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Cheng X, Meng X, Chen R, Song Z, Li S, Wei S, Lv H, Zhang S, Tang H, Jiang Y, Zhang R. The molecular subtypes of autoimmune diseases. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1348-1363. [PMID: 38596313 PMCID: PMC11001648 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by their complexity and a wide range of clinical differences. Despite patients presenting with similar symptoms and disease patterns, their reactions to treatments may vary. The current approach of personalized medicine, which relies on molecular data, is seen as an effective method to address the variability in these diseases. This review examined the pathologic classification of ADs, such as multiple sclerosis and lupus nephritis, over time. Acknowledging the limitations inherent in pathologic classification, the focus shifted to molecular classification to achieve a deeper insight into disease heterogeneity. The study outlined the established methods and findings from the molecular classification of ADs, categorizing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) into four subtypes, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into two, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) into three, and multiple sclerosis (MS) into a single subtype. It was observed that the high inflammation subtype of IBD, the RA inflammation subtype, and the MS "inflammation & EGF" subtype share similarities. These subtypes all display a consistent pattern of inflammation that is primarily driven by the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, with the effective drugs being those that target this signaling pathway. Additionally, by identifying markers that are uniquely associated with the various subtypes within the same disease, the study was able to describe the differences between subtypes in detail. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of personalized treatment plans for patients and establish a strong basis for tailored approaches to treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zerun Song
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Wang Y, Chu Y, Dai H, Zheng Y, Chen R, Zhou C, Zhong Y, Zhan C, Luo J. Protective role of pretreatment with Anisodamine against sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112133. [PMID: 38652962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing tendency for sepsis patients to suffer from diaphragm atrophy as well as mortality. Therefore, reducing diaphragm atrophy could benefit sepsis patients' prognoses. Studies have shown that Anisodamine (Anis) can exert antioxidant effects when blows occur. However, the role of Anisodamine in diaphragm atrophy in sepsis patients has not been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant effect of Anisodamine in sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy and its mechanism. We used cecal ligation aspiration (CLP) to establish a mouse septic mode and stimulated the C2C12 myotube model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After treatment with Anisodamine, we measured the mice's bodyweight, diaphragm weight, fiber cross-sectional area and the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the diaphragm were detected using the oxidative stress kit. The expression of MuRF1, Atrogin1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway components in the diaphragm and C2C12 myotubes was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in C2C12 myotubes was measured by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, we also measured the levels of Drp1 and Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) in vivo and in vitro by Western blot. Our study revealed that Anisodamine alleviated the reduction in diaphragmatic mass and the loss of diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area and attenuated the atrophy of the C2C12 myotubes by inhibiting the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. In addition, we observed that Anisodamine inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and protects mitochondrial function. In conclusion, Anisodamine alleviates sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkai Dai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Chai HC, Mahendran R, Ong KC, Chua KH. Revisiting the gene mutations and protein profile of WT 9-12: An autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cell line. Genes Cells 2024. [PMID: 38782708 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
WT 9-12 is one of the cell lines commonly used for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) studies. Previous studies had described the PKD gene mutations and polycystin expression in WT 9-12. Nonetheless, the mutations occurring in other ADPKD-associated genes have not been investigated. This study aims to revisit these mutations and protein profile of WT 9-12. Whole genome sequencing verified the presence of truncation mutation at amino acid 2556 (Q2556X) in PKD1 gene of WT 9-12. Besides, those variations with high impacts included single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8054182, rs117006360, and rs12925771) and insertions and deletions (InDels) (rs145602984 and rs55980345) in PKD1L2; InDel (rs1296698195) in PKD1L3; and copy number variations in GANAB. Protein profiles generated from the total proteins of WT 9-12 and HK-2 cells were compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. Polycystin-1 was absent in WT 9-12. The gene ontology enrichment and reactome pathway analyses revealed that the upregulated and downregulated proteins of WT 9-12 relative to HK-2 cell line leaded to signaling pathways related to immune response and amino acid metabolism, respectively. The ADPKD-related mutations and signaling pathways associated with differentially expressed proteins in WT 9-12 may help researchers in cell line selection for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Chia Chai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhubaniya Mahendran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sobierajski T, Małolepsza J, Pichlakb M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. The impact of E3 ligase choice on PROTAC effectiveness in protein kinase degradation. Drug Discov Today 2024:104032. [PMID: 38789027 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs) provide a novel therapeutic approach that is revolutionizing drug discovery. The success of PROTACs largely depends on the combination of their three fragments: E3 ligase ligand, linker and protein of interest (POI)-targeting ligand. We summarize the pivotal significance of the precise combination of the E3 ligase ligand with the POI-recruiting warhead, which is crucial for the successful execution of cellular processes and achieving the desired outcomes. Therefore, the key to selection was the use of at least two ligands recruiting two different ligases. This approach enables a direct comparison of the impacts of the specific ligases on target degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sobierajski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Małolepsza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Pichlakb
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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Yoshida S, Miyata M, Suzuki E, Kanno T, Sumichika Y, Saito K, Matsumoto H, Temmoku J, Fujita Y, Matsuoka N, Asano T, Sato S, Migita K. Incidence Rates of Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Janus Kinase or Interleukin-6 Inhibitors: Results of a Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3000. [PMID: 38792541 PMCID: PMC11122599 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence rates (IRs) of infections, including herpes zoster (HZ), in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) or interleukin-6 inhibitors (IL-6is). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 444 RA patients treated using IL-6is (n = 283) or JAKis (n = 161). After adjusting for clinical characteristic imbalances by propensity score matching (PSM), we compared the IRs of infections including HZ between the JAKi and IL-6i groups. Results: Observational period: 1423.93 patient years (PY); median observational period: 2.51 years. After PSM, incidence rate ratios comparing JAKi with IL-6i were 3.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-9.04) for serious infections other than HZ indicating that the JAKi-treated group was more likely to develop serious infection than the IL-6i-treated group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the use of prednisolone > 5.0 mg/day, coexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were independent risk factors for serious infections. The crude IR for HZ was significantly higher in the JAKi group, but the difference between groups was not significant (IRR: 2.83, 95% CI: 0.87-10.96) in PSM analysis. Unadjusted and PSM analyses performed in our study showed increased IRs of serious infections in patients with RA treated with JAKis compared with those treated with IL-6is. Conclusions: The presence of ILD or DM and the use of prednisolone were found to be independent risk factors for serious infection in RA patients treated using JAKis. Whereas the IRs for HZ after PSM were not significantly different between the JAKi and IL-6i groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Masayuki Miyata
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Yashima 7-7, Fukushima 960-8136, Japan;
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Koriyama 963-8558, Japan; (E.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Koriyama 963-8558, Japan; (E.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuya Sumichika
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Haruki Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (T.A.); (S.S.)
