1
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Maniya NH, Kumar S, Franklin JL, Higginbotham JN, Scott AM, Gan HK, Coffey RJ, Senapati S, Chang HC. An anion exchange membrane sensor detects EGFR and its activity state in plasma CD63 extracellular vesicles from patients with glioblastoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:677. [PMID: 38830977 PMCID: PMC11148014 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a quantitative sandwich immunoassay for CD63 Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane functionalized with capture antibodies and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter functionalized with detection antibodies. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins, thus enabling direct plasma analysis without the need for EV isolation or sensor blocking. With a LOD of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. We analysed untreated clinical samples of Glioblastoma to demonstrate this new platform. Notably, we target both total and "active" EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. Analysis of samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and a low p-value of 0.000033, surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin H Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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2
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Kovalenko A, Urtenov M, Chekanov V, Kandaurova N. Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Spacers on Salt Ion Transport in Electromembrane Systems Considering the Main Coupled Effects. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:20. [PMID: 38248710 PMCID: PMC10820503 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This article considers a theoretical analysis of the influence of the main coupled effects and spacers on the transfer of salt ions in electromembrane systems (EMS) using a 2D mathematical model of the transfer process in a desalting channel with spacers based on boundary value problems for the coupled system of Nernst-Planck-Poisson and Navier-Stokes equations. The basic patterns of salt ion transport have been established, taking into account diffusion, electromigration, forced convection, electroconvection, dissociation/recombination reactions of water molecules, as well as spacers located inside the desalting channel. It has been shown that spacers and taking into account the dissociation/recombination reaction of water molecules significantly change both the formation and development of electroconvection. This article confirms the fact of the exaltation of the limiting current studied by Harkatz, where it is shown that the current (flux) of salt ions increases when the dissociation reaction begins by a certain value called the exaltation current, which is proportional to the flow of water dissociation products. A significant combined effect of electroconvection and dissociation/recombination reactions as well as the spacer system in the desalting channel on the transport of salt ions are shown. The complex, nonlinear, and non-stationary interaction of all the main effects of concentration polarization and spacers in the desalting channel are also considered in the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalenko
- Faculty of Computer Technologies and Applied Mathematics, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Makhamet Urtenov
- Faculty of Computer Technologies and Applied Mathematics, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Chekanov
- Department of Digital Development, North-Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia;
| | - Natalya Kandaurova
- Department of Information Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 355000 Stavropol, Russia;
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3
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Maniya NH, Kumar S, Franklin JL, Higginbotham JN, Scott AM, Gan HK, Coffey RJ, Senapati S, Chang HC. Detection of EGFR and its Activity State in Plasma CD63-EVs from Glioblastoma Patients: Rapid Profiling using an Anion Exchange Membrane Sensor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562628. [PMID: 37905113 PMCID: PMC10614888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel quantitative immunoassay for CD63 EVs (extracellular vesicles) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins and fluorophore degradation, thus enabling direct plasma analysis. With a limit of detection of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. Glioblastoma necessitates improved non-invasive diagnostic approaches for early detection and monitoring. Notably, we target both total and "active" EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. This approach offers direct glioblastoma detection from untreated human patient samples. Analysis of glioblastoma clinical samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and low p-value of 0.000033, significantly surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers.
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4
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Alanis K, Siwy ZS, Baker LA. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy of Nafion-Modified Nanopores. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 170:066510. [PMID: 38766570 PMCID: PMC11101168 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acdd29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Single nanopores in silicon nitride membranes are asymmetrically modified with Nafion and investigated with scanning ion conductance microscopy, where Nafion alters local ion concentrations at the nanopore. Effects of applied transmembrane potentials on local ion concentrations are examined, with the Nafion film providing a reservoir of cations in close proximity to the nanopore. Fluidic diodes based on ion concentration polarization are observed in the current-voltage response of the nanopore and in approach curves of SICM nanopipette in the vicinity of the nanopore. Experimental results are supported with finite element method simulations that detail ion depletion and enrichment of the nanopore/Nafion/nanopipette environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Alanis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States of America
| | - Zuzanna S. Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States of America
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States of America
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5
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Zhang Y, Kim G, Zhu Y, Wang C, Zhu R, Lu X, Chang HC, Wang Y. Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots Enhanced Drug Loading into Small Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37127891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have enormous potential as safe and effective vehicles to deliver drugs into lesion locations. Despite promising advances with sEV-based drug delivery systems, there are still challenges to drug loading into sEVs, which hinder the clinical applications of sEVs. Herein, we report an exogenous drug-agnostic chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) sEV-loading platform, based on chirality matching with the sEV lipid bilayer. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical and biological drugs can be functionalized or adsorbed onto GQDs by π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions. By tuning the ligands and GQD size to optimize its chirality, we demonstrate drug loading efficiency of 66.3% and 64.1% for doxorubicin and siRNA, which is significantly higher than other reported sEV loading techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Runyao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Uzdenova A. Ion Transport in Electromembrane Systems under the Passage of Direct Current: 1D Modelling Approaches. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:421. [PMID: 37103848 PMCID: PMC10146742 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For a theoretical analysis of mass transfer processes in electromembrane systems, the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations (NPP) are generally used. In the case of 1D direct-current-mode modelling, a fixed potential (for example, zero) is set on one of the boundaries of the considered region, and on the other-a condition connecting the spatial derivative of the potential and the given current density. Therefore, in the approach based on the system of NPP equations, the accuracy of the solution is significantly affected by the accuracy of calculating the concentration and potential fields at this boundary. This article proposes a new approach to the description of the direct current mode in electromembrane systems, which does not require boundary conditions on the derivative of the potential. The essence of the approach is to replace the Poisson equation in the NPP system with the equation for the displacement current (NPD). Based on the system of NPD equations, the concentration profiles and the electric field were calculated in the depleted diffusion layer near the ion-exchange membrane, as well as in the cross section of the desalination channel under the direct current passage. The NPD system, as well as NPP, allows one to describe the formation of an extended space charge region near the surface of the ion-exchange membrane, which is important for describing overlimiting current modes. Comparison of the direct-current-mode modelling approaches based on NPP and NPD showed that the calculation time is less for the NPP approach, but the calculation accuracy is higher for the NPD approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminat Uzdenova
