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Li J, Fang Z, Dal E, Zhang H, Yu K, Ma M, Wang M, Sun R, Lu M, Wang H, Li Y. Transmembrane protein 176B regulates amino acid metabolism through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and promotes gastric cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:95. [PMID: 38438907 PMCID: PMC10913232 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the expression level, biological function, and underlying mechanism of transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B) in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS TMEM176B expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). The function of TMEM176B was determined by various in vitro assays including colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Transwell, and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics techniques were then used to elucidate the signaling pathways associated with TMEM176B activity. Tumor formation experiments were conducted on nude mice for in vivo validation of the preceding findings. TMEM176B expression was cross-referenced to clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes. RESULTS It was observed that TMEM176B was overexpressed in GC cells and tissues. Targeted TMEM176B abrogation inhibited colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted apoptosis in GC cell lines while TMEM176B overexpression had the opposite effects. Subsequent experimental validation disclosed an association between TMEM176B and the phosphatidylinositol 3-carboxykinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis. Moreover, TMEM176B affects GC cancer progression by regulating asparagine synthetase (ASNS). The in vivo assays confirmed that TMEM176B is oncogenic and the clinical data revealed a connection between TMEM176B expression and the clinicopathological determinants of GC. CONCLUSION The foregoing results suggest that TMEM176B significantly promotes the development of gastric cancer and is an independent prognostic factor of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - ZiQing Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Emre Dal
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - KeXun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - MengDi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - MingLiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ruochuan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - MingDian Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - HuiZhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - YongXiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Al-Kasbi G, Al-Murshedi F, Al-Futaisi A, Al-Jabry T, Zadjali F, Al-Yahyaee S, Al-Maawali A. Revisiting Exome Data Identified Missed Splice Site Variant of the Asparagine Synthetase ( ASNS ) Gene. J Pediatr Genet 2024; 13:1-5. [PMID: 38567172 PMCID: PMC10984708 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing, such as whole-exome sequencing (WES), is increasingly used in the study of Mendelian disorders, yet many are reported as "negative." Inappropriate variant annotation and filtering steps are reasons for missing the molecular diagnosis. Noncoding variants, including splicing mutations, are examples of variants that can be overlooked. Herein, we report a family of four affected newborns, and all presented with severe congenital microcephaly. Initial research WES analysis identified a damaging homozygous variant in NME1 gene as a possible cause of primary microcephaly phenotype in these patients. However, reanalysis of the exome data uncovered a biallelic splice site variant in asparagine synthetase gene which seems to be the possible cause of the phenotype in these patients. This study highlights the importance of revisiting the exome data and the issue of "negative" exome and the afterward approaches to identify and prove new candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Al-Kasbi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amna Al-Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tariq Al-Jabry
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Said Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Zheng CS, Huang WM, Xia HM, Mi JL, Li YQ, Liang HQ, Zhou L, Lu ZX, Wu F. Oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer and its potential value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Apoptosis 2024; 29:243-266. [PMID: 37670104 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A particular GTPase-activating protein called RACGAP1 is involved in apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer was less studied, and its value of the expression and prognostic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been explored. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate the oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in various cancers and its potential value in NPC. We comprehensively analyzed RACGAP1 expression, prognostic value, function, methylation levels, relationship with immune cells, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer utilizing multiple databases. The results discovered that RACGAP1 expression was elevated in most cancers and suggested poor prognosis, which could be related to the involvement of RACGAP1 in various cancer-related pathways such as the cell cycle and correlated with RACGAP1 methylation levels, immune cell infiltration and reaction to immunotherapy, and chemoresistance. RACGAP1 could inhibit anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses by fostering immune cell infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte dysfunction. Significantly, we validated that RACGAP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in NPC. The Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that elevated RACGAP1 expression was associated with shorter PFS in patients with NPC, and RACGAP1 potentially influenced cell cycle progression, DNA replication, metabolism, and immune-related pathways, resulting in the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. This study indicated that RACGAP1 could be a potential biomarker in pan-cancer and NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Mei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jing-Lin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Qing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou-Xue Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Su D, Ding C, Qiu J, Yang G, Wang R, Liu Y, Tao J, Luo W, Weng G, Zhang T. Ribosome profiling: a powerful tool in oncological research. Biomark Res 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38273337 PMCID: PMC10809610 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells need to adapt their gene expression pattern to survive in an ever-changing or unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Protein synthesis (or mRNA translation), an essential part of gene expression, is dysregulated in cancer. The emergence of distinct translatomic technologies has revolutionized oncological studies to elucidate translational regulatory mechanisms. Ribosome profiling can provide adequate information on diverse aspects of translation by aiding in quantitatively analyzing the intensity of translating ribosome-protected fragments. Here, we review the primary currently used translatomics techniques and highlight their advantages and disadvantages as tools for translatomics studies. Subsequently, we clarified the areas in which ribosome profiling could be applied to better understand translational control. Finally, we summarized the latest advances in cancer studies using ribosome profiling to highlight the extensive application of this powerful and promising translatomic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ding
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Yueze Liu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Guihu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China.
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Cunningham A, Oudejans LL, Geugien M, Pereira-Martins DA, Wierenga ATJ, Erdem A, Sternadt D, Huls G, Schuringa JJ. The nonessential amino acid cysteine is required to prevent ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:56-69. [PMID: 37906522 PMCID: PMC10784682 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid required for protein synthesis, the generation of the antioxidant glutathione, and for synthesizing the nonproteinogenic amino acid taurine. Here, we highlight the broad sensitivity of leukemic stem and progenitor cells to cysteine depletion. By CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated knockout of cystathionine-γ-lyase, the cystathionine-to-cysteine converting enzyme, and by metabolite supplementation studies upstream of cysteine, we functionally prove that cysteine is not synthesized from methionine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Therefore, although perhaps nutritionally nonessential, cysteine must be imported for survival of these specific cell types. Depletion of cyst(e)ine increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell death was induced predominantly as a consequence of glutathione deprivation. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase inhibition strongly rescued viability after cysteine depletion, highlighting this as an important source of ROS in AML. ROS-induced cell death was mediated via ferroptosis, and inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which functions in reducing lipid peroxides, was also highly toxic. We therefore propose that GPX4 is likely key in mediating the antioxidant activity of glutathione. In line, inhibition of the ROS scavenger thioredoxin reductase with auranofin also impaired cell viability, whereby we find that oxidative phosphorylation-driven AML subtypes, in particular, are highly dependent on thioredoxin-mediated protection against ferroptosis. Although inhibition of the cystine-glutamine antiporter by sulfasalazine was ineffective as a monotherapy, its combination with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) further improved AML ferroptosis induction. We propose the combination of either sulfasalazine or antioxidant machinery inhibitors along with ROS inducers such as BSO or chemotherapy for further preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve L. Oudejans
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Geugien
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Antonio Pereira-Martins
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus T. J. Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Sternadt
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pan Y, Suzuki T, Sakai K, Hirano Y, Ikeda H, Hattori A, Dohmae N, Nishio K, Kakeya H. Bisabosqual A: A novel asparagine synthetase inhibitor suppressing the proliferation and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176156. [PMID: 38059445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is a crucial enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of endogenous asparagine (Asn), and ASNS shows the positive relationship with the growth of several solid tumors. Most of ASNS inhibitors are analogs of transition-state in ASNS reaction, but their low cell permeability hinders their anticancer activity. Therefore, novel ASNS inhibitors with a new pharmacophore urgently need to be developed. In this study, we established and applied a system for in vitro screening of ASNS inhibitors, and found a promising unique bisabolane-type meroterpenoid molecule, bisabosqual A (Bis A), able to covalently modify K556 site of ASNS protein. Bis A targeted ASNS to suppress cell proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and exhibited a synergistic effect with L-asparaginase (L-ASNase). Mechanistically, Bis A promoted oxidative stress and apoptosis, while inhibiting autophagy, cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), impeding cancer cell development. Moreover, Bis A induced negative feedback pathways containing the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4, PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 and RAF-MEK-ERK axes, but combination treatment of Bis A and rapamycin/torin-1 overcame the potential drug resistance triggered by mTOR pathways. Our study demonstrates that ASNS inhibition is promising for cancer chemotherapy, and Bis A is a potential lead ASNS inhibitor for anticancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Pan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hirano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Xu X, Zhang G, Chen Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Ji G, Xu H. Can proline dehydrogenase-a key enzyme involved in proline metabolism-be a novel target for cancer therapy? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1254439. [PMID: 38023181 PMCID: PMC10661406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1254439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that proline metabolism is important for regulating the survival and death of different types of cancer cells. Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), an enzyme catalyzing proline catabolism, and the degradation products of proline by PRODH, such as ATP and ROS, are known to play critical roles in cancer progression. Notably, the role of PRODH in cancer is still complicated and unclear, and primarily depends on the cancer type and tumor microenvironment. For instance, PRODH induces apoptosis and senescence through ROS signaling in different types of cancers, while as a protumor factor, PRODH promotes malignant phenotypes of certain tumors under stresses such as hypoxia. In order to assess whether PRODH can serve as a novel target for cancer therapy, we will provide an overview of the biological functions of PRODH and its double-edged role in cancer in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoujiadu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, China