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Lv Y, Mi P, Babon JJ, Fan G, Qi J, Cao L, Lang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Kobe B. Small molecule drug discovery targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107217. [PMID: 38777110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway functions as a central hub for transmitting signals from more than 50 cytokines, playing a pivotal role in maintaining hematopoiesis, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, autoimmune conditions, hematological disorders, and certain cancers. Proteins within this pathway have emerged as effective therapeutic targets for managing these conditions, with various approaches developed to modulate key nodes in the signaling process, spanning from receptor engagement to transcription factor activation. Following the success of JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib for RA treatment and ruxolitinib for managing primary myelofibrosis, the pharmaceutical industry has obtained approvals for over 10 small molecule drugs targeting the JAK-STAT pathway and many more are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate key strategies employed in drug discovery efforts targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the collective understanding of small molecule interventions in the context of JAK-STAT signaling. We aspire that our endeavors will contribute to advancing the development of innovative and efficacious treatments for a range of diseases linked to this pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Abe Y, Sano T, Otsuka N, Ogawa M, Tanaka N. PRMT5-mediated methylation of STAT3 is required for lung cancer stem cell maintenance and tumour growth. Commun Biol 2024; 7:593. [PMID: 38760429 PMCID: PMC11101626 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancer types, including lung cancer, and can induce cancer cell proliferation and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. STAT3 is activated by tyrosine kinases, such as JAK and SRC, but the mechanism by which STAT3 maintains its activated state in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we show that PRMT5 directly methylates STAT3 and enhances its activated tyrosine phosphorylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PRMT5 expression is also induced by STAT3, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop in cancer cells. Furthermore, methylation of STAT3 at arginine 609 by PRMT5 is important for its transcriptional activity and support of tumour growth and CSC maintenance. Indeed, NSCLC cells expressing the STAT3 mutant which R609 was replaced to alanine (R609K) show significantly impaired tumour growth in nude mice. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism by which STAT3 remains activated in NSCLC and provides a new target for cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Abe
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Sano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Otsuka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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Rafic E, Ma C, Shih BB, Miller H, Yuste R, Palomero T, Etchenique R. RuBi-Ruxolitinib: A Photoreleasable Antitumor JAK Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13317-13325. [PMID: 38700457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological testing of ruthenium-bipyridine ruxolitinib (RuBiRuxo), a photoreleasable form of ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor used as an antitumoral agent in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). This novel caged compound is synthesized efficiently, is stable in aqueous solution at room temperature, and is photoreleased rapidly by visible light. Irradiation of RuBiRuxo reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a light- and time-dependent manner in a CTCL cell line. This effect is specific and is mediated by a decreased phosphorylation of STAT proteins. Our results demonstrate the potential of ruthenium-based photocompounds and light-based therapeutic approaches for the potential treatment of cutaneous lymphomas and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Rafic
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Cindy Ma
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Bobby B Shih
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hannah Miller
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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Hong H, Wang Y, Menard M, Buckley J, Zhou L, Volpicelli-Daley L, Standaert D, Qin H, Benveniste E. Suppression of the JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibits Neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4307273. [PMID: 38766241 PMCID: PMC11100885 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4307273/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accumulation of a-synuclein (a-Syn) into insoluble aggregates called Lewy pathology. The Line 61 a-Syn mouse is an established preclinical model of PD; Thy-1 is used to promote human a-Syn expression, and features of sporadic PD develop at 9-18 months of age. To accelerate the PD phenotypes, we injected sonicated human a-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, which produced phospho-Syn (p-a-Syn) inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and significantly increased MHC Class II-positive immune cells. Additionally, there was enhanced infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the midbrain. We then used this new model, Line 61-PFF, to investigate the effect of inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is critical for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. After administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480, immunofluorescence staining showed a significant decrease in p-a-Syn inclusions and MHC Class II expression. Flow cytometry showed reduced infiltration of CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD19+ B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and endogenous microglia into the midbrain. Importantly, single-cell RNA-Sequencing analysis of CD45+ cells from the midbrain identified 9 microglia clusters, 5 monocyte/macrophage (MM) clusters, and 5 T-cell (T) clusters, in which potentially pathogenic MM4 and T3 clusters were associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Line 61-PFF mice. AZD1480 treatment reduced cell numbers and cluster-specific expression of the antigen-presentation genes H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74 in the MM4 cluster and proinflammatory genes such as Tnf, Il1b, C1qa, and C1qc in the T3 cluster. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway suppresses the activation and infiltration of innate and adaptive cells, reducing neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF mouse model.
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Su L, Yang R, Sheng Y, Ullah S, Zhao Y, Shunjiayi H, Zhao Z, Wang Q. Insights into the oral microbiota in human systemic cancers. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369834. [PMID: 38756728 PMCID: PMC11098135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse oral microorganisms on the emergence and progression of various systemic cancers, typified by oral cancer, has garnered increasing attention. The potential pathogenicity of oral bacteria, notably the anaerobic Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, has been extensively studied and exhibits obvious correlation with different carcinoma types. Furthermore, oral fungi and viruses are closely linked to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Multiple potential mechanisms of oral microbiota-induced carcinogenesis have been investigated, including heightened inflammatory responses, suppression of the host immune system, influence on the tumor microenvironment, anti-apoptotic activity, and promotion of malignant transformation. The disturbance of microbial equilibrium and the migration of oral microbiota play a pivotal role in facilitating oncogenic functions. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenic mechanisms by which oral microbiota participate in carcinogenesis. Additionally, this review delves into their potential applications in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. It proves to be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the intricate connection between oral microbiota and systemic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Su
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Microbiology School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Shunjiayi
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Bozorgmehr N, Syed H, Mashhouri S, Walker J, Elahi S. Transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood cells in HPV-associated carcinoma patients receiving combined valproic acid and avelumab. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1209-1230. [PMID: 37681284 PMCID: PMC11077001 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer continues to evade the immune system by promoting a suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach for targeting HPV-associated tumors. We hypothesized that valproic acid (VA) as an epigenetic agent combined with avelumab may enhance the antitumor immunity in HPV-associated solid tumors. We performed bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of seven nonresponders (NRs) and four responders (Rs). A total of 39 samples (e.g., pretreatment, post-VA, postavelumab, and endpoint) were analyzed. Also, we quantified plasma analytes and performed flow cytometry. We observed a differential pattern in immune response following treatment with VA and/or avelumab in NRs vs. Rs. A significant upregulation of transcripts associated with NETosis [the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)] and neutrophil degranulation pathways was linked to the presence of a myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature in NRs. We noted the elevation of IL-8/IL-18 cytokines and a distinct transcriptome signature at the baseline and endpoint in NRs. By using the receiver operator characteristics, we identified a cutoff value for the plasma IL-8/IL-18 to discriminate NRs from Rs. We found differential therapeutic effects for VA and avelumab in NRs vs. Rs. Thus, our results imply that measuring the plasma IL-8/IL-18 and bulk RNA-Seq of PBMCs may serve as valuable biomarkers to predict immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Hussain Syed
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Siavash Mashhouri
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - John Walker
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Faculty of Medicine and DentistryLi Ka Shing Institute of VirologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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Li D, Wang J, Tuo Z, Yoo KH, Yu Q, Miyamoto A, Zhang C, Ye X, Wei W, Wu R, Feng D. Natural products and derivatives in renal, urothelial and testicular cancers: Targeting signaling pathways and therapeutic potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155503. [PMID: 38490077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have demonstrated significant potential in cancer drug discovery, particularly in renal cancer (RCa), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and testicular cancer (TC). PURPOSE This review aims to examine the effects of natural products on RCa, UC and TC. STUDY DESIGN systematic review METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases were retrieved to search studies about the effects of natural products and derivatives on these cancers. Relevant publications in the reference list of enrolled studies were also checked. RESULTS This review highlighted their diverse impacts on key aspects such as cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, therapy response, and the immune microenvironment. Natural products not only hold promise for novel drug development but also enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Importantly, we exert their effects through modulation of critical pathways and target genes, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, NF-κB pathway, STAT pathway and MAPK pathway, among others in RCa, UC, and TC. CONCLUSION These mechanistic insights provide valuable guidance for researchers, facilitating the selection of promising natural products for cancer management and offering potential avenues for further gene regulation studies in the context of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