- Department of Computer Science and Computational Mathematics, Umar Aliev Karachai-Cherkess State University, Karachaevsk 369200, Russia
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7
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Kumar S, Maniya N, Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Quantifying PON1 on HDL with nanoparticle-gated electrokinetic membrane sensor for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:557. [PMID: 36732521 PMCID: PMC9895453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease-related deaths (one-third of global deaths) can be reduced with a simple screening test for better biomarkers than the current lipid and lipoprotein profiles. We propose using a highly atheroprotective subset of HDL with colocalized PON1 (PON1-HDL) for superior cardiovascular risk assessment. However, direct quantification of HDL proteomic subclasses are complicated by the peroxides/antioxidants associated with HDL interfering with redox reactions in enzymatic calorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays. Hence, we developed an enzyme-free Nanoparticle-Gated Electrokinetic Membrane Sensor (NGEMS) platform for quantification of PON1-HDL in plasma within 60 min, with a sub-picomolar limit of detection, 3-4 log dynamic range and without needing sample pretreatment or individual-sample calibration. Using NGEMS, we report our study on human plasma PON1-HDL as a cardiovascular risk marker with AUC~0.99 significantly outperforming others (AUC~0.6-0.8), including cholesterol/triglycerides tests. Validation for a larger cohort can establish PON1-HDL as a biomarker that can potentially reshape cardiovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nalin Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Kim G, Wang C, Zhu R, Lu X, Chang HC, Wang Y. Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots Enhanced Drug Loading into Exosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.523510. [PMID: 36711460 PMCID: PMC9882333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.523510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, exosomes have enormous potential as safe and effective vehicles to deliver drugs into lesion locations. Despite promising advances with exosome-based drug delivery systems, there are still challenges to drug loading into exosome, which hinder the clinical applications of exosomes. Herein, we report an exogenous drug-agnostic chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exosome-loading platform, based on chirality matching with the exosome lipid bilayer. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical and biological drugs can be functionalized or adsorbed onto GQDs by π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions. By tuning the ligands and GQD size to optimize its chirality, we demonstrate drug loading efficiency of 66.3% and 64.1% for Doxorubicin and siRNA, which is significantly higher than other reported exosome loading techniques.
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9
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McCarthy KP, Go DB, Senapati S, Chang HC. An integrated ion-exchange membrane-based microfluidic device for irreversible dissociation and quantification of miRNA from ribonucleoproteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:285-294. [PMID: 36524732 PMCID: PMC10697430 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00517d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), particularly microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), have been associated with cancer-related gene regulation. Specific RNA-protein associations in miRISC complexes or those found in let-7 lin28A complexes can downregulate tumor-suppressing genes and can be directly linked to cancer. The high protein-RNA electrostatic binding affinity is a particular challenge for the quantification of the associated microRNAs (miRNAs). We report here the first microfluidic point-of-care assay that allows direct quantification of RNP-associated RNAs, which has the potential to greatly advance RNP profiling for liquid biopsy. Key to the technology is an integrated cation-anion exchange membrane (CEM/AEM) platform for rapid and irreversible dissociation (k = 0.0025 s-1) of the RNP (Cas9-miR-21) complex and quantification of its associated miR-21 in 40 minutes. The CEM-induced depletion front is used to concentrate the RNP at the depletion front such that the high electric field (>100 V cm-1) within the concentration boundary layer induces irreversible dissociation of the low KD (∼0.5 nM) complex, with ∼100% dissociation even though the association rate (kon = 6.1 s-1) is 1000 times higher. The high field also electrophoretically drives the dissociated RNA out of the concentrated zone without reassociation. A detection limit of 1.1 nM is achieved for Cy3 labelled miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P McCarthy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - David B Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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10
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Pagáč J, Kovář P, Slouka Z. Electric Potential Profiles in a Model Single-Path Electrodialysis Unit. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1136. [PMID: 36422128 PMCID: PMC9696545 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialysis is an important electromembrane separation process anticipated to play a significant role in developing future technologies. It produces ion-depleted and ion-concentrated product streams, intrinsically suggesting the formation of spatial gradients of relevant quantities. These quantities affect local conditions in an electrodialysis unit. To investigate the spatial distribution of electric potentials, we constructed a model electrodialysis system with a single diluate channel that included ports for inserting reference electrodes measuring potential profiles. We validated our system and measurement methods in a series of control experiments under a solution flow rate of 250 µL/min and current densities between 10 and 52 A/m2. The collected data showed that the electric potential in the diluate channel did not change in the vertical direction (direction of gravity force), and only minimally varied in the diluate channel center in the flow direction. Although we could not reconstruct the potential profile within ion-depleted layers due to the resolution of the method, we found appreciable potential variation across the diluate channel. The most significant potential drops were localized on the membranes with the developed ion-depleted zones. Interestingly, these potential drops abruptly increased when we applied current loads, yielding almost complete desalination. The increase in the resistance accompanied by relatively large fluctuations in the measured potential indicated the system transition into limiting and overlimiting regions, and the onset of overlimiting convection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pagáč
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kovář
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Slouka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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11
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Seifollahi Z, Ashrafizadeh SN. Effect of charge density distribution of polyelectrolyte layer on electroosmotic flow and ion selectivity in a conical soft nanochannel. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Green Y. Electrical Conductance of Charged Nanopores. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36150-36156. [PMID: 36278037 PMCID: PMC9583083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A nanopore's response to an electrical potential drop is characterized by its electrical conductance, . For the last two decades, it has been thought that at low electrolyte concentrations, , the conductance is concentration-independent such that . It has been recently demonstrated that surface charge regulation changes the dependency to , whereby the slope typically takes the values α = 1/3 or 1/2. However, experiments have observed slopes of 2/3 and 1 suggesting that additional mechanisms, such as convection and slip-lengths, appear. Here, we elucidate the interplay between three mechanisms: surface charge regulation, convection, and slip lengths. We show that the inclusion of convection does not change the slope, and when the effects of hydrodynamic slip are included, the slope is doubled. We show that when all effects are accounted for, α can take any value between 0 and 1 where the exact value of the slope depends on the material properties. This result is of utmost importance in designing any electro-kinetically driven nanofluidic system characterized by its conductance.