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8
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Staklinski SJ, Scheben A, Siepel A, Kilberg MS. Utility of AlphaMissense predictions in Asparagine Synthetase deficiency variant classification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564808. [PMID: 37961642 PMCID: PMC10634951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AlphaMissense is a recently developed method that is designed to classify missense variants into pathogenic, benign, or ambiguous categories across the entire human proteome. Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) is a developmental disorder associated with severe symptoms, including congenital microcephaly, seizures, and premature death. Diagnosing ASNSD relies on identifying mutations in the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene through DNA sequencing and determining whether these variants are pathogenic or benign. Pathogenic ASNS variants are predicted to disrupt the protein's structure and/or function, leading to asparagine depletion within cells and inhibition of cell growth. AlphaMissense offers a promising solution for the rapid classification of ASNS variants established by DNA sequencing and provides a community resource of pathogenicity scores and classifications for newly diagnosed ASNSD patients. Here, we assessed AlphaMissense's utility in ASNSD by benchmarking it against known critical residues in ASNS and evaluating its performance against a list of previously reported ASNSD-associated variants. We also present a pipeline to calculate AlphaMissense scores for any protein in the UniProt database. AlphaMissense accurately attributed a high average pathogenicity score to known critical residues within the two ASNS active sites and the connecting intramolecular tunnel. The program successfully categorized 78.9% of known ASNSD-associated missense variants as pathogenic. The remaining variants were primarily labeled as ambiguous, with a smaller proportion classified as benign. This study underscores the potential role of AlphaMissense in classifying ASNS variants in suspected cases of ASNSD, potentially providing clarity to patients and their families grappling with ongoing diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Staklinski
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724
| | - Armin Scheben
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724
| | - Adam Siepel
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724
| | - Michael S. Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 326010-0245
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Chang MC, Staklinski SJ, Merritt ME, Kilberg MS. A method for measurement of human asparagine synthetase (ASNS) activity and application to ASNS protein variants associated with ASNS deficiency. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad026. [PMID: 37965492 PMCID: PMC10641120 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes the conversion of aspartate to asparagine in an ATP-dependent reaction that utilizes glutamine as a nitrogen source while generating glutamate, AMP, and pyrophosphate as additional products. Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) is an inborn error of metabolism in which children present with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ASNS gene. These mutations result in ASNS variant protein expression. It is believed that these variant ASNS proteins have reduced enzymatic activity or stability resulting in a lack of sufficient asparagine production for cell function. Reduced asparagine production by ASNS appears to severely hinder fetal brain development. Although a variety of approaches for assaying ASNS activity have been reported, we present here a straightforward method for the in vitro enzymatic analysis by detection of AMP production. Our method overcomes limitations in technical feasibility, signal detection, and reproducibility experienced by prior methods like high-performance liquid chromatography, ninhydrin staining, and radioactive tracing. After purification of FLAG-tagged R49Q, G289A, and T337I ASNS variants from stably expressing HEK 293T cells, this method revealed a reduction in activity of 90, 36, and 96%, respectively. Thus, ASNS protein expression and purification, followed by enzymatic activity analysis, has provided a relatively simple protocol to evaluate structure-function relationships for ASNS variants reported for ASNSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Stephen J Staklinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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10
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Zhu L, Sun Y, Xu Y, Jin P, Ding H, Dong M. Case report: A compound heterozygous mutations in ASNS broadens the spectrum of asparagine synthetase deficiency in the prenatal diagnosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1273789. [PMID: 37900678 PMCID: PMC10611455 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1273789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by severe progressive microcephaly, global developmental delay, spastic quadriplegia, and refractory seizures. ASNSD is caused by variations of the ASNS gene. The present study showed a Chinese family with a fetus suffering microcephaly. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the disease-associated genetic variants. Compound heterozygous variants c.97C>T p. (R33C) and c.1031-2_1033del were identified in the ASNS gene and the variants were inherited from the parents. The mutation site c.97C>T was highly conserved across a wide range of species and predicted to alter the local electrostatic potential. The variant c.1031-2_1033del was classified pathogenic. However, there is no case report of prenatal diagnosis of ASNSD. This is the first description of fetal compound mutations in the ASNS gene leading to ASNSD, which expanded the spectrum of ASNSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Sun
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
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11
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Ji Y, Lin Z, Li G, Tian X, Wu Y, Wan J, Liu T, Xu M. Identification and validation of novel biomarkers associated with immune infiltration for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma based on machine learning. Front Genet 2023; 14:1136783. [PMID: 37732314 PMCID: PMC10507254 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1136783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in children and adolescents, and the 5-year survival of osteosarcoma patients gained no substantial improvement over the past decades. Effective biomarkers in diagnosing osteosarcoma are warranted to be developed. This study aims to explore novel biomarkers correlated with immune cell infiltration in the development and diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Methods: Three datasets (GSE19276, GSE36001, GSE126209) comprising osteosarcoma samples were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and merged to obtain the gene expression. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma and potential biological functions and downstream pathways enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. The machine learning algorithms LASSO regression model and SVM-RFE (support vector machine-recursive feature elimination) analysis were employed to identify candidate hub genes for diagnosing patients with osteosarcoma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were developed to evaluate the discriminatory abilities of these candidates in both training and test sets. Furthermore, the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in osteosarcoma, and the correlations between these potential genes and immune cell abundance were illustrated using CIBERSORT. qRT-PCR and western blots were conducted to validate the expression of diagnostic candidates. Results: GEO datasets were divided into the training (merged GSE19276, GSE36001) and test (GSE126209) groups. A total of 71 DEGs were screened out in the training set, including 10 upregulated genes and 61 downregulated genes. These DEGs were primarily enriched in immune-related biological functions and signaling pathways. After machine learning by SVM-RFE and LASSO regression model, four biomarkers were chosen for the diagnostic nomogram for osteosarcoma, including ASNS, CD70, SRGN, and TRIB3. These diagnostic biomarkers all possessed high diagnostic values (AUC ranging from 0.900 to 0.955). Furthermore, these genes were significantly correlated with the infiltration of several immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages M0, and neutrophils. Conclusion: Four immune-related candidate hub genes (ASNS, CD70, SRGN, TRIB3) with high diagnostic value were confirmed for osteosarcoma patients. These diagnostic genes were significantly connected with the immune cell abundance, suggesting their critical roles in the osteosarcoma tumor immune microenvironment. Our study provides highlights on novel diagnostic candidate genes with high accuracy for diagnosing osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Zhou Q, Li L, Sha F, Lei Y, Tian X, Chen L, Chen Y, Liu H, Guo Y. PTTG1 Reprograms Asparagine Metabolism to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2372-2386. [PMID: 37159932 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has a poor prognosis. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is highly expressed in HCC, suggesting it could play an important role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Here, we evaluated the impact of PTTG1 deficiency on HCC development using a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model and a hepatitis B virus (HBV) regulatory X protein (HBx)-induced spontaneous HCC mouse model. PTTG1 deficiency significantly suppressed DEN- and HBx-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, PTTG1 promoted asparagine synthetase (ASNS) transcription by binding to its promoter, and asparagine (Asn) levels were correspondingly increased. The elevated levels of Asn subsequently activated the mTOR pathway to facilitate HCC progression. In addition, asparaginase treatment reversed the proliferation induced by PTTG1 overexpression. Furthermore, HBx promoted ASNS and Asn metabolism by upregulating PTTG1 expression. Overall, PTTG1 is involved in the reprogramming of Asn metabolism to promote HCC progression and may serve as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for HCC. SIGNIFICANCE PTTG1 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and increases asparagine production to stimulate mTOR activity and promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Leijia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feifei Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Blachier J, Cleret A, Guerin N, Gil C, Fanjat JM, Tavernier F, Vidault L, Gallix F, Rama N, Rossignol R, Piedrahita D, Andrivon A, Châlons-Cottavoz M, Aguera K, Gay F, Horand F, Laperrousaz B. L-asparaginase anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer is dependent on its glutaminase activity and resistance is mediated by glutamine synthetase. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113568. [PMID: 36967104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is a cornerstone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy since lymphoblasts lack asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and rely on extracellular asparagine availability for survival. Resistance mechanisms are associated with increased ASNS expression in ALL. However, the association between ASNS and l-Asparaginase efficacy in solid tumors remains unclear, thus limiting clinical development. Interestingly, l-Asparaginase also has a glutaminase co-activity that is crucial in pancreatic cancer where KRAS mutations activate glutamine metabolism. By developing l-Asparaginase-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and using OMICS approaches, we identified glutamine synthetase (GS) as a marker of resistance to l-Asparaginase. GS is the only enzyme able to synthesize glutamine, and its expression also correlates with l-Asparaginase efficacy in 27 human cell lines from 11 cancer indications. Finally, we further demonstrated that GS inhibition prevents cancer cell adaptation to l-Asparaginase-induced glutamine starvation. These findings could pave the way to the development of promising drug combinations to overcome l-Asparaginase resistance.
