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Zaccari V, Mancini F, Rogier G. State of the art of the literature on definitions of self-criticism: a meta-review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1239696. [PMID: 38439797 PMCID: PMC10910096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1239696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several authors have developed important theoretical models on an important transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology: self-criticism (SC). Currently, there are substantial variations in the theoretical definition of SC. The lack of awareness of similarities and differences between models may in turn impact the comparison between empirical results, limiting their clinical implications. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify current trends in the field of SC and to explore whether these were approached and shaped by different conceptualizations of SC. Methods Core components of the most influential models of SC were identified. A meta-review was conducted searching for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses in the following databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed (all years up to 28 April 2023). Results Contributions were heterogeneous with respect to the definition of SC and the theoretical framework. Almost all systematic reviews poorly addressed the multidimensionality of SC. In addition, discrepancies between the definitions of SC provided and their operationalizations emerged. Conclusions The lack of dialogue between the different theoretical perspectives emerged from key contributions in the field of SC. Potential research questions to answer to stimulate this dialogue are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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2
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Vespa A, Giulietti MV, Fabbietti P, Di Rosa M, Gattafoni P, Berardi R, Arnaldi G, Balercia G, Spatuzzi R. Using temperament and character dimensions (TCI) to analyze the personality profiles of adults and older adults with cancer managed in outpatient settings. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1289093. [PMID: 38288360 PMCID: PMC10822941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1289093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate profiles of personality evaluated by temperament and character dimensions (TCI) in 638 adult and older adult patients (CP) who had recently been diagnosed with breast, colon, lung, and other kinds of cancer (female and male subjects were assessed). Tests: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Statistical analysis: cluster K-means analysis for personality traits. Results Two different personality profiles emerged: "Low self-determination and pessimism" (Profile 1) and "Self-determination and self-caring (medium)" (Profile 2). The following significant differences were observed in the TCI dimensions between the two profiles: Temperament-Novelty-Seeking (NS) (p < 0.001); Harm-Avoidance (HA) (p < 0.001); Reward-Dependence (RD) (p < 0.001); Persistence (PS) (p < 0.001); Character-Self-Directness (SD) (p < 0.001); Cooperativeness (C) (p > 0.001); Self-Transcendence (ST) (p < 0.001). No differences in the two profiles were found between adult and elderly patients. Profile 1 - "Low self-determination and pessimism": Patients with this profile present low resistance to frustration, poor search for novelty and solutions (NS), anxiety and pessimism (medium HA), high social attachment and dependence on the approval of others (medium-high RD), and low self-determination (PS) as temperament dimensions; and medium-low self-direction, low autonomy and ability to adapt (SD-medium-low), medium cooperativeness (C), and low self-transcendence (ST) as character dimensions. Profile 2 - "Self-determination and self-caring (medium)": Patients with this profile have resistance to frustration, ability to search for novelty and solutions (medium-NS), low anxiety and pessimism (HA), low social attachment and dependence on approval (medium-low-RD), and determination (medium-high PS) as dimensions of temperament; and autonomy and capacity for adaptation and self-direction (SD), capacity for cooperation (high-CO), and self-transcendence (medium-high-ST) as character dimensions. Conclusion Personality screening allows a better understanding of the difficulties of the individual patient and the planning of targeted psychotherapeutic interventions that promote quality of life and good adaptation to the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vespa
- Scientific and Technological Area, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Velia Giulietti
- Scientific and Technological Area, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Biostatistical Center, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Scientific Direction, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pisana Gattafoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Zhang X, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Skowron EA. Dynamic regulatory processes among child welfare parents: Temporal associations between physiology and parenting behavior. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37545381 PMCID: PMC10847384 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how temporal associations between parents' physiological and behavioral responses may reflect underlying regulatory difficulties in at-risk parenting. Time-series data of cardiac indices (second-by-second estimates of inter-beat intervals - IBI, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia - RSA) and parenting behaviors were obtained from 204 child welfare-involved parents (88% mothers, Mage = 32.32 years) during child-led play with their 3- to 7-year-old children (45.1% female; Mage = 4.76 years). Known risk factors for maltreatment, including parents' negative social cognitions, mental health symptoms, and inhibitory control problems, were examined as moderators of intra-individual physiology-behavior associations. Results of ordinary differential equations suggested increases in parents' cardiac arousal at moments when they showed positive parenting behaviors. In turn, higher arousal was associated with momentary decreases in both positive and negative parenting behaviors. Individual differences in these dynamic processes were identified in association with parental risk factors. In contrast, no sample-wide RSA-behavior associations were evident, but a pattern of increased positive parenting at moments of parasympathetic withdrawal emerged among parents showing more total positive parenting behaviors. This study illustrated an innovative and ecologically-valid approach to examining regulatory patterns that may shape parenting in real-time and identified mechanisms that should be addressed in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Zhang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Lauritzen LR, Faye Jacobsen C, Nielsen J, Lunn S, Mathiesen BB, Falkenström F, Poulsen S. Common factors, Responsiveness and Outcome in Psychotherapy (CROP): study protocol for a naturalistic prospective cohort study of psychotherapy in Denmark. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072277. [PMID: 37270190 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the Common factors, Responsiveness and Outcome in Psychotherapy (CROP) study is to identify client and psychologist characteristics and therapeutic processes associated with the outcome of psychotherapy delivered by psychologists employed in the Danish primary sector or fully self-employed. The study addresses two main questions. First, how are specific characteristics of clients and psychologists related to the outcome of therapy and do these characteristics moderate the outcome of different psychotherapeutic approaches? Second, to what extent do therapists adapt their approach to client characteristics and preferences and how does such responsiveness impact the process and outcome of therapy? METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a naturalistic prospective cohort study carried out in collaboration with psychologists in private practice in Denmark. Self-reported data are collected from the participating psychologists and their participating clients before, during (weekly and postsession) and after psychotherapy (at end of treatment and 3 months follow-up). The estimated target sample size is 573 clients. The data are analysed using multilevel modelling and structural equation modelling approaches to capture predictors and moderators of the effect and rate of change in psychotherapy as well as session-to-session changes during the therapy process. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the IRB at the Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen (IRB number: IP-IRB/01082018) and the Danish Data Protection Agency. All study data are fully anonymised and all clients have given informed consent to participation in the study. The study findings will be presented in articles in international, peer-reviewed journals as well as to psychotherapy practitioners and other professionals across Denmark. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05630560.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Lunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stig Poulsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vespa A, Giulietti M, Gattafoni P, Fabbietti P, Berardi R, Arnaldi G, Balercia G, Salvio G, Ricciuti M, Spatuzzi R. Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140) in adults and older adults with cancer managed in outpatient settings. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101416. [PMID: 36641835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vespa
- Scientific and Technological Area, Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy.
| | - MariaVelia Giulietti
- Scientific and Technological Area, Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pisana Gattafoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Biostatistical Center, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Woehrle PL, Critchfield KL, Anolik S, Bobal C, Pempek TA, Skowron EA. Multigenerational patterns of parenting-at-risk: A test of interpersonal specificity using copy process theory. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:186-200. [PMID: 35819800 PMCID: PMC9742119 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tests ways in which the perception of intergenerational continuity in parenting behaviors among child-maltreatment (CM) and non-CM families conform to Benjamin's (2006) Copy Process Theory, which considers three copy processes: Identification (be like him/her), Recapitulation (behave as if he/she is still present and in charge), and Introjection (treat myself as he/she treated me). METHOD Across two home visits and a laboratory session, 171 mothers of preschoolers (M = 3.7 years) completed the SASB Intrex Questionnaire relative to herself, her history with her parents, and her present relationship with her child. RESULTS Mothers' retrospective reports of her interactions with caregivers were correlated with the quality of self-reported parenting processes in interactions with her preschooler. Analyses indicated high rates of intergenerational copying in both samples for each copy process. While copying in general was observed in nearly all mothers (roughly 80%-90%) and emphasized warm, securely attached patterns, the copying of hostility and/or lack of affiliation occurred in copied profiles for about one-third of mothers. About the more problematic profiles, CM mothers tended to rate themselves as being in the child-like position they experienced in their own childhood, with themes involving hostile control perceived from their child. By contrast, non-CM mothers copied disaffiliative themes primarily in relation to themselves. CONCLUSION Findings verify that interpersonal patterns and internalized relational histories are important keys for understanding CM risk. The use of a method that offers interpersonal specificity at the level of individual profiles has application to clinical practice with at-risk parents.