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13
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Seifollahi Z, Ashrafizadeh SN. Ionic-size dependent electroosmotic flow in ion-selective biomimetic nanochannels. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112545. [PMID: 35561637 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic phenomena, especially electroosmosis in ion-selective environments, play a key role in many systems, from ion-selective nanopores to cellular processes. In this paper, the impact of ionic size on the electroosmotic flow through an ion-selective soft slit nanochannel is analytically studied. Meanwhile, the modified Poisson-Boltzmann and the modified Navier-Stokes equations were used for modeling the electrostatics and the electrohydrodynamics of the problem, respectively, and the derived equations were solved by linearizing method. The results reveal the importance of considering the effect of ionic size in the calculation, as the steric effects, especially at high charge densities of polyelectrolytes (PELs), dramatically alter both the ions arrangement and the electric potential; and amplify the electroosmotic flow. Considering Debye-Huckel parameters of 4 and 10 for the electrolyte layer and the PEL, respectively, we demonstrate that the dimensionless electroosmotic velocity in a soft nanochannel having a dimensionless soft layer thickness of 0.2, from 3.2 by ignoring the steric effect, can reach the value of 6 by considering the steric effect of ν=0.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Seifollahi
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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14
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Ellis BW, Ronan G, Ren X, Bahcecioglu G, Senapati S, Anderson D, Handberg E, March KL, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. Human Heart Anoxia and Reperfusion Tissue (HEART) Model for the Rapid Study of Exosome Bound miRNA Expression As Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201330. [PMID: 35670145 PMCID: PMC9283287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current biomarkers for myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis are typically late markers released upon cell death, incapable of distinguishing between ischemic and reperfusion injury and can be symptoms of other pathologies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been proposed as alternative biomarkers for MI diagnosis; however, detecting the changes in the human cardiac miRNA profile during MI is extremely difficult. Here, to study the changes in miRNA levels during acute MI, a heart-on-chip model with a cardiac channel, containing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes in human heart decellularized matrix and collagen, and a vascular channel, containing hiPSC-derived endothelial cells, is developed. This model is exposed to anoxia followed by normoxia to mimic ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Using a highly sensitive miRNA biosensor that the authors developed, the exact same increase in miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499 levels in the MI-on-chip and the time-matched human blood plasma samples collected before and after ischemia and reperfusion, is shown. That the surface marker profile of exosomes in the engineered model changes in response to ischemic and reperfusion injury, which can be used as biomarkers to detect MI, is also shown. Hence, the MI-on-chip model developed here can be used in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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15
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Adampourezare M, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F. Microfluidic assisted recognition of miRNAs towards point-of-care diagnosis: Technical and analytical overview towards biosensing of short stranded single non-coding oligonucleotides. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113365. [PMID: 35785705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short stranded single non-coding oligonucleotides that play an important role in regulating gene expression. MiRNAs are stable in RNase enriched environments such as human body fluids and their dysregulation or abnormal abundance in human body fluids as a diagnostic biomarker has been associated with several diseases. Due to the low concentration of miRNAs, it is difficult to detect using interactive methods (ideal detection limit is femtomolar range). However, clinicians lack sensitive and reliable methods for quantifying miRNA. Microfluidic devices integrated with electrochemical, optical (fluorometric, SERs, FRET, colorimetric), electrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical signal readout led to development innovative diagnostic device test, can probably overcome the limitations of the traditional methods. In the present review, microfluid methods for the sensitive and selective recognition of miRNA in various biological matrices are surveyed. Also, advantages and limitation of recognition methods on the performance and efficiency of microfluidic based biosensing of miRNAs are critically investigated. Finally, the future perspectives on the diagnosis of disease based on microfluidic analysis of miRNAs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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16
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Li Y, Jin R, Xu L, Jiang D, Chen HY, Jiang D. Electrochemically Imaging the Response of Ion-Selective Membranes with an Ultralow Detection Limit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14097-14102. [PMID: 35298148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of ion-selective membranes for the selective response of a particular ion has been studied for many years; however, imaging the response of the membrane with a low detection limit is challenging. Here, high spatial-resolution electrochemical imaging of this response down to picomolar is achieved using scanning ion conductive microscopy. The detection strategy relies on the exclusion of a small amount of counter ions from the membrane in the presence of a low concentration of target ions in the solution. These excluded counter ions are adsorbed at the membrane-solution interface, leading to more positive charges at the surface. The resultant elevation of the ionic current in the approach curve behaves as the response for the target ions down to 10-11 M, which is much more sensitive than that using potentiometric measurement. The constant-current scanning of the membrane exhibits the fluctuation of the apparent surface height that is correlated with the ionic concentration, permitting the imaging of the response at the nanoscale. The achievement of highly sensitive and spatial-resolution imaging for the ionic response enable the collection of spatial response at the ion-selective membrane, which will greatly advance the study of ion-selective electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Lingfang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
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17
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Abdollahzadeh M, Chai M, Hosseini E, Zakertabrizi M, Mohammad M, Ahmadi H, Hou J, Lim S, Habibnejad Korayem A, Chen V, Asadnia M, Razmjou A. Designing Angstrom-Scale Asymmetric MOF-on-MOF Cavities for High Monovalent Ion Selectivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107878. [PMID: 34921462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological ion channels feature angstrom-scale asymmetrical cavity structures, which are the key to achieving highly efficient separation and sensing of alkali metal ions from aqueous resources. The clean energy future and lithium-based energy storage systems heavily rely on highly efficient ionic separations. However, artificial recreation of such a sophisticated biostructure has been technically challenging. Here, a highly tunable design concept is introduced to fabricate monovalent ion-selective membranes with asymmetric sub-nanometer pores in which energy barriers are implanted. The energy barriers act against ionic movements, which hold the target ion while facilitating the transport of competing ions. The membrane consists of bilayer metal-organic frameworks (MOF-on-MOF), possessing a 6 to 3.4-angstrom passable cavity structure. The ionic current measurements exhibit an unprecedented ionic current rectification ratio of above 100 with exceptionally high selectivity ratios of 84 and 80 for K+ /Li+ and Na+ / Li+ , respectively (1.14 Li+ mol m-2 h-1 ). Furthermore, using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, it is shown that the combined effect of spatial hindrance and nucleophilic entrapment to induce energy surge baffles is responsible for the membrane's ultrahigh selectivity and ion rectification. This work demonstrates a striking advance in developing monovalent ion-selective channels and has implications in sensing, energy storage, and separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milton Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zakertabrizi
- Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Munirah Mohammad
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hadi Ahmadi
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sean Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Asghar Habibnejad Korayem
- Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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18
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Belloň T, Slouka Z. Overlimiting convection at a heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane studied by particle image velocimetry. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Yadav V, Senapati S, Chang HC. Ion-Depleting Action of Perm-Selective Membranes for Enhancing Electrical Communication and Gated Ion Channel Activity in Cell Cultures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4618-4621. [PMID: 34932307 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion-depletion action of an ion-selective membrane produces a moat channel that electrically insulates a cell colony and elevates the cell medium potential uniformly to synchronously activate and deactivate the voltage-gated ion channels of all cells. The result is robust synchronization with strong intercellular electrical communication and the discovery of ion channel deactivation that is only possible when the cells are in communication. The study suggests that the collective response of a cell colony to external stimuli is distinct from that of a single cell. Cell proliferation must hence be guided with strong intercellular communication and proper exogenous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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20
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Kwon HJ, Lee M, Hong SK, Park C, Cho SJ, Lim G. Comprehensive Electrokinetic-Assisted Separation of Oil Emulsion with Ultrahigh Flux. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15815-15823. [PMID: 34546714 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many industries have a significant but largely unmet need for efficient and high-flux emulsion separation, particularly for nanoemulsions. Conventional separation membranes rely on size-based separation mainly utilizing a sieving mechanism plus a wetting phenomenon, resulting in a dramatic trade-off between separation efficiency and separation flux. Herein we address this challenge by adapting electrokinetics to membrane-based separation, using a charge-based mechanism capable of separating even nanoemulsions with a demonstrated separation efficiency of >99% and ultrahigh flux up to 40 000 L/H·m2. Our device arrests nano-oil droplets, allowing them to coalesce into larger droplets which are then able to be filtered by coarser membranes. This hybrid technology makes electrokinetic-assisted filtration scalable and commercially viable and allows for a better understanding of the multiphysics underlying dynamic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin J Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Minsoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seong Kyung Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Chan Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seong J Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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21
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Ren X, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Blood SR, DeShetler C, Senapati S, March KL, Handberg E, Anderson D, Pepine C, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. A multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) detection platform for rapid diagnosis of myocardial infarction. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3876-3887. [PMID: 34546237 PMCID: PMC9115728 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have shown great potential as rapid and discriminating biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. We have developed a multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) preconcentration/sensing amplification-free platform for quantifying in parallel a panel of miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499, from the same plasma samples from: 1) reference subjects with no evident coronary artery disease (NCAD); 2) subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD); and 3) subjects experiencing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) prior to (STEMI-pre) and following (STEMI-PCI) percutaneous coronary intervention. The picomolar limit of detection from raw plasma and 3-decade dynamic range of MIX·miR permits detection of the miRNA panel in untreated samples from disease patients and its precise standard curve, provided by large 0.1 to 1 V signals and eliminates individual sensor calibration. The use of molecular concentration feature reduces the assay time to less than 30 minutes and increases the detection sensitivity by bringing all targets close to the sensors. miR-1 was low for NCAD patients but more than one order of magnitude above the normal value for all samples from three categories (CAD, STEMI-pre, and STEMI-PCI) of patients with CAD. In fact, miR-1 expression levels of stable CAD, STEMI-pre and STEMI-PCI are each more than 10-fold higher than the previous class, in that order, well above the 95% confidence level of MIX·miR. Its overexpression estimate is significantly higher than the PCR benchmark. This suggests that, in contrast to protein biomarkers of myocardial injury, miR-1 appears to differentiate ischemia from both reperfusion injury and non-AMI CAD patients. The battery-operated MIX·miR can be a portable and low-cost AMI diagnostic device, particularly useful in settings where cardiac catheterization is not readily available to determine the status of coronary reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - George Ronan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Stuart Ryan Blood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cameron DeShetler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carl Pepine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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22
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Space-Charge breakdown phenomenon and spatio-temporal ion concentration and fluid flow patterns in overlimiting current electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Protein Crystallization in a Microfluidic Contactor with Nafion ®117 Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080549. [PMID: 34436312 PMCID: PMC8398885 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystallization still remains mostly an empirical science, as the production of crystals with the required quality for X-ray analysis is dependent on the intensive screening of the best protein crystallization and crystal’s derivatization conditions. Herein, this demanding step was addressed by the development of a high-throughput and low-budget microfluidic platform consisting of an ion exchange membrane (117 Nafion® membrane) sandwiched between a channel layer (stripping phase compartment) and a wells layer (feed phase compartment) forming 75 independent micro-contactors. This microfluidic device allows for a simultaneous and independent screening of multiple protein crystallization and crystal derivatization conditions, using Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) as the model protein and Hg2+ as the derivatizing agent. This microdevice offers well-regulated crystallization and subsequent crystal derivatization processes based on the controlled transport of water and ions provided by the 117 Nafion® membrane. Diffusion coefficients of water and the derivatizing agent (Hg2+) were evaluated, showing the positive influence of the protein drop volume on the number of crystals and crystal size. This microfluidic system allowed for crystals with good structural stability and high X-ray diffraction quality and, thus, it is regarded as an efficient tool that may contribute to the enhancement of the proteins’ crystals structural resolution.