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14
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Chang MC, Staklinski SJ, Malut VR, Pierre GL, Kilberg MS, Merritt ME. Metabolomic Profiling of Asparagine Deprivation in Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency Patient-Derived Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:1938. [PMID: 37111157 PMCID: PMC10145675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural amino acid asparagine (Asn) is required by cells to sustain function and proliferation. Healthy cells can synthesize Asn through asparagine synthetase (ASNS) activity, whereas specific cancer and genetically diseased cells are forced to obtain asparagine from the extracellular environment. ASNS catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of Asn from aspartate by consuming glutamine as a nitrogen source. Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) is a disease that results from biallelic mutations in the ASNS gene and presents with congenital microcephaly, intractable seizures, and progressive brain atrophy. ASNSD often leads to premature death. Although clinical and cellular studies have reported that Asn deprivation contributes to the disease symptoms, the global metabolic effects of Asn deprivation on ASNSD-derived cells have not been studied. We analyzed two previously characterized cell culture models, lymphoblastoids and fibroblasts, each carrying unique ASNS mutations from families with ASNSD. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that Asn deprivation in ASNS-deficient cells led to disruptions across a wide range of metabolites. Moreover, we observed significant decrements in TCA cycle intermediates and anaplerotic substrates in ASNS-deficient cells challenged with Asn deprivation. We have identified pantothenate, phenylalanine, and aspartate as possible biomarkers of Asn deprivation in normal and ASNSD-derived cells. This work implies the possibility of a novel ASNSD diagnostic via targeted biomarker analysis of a blood draw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stephen J. Staklinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Vinay R. Malut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Geraldine L. Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael S. Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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15
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Wang Z, Wu X, Chen HN, Wang K. Amino acid metabolic reprogramming in tumor metastatic colonization. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123192. [PMID: 36998464 PMCID: PMC10043324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is considered as the major cause of cancer death. Cancer cells can be released from primary tumors into the circulation and then colonize in distant organs. How cancer cells acquire the ability to colonize in distant organs has always been the focus of tumor biology. To enable survival and growth in the new environment, metastases commonly reprogram their metabolic states and therefore display different metabolic properties and preferences compared with the primary lesions. For different microenvironments in various colonization sites, cancer cells must transfer to specific metabolic states to colonize in different distant organs, which provides the possibility of evaluating metastasis tendency by tumor metabolic states. Amino acids provide crucial precursors for many biosynthesis and play an essential role in cancer metastasis. Evidence has proved the hyperactivation of several amino acid biosynthetic pathways in metastatic cancer cells, including glutamine, serine, glycine, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), proline, and asparagine metabolism. The reprogramming of amino acid metabolism can orchestrate energy supply, redox homeostasis, and other metabolism-associated pathways during cancer metastasis. Here, we review the role and function of amino acid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells colonizing in common metastatic organs, including lung, liver, brain, peritoneum, and bone. In addition, we summarize the current biomarker identification and drug development of cancer metastasis under the amino acid metabolism reprogramming, and discuss the possibility and prospect of targeting organ-specific metastasis for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyun Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zhang S, Mu L, Wang H, Xu X, Jia L, Niu S, Wang Y, Wang P, Li L, Chai J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Quantitative proteomic analysis uncovers protein-expression profiles during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mice†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:479-491. [PMID: 36477298 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicle is the basic functional unit of female reproduction, and is composed of oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. In mammals, folliculogenesis strictly rely on gonadotropin regulations to determine the ovulation and the quality of eggs. However, the dynamic changes of protein-expressing profiles in follicles at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. By performing mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse follicles, we provide a proteomic database (~3000 proteins) that covers three key stages of gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. By combining bioinformatics analysis with in situ expression validation, we showed that our proteomic data well reflected physiological changes during folliculogenesis, which provided potential to predict unknown regulators of folliculogenesis. Additionally, by using the oocyte structural protein zona pellucida protein 2 as the internal control, we showed the possibility of our database to predict the expression dynamics of oocyte-expressing proteins during folliculogenesis. Taken together, we provide a high-coverage proteomic database to study protein-expression dynamics during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Longzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhou P, Bu YX, Xu L, Xu XW, Shen HB. Understanding the mechanisms of halotolerance in members of Pontixanthobacter and Allopontixanthobacter by comparative genome analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111472. [PMID: 36992937 PMCID: PMC10040529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Halotolerant microorganisms have developed versatile mechanisms for coping with saline stress. With the increasing number of isolated halotolerant strains and their genomes being sequenced, comparative genome analysis would help understand the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Six type strains of Pontixanthobacter and Allopontixanthobacter, two phylogenetically close genera, were isolated from diverse salty environments and showed different NaCl tolerances, from 3 to 10% (w/v). Based on the co-occurrence greater than 0.8 between halotolerance and open reading frame (ORF) among the six strains, possible explanations for halotolerance were discussed regarding osmolyte, membrane permeability, transportation, intracellular signaling, polysaccharide biosynthesis, and SOS response, which provided hypotheses for further investigations. The strategy of analyzing genome-wide co-occurrence between genetic diversity and physiological characteristics sheds light on how microorganisms adapt to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhou,
| | - Yu-Xin Bu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China
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18
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Staklinski SJ, Chang MC, Ahrens‐Nicklas RC, Kaur S, Stefanatos AK, Dudenhausen EE, Merritt ME, Kilberg MS. Characterizing asparagine synthetase deficiency variants in lymphoblastoid cell lines. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:167-179. [PMID: 36873094 PMCID: PMC9981421 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes the synthesis of asparagine (Asn) from aspartate and glutamine. Biallelic mutations in the ASNS gene result in ASNS Deficiency (ASNSD). Children with ASNSD exhibit congenital microcephaly, epileptic-like seizures, and continued brain atrophy, often leading to premature mortality. This report describes a 4-year-old male with global developmental delay and seizures with two novel mutations in the ASNS gene, c.614A > C (maternal) and c.1192dupT (paternal) encoding p.H205P and p.Y398Lfs*4 variants, respectively. We employed the novel use of immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) to show that the proliferation of the heterozygotic parental LCL was not severely affected by culture in Asn-free medium, but growth of the child's cells was suppressed by about 50%. Asn production by the LCL from both the father and the child was significantly decreased relative to the mother's cells. mRNA and protein analysis of the paternal LCL cells for the Y398Lfs*4 variant revealed reductions in both. Attempts to ectopically express the truncated Y398Lfs*4 variant in either HEK293T or ASNS-null cells resulted in little or no detectable protein. Expression and purification of the H205P variant from HEK293T cells revealed enzymatic activity similar to wild-type ASNS. Stable expression of WT ASNS rescued the growth of ASNS-null JRS cells in Asn-free medium and the H205P variant was only slightly less effective. However, the Y398Lfs*4 variant appeared to be unstable in JRS cells. These results indicate that co-expression of the H205P and Y398Lfs*4 variants leads to a significant reduction in Asn synthesis and cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Staklinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- School of Biological SciencesCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mario C. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rebecca C. Ahrens‐Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shagun Kaur
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arianna K. Stefanatos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth E. Dudenhausen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Michael S. Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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19