| | - Qingxin Yu
- Department of pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Akira Miyamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, West Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Xing Ye
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
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Furtunescu AR, Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Matei C. Inhibition of the JAK-STAT Pathway in the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4681. [PMID: 38731900 PMCID: PMC11083046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a highly prevalent dermatological disease associated with an increased systemic inflammatory response. In addition, joint involvement is also present in around 20% of patients. Therefore, treatment modalities used in this condition should be simultaneously effective at improving skin manifestations, reducing inflammation, and addressing psoriatic arthritis when present. Twenty years ago, the introduction of biologic treatments for psoriasis was a turning point in the management of this condition, offering an effective and reasonably safe option for patients whose disease could not be adequately controlled with conventional therapies. At the moment, Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are a new class of promising molecules in the management of psoriasis. They are orally administered and can show benefits in patients who failed biologic therapy. We conducted a scoping review in order to identify randomized-controlled trials that investigated different JAKis in patients with plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, with an emphasis on molecules that have been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. The added value of this study is that it collected information about JAKis approved for two different indications, plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, in order to provide an integrated understanding of the range of effects that JAKis have on the whole spectrum of psoriasis manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Roxana Furtunescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Ai JY, Liu CF, Zhang W, Rao GW. Current status of drugs targeting PDGF/PDGFR. Drug Discov Today 2024:103989. [PMID: 38663580 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
As an important proangiogenic factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, fibrosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. At present, a variety of PDGF/PDGFR targeted drugs with potential therapeutic effects have been developed, mainly including PDGF agonists, inhibitors targeting PDGFR and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs). This review clarifies the structure, biological function and disease correlation of PDGF and PDGFR, and it discusses the current status of PDGFR-targeted drugs, so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Ai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zeng H, Zhuang Y, Yan X, He X, Qiu Q, Liu W, Zhang Y. Machine learning-based identification of novel hub genes associated with oxidative stress in lupus nephritis: implications for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001126. [PMID: 38637124 PMCID: PMC11029281 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complication of SLE characterised by immune dysfunction and oxidative stress (OS). Limited options exist for LN. We aimed to identify LN-related OS, highlighting the need for non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. METHODS LN-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE32591, GSE112943 and GSE104948) and Molecular Signatures Database for OS-associated DEGs (OSEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed for OSEGs related to LN. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified hub genes related to OS-LN. These hub OSEGs were refined as biomarker candidates via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The predictive value was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomogram for LN prognosis. We evaluated LN immune cell infiltration using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis explored the functional enrichment of hub OSEGs in LN. RESULTS The study identified four hub genes, namely STAT1, PRODH, TXN2 and SETX, associated with OS related to LN. These genes were validated for their diagnostic potential, and their involvement in LN pathogenesis was elucidated through ROC and nomogram. Additionally, alterations in immune cell composition in LN correlated with hub OSEG expression were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that the hub gene is most correlated with activated B cells and CD8 T cells. Finally, we uncovered that the enriched pathways of OSEGs were mainly involved in the PI3K-Akt pathway and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the complex interplay between OS, immune dysregulation and molecular pathways in LN, laying a foundation for the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Fu Xin Community Health Service Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianwen Qiu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Lee BJ. Improved survival outcomes with anakinra over etoposide-based therapies for the management of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective multicenter research network study. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241245517. [PMID: 38633898 PMCID: PMC11022673 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241245517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening, hyperinflammatory syndrome for which etoposide-based regimens have historically been the standard of care. Recent reports have described positive outcomes with the utilization of ruxolitinib or anakinra although these studies are often limited to small samples. Objectives We aimed to compare the efficacy of ruxolitinib, anakinra, and etoposide-based therapies for the management of HLH in adult patients. Design We performed a population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX Networks database. Methods Adult patients (⩾18 years) diagnosed with HLH who received first-line treatment with ruxolitinib, anakinra, or etoposide between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) at 1 year. A 1:1 propensity-score matching analysis was utilized. Results Anakinra (p = 0.020) but not ruxolitinib (p = 0.19) resulted in a significantly higher 1-year OS when compared with etoposide-based therapies. Conclusions Anakinra is effective for the management of adult patients with HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Health, 101 The City Drive South, Building 23, Room 275, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Koh JY, Kim DR, Son S, Park H, Kim KR, Min S, Lee HS, Jhun BW, Kang ES, Jung I, Kang JM, Kim YJ, Shin EC. Ruxolitinib Improves Immune-Dysregulation Features but not Epigenetic Abnormality in a Patient with STAT1 GOF. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:84. [PMID: 38578320 PMCID: PMC10997693 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations often exhibit autoimmune features. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib can be administered to alleviate autoimmune symptoms; however, it is unclear how immune cells are molecularly changed by ruxolitinib treatment. Then, we aimed to investigate the trnscriptional and epigenetic status of immune cells before and after ruxolitinib treatment in a patient with STAT1 GOF. METHODS A patient with a heterozygous STAT1 GOF variant (p.Ala267Val), exhibiting autoimmune features, was treated with ruxolitinib, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were longitudinally collected. PBMCs were transcriptionally analyzed by single-cell cellular indexing of the transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), and epigenetically analyzed by assay of transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq). RESULTS CITE-seq analysis revealed that before treatment, the patient's PBMCs exhibited aberrantly activated inflammatory features, especially IFN-related features. In particular, monocytes showed high expression levels of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Ruxolitinib treatment substantially downregulated aberrantly overexpressed ISGs, and improved autoimmune features. However, epigenetic analysis demonstrated that genetic regions of ISGs-e.g., STAT1, IRF1, MX1, and OAS1-were highly accessible even after ruxolitinib treatment. When ruxolitinib was temporarily discontinued, the patient's autoimmune features were aggravated, which is in line with sustained epigenetic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS In a patient with STAT1 GOF, ruxolitinib treatment improved autoimmune features and downregulated aberrantly overexpressed ISGs, but did not correct epigenetic abnormality of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ri Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, 51472, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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Raghav A, Jeong GB. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 38607076 PMCID: PMC11011524 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite world-class sophisticated technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches, cancer-associated mortalities and morbidities have shown continuous increments posing a healthcare burden. Drug-based interventions were associated with systemic toxicities and several limitations. Natural bioactive compounds derived nanoformulations, especially nanoquercetin (nQ), are alternative options to overcome drug-associated limitations. Moreover, the EVs-based cargo targeted delivery of nQ can have enormous potential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EVs-based nQ delivery synergistically regulates and dysregulates several pathways, including NF-κB, p53, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT, along with PBX3/ERK1/2/CDK2, and miRNAs intonation. Furthermore, discoveries on possible checkpoints of anticancer signaling pathways were studied, which might lead to the development of modified EVs infused with nQ for the development of innovative treatments for HCC. In this work, we abridged the control of such signaling systems using a synergetic strategy with EVs and nQ. The governing roles of extracellular vesicles controlling the expression of miRNAs were investigated, particularly in relation to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goo Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Getbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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Xiang M, Li H, Zhan Y, Ma D, Gao Q, Fang Y. Functional CRISPR screens in T cells reveal new opportunities for cancer immunotherapies. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:73. [PMID: 38581063 PMCID: PMC10996278 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are fundamental components in tumour immunity and cancer immunotherapies, which have made immense strides and revolutionized cancer treatment paradigm. However, recent studies delineate the predicament of T cell dysregulation in tumour microenvironment and the compromised efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. CRISPR screens enable unbiased interrogation of gene function in T cells and have revealed functional determinators, genetic regulatory networks, and intercellular interactions in T cell life cycle, thereby providing opportunities to revamp cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we briefly described the central roles of T cells in successful cancer immunotherapies, comprehensively summarised the studies of CRISPR screens in T cells, elaborated resultant master genes that control T cell activation, proliferation, fate determination, effector function, and exhaustion, and highlighted genes (BATF, PRDM1, and TOX) and signalling cascades (JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways) that extensively engage in multiple branches of T cell responses. In conclusion, this review bridged the gap between discovering element genes to a specific process of T cell activities and apprehending these genes in the global T cell life cycle, deepened the understanding of T cell biology in tumour immunity, and outlined CRISPR screens resources that might facilitate the development and implementation of cancer immunotherapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Šimičić P, Batović M, Stojanović Marković A, Židovec-Lepej S. Deciphering the Role of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective. Viruses 2024; 16:564. [PMID: 38675906 PMCID: PMC11054855 DOI: 10.3390/v16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of antiviral sensors and the evasion of immune defences by various tactics are hallmarks of EBV infection. One of the EBV latent gene products, LMP1, was shown to induce the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, p38), JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, via three subdomains of its C-terminal domain, regulating the expression of several cytokines responsible for modulation of the immune response and therefore promoting viral persistence. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the EBV-mediated induction of immunomodulatory molecules by the activation of signal transduction pathways with a particular focus on LMP1-mediated mechanisms. A more detailed understanding of the cytokine biology molecular landscape in EBV infections could contribute to the more complete understanding of diseases associated with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šimičić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Margarita Batović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anita Stojanović Marković
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Židovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Yu Y, Chen S, Zhang H, Duan Y, Li Z, Jiang L, Cao W, Peng Q, Chen X. A panel of janus kinase inhibitors identified with anti-inflammatory effects protect mice from lethal influenza virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0135023. [PMID: 38470034 PMCID: PMC10989010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01350-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a significant threat to public health. In severe cases, excessive inflammation can lead to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. While antivirals can be effective if administered early, current anti-inflammatory drugs have limited success in treating severe cases. Therefore, discovering new anti-inflammatory agents to inhibit influenza-related inflammatory diseases is crucial. Herein, we screened a drug library with known targets using a human monocyte U937 infected with the influenza virus to identify novel anti-inflammatory agents. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the hit compounds in an influenza mouse model. Our research revealed that JAK inhibitors exhibited a higher hit rate and more potent inhibition effect than inhibitors targeting other drug targets in vitro. Of the 22 JAK inhibitors tested, 15 exhibited robust anti-inflammatory activity against influenza virus infection in vitro. Subsequently, we evaluated the efficacy of 10 JAK inhibitors using an influenza mouse model and observed that seven provided protection ranging from 40% to 70% against lethal influenza virus infection. We selected oclacitinib as a representative compound for an extensive study to further investigate the in vivo therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors for severe influenza-associated inflammation. Our results revealed that oclacitinib effectively suppressed neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and ultimately mitigated lung injury in mice infected with lethal influenza virus without impacting viral titer. These findings suggest that JAK inhibitors can modulate immune responses to influenza virus infection and may serve as potential treatments for influenza.IMPORTANCEAntivirals exhibit limited efficacy in treating severe influenza when not administered promptly during the infection. Current steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs demonstrate restricted effectiveness against severe influenza or are associated with significant side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel anti-inflammatory agents that possess high potency and minimal adverse reactions. In this study, 15 JAK inhibitors were identified through a screening process based on their anti-inflammatory activity against influenza virus infection in vitro. Remarkably, 7 of the 10 selected inhibitors exhibited protective effects against lethal influenza virus infection in mice, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic value of JAK inhibitors for treating influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuogang Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lefang Jiang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Peng
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Luo F, Zhang Y, Wang P. Tofacitinib for the treatment of severe rare skin diseases: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:481-492. [PMID: 38231227 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoimmune bullous diseases, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitis represent a group of severe rare skin diseases. While glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents serve as standard treatments for these diseases, their efficacy is limited due to adverse side effects, indicating the need for alternative approaches. Biologics have been used in the management of some rare skin diseases. However, the use of biologics is associated with concerns, such as infection risk and high costs, prompting the quest for efficacious and cost-effective alternatives. This study discusses the safety issues associated with tofacitinib and its potential in treating rare skin diseases. METHODS This narrative review focuses on the pharmacodynamic properties of tofacitinib and its impact on the JAK/STAT pathway. In addition, we present a comprehensive discussion of the effects and mechanism of action of tofacitinib for each severe rare skin disease. RESULTS This role of tofacitinib in treating severe rare skin diseases has been discussed, shedding light on its promising prospects as a treatment modality. Few reports of serious adverse events are available in patients treated with tofacitinib. CONCLUSION We explored the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety considerations of tofacitinib and found that it can be used as a treatment option for rare skin diseases. However, multicenter clinical studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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24
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Lin S, Wang X, Sallapalli BT, Hage A, Chang P, He J, Best SM, Zhang Y. Langat virus inhibits the gp130/JAK/STAT signaling by reducing the gp130 protein level. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29522. [PMID: 38533889 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex includes several medically important flavivirus members endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America, which can induce severe neuroinvasive or viscerotropic diseases with unclear mechanisms of pathogenesis. Langat virus (LGTV) shares a high sequence identity with TBEV but exhibits lower pathogenic potential in humans and serves as a model for virus-host interactions. In this study, we demonstrated that LGTV infection inhibits the activation of gp130/JAK/STAT (Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)) signaling, which plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes. Our data show that the LGTV-infected cells had significantly lower phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein upon oncostatin M (OSM) stimulation than the mock-infected control. LGTV infection blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 without a significant effect on total STAT3 protein level. LGTV inhibited JAK1 activation and reduced gp130 protein expression in infected cells, with the viral NS5 protein mediating this effect. TBEV infection also reduces gp130 level. On the other hand, pretreatment of Vero cells with OSM significantly reduces LGTV replication, and STAT1/STAT2 knockdown had little effect on OSM-mediated antiviral effect, which suggests it is independent of STAT1/STAT2 and, instead, it is potentially mediated by STAT3 signlaing. These findings shed light on the LGTV and TBEV-cell interactions, offering insights for the future development of antiviral therapeutics and improved vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bhargava Teja Sallapalli
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Adam Hage
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Peixi Chang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jia He
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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25
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Zhou Y, Chen L, Zheng X, Fang Q, Qian Y, Xu T, Liang J, Zhang H, Han X, Sun L. Microglia orchestrate synaptic and neuronal stripping: Implication in neuropsychiatric lupus. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18190. [PMID: 38494844 PMCID: PMC10945089 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multifactorial autoimmune disease, can affect the brain and cause neuropsychiatric dysfunction, also named neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Microglial activation is observed in NPSLE patients. However, the mechanisms regulating microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in NPSLE remain elusive. Here, we showed that M1-like proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SLE patients, especially those with neuropsychiatric symptoms. We also demonstrated that MRL/lpr lupus mice developed anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in the early and active phases of lupus, respectively. An increase in microglial number was associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the MRL/lpr mouse brain. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with phagocytosis and M1 polarization were upregulated in microglia from lupus mice. Functionally, activated microglia induced synaptic stripping in vivo and promoted neuronal death in vitro. Finally, tofacitinib ameliorated neuropsychiatric disorders in MRL/lpr mice, as evidenced by reductions in microglial number and synaptic/neuronal loss and alleviation of behavioural abnormalities. Thus, our results indicated that classically activated (M1) microglia play a crucial role in NPSLE pathogenesis. Minocycline and tofacitinib were found to alleviate NPSLE by inhibiting micrglial activation, providing a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- School of PharmacyMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Qijun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- School of PharmacyMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
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26
