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Wang Z, Chen X, Qiu X, Chen Y, Wang T, Lv L, Guo X, Yang F, Tang M, Gu W, Luo Y. High-Fidelity Sensitive Tracing Circulating Tumor Cell Telomerase Activity. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5527-5536. [PMID: 38483815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic tracing of intracellular telomerase activity plays a crucial role in cancer cell recognition and correspondingly in earlier cancer diagnosis and personalized precision therapy. However, due to the complexity of the required reaction system and insufficient loading of reaction components into cells, achieving a high-fidelity determination of telomerase activity is still a challenge. Herein, an Aptamer-Liposome mediated Telomerase activated poly-Molecular beacon Arborescent Nanoassembly(ALTMAN) approach was described for direct high-fidelity visualization of telomerase activity. Briefly, intracellular telomerase activates molecular beacons, causing their hairpin structures to unfold and produce fluorescent signals. Furthermore, multiple molecular beacons can self-assemble, forming arborescent nanostructures and leading to exponential amplification of fluorescent signals. Integrating the enzyme-free isothermal signal amplification successfully increased the sensitivity and reduced interference by leveraging the skillful design of the molecular beacon and the extension of the telomerase-activated TTAGGG repeat sequence. The proposed approach enabled ultrasensitive visualization of activated telomerase exclusively with a prominent detection limit of 2 cells·μL-1 and realized real-time imaging of telomerase activity in living cancer cells including blood samples from breast cancer patients and urine samples from bladder cancer patients. This approach opens an avenue for establishing a telomerase activity determination and in situ monitoring technique that can facilitate both telomerase fundamental biological studies and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopei Qiu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Lv
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Guo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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Xiao L, Sun H, Cheng R, Yang R, Jin X, Xu Z, Cai Y, Yang Y, Pang F, Xue G, Wang P, Jiang Q, Nie H. Functional requirement of alternative splicing in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic circulating tumor. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102129. [PMID: 38370981 PMCID: PMC10869908 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can provide valuable information regarding metastasis and potential therapies. However, current studies on the EMT overlook alternative splicing. Here, we used single-cell full-length transcriptome data and mRNA sequencing of CTCs to identify stage-specific alternative splicing of partial EMT and mesenchymal states during pancreatic cancer metastasis. We classified definitive tumor and normal epithelial cells via genetic aberrations and demonstrated dynamic changes in the epithelial-mesenchymal continuum in both epithelial cancer cells and CTCs. We provide the landscape of alternative splicing in CTCs at different stages of EMT, uncovering cell-type-specific splicing patterns and splicing events in cell surface proteins suitable for therapies. We show that MBNL1 governs cell fate through alternative splicing independently of changes in gene expression and affects the splicing pattern during EMT. We found a high frequency of events that contained multiple premature termination codons and were enriched with C and G nucleotides in close proximity, which influence the likelihood of stop codon readthrough and expand the range of potential therapeutic targets. Our study provides insights into the EMT transcriptome's dynamic changes and identifies potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Haoxiu Sun
- School for Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xiyun Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhaochun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yideng Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Fenglan Pang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Guangfu Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School for Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School for Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
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3
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Jiang X, Zhang X, Guo C, Ou L. Antifouling modification for high-performance isolation of circulating tumor cells. Talanta 2024; 266:125048. [PMID: 37579675 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which shed from solid tumor tissue into blood circulatory system, have attracted wide attention as a biomarker in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Given their potential significance in clinics, many platforms have been developed to separate CTCs. However, the high-performance isolation of CTCs remains significant challenges including achieving the sensitivity and specificity necessary due to their extreme rarity and severe biofouling in blood, such as billions of background cells and various proteins. With the advancement of CTCs detection technologies in recent years, the highly efficient and highly specific detection platforms for CTCs have gradually been developed, resulting in improving CTC capture efficiency, purity and sensitivity. In this review, we systematically describe the current strategies with surface modifications by utilizing the antifouling property of polymer, peptide, protein and cell membrane for high-performance enrichment of CTCs. To wrap up, we discuss the substantial challenges facing by current technologies and the potential directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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4
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Asleh K, Dery V, Taylor C, Davey M, Djeungoue-Petga MA, Ouellette RJ. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology. Biomark Res 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37978566 PMCID: PMC10655470 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed to the dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter the microenvironment. While to date most advancements have been made through examining the clinical utility of tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature and lack of a holistic representation of the evolving disease in a real-time manner could result in suboptimal treatment decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches to identify biomarkers that predict and monitor treatment response as well as alert to the emergence of recurrences is of a critical need. Currently, research efforts are shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers obtained from patients over the course of disease. Liquid biopsy represents a unique opportunity to monitor intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment which could occur through the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale vesicles which transfer a plethora of biomolecules that mediate intercellular crosstalk, shape the tumor microenvironment, and modify drug response. The capture of EVs using innovative approaches, such as microfluidics, magnetic beads, and aptamers, allow their analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques and facilitate their use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning algorithms, is advancing multi-omics analyses to uncover candidate biomarkers and predictive signatures that are key for translation into clinical trials. With the increasing recognition of the role of EVs in mediating immune evasion and as a valuable biomarker source, these real-time snapshots of cellular communication are promising to become an important tool in the field of precision oncology and spur the recognition of strategies to block resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of EVs in biomarker research describing current advances in their isolation and analysis techniques as well as their function as mediators in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight recent lung cancer and melanoma studies that point towards their application as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and their potential clinical use in precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Valerie Dery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Michelle Davey
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Dr Georges L. Dumont University Hospital, Vitalite Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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5
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Lopez-Cavestany M, Wright OA, Cassidy AM, Carter AT, King MR. Dual Affinity Nanoparticles for the Transport of Therapeutics from Carrier Cells to Target Cells under Physiological Flow Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42748-42761. [PMID: 38024679 PMCID: PMC10652824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel two-stage nanoparticle delivery platform was developed based on the dual functionalization of a liposome with moieties that have fundamentally different strengths of adhesion and binding kinetics. The essential concept of this system is that the nanoparticles are designed to loosely bind to the carrier cell until they come into contact with the target cell, to which they bind with greater strength. This allows the nanoparticle to be transferred from one cell to another, circulating for longer periods of time in the blood and delivering the therapeutic agent to the target circulating tumor cell. Liposomes were prepared using the lipid cake and extrusion technique, then functionalized with E-selectin (ES), anti-cell surface vimentin antibody fragments, and TRAIL via click chemistry. The binding of dual affinity (DA) liposomes was confirmed with the neutrophil-like cell line PLB985, the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116, and healthy granulocytes isolated from peripheral whole blood under physiologically relevant fluid shear stress (FSS) in a cone-and-plate viscometer. Transfer of the DA liposomes from PLB985 to HCT116 cells under FSS was greater compared to all of the control liposome formulations. Additionally, DA liposomes demonstrated enhanced apoptotic effects on HCT116 cells in whole blood under FSS, surpassing the efficacy of the ES/TRAIL liposomes previously developed by the King Lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Cavestany
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Olivia A. Wright
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ava M. Cassidy
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Alexandria T. Carter
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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6
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Pipatwatcharadate C, Iyer PR, Pissuwan D. Recent Update Roles of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC)/Non-CTC Separation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2482. [PMID: 37896242 PMCID: PMC10610106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important in the metastatic process of cancer. CTCs are able to circulate in the bloodstream. Therefore, they can be used as biomarkers of metastasis. However, CTCs are rare when compared to a large number of blood cells in the blood. Many CTC detection methods have been developed to increase CTC detection efficiency. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted immense attention owing to their potential medical applications. They are particularly appealing as a tool for cell separation. Because of their unique properties, MNPs are of considerable interest for the enrichment of CTCs through CTC or non-CTC separation. Herein, we review recent developments in the application of MNPs to separate CTCs or non-CTCs in samples containing CTCs. This review provides information on new approaches that can be used to detect CTCs in blood samples. The combination of MNPs with other particles for magnetic-based cell separation for CTC detection is discussed. Furthermore, different approaches for synthesizing MNPs are included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawapon Pipatwatcharadate
- Nanobiotechnology and Nanobiomaterials Research (N-BMR) Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.P.); (P.R.I.)