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Zhao Y, Chang Z, Hu B, Zhang Q, Zhang D, He C, Guo Y, Peng Z, Chen C, Chen Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of leukemogenic SHP2 mutations in biosynthesis of amino acids signaling. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1090542. [PMID: 36793607 PMCID: PMC9922838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1090542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of SHP2, especially D61Y and E76K, lead to the development of neoplasms in hematopoietic cells. Previously, we found that SHP2-D61Y and -E76K confer HCD-57 cells cytokine-independent survival and proliferation via activation of MAPK pathway. Metabolic reprogramming is likely to be involved in leukemogenesis led by mutant SHP2. However, detailed pathways or key genes of altered metabolisms are unknown in leukemia cells expressing mutant SHP2. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis to identify dysregulated metabolic pathways and key genes using HCD-57 transformed by mutant SHP2. A total of 2443 and 2273 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HCD-57 expressing SHP2-D61Y and -E76K compared with parental cells as the control, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Reactome enrichment analysis showed that a large proportion of DEGs were involved in the metabolism process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were the mostly enriched in glutathione metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids in metabolic pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the expression of mutant SHP2 led to a significant activation of biosynthesis of amino acids pathway in HCD-57 expressing mutant SHP2 compared with the control. Particularly, we found that ASNS, PHGDH, PSAT1, and SHMT2 involved in the biosynthesis of asparagine, serine, and glycine were remarkably up-regulated. Together, these transcriptome profiling data provided new insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying mutant SHP2-driven leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbing Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao He
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology, Taixin Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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20
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Punter KB, Chu C, Chan EYW. Mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation as critical targets in cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:ERC-22-0229. [PMID: 36356297 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognised that cancer cells critically depend on reprogrammed patterns of metabolism that can enable robust and abnormally high levels of cell proliferation. As mitochondria form hubs of cellular metabolic activity, it is reasonable to propose that pathways within these organelles can form targets that can be manipulated to compromise the ability of cancer cells to cause disease. However, mitochondria are highly multi-functional, and the full range of mechanistic inter-connections are still being unravelled to enable the full potential of targeting mitochondria in cancer therapeutics. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of modulating mitochondrial dynamics to target key metabolic or apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Distinct roles have been demonstrated for mitochondrial fission and fusion in different cancer contexts. Targeting of factors mediating mitochondrial dynamics may be directly related to impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, which is essential to sustain cancer cell growth and can also alter sensitivity to chemotherapeutic compounds. This area is still lacking a unified model, although further investigation will more comprehensively map the underlying molecular mechanisms to enable better rational therapeutic strategies based on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee B Punter
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Charles Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Edmond Y W Chan
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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21
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Analysis of Enzyme Activity and Cellular Function for the N80S and S480F Asparagine Synthetase Variants Expressed in a Child with Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010559. [PMID: 36613999 PMCID: PMC9820069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) is a disease caused by mutations in asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Newborns exhibit microcephaly, intractable epileptic-like seizures, progressive brain atrophy, and axial hypotonia. ASNSD results in global developmental delays and premature death. The present report describes a 9-year-old child who is a compound heterozygote with ASNS mutations c.1439C > T and c.239A > G leading to variants p.S480F and p.N80S, respectively. When grown in a complete culture medium, primary fibroblasts from the child contained ASNS mRNA and protein levels similar to an unrelated wild-type fibroblast cell line. When the child’s fibroblasts were cultured for up to 72 h in a medium lacking asparagine, proliferation was reduced by about 50%. Purification of ASNS proteins harboring either the S480F or the N80S substitution had reduced enzymatic activity by 80% and 50%, respectively. Ectopic expression of either variant in ASNS-null Jensen rat sarcoma (JRS) cells did not support proliferation in the absence of medium-supplied asparagine, whereas expression of wild-type enzyme completely restored growth. These studies add to the list of pathogenic ASNS variants and use enzyme activity and protein expression in ASNS-null cells to expand our knowledge of the biological impact of mutations in the ASNS gene.
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22
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Wild SA, Cannell IG, Nicholls A, Kania K, Bressan D, Hannon GJ, Sawicka K. Clonal transcriptomics identifies mechanisms of chemoresistance and empowers rational design of combination therapies. eLife 2022; 11:e80981. [PMID: 36525288 PMCID: PMC9757829 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity is thought to be a major barrier to successful cancer treatment due to the presence of drug resistant clonal lineages. However, identifying the characteristics of such lineages that underpin resistance to therapy has remained challenging. Here, we utilise clonal transcriptomics with WILD-seq; Wholistic Interrogation of Lineage Dynamics by sequencing, in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to understand response and resistance to therapy, including BET bromodomain inhibition and taxane-based chemotherapy. These analyses revealed oxidative stress protection by NRF2 as a major mechanism of taxane resistance and led to the discovery that our tumour models are collaterally sensitive to asparagine deprivation therapy using the clinical stage drug L-asparaginase after frontline treatment with docetaxel. In summary, clonal transcriptomics with WILD-seq identifies mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy that are also operative in patients and pin points asparagine bioavailability as a druggable vulnerability of taxane-resistant lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Wild
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian G Cannell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashley Nicholls
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Kania
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Dario Bressan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Sawicka
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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23
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Safrhansova L, Hlozkova K, Starkova J. Targeting amino acid metabolism in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:37-79. [PMID: 36283767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells. This phenomenon sustains uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by increasing nutrients and energy supply. However, reprogramming comes together with vulnerabilities that can be used against tumor and can be applied in targeted therapy. In the last years, the genetic background of tumors has been identified thoroughly and new therapies targeting those mutations tested. Nevertheless, we propose that targeting the phenotype of cancer cells could be another way of treatment aiming to avoid drug resistance and non-responsiveness of cancer patients. Amino acid metabolism is part of the altered processes in cancer cells. Amino acids are building blocks and also sensors of signaling pathways regulating main biological processes. In this comprehensive review, we described four amino acids (asparagine, arginine, methionine, and cysteine) which have been actively investigated as potential targets for anti-tumor therapy. Asparagine depletion is successfully used for decades in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and there is a strong implication to apply it to other types of tumors. Arginine auxotrophic tumors are great candidates for arginine-starvation therapy. Higher requirement for essential amino acids such as methionine and cysteine point out promising targetable weaknesses of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Safrhansova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Staklinski SJ, Chang MC, Yu F, Collins Ruff K, Franz DN, Qian Z, Bloom LB, Merritt ME, McKenna R, Kilberg MS. Cellular and molecular characterization of two novel asparagine synthetase gene mutations linked to asparagine synthetase deficiency. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102385. [PMID: 35985424 PMCID: PMC9478401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes synthesis of asparagine (Asn) and Glu from Asp and Gln in an ATP-dependent reaction. Asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD) results from biallelic mutations in the ASNS gene. Affected children exhibit congenital microcephaly, continued brain atrophy, seizures, and often premature mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This report describes a compound heterozygotic ASNSD child with two novel mutations in the ASNS gene, c.1118G>T (paternal) and c.1556G>A (maternal), that lead to G373V or R519H ASNS variants. Structural mapping suggested that neither variant participates directly in catalysis. Growth of cultured fibroblasts from either parent was unaffected in Asn-free medium, whereas growth of the child's cells was suppressed by about 50%. Analysis of Asn levels unexpectedly revealed that extracellular rather than intracellular Asn correlated with the reduced proliferation during incubation of the child's cells in Asn-free medium. Our attempts to ectopically express the G373V variant in either HEK293T or JRS cells resulted in minimal protein production, suggesting instability. Protein expression and purification from HEK293T cells revealed reduced activity for the R519H variant relative to WT ASNS. Expression of WT ASNS in ASNS-null JRS cells resulted in nearly complete rescue of growth in Asn-free medium, whereas we observed no proliferation for the cells expressing either the G373V or R519H variant. These results support the conclusion that the coexpression of the G373V and R519H ASNS variants leads to significantly reduced Asn synthesis, which negatively impacts cellular growth. These observations are consistent with the ASNSD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Staklinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kathleen Collins Ruff