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24
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Abu-Rjal R, Green Y. Bipolar Nanochannels: A Systematic Approach to Asymmetric Problems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27622-27634. [PMID: 34080433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidic diodes are capable of rectifying the electrical current by several orders of magnitude. In the current state of affairs, determining the rectification factor is not possible as it depends on many system parameters. In this work, we systematically scan the effects of geometry and excess counterion concentrations (i.e., surface charge effects). We show that the current-voltage response varies between the two extreme behaviors of unipolar and bipolar responses. The exact behavior depends on the geometry and surface charge properties of the system. Here, we have gone beyond the typical setup that only considers the dynamics within the nanochannel itself and we have included the effects of the adjoining microchannels. Systems that include both nanochannels and microchannels exhibit the classical signatures of concentration polarization, such as ionic depletion and enrichment. Here, where we have scanned a wide range of parameters, we show that bipolar and semi-bipolar systems exhibit a wider range of phenomena that are intrinsically more complicated. Our system characterization is for both, the much more investigated case of steady state and the less investigated, but equally interesting, time-transient case. For example, it is common to characterize the system by its steady-state result (current-voltage response, rectification factor, and transport number). Here, we demonstrate that the time-transient behavior of the fluxes can also be used to characterize the system, and that the time-dependent rectification factors and transport numbers are meaningful. The systematic approach taken in this work, and the results presented herein, can be used to further elucidate the complicated behavior of the current-voltage response of nanofluidic diodes and to rationalize experimental results. The insights of this work can be used to enhance and improve the design of all nanofluidic diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Abu-Rjal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Green
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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25
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Visual pH Sensors: From a Chemical Perspective to New Bioengineered Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102952. [PMID: 34065629 PMCID: PMC8156760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human activities and cellular functions depend upon precise pH values, and pH monitoring is considered a fundamental task. Colorimetric and fluorescence sensors for pH measurements are chemical and biochemical tools able to sense protons and produce a visible signal. These pH sensors are gaining widespread attention as non-destructive tools, visible to the human eye, that are capable of a real-time and in-situ response. Optical “visual” sensors are expanding researchers’ interests in many chemical contexts and are routinely used for biological, environmental, and medical applications. In this review we provide an overview of trending colorimetric, fluorescent, or dual-mode responsive visual pH sensors. These sensors include molecular synthetic organic sensors, metal organic frameworks (MOF), engineered sensing nanomaterials, and bioengineered sensors. We review different typological chemical entities of visual pH sensors, three-dimensional structures, and signaling mechanisms for pH sensing and applications; developed in the past five years. The progression of this review from simple organic molecules to biological macromolecules seeks to benefit beginners and scientists embarking on a project of pH sensing development, who needs background information and a quick update on advances in the field. Lessons learned from these tools will aid pH determination projects and provide new ways of thinking for cell bioimaging or other cutting-edge in vivo applications.
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26
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Pandey D, Bhattacharyya S, Ghosal S. Charge Selectivity of an Ionic Transistor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4571-4577. [PMID: 33825463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The charge selective properties of a long planar nanochannel with an embedded finite uniformly charged section in the middle are studied. The probability flux of a single test ion initially confined to the inlet reservoir is determined by integrating the Smoluchowski equation using a previously published series solution for the Debye-Hückel potential in this geometry. The charge selective properties are characterized by a dimensionless quantity that we call the "fractional blockage". We study how the fractional blockage depends on the dimensionless parameters that characterize the charge state and channel geometry. In the limit of strongly overlapped wall Debye layers, analytical expressions for the fractional blockage are presented that are found to be in good agreement with numerically computed values in the appropriate asymptotic regimes. These results may be helpful in the design of nanofluidic devices that have a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyel Pandey
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sandip Ghosal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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27
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Sensale S, Ramshani Z, Senapati S, Chang HC. Universal Features of Non-equilibrium Ionic Currents through Perm-Selective Membranes: Gating by Charged Nanoparticles/Macromolecules for Robust Biosensing Applications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1906-1915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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28
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Ramshani Z, Fan F, Wei A, Romanello-Giroud-Joaquim M, Gil CH, George M, Yoder MC, Hanjaya-Putra D, Senapati S, Chang HC. A multiplexed immuno-sensor for on-line and automated monitoring of tissue culture protein biomarkers. Talanta 2020; 225:122021. [PMID: 33592751 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frequent on-line and automated monitoring of multiple protein biomarkers level secreted in the culture media during tissue growth is essential for the successful development of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) products. Here, we present a low-cost, rapid, reliable, and integrable anion-exchange membrane-(AEM) based multiplexed sensing platform for this application. Unlike the gold-standard manual ELISA test, incubation/wash steps are optimized for each target and precisely metered in microfluidic chips to enhance selectivity. Unlike optical detection and unreliable visual detection for the ELISA test, which require standardization for every usage, the AEM ion current signal also offers robustness, endowed by the pH and ionic strength control capability of the ion-selective membrane, such that a universal standard curve can be used to calibrate all runs. The electrical signal is enhanced by highly charged silica nanoparticle reporters, which also act as hydrodynamic shear amplifiers to enhance selectivity during wash. This AEM-based sensing platform is tested with vascular protein biomarkers, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Angiogenin (ANG) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF). The limit of detection and three-decade dynamic range are comparable to ELISA assay but with a significantly reduced assay time of 1 h vs 7 h, due to the elimination of calibration and blocking steps. Optimized protocol for each target renders the detection highly reliable with more than 98% confidence. The multiplexed detection capability of the platform is also demonstrated by simultaneous detection of ET-1, ANG and PlGF in 40 μl of the vascular endothelial cell culture supernatants using three-membrane AEM sensor and the performance is validated against ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Alicia Wei
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Miguel Romanello-Giroud-Joaquim
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matt George
- Vascugen Inc., 5602 Research Park Blvd, Ste 213, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Vascugen Inc., 5602 Research Park Blvd, Ste 213, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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29
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Yadav V, Chong N, Ellis B, Ren X, Senapati S, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. Constant-potential environment for activating and synchronizing cardiomyocyte colonies with on-chip ion-depleting perm-selective membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4273-4284. [PMID: 33090162 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ion depleted zone created by an ion-selective membrane was used to impose a high and uniform constant extracellular potential over an entire ∼1000 cell rat cardiomyocyte (rCM) colony on-a-chip to trigger synchronized voltage-gated ion channel activities while preserving cell viability, thus extending single-cell voltage-clamp ion channel studies to an entire normalized colony. Image analysis indicated that rCM beating was strengthened and accelerated (by a factor of ∼2) within minutes of ion depletion and the duration of contraction and relaxation phases was significantly reduced. After the initial synchronization, the entire colony responds collectively to external potential changes such that beating over the entire colony can be activated or deactivated within 0.1 s. These newly observed collective dynamic responses, due to simultaneous ion channel activation/deactivation by a uniform constant-potential extracellular environment, suggest that perm-selective membrane modules on cell culture chips can facilitate studies of extracellular cardiac cell electrical communication and how ion-channel related pathologies affect cardiac cell synchronization. The future applications of this new technology can lead to better drug screening platforms for cardiotoxicity as well as platforms that can facilitate synchronized maturation of pluripotent stem cells into colonies with high electrical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nicholas Chong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley Ellis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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30
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Abstract
Micro-hole voltammetry exhibiting rectified current-voltage curves was performed in hydrochloric acid by varying the lengths and the diameters of the micro-holes on one end of which a Nafion film was mounted. Some voltammetric properties were compared with those in NaCl solution. The voltammograms were composed of two line-segments, the slope of one segment being larger than the other. They were controlled by electric migration partly because of the linearity of the voltammograms and partly the independence of the scan rates. Since the low conductance which appeared in the current from the hole to the Nafion film was proportional to the cross section area of the hole and the inverse of the length of the hole, it should be controlled by the geometry of the hole. The conductance of the hydrogen ion in the Nafion film was observed to be smaller than that in the bulk, because the transport rate of hydrogen ion by the Grotthuss mechanism was hindered by the destruction of hydrogen bonds in the film. In contrast, the conductance for the current from the Nafion to the hole, enhancing by up to 30 times in magnitude from the opposite current, was controlled by the cell geometry rather than the hole geometry except for very small holes. A reason for the enhancement is a supply of hydrogen ions from the Nafion to increase the concentration in the hole. The concentration of the hydrogen ion was five times smaller than that of sodium ion because of the blocking of transport of the hydrogen ion in the Nafion film. However, the rectification ratio of H+ was twice as large as that of Na+.