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Neri B, Mancone R, Fiorillo M, Schiavone SC, De Cristofaro E, Migliozzi S, Biancone L. Comprehensive overview of novel chemical drugs for ulcerative colitis: focusing on phase 3 and beyond. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:485-499. [PMID: 38591242 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2339926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the growing number of highly efficacious biologics and chemical drugs for ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid-free disease control is still difficult to achieve in subgroups of patients due to refractoriness, adverse events, primary or secondary failure. New treatments are therefore still required in order to optimize clinical management of patients with UC. AREAS COVERED The efficacy and safety of both currently available and newly developed small molecules have been summarized. The PubMed database and clinicaltrials.gov were considered in order to search for phase 2b and 3 trials on new chemical drugs for UC. The study drugs reviewed included Janus kinases (JAK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1Pr) inhibitors, α4 integrin antagonist, and micro-RNA-124 upregulators. EXPERT OPINION Rapidity of onset, low immunogenicity, and safety are the main characteristics of small molecules currently available or under evaluation for treatment patients with UC. Among the currently available chemical drugs, the selective JAK and the S1Pr inhibitors are characterized by a good safety profile combined with the ability to induce clinical remission in UC. A relatively low frequency of endoscopic improvement and healing currently appears associated with their use, being higher in UC patients treated with S1Pr inhibitor Etrasimod. Overall, additional new safe and effective drugs are still required in order to optimize disease control in a larger majority of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Neri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Mancone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasofia Fiorillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Concetta Schiavone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Cristofaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Migliozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Biancone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterological Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy
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27
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Ageeva T, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. NF-κB and JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways as Crucial Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Astrocyte Modulation in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2024; 13:581. [PMID: 38607020 PMCID: PMC11011519 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant functional impairments below the level of the injury, and astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Astrocytes undergo changes and form a glial scar after SCI, which has traditionally been viewed as a barrier to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Astrocytes activate intracellular signaling pathways, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), in response to external stimuli. NF-κB and STAT3 are transcription factors that play a pivotal role in initiating gene expression related to astrogliosis. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for managing secondary damage and facilitating recovery processes post-SCI: inflammation, glial scar formation, and astrocyte survival. NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors by astrocytes. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways are interconnected: NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which interacts with the IL-6 receptor and initiates STAT3 activation. By modulating astrocyte responses, these pathways offer promising avenues for enhancing recovery outcomes, illustrating the crucial need for further investigation into their mechanisms and therapeutic applications in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ageeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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28
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Zhou B, Guo M, Li X, Duan T, Peng L, Hao H. Clinicopathological and molecular genetic alterations in monomorphic-epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma of the small intestine. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:191. [PMID: 38520011 PMCID: PMC10960389 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal monomorphic-epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare aggressive T-cell lymphoma originating in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and molecular genetic changes of MEITL. METHODS The clinicopathological data for three patients with surgically resected MEITL of the small intestine were collected. Next, immunohistochemical labeling, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization, assessment of clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. RESULTS Of the three patients, two were male and one was female, with ages of 61, 67, and 73 years, respectively. Clinical manifestations were predominantly abdominal pain and distension. Histopathology revealed infiltrative growth of small-to-medium-sized lymphocytes with a consistent morphology between the intestinal walls, accompanied by an obvious pro-epithelial phenomenon. The expression of CD3, CD8, CD43, CD56, TIA-1, CD103, H3K36me3, and Bcl-2 was detected, and the Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 50% to 80%. All three patients tested negative for EBER. However, monoclonal rearrangement of the TCR gene was detected in them. NGS testing showed a JAK3 mutation in all three cases. Further, STAT5B, SETD2, and TP53 mutations were each observed in two cases, and a BCOR mutation was found in one case. All patients were treated with chemotherapy after surgery. Two patients died 7 and 15 month post-operation, and one patient survived for 5 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that mutations in JAK3 and STAT5B of the JAK/STAT pathway and inactivation of the oncogene SETD2 markedly contribute to the lymphomagenesis of MEITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 314408, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Hao
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Zhou D, Zheng L. Recent advances in cancer-associated fibroblast: Biomarkers, signaling pathways, and therapeutic opportunities. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:638-650. [PMID: 38420743 PMCID: PMC10950138 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Anti-cancer therapies usually focus on tumor cells, but non-tumor stromal components in the tumor microenvironment also play vital roles in tumor initiation and progression, which may be the prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the essential component in the tumor environment, exhibiting high heterogeneity in their cell origin and phenotype with diverse functions that influence tumor angiogenesis, immune systems, and metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing and genetically engineered mouse models have increased our understanding of CAF diversity, and many subtypes have been defined. However, the precise functions of these subtypes need to be studied and validated. Studies of signaling pathways and epigenetic changes in CAFs facilitate understanding of the phenotypes of CAFs and the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs to provide potential therapeutic targets. Some clinical trials, including phase III trials targeting CAFs, have been performed recently. However, few of these trials have generated promising results, which indicates that the complexity of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment remains largely unknown, and in-depth investigations of CAFs should be performed. This review summarizes the research on CAFs, focusing on the heterogeneity of their phenotypes and functions, specific signaling pathways, and the therapeutic strategies involving CAFs. Additionally, we briefly discuss the current technologies commonly used in CAF studies and describe the challenges and future perspectives of CAF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donger Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center for Clinical Research and Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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30
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Wang Z, Jin X, Zeng J, Xiong Z, Chen X. The application of JAK inhibitors in the peri-transplantation period of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05703-1. [PMID: 38494551 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with a poor prognosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only treatment with curative potential. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, has shown promising results in improving patients' symptoms, overall survival, and quality of life, and can be used as a bridging therapy to HSCT that increases the proportion of transplantable patients. However, the effect of this and similar drugs on HSCT outcomes is unknown, and the reports on their efficacy and safety in the peri-transplantation period vary widely in the published literature. This paper reviews clinical data related to the use of JAK inhibitors in the peri-implantation phase of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary myelofibrosis and discusses their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelian Jin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajia Zeng
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilin Xiong
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinchuan Chen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China.
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31
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Chen L, Tang Y, Lang JJ, Lin Y, Yu Z, Li X, Zheng X, Mi P, Lv Y, Lin YW. Design, synthesis and evaluation of C-5 substituted pyrrolopyridine derivatives as potent Janus Kinase 1 inhibitors with excellent selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116210. [PMID: 38359535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly selective Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitors is crucial for improving efficacy and minimizing adverse effects in the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases. In a prior study, we designed a series of C-5 4-pyrazol substituted pyrrolopyridine derivatives that demonstrated significant potency against JAK1, with a 10 ∼ 20-fold selectivity over Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). Building on this foundation, we adopted orthogonal strategy by modifying the C-5 position with 3-pyrazol/4-pyrazol/3-pyrrol groups and tail with substituted benzyl groups on the pyrrolopyridine head to enhance both potency and selectivity. In this endeavor, we have identified several compounds that exhibit excellent potency and selectivity for JAK1. Notably, compounds 12b and 12e, which combined 4-pyrazol group at C-5 site and meta-substituted benzyl tails, displayed IC50 value with 2.4/2.2 nM and high 352-/253-fold selectivity for JAK1 over JAK2 in enzyme assays. Additionally, both compounds showed good JAK1-selective in Ba/F3-TEL-JAK1/2 cell-based assays. These findings mark a substantial improvement, as these compounds are 10-fold more potent and over 10-fold more selective than the best compound identified in our previous study. The noteworthy potency and selectivity properties of compounds 12b and 12e suggest their potential utility in furthering the development of drugs for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yahua Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - You Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China.