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David N Franz
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Department of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Linda B Bloom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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25
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Gan X, Liu R, Cheng H, Mao W, Feng N, Chen M. ASNS can predict the poor prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882888. [PMID: 36052245 PMCID: PMC9424662 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system. This study was conducted to discover a new target that can predict the prognosis and promote the treatment of ccRCC. Methods The raw data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the predictive value of ASNS for various clinicopathological features was verified in the following analysis. Then, we analyzed the potential involvement of ASNS in tumor immunity and obtained the possible pathways involving ASNS through GO/KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA. We also further verified our findings in pathological specimens of ccRCC patients. Results ASNS expression was significantly increased in ccRCC, which was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics. It was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in 535 patients with ccRCC. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that ASNS expression was related to T lymphocyte infiltration of tumors and poor prognosis. Moreover, we performed relevant functional enrichment analyses of ASNS. Conclusions ASNS might play a significant role in the development and immune cell infiltration of ccRCC and serve as a valuable clinical prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Gan
- Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiji Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Cheng, ; Ninghan Feng, ; Weipu Mao, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Cheng, ; Ninghan Feng, ; Weipu Mao, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Cheng, ; Ninghan Feng, ; Weipu Mao, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Lishui District People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Cheng, ; Ninghan Feng, ; Weipu Mao, ; Ming Chen,
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26
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Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of an L-Asparaginase from Isolated Escherichia coli MF-107 as an Anti-Tumor Enzyme on MCF7 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:279-90. [PMID: 35690915 PMCID: PMC9432472 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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27
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Du Z, Li T, Huang J, Chen Y, Chen C. Arginase: Mechanisms and Clinical Application in Hematologic Malignancy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905893. [PMID: 35814439 PMCID: PMC9260017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to normal tissues and cells, the metabolic patterns of tumor illnesses are more complex, and there are hallmarks of metabolic reprogramming in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. When tumor cells are in a state of fast growth, they are susceptible to food shortage, resulting in growth suppression. Using this metabolic sensitivity of tumor cells to construct amino acid consumption therapy does not harm the function of normal cells, which is the focus of metabolic therapy research at the moment. As a non-essential amino acid, arginine is involved in numerous crucial biological processes, including the signaling system, cell proliferation, and material metabolism. Rapidly dividing tumor cells are more likely to be deficient in arginine; hence, utilizing arginase to consume arginine can suppress tumor growth. Due to the absence of arginine succinate synthase, arginine succinate lyase, and ornithine carbamoyl transferase in some blood tumors, arginases may be employed to treat blood tumors. By investigating the mechanism of arginase treatment and the mechanism of drug resistance in greater depth, arginase treatment becomes more successful in hematological cancers and a new anti-cancer agent in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Du
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Chen, ; Chun Chen,
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Chen, ; Chun Chen,
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28
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Chemoresistant Cancer Cell Lines Are Characterized by Migratory, Amino Acid Metabolism, Protein Catabolism and IFN1 Signalling Perturbations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112763. [PMID: 35681748 PMCID: PMC9179525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While chemoresistance remains a major barrier to improving the outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer, the molecular features, and associated biological functions, which underpin chemoresistance in ovarian cancer remain poorly understood. In this study we aimed to provide insight into the proteins and metabolites, and their associated biological pathways, which play a role in conferring chemoresistance to ovarian cancer. Through mass spectrometry analysis comparing the proteome and metabolome of chemosensitive vs chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines we revealed numerous perturbations in signalling and metabolic pathways in chemoresistant cells. Further comparison to primary cells taken from patients with chemoresistant or chemosensitive disease identified a shared dysregulation in cytokine and type 1 interferon signalling. Our research sets the foundation for a deeper understanding of the proteomic and metabolomic features of chemoresistance and identifies type 1 interferon signalling as a common feature of chemoresistance. Abstract Chemoresistance remains the major barrier to effective ovarian cancer treatment. The molecular features and associated biological functions of this phenotype remain poorly understood. We developed carboplatin-resistant cell line models using OVCAR5 and CaOV3 cell lines with the aim of identifying chemoresistance-specific molecular features. Chemotaxis and CAM invasion assays revealed enhanced migratory and invasive potential in OVCAR5-resistant, compared to parental cell lines. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to analyse the metabolome and proteome of these cell lines, and was able to separate these populations based on their molecular features. It revealed signalling and metabolic perturbations in the chemoresistant cell lines. A comparison with the proteome of patient-derived primary ovarian cancer cells grown in culture showed a shared dysregulation of cytokine and type 1 interferon signalling, potentially revealing a common molecular feature of chemoresistance. A comprehensive analysis of a larger patient cohort, including advanced in vitro and in vivo models, promises to assist with better understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and the associated enhancement of migration and invasion.
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29
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Pitera AP, Szaruga M, Peak‐Chew S, Wingett SW, Bertolotti A. Cellular responses to halofuginone reveal a vulnerability of the GCN2 branch of the integrated stress response. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109985. [PMID: 35466425 PMCID: PMC9156968 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halofuginone (HF) is a phase 2 clinical compound that inhibits the glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS) thereby inducing the integrated stress response (ISR). Here, we report that halofuginone indeed triggers the predicted canonical ISR adaptations, consisting of attenuation of protein synthesis and gene expression reprogramming. However, the former is surprisingly atypical and occurs to a similar magnitude in wild-type cells, cells lacking GCN2 and those incapable of phosphorylating eIF2α. Proline supplementation rescues the observed HF-induced changes indicating that they result from inhibition of EPRS. The failure of the GCN2-to-eIF2α pathway to elicit a measurable protective attenuation of translation initiation allows translation elongation defects to prevail upon HF treatment. Exploiting this vulnerability of the ISR, we show that cancer cells with increased proline dependency are more sensitive to halofuginone. This work reveals that the consequences of EPRS inhibition are more complex than anticipated and provides novel insights into ISR signaling, as well as a molecular framework to guide the targeted development of halofuginone as a therapeutic.