| | - Poornima Ramesh Iyer
- Nanobiotechnology and Nanobiomaterials Research (N-BMR) Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.P.); (P.R.I.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dakrong Pissuwan
- Nanobiotechnology and Nanobiomaterials Research (N-BMR) Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.P.); (P.R.I.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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7
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Salehi M, Lavasani ZM, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Shokouhian B, Hassan M, Najimi M, Vosough M. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Promising Tool for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2260. [PMID: 37759483 PMCID: PMC10527869 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a significant contributor to the cancer burden, and its incidence rates have recently increased in almost all countries. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Because of the late diagnosis and lack of efficient therapeutic modality for advanced stages of HCC, the death rate continues to increase by ~2-3% per year. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising tools for early diagnosis, precise prognosis, and follow-up of therapeutic responses. They can be considered to be an innovative biomarker for the early detection of tumors and targeted molecular therapy. In this review, we briefly discuss the novel materials and technologies applied for the practical isolation and detection of CTCs in HCC. Also, the clinical value of CTC detection in HCC is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran 1665666311, Iran; (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Zohre Miri Lavasani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran;
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran 1665666311, Iran; (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Bahare Shokouhian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran 1665666311, Iran; (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran 1665666311, Iran; (M.S.); (B.S.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Jiang S, Wang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Chen L, Wang B, Zhou B, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Ma B, Du B, Yang Y. Identify the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Carcinoma Patients Being False Negative in Folate Receptor Based Circulating Tumor Cell Detection. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300055. [PMID: 37330646 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In lung cancer diagnosis, folate receptor (FR)-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) has shown its ability to distinguish malignancy from benign disease to some extent. However, there are still some patients that cannot be identified by FR-based CTC detection. And studies comparing the characteristics between true positive (TP) and false negative (FN) patients are few. Thus, the study comprehensively analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics of FN and TP patients in the current study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3420 patients are enrolled. Combining the pathological diagnosis with CTC results, patients are divided into FN and TP groups, and clinicopathological characteristics are compared between two groups. Compared with TP patients, FN patients have smaller tumor, early T stage, early pathological stage, and without lymph node metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is different between FN and TP group. And this result is also demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma subgroup but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Tumor size, T stage, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation status may influence the accuracy of FR-based CTC detection in lung cancer. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinnan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linsong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Benting Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Jiang L, Tong Y, Jiang J, Zhao D. Individualized assessment predictive models for risk and overall survival in elderly patients of primary kidney cancer with bone metastases: A large population-based study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1127625. [PMID: 37181371 PMCID: PMC10167023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1127625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly people are at high risk of metastatic kidney cancer (KC), and, the bone is one of the most common metastatic sites for metastatic KC. However, studies on diagnostic and prognostic prediction models for bone metastases (BM) in elderly KC patients are still vacant. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new diagnostic and prognostic nomograms. Methods We downloaded the data of all KC patients aged more than 65 years during 2010-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to study independent risk factors of BM in elderly KC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for the study of independent prognostic factors in elderly KCBM patients. Survival differences were studied using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis. The predictive efficacy and clinical utility of nomograms were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A final total of 17,404 elderly KC patients (training set: n = 12,184, validation set: n = 5,220) were included to study the risk of BM. 394 elderly KCBM patients (training set: n = 278, validation set: n = 116) were included to study the overall survival (OS). Age, histological type, tumor size, grade, T/N stage and brain/liver/lung metastasis were identified as independent risk factors for developing BM in elderly KC patients. Surgery, lung/liver metastasis and T stage were identified as independent prognostic factors in elderly KCBM patients. The diagnostic nomogram had AUCs of 0.859 and 0.850 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The AUCs of the prognostic nomogram in predicting OS at 12, 24 and 36 months were: training set (0.742, 0.775, 0.787), and validation set (0.721, 0.827, 0.799), respectively. The calibration curve and DCA also showed excellent clinical utility of the two nomograms. Conclusion Two new nomograms were constructed and validated to predict the risk of developing BM in elderly KC patients and 12-, 24-, and 36-months OS in elderly KCBM patients. These models can help surgeons provide more comprehensive and personalized clinical management programs for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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10
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Lv R, Wang X, Mao Z, Bai Y, Hao J, Zhang F. Engineering Sandwiched Nanochannel Aptasensor for Efficiently Screening Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203380. [PMID: 36478319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are a class of important tumor biomarkers and are closely related to tumorous progression. It is urgent to develop a sensitive and highly efficient method for the rapid and accurate detection of cancer cells. Herein, an aptamer sandwiched nanochannel electrochemical sensor was established for the highly selective determination of cancer cells. By virtue of the porous nanochannels as the filter platform and immobilized with DNA aptamers for specifically capturing the cancer cells, the nanochannel-based electrochemical sensor denotes excellent performance for MCF-7 screening, and allowing a low limit of detection of 36 cells mL-1 . The nanochannels-based sandwich structure aptasensor not only presents an efficacious and reliable approach for cancer cell detection but also provides great advantage for preventing electrode passivation in the process of biomarkers analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Bai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Hao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and, Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Wang W, Luo S, Guan S, Li W, Situ B, Li B, Zhang Y, Zheng L. A simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensor for circulating tumor cell determination based on dual-toehold accelerated catalytic hairpin assembly. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:65. [PMID: 36692585 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells in blood circulation (CTCs) are vital biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. We developed a simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensor based on dual-toehold accelerated catalytic hairpin assembly (DCHA) to distinguish CTCs from blood cells. In the presence of CTCs, the aptamer probe initiates the DCHA process, which produces amplified electrochemical signals. Compared with conventional catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), the proposed DCHA showed high sensitivity, which led to a broader working range of 10-1000 cells mL-1 with a limit of detection of 4 cells mL-1. Furthermore, our method exhibited an excellent capability of distinguishing malignant breast cancers from healthy people, with a sensitivity of 97.4%. In summary, we have established an enzyme-free, easy-to-operate, and nondisruptive method for detecting circulating tumor cells in blood circulation based on the DCHA strategy. Its versatility and simplicity will make it more widely used in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiujuan Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shujuan Guan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China. .,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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12
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Deng H, Liu X, Chen J, He Y, Lin L, Liu X, Chen J, Liu X. Photo-functionalized TiO 2 film for facile immobilization of EpCAM antibodies and efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1126602. [PMID: 36925636 PMCID: PMC10011117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood is essential for the screening, treatment, and assessment of the risk of metastasis or recurrence of cancer. Immobilizing specific antibodies, such as EpCAM antibodies, on the material's surface is currently the primary method for efficiently capturing CTCs. However, the strategies for immobilizing antibodies usually have the disadvantages of requiring multiple chemical reagents and a complex pre-treatment process. Herein we developed a simple strategy for the immobilization of EpCAM antibodies without additional chemical reagents. By utilizing the positive charge property of the photo-functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2), the negatively charged carboxyl terminal of EpCAM antibodies was immobilized by electrostatic interaction, allowing the antibodies to expose the antigen binding site fully. The experimental results showed that the photo-functionalized TiO2 surface had a marked positive charge and super-hydrophilic properties that could immobilize large amounts of EpCAM antibodies and keep excellent activity. CTCs capture experiments in vitro showed that the EpCAM antibodies-modified photo-functionalized TiO2 could efficiently capture CTCs. The results of blood circulation experiments in rabbits showed that the EpCAM antibodies-modified photo-functionalized TiO2 could accurately capture CTCs from the whole body's blood. It was foreseen that the strategy of simple immobilization of EpCAM antibodies based on photo-functionalized TiO2 is expected to serve in the efficient capture of CTCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangqin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Core laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanke Lin
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Descamps L, Garcia J, Barthelemy D, Laurenceau E, Payen L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. MagPure chip: an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device for high purification of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4151-4166. [PMID: 36148526 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood, as a liquid biopsy, could lead to a paradigm shift in cancer clinical care by providing an earlier diagnosis, a more accurate prognosis, and personalized treatment. Nevertheless, CTC-specific challenges, including their rarity and heterogeneity, have hampered the wider use of CTCs in clinical studies. Microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to circumvent these limitations but still fail to meet the constraints of high purity and short processing time required to ensure compatibility with clinical follow-up. In this study, we developed an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device, the MagPure chip, to achieve the negative selection of CTCs through the depletion of white blood cells (WBCs) and provide highly purified samples for subsequent analysis. We demonstrate that the MagPure chip depletes all magnetically labeled WBCs (85% of WBCs were successfully labeled) and ensures a CTC recovery rate of 81%. In addition, we show its compatibility with conventional biological studies, including 2D and 3D cell culture, as well as phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Finally, we successfully implemented a two-step separation workflow for whole blood processing by combining a size-based pre-enrichment system (ClearCell FX1®) with the MagPure chip as a subsequent purification step. The total workflow led to high throughput (7.5 mL blood in less than 4 h) and high purity (947 WBCs per mL remaining, 99.99% depletion rate), thus enabling us to quantify CTC heterogeneity in size and tumor marker expression level. This tumor-marker-free liquid biopsy workflow could be used in a clinical context to assess phenotype aggressiveness and the prognosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jessica Garcia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - David Barthelemy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Laurenceau
