namely, depletion of Ca2+ store (via an IP3R- and RYR-independent manner) and suppression of store-operated Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang, Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Grigioni S, Achamrah N, Chan P, Guérin C, Bôle-feysot C, Delay J, Colange G, Bubenheim M, Tavolacci MP, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Le rapport lactulose/mannitol, marqueur de perméabilité intestinale, est augmenté au cours de l’anorexie mentale sans modification des autoanticorps dirigés contre les peptides de la prise alimentaire. NUTR CLIN METAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chan P, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Paul R, Robb M, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Marra C, Spudich S. Clinical and laboratory impact of concomitant syphilis infection during acute HIV. HIV Med 2021; 22:502-511. [PMID: 33728759 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment has been reported in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with prior syphilis, while PLWH who present with incident syphilis have reduced blood CD4 T-lymphocyte and elevated HIV-1 RNA levels. However, the clinical, virological and neurocognitive effects of syphilis during acute HIV-1 (AHI) remain unknown. METHODS Pre-antiretroviral therapy laboratory outcomes and neurocognitive performance in a four-test battery in the SEARCH10/RV254 AHI cohort were compared according to syphilis status, determined by serum Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and syphilis treatment history. Impaired cognitive performance was defined as having z-scores ≤ -1 in at least two tests or ≤ -2 in at least one test. RESULTS Out of 595 AHI participants (97% male, median age of 26 years and estimated duration of HIV-1 infection of 19 days), 119 (20%) had history of syphilis (TPHA-positive), of whom 51 (9%) had untreated syphilis (TPHA-positive/VDRL-positive/without prior treatment). Compared with those without syphilis (TPHA-negative), individuals with untreated syphilis had higher CD8 T-lymphocyte levels but not higher plasma HIV-1 RNA or lower CD4 T-lymphocyte levels. Taking into account estimated duration of HIV-1 infection (P < 0.001), and later Fiebig stages (III-V) (P < 0.001), those with untreated syphilis had higher CD8 T-lymphocyte levels (P = 0.049). Individuals with any syphilis (TPHA-positive), but not untreated syphilis, had higher odds of impaired cognitive performance than those without (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS During AHI, individuals with any history of syphilis (TPHA-positive) had poorer cognitive performance than those without syphilis. However, syphilis was not associated with worsened HIV disease measures as described in chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - D J Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Pinyakorn
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - R Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Robb
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - V Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Ananworanich
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Marra
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
The choice of lipid-modifying treatment is largely based on the absolute level of cardiovascular risk and baseline lipid profile. Statins are the first-line treatment for most patients requiring reduction of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can be added to reach LDL-C targets. Statins have some adverse effects that are somewhat predictable based on phenotypic and genetic factors. Fibrates or omega-3 fatty acids can be added if triglyceride levels remain elevated. The RNA-targeted therapeutics in development offer the possibility of selective liver targeting for specific lipoproteins such as lipoprotein(a) and long-term reduction of LDL-C with infrequent administration of a small-interfering RNA may help to overcome the problem of adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Chen-Hsiu Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Wk Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, PR China
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Pandey A, Keshvani N, Khera R, Lu D, Vaduganathan M, Joynt Maddox KE, Das SR, Kumbhani DJ, Goyal A, Girotra S, Chan P, Fonarow GC, Matsouaka R, Wang TY, de Lemos JA. Temporal Trends in Racial Differences in 30-Day Readmission and Mortality Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 5:136-145. [PMID: 31913411 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance The association of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) with reductions in racial disparities in 30-day outcomes for myocardial infarction (MI), is unknown, including whether this varies by HRRP hospital penalty status. Objective To assess temporal trends in 30-day readmission and mortality rates among black and nonblack patients discharged after hospitalization for acute MI at low-performing and high-performing hospitals, as defined by readmission penalty status after HRRP implementation. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational cohort analysis used data from the multicenter National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain-MI Registry centers that were subject to the first cycle of HRRP, between January 1, 2008, and November 30, 2016. All patients hospitalized with MI who were included in National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain-MI Registry were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from April 2018 to September 2019. Exposures Hospital performance category and race (black compared with nonblack patients). Centers were classified as high performing or low performing based on the excess readmission ratio (predicted to expected 30-day risk adjusted readmission rate) for MI during the first HRRP cycle (in October 2012). Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day all-cause readmission and mortality rates. Results Among 753 hospitals that treated 155 397 patients with acute MI (of whom 11 280 [7.3%] were black), 399 hospitals (53.0%) were high performing. Thirty-day readmission rates declined over time in both black and nonblack patients (annualized 30-day readmission rate: 17.9% vs 20.8%). Black (compared with nonblack) race was associated with higher unadjusted odds of 30-day readmission in both low-performing and high-performing centers (odds ratios: before HRRP: low-performing hospitals, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03-1.26]; P = .01; high-performing hospitals, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.04-1.32]; P = .01; after HRRP: low-performing hospitals, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.13-1.34]; P < .001; high-performing hospitals, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.12-1.39]; P < .001). However, these racial differences were not significant after adjustment for patient characteristics. The 30-day mortality rates declined significantly over time in nonblack patients, with stable (nonsignificant) temporal trends among black patients. Adjusted associations between race and 30-day mortality showed that 30-day mortality rates were significantly lower among black (compared with nonblack) patients in the low-performing hospitals (odds ratios: pre-HRRP, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.63-0.97]; P = .03; post-HRRP, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.95]; P = .01) but not in high-performing hospitals. Finally, the association between race and 30-day outcomes did not vary after the HRRP period began in either high-performing or low-performing hospitals. Conclusions and Relevance In this analysis, 30-day readmission rates among patients with MI declined over time for both black and nonblack patients. Differences in race-specific 30-day readmission rates persisted but appeared to be attributable to patient-level factors. The 30-day mortality rates have declined for nonblack patients and remained stable among black patients. Implementation of the HRRP was not associated with improvement or worsening of racial disparities in readmission and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Neil Keshvani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Rohan Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Di Lu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen E Joynt Maddox
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sandeep R Das
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Dharam J Kumbhani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Abhinav Goyal
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Saket Girotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Paul Chan
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri, Kansas City
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.,Section Editor
| | | | - Tracy Y Wang
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James A de Lemos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Chhetri JK, Ma L, Zheng Z, Liu FY, Zhao J, Gu ZQ, Chan P. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Frailty: Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele Is Associated with Fatigue but Not Frailty Syndrome in a Community-Dwelling Older Population Cohort. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:410-415. [PMID: 33786555 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty is known to be influenced by genetics, however, little evidence on the association of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and frailty exists which we aim to investigate. DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional analysis from a prospective longitudinal study cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling individuals aged 55 years and older from Beijing region in China. MEASUREMENTS A total of 3,569 older adults with a mean age of 75.06(±6.79) years were included. We investigated the association between ApoE polymorphism and frailty syndrome using the frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (including association with individual components of the frailty phenotype). Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relation between ApoE variants and frailty. RESULTS There was no significant association between ApoE variants and frailty as assessed by the FI. In the age and sex-adjusted model, compared to the ApoE e3/e3 carriers ApoE e4 carriers had almost 1.5 times higher odds of being frail as assessed by the frailty phenotype. However, the significance was lost on the model with adjustment for cognitive impairment. Compared to the ApoE e3/e3 carriers ApoE e4 carriers had almost two times higher odds of fatigue. ApoE e4 heterozygotes had higher odds of fatigue compared to ApoE e4 non-carriers. No significant association was found between ApoE variants and other components of frailty phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between ApoE genotype and frailty irrespective of the frailty assessment tools. Fatigue in older adults is the only component of frailty phenotype influenced by ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chhetri
- Piu Chan, MD, PhD, Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China, E-mail: , Tel: +86-10-83198677
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Logtenberg D, Chan P, Corcoran E. HEAT TRANSFER OF CANDU FUEL BUNDLES AFTER A LOSS OF COOLANT ACCIDENT IN AN IRRADIATED FUEL BAY. CNL Nuclear Review 2021. [DOI: 10.12943/cnr.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Discharged CANDU fuel is stored under water in irradiated fuel bays (IFBs) to remove their decay heat. If the fuel is exposed to air, a self-sustaining reaction could result when the Zircaloy-4 sheathing reaches temperatures sufficient for a breakaway oxidation. To predict when the transition occurs, a 2-D fuel bundle cross-section model in air was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics® platform. Breakaway was predicted to occur at its earliest within 2.6 hours for a range of recently discharged bundle powers. It was concluded due to the time required for heat up and cracking of the oxide layer, sufficient margin exists for operators to intervene before a passively cooled, isolated bundle undergoes breakaway. To examine the effect of multiple bundles, a 3-D model based on a quarter of a stand-alone spent fuel rack was developed to calculate the steady-state temperature and mass fluxes of air. The model provided a lower bound for the ambient temperatures because the flow resistance of the bundle was not considered. The correct incorporation of flow resistance is a necessary step before conclusions could be made about the safety of IFBs. However, the analysis using a Computational Fluid Dynamics model for a 0.5 MW fuel rack, indicated that the maximum temperature of the air within the rack was 642 K and located at the centre of the outlet. This result is encouraging to support the safety of IFBs, as the temperature is well below the 873 K, which is approximately the minimum required for a breakaway reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Chan
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Emily Corcoran
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