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30
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Alexandrova SS, Gladilina YA, Pokrovskaya MV, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. [Mechanisms of development of side effects and drug resistance to asparaginase and ways to overcome them]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:104-116. [PMID: 35485484 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents against acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of blood cancer. To date, both asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi), used in hematology, induce chemoresistance in cancer cells and side effects in the form of hypersensitivity of immune reactions. Leukemic cells may be resistant to asparaginase due to the increased activity of asparagine synthetase and other mechanisms associated with resistance to asparaginase. Therefore, the search for new sources of L-asparaginases with improved pharmacological properties remains a promising and prospective study. This article discusses the mechanisms of development of resistance and drug resistance to L-asparaginase, as well as possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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31
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An intractable epilepsy phenotype of ASNS novel mutation in two patients with asparagine synthase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:331-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Wang N, Ji W, Wang L, Wu W, Zhang W, Wu Q, Du W, Bai H, Peng B, Ma B, Li L. Overview of the structure, side effects, and activity assays of l-asparaginase as a therapy drug of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:117-128. [PMID: 35308022 PMCID: PMC8864486 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-ASNase is the abbreviation, l-asparagine aminohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that is clinically employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although l-ASNase is known to deplete l-asparagine (l-Asn), causing cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, the specific molecular signaling pathways are not well defined. Because of the deficiencies in the production and administration of current formulations, the l-ASNase agent in clinical use is still associated with serious side effects, so controlling its dose and activity monitoring during therapy is crucial for improving the treatment success rate. Accordingly, it is urgent to summarize and develop effective analytical methods to detect l-ASNase activity in treatment. However, current reports on these detection methods are fragmented and also have not been systematically summarized and classified, thereby not only delaying the investigations of specific molecular mechanisms, but also hindering the development of novel detection methods. Herein, in this review, we provided a detailed summary of the l-ASNase structures, antitumor mechanism and side effects, and current detection approaches, such as fluorescence assays, colorimetric assays, spectroscopic assays and some other assays. All of them possess unique advantages and disadvantages, so it has been difficult to establish clear criteria for clinical application. We hope that this review will be of some value in promoting the development of l-ASNase activity detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
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Van Trimpont M, Peeters E, De Visser Y, Schalk AM, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Lavie A, Lammens T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P. Novel Insights on the Use of L-Asparaginase as an Efficient and Safe Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040902. [PMID: 35205650 PMCID: PMC8870365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) therapy is key for achieving the very high cure rate of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet its use is mostly confined to this indication. One main reason preventing the expansion of today’s FDA-approved L-ASNases to solid cancers is their high toxicity and side effects, which become especially challenging in adult patients. The design of optimized L-ASNase molecules provides opportunities to overcome these unwanted toxicities. An additional challenge to broader application of L-ASNases is how cells can counter the pharmacological effect of this drug and the identification of L-ASNases resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability, with a focus on both hematological and solid tumors. Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that hydrolyses the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Systemic administration of bacterial L-ASNase is successfully used to lower the bioavailability of this non-essential amino acid and to eradicate rapidly proliferating cancer cells with a high demand for exogenous asparagine. Currently, it is a cornerstone drug in the treatment of the most common pediatric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since these lymphoblasts lack the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), these cells depend on the uptake of extracellular asparagine for survival. Interestingly, recent reports have illustrated that L-ASNase may also have clinical potential for the treatment of other aggressive subtypes of hematological or solid cancers. However, immunogenic and other severe adverse side effects limit optimal clinical use and often lead to treatment discontinuation. The design of optimized and novel L-ASNase formulations provides opportunities to overcome these limitations. In addition, identification of multiple L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, including ASNS promoter reactivation and desensitization, has fueled research into promising novel drug combinations to overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance both in hematological and solid tumors, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Van Trimpont
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Peeters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanti De Visser
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Shen X, Cai Y, Lu L, Huang H, Yan H, Paty PB, Muca E, Ahuja N, Zhang Y, Johnson CH, Khan SA. Asparagine Metabolism in Tumors Is Linked to Poor Survival in Females with Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020164. [PMID: 35208238 PMCID: PMC8875032 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the sex-specific differences in tumor metabolome and colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis has never been studied and represents an opportunity to improve patient outcomes. This study examines the link between tumor metabolome and prognosis by sex for CRC patients. Using untargeted metabolomics analysis, abundances of 91 metabolites were obtained from primary tumor tissues from 197 patients (N = 95 females, N = 102 males) after surgical colectomy for stage I-III CRC. Cox Proportional hazard (PH) regression models estimated the associations between tumor metabolome and 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and their interactions with sex. Eleven metabolites had significant sex differences in their associations with 5-year OS, and five metabolites for 5-year RFS. The metabolites asparagine and serine had sex interactions for both OS and RFS. Furthermore, in the asparagine synthetase (ASNS)-catalyzed asparagine synthesis pathway, asparagine was associated with substantially poorer OS (HR (95% CI): 6.39 (1.78–22.91)) and RFS (HR (95% CI): 4.36 (1.39–13.68)) for female patients only. Similar prognostic disadvantages in females were seen in lysophospholipid and polyamine synthesis. Unique metabolite profiles indicated that increased asparagine synthesis was associated with poorer prognosis for females only, providing insight into precision medicine for CRC treatment stratified by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (X.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Yuping Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Y.C.); (H.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (X.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Y.C.); (H.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Y.C.); (H.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Philip B. Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (P.B.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Engjel Muca
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (P.B.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Y.C.); (H.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Y.C.); (H.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.J.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Sajid A. Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.H.J.); (S.A.K.)
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Al Yousef SA. Fusarium sp. L-asparaginases: purification, characterization, and potential assessment as an antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11243-11254. [PMID: 34532809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginases important role in the treatment of leukemia. It is part of chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia in the last three decades. L-Asparaginase is isolated from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil and purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G 100. Characterization of the crude enzyme revealed it is a metalloprotease inhibited by EDTA. Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ also inhibited the enzyme. Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ activated L-asparaginase. Furthermore, kinetic studies of purified enzyme were carried out. Vmax and Km were 0.031 M and 454 U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature was 30 °C and the optimum pH was 7. Concerning substrate specificity, gelatin and casein in addition to L-asparagine were tested. The enzyme was found to be nonspecific that could hydrolyze all tested substrates at different rates. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the case of L-asparagine, followed by casein and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weight of L-asparaginase was 22.5 kDa. The antileukemic cytotoxicity assay of the enzyme against RAW2674 leukemic cell lines by MTT viability test was estimated. The enzyme exhibited antileukemic activity with IC50 of 50.1 UmL-1. The current work presents additional information regarding the purification and characterization of the enzyme produced by Fusarium sp. and its evaluation as a potential antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Al Yousef
- Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin, 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
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Hennigan JN, Lynch MD. The past, present, and future of enzyme-based therapies. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:117-133. [PMID: 34537332 PMCID: PMC8714691 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-based therapeutics (EBTs) have the potential to tap into an almost unmeasurable amount of enzyme biodiversity and treat myriad conditions. Although EBTs were some of the first biologics used clinically, the rate of development of newer EBTs has lagged behind that of other biologics. Here, we review the history of EBTs, and discuss the state of each class of EBT, their potential clinical advantages, and the unique challenges to their development. Additionally, we discuss key remaining technical barriers that, if addressed, could increase the diversity and rate of the development of EBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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37
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Di Stasio F, Faraguna MC, Di Marco S, Crescitelli V, Iascone M, Florio S, Peruzzi C, Gasperini S. A Neuro-metabolic Syndrome that Needs to Be Discovered: A Child with Late Onset Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAsparagine synthetase (ASNS) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in ASNS—a gene encoding asparagine synthetase. It has mainly been described as a neurological phenotype manifesting as severe developmental delay, congenital microcephaly, spasticity, and refractory seizures; it is not associated with any specific dysmorphisms. ASNS deficiency leads to the inability to synthesize a nonessential amino acid in the brain, this explains why the symptoms are primarily neurological. The accumulation of aspartate/glutamate causes increased neuronal apoptosis leading to brain atrophy and increased neuronal excitability leading to seizures. Asparagine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are not reliable biomarkers for this disorder, therefore diagnosis is mainly obtained by molecular genetics. This disorder is associated with a poor prognosis and there is no treatment except supportive therapy. Prenatal diagnosis is possible. We report a case of a later onset form, c.146G > A (p.Arg49Gln) variant in the ASNS gene detected by molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing; the patient's clinical presentation included microcephaly, regression of developmental milestones, epilepsy, and hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Di Stasio
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Santo Di Marco
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Viola Crescitelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Santa Florio
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Peruzzi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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38
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Almeida MR, Cristóvão RO, Barros MA, Nunes JCF, Boaventura RAR, Loureiro JM, Faria JL, Neves MC, Freire MG, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Tavares APM, Silva CG. Superior operational stability of immobilized L-asparaginase over surface-modified carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21529. [PMID: 34728685 PMCID: PMC8563809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the L-asparagine hydrolysis into L-aspartic acid and ammonia, being mainly applied in pharmaceutical and food industries. However, some disadvantages are associated with its free form, such as the ASNase short half-life, which may be overcome by enzyme immobilization. In this work, the immobilization of ASNase by adsorption over pristine and modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated, the latter corresponding to functionalized MWCNTs through a hydrothermal oxidation treatment. Different operating conditions, including pH, contact time and ASNase/MWCNT mass ratio, as well as the operational stability of the immobilized ASNase, were evaluated. For comparison purposes, data regarding the ASNase immobilization with pristine MWCNT was detailed. The characterization of the ASNase-MWCNT bioconjugate was addressed using different techniques, namely Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Functionalized MWCNTs showed promising results, with an immobilization yield and a relative recovered activity of commercial ASNase above 95% under the optimized adsorption conditions (pH 8, 60 min of contact and 1.5 × 10-3 g mL-1 of ASNase). The ASNase-MWCNT bioconjugate also showed improved enzyme operational stability (6 consecutive reaction cycles without activity loss), paving the way for its use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda R Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel O Cristóvão
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Barros
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - João C F Nunes
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M Loureiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia C Neves
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Zhang W, Guo X, Ren J, Chen Y, Wang J, Gao A. Glycine/glycine N-methyltransferase/sarcosine axis mediates benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115682. [PMID: 34418406 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzene, an important and widely used industrial chemical, is the cause of different types of blood disorders. However, the mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of benzene on metabolism, especially in amino acid metabolism, in human peripheral blood B lymphocyte cells (AHH-1 cells) treated with 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) and in benzene-exposed population based on the un-targeted and targeted metabolomics platforms. The results showed that 1,4-BQ disturbed the metabolic activity, such as arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways, and significantly upregulated the ratio of sarcosine/glycine in vitro. Meanwhile, the targeted metabolomics further showed that the ratio of sarcosine/glycine was also increased in the benzene exposure population. Notably, the expression of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), an enzyme catalyzing the transformation of glycine to sarcosine, was upregulated both in 1,4-BQ treated AHH-1 cells and benzene-exposed workers. These results imply that the glycine/GNMT/sarcosine axis was involved in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Such evidence will help to develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of benzene-induced hematotoxicity at the level of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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40
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Mutant p53-reactivating compound APR-246 synergizes with asparaginase in inducing growth suppression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:709. [PMID: 34267184 PMCID: PMC8282662 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase depletes extracellular asparagine in the blood and is an important treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to asparagine auxotrophy of ALL blasts. Unfortunately, resistance occurs and has been linked to expression of the enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which generates asparagine from intracellular sources. Although TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer overall, TP53 mutations are rare in ALL. However, TP53 mutation is associated with poor therapy response and occurs at higher frequency in relapsed ALL. The mutant p53-reactivating compound APR-246 (Eprenetapopt/PRIMA-1Met) is currently being tested in phase II and III clinical trials in several hematological malignancies with mutant TP53. Here we present CEllular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) data indicating that ASNS is a direct or indirect target of APR-246 via the active product methylene quinuclidinone (MQ). Furthermore, combination treatment with asparaginase and APR-246 resulted in synergistic growth suppression in ALL cell lines. Our results thus suggest a potential novel treatment strategy for ALL.