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Stern RS, King AA, Diamond G. Repairing attachment in families with depressed adolescents: A task analysis. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:201-209. [PMID: 35751901 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This exploratory pilot study (N = 3 sessions, 793 speech units) used task analysis to refine an early model of the attachment task in attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). The attachment task aims to repair long-standing parent-adolescent relational ruptures that inhibit parents from being a resource for adolescents recovering from depression and/or suicidality. METHODS Video recordings of three attachment task sessions with strong adherence to the model were selected for intensive study. Two sessions were rated as successful (i.e., attachment was repaired) and one as unsuccessful (i.e., attachment repair did not occur). Sessions were then coded using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB). RESULTS The current SASB analysis provided empirical support for our previous clinical impression that the task involves three parts: (I) adolescent disclosure of attachment rupture, (II) parent disclosure, and (III) a more mutual conversation. SASB also provided insights into more subtle elements of the model. CONCLUSION Successful attachment sessions were associated with high parent affiliation and autonomy-both while affirming the adolescent's story and when disclosing their own experience. Unsuccessful task attempts were associated with parental enmeshment and hostile belittling, blaming, and distancing. An enhanced model of ideal parent behaviors during the attachment task is offered, including space for parent disclosure-perhaps even apology-that is both warm and independent, leading to a more mutual parent-adolescent conversation. Clinically, the findings support the importance of the therapist focusing on the process and quality of parent-child interactions to facilitate attachment repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Stern
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley A King
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guy Diamond
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Högdahl L, Birgegård A, Norring C, de Man Lapidoth J, Franko MA, Björck C. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimic eating disorders in a clinical setting: Results from a randomized trial with one-year follow-up. Internet Interv 2022; 31:100598. [PMID: 36588668 PMCID: PMC9801110 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those who suffer from eating disorders often experience serious impairment in quality of life and the majority never receive treatment. Treatment availability may be increased by implementing methods that demand less resources and are more easy accessible such as internet-based treatments, but knowledge about their effects is still insufficient. The study evaluated effects of two types of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and a structured day patient program, the latter being a standard treatment at an eating disorder clinic at the time for the study. METHODS 150 participants with bulimic eating disorders randomized to two types of internet based treatments (one pure online treatment and one based on a self-help guide in book-format) or an intensive 16-week day patient program. The number of participants that started treatment was 120 of which 98 in internet treatment and 22 in the day program. Outcome assessments were carried out at baseline, post treatment, and at one-year follow-up. RESULTS All treatments were associated with significantly improved eating disorder pathology, self-image, and clinical impairment. Although the day program generally showed larger effects, only one significant difference found was in diagnostic remission post treatment; 51 % of the participant was in remission in internet treatment and 88 % in the day program. At one-year follow-up, participants in the internet treatments had continued to improve, whereas in the day patient program the effect sustained. Internet treatment had a 36 % drop out rate, there were no dropouts found in the day program. CONCLUSIONS All treatments were comparable in effect at follow-up, suggesting that internet treatment is a conceivable alternative to standard treatment. Internet treatment in a book-based format was also equally effective as a pure online format. Internet delivered cognitive behavioral treatment forms can make important contributions to achieve increased access to treatment for patients with bulimic eating disorders. Future research and clinical implications for internet delivered treatments in eating disorder services are discussed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN44999017. The study was registered retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Högdahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 12A, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim de Man Lapidoth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,TioHundra AB, Department of Psychiatry, Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Mikael Andersson Franko
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Björck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Dai M, Hai S, Ge N, Zhang S, Huang M, Liu X, Li S, Yue J, Lei P, Dong B, Dai L, Dong B. Systematic metabolic characterization of mental disorders reveals age‐related metabolic disturbances as potential risk factors for depression in older adults. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e165. [PMID: 36204590 PMCID: PMC9523679 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data. Among them, S1 showed higher triacylglycerol and lower sphingomyelin, while S2 displayed opposite features. The metabolic profile of S3 was like that of the normal group. Compared with S3, individuals in S1 and S2 had worse quality of life, and suffered more from sleep and cognitive disorders. Notably, an assessment of 6,467 individuals from the WCHAT showed an age‐related increase in the incidence of depression. Seventeen depression‐related metabolites were significantly correlated with age, which were validated in an independent subcohort2. Collectively, this work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Miao Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shan Hai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ning Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mingjin Huang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang Sichuan Mental Health Center Mianyang China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Peng Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Critchfield KL, Harvell-Bowman L. Death anxiety and existential concerns among patients experiencing chronic or recurrent suicidal ideation in Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2022.2120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Westermann S, Sibilis A. Emergence and assessment of interpersonal experience and behavior in a nonverbal, generative, game-like paradigm. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 229:103689. [PMID: 35963113 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominance, hostility and autonomy are interpersonal phenomena that emerge from the complex dyadic interplay of two individuals reciprocally influencing each other. Assessing the complexity of interpersonal interactions usually involves its reduction, for example with self-report and observer-rated measures informed by the structural analysis of social behavior (SASB). In contrast, letting individuals generate a complex stream of interpersonal experience and behavior from moment to moment is an empirical approach not yet usual in interpersonal theory. In the present study, we developed and evaluated an interpersonal, generative paradigm that allows participants to interact nonverbally and spontaneously with a computer-controlled other player in real-time without the need for introspection or the capacity to verbalize potentially implicit interpersonal processes. In the game-like paradigm, participants use the keyboard to take over objects such as a handcar to move autonomously around and encounter interfering or freedom granting artificial other players. We expected that participants (1) experience the nonverbal so-called game mechanics of the paradigm as interpersonal in nature, (2) behave towards the other players in an interpersonally complementary way, and (3) are influenced by their own trait interpersonal expectations. During the paradigm, 40 participants appraised the majority of the game mechanics and computer-controlled other players as intended. Also, interpersonal traits affected the spontaneous behavior towards artificial characters. These findings corroborate the feasibility and validity of a generative assessment of interpersonal dynamics beyond self-reports and observer ratings. The paradigm paves the way for the empirical testing of formal, computational models of dyadic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Westermann
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Arne Sibilis
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
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Harvell-Bowman LA, Critchfield KL, Ndzana F, Stucker E, Yocca C, Wilgus K, Hurst A, Sullivan K. Of Love and Death: Death Anxiety, Attachment, and Suicide as Experienced by College Students. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221100636. [PMID: 35533365 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from the mental health crisis present on college campuses, we investigate the psychological processes associated with suicidal ideation among undergraduate students. Specifically, we used Terror Management Theory to investigate how individuals who have a history of suicidal ideation handle traditional death anxiety in coordination with Benjamin's theory underlying Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy to explore specific attachment-based mechanisms that may allow for exceptions to the perceived meaning of death. Results show it was the fantasy of suicide itself, including its relevance in the lives of others, that was used to alleviate fear of death among the suicidal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Hurst
- 3745James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Immaculata University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Vespa A, Giulietti MV, Fabbietti P, Di Rosa M, Gattafoni P, Sarzani R, Arnaldi G, Balercia G, Berardi R, Salvo G, Attademo L, Spatuzzi R. Structural Analysis of Social Behavior: Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Intrapsychic Personality Traits Associated With Depression in Women With Breast Cancer. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221103327. [PMID: 35968604 PMCID: PMC9379960 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate personality traits associated with depression
in breast cancer women (BCW). Methods Sample: 236 BCW recently diagnosed (early stages). Tests:
SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social-Behavior;
IPAT-CDQ-Depression. Statistical analysis: cluster
K-Means analysis to explore SASB personality-traits considering the 8 SASB
clusters (Cl); CDQ scores dichotomized by 50th percentile cutoff (high/low);
Pearson’s chi square test to compare CDQ levels and SASB traits. Results Cluster analysis results supported two distinguishable SASB personality
traits (for all SASB Cl-Scales P < .001) classified as
“Love and Autonomy” (62.2%) and “Control and Hate” (37.8%). Patients with
Love/Autonomy traits are spontaneous, accept their deepest feelings and
desire to be close to other people (Cl1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4). They show a medium
value of self-control and a low tendency to self-abusive and self-critical