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière, ILM UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
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14
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Li A, He X, Wu J, Zhang J, Xu G, Xu B, Zhao G, Shen Z. Ultrathin silicon nitride membrane with slit-shaped pores for high-performance separation of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3676-3686. [PMID: 35997043 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an ultrathin filtering membrane with slit-shaped pores which can achieve circulating tumor cell (CTC) separation from whole blood with high performance (high capture efficiency, high white blood cell (WBC) depletion, and high viability). The silicon nitride (Si3N4) filtering membrane was fabricated via the standard microfabrication technology, which can be easily scaled up to mass-production. 6 μm was determined as the optimum width of the filtering pores to better separate CTCs in whole blood, which can reach a high capture efficiency of ∼96%. Meanwhile, the filtering membrane with a high porosity of 34% demonstrated high WBC depletion (∼99.99%). Furthermore, the ultrathin (thickness: 200 nm) Si3N4 membrane facilitated the capture of CTCs with high viability (∼90%). Finally, the microfluidic chip was successfully applied to separate CTCs in whole blood samples from cancer patients and used for molecular examination. These results indicate that this microfluidic chip facilitates the clinical application of CTC-based liquid biopsy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Guoyong Xu
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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15
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Shin D, Choi J, Lee JH, Bang D. Onepot-Seq: capturing single-cell transcriptomes simultaneously in a continuous medium via transient localization of mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12621-12635. [PMID: 35953080 PMCID: PMC9825186 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of single-cell RNA-seq has broadened the spectrum for biological research by providing a high-resolution analysis of cellular heterogeneity. However, the requirement for sophisticated devices for the compartmentalization of cells has limited its widespread applicability. Here, we develop Onepot-Seq, a device-free method, that harnesses the transient localization of mRNA after lysis to capture single-cell transcriptomes simultaneously in a continuous fluid medium. In mixed-species experiments, we obtained high-quality single-cell profiles. Further, cell type-specific poly(A)-conjugated antibodies allow Onepot-Seq to effectively capture target cells in complex populations. Chemical perturbations to cells can be profiled by Onepot-Seq at single-cell resolution. Onepot-Seq should allow routine transcriptional profiling at single-cell resolution, accelerating clinical and scientific discoveries in many fields of science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Ji Hyun Lee.
| | - Duhee Bang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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16
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Gayan S, Joshi G, Dey T. Biomarkers of mitochondrial origin: a futuristic cancer diagnostic. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:77-88. [PMID: 35780307 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly fatal disease without effective early-stage diagnosis and proper treatment. Along with the oncoproteins and oncometabolites, several organelles from cancerous cells are also emerging as potential biomarkers. Mitochondria isolated from cancer cells are one such biomarker candidates. Cancerous mitochondria exhibit different profiles compared with normal ones in morphology, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic landscape. Here, the possibilities of exploring such characteristics as potential biomarkers through single-cell omics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are discussed. Furthermore, the prospects of exploiting the biomarker-based diagnosis and its futuristic utilization through circulatory tumor cell technology are analyzed. A successful alliance of circulatory tumor cell isolation protocols and a single-cell omics platform can emerge as a next-generation diagnosis and personalized treatment procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Gayan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gargee Joshi
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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17
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Zhang Q, Xia F, Gao H, Wu Z, Cao W, Xiang Q, Guan Z, Su Y, Zhang W, Chen W, Mo A, Li S. Circulating Tumor Cells as an Indicator of Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Less Than or Equal to 3 cm in Size: A Multi-Center, Retrospective Study. Front Surg 2022; 9:895426. [PMID: 35795230 PMCID: PMC9251203 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.895426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The status of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is related to the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is also one of the reasons for the poor prognosis of HCC. The purpose of this study was to explore whether CTCs can help guide the choice of treatment methods for HCC. Methods This study is a multicenter retrospective study, including 602 patients with HCC. CTCs were detected in the overall cohort before operation. There were 361 patients in the training cohort and 241 patients in the validation cohort. Patients were divided into CTC-negative group (CTCs = 0/5 mL) and the CTC-positive group (CTCs ≥ 1/5 mL) according to CTCs status. Subgroup analysis was performed according to CTCs status. We compared overall survival, and recurrence outcomes for HCC patients with different CTC statuses after undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or surgical resection (SR) Results There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the RFA group and SR group for CTC-negative patients in both the training cohort and the validation cohort (P > 0.05). However, among CTC-positive patients, the clinical outcome of patients in the SR group was significantly better than those in the RFA group. CTC-positive patients who underwent RFA had increased early recurrence compared to those who underwent SR. RFA is an independent risk factor for survival and recurrence in CTC-positive HCC patients Conclusions The CTC status could serve as an indicator to guide the choice between surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical resection is recommended for CTC-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengyi Gao
- Department of Hepatic Vascular Surgery, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, China
| | - Zhenheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Southern Medical University Graduate School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Xiang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhifeng Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Ali Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
- Correspondence: Ali Mo Shuqun Li
| | - Shuqun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Correspondence: Ali Mo Shuqun Li
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18
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Zhang Q, Xia F, Mo A, He W, Chen J, Zhang W, Chen W. Guiding Value of Circulating Tumor Cells for Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in Solitary Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Clinical Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839597. [PMID: 35664772 PMCID: PMC9159764 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large hepatocellular carcinoma (LHCC) is highly malignant and prone to recurrence, leading to a poor long-term prognosis for patients. There is an urgent need for measures to intervene in postoperative recurrence. Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TACE) is an effective treatment. However, there is a lack of reliable preoperative indicators to guide the application of preoperative TACE. We, therefore, investigated whether the preoperative status of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be used to guide preoperative TACE for HCC treatment. Methods This study recruited 361 HCC patients and compared recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with TACE prior to surgery and those not treated with TACE. Patients were divided into CTC-positive group and CTC-negative group according to CTC status, and the effect of preoperative TACE on RFS and OS was compared in each subgroup. Results In CTC-positive patients, preoperative TACE reduces early recurrence and improves long-term survival. However, HCC patients did not benefit from preoperative TACE for the overall population and CTC-negative patients. Conclusions Preoperative CTC testing is a reliable indicator of whether HCC patients received TACE preoperatively. CTC positivity was associated with early tumor recurrence, and preoperative TACE could reduce early recurrence and long-term prognosis in CTC-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali Mo
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Weiming He
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Weiqiao Zhang
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, China
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19
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Pietri E, Balsano R, Coriano M, Gelsomino F, Leonardi F, Bui S, Gnetti L, Valle RD, Garajová I. The implication of liquid biopsies to predict chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:559-572. [PMID: 35582309 PMCID: PMC9094078 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases among solid tumors. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease and are characterized by poor chemosensitivity. Therefore, earlier diagnosis and novel therapeutic possibilities for pancreatic cancer patients are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology that allows the noninvasive sampling of tumor material. Nowadays, liquid biopsy has shown promising results as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, but it has not yet been universally adopted into regular use by clinicians. In this review, we describe different components of liquid biopsy, especially circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes and their potential clinical utility for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pietri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.,Authors contributed equally
| | - Rita Balsano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy.,Authors contributed equally
| | - Matilde Coriano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena 41124, Italy
| | | | - Simona Bui
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | | | - Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
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20