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Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Liquid biopsy technologies based on membrane microfluidics: High-yield purification and selective quantification of biomarkers in nanocarriers. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1878-1892. [PMID: 32180242 PMCID: PMC7492446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, screening cancer non-invasively and frequently by detecting and quantifying molecular markers in physiological fluids, would significantly improve cancer survival rate but it remains a distant goal. The key obstacles presented by the highly heterogeneous samples are rapid/high-yield purification and precise/selective marker capture by their antibody and oligo probes. As irregular expressions of these molecular biomarkers are the key signals, quantifying only those from the cancer cells would greatly enhance the performance of the screening tests. The recent discovery that the biomarkers are carried by nanocarriers, such as exosomes, with cell-specific membrane proteins suggests that such selection may be possible, although a new suite of fractionation and quantification technologies would need to be developed. Although under-appreciated, membrane microfluidics has made considerable contributions to resolving these issues. We review the progress made so far, based on ion-selective, track-etched, and gel membranes and advanced electrophoretic and nano-filtration designs, in this perspective and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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32
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Aoki KJ, Liu L, Marken F, Chen J. Rectification effects of Nafion-backed micropore-voltammograms by difference in migrational modes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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33
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Hoffman JR, Phillip WA. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Integrated Membrane Systems. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1267-1279. [PMID: 35638635 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Membranes fabricated from self-assembled materials are one recent example of how polymer science has been leveraged to advance membrane technology. Due to their well-defined nanostructures, the performance of membranes made from these materials is pushing the boundaries of size-selective filtration. Still, there remains a need for higher performance and more selective membranes. The advent of functional membrane platforms that rely on mechanisms beyond steric hindrance (e.g., charge-selective membranes and membrane sorbents) is one approach to realize improved solute-solute selectivity and further advance membrane technology. To date, the lab-scale demonstration of these platforms has often relied on fabrication schemes that require extended processing times. However, in order to translate lab-scale demonstrations to larger-scale implementation, it is critical that the rate of the functionalization scheme is reconciled with membrane manufacturing rates. In this viewpoint, it is postulated that substrates lined by reactive moieties that are amenable to postfabrication modification would enable the production of membranes with controlled nanostructures while providing access to a diverse array of pore wall chemistries. A comparison of reaction and manufacturing rates suggests that mechanisms that exhibit second-order reaction rate constants of at least 1 M-1 s-1 are needed for roll-to-roll processing. Furthermore, for mechanisms that exhibit rate constants greater than 300 M-1 s-1, it may be possible to integrate multiple functional domains over the membrane surface such that useful properties emerge. These multifunctional systems can expand the capabilities of membranes when the patterned chemistries interact at the heterojunctions between domains (e.g., Janus and charge-patterned mosaic membranes) or if they exhibit cooperative responses to external operating conditions (e.g., membrane pumps).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Hoffman
- 205 McCourtney Hall, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William A. Phillip
- 205 McCourtney Hall, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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34
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Sensale S, Wang C, Chang HC. Resistive amplitude fingerprints during translocation of linear molecules through charged solid-state nanopores. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:035102. [PMID: 32716192 PMCID: PMC7367690 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first analytical theory on the amplitude of resistive signals during molecular translocation through charged solid-state nanopores with variable cross-sectional area and piecewise-constant surface charge densities. By providing closed-form explicit algebraic expressions for the concentration profiles inside charged nanopores, this theory allows the prediction of baseline and translocation resistive signals without the need for numerical simulation of the electrokinetic phenomena. A transversely homogenized theory and an asymptotic expansion for weakly charged pores capture DC or quasi-static rectification due to field-induced intrapore concentration polarization (as a result of pore charge inhomogeneity or a translocating molecule). This theory, validated by simulations and experiments, is then used to explain why the amplitude of a single stranded DNA molecule can be twice as high as the amplitude of its double stranded counterpart. It also suggests designs for intrapore concentration polarization and volume exclusion effects that can produce biphasic and other amplitude fingerprints for high-throughput and yet discriminating molecular identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA
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35
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Polezhaev P, Belloň T, Kurospajeva NC, Vobecká L, Slouka Z. Molecular sieving of tetraalkylammonium cations on cation exchange systems in DC electric field. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Bondarenko MP, Bruening ML, Yaroshchuk AE. Current‐Induced Ion Concentration Polarization at a Perfect Ion‐Exchange Patch in an Infinite Insulating Wall. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mykola P. Bondarenko
- Institute of Bio-Colloid Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Vernadskiy ave.42 03142 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Andriy E. Yaroshchuk
- ICREA, pg. L.Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic University of Catalonia av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
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37
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Doi K, Asano N, Kawano S. Development of glass micro-electrodes for local electric field, electrical conductivity, and pH measurements. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4110. [PMID: 32139704 PMCID: PMC7058011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In micro- and nanofluidic devices, liquid flows are often influenced by ionic currents generated by electric fields in narrow channels, which is an electrokinetic phenomenon. Various technologies have been developed that are analogous to semiconductor devices, such as diodes and field effect transistors. On the other hand, measurement techniques for local electric fields in such narrow channels have not yet been established. In the present study, electric fields in liquids are locally measured using glass micro-electrodes with 1-μm diameter tips, which are constructed by pulling a glass tube. By scanning a liquid poured into a channel by glass micro-electrodes, the potential difference in a liquid can be determined with a spatial resolution of the size of the glass tip. As a result, the electrical conductivity of sample solutions can be quantitatively evaluated. Furthermore, combining two glass capillaries filled with buffer solutions of different concentrations, an ionic diode that rectifies the proton conduction direction is constructed, and the possibility of pH measurement is also demonstrated. Under constant-current conditions, pH values ranging from 1.68 to 9.18 can be determined more quickly and stably than with conventional methods that depend on the proton selectivity of glass electrodes under equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Doi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Naoki Asano
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Satoyuki Kawano
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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38
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Pismenskaya ND, Mareev SA, Pokhidnya EV, Larchet C, Dammak L, Nikonenko VV. Effect of Surface Modification of Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membranes on the Intensity of Electroconvection at Their Surfaces. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Water Splitting on Ion Transfer in the Depleted Diffusion Layer Near an Ion-Exchange Membrane. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10020022. [PMID: 32023962 PMCID: PMC7073578 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Water splitting (WS) and electroconvection (EC) are the main phenomena affecting ion transfer through ion-exchange membranes in intensive current regimes of electrodialysis. While EC enhances ion transport, WS, in most cases, is an undesirable effect reducing current efficiency and causing precipitation of sparingly soluble compounds. A mathematical description of the transfer of salt ions and H+ (OH−) ions generated in WS is presented. The model is based on the Nernst–Planck and Poisson equations; it takes into account deviation from local electroneutrality in the depleted diffusion boundary layer (DBL). The current transported by water ions is given as a parameter. Numerical and semi-analytical solutions are developed. The analytical solution is found by dividing the depleted DBL into three zones: the electroneutral region, the extended space charge region (SCR), and the quasi-equilibrium zone near the membrane surface. There is an excellent agreement between two solutions when calculating the concentration of all four ions, electric field, and potential drop across the depleted DBL. The treatment of experimental partial current–voltage curves shows that under the same current density, the surface space charge density at the anion-exchange membrane is lower than that at the cation-exchange membrane. This explains the negative effect of WS, which partially suppresses EC and reduces salt ion transfer. The restrictions of the analytical solution, namely, the local chemical equilibrium assumption, are discussed.