behaviors (Cl5, Cl6). They pay attention to themselves and to their needs at
emotional and physical levels also if may be occasionally engaged in
self-destructive behaviors (Cl7, Cl8). Women with Control/Hate traits are
not spontaneous and do not always express emotions (C1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4) and
flexibility in their relationship with others (Cl5, Cl6). In stressful
situations, they may ignore the option of choices for self-growth and
neglect their needs and those of others (Cl7, Cl8). BCWs with Control/Hate
traits scored higher in depression (P <.001) than those
with the Love/Autonomy profile. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should be aware of these personality traits and
their association with depression to identify the psychologically most
vulnerable BCW and improve the care they provide them. The psychotherapeutic
intervention should be planned to face on the personality problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vespa
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Velia Giulietti
- Neurology-Department, Scientific and Technological Area, 9345INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Biostatistical Center, 9345INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Scientific Direction, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pisana Gattafoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sarzani
- Hypertension Excellence Centre ESH, Polytechnic University of Marche, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 9345INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, 9294Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, 9294Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, 9294Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Attademo
- Department of Mental Health, 89494ASP Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Spatuzzi
- Department of Mental Health, 89494ASP Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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14
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Critchfield KL, Thapa P, Panizo MT, Conceição N. Using interpersonal reconstructive therapy to address comorbid problems organized by attachment-based learning: The case of Don. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:396-408. [PMID: 34914841 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feature heterogeneity and diagnostic overlap occur regularly among patients in clinical settings. In interpersonal reconstructive therapy (IRT), a case formulation focused on patterns learned in close attachment relationships guides intervention choices. This study illustrates how IRT formulation and treatment proceed, and how it may also fail when there is not close adherence to underlying principles. Don is a music professor in his 40's with a significant trauma history and complex diagnostic profile that includes many hospitalizations and suicide attempts. He qualified for several diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders personality disorders via formal diagnostic interviews (obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, passive-aggressive, narcissistic), as well as major depression, generalized anxiety, and substance abuse. Don's formulation demonstrates how self-destruction can function as a "gift of love" to internalized representations of important caregivers. Data from work with patients like Don confirm the usefulness of Benjamin's IRT lens for navigating comorbidity, as well as the importance of underlying principles of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Critchfield
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Priyata Thapa
- Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mariafé T Panizo
- Student Health and Counseling Services, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nuno Conceição
- Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Bagattini N. Psychic structure, unconscious conflict and adolescent psychopathology: The contributions of OPD-CA–2. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bagattini
- Clinical Research Department – Uno, Mental Health Institute, Psychology PhD Program- The Catholic University, Montevideo, Uruguay
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16
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Evers O, Schröder-Pfeifer P, Möller H, Taubner S. The competence development of German psychotherapy trainees: A naturalistic, longitudinal and multidimensional outcome study. Psychother Res 2021; 32:539-553. [PMID: 34284700 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2021.1950939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:This study investigated the development of German psychotherapy trainees in professional, relational, and personal competence. Methods: The study followed a naturalistic pre-post design over 3 years and included a control group of non-trainee psychologists. The sample consisted of 219 participants, including 64 cognitive-behavioral trainees, 120 psychodynamic trainees and 35 control participants. Outcomes were knowledge (multiple choice exam), case-formulation competence (Case Formulation Content Coding Method), healing and stressful involvement (Therapist Work Involvement Scales), attributional complexity (Attributional Complexity Scale), introject affiliation, and affiliation in patient treatments (Intrex questionnaire). Multilevel Modeling was used to investigate change over time and group by time interactions. Comparisons to the control group were limited to knowledge, case-formulation competence, and attributional complexity. Results: Trainees improved in knowledge, case-formulation competence, healing involvement, and affiliation in treatments with small to medium effects. There was no change in stressful involvement, attributional complexity or introject affiliation. According to reliable change indices, the majority of trainees did not change reliably. Over time, trainees outperformed the control group only in case-formulation competence. There were several main and group by time effects regarding trainee orientation. Conclusions: Results imply benefits of training on professional and relational competence but only limited effects on personal competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Evers
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Schröder-Pfeifer
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Möller
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Thal SB, Bright SJ, Sharbanee JM, Wenge T, Skeffington PM. Current Perspective on the Therapeutic Preset for Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy. Front Psychol 2021; 12:617224. [PMID: 34326789 PMCID: PMC8313735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review is the first in a series of reviews about the appropriate conduct in substance-assisted psychotherapy (SAPT). It outlines a current perspective onpreconditions and theoretical knowledge that have been identified as valuable in the literaturefor appropriate therapeutic conduct in SAPT. In this context, considerations regarding ethics and the spiritual emphasis of the therapeutic approaches are discussed. Further, current methods, models, and concepts of psychological mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of SAPT are summarized, and similarities between models, approaches, and potential mediators for therapeutic effects are outlined. It is argued that a critical assessment of the literature might indicate that the therapeutic effect of SAPT may be mediated by intra- and interpersonal variables within the therapeutic context rather than specific therapeutic models per se. The review provides a basis for the development and adaptation of future investigations, therapeutic models, training programs for therapists, and those interested in the therapeutic potential of SAPT. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha B. Thal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Bright
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Psychedelic Research in Science and Medicine Pty Ltd (PRISM), Balwyn North, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Sharbanee
- Department of Psychology and Criminology, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Tobias Wenge
- International Society for Bonding Psychotherapy, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Petra M. Skeffington
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Xue LM, Huang XT, Wu N, Yue T. A Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Self-Love. Front Psychol 2021; 12:585719. [PMID: 33854459 PMCID: PMC8040951 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although self-love is an important topic, it has not been viewed as appropriate for psychological research, especially in China. We conducted two studies to understand how Chinese people view self-love. In the first study, we surveyed 109 Chinese people about the dimensions of self-love using an open-ended questionnaire. In the second study, 18 participants were selected by means of intensity sampling and interviewed about the connotations and structure of Chinese self-love. The two studies revealed three important aspects of the Chinese understanding of self-love: (1) self-love has four dimensions: self, family, others, and society; (2) it comprises five components: self-cherishing, self-acceptance, self-restraint, self-responsibility, and self-persistence; and (3) the five components of self-love are linked together to form a stable personality structure. The reliability and validity of the two studies were strong. Finally, the results showed that Chinese self-love is dominated by Confucian culture, which provides guiding principles for how to be human. At the same time, it shows that there are differences in the understanding of self-love between Chinese and Western cultures, which provides an empirical basis for further research based on cross-cultural psychology and self-love psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Xue
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Ting Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Yue
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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PCIT engagement and persistence among child welfare-involved families: Associations with harsh parenting, physiological reactivity, and social cognitive processes at intake. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1618-1635. [PMID: 33766186 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parent-Child interaction therapy (PCIT) has been shown to improve positive, responsive parenting and lower risk for child maltreatment (CM), including among families who are already involved in the child welfare system. However, higher risk families show higher rates of treatment attrition, limiting effectiveness. In N = 120 child welfare families randomized to PCIT, we tested behavioral and physiological markers of parent self-regulation and socio-cognitive processes assessed at pre-intervention as predictors of retention in PCIT. Results of multinomial logistic regressions indicate that parents who declined treatment displayed more negative parenting, greater perceptions of child responsibility and control in adult-child transactions, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) increases to a positive dyadic interaction task, and RSA withdrawal to a challenging, dyadic toy clean-up task. Increased odds of dropout during PCIT's child-directed interaction phase were associated with greater parent attentional bias to angry facial cues on an emotional go/no-go task. Hostile attributions about one's child predicted risk for dropout during the parent-directed interaction phase, and readiness for change scores predicted higher odds of treatment completion. Implications for intervening with child welfare-involved families are discussed along with study limitations.