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Zhou Y, Zhou J, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang H, Shi H, Yue C, Jia F, Li P, Hu Z, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Wang T. Prognostic Relevance of Estrogen Receptor Status in Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Endocrine Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:866293. [PMID: 35574364 PMCID: PMC9097586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, female breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer to occupy the first place of the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The unsatisfactory prognosis of endocrine therapy for breast cancer might be attributed to the discordance in estrogen receptor (ER) status between primary tumors and corresponding metastases, as well as temporal and spatial receptor status heterogeneity at point-in-time between biopsy and treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of ER status in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BC patients. We analyzed ER expression on CTCs isolated using the Pep@MNPs method in 2.0 ml of blood samples from 70 patients with BC and 67 female controls. The predictive and prognostic value of ER expression in CTCs and immunohistochemistry results of biopsies for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients in response to therapies were assessed. The detection rate for CTCs was 95.71% (67/70 patients), with a median of 8 CTCs within 2 ml of peripheral venous blood (PVB). A concordance of 76.56% in ER status between CTCs and corresponding primary tumor and 69.23% between CTCs and corresponding metastases was observed. We also found that patients with ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER+) had longer PFS and OS than those without ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER-). Our findings suggested that ER status in CTCs of BC patients may provide valuable predictive and prognostic insights into endocrine therapies, although further evaluation in larger prospective trials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmei Zhou
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Xiao
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Nanopep Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zefei Jiang
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Descamps L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041981. [PMID: 35216097 PMCID: PMC8875744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood as a real-time liquid biopsy has received increasing attention over the past ten years, and further analysis of these cells may greatly aid in both research and clinical applications. CTC analysis could advance understandings of metastatic cascade, tumor evolution, and patient heterogeneity, as well as drug resistance. Until now, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have been technical challenges to their wider use in clinical studies, but microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations. This review provides a detailed overview of latest and leading microfluidic devices implemented for CTC isolation. In particular, this study details must-have device performances and highlights the tradeoff between recovery and purity. Finally, the review gives a report of CTC potential clinical applications that can be conducted after CTC isolation. Widespread microfluidic devices, which aim to support liquid-biopsy-based applications, will represent a paradigm shift for cancer clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière ILM-UMR 5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chu Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Emerging landscapes of nanosystems based on pre-metastatic microenvironment for cancer theranostics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Grüntkemeier L, Khurana A, Bischoff FZ, Hoffmann O, Kimmig R, Moore M, Cotter P, Kasimir-Bauer S. Single HER2-positive tumor cells are detected in initially HER2-negative breast carcinomas using the DEPArray™-HER2-FISH workflow. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:487-497. [PMID: 35025065 PMCID: PMC9021056 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In breast cancer (BC), overexpression of HER2 on the primary tumor (PT) is determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to stratify samples as negative, equivocal and positive to identify patients (pts) for anti-HER2 therapy. CAP/ASCO guidelines recommend FISH for analyzing HER2/neu (ERBB2) gene amplification and for resolving equivocal HER2 IHC results. However, pre-analytical and analytical aspects are often confounded by sample related limitations and tumor heterogeneity and HER2 expression may differ between the PT and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the precursors of metastasis. We used a validation cohort of BC patients to establish a new DEPArray™-PT-HER2-FISH workflow for further application in a development cohort, characterized as PT-HER2-negative but CTC-HER2/neu-positive, to identify patients with PT-HER2 amplified cells not detected by routine pathology. Methods 50 µm FFPE tumor curls from the validation cohort (n = 49) and the development cohort (n = 25) underwent cutting, deparaffinization and antigen retrieval followed by dissociation into a single-cell suspension. After staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, DAPI and separation via DEPArray™, single cells were processed for HER2-FISH analysis to assess the number of chromosome 17 and HER2 loci signals for comparison, either with available IHC or conventional tissue section FISH. CTC-HER2/neu status was determined using the AdnaTest BreastCancer (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Results Applying CAP/ASCO guidelines for HER2 evaluation of single PT cells, the comparison of routine pathology and DEPArray™-HER2-FISH analysis resulted in a concordance rate of 81.6% (40/49 pts) in the validation cohort and 84% (21/25 pts) in the development cohort, respectively. In the latter one, 4/25 patients had single HER2-positive tumor cells with 2/25 BC patients proven to be HER2-positive, despite being HER2-negative in routine pathology. The two other patients showed an equivocal HER2 status in the DEPArray™-HER2-FISH workflow but a negative result in routine pathology. Whereas all four patients with discordant HER2 results had already died, 17/21 patients with concordant HER2 results are still alive. Conclusions The DEPArray™ system allows pure tumor cell recovery for subsequent HER2/neu FISH analysis and is highly concordant with conventional pathology. For PT-HER2-negative patients, harboring HER2/neu-positive CTCs, this approach might allow caregivers to more effectively offer anti-HER2 treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12282-022-01330-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Grüntkemeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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25
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Cucchiara F, Scarpitta R, Crucitta S, Scatena C, Arici R, Naccarato AG, Fogli S, Danesi R, Del Re M. Diagnosis and treatment monitoring in breast cancer: how liquid biopsy can support patient management. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:119-134. [PMID: 35006002 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging and tissue biopsies represent the current gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis and patient management. However, these practices are time-consuming, expensive and require invasive procedures. Moreover, tissue biopsies do not capture spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Conversely, liquid biopsy, which includes circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, is minimally invasive, easy to perform and can be repeated during a patient's follow-up. Increasing evidence also suggests that liquid biopsy can be used to efficiently screen and diagnose tumors at an early stage, and to monitor changes in the tumor molecular profile. In the present review, clinical applications and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Roberta Arici
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Ruan Q, Yang J, Zou F, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhao K, Lin X, Zeng X, Yu X, Wu L, Lin S, Zhu Z, Yang C. Single-Cell Digital Microfluidic Mass Spectrometry Platform for Efficient and Multiplex Genotyping of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1108-1117. [PMID: 34964350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene mutation profiling of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers comprehensive and real-time molecular information of tumors for targeted therapy guidance, but the lack of efficient and multiplex genotyping techniques for single-CTC analysis greatly hinders its development and clinical application. This paper reports a single-CTC mass spectrometry analysis method for efficient and multiplex mutation profiling based on digital microfluidics. Digital microfluidics affords integrated single-CTC manipulation, from single-CTC isolation to high-performance whole genome amplification, via nanoliter droplet-based wettability trapping and hydrodynamic adjustment of cell distribution. Coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, multiplex mutation information of individual CTCs can be efficiently and accurately identified by the inherent mass differences of different DNA sequences. This platform achieves Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutation profiling of heterogeneous CTCs at the single-cell level from cancer patient samples, offering new avenues for genotype profiling of single CTCs and cancer therapy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Ruan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fenxiang Zou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoye Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiyuan Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuichao Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Kim MJ, Ha SJ. Differential Role of PD-1 Expressed by Various Immune and Tumor Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Expression, Function, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767466. [PMID: 34901012 PMCID: PMC8662983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), tumor cells interact with various cells and operate various strategies to avoid antitumor immune responses. These immune escape strategies often make the TIME resistant to cancer immunotherapy. Neutralizing immune escape strategies is necessary to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) expressed in effector immune cells inhibit their effector function via direct interaction with immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) expressed in tumor cells. Therefore, blocking ICRs or ICLs has been developed as a promising cancer immunotherapy by reinvigorating the function of effector immune cells. Among the ICRs, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has mainly been antagonized to enhance the survival of human patients with cancer by restoring the function of tumor-infiltrating (TI) CD8+ T cells. It has been demonstrated that PD-1 is expressed not only in TI CD8+ T cells, but also in other TI immune cells and even tumor cells. While PD-1 suppresses the function of TI CD8+ T cells, it is controversial whether PD-1 suppresses or amplifies the suppressive function of TI-suppressive immune cells (e.g., regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid cells). There is also controversy regarding the role of tumor-expressing PD-1. Therefore, a precise understanding of the expression pattern and function of PD-1 in each cell subset is important for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the differential role of PD-1 expressed by various TI immune cells and tumor cells. We focused on how cell-type-specific ablation or blockade of PD-1 affects tumor growth in a murine tumor model. Furthermore, we will also describe how the blockade of PD-1 acts on TI immune cells in human patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Circulating Tumor Cell Is a Clinical Indicator of Pretransplant Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7776389. [PMID: 34712326 PMCID: PMC8548160 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7776389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It is of great significance to confirm reliable indicators for the guidance of pretransplant radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aim to investigate whether circulating tumor cell (CTC) status is a clinical indicator for RFA before liver transplantation (LT) in HCC patients. Method CTC analyses were measured in 79 HCC patients. Clinical outcomes including progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared and analyzed between patients with and without pretransplant RFA. Result Forty-two patients were detected as CTC-positive and 18 patients received pretransplant RFA. Recurrence was correlated with CTC count (P=0.024), tumor number (P=0.035), liver cirrhosis (P=0.001), Milan criteria (P=0.003), and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria (P=0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with CTC-positive had a lower PFS rate (P=0.0257). For CTC-positive patients, the PFS rate of the pretransplant RFA group was significantly higher than the non-pretransplant RFA group (100% vs. 46.7%, P=0.0236). For CTC-negative patients, both PFS rate and OS rate were similar and without significant differences. In multivariate analysis, pretransplant RFA was the independent factor for PFS (P=0.025). Conclusion Pretransplant CTC status can guide the administration of pretransplant RFA in HCC patients which can improve PFS in CTC-positive HCC patients.