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41
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Soares RAN, Vargas G, Duffield T, Schenkel F, Squires EJ. Genome-wide association study and functional analyses for clinical and subclinical ketosis in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10076-10089. [PMID: 34099305 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases in high-yielding dairy cows and is characterized by high concentrations of ketone bodies in blood, urine, and milk, causing high economic losses. The search for polymorphic genes, whose alleles have different effects on resistance to developing the disease, is of extreme importance to help select less susceptible animals. The aims of this study were to identify genomic regions associated with clinical and subclinical ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate concentration) in North American Holstein dairy cattle and to investigate these regions to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways associated with these traits. To achieve this, a GWAS was performed for 4 traits: clinical ketosis lactation 1, clinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5, subclinical ketosis lactation 1, and subclinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5. The estimated breeding values from 77,277 cows and 7,704 bulls were deregressed and used as pseudophenotypes in the GWAS. The top-20 genomic regions explaining the largest proportion of the genetic variance were investigated for putative genes associated with the traits through functional analyses. Regions of interest were identified on chromosomes 2, 5, and 6 for clinical ketosis lactation 1; 3, 6, and 7 for clinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5; 1, 2, and 12 for subclinical ketosis lactation 1; and 20, 11, and 25 for subclinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5. The highlighted genes potentially related to clinical and subclinical ketosis included ACAT2 and IGF1. Enrichment analysis of the list of candidate genes for clinical and subclinical ketosis showed molecular functions and biological processes involved in fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response in dairy cattle. Several genomic regions and SNPs related to susceptibility to ketosis in dairy cattle that were previously described in other studies were confirmed. The novel genomic regions identified in this study aid to characterize the most important genes and pathways that explain the susceptibility to clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A N Soares
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - G Vargas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - T Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - F Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - E J Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Goodenough CG, Partin RE, Ness KK. Skeletal Muscle and Childhood Cancer: Where are we now and where we go from here. AGING AND CANCER 2021; 2:13-35. [PMID: 34541550 PMCID: PMC8445321 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (muscle) is essential for physical health and for metabolic integrity, with sarcopenia (progressive muscle mass loss and weakness), a pre-curser of aging and chronic disease. Loss of lean mass and muscle quality (force generation per unit of muscle) in the general population are associated with fatigue, weakness, and slowed walking speed, eventually interfering with the ability to maintain physical independence, and impacting participation in social roles and quality of life. Muscle mass and strength impairments are also documented during childhood cancer treatment, which often persist into adult survivorship, and contribute to an aging phenotype in this vulnerable population. Although several treatment exposures appear to confer increased risk for loss of mass and strength that persists after therapy, the pathophysiology responsible for poor muscle quantity and quality is not well understood in the childhood cancer survivor population. This is partly due to limited access to both pediatric and adult survivor muscle tissue samples, and to difficulties surrounding non-invasive investigative approaches for muscle assessment. Because muscle accounts for just under half of the body's mass, and is essential for movement, metabolism and metabolic health, understanding mechanisms of injury responsible for both initial and persistent dysfunction is important, and will provide a foundation for intervention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the available evidence describing associations between childhood cancer, its treatment, and muscle outcomes, identifying gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea G. Goodenough
- Epidemiology and Cancer Control Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robyn E. Partin
- Epidemiology and Cancer Control Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten K. Ness
- Epidemiology and Cancer Control Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Apfel V, Begue D, Cordo' V, Holzer L, Martinuzzi L, Buhles A, Kerr G, Barbosa I, Naumann U, Piquet M, Ruddy D, Weiss A, Ferretti S, Almeida R, Bonenfant D, Tordella L, Galli GG. Therapeutic Assessment of Targeting ASNS Combined with l-Asparaginase Treatment in Solid Tumors and Investigation of Resistance Mechanisms. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:327-337. [PMID: 33615182 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine deprivation by l-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an effective therapeutic strategy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with resistance occurring due to upregulation of ASNS, the only human enzyme synthetizing asparagine (Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2006, 75 (1), 629-654). l-Asparaginase efficacy in solid tumors is limited by dose-related toxicities (OncoTargets and Therapy 2017, pp 1413-1422). Large-scale loss of function genetic in vitro screens identified ASNS as a cancer dependency in several solid malignancies (Cell 2017, 170 (3), 564-576.e16. Cell 2017, 170 (3), 577-592.e10). Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting ASNS in melanoma cells. While we confirm in vitro dependency on ASNS silencing, this is largely dispensable for in vivo tumor growth, even in the face of asparagine deprivation, prompting us to characterize such a resistance mechanism to devise novel therapeutic strategies. Using ex vivo quantitative proteome and transcriptome profiling, we characterize the compensatory mechanism elicited by ASNS knockout melanoma cells allowing their survival. Mechanistically, a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that such a resistance mechanism is elicited by a dual axis: GCN2-ATF4 aimed at restoring amino acid levels and MAPK-BCLXL to promote survival. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of such nodes synergizes with l-asparaginase-mediated asparagine deprivation in ASNS deficient cells suggesting novel potential therapeutic combinations in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Apfel
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Begue
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cordo'
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Holzer
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Martinuzzi
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ines Barbosa
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Piquet
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139United States
| | - David Ruddy
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139United States
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Ferretti
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinaldo Almeida
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora Bonenfant
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tordella
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio G Galli
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Bauer C, Quante M, Breunis WB, Regina C, Schneider M, Andrieux G, Gorka O, Groß O, Boerries M, Kammerer B, Hettmer S. Lack of Electron Acceptors Contributes to Redox Stress and Growth Arrest in Asparagine-Starved Sarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030412. [PMID: 33499165 PMCID: PMC7865502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are integral components of cancer metabolism. The non-essential amino acid asparagine supports the growth and survival of various cancer cell types. Here, different mass spectrometry approaches were employed to identify lower aspartate levels, higher aspartate/glutamine ratios and lower tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite levels in asparagine-deprived sarcoma cells. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) ratios were consistent with redirection of TCA cycle flux and relative electron acceptor deficiency. Elevated lactate/pyruvate ratios may be due to compensatory NAD+ regeneration through increased pyruvate to lactate conversion by lactate dehydrogenase. Supplementation with exogenous pyruvate, which serves as an electron acceptor, restored aspartate levels, NAD+/NADH ratios, lactate/pyruvate ratios and cell growth in asparagine-deprived cells. Chemicals disrupting NAD+ regeneration in the electron transport chain further enhanced the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of asparagine depletion. We speculate that reductive stress may be a major contributor to the growth arrest observed in asparagine-starved cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bauer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.Q.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meret Quante
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.Q.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Willemijn B. Breunis
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, Steinwiessstrasse 75, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Carla Regina
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.Q.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Michaela Schneider
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.Q.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.A.); (M.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (O.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (O.G.); (O.G.)