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20
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Margola D, Accordini M, Fava E. Moment-by-moment interpersonal behaviors in poor vs. good psychodynamic psychotherapy outcomes: Does complementarity say it all? RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2020; 23:454. [PMID: 33024723 PMCID: PMC7513607 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2020.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Can patient-therapist moment-by-moment transactions uncover contrary treatment outcomes? The current study answers this question by analyzing the transcripts from eight therapy sessions of 20 patients each, for a total of 160 sessions and nearly 30,000 units of analysis. Patients were matched into ten pairs, each having the same diagnosis and the same clinician but with opposite treatment results: Ten patients were classified as responders (i.e., good-outcome patients) and as many as nonresponders (i.e., poor-outcome patients). Patient and therapist behaviors were coded using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model. Overall, patients and therapists engaged in complementary relational patterns: Good-outcome patients tended to adopt loving and protecting interaction styles, similarly, therapists treating good-outcome cases employed protection and self-disclosure behaviors. In contrast, poor-outcome patients tried to interpersonally separate from the therapist, and both-patients and therapists alike-exhibited attacking and recoiling behaviors. However, when taking a closer look, i) separation appeared to be disruptive per se, that is, beyond any evidenced interpersonal asymmetry; ii) self-disclosure on the therapist side turned out to be supportive of therapeutic complementarity; iii) when facing failure, highly experienced therapists seemed to indulge into noncomplementary or even hostile behaviors. Findings confirm that the target of the patient- therapist transferential transactions should be distinguished from transactions regarding other people or other life circumstances in order to avoid misleading interpretation of data and, consequently, conducting therapy based on misleading grounds.
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21
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Giulietti MV, Vespa A, Ottaviani M, Berardi R, Balercia G, Arnaldi G, Gattafoni P, Fabbietti P, Rosa MD, Spatuzzi R. Personality (at Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Level) Associated With Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer (Lung and Colon). Cancer Control 2020; 26:1073274819880560. [PMID: 31775525 PMCID: PMC6883362 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819880560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association of quality of life
(QoL) and intrapsychic and interpersonal behaviors (Structural Analysis of
Social Behavior [SASB]) of patients with cancer (lung: n = 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1;
colon: n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4). Personality described by SASB clusters (Cls):
SASB-Questionnaire; QoL tests: FACT_G and QLQ-C30. Patients with lung cancer (n
= 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1) and colon cancer (n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4; all stages of
severity). Multiple regression analyses. Multiple linear regression: dependent
variable: FACT_G; covariates: physical functioning, cognitive functioning,
SASB-Cl3-50°, SASB-Cl6-50°. Analysis of variance and t test
confirm validity of the model (P < .001). SASB-Cl3 with
FACT_G (P = .034); SASB-Cl6 with FACT_G (P =
.002); age with FACT_G (P = .018); physical functioning with
FACT_G (P < .001); cognitive functioning with FACT_G
(P < .001). Personality traits such as self-critical and
oppressive behaviors, low capacity for self-esteem, physical and cognitive
functioning, and age (a higher age determines a better QoL) strongly determine
QoL in patients with lung and colon cancer. This may suggest areas of
therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Velia Giulietti
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Vespa
- Scientific and Technological Area, Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Ottaviani
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pisana Gattafoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Cohen LJ, Wilman-Depena S, Barzilay S, Hawes M, Yaseen Z, Galynker I. Correlates of Chronic Suicidal Ideation Among Community-Based Minor-Attracted Persons. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 32:273-300. [PMID: 30678527 DOI: 10.1177/1079063219825868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated suicidal risk has been documented in adults who are sexually attracted to minors but the topic has not been adequately investigated, particularly outside the context of the criminal justice system. In this study, risk factors for chronic suicidal ideation were assessed in 333 community-based minor-attracted persons (95% male) via an online survey. Chronic suicidal ideation was endorsed by 38.1% of the participants but was associated neither to history of sexually engaging with a child nor to prior contact with the criminal justice system. In bivariate logistic regression analyses, significant unadjusted correlates included young age, less education, prior mental health treatment, weaker attraction to adult women, history of sexual abuse in the participants' own childhood, and the psychosocial effect of perceived stigma against pedophilia. In multivariable analysis, all these factors except education were uniquely associated with suicidal ideation. These results identify meaningful clinical risk factors and treatment targets in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zimri Yaseen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Knobloch-Fedders LM, Wilson SJ. Interpersonal behavior in couple therapy: Concurrent and prospective associations with depressive symptoms and relationship distress. Psychother Res 2020; 30:183-194. [PMID: 30063874 PMCID: PMC6355386 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1504175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated associations between couples' interpersonal behavior, depressive symptoms, and relationship distress over the course of couple psychotherapy. Method: After every other session of Integrative Systemic Therapy (M = 13 sessions), N = 100 individuals within 50 couples rated their in-session affiliation and autonomy behavior using the circumplex-based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Intrex. Concurrent and prospective associations of interpersonal behavior with depressive symptoms and relationship distress were evaluated via multivariate multilevel modeling using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Results: An individual's hostility, as well as the partner's hostility, positively predicted an individual's concurrent depressive symptoms and relationship distress, as well as his or her relationship distress at the following session. Partner hostility during one session predicted an individual's subsequent depressive symptoms. During sessions in which individuals controlled the partner, and separated themselves from the partner, they reported more concurrent depressive symptoms and relationship distress, and more subsequent relationship distress. When partners separated themselves, individuals reported more concurrent depressive symptoms and relationship distress, and more subsequent relationship distress. Conclusions: Results underscore the importance of couples' in-session affiliation and autonomy behavior in the treatment of depressive symptoms and relationship distress within couple therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Knobloch-Fedders
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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24
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Nekkanti AK, Jeffries R, Scholtes CM, Shimomaeda L, DeBow K, Norman Wells J, Lyons ER, Giuliano RJ, Gutierrez FJ, Woodlee KX, Funderburk BW, Skowron EA. Study Protocol: The Coaching Alternative Parenting Strategies (CAPS) Study of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Child Welfare Families. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 33101068 PMCID: PMC7495141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment (CM) constitutes a serious public health problem in the United States with parents implicated in a majority of physical abuse and neglect cases. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an intensive intervention for CM families that uses innovative "bug-in-ear" coaching to improve parenting and child outcomes, and reduce CM recidivism; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects are little understood. The Coaching Alternative Parenting Strategies (CAPS) study aims to clarify the behavioral, neural, and physiological mechanisms of action in PCIT that support positive changes in parenting, improve parent and child self-regulation and social perceptions, and reduce CM in child welfare-involved families. METHODS The CAPS study includes 204 child welfare-involved parent-child dyads recruited from Oregon Department of Human Services to participate in a randomized controlled trial of PCIT versus a services-as-usual control condition (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02684903). Children ages 3-8 years at study entry and their parents complete a pre-treatment assessment prior to randomization and a post-treatment assessment 9-12 months post study entry. Dyads randomized to PCIT complete an additional, abbreviated assessment at mid-treatment. Each assessment includes individual and joint measures of parents' and children's cardiac physiology at rest, during experimental tasks, and in recovery; observational coding of parent-child interactions; and individual electroencephalogram (EEG) sessions including attentional and cognitive control tasks. In addition, parents and children complete an emotion regulation task and parents report on their own and their child's adverse childhood experiences and socio-cognitive processes, while children complete a cognitive screen and a behavioral measure of inhibitory control. Parents and children also provide anthropometric measures of allostatic load and 4-5 whole blood spots to assess inflammation and immune markers. CM recidivism is assessed for all study families at 6-month follow-up. Post-treatment and follow-up assessments are currently underway. DISCUSSION Knowledge gained from this study will clarify PCIT effects on neurobehavioral target mechanisms of change in predicting CM risk reduction, positive, responsive parenting, and children's outcomes. This knowledge can help to guide efforts to tailor and adapt PCIT to vary in dosage and cost on the basis of individual differences in CM-risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila K Nekkanti