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29
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Li B, Lu X, Wang R, Li H, Yan B, Gu A, Wang W, Huang A, Wu S, Li R. Whole-Exome Sequencing on Circulating Tumor Cells Explores Platinum-Drug Resistance Mutations in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:722078. [PMID: 34616428 PMCID: PMC8488217 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.722078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have important applications in clinical practice on early tumor diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment evaluation. Platinum-based chemotherapy is a fundamental treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are not suitable for targeted drug therapies. However, most patients progressed after a period of treatment. Therefore, revealing the genetic information contributing to drug resistance and tumor metastasis in CTCs is valuable for treatment adjustment. In this study, we enrolled nine NSCLC patients with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. For each patient, 10 CTCs were isolated when progression occurred to perform single cell-level whole-exome sequencing (WES). Meanwhile the patients' paired primary-diagnosed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples and progressive biopsy specimens were also selected to perform WES. Comparisons of distinct mutation profiles between primary and progressive specimens as well as CTCs reflected different evolutionary mechanisms between CTC and lymph node metastasis, embodied in a higher proportion of mutations in CTCs shared with paired progressive lung tumor and hydrothorax specimens (4.4-33.3%) than with progressive lymphatic node samples (0.6-11.8%). Functional annotation showed that CTCs not only harbored cancer-driver gene mutations, including frequent mutations of EGFR and TP53 shared with primary and/or progressive tumors, but also particularly harbored cell cycle-regulated or stem cell-related gene mutations, including SHKBP1, NUMA1, ZNF143, MUC16, ORC1, PON1, PELP1, etc., most of which derived from primary tumor samples and played crucial roles in chemo-drug resistance and metastasis for NSCLCs. Thus, detection of genetic information in CTCs is a feasible strategy for studying drug resistance and discovering new drug targets when progressive tumor specimens were unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Berry Oncology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Boyi Li
- Berry Oncology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ruiru Wang
- Berry Oncology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Berry Oncology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqin Gu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimi Huang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rong Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Hagey DW, Kordes M, Görgens A, Mowoe MO, Nordin JZ, Moro CF, Löhr J, EL Andaloussi S. Extracellular vesicles are the primary source of blood-borne tumour-derived mutant KRAS DNA early in pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12142. [PMID: 34595842 PMCID: PMC8485184 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the field of liquid biopsies has focused on circulating tumour DNA and cells, though extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been of increasing interest in recent years. Thus, reported sources of tumour-derived nucleic acids include leukocytes, platelets and apoptotic bodies (AB), as well as large (LEV) and small (SEV) EVs. Despite these competing claims, there has yet to be a standardized comparison of the tumour-derived DNA associated with different components of blood. To address this issue, we collected twenty-three blood samples from seventeen patients with pancreatic cancers of known mutant KRAS G12 genotype, and divided them into two groups based on the time of patient survival following sampling. After collecting red and white blood cells, we subjected 1 ml aliquots of platelet rich plasma to differential centrifugation in order to separate the platelets, ABs, LEVs, SEVs and soluble proteins (SP) present. We then confirmed the enrichment of specific blood components in each differential centrifugation fraction using electron microscopy, Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis and bead-based multiplex flow cytometry assays. By targeting wild type and tumour-specific mutant KRAS alleles using digital PCR, we found that the levels of mutant KRAS DNA were highest in association with LEVs and SEVs early, and with SEVs and SP late in disease progression. Importantly, we established that SEVs were the most enriched in tumour-derived DNA throughout disease progression, and verified this association using size exclusion chromatography. This work provides important direction for the rapidly expanding field of liquid biopsies by supporting an increased focus on EVs as a source of tumour-derived DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Hagey
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg EssenEssenGermany
| | - Metoboroghene O. Mowoe
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular MedicineDivision of Chemical and Systems BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Joel Z. Nordin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Molecular TherapyNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)TokyoJapan
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/CytologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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31
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Pan Y, Lu B, Peng Y, Wang M, Deng Y, Yin Y, Yang J, Li G. A simple method to assay tumor cells based on target-initiated steric hindrance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6522-6525. [PMID: 34105555 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed a simple electrochemical method in this work for the assay of tumor cells through their own steric hindrance effect. Specifically, tumor cells can block the catalysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to the aptamer previously immobilized on the electrode surface. By making use of the hindrance effect, cancer cells can be quantitatively analyzed in the range from 1.6 × 102 to 1.6 × 106 cells per mL without complicated design or cumbersome operation, while the detection limit can be about 53 cells per mL. This method can also show satisfactory performance in complex environments, indicating its potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China and Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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32
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de Sousa E, Lérias JR, Beltran A, Paraschoudi G, Condeço C, Kamiki J, António PA, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Castillo-Martin M, Wang Z, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Maeurer M. Targeting Neoepitopes to Treat Solid Malignancies: Immunosurgery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592031. [PMID: 34335558 PMCID: PMC8320363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful outcome of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with solid cancers is in part associated with a high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the recognition of private neoantigens by T-cells. The quality and quantity of target recognition is determined by the repertoire of ‘neoepitope’-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), or peripheral T-cells. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), produced by T-cells and other immune cells, is essential for controlling proliferation of transformed cells, induction of apoptosis and enhancing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, thereby increasing immunogenicity of cancer cells. TCR αβ-dependent therapies should account for tumor heterogeneity and availability of the TCR repertoire capable of reacting to neoepitopes and functional HLA pathways. Immunogenic epitopes in the tumor-stroma may also be targeted to achieve tumor-containment by changing the immune-contexture in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Non protein-coding regions of the tumor-cell genome may also contain many aberrantly expressed, non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) capable of eliciting productive anti-tumor immune responses. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and/or RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of cancer tissue, combined with several layers of bioinformatic analysis is commonly used to predict possible neoepitopes present in clinical samples. At the ImmunoSurgery Unit of the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown (CCU), a pipeline combining several tools is used for predicting private mutations from WES and RNA-Seq data followed by the construction of synthetic peptides tailored for immunological response assessment reflecting the patient’s tumor mutations, guided by MHC typing. Subsequent immunoassays allow the detection of differential IFN-γ production patterns associated with (intra-tumoral) spatiotemporal differences in TIL or peripheral T-cells versus TIL. These bioinformatics tools, in addition to histopathological assessment, immunological readouts from functional bioassays and deep T-cell ‘adaptome’ analyses, are expected to advance discovery and development of next-generation personalized precision medicine strategies to improve clinical outcomes in cancer in the context of i) anti-tumor vaccination strategies, ii) gauging mutation-reactive T-cell responses in biological therapies and iii) expansion of tumor-reactive T-cells for the cellular treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Kamiki
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Applied Adaptome Immunology Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação (IPST), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,I Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Tabatabaei SA, Zabetian Targhi M. Design and experimental investigation of a novel spiral microfluidic chip to separate wide size range of micro-particles aimed at cell separation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:1315-1328. [PMID: 34218740 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211029753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of microparticles and biological cells on microfluidic chips has received considerable attention due to their applications in numerous areas such as medical and engineering fields. Microparticles separation is of great importance in bioassays due to the need for smaller sample and device size and lower manufacturing costs. In this study, we first explain the concepts of separation and microfluidic science along with their applications in the medical sciences, and then, a conceptual design of a novel inertial microfluidic system is proposed and analyzed. The PDMS spiral microfluidic device was fabricated, and its effects on the separation of particles with sizes similar to biological particles were experimentally analyzed. This separation technique can be used to separate cancer cells from the normal ones in the blood samples. These components required for testing were selected, assembled, and finally, a very affordable microfluidic kit was provided. Different experiments were designed, and the results were analyzed using appropriate software and methods. Separator system tests with polydisperse hollow glass particles (diameter 2-20 µm), and monodisperse Polystyrene particles (diameter 5 & 15 µm), and the results exhibit an acceptable chip performance with 86% of efficiency for both monodisperse particles and polydisperse particles. The microchannel collects particles with an average diameter of 15.8, 9.4, and 5.9 μm at the proposed reservoirs. This chip can be integrated into a more extensive point-of-care diagnostic system to test blood samples.