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Lee K, Wowk D, Chan P. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN EMPTY 37-ELEMENT CANDU ® FUEL BUNDLE TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE TUBE CREEP. CNL Nuclear Review 2021. [DOI: 10.12943/cnr.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CANDU fuel bundles experience plastic deformations over time, and the horizontal configuration of the bundle in a crept pressure tube (PT) causes coolant to bypass the sagged lower half of the bundle. Bundle segments where the flow is limited may become more susceptible to dryout due to reactor aging. A finite element model of a 37-element fuel bundle was constructed using the commercial finite element software ANSYS to study the mechanical deformation behaviour of the bundle to maintain a coolable geometry. The main focus was on the contact between the fuel elements and between the fuel elements and PT. The complexity of the model due to all the contact pairs necessitated the use of high-powered computing hardware. Contact was demonstrated between the appendages, and sensitivity of the deformation to different boundary conditions (BC) was investigated. In particular, the radial position where the elements were welded to the endplate significantly impacted the magnitude of the element bowing. Expanding the PT up to 8% diametral creep demonstrated the proper functioning of the spacer pads (SP) and bearing pads in preventing sheath-to-sheath contact at the midplane and sheath-to-PT contact. However, the quarter plane was deemed to be the critical region due to the lack of SPs preventing excessive element bowing. This work has successfully illustrated the deformation of a CANDU fuel bundle, with contact, and its similarity with the bow profiles when compared with post-irradiation examination results and bundle heat-up tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhwan Lee
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Diane Wowk
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Paul Chan
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
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Li H, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen X, Duan Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Kuang Y, Zhuang T, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Yu Z, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Liu J. Endothelial Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ signal mediates the inhibitory effects of simvastatin on maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1609-1625. [PMID: 33408770 PMCID: PMC7778601 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Pathological cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy are common features of left ventricular remodeling that often progress to heart failure (HF). Endothelial cells (ECs) are the most abundant non-myocyte cells in adult mouse heart. Simvastatin, a strong inducer of Krüppel-like Factor 2 (Klf2) in ECs, ameliorates pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study aims to explore the detailed molecular mechanisms of the anti-remodeling effects of simvastatin. Methods and Results: RGD-magnetic-nanoparticles were used to endothelial specific delivery of siRNA and we found absence of simvastatin's protective effect on pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after in vivo inhibition of EC-Klf2. Mechanism studies showed that EC-Klf2 inhibition reversed the simvastatin-mediated reduction of fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast formation, as well as cardiomyocyte size and cardiac hypertrophic genes, which suggested that EC-Klf2 might mediate the anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophy effects of simvastatin. Similar effects were observed after Klf2 inhibition in cultured ECs. Moreover, Klf2 regulated its direct target gene TGFβ1 in ECs and mediated the protective effects of simvastatin, and inhibition of EC-Klf2 increased the expression of EC-TGFβ1 leading to simvastatin losing its protective effects. Also, EC-Klf2 was found to regulate EC-Foxp1 and loss of EC-Foxp1 attenuated the protective effects of simvastatin similar to EC-Klf2 inhibition. Conclusions: We conclude that cardiac microvasculature ECs are important in the modulation of pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and the endothelial Klf2-TGFβ1 or Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ1 pathway mediates the preventive effects of simvastatin. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of the non-cholesterol lowering effects of simvastatin for HF prevention.
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Chhetri JK, Xue QL, Ma L, Chan P, Varadhan R. Intrinsic Capacity as a Determinant of Physical Resilience in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1006-1011. [PMID: 34545921 PMCID: PMC8035602 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The traditional disease-oriented model of healthcare is inadequate to address the needs of the older population. Greater attention should be given to strategies that promote healthy aging. Recently proposed constructs of intrinsic capacity (IC) and physical resilience (PR) hold great potential to reshape geriatric medicine and aging research. These constructs accentuate the positive health attributes of older people in contrast to the popular frailty construct that is centered on functional deficits. IC was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a composite of all the physical and mental capacities. WHO has emphasized enhancement of IC throughout the life course so as to maintain functional ability in old age. PR, recently highlighted by the National Institute on Aging, is the ability to successfully cope with stressors. High levels of resilience can result in desirable clinical and functional outcomes after stressors. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying physiology of PR and the risk factors contributing to diminished PR. The main goal of this article is to explore the potential relationship between IC and PR. Based on a classical theory of aging, we postulate that IC is a determinant of PR and is also a high-level integrative measure of physiologic reserve which is the fundamental factor underlying one's ability to withstand stressors. A major implication of our postulates is that even though IC is only one of the many determinants of PR, it could serve as an important intervenable target for enhancing resilience in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish K. Chhetri