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Rose Jeffries
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Carolyn M Scholtes
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Lisa Shimomaeda
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen DeBow
- Center for Excellence, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Norman Wells
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Emma R Lyons
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Ryan J Giuliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Felicia J Gutierrez
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Kyndl X Woodlee
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Beverly W Funderburk
- Department of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Skowron
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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25
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Psychological symptoms and self-image of patients with complaints attributed to dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2805-2811. [PMID: 30368660 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to study self-image and the level of psychological symptoms in patients with symptoms attributed to their dental restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire containing questions regarding dental and medical history was answered by 257 participants, one group with local oral symptoms only (LSO), and one group with multi-symptoms (M-S). A reference group was randomly selected from a research database at the Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden. The self-image was assessed using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB). Psychological symptoms such as somatization, depression, and anxiety were assessed using the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) and the Global Severity Index (GSI) was used to determine the level of psychological symptoms. RESULTS SASB showed that the M-S group and the LSO-group scored significantly higher on the "spontaneous" and "positive self-image" than the reference group. In the SCL-90, the M-S group scored significantly higher than the LSO-group and the references on the somatization subscales. On depression, anxiety, and the GSI scale, the M-S group scored significantly higher than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS The two subgroups scored significantly higher on the SASB Spontaneous and Positive clusters which indicates that these patients have an excessively positive self-image, are very spontaneous and have an overconfidence in themselves compared to the reference group. In the M-S group there was a clear tendency to somatization, depression, and anxiety and they were more psychologically stressed than the reference group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Among the patients with illness attributed to their dental materials, the M-S-patients had a significantly higher level of general psychological distress and somatization than the control group which may lead to mental stress.
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26
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Hopwood CJ, Harrison AL, Amole M, Girard JM, Wright AGC, Thomas KM, Sadler P, Ansell EB, Chaplin TM, Morey LC, Crowley MJ, Emily Durbin C, Kashy DA. Properties of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics Across Sex, Level of Familiarity, and Interpersonal Conflict. Assessment 2018; 27:40-56. [PMID: 30221975 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118798916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) is a method in which trained observers continuously code the dominance and warmth of individuals who interact with one another in dyads. This method has significant promise for assessing dynamic interpersonal processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of individual sex, dyadic familiarity, and situational conflict on patterns of interpersonal warmth, dominance, and complementarity as assessed via CAID. We used six samples with 603 dyads, including two samples of unacquainted mixed-sex undergraduates interacting in a collaborative task, two samples of couples interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks, and two samples of mothers and children interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks. Complementarity effects were robust across all samples, and individuals tended to be relatively warm and dominant. Results from multilevel models indicated that women were slightly warmer than men, whereas there were no sex differences in dominance. Unfamiliar dyads and dyads interacting in more collaborative tasks were relatively warmer, more submissive, and more complementary on warmth but less complementary on dominance. These findings speak to the utility of the CAID method for assessing interpersonal dynamics and provide norms for researchers who use the method for different types of samples and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Sadler
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Forsén Mantilla E, Clinton D, Birgegård A. Insidious: The relationship patients have with their eating disorders and its impact on symptoms, duration of illness, and self-image. Psychol Psychother 2018; 91:302-316. [PMID: 29080248 PMCID: PMC6175392 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In published clinical and autobiographical accounts of eating disorders, patients often describe their disorder in personified ways, that is, relating to the disorder as if it were an entity, and treatment often involves techniques of externalization. By encouraging patients to think about their eating disorder as a relationship, this study aimed to examine how young female patients experience their eating disorder as acting towards them, how they react in response, and whether these interactions are associated with symptoms, illness duration, and self-image. DESIGN Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) was used to operationalize how patients experience the actions of their eating disorder and their own reactions to the disorder. METHOD The relationship between patients (N = 150) and their eating disorders was examined with respect to symptoms, duration of illness, and self-image. Patients were also compared on their tendency to react with affiliation in relation to their disorder. RESULTS Patients' responses on the SASB indicated that they tended to conceptualize their eating disorders as blaming and controlling, and they themselves as sulking and submitting in response. Greater experience of the eating disorder as being controlling was associated with higher levels of symptomatology. Patients reacting with more negative affiliation towards their disorder were less symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS When encouraging patients to think about their eating disorder as a relationship, comprehensible relationship patterns between patients and their eating disorders emerged. The idea that this alleged relationship may resemble a real-life relationship could have theoretical implications, and its exploration may be of interest in treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS Patients were able to conceptualize their eating disorder as a significant other to whom they relate when encouraged to do so. Patients tended to experience their disorder as controlling and domineering. Exploring the hypothetical patient-eating disorder relationship may prove helpful in understanding dysfunctional relational patterns. Helping patients to rebel against their eating disorder could potentially aid in symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Forsén Mantilla
- Centre for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - David Clinton
- Centre for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden,Institute for Eating DisordersOsloNorway
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Centre for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
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D'Iuso DA, Dobson KS, Watkins‐Martin K, Beaulieu L, Drapeau M. Bridging the gap between cognitive and interpersonal variables in depression. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thinking about the past to shape the present: neural activation during the recall of relationship episodes. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:783-791. [PMID: 30077577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reflecting on oneself and others in relationships is an ability that is central to our social existence. Specifically, considering formative autobiographical experiences in relationships may contribute to more flexibility in perceiving, as well as in shaping present relationships. Reflecting on such experiences mobilizes different social cognitive and affective processes. We aim to explore the neural basis of these processes. With a newly developed functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) task, we investigated brain activation in 35 healthy individuals during recall of relationship episodes involving themselves or others. We found that recalling formative episodes involving themselves modulated brain activity in the right parahippocampus, left precuneus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, bilateral insula, and left presupplementary motor area. These areas are involved in memory processes, self-generated thought, and affective experience. The recall of relationship episodes involving others led to similar activation patterns. Our results underscore the close link between self-reflection, understanding others, and memory processes and emphasize the role of affective dimensions for self-relevant experiences. They contribute to a growing body of research on neural mechanisms involved in complex social cognitive processes decisive for our capacity to navigate our social environment.