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Circulating Tumor Cells from Enumeration to Analysis: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112723. [PMID: 34072844 PMCID: PMC8198976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With estimated numbers of 1–10 per mL of blood, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely rare compared to white (a few million) or red (billions) blood cells. Given their critical role in metastasis, CTCs have enormous potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response. There are now efforts to characterize CTCs more precisely through molecular and functional analysis, expanding the CTC effort from one of diagnosis and prognosis to now include the use of CTCs to specifically target cancers and discover therapeutic solutions, establishing CTCs as critical in precision medicine. This article summarizes current knowledge about CTC isolation technologies and discusses the translational benefits of different types of downstream analysis approaches, including single-CTC analysis, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and characterization of CTC-associated cells. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a major contributor to distant metastasis. Their unique role as metastatic seeds renders them a potential marker in the circulation for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring of therapeutic response. In the past decade, researchers mainly focused on the development of isolation techniques for improving the recovery rate and purity of CTCs. These developed techniques have significantly increased the detection sensitivity and enumeration accuracy of CTCs. Currently, significant efforts have been made toward comprehensive molecular characterization, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and understanding the interactions between CTCs and their associated cells (e.g., immune cells and stromal cells) in the circulation. In this review, we briefly summarize existing CTC isolation technologies and specifically focus on advances in downstream analysis of CTCs and their potential applications in precision medicine. We also discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in their clinical utilization.
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Circulating extracellular vesicles are effective biomarkers for predicting response to cancer therapy. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103365. [PMID: 33971402 PMCID: PMC8121992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases, as many patients show limited therapeutic response to treatment. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method that has the advantage of providing real-time disease information with the least damage to cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the parental cells and protected by lipid bilayer membrane structure represent an emerging liquid biopsy modality. Apart from promoting cell growth, proliferation, and migration, EVs and their cargos (mainly miRNAs and proteins) are also biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, their alterations pre- and post-therapy can guide therapeutic strategy determinations for better-stratified therapy. In this review, we summarize the potential clinical significance of EVs and their cargos in therapeutic response monitoring and prediction in several cancers (mainly lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, glioblastoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and discuss the questions that require future investigation.
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Gala de Pablo J, Lindley M, Hiramatsu K, Goda K. High-Throughput Raman Flow Cytometry and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2132-2143. [PMID: 33788539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a powerful tool with applications in diverse fields such as microbiology, immunology, virology, cancer biology, stem cell biology, and metabolic engineering. It rapidly counts and characterizes large heterogeneous populations of cells in suspension (e.g., blood cells, stem cells, cancer cells, and microorganisms) and dissociated solid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen, and solid tumors) with typical throughputs of 1,000-100,000 events per second (eps). By measuring cell size, cell granularity, and the expression of cell surface and intracellular molecules, it provides systematic insights into biological processes. Flow cytometers may also include cell sorting capabilities to enable subsequent additional analysis of the sorted sample (e.g., electron microscopy and DNA/RNA sequencing), cloning, and directed evolution. Unfortunately, traditional flow cytometry has several critical limitations as it mainly relies on fluorescent labeling for cellular phenotyping, which is an indirect measure of intracellular molecules and surface antigens. Furthermore, it often requires time-consuming preparation protocols and is incompatible with cell therapy. To overcome these difficulties, a different type of flow cytometry based on direct measurements of intracellular molecules by Raman spectroscopy, or "Raman flow cytometry" for short, has emerged. Raman flow cytometry obtains a chemical fingerprint of the cell in a nondestructive manner, allowing for single-cell metabolic phenotyping. However, its slow signal acquisition due to the weak light-molecule interaction of spontaneous Raman scattering prevents the throughput necessary to interrogate large cell populations in reasonable time frames, resulting in throughputs of about 1 eps. The remedy to this throughput limit lies in coherent Raman scattering methods such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), which offer a significantly enhanced light-sample interaction and hence enable high-throughput Raman flow cytometry, Raman imaging flow cytometry, and even Raman image-activated cell sorting (RIACS). In this Account, we outline recent advances, technical challenges, and emerging opportunities of coherent Raman flow cytometry. First, we review the principles of various types of SRS and CARS and introduce several techniques of coherent Raman flow cytometry such as CARS, multiplex CARS, Fourier-transform CARS, SRS, SRS imaging flow cytometry, and RIACS. Next, we discuss a unique set of applications enabled by coherent Raman flow cytometry, from microbiology and lipid biology to cancer detection and cell therapy. Finally, we describe future opportunities and challenges of coherent Raman flow cytometry including increasing sensitivity and throughput, integration with droplet microfluidics, utilizing machine learning techniques, or achieving in vivo flow cytometry. This Account summarizes the growing field of high-throughput Raman flow cytometry and the bright future it can bring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gala de Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Matthew Lindley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
- Research Center for Spectrochemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
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Hu X, Zang X, Lv Y. Detection of circulating tumor cells: Advances and critical concerns. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 33850563 PMCID: PMC8025150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and the major challenge in cancer treatment. Cancer cells in circulation are termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Primary tumor metastasis is likely due to CTCs released into the bloodstream. These CTCs extravasate and form fatal metastases in different organs. Analyses of CTCs are clarifying the biological understanding of metastatic cancers. These data are also helpful to monitor disease progression and to inform the development of personalized cancer treatment-based liquid biopsy. However, CTCs are a rare cell population with 1-10 CTCs per ml and are difficult to isolate from blood. Numerous approaches to detect CTCs have been developed based on the physical and biological properties of the cells. The present review summarizes the progress made in detecting CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 22300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yanguan Lv
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
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Wang PX, Xu Y, Sun YF, Cheng JW, Zhou KQ, Wu SY, Hu B, Zhang ZF, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang XW, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang XR. Detection of circulating tumour cells enables early recurrence prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Int 2021; 41:562-573. [PMID: 33205544 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver transplantation (LTx) is one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, tumour recurrence after LTx often leads to poor outcomes. This study investigated the value of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as a predictor of recurrence following LTx in patients with HCC. METHODS This analysis included 193 patients with HCC who underwent LTx at our institute and accepted pre- and post-operative CTC detection; 38 were selected for serial CTC monitoring. The predictive value of CTCs for tumour recurrence in patients with HCC following LTx was evaluated. Single-cell whole genome sequencing was used to characterize CTCs. RESULTS Overall, the CTC burden decreased after LTx (P < .05). Post-operative CTC count ≥ 1 per 5 mL peripheral blood was identified as a potential biomarker for predicting tumour recurrence after LTx, especially in patients with no detectable CTCs prior to LTx and negative tumour serological biomarkers. The predictive value of post-operative CTC count ≥ 1 per 5 mL blood was retained in patients who did not meet the Milan criteria, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, or Fudan criteria (all P < .05). Furthermore, post-operative serial CTC detection may be useful in post-surgical surveillance for HCC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS CTCs may be a useful biomarker to evaluate recurrence risk following LTx in patients with HCC. Evaluation based on CTC detection may enhance the post-transplant management of HCC, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Qian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Fan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Chien W, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Effect of cytosol viscosity on the flow behavior of red blood cell suspensions in microvessels. Microcirculation 2020; 28:e12668. [PMID: 33131140 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The flow behavior of blood is strongly affected by red blood cell (RBC) properties, such as the viscosity ratio C between cytosol and suspending medium, which can significantly be altered in several pathologies (e.g. sickle-cell disease, malaria). The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of C on macroscopic blood flow properties such as flow resistance in microvessels, and to link it to the deformation and dynamics of single RBCs. METHODS We employ mesoscopic hydrodynamic simulations to investigate flow properties of RBC suspensions with different cytosol viscosities for various flow conditions in cylindrical microchannels. RESULTS Starting from a dispersed cell configuration which approximates RBC dispersion at vessel bifurcations in the microvasculature, we find that the flow convergence and development of RBC-free layer (RBC-FL) depend only weakly on C, and require a convergence length in the range of 25D-50D, where D is channel diameter. In vessels with D ≤ 20 μ m , the final resistance of developed flow is nearly the same for C = 5 and C = 1, while for D = 40 μ m , the flow resistance for C = 5 is about 10% larger than for C = 1. The similarities and differences in flow resistance can be explained by viscosity-dependent RBC-FL thicknesses, which are associated with the viscosity-dependent dynamics of single RBCs. CONCLUSIONS The weak effect on the flow resistance and RBC-FL explains why RBCs can contain a high concentration of hemoglobin for efficient oxygen delivery, without a pronounced increase in the flow resistance. Furthermore, our results suggest that significant alterations in microvascular flow in various pathologies are likely not due to mere changes in cytosolic viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chien