- Signaling Research Center BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.A.); (M.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 49, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Center BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albertstraße 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (S.H.); Tel.: +49-761-203-97137 (B.K.); +49-761-270-45140 (S.H.); Fax: +49-761-203-97177 (B.K.); +49-761-270-45180 (S.H.)
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.Q.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 49, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albertstraße 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (S.H.); Tel.: +49-761-203-97137 (B.K.); +49-761-270-45140 (S.H.); Fax: +49-761-203-97177 (B.K.); +49-761-270-45180 (S.H.)
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45
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Wu J, Li G, Li L, Li D, Dong Z, Jiang P. Asparagine enhances LCK signalling to potentiate CD8 + T-cell activation and anti-tumour responses. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:75-86. [PMID: 33420490 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability is central for T-cell functions and immune responses. Here we report that CD8+ T-cell activation and anti-tumour responses are strongly potentiated by the non-essential amino acid Asn. Increased Asn levels enhance CD8+ T-cell activation and effector functions against tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, restriction of dietary Asn, ASNase administration or inhibition of the Asn transporter SLC1A5 impairs the activity and responses of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, Asn does not directly alter cellular metabolic fluxes; it instead binds the SRC-family protein tyrosine kinase LCK and orchestrates LCK phosphorylation at Tyr 394 and 505, thereby leading to enhanced LCK activity and T-cell-receptor signalling. Thus, our findings reveal a critical and metabolism-independent role for Asn in the direct modulation of the adaptive immune response by controlling T-cell activation and efficacy, and further uncover that LCK is a natural Asn sensor signalling Asn sufficiency to T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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46
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The metabolic importance of the overlooked asparaginase II pathway. Anal Biochem 2020; 644:114084. [PMID: 33347861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The asparaginase II pathway consists of an asparagine transaminase [l-asparagine + α-keto acid ⇆ α-ketosuccinamate + l-amino acid] coupled to ω-amidase [α-ketosuccinamate + H2O → oxaloacetate + NH4+]. The net reaction is: l-asparagine + α-keto acid + H2O → oxaloacetate + l-amino acid + NH4+. Thus, in the presence of a suitable α-keto acid substrate, the asparaginase II pathway generates anaplerotic oxaloacetate at the expense of readily dispensable asparagine. Several studies have shown that the asparaginase II pathway is important in photorespiration in plants. However, since its discovery in rat tissues in the 1950s, this pathway has been almost completely ignored as a conduit for asparagine metabolism in mammals. Several mammalian transaminases can catalyze transamination of asparagine, one of which - alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase type 1 (AGT1) - is important in glyoxylate metabolism. Glyoxylate is a precursor of oxalate which, in the form of its calcium salt, is a major contributor to the formation of kidney stones. Thus, transamination of glyoxylate with asparagine may be physiologically important for the removal of potentially toxic glyoxylate. Asparaginase has been the mainstay treatment for certain childhood leukemias. We suggest that an inhibitor of ω-amidase may potentiate the therapeutic benefits of asparaginase treatment.
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47
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Aydin H, Engin A, Keleş S, Ertemur Z, Hekim N. Glutamine depletion in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2983-2991. [PMID: 32281664 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease. There is not enough knowledge about plasma amino acid levels in CCHF. Therefore, we investigated plasma amino acid levels in patients with CCHF and the association between the levels of these amino acids and disease severity. The plasma amino acid levels (including glutamate [Glu], aspartate [Asp], glutamine [Gln], asparagine [Asn] and gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) in CCHF patients and controls were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma levels of Gln were lower while Asp, Glu, and GABA levels were higher in patients. In fatal CCHF patients, we found the plasma level of Asn was increased whereas the plasma level of GABA was decreased. This study is the first in the literature to evaluate the plasma Gln, Glu, Asn, Asp, and GABA levels in CCHF patients. We found that the plasma Gln levels were significantly lower in CCHF patients while Asp, Glu, and GABA levels were elevated. Considering that these amino acids are important for immune cells, the plasma amino acid levels of CCHF patients may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and it can be important for supportive treatment of CCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aynur Engin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sami Keleş
- Ahenk Medical Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ertemur
- Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nezih Hekim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biruni University, School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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48
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49
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Tabari D, Scholl C, Steffens M, Weickhardt S, Elgner F, Bender D, Herrlein ML, Sabino C, Semkova V, Peitz M, Till A, Brüstle O, Hildt E, Stingl J. Impact of Zika Virus Infection on Human Neural Stem Cell MicroRNA Signatures. Viruses 2020; 12:E1219. [PMID: 33121145 PMCID: PMC7693339 DOI: 10.3390/v12111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus, which can cause brain abnormalities in newborns, including microcephaly. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They are involved in various processes including neurological development and host responses to viral infection, but their potential role in ZIKV pathogenesis remains poorly understood. MiRNAs can be incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mediate cell-to-cell communication. While it is well known that in viral infections EVs carrying miRNAs can play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, ZIKV effects on EV-delivered miRNAs and their contribution to ZIKV pathogenesis have not been elucidated. In the present study, we profiled intracellular and EV-derived miRNAs by next generation sequencing and analyzed the host mRNA transcriptome of neural stem cells during infection with ZIKV Uganda and French Polynesia strains. We identified numerous miRNAs, including miR-4792, which were dysregulated at the intracellular level and had altered levels in EVs during ZIKV infection. Integrated analyses of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs showed that ZIKV infection had an impact on processes associated with neurodevelopment and oxidative stress. Our results provide insights into the roles of intracellular and EV-associated host miRNAs in ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denna Tabari
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Catharina Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Michael Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sandra Weickhardt
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Fabian Elgner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Marie-Luise Herrlein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Catarina Sabino
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Vesselina Semkova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
- Cell Programming Core Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53172 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Julia Stingl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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50
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Luo HH, Feng XF, Yang XL, Hou RQ, Fang ZZ. Interactive effects of asparagine and aspartate homeostasis with sex and age for the risk of type 2 diabetes risk. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:58. [PMID: 33092635 PMCID: PMC7579815 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparagine and aspartate homeostasis are linked with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to explore whether asparagine and aspartate metabolism interacted with sex and age to increase the risk of T2D. METHODS From 27 May 2015 to 3 August 2016, we consecutively retrieved 1032 T2D patients and 1522 subjects without T2D from a tertiary care hospital in Liaoning, China. Restricted cubic spline nested in the logistic regression was used to draw odds ratio curves of plasma asparagine to aspartate ratio for T2D by sex and age. Cut-off point was selected where curves went apart, indicating possible interaction. Addictive interactions of asparagine to aspartate ratio with sex or age and secondary interaction with copresence of unfavorable sex and age were further estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). RESULTS Ratio of asparagine to aspartate > 1.5 was associated with elevated risk of T2D (OR 7.99, 95%CI 5.50 to 11.6), which was enhanced by female gender to 13.6, (95%CI 8.10-22.9) and by > 50 years of age to 28.7 (14.6-56.3), with significant additive interactions. There was a significant secondary-interaction of copresence of female sex and > 50 years of age with high asparagine to aspartate ratio for increased T2D risk with the OR being further increased to 34.4 (20.5-57.5). CONCLUSIONS High asparagine to aspartate ratio was associated with markedly increased risk of T2D, which was further amplified by either female gender or > 50 years of age, and especially both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Huan Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi-Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Qin Hou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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