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Almalki WH, Almujri SS. The dual roles of circRNAs in Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155132. [PMID: 38335783 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a complex pathophysiological condition, arises from the abnormal proliferation and survival of cells due to genetic mutations. Dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and genomic stability contribute to uncontrolled growth and metastasis. Tumor heterogeneity, microenvironmental influences, and immune evasion further complicate cancer dynamics. The intricate interplay between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and the Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway has emerged as a pivotal axis in the landscape of cancer biology. The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, a critical regulator of cell fate and proliferation, is frequently dysregulated in various cancers. CircRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs with closed-loop structures, have garnered increasing attention for their diverse regulatory functions. This review systematically explores the intricate crosstalk between circRNAs and the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, shedding light on their collective impact on cancer initiation and progression. The review explores the diverse mechanisms through which circRNAs modulate the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, including sponging microRNAs, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, and influencing the expression of key components in the pathway. Furthermore, the review highlights specific circRNAs implicated in various cancer types, elucidating their roles as either oncogenic or tumour-suppressive players in the context of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. The intricate regulatory networks formed by circRNAs in conjunction with the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway are discussed, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles of circRNAs in orchestrating tumorigenesis through their regulatory influence on the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
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Moysidou GS, Dara A. JAK Inhibition as a Potential Treatment Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2024; 35:37-44. [PMID: 38756931 PMCID: PMC11094445 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.231123.jia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a group of molecules responsible for signal transduction of multiple cytokines and growth factors in different cell types, involved in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Thus, the dysregulation of this pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases and is an attractive treatment target. JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) have been approved in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (SPA). In SLE, there is a plethora of ongoing trials evaluating their efficacy, with tofacitinib, baricitinib and deucravacitinib showing promising results, without major safety concerns. In this review, we will discuss the rationale of targeting JAKinibs in SLE and summarize the clinical data of efficacy and safety of JAKinibs in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Savina Moysidou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece; Inflammation and Autoimmunity Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Dara
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang Y, Guan Y, Wang S, Guan C, Liu X. Tripartite motif family - its role in tumor progression and therapy resistance: a review. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:102-114. [PMID: 38441046 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarized published articles on the role of tripartite motif (TRIM) family members in the initiation and development of human malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UP-S) plays a critical role in cellular activities, and UP-S dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. One of the key regulators of the UP-S is the tripartite motif TRIM protein family, most of which are active E3 ubiquitin ligases. TRIM proteins are critical for the biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Therefore, it is important to understand how TRIM proteins function at the molecular level in cancer cells. SUMMARY We provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview about the role TRIMs play in cancer progression and therapy resistance. We propose TRIM family members as potential new markers and targets to overcome therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Harbin Medical University (the Red Cross Center Hospital of Harbin)
| | - Ying Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Harbin Medical University (the Red Cross Center Hospital of Harbin)
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Harbin Medical University (the Red Cross Center Hospital of Harbin)
| | - Chunyan Guan
- Heilongjiang Armed Police Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Harbin Medical University (the Red Cross Center Hospital of Harbin)
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Gawish RA, Samy EM, Aziz MM. Ferulic acid protects against gamma-radiation induced liver injury via regulating JAK/STAT/Nrf2 pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109895. [PMID: 38244663 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of ferulic acid (FA) in alleviating the acute liver injury by ionizing radiation (IR) in vivo. Rats were divided into 4groups (Groups: control, 6Gy irradiated (IRR), FA (50 mg/kg) and FA + IRR). The results showed that FA can effectively inhibit liver damage and restore the structure and function of the liver. In mechanism, FA prevented IR-induced liver fibrosis and blocked the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to effectively inhibit the hepatic inflammatory response; and inhibited IR-induced oxidative stress (OS) by upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and promoting the synthesis of several antioxidants. Moreover, FA inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by stimulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11. FA reduced lipid peroxidation by downregulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and iron aggregation, thus inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating IR-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the current study suggests the potential complex mechanisms underlying the mitigating impact of FA in IR-induced ferroptotic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Gawish
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Samy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Aziz
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
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Zeng J, Lin Z, Tang J, Chen X, Huang K, Gan F. The role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON-induced aggravation of inflammatory response in IL-10 deficient RAW264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114557. [PMID: 38432439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) as a mycotoxin was commonly found in food and cereals which can affect immune function and inflammatory response. The majority of foods contain DON at levels below the official limit. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-cytotoxic concentration of DON on inflammation and its mechanisms using the IL-10 gene-silenced RAW264.7 cell model. The results showed that a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON at 25 ng/ml aggravated IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation, which was manifested by increasing IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression, migration and phagocytosis, decreasing IL-10 mRNA expression, and enhancing JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Adding JAK2 inhibitor AG490 attenuated the aggravating effect of DON on IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation. In conclusion, a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON enhances the inflammatory response through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway when inflammation occurs in the body. These results indicated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON could aggravate inflammation when inflammation was induced by IL-10 knockdown, which increases vigilance against DON contamination at low concentration especially when an animal's body has inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziman Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiangyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Jiang H, Yang J, Li T, Wang X, Fan Z, Ye Q, Du Y. JAK/STAT3 signaling in cardiac fibrosis: a promising therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1336102. [PMID: 38495094 PMCID: PMC10940489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1336102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious health problem because it is a common pathological change in almost all forms of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into cardiac myofibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by activated myofibroblasts, which leads to fibrotic scar formation and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. However, there are currently few effective therapeutic strategies protecting against fibrogenesis. This lack is largely because the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear despite extensive research. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade is an extensively present intracellular signal transduction pathway and can regulate a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Various upstream mediators such as cytokines, growth factors and hormones can initiate signal transmission via this pathway and play corresponding regulatory roles. STAT3 is a crucial player of the JAK/STAT pathway and its activation is related to inflammation, malignant tumors and autoimmune illnesses. Recently, the JAK/STAT3 signaling has been in the spotlight for its role in the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis and its activation can promote the proliferation and activation of CFs and the production of ECM proteins, thus leading to cardiac fibrosis. In this manuscript, we discuss the structure, transactivation and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and review recent progress on the role of this pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we summarize the current challenges and opportunities of targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling for the treatment of fibrosis. In summary, the information presented in this article is critical for comprehending the role of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in cardiac fibrosis, and will also contribute to future research aimed at the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfei Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Dignass A, Esters P, Flauaus C. Upadacitinib in Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:359-370. [PMID: 38512115 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2333964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The small molecule and oral selective and reversible Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor upadacitinib has been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe active Crohn's disease (CD) in adult patients since April 2023 by EMA/FDA. AREAS COVERED The approval is based on the two induction studies a maintenance study showing that upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy was superior to placebo. The approval of upadacitinib in CD expands the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Upadacitinib is the first and only JAK inhibitor approved in patients with CD and provides a novel mechanism of action and the first advanced oral treatment option for patients with CD. Upadacitinib is approved for the treatment of other immunologically mediated disorders, including ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis arthritis, axial spondylarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and atopic dermatitis. Treatment of atopic dermatitis has been approved from the age of 12 years. EXPERT OPINION Upadacitinib may cause relevant changes of our current treatment algorithms for Crohn's disease. Further real-world studies and head-to-head comparisons are needed to position upadacitinib in our current treatment algorithms for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Philip Esters
- Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Medical Immunology, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Xu A, Han F, Zhang Y, Chen S, Bian L, Gao T. Transcriptomic profiling reveals the immune response mechanism of the Thamnaconus modestus induced by the poly (I:C) and LPS. Gene 2024; 897:148065. [PMID: 38070789 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic animals immune response to pathogenic is a hotspot and related to high-quality development of aquaculture industry and the conservation of fisheries resources. Thamnaconus modestus is an important commercial and economical species which is suffering from various pathogens but by now lack relevant research about revealing the immune response mechanism to the pathogens invasion. In the study, the polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respective mimics of viral and bacterial infections, were used to demonstrate the immune response of the species via transcriptome analysis. The results showed that T. modestus had sensitive responses to the viral analog infection at 6 h and 48 h, and at 6 h, the first five major functional genes were NFKBIA, IL1B, JUN, IGH, FOS, and at 48 h, the genes were NFKBIA, IL1B, JUN, IGH, FOS. The genes IL1B, IRF3, PTGS2, THBS1 could helping the fish to fight against the bacterial infection in both the times. Similarly for the bacterial infection, the species had a sensitive response at 6 h, and the first five major functional genes were NFKBIA, JUN, FOS, L1B, GRIN2C. Our study provided an insight about the immune response mechanism of this species and demonstrated that if need for treatment of the virus and bacteria by the biotechnology, the artificial interferential time would be suggested before 6 h since the pathological features occur and the genes NFKBIA, JUN, IL1B, FOS, TRAF2, IL8, SOCS3, PTGS2 should be payed more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Xu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Fei Han