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Kumar T, Soares RRG, Ali Dholey L, Ramachandraiah H, Aval NA, Aljadi Z, Pettersson T, Russom A. Multi-layer assembly of cellulose nanofibrils in a microfluidic device for the selective capture and release of viable tumor cells from whole blood. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21788-21797. [PMID: 33103175 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to reports by the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer-related deaths reached almost 10 million in 2018. Nearly 65% of these deaths occurred in low- to middle-income countries, a trend that is bound to increase since cancer diagnostics are not currently considered a priority in resource-limited settings (RLS). Thus, cost-effective and specific cancer screening and diagnostics tools are in high demand, particularly in RLS. The selective isolation and up-concentration of rare cells while maintaining cell viability and preventing phenotypic changes is a powerful tool to allow accurate and sensitive downstream analysis. Here, multi-layer cellulose nanofibril-based coatings functionalized with anti-EpCAM antibodies on the surface of disposable microfluidic devices were optimized for specific capture of target cells, followed by efficient release without significant adverse effects. HCT 116 colon cancer cells were captured in a single step with >97% efficiency at 41.25 μL min-1 and, when spiked in whole blood, an average enrichment factor of ∼200-fold relative to white blood cells was achieved. The release of cells was performed by enzymatic digestion of the cellulose nanofibrils which had a negligible impact on cell viability. In particular, >80% of the cells were recovered with at least 97% viability in less than 30 min. Such performance paves the way to expand and improve clinical diagnostic applications by simplifying the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other rare cells directly from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharagan Kumar
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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Park K, Lew D, Chapman C, Wachsman A, Bloom M, Bancila L, Perry R, Wang Q, Jamil L, Pandol S, Lo S. Feasibility and safety study of 22-gauge endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needles for portal vein sampling in a swine model. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E1717-E1724. [PMID: 33140030 PMCID: PMC7581479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1264-7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used for portal vein sampling in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers for enumerating circulating tumor cells but is not yet a standard procedure. Further evaluation is needed to refine the methodology. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of 19-gauge (19G) versus a 22-gauge (22 G) EUS fine-needle aspiration needles for portal vein sampling in a swine model. Methods Celiotomy was performed on two farm pigs. Portal vein sampling occurred transhepatically. We compared 19 G and 22 G needles coated interiorly with saline, heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Small- (10 mL) and large- (25 mL) volume blood collections were evaluated. Two different collection methods were tested: direct-to-vial and suction syringe. A bleeding risk trial for saline-coated 19 G and 22 G needles was performed by puncturing the portal vein 20 times. Persistent bleeding after 3 minutes was considered significant. Results All small-volume collection trials were successful except for 22 G saline-coated needles with direct-to-vial method. All large-volume collection trials were successful when using suction syringe; direct-to-vial method for both 19 G and 22 G needles were unsuccessful. Collection times were shorter for 19 G vs. 22 G needles for both small and large-volume collections ( P < 0.05). Collection times for saline-coated 22 G needles were longer compared to heparin/EDTA-coated ( P < 0.05). Bleeding occurred in 10 % punctures with 19 G needles compared to 0 % with 22 G needles. Conclusion The results of this animal study demonstrate the feasibility and the safety of using 22 G needles for portal vein sampling and can form the basis for a pilot study in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Park
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Lew
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Chapman
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ashley Wachsman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Bloom
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center – Surgery, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Liiana Bancila
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rachel Perry
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laith Jamil
- William Beaumont Hospital – Royal Oak, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Stephen Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon Lo
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, California
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Siu DMD, Lee KCM, Lo MCK, Stassen SV, Wang M, Zhang IZQ, So HKH, Chan GCF, Cheah KSE, Wong KKY, Hsin MKY, Ho JCM, Tsia KK. Deep-learning-assisted biophysical imaging cytometry at massive throughput delineates cell population heterogeneity. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3696-3708. [PMID: 32935707 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The association of the intrinsic optical and biophysical properties of cells to homeostasis and pathogenesis has long been acknowledged. Defining these label-free cellular features obviates the need for costly and time-consuming labelling protocols that perturb the living cells. However, wide-ranging applicability of such label-free cell-based assays requires sufficient throughput, statistical power and sensitivity that are unattainable with current technologies. To close this gap, we present a large-scale, integrative imaging flow cytometry platform and strategy that allows hierarchical analysis of intrinsic morphological descriptors of single-cell optical and mass density within a population of millions of cells. The optofluidic cytometry system also enables the synchronous single-cell acquisition of and correlation with fluorescently labeled biochemical markers. Combined with deep neural network and transfer learning, this massive single-cell profiling strategy demonstrates the label-free power to delineate the biophysical signatures of the cancer subtypes, to detect rare populations of cells in the heterogeneous samples (10-5), and to assess the efficacy of targeted therapeutics. This technique could spearhead the development of optofluidic imaging cell-based assays that stratify the underlying physiological and pathological processes based on the information-rich biophysical cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson M D Siu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Choi Yei Ching Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Werno C, Honarnejad K, Polzer B. Predicting therapy response by analysis of metastasis founder cells: emerging perspectives for personalized tumor therapy. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1831910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werno
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kamran Honarnejad
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
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Keup C, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. Liquid Biopsies to Evaluate Immunogenicity of Gynecological/Breast Tumors: On the Way to Blood-Based Biomarkers for Immunotherapies. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15:470-480. [PMID: 33223990 PMCID: PMC7650128 DOI: 10.1159/000510509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the assumption of breast cancer (BC) as a cold, non-immunogenic tumor, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is favorable for a subgroup of patients. Immunohistochemical assessment of the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the only approved companion diagnostic for anti-PD-L1 therapy in metastatic triple-negative BC; however, challenges regarding the standardization of PD-L1 scoring in tumor tissue still remain. Consequently, to select patients most likely to respond to ICI, blood-based biomarkers are urgently needed. SUMMARY AND KEY MESSAGES Liquid biopsy, comprising circulating immune cells, circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles, as well as their surface proteins, is of high potential, and these analytes were already shown to be molecular correlates or regulators of the evasion from antitumoral immune reaction. Liquid biopsy, also enabling the evaluation of tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability, and the T-cell receptor repertoire, allows serial sampling for monitoring purposes and reflects intra-tumoral heterogeneity which qualifies as marker for immunogenicity. Only a very few studies have already elucidated the potential of these analytes as biomarkers under ICI therapy. Nonetheless, the topic is of growing interest and has high relevance for the future. However, for clinical implementation, these multifarious analytes first need to pass robust standardization and validation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Jian X, Xu J, Yang L, Zhao C, Xu J, Gao Z, Song YY. Intracellular Metal-Organic Frameworks: Integrating an All-In-One Semiconductor Electrode Chip for Therapy, Capture, and Quantification of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13319-13326. [PMID: 32897047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Capture, analysis, and inactivation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as important issues for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In this study, an all-in-one sensing device was developed by integrating magnetic metal-organic framework (magMOF) nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNTs). The magMOF NPs are composed of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a MIL-100(Fe) shell, which is loaded with glucose oxidase (GOD) and provides an intensive starvation therapy by catalyzing the consumption of cellular nutrients, thus accelerating the generation of intracellular iron ions by MIL-100(Fe) dissolution. Importantly, these iron ions not only lead to an intensive Fenton-like reaction but also establish an excellent correlation of electrochemical intensities with cancer cell numbers. Owing to the intracellular magMOF NPs, the CTCs were magnetically collected onto TiNTs. The exogenous ·OH radicals generated by TiNT photocatalysis trigger iron ions to be rapidly released out and subsequently detected via differential pulse voltammetry using TiNTs as the electrode. An excellent correlation of differential pulse voltammetry intensities with CTC numbers is obtained from 2 to 5000 cell mL-1. This nanoplatform not only paves a way to combine starvation therapy agents with Fenton-like reaction for chemodynamic therapy but also opens up new insights into the construction of all-in-one chips for CTC capture and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jian
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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46
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Agashe R, Kurzrock R. Circulating Tumor Cells: From the Laboratory to the Cancer Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092361. [PMID: 32825548 PMCID: PMC7564158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that are shed from tumors into the bloodstream. Cell enrichment and isolation technology as well as molecular profiling via next-generation sequencing have allowed for a greater understanding of tumor cancer biology via the interrogation of CTCs. CTC detection can be used to predict cancer relapse, progression, and survival; evaluate treatment effectiveness; and explore the ex vivo functional impact of agents. Detection methods can be by either immunoaffinity (positive or negative enrichment strategies) or biophysical strategies. CTC characterization, which is performed by DNA, RNA, and/or protein techniques, can predict metastatic potential. Currently, CTC-derived explant models may mimic patient response to chemotherapy and help with studying druggable targets and testing treatments. The Food and Drug Administration has cleared a CTC blood test to enumerate CTCs derived from breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. In conclusion, liquid biopsies via CTCs provide a non-invasive way to obtain important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information in patients with cancer.