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Vespa A, Spatuzzi R, Merico F, Ottaviani M, Fabbietti P, Meloni C, Raucci L, Ricciuti M, Bilancia D, Pelliccioni G, Giulietti MV. Spiritual well-being associated with personality traits and quality of life in family caregivers of cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2633-2640. [PMID: 29460194 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study focuses on the spiritual well-being (SWB) of the family caregivers of cancer patients, examining the relationship with personality traits and quality of life (QoL) in palliative and curative care settings. METHODS All participants (n = 199) underwent the following self-report questionnaires: the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB)-Form A, the SWB Index, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). SWB scores were dichotomized at a cutoff corresponding to the 75th percentile. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Student's t test or by χ squared tests to compare high and low SWB and multivariate linear regression to estimate relations between SWB, SASB clusters (Cl), and QoL dimensions. RESULTS Caregivers with high SWB reported significantly better scores than low SWB caregivers in the following SF-36 subscales: bodily pain (p = 0.035), vitality (p < 0.001), social activities (p < 0.001), mental health subscales (p < 0.001), and standardized mental component (p < 0.001) in the SASB Cl2 (p < 0.005), SASB Cl7 (p = 0.007), and SASB Cl8 (p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression was performed with vitality, standardized mental component, SASB Cl2, SASB Cl7, and SASB Cl8. Greater SWB is associated with greater vitality (p < 0.001), mental standardized component (p < 0.001), and SASB Cl2 (p < 0.001), but lower SASB Cl7 (p < 0.05) and SASB Cl8 (p < 0.05); palliative care is associated with greater SASB Cl8 (p < 0.05) and lower standardized mental component compared with the caregivers in active care. CONCLUSIONS This study points out that caregivers who experience low SWB have a poorer QoL and more problematic intrapsychic aspects of personality, such as low self-acceptance of their own emotions, are self-refusing and unable to be in contact with their own feelings. This suggests that spirituality could be a source of strength and a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vespa
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Merico
- Hospice "Casa di Betania", Palliative Care Center, Tricase (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marica Ottaviani
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Biostatistical Center, INRCA-IRCCS, National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Meloni
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Pelliccioni
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Velia Giulietti
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
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The relationship between therapeutic alliance and patient's suicidal thoughts, self-harming behaviours and suicide attempts: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2017; 223:165-174. [PMID: 28755624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality is a common concern for people with mental health problems. The interpersonal nature of suicidality suggests that therapeutic alliance may be important when working clinically with suicidal patients. This paper is a systematic review of studies investigating the association between alliance and treatment outcome relating to suicidal ideation and behaviours. METHODS Systematic searches of PsychINFO, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL were completed using words that captured the concepts of alliance and suicidality. Eligible studies: involved participants aged 18-years-old or over; used a validated measure of therapeutic alliance; and reported associations between alliance and suicidality. Abstracts, qualitative studies and articles not written in English were excluded. RESULTS Twelve studies were included. Findings indicated that alliance is associated with suicidality. Alliance was related to suicidality in eleven of the papers. Self-harming behaviours had the strongest association with patient-rated alliance. Suicide attempts had the weakest association, possibly due to the infrequency of suicide attempts in the studies reviewed. LIMITATIONS The twelve studies were heterogeneous in terms of the measure of alliance used, method of assessing suicidality, clinical setting and professional-type. This variability limited the degree to which findings could be synthesised. CONCLUSION Therapists, care-coordinators and mental health teams should recognise the importance of building a strong therapeutic alliance with suicidal patients. Researchers should use consistent methods of measuring alliance and assessing suicidality in future studies. Clinicians and researchers should note that suicidal thoughts, self-harm and suicide attempts may be related to alliance in different ways and therefore should be assessed as separate constructs.
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Gumz A, Neubauer K, Horstkotte JK, Geyer M, Löwe B, Murray AM, Kästner D. A bottom-up approach to assess verbal therapeutic techniques. Development of the Psychodynamic Interventions List (PIL). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182949. [PMID: 28837582 PMCID: PMC5570429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowing which specific verbal techniques "good" therapists use in their daily work is important for training and evaluation purposes. In order to systematize what is being practiced in the field, our aim was to empirically identify verbal techniques applied in psychodynamic sessions and to differentiate them according to their basic semantic features using a bottom-up, qualitative approach. METHOD Mixed-Method-Design: In a comprehensive qualitative study, types of techniques were identified at the level of utterances based on transcribed psychodynamic therapy sessions using Qualitative Content Analysis (4211 utterances). The definitions of the identified categories were successively refined and modified until saturation was achieved. In a subsequent quantitative study, inter-rater reliability was assessed both at the level of utterances (n = 8717) and at the session level (n = 38). The convergent validity of the categories was investigated by analyzing associations with the Interpretive and Supportive Technique Scale (ISTS). RESULTS The inductive approach resulted in a classification system with 37 categories (Psychodynamic Interventions List, PIL). According to their semantic content, the categories can be allocated to three dimensions: form (24 categories), thematic content (9) and temporal focus (4). Most categories showed good or excellent inter-rater reliability and expected associations with the ISTS were predominantly confirmed. The rare use of the residual category "Other" suggests that the identified categories might comprehensively describe the breadth of applied techniques. CONCLUSIONS The atheoretical orientation and the clear focus on overt linguistic features should enable the PIL to be used without intensive training or prior theoretical knowledge. The PIL can be used to investigate the links between verbal techniques derived from practice and micro-outcomes (at the session level) as well as the overall therapeutic outcomes. This approach might enable us to determine to what extent the outcome of therapy is due to unintended or non-theoretically relevant techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Gumz
- Berlin University of Psychology (PHB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Karolin Neubauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Murray
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Kästner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
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Andersén M, Birgegård A. Diagnosis-specific self-image predicts longitudinal suicidal ideation in adult eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:970-978. [PMID: 28580647 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (ED) are prevalent, serious illnesses with elevated mortality, mainly attributable to suicide. Predictors of suicidality include binge/purge symptomatology, impulsivity, and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as personality factors. Recent research has also shown self-image (the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, SASB, model) to predict manifest suicide attempts in ED, and the study explored suicide risk prediction to increase knowledge of warning signs and intervention targets. METHOD Participants were adult ED patients registered in the Stepwise clinical database (N = 1537) with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), or other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). The SASB self-image questionnaire was used in stepwise regressions to predict 12-month suicidal ideation, both self- and clinician-rated, in models both excluding and including baseline clinical variables. RESULTS Validation analyses showed fair correspondence between outcome variables as well as with suicide attempts. Different variables predicted suicidality in different diagnoses, over and above baseline clinical variables in all but one regression model. Low Self-protection was important in AN and BN, high Self-control in AN, and high Letting go of the self in BN. For BED, self-blame explained variance, and in OSFED, lack of self-love. DISCUSSION Findings are in line with research showing differential self-image-based prediction of important outcomes in ED, with noteworthy consistencies across diagnoses and suicidality variables. Strengths included the large sample, and limitations pertained to measures, attrition and Type II error risk. Replication is needed, but findings are consistent with some previous work and offers clinical and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Andersén
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Melin EO, Svensson R, Thunander M, Hillman M, Thulesius HO, Landin-Olsson M. Gender, alexithymia and physical inactivity associated with abdominal obesity in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study at a secondary care hospital diabetes clinic. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:21. [PMID: 28588898 PMCID: PMC5455074 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is linked to cardiovascular diseases and increasingly common in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) since the introduction of intensified insulin therapy. Our main aim was to explore associations between obesity and depression, anxiety, alexithymia and self-image measures and to control for lifestyle variables in a sample of persons with T1DM. Secondary aims were to explore associations between abdominal and general obesity and cardiovascular complications in T1DM. Methods Cross sectional study of 284 persons with T1DM (age 18–59 years, men 56%), consecutively recruited from one secondary care hospital diabetes clinic in Sweden. Assessments were performed with self-report instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items and Structural Analysis of Social Behavior). Anthropometrics and blood samples were collected for this study and supplemented with data from the patients’ medical records. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference men/women (meters): ≥1.02/≥0.88, and general obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2 for both genders. Abdominal obesity was chosen in the analyses due to the high association with cardiovascular complications. Different explanatory logistic regression models were elaborated for the associations and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 49/284 (17%), men/women: 8%/29% (P < 0.001). Abdominal obesity was associated with women (AOR 4.9), physical inactivity (AOR 3.1), alexithymia (AOR 2.6) and age (per year) (AOR 1.04). One of the three alexithymia sub factors, “difficulty identifying feelings” (AOR 3.1), was associated with abdominal obesity. Gender analyses showed that abdominal obesity in men was associated with “difficulty identifying feelings” (AOR 7.7), and in women with use of antidepressants (AOR 4.3) and physical inactivity (AOR 3.6). Cardiovascular complications were associated with abdominal obesity (AOR 5.2). Conclusions Alexithymia, particularly the alexithymia subfactor “difficulty identifying feelings”, physical inactivity, and women, as well as cardiovascular complications were associated with abdominal obesity. As abdominal obesity is detrimental in diabetes due to its association with cardiovascular complications, our results suggest two risk factor treatment targets: increased emotional awareness and increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva O Melin