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40
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Sensale S, Peng Z, Chang HC. Biphasic signals during nanopore translocation of DNA and nanoparticles due to strong ion cloud deformation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22772-22779. [PMID: 31517378 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a theory for biphasic ionic current signals during DNA and nanoparticle translocation through a solid-state nanopore that produces scaling results consistent with those of finite element simulations (FEM), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments. For standard nanopores designed for potential rapid sequencing applications, the electric field is enhanced by orders of magnitude due to field focusing and can severely deform the ion-cloud around the charged DNA. Highly fore-aft asymmetric space charge distribution leads to a universal quasi-steady comet-like structure with a long tail. In contrast to previous biphasic theories, the charge density and length of the tail, which are responsible for the negative resistive pulse, are shown to depend sensitively on the dimensionless applied field, the Peclet number Pe, with a ∓1 scaling, due to a balance between tangential migration and normal diffusion. An optimum Pe is predicted where the negative pulse has the maximum amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA.
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, USA
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41
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Zhang Y, Takahashi Y, Hong SP, Liu F, Bednarska J, Goff PS, Novak P, Shevchuk A, Gopal S, Barozzi I, Magnani L, Sakai H, Suguru Y, Fujii T, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Majouga A, Weiss DJ, Edwards C, Ivanov AP, Klenerman D, Sviderskaya EV, Edel JB, Korchev Y. High-resolution label-free 3D mapping of extracellular pH of single living cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5610. [PMID: 31811139 PMCID: PMC6898398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic mapping of extracellular pH (pHe) at the single-cell level is critical for understanding the role of H+ in cellular and subcellular processes, with particular importance in cancer. While several pHe sensing techniques have been developed, accessing this information at the single-cell level requires improvement in sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution. We report on a zwitterionic label-free pH nanoprobe that addresses these long-standing challenges. The probe has a sensitivity > 0.01 units, 2 ms response time, and 50 nm spatial resolution. The platform was integrated into a double-barrel nanoprobe combining pH sensing with feedback-controlled distance dependance via Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. This allows for the simultaneous 3D topographical imaging and pHe monitoring of living cancer cells. These classes of nanoprobes were used for real-time high spatiotemporal resolution pHe mapping at the subcellular level and revealed tumour heterogeneity of the peri-cellular environments of melanoma and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Sung Pil Hong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Philip S Goff
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Pavel Novak
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy prospect 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew Shevchuk
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshimoto Suguru
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy prospect 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-3, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy prospect 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-3, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dominik J Weiss
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, London, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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42
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Kovář P, Tichý D, Slouka Z. Effect of channel geometry on ion-concentration polarization-based preconcentration and desalination. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064102. [PMID: 31700561 PMCID: PMC6824913 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarization of the ion-selective systems results in the formation of ion-depleted and ion-concentrated zones in the electrolyte layers adjacent to the system. One can employ ion-concentration polarization for the removal of charged large molecules and small ions from the flowing liquid. Removal of large molecules from the flowing solution and their local accumulation is often referred to as preconcentration, removal of small ions as desalination. Here, we study the effect of the channel geometry on the removal of charged species from their water solutions experimentally. Straight, converging, and diverging channels equipped with a pair of heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes are compared in terms of their effect on preconcentration of an observable fluorescein dye and on desalination of water solution of potassium chloride. Our results show that preconcentration of the dye is not significantly affected by the channel geometry. The distance of the preconcentration band from one of the membranes was approximately the same in all tested channel geometries. The major difference was in the location of the band within the channel, when the conical channels localized the band at one of the channel walls. The straight channel showed a slightly broader range of applicable flow rates. The semibatch desalination of 0.01M KCl solution turned out to be more efficient in conical channels, which was associated with a larger volume of the channel available for the accumulation of the concentrated solution. Our results suggest that conical channels can be advantageously used in transforming the ion-concentration-polarization-based semibatch desalination into a fully continuous one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kovář
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - David Tichý
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
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43
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Sun G, Wan J, Lu H. Rapid and multi-cycle smFISH enabled by microfluidic ion concentration polarization for in-situ profiling of tissue-specific gene expression in whole C. elegans. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064101. [PMID: 31700560 PMCID: PMC6824911 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gene regulation networks in multicellular organisms is crucial to decipher many complex physiological processes ranging from development to aging. One technique to characterize gene expression with tissue-specificity in whole organisms is single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). However, this protocol requires lengthy incubation times, and it is challenging to achieve multiplexed smFISH in a whole organism. Multiplexing techniques can yield transcriptome-level information, but they require sequential probing of different genes. The inefficient macromolecule exchange through diffusion-dominant transport across dense tissues is the major bottleneck. In this work, we address this challenge by developing a microfluidic/electrokinetic hybrid platform to enable multicycle smFISH in an intact model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. We integrate an ion concentration polarization based ion pump with a microfluidic array to rapidly deliver and remove gene-specific probes and stripping reagents on demand in individual animals. Using our platform, we can achieve rapid smFISH, an order of magnitude faster than traditional smFISH protocols. We also demonstrate the capability to perform multicycle smFISH on the same individual samples, which is impossible to do off-chip. Our method hence provides a powerful tool to study individual-specific, spatially resolvable, and large-scale gene expression in whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchen Sun
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
30332, USA
| | - Jason Wan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
30332, USA
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44