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47
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Wang PX, Sun YF, Zhou KQ, Cheng JW, Hu B, Guo W, Yin Y, Huang JF, Zhou J, Fan J, Cheung TT, Qu XD, Yang XR. Circulating tumor cells are an indicator for the administration of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center, retrospective, propensity-matched study. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e137. [PMID: 32702202 PMCID: PMC7418815 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High rates of postoperative tumor recurrence contribute to poor outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) status can predict the benefit of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with HCC. Methods The retrospective study enrolled 344 HCC patients with preoperative CTCs analysis. Clinical outcomes including recurrence and survival were compared between those who received and who did not receive adjuvant TACE. Similar comparisons were made for patients stratified according to CTC status (CTC‐negative [CTC = 0], n = 123; CTC‐positive [CTC ≥ 1], n = 221). Propensity score matching (PSM) strategy was adopted to offset differences between two groups. Results In the study cohort as a whole or in CTC‐negative cohort, there were no observable differences in overall survival (OS) or time to recurrence (TTR) between TACE and control group (P > .05). In CTC‐positive patients, PSM generated 64 patient pairs, and patients with adjuvant TACE had significantly better clinical outcomes (OS: not reached vs 36.4 months, P < .001; TTR: 45.8 vs 9.8 months, P < .001). Adjuvant TACE significantly reduced early recurrence (≤2 years) (64.1% vs 31.7%, P < .001) in CTC‐positive patients. Notably, adjuvant TACE influenced TTR and OS even in subgroups of CTC‐positive patients with low risk of recurrence according to traditional evaluation. Conclusions Preoperative CTC status could serve as an indicator for the administration of adjuvant TACE in HCC patients. Adjuvant TACE benefits CTC‐positive HCC patients mainly by reducing early recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Qian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Feng Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu-Dong Qu
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Ahadian S, Amirifar L, Akbari J, Goudie MJ, Lee K, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic-Based Approaches in Targeted Cell/Particle Separation Based on Physical Properties: Fundamentals and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000171. [PMID: 32529791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is a key step in many biomedical research areas including biotechnology, cancer research, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While conventional cell sorting approaches have led to high-efficiency sorting by exploiting the cell's specific properties, microfluidics has shown great promise in cell separation by exploiting different physical principles and using different properties of the cells. In particular, label-free cell separation techniques are highly recommended to minimize cell damage and avoid costly and labor-intensive steps of labeling molecular signatures of cells. In general, microfluidic-based cell sorting approaches can separate cells using "intrinsic" (e.g., fluid dynamic forces) versus "extrinsic" external forces (e.g., magnetic, electric field, etc.) and by using different properties of cells including size, density, deformability, shape, as well as electrical, magnetic, and compressibility/acoustic properties to select target cells from a heterogeneous cell population. In this work, principles and applications of the most commonly used label-free microfluidic-based cell separation methods are described. In particular, applications of microfluidic methods for the separation of circulating tumor cells, blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, and other biological cells are summarized. Computational approaches complementing such microfluidic methods are also explained. Finally, challenges and perspectives to further develop microfluidic-based cell separation methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Leyla Amirifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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49
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Li G, Wang Y, Tan G, Liu Y, Xu Z, Feng H, Xing W, Xu Z. [Preliminary Study on Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer by EGFR/Vimentin/Folic Acid Magnetic Sphere]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:351-359. [PMID: 32336066 PMCID: PMC7260381 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.103.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
背景与目的 循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cell, CTC)在肺癌的筛查及预后方面发挥着重要的作用, 但较低的CTC分离效率和特异性对其临床应用有着明显的制约, 本研究旨在探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者CTC的新型高效分离方法, 以期达到对NSCLC的早期诊断的目的。 方法 采用薄膜法制备表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和叶酸(folic acid, FA)三种免疫脂质磁球, 表征后通过细胞系进行分选方案的探索, 构建对NSCLC CTC的最优分选方案, 初步研究了其在临床上的应用价值。 结果 EGFR、Vimentin和FA磁球磁球单独和联合使用对肺癌细胞株的平均捕获效率分别为78.0%、79.0%、82.0%和91.0%;在60例肺癌患者中, 以每7.5 mL血液2个CTC为cutoff值, EGFR、Vimentin、FA磁球单独和联合使用阳性率分别为65.0%、33.3%、93.3%和100.0%, 同时发现联合使用三种磁球检出的CTC数量与临床分期具有相关性(P < 0.05)。 结论 联合使用三种磁球可以分离EGFR+、Vimentin+和FA+表达且形态完整的CTC, 有利于的CTC相关下游分析, 本研究提供了一种提高NSCLC CTC捕获效率的新方法, 且验证了捕获的CTC计数方法可用于肺癌的辅助诊断。
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Li
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Guoliang Tan
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Hao Feng
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Wei Xing
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- The First Surgery Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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50
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Iyer A, Gupta K, Sharma S, Hari K, Lee YF, Ramalingam N, Yap YS, West J, Bhagat AA, Subramani BV, Sabuwala B, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Jolly MK, Ramalingam N, Sengupta D. Integrative Analysis and Machine Learning based Characterization of Single Circulating Tumor Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041206. [PMID: 32331451 PMCID: PMC7230872 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We collated publicly available single-cell expression profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and showed that CTCs across cancers lie on a near-perfect continuum of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Integrative analysis of CTC transcriptomes also highlighted the inverse gene expression pattern between PD-L1 and MHC, which is implicated in cancer immunotherapy. We used the CTCs expression profiles in tandem with publicly available peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptomes to train a classifier that accurately recognizes CTCs of diverse phenotype. Further, we used this classifier to validate circulating breast tumor cells captured using a newly developed microfluidic system for label-free enrichment of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Iyer
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India;
| | - Krishan Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Shreya Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.H.); (M.K.J.)
| | - Yi Fang Lee
- Biolidics Limited, 81 Science Park Drive, 02-03 The Chadwick, Singapore 118257, Singapore; (Y.F.L.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Neevan Ramalingam
- Qualcomm Incorporated, 5775 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Jay West
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Ali Asgar Bhagat
- Biolidics Limited, 81 Science Park Drive, 02-03 The Chadwick, Singapore 118257, Singapore; (Y.F.L.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Balaram Vishnu Subramani
- School of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India;
| | - Burhanuddin Sabuwala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health; Guangdong laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China;
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.H.); (M.K.J.)
| | - Naveen Ramalingam
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.S.); Tel.: +91-11-26907446 (D.S.)
| | - Debarka Sengupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.S.); Tel.: +91-11-26907446 (D.S.)
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