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12 Växjö, Sweden.,Primary Care, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ralph Svensson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Maria Thunander
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12 Växjö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hillman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans O Thulesius
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12 Växjö, Sweden.,Primary Care, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mona Landin-Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Knobloch-Fedders LM, Critchfield KL, Staab EM. Informative Disagreements: Associations Between Relationship Distress, Depression, and Discrepancy in Interpersonal Perception Within Couples. FAMILY PROCESS 2017; 56:459-475. [PMID: 26698189 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the associations between relationship distress, depression symptoms, and discrepancy in interpersonal perception within couples. After completing a series of discussion tasks, couples (N = 88) rated their behavior using the circumplex-based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Model (SASB; Benjamin, 1979, 1987, 2000). Overall, couple members were strikingly similar in their interpersonal perceptions, and tended to see themselves as friendly, reciprocal in their focus, and balanced between connection and separateness. As hypothesized, however, perceptual discrepancy was related to relationship distress and depression. Relationship distress was associated with discrepancy regarding transitive behavior focused on the partner, while depression was associated with disagreement about intransitive, self-focused behavior. Analysis of affiliation and autonomy revealed that relationship distress was associated with seeing oneself as reacting with more hostility than the partner sees, and perceiving one's partner as more hostile, more controlling, and less submissive than he or she does. Partners of depressed individuals viewed themselves as more controlling than their mate did. Men's depression was associated with disagreement between partners regarding men's self-focused behavior. Results underscore the importance of considering interpersonal perception when conceptualizing relationship distress and depression within intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Knobloch-Fedders
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Erin M Staab
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Knobloch-Fedders LM, Caska-Wallace C, Smith TW, Renshaw K. Battling on the Home Front: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Conflict Behavior Among Military Couples. Behav Ther 2017; 48:247-261. [PMID: 28270334 PMCID: PMC5345247 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated interpersonal behavior differences among male military service members with and without PTSD and their female partners. Couples (N = 64) completed a 17-minute videotaped conflict discussion, and their interaction behavior was coded using the circumplex-based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior model (SASB; Benjamin, 1979, 1987, 2000). Within couples, the behavior of partners was very similar. Compared to military couples without PTSD, couples with PTSD displayed more interpersonal hostility and control. Couples with PTSD also exhibited more sulking, blaming, and controlling behavior, and less affirming and connecting behavior, than couples without PTSD. Results advance our understanding of the relational impacts of PTSD on military service members and their partners, and underscore the value of couple-based interventions for PTSD in the context of relationship distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Caska-Wallace
- Mental Health Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System – Seattle Division Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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Newman MG, Jacobson NC, Erickson TM, Fisher AJ. Interpersonal Problems Predict Differential Response to Cognitive Versus Behavioral Treatment in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther 2017; 48:56-68. [PMID: 28077221 PMCID: PMC5240795 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined dimensional interpersonal problems as moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus its components (cognitive therapy [CT] and behavioral therapy [BT]). We predicted that people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) whose interpersonal problems reflected more dominance and intrusiveness would respond best to a relaxation-based BT compared to CT or CBT, based on studies showing that people with personality features associated with a need for autonomy respond best to treatments that are more experiential, concrete, and self-directed compared to therapies involving abstract analysis of one's problems (e.g., containing CT). METHOD This was a secondary analysis of Borkovec, Newman, Pincus, and Lytle (2002). Forty-seven participants with principal diagnoses of GAD were assigned randomly to combined CBT (n = 16), CT (n = 15), or BT (n = 16). RESULTS As predicted, compared to participants with less intrusiveness, those with dimensionally more intrusiveness responded with greater GAD symptom reduction to BT than to CBT at posttreatment and greater change to BT than to CT or CBT across all follow-up points. Similarly, those with more dominance responded better to BT compared to CT and CBT at all follow-up points. Additionally, being overly nurturant at baseline was associated with GAD symptoms at baseline, post, and all follow-up time-points regardless of therapy condition. CONCLUSIONS Generally anxious individuals with domineering and intrusive problems associated with higher need for control may respond better to experiential behavioral interventions than to cognitive interventions, which may be perceived as a direct challenge of their perceptions.
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Angus LE, Boritz T, Bryntwick E, Carpenter N, Macaulay C, Khattra J. The Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System 2.0: A multi-methodological approach to identifying and assessing narrative-emotion process markers in psychotherapy. Psychother Res 2016; 27:253-269. [PMID: 27772015 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2016.1238525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that it is not simply the expression of emotion or emotional arousal in session that is important, but rather it is the reflective processing of emergent, adaptive emotions, arising in the context of personal storytelling and/or Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) interventions, that is associated with change. METHOD To enhance narrative-emotion integration specifically in EFT, Angus and Greenberg originally identified a set of eight clinically derived narrative-emotion integration markers were originally identified for the implementation of process-guiding therapeutic responses. Further evaluation and testing by the Angus Narrative-Emotion Marker Lab resulted in the identification of 10 empirically validated Narrative-Emotion Process (N-EP) markers that are included in the Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System Version 2.0 (NEPCS 2.0). RESULTS Based on empirical research findings, individual markers are clustered into Problem (e.g., stuckness in repetitive story patterns, over-controlled or dysregulated emotion, lack of reflectivity), Transition (e.g., reflective, access to adaptive emotions and new emotional plotlines, heightened narrative and emotion integration), and Change (e.g., new story outcomes and self-narrative discovery, and co-construction and re-conceptualization) subgroups. To date, research using the NEPCS 2.0 has investigated the proportion and pattern of narrative-emotion markers in Emotion-Focused, Client-Centered, and Cognitive Therapy for Major Depression, Motivational Interviewing plus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and EFT for Complex Trauma. Results have consistently identified significantly higher proportions of N-EP Transition and Change markers, and productive shifts, in mid- and late phase sessions, for clients who achieved recovery by treatment termination. CONCLUSIONS Recovery is consistently associated with client storytelling that is emotionally engaged, reflective, and evidencing new story outcomes and self-narrative change. Implications for future research, practice and training are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E Angus
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Tali Boritz
- b Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Emily Bryntwick
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Naomi Carpenter
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Jasmine Khattra
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Högdahl L, Levallius J, Björck C, Norring C, Birgegård A. Personality predicts drop-out from therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders. Results from a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2016; 5:44-50. [PMID: 30135806 PMCID: PMC6096309 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet-based guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) seems a promising way of delivering eating disorder treatment. However, treatment drop-out is a common problem and little is known about the correlates, especially in clinical settings. The study aimed to explore prediction of drop-out in the context of a randomized controlled trial within specialized eating disorder care in terms of eating disorder symptomatology, personality traits, comorbidity, and demographic characteristics. 109 outpatients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa or similar eating disorder were randomized to two types of ICBT. Participants were assessed with several clinical- and self-ratings. The average drop-out rate was 36%. Drop-out was predicted by lower scores in the personality traits Dutifulness and Assertiveness as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory Revised, and by higher scores in Self-affirm as measured by the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour. Drop-out was also predicted by therapist factors: one therapist had significantly more drop-outs (82%) than the other three (M = 30%). Theoretical and clinical implications of the impact of the predictors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Levallius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Björck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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Klug G, Zimmermann J, Huber D. Outcome trajectories and mediation in psychotherapeutic treatments of major depression. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2016; 64:307-43. [PMID: 27151999 DOI: 10.1177/0003065116644742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trajectories and mediators of change were investigated in a process-outcome study. Patients were allocated at random to psychoanalytic therapy (PA) or psychodynamic therapy (PD), and later to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Measurement points were at pre-treatment, during ongoing treatment, at post-treatment, and during a three-year follow-up. Outcome trajectories were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Hautzinger et al. 1994), the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised Version (SCL-90-R; Franke 1995), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz, Strauss, and Kordy 2000). Therapeutic alliance and introject were tested as mediators, assessed using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ; Bassler, Potratz, and Krauthauser 1995) and INTREX, introject surface (Tress 1993). Multilevel modeling was applied to estimate outcome trajectories and to test for mediation. Symptoms decreased in early and ongoing treatment in all treatment groups. After the end of treatment, depressive and general psychiatric symptoms continued to decrease in significantly greater degree in the PA group than in the PD and CBT cohorts. During early treatment, interpersonal problems decreased significantly more in those allocated to PD than in the PA and CBT groups. During ongoing treatment, improvement in interpersonal problems was significantly higher in the PA group than in the others and, compared to CBT, continued to increase significantly after termination. Mediational analyses revealed that neither introject affiliation nor therapeutic alliance mediated differential treatment effects.