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Vobecká L, Belloň T, Slouka Z. Behavior of Embedded Cation-Exchange Particles in a DC Electric Field. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143579. [PMID: 31336637 PMCID: PMC6678748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodialysis and electrodeionization are separation processes whose performance depends on the quality and properties of ion-exchange membranes. One of the features that largely affects these properties is heterogeneity of the membranes both on the macroscopic and microscopic level. Macroscopic heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes. In these membranes, the functional ion-exchange component is dispersed in a non-conductive binder. The functional component is finely ground ion-exchange resin particles. The understanding of the effect of structure on the heterogeneous membrane properties and behavior is thus of utmost importance since it does not only affect the actual performance but also the cost and therefore competitiveness of the aforementioned separation processes. Here we study the electrokinetic behavior of cation-exchange resin particle systems with well-defined geometrical structure. This approach can be understood as a bottom up approach regarding the membrane preparation. We prepare a structured cation-exchange membrane by using its fundamental component, which is the ion exchange resin. We then perform an experimental study with four different experimental systems in which the number of used cation-exchange particles changes from 1 to 4. These systems are studied by means of basic electrochemical characterization measurements, such as measurement of current–voltage curves and direct optical observation of phenomena that occur at the interface between the ion-exchange system and the adjacent electrolyte. Our work aims at better understanding of the relation between the structure and the membrane properties and of how structure affects electrokinetic behavior of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vobecká
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 3, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Belloň
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 3, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Slouka
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 3, Prague 16628, Czech Republic.
- University of West Bohemia, New Technologies-Research Centre, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen 30614, Czech Republic.
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45
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Ramshani Z, Zhang C, Richards K, Chen L, Xu G, Stiles BL, Hill R, Senapati S, Go DB, Chang HC. Extracellular vesicle microRNA quantification from plasma using an integrated microfluidic device. Commun Biol 2019; 2:189. [PMID: 31123713 PMCID: PMC6527557 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) have tremendous potential as biomarkers for the early detection of disease. Here, we present a simple and rapid PCR-free integrated microfluidics platform capable of absolute quantification (<10% uncertainty) of both free-floating miRNAs and EV-miRNAs in plasma with 1 pM detection sensitivity. The assay time is only 30 minutes as opposed to 13 h and requires only ~20 μL of sample as oppose to 1 mL for conventional RT-qPCR techniques. The platform integrates a surface acoustic wave (SAW) EV lysing microfluidic chip with a concentration and sensing microfluidic chip incorporating an electrokinetic membrane sensor that is based on non-equilibrium ionic currents. Unlike conventional RT-qPCR methods, this technology does not require EV extraction, RNA purification, reverse transcription, or amplification. This platform can be easily extended for other RNA and DNA targets of interest, thus providing a viable screening tool for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Katherine Richards
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Lulu Chen
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90211 USA
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90211 USA
| | - Reginald Hill
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Beverly Hills, CA 90211 USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - David B. Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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46
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Min X, Bao C, Kim WS. Additively Manufactured Digital Microfluidic Platforms for Ion-Selective Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:918-923. [PMID: 30855128 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidic (DMF) sensors integrated with circuit systems have been applied to a broad range of applications including biology, medicine, and chemistry. Compared with the conventional microfluidic devices that require extra liquid as a carrier and a complex pumping system to operate, DMF is an ideal platform for ion-selective sensing as it enables the droplet operation in a discrete, accurate, and automatic way. However, it is quite rare that DMF platform is utilized for the ion-selective detection. In this paper, we report an integrated DMF system which combines DMF and ion-selective sensing for facile blending of multiple ions, and detection of targeted primary ion. The platform is fabricated through an additive manufacturing method, together with the real-time droplet's motion monitoring feedback system. Thus, the fabricated system demonstrates controlled droplet manipulation ability including droplet actuation, mixing, and speed control. Targeted primary ion is selectively detected under concentration range from 10-6 to 1 M. The interference study with blended ions has been investigated through on-chip ion selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Min
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 0A3, Canada
| | - Chao Bao
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 0A3, Canada
| | - Woo Soo Kim
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 0A3, Canada
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47
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Lin CY, Combs C, Su YS, Yeh LH, Siwy ZS. Rectification of Concentration Polarization in Mesopores Leads To High Conductance Ionic Diodes and High Performance Osmotic Power. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3691-3698. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Shao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsien Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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48
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Belloň T, Polezhaev P, Vobecká L, Slouka Z. Fouling of a heterogeneous anion-exchange membrane and single anion-exchange resin particle by ssDNA manifests differently. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Belloň T, Polezhaev P, Vobecká L, Svoboda M, Slouka Z. Experimental observation of phenomena developing on ion-exchange systems during current-voltage curve measurement. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Cheng LJ. Electrokinetic ion transport in nanofluidics and membranes with applications in bioanalysis and beyond. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:021502. [PMID: 29713395 PMCID: PMC5897123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic transport of ions between electrolyte solutions and ion permselective solid media governs a variety of applications, such as molecular separation, biological detection, and bioelectronics. These applications rely on a unique class of materials and devices to interface the ionic and electronic systems. The devices built on ion permselective materials or micro-/nanofluidic channels are arranged to work with aqueous environments capable of either manipulating charged species through applied electric fields or transducing biological responses into electronic signals. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the application of electrokinetic ion transport using nanofluidic and membrane technologies. We start with an introduction into the theoretical basis of ion transport kinetics and their analogy to the charge transport in electronic systems. We continue with discussions of the materials and nanofabrication technologies developed to create ion permselective membranes and nanofluidic devices. Accomplishments from various applications are highlighted, including biosensing, molecular separation, energy conversion, and bio-electronic interfaces. We also briefly outline potential applications and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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