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Q.-L. Xue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - L. Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - P. Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 1103-A, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Zhu J, Yang Z, Chen X, Liu J, Zheng L, Zhang L, Pi J, Li G, Zhuang T, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu L, Fan L, Chan P, Tomlinson B, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y. A Stronger Association of Epicardial Fat Volume with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Than Measures of General Obesity in Chinese Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1223-1232. [PMID: 33776459 PMCID: PMC7987254 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with epicardial fat volume (EFV) varied in different ethnic groups. We evaluated the AF-related risk factors and its association with pericardial fat in Chinese patients. METHODS Patients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in Shanghai East Hospital during 2012 to 2014 (n=2042, 43.8% women, mean age 65.0 years) had AF and cardiovascular risk assessment. Pericardial fat depots were measured from CT and the association of EFV with non-valvular AF risk factors was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS AF was present in 8.5% of patients with 11.6% of AF patients having rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and 8.7% having other valvular diseases. With increasing age, the proportion of RHD-related AF decreased and the risk factors for non-valvular AF increased. There was a significantly higher proportion of risk factors for non-valvular AF in men than in women (p=0.008), but RHD-related AF was more prevalent in women than men (p=0.013). The patients with non-valvular AF had significantly higher BMI and EFV with more pronounced elevation of EFV (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant association of EFV with AF after adjustment for BMI and clinical risk factors, and the highest EFV quartile was associated with AF independent of left atrial size and obstructive coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION The association of EFV with non-valvular AF in Chinese patients was independent of generalized adiposity and clinical risk factors especially in highest EFV quartile. These findings support the growing appreciation of the association of EFV with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Although geriatric research in general has increased in recent years, there is no effective treatment for frailty. Among older adults, those with frailty have an increased risk of falls, disability, and death. The population of older adults has increased rapidly in China, and resulting in an increased demand for medical care services for older adults, including those with frailty. However, much of the research on frailty has been conducted in Europe and the United States, and European and American standards for frailty are not always applicable to Chinese individuals. Clinicians and researchers in China have shown increasing interest in frailty in recent years. Here, we reviewed the current state of frailty research in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Dr. Lina Ma, Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China, E-mail:
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Oussoren A, Chan P, Wowk D, Prudil A. Toward a Mechanistic Model of Stress Corrosion Cracking in PHWR Fuel Sheaths. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4048120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work builds on the iodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (ISCC) model of Lewis and Kleczek by integrating the fuel performance model fuel and sheath modeling tool (FAST) to provide thermal and mechanical analysis of the fuel sheath, which was previously required as input parameters. The iodine transport methodology of the Lewis–Kleczek model has been modified to utilize the more mechanistic diffusion model in FAST, and an empirical surface multiplier term has been derived to predict iodine release rates under normal operating conditions based on measured release rates from in-reactor sweep gas tests. A fracture mechanics analysis is implemented using threshold stress intensity values and crack growth rates reported in literature. A correlation to predict crack initiation has been derived by analysis of a database of power histories with known ISCC defects. This correlation is based on the change in sheath hoop strain during a power ramp and is shown to be more accurate at discerning failure versus nonfailure than the correlations used in the previous Lewis–Kleczek model and FUELOGRAMS. Failure time prediction of the model is compared against power ramp test FFO-104 performed at the National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor. Fuel failure is predicted to occur 27% faster than experimentally measured; failure time is explored in a series of sensitivity studies to suggest areas for further development. The model improvements represent a step forward in the mechanistic modeling of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oussoren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, P.O. Box 17000, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Paul Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, P.O. Box 17000, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Diane Wowk
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, P.O. Box 17000, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Andrew Prudil
- Computational Techniques Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
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Tomlinson B, Chan P, Lam CWK. Statin Controversies Continued: Response to the Letter from Azemawah et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:887-888. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shannon C, Chan P, Bonin H. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ORGANIC-COOLED SMALL NUCLEAR REACTOR TO SUPPORT ENERGY DEMANDS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS IN NORTHERN CANADA. CNL Nuclear Review 2020. [DOI: 10.12943/cnr.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Small nuclear reactors can offer safe, reliable, and long-lasting district heating and electrical power generation to remote locations in northern Canada. A conceptual design of an organic-cooled and moderated reactor based upon the SLOWPOKE-2 research reactor is proposed for potential employment in northern Canada. For viability, this design extends the SLOWPOKE-2’s power to 1 MWth. An added pump circulates the organic coolant, a partially hydrogenated terphenyl mixture known as HB-40, to facilitate greater heat transfer. The reactor incorporates the same low-enriched uranium dioxide fuel as the SLOWPOKE-2. Reactor control is accomplished through hafnium absorber rods and a movable beryllium reflector. The reactor neutronics are simulated using the deterministic code, WIMS-AECL, and the probabilistic code, MCNP 6. The service life of fuel in this reactor operating at full power exceeds 11 years. The conceptual design has demonstrated negative reactivity coefficients indicating strong potential for inherent safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Shannon
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Paul Chan
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - H.W. Bonin
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
- Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
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