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Siqing Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Li Bian
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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Chu DK, Schneider L, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Ellison K, Frazier WT, Greenhawt M, Huynh J, Kim E, LeBovidge J, Lind ML, Lio P, Martin SA, O'Brien M, Ong PY, Silverberg JI, Spergel JM, Wang J, Wheeler KE, Guyatt GH, Capozza K, Begolka WS, Chu AWL, Zhao IX, Chen L, Oykhman P, Bakaa L, Golden D, Shaker M, Bernstein JA, Greenhawt M, Horner CC, Lieberman J, Stukus D, Rank MA, Wang J, Ellis A, Abrams E, Ledford D, Chu DK. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:274-312. [PMID: 38108679 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidance addressing atopic dermatitis (AD) management, last issued in 2012 by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force, requires updating as a result of new treatments and improved guideline and evidence synthesis methodology. OBJECTIVE To produce evidence-based guidelines that support patients, clinicians, and other decision-makers in the optimal treatment of AD. METHODS A multidisciplinary guideline panel consisting of patients and caregivers, AD experts (dermatology and allergy/immunology), primary care practitioners (family medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine), and allied health professionals (psychology, pharmacy, nursing) convened, prioritized equity, diversity, and inclusiveness, and implemented management strategies to minimize influence of conflicts of interest. The Evidence in Allergy Group supported guideline development by performing systematic evidence reviews, facilitating guideline processes, and holding focus groups with patient and family partners. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach informed rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. Evidence-to-decision frameworks, subjected to public comment, translated evidence to recommendations using trustworthy guideline principles. RESULTS The panel agreed on 25 recommendations to gain and maintain control of AD for patients with mild, moderate, and severe AD. The eAppendix provides practical information and implementation considerations in 1-2 page patient-friendly handouts. CONCLUSION These evidence-based recommendations address optimal use of (1) topical treatments (barrier moisturization devices, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors [crisaborole], topical JAK inhibitors, occlusive [wet wrap] therapy, adjunctive antimicrobials, application frequency, maintenance therapy), (2) dilute bleach baths, (3) dietary avoidance/elimination, (4) allergen immunotherapy, and (5) systemic treatments (biologics/monoclonal antibodies, small molecule immunosuppressants [cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, JAK inhibitors], and systemic corticosteroids) and UV phototherapy (light therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Winfred T Frazier
- Department of Family Medicine, UPMC St. Margaret, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joey Huynh
- Sepulveda VA Medical Center, North Hills, California
| | | | - Jennifer LeBovidge
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Laura Lind
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Peter Lio
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Martin
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Monica O'Brien
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kathryn E Wheeler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Korey Capozza
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Santa Barbara, California
| | | | - Alexandro W L Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Irene X Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul Oykhman
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Layla Bakaa
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Golden
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcus Shaker
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jay Lieberman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David Stukus
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona and Phoenix Children's Hospital, Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Anne Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elissa Abrams
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dennis Ledford
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida and James A. Haley Veterans' Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Derek K Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Shen Z, Qian D, Wang G, Wang X, Xi S, Wang X. ITGB6 promotes pancreatic fibrosis and aggravates the malignant process of pancreatic cancer via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03003-z. [PMID: 38418753 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Integrin β6 (ITGB6) is upregulated in multiple tumor types and elevated ITGB6 levels have been detected in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, the role of ITGB6 in pancreatic fibrosis and cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, ITGB6 expression was assessed using western blotting and qRT-PCR. Besides, cell proliferation, cycling, migration, and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The expression of fibrosis and JAK2/STAT3 signaling markers was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, nude mice were subcutaneously injected with co-cultured cell suspensions to establish an in vivo model. The results showed that ITGB6 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and TGF-β-induced pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Inhibition of ITGB6 expression in PSCs resulted in clear inhibition of activated PSC proliferation, migration, and fibrogenesis. Additionally, reduced ITGB6 expression inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Interestingly, activators of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway reversed the effects of ITGB6 disruption on PSCs. Activated PSCs notably promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in a co-culture assay. In contrast, activated PSCs with low ITGB6 expression failed to significantly affect the malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, in vivo results showed that interference with ITGB6 inhibited the activation of PSCs and promoted the development of pancreatic cancer. Silencing ITGB6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and fibrosis-like effects of activated PSCs and indirectly inhibited the metastasis and malignant process of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, ITGB6 is a potential candidate target for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, Anhui, 237005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchao Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohai Qian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihang Xi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China.
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Vahabi SM, Bahramian S, Esmaeili F, Danaei B, Kalantari Y, Fazeli P, Sadeghi S, Hajizadeh N, Assaf C, Etesami I. JAK Inhibitors in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Friend or Foe? A Systematic Review of the Published Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:861. [PMID: 38473222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of lymphoid neoplasms with high relapse rates and no curative treatment other than allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). CTCL is significantly influenced by disruption of JAK/STAT signaling. Therefore, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may be promising for CTCL treatment. This study is a systematic review aiming to investigate the role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of CTCL, including their efficacy and safety. Out of 438 initially searched articles, we present 13 eligible ones. The overall response rate (ORR) in the treatment with JAK inhibitors in clinical trials was 11-35%, although different subtypes of CTCL showed different ORRs. Mycosis fungoides showed an ORR of 14-45%, while subcutaneous-panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) displayed an ORR ranging from 75% to 100%. Five cases were reported having a relapse/incident of CTCL after using JAK inhibitors; of these, three cases were de novo CTCLs in patients under treatment with a JAK inhibitor due to refractory arthritis, and two cases were relapsed disease after graft-versus-host disease treatment following allo-SCT. In conclusion, using JAK inhibitors for CTCL treatment seems promising with acceptable side effects, especially in patients with SPTCL. Some biomarkers, like pS6, showed an association with better responses. Caution should be taken when treating patients with an underlying autoimmune disease and prior immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Bahramian
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Bardia Danaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Yasamin Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1461884513, Iran
| | | | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Nima Hajizadeh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ifa Etesami
- Departments of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
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Yang Y, Lu D, Wang M, Liu G, Feng Y, Ren Y, Sun X, Chen Z, Wang Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38378666 PMCID: PMC10879178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common trauma with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. However, the current management of this disease is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in depth to improve the treatment options. In recent decades, abundant evidence has highlighted the significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in advancing central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including TBI. ERS following TBI leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three major pathways of UPR initiation that determine whether a cell survives or dies. This review focuses on the dual effects of ERS on TBI and discusses the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that ERS may crosstalk with a series of molecular cascade responses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and cell death, and is thus involved in the progression of secondary injury after TBI. Hence, ERS is a promising candidate for the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yubo Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Jiang G. Application of JAK inhibitors in paradoxical reaction through immune-related dermatoses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341632. [PMID: 38444845 PMCID: PMC10912518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biologics play a positive and effective role in the treatment of immune-related dermatoses. However, many other immune-related diseases have also manifested along with biologics treatment. Paradoxical reaction through immune-related dermatoses refer to the new onset or exacerbation of other immune-mediated dermatoses (mainly psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) after biologics treatment of inflammatory dermatoses (mainly psoriasis and atopic dermatitis), such as new atopic dermatitis (AD) in psoriasis (PsO) treatment and new PsO in AD treatment. A common genetic background and Inflammatory pathway are possible pathogenesis. Faced with paradoxical reactions, the choice of therapy needs to be directed toward therapies effective for both diseases, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. The Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays an important role in the inflammatory pathway, and has been widely used in the treatment of AD and PsO in recent years. This article focuses on JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib, baricitinib, ruxolitinib, Abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and deucravacitinib, to explore the possible application in treatment of paradoxical reactions. Common side effects, baseline risk factors and safety use of JAK inhibitors were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- First College for Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Jin M, Yi X, Zhu X, Hu W, Wang S, Chen Q, Yang W, Li Y, Li S, Peng Q, Pan M, Gao Y, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhou S. Schisandrin B promotes hepatic differentiation from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. iScience 2024; 27:108912. [PMID: 38323006 PMCID: PMC10844828 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) have shown great promise in the treatment of liver diseases. However, most current induction protocols yield hepatocyte-like cells with limited function as compared with primary hepatocytes. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is one of the main components of Schisandra chinensis, which can prevent fibrosis progression and promote liver cell regeneration. Herein, we investigated the effects of Sch B on hepatic differentiation of UC-MSCs. We found that treatment with 10 μM Sch B from the second stage of the differentiation process increased hepatic marker levels and hepatic function. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that Sch B promoted hepatic differentiation via activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. When transplanted HLCs into mice with CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, Sch B-treated HLCs exhibited significant therapeutic effects. This study provides an optimized hepatic differentiation protocol for UC-MSCs based on Sch B, yielding functioning cells for liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wanren Yang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qing Peng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mingxin Pan
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Anesthesiology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
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Daza Zapata AM, Álvarez K, Vásquez Duque G, Palacio J, Rojas López M. Janus kinase inhibitors modify the fatty acid profile of extracellular vesicles and modulate the immune response. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24710. [PMID: 38314280 PMCID: PMC10837569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Janus kinase inhibitors (jakinibs) are immunomodulators used for treating malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies. However, they induce adverse effects such as thrombosis, lymphocytosis, and neutropenia that could be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). These particles are cell membrane-derived structures that transport cellular and environmental molecules and participate in intercellular communication. Jakinibs can modify the content of EVs and enable them to modulate the activity of different components of the immune response. Objective to evaluate the interactions between immune system components of healthy individuals and EVs derived from monocytic and lymphoid lineage cells generated in the presence of baricitinib (BARI) and itacitinib (ITA) and their possible effects. Methods EVs were isolated from monocytes (M) and lymphocytes (L) of healthy individuals, as well as from U937 (U) and Jurkat (J) cells exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of BARI, ITA, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; vehicle control). The binding to and engulfment of EVs by peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry using CFSE-stained EVs and anti-CD45-PeCy7 mAb-labeled whole blood. The effect of EVs on respiratory burst, T-cell activation and proliferation, cytokine synthesis, and platelet aggregation was evaluated. Respiratory burst was assessed in PMA-stimulated neutrophils by the dihydrorhodamine (DHR) test and flow cytometry. T-cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production were assessed in CFSE-stained PBMC cultures stimulated with PHA; expression of the T-cell activation markers CD25 and CD69 and T-cell proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the cytokine levels were quantified in culture supernatants by Luminex assays. Platelet aggregation was analyzed in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples by light transmission aggregometry. The EVs' fatty acid (FA) profile was analyzed using methyl ester derivatization followed by gas chromatography. Results ITA exposure during the generation of EVs modified the size of the EVs released; however, treatment with DMSO and BARI did not alter the size of EVs generated from U937 and Jurkat cells. Circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes showed a 2-fold greater tendency to internalize ITA-U-EVs than their respective DMSO control. The neutrophil respiratory burst was attenuated in greater extent by M-EVs than by L-EVs. Autologous ITA-M-EVs reduced T-cell proliferation by decreasing IL-2 levels and CD25 expression independently of CD69. A higher accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in PHA-stimulated PBMC cultures exposed to M-EVs than to L-EVs; this difference may be related to the higher myristate content of M-EVs. Platelet aggregation increased in the presence of ITA-L/M-EVs by a mechanism presumably dependent on the high arachidonic acid content of the vesicles. Conclusions Cellular origin and jakinib exposure modify the FA profile of EVs, enabling them, in turn, to modulate neutrophil respiratory burst, T-cell proliferation, and platelet aggregation. The increased T-cell proliferation induced by BARI-L/M-EVs could explain the lymphocytosis observed in patients treated with BARI. The higher proportion of arachidonic acid in the FA content of ITA-L/M-EVs could be related to the thrombosis described in patients treated with ITA. EVs also induced a decrease in the respiratory burst of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Daza Zapata
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karen Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez Duque
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Palacio
- Grupo De Investigación Ciencia de Los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia,SedeMedellín, Escuela de Química- Carrera 65 A No 59A-110, Medellín, 4309000, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas López
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia
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Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Akazawa S, Abiru N, Mori H, Kurisaki H, Shimoda K, Yoshikai Y, Takahashi H, Anzai K. TYK2 signaling promotes the development of autoreactive CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1337. [PMID: 38351043 PMCID: PMC10864272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the JAK family, has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. However, the role of TYK2 in CD8+ T cells and autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. In this study, we generate Tyk2 gene knockout non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice and demonstrate that the loss of Tyk2 inhibits the development of autoreactive CD8+ T-BET+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by impairing IL-12 signaling in CD8+ T cells and the CD8+ resident dendritic cell-driven cross-priming of CTLs in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN). Tyk2-deficient CTLs display reduced cytotoxicity. Increased inflammatory responses in β-cells with aging are dampened by Tyk2 deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with BMS-986165, a selective TYK2 inhibitor, inhibits the expansion of T-BET+ CTLs, inflammation in β-cells and the onset of autoimmune T1D in NOD mice. Thus, our study reveals the diverse roles of TYK2 in driving the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoru Akazawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Midori Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Kurisaki
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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He J, Tang MY, Liu LX, Kong CX, Chen W, Wang L, Zhi SB, Sun HW, Huang YC, Chen GY, Xin HB, Deng KY. Myeloid Deletion of Cdc42 Protects Liver From Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:965-981. [PMID: 38342302 PMCID: PMC11047801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) often occurs in liver surgery, such as partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation, in which myeloid macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a critical role. Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) regulates cell migration, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and cell polarity. In this study, we explore the role of myeloid Cdc42 in HIRI. METHODS Mouse HIRI models were established with 1-hour ischemia followed by 12-hour reperfusion in myeloid Cdc42 knockout (Cdc42mye) and Cdc42flox mice. Myeloid-derived macrophages were traced with RosamTmG fluorescent reporter under LyzCre-mediated excision. The experiments for serum or hepatic enzymic activities, histologic and immunologic analysis, gene expressions, flow cytometry analysis, and cytokine antibody array were performed. RESULTS Myeloid deletion of Cdc42 significantly alleviated hepatic damages with the reduction of hepatic necrosis and inflammation, and reserved hepatic functions following HIRI in mice. Myeloid Cdc42 deficiency suppressed the infiltration of myeloid macrophages, reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, restrained M1 polarization, and promoted M2 polarization of myeloid macrophages in livers. In addition, inactivation of Cdc42 promoted M2 polarization via suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT1 and promoting phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT6 in myeloid macrophages. Furthermore, pretreatment with Cdc42 inhibitor, ML141, also protected mice from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition or deletion of myeloid Cdc42 protects liver from HIRI via restraining the infiltration of myeloid macrophages, suppressing proinflammatory response, and promoting M2 polarization in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Meng-Yu Tang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chen-Xian Kong
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shao-Bin Zhi
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guo-Yu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technology, Institution of Translation Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Sk MF, Samanta S, Poddar S, Kar P. Deciphering the molecular choreography of Janus kinase 2 inhibition via Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations: a dynamic odyssey. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2024; 38:8. [PMID: 38324213 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAK) are crucial targets in drug development for several diseases. However, accounting for the impact of possible structural rearrangements on the binding of different kinase inhibitors is complicated by the extensive conformational variability of their catalytic kinase domain (KD). The dynamic KD contains mainly four prominent mobile structural motifs: the phosphate-binding loop (P-loop), the αC-helix within the N-lobe, the Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) motif, and the activation loop (A-loop) within the C-lobe. These distinct structural orientations imply a complex signal transmission path for regulating the A-loop's flexibility and conformational preference for optimal JAK function. Nevertheless, the precise dynamical features of the JAK induced by different types of inhibitors still remain elusive. We performed comparative, microsecond-long, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations in triplicate of three phosphorylated JAK2 systems: the KD alone, type-I ATP-competitive inhibitor (CI) bound KD in the catalytically active DFG-in conformation, and the type-II inhibitor (AI) bound KD in the catalytically inactive DFG-out conformation. Our results indicate significant conformational variations observed in the A-loop and αC helix motions upon inhibitor binding. Our studies also reveal that the DFG-out inactive conformation is characterized by the closed A-loop rearrangement, open catalytic cleft of N and C-lobe, the outward movement of the αC helix, and open P-loop states. Moreover, the outward positioning of the αC helix impacts the hallmark salt bridge formation between Lys882 and Glu898 in an inactive conformation. Finally, we compared their ligand binding poses and free energy by the MM/PBSA approach. The free energy calculations suggested that the AI's binding affinity is higher than CI against JAK2 due to an increased favorable contribution from the total non-polar interactions and the involvement of the αC helix. Overall, our study provides the structural and energetic insights crucial for developing more promising type I/II JAK2 inhibitors for treating JAK-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, MP, 453552, India
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sunanda Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, MP, 453552, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, MP, 453552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, MP, 453552, India.
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De Togni E, Cole O, Abboud R. Janus kinase inhibition in the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304065. [PMID: 38380328 PMCID: PMC10877010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). For many years, corticosteroids have been the mainstay treatment for GVHD, but cases of steroid-refractory GVHD and the severe adverse effects of high-dose corticosteroids have increased the need for preventative and therapeutic strategies for GVHD. Due to the nature of alloreactive T cells, GVHD is inherently linked to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, the therapeutic driving force behind stem cell transplantation. A considerable clinical challenge is to preserve GVL while suppressing GVHD. The field of GVHD research has greatly expanded over the past decades, including advancements in T cell modulation and depletion, antibody therapies, chemotherapeutics, cellular therapies, and Janus kinase inhibition. In this review, we discuss current approaches and advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD with a focus on new emerging advancements in Janus kinase inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Togni
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Oladipo Cole
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ramzi Abboud
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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