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Contingencies Create Capabilities: Adjunctive Treatments in Dialectical Behavior Therapy That Reinforce Behavior Change. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Contemporary training and practice of psychotherapy and the research that supports it is the subject of this review. I discuss it in the light of what I value most from my own professional training, which was, in my opinion, highly privileged by comparison with what is offered today. A minimal hoped-for outcome is that younger readers will find valuable tidbits here and there that will be useful in their own versions of psychotherapy. A maximal hope is that a few individuals who choose to maintain clinical skills as well as emphasize psychotherapy research might be encouraged to follow their instincts toward excellence. They would allow their curiosity to bloom and their work to be creative and more adherent to the rules of natural science than time allows in these days of dashboards that count funding associated with numbers of publications, grants, teaching, and service hours. Admittedly, that path less well traveled would be risky, because what truly is new takes time to develop and implement and the outcomes when research truly can disconfirm hypotheses (as distinct from fail to confirm them) are, well, uncertain.
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Salvatore S, Gelo OCG, Gennaro A, Metrangolo R, Terrone G, Pace V, Venuleo C, Venezia A, Ciavolino E. An automated method of content analysis for psychotherapy research: A further validation. Psychother Res 2015; 27:38-50. [PMID: 26337544 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to validate the ability of ACASM (Automated Co-occurrence Analysis for Semantic Mapping) to provide a representation of the content of the therapeutic exchange that is useful for clinical analysis. METHOD We compared the clinical case analyses of a good outcome psychodynamic therapy performed by a group of clinicians (n = 5) based on the verbatim transcripts (transcript-based analysis) with the clinical case analyses performed by another group of clinicians (n = 5) based on the ACASM representation of the same sessions (ACASM-based analysis). Comparison concerned two levels: the descriptive level and the interpretative level of the clinical case analysis. RESULTS Findings showed that, inconsistently with our hypothesis, ACASM-based descriptions of the case obtained worse evaluations than transcript-based descriptions of the case (on all 3 criteria adopted). On the contrary, consistently with our hypothesis, ACASM is undistinguishable from the verbatim transcripts as regards the case interpretation (on 2 out of 3 criteria adopted). CONCLUSIONS ACASM provides a description of the case that, though different from the one provided by the transcripts, enables clinicians to elaborate clinical interpretations of the case which approximate those produced by clinicians working directly on verbatim transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Salvatore
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy.,b Centro Studi di Psicoterapia e Psicologia della Salute (CESP)-Istituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo (ISBEM) , Lecce , Italy
| | - Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy.,c Department of Psychotherapy Science , Sigmund Freud University , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alessandro Gennaro
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy.,b Centro Studi di Psicoterapia e Psicologia della Salute (CESP)-Istituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo (ISBEM) , Lecce , Italy
| | - Roberto Metrangolo
- b Centro Studi di Psicoterapia e Psicologia della Salute (CESP)-Istituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo (ISBEM) , Lecce , Italy
| | - Grazia Terrone
- d Department of Human Studies , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Valeria Pace
- b Centro Studi di Psicoterapia e Psicologia della Salute (CESP)-Istituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo (ISBEM) , Lecce , Italy
| | - Claudia Venuleo
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy.,b Centro Studi di Psicoterapia e Psicologia della Salute (CESP)-Istituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo (ISBEM) , Lecce , Italy
| | - Annalisa Venezia
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Enrico Ciavolino
- a Department of History, Society and Human Studies , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
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Critchfield KL, Benjamin LS, Levenick K. Reliability, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Case Formulations for Comorbid Profiles in Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy: Addressing Mechanisms of Psychopathology. J Pers Disord 2015. [PMID: 26200851 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2015.29.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT) case formulations describe psychosocial mechanisms of affective and personality pathology in ways that enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy for individuals. With a valid and reliable IRT case formulation, a clinician is in a better position to draw upon effective techniques to maximize treatment effects. The case formulation and treatment models for IRT were described in depth along with the IRT treatment model by Benjamin (2003/2006). Data in this report from 93 adult inpatients with complex and comorbid presentations suggest that the case formulation is highly reliable and unique to individuals, and that symptoms reflect current interpersonal stresses linked to early interactions involving forms of hostility in relation with attachment figures and corresponding to three basic patterns in adulthood: identification (be like him or her), recapitulation (act as you did with him or her), and introjection (treat yourself as you were treated).
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Lorentzen S, Fjeldstad A, Ruud T, Marble A, Klungsøyr O, Ulberg R, Høglend PA. The Effectiveness of Short- and Long-Term Psychodynamic Group Psychotherapy on Self-Concept: Three Years Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Group Psychother 2015; 65:362-85. [PMID: 26076204 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2015.65.3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared differences in self-concept change across three years after short-(STG) and long-term (LTG) psychodynamic group psychotherapy, in a mixed sample of outpatients. Self-concept was assessed at baseline and three years later, using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire. Vector scores Affiliation and Autonomy were primary, and the eight cluster scores-self-free, self-affirm, self-love, self-protect, self-control, self-blame, self-attack, and self-neglect-were secondary outcome measures. Within group univariate analyses showed change in LTG across three years on the vector scores Affiliation and Autonomy, while STG only changed on Autonomy. Comparisons between STG and LTG demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in Affiliation in LTG than in STG. This difference was explained by a higher improvement in the cluster scores of self-blame, self-attack, and self-neglect in LTG, dimensions that weight negatively on the Affiliation score. Patients with more serious self-neglect and harsh, punitive self-attack/self-blame may profit more in long-term than in short-term groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Lorentzen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oslo and the Department for Research and Development, Clinic for Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Fjeldstad
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic for Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Department for Research and Development, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, L∅renskog, Norway, and the Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oslo
| | - Alice Marble
- Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oslo
| | - Ole Klungsøyr
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic for Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Ulberg
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T∅nsberg, Norway
| | - Per A Høglend
- Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oslo
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Vespa A, Ottaviani M, Fossati A, Giulietti MV, Spatuzzi R, Meloni C, Fabbietti P, Spazzafumo L, Rozsa S, Cloninger RC. Validation of the Italian translation of the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory--TCI-140--in adult participants and in participants with medical diseases. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 59:129-34. [PMID: 25726259 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed at assessing the reliability and construct validity of the TCI-140. SAMPLE 428 Italian participants. EXCLUSION CRITERIA psychiatric disorders. 100 subjects - longitudinal retest study. RESULTS The results of descriptive statistics of internal consistency reliabilities (Cronbach coefficient) of TCI-R dimensions showed: a strong internal consistence of the scales: HA (α = 0.84); RD (α = 0.70); SD (α = 0.86); C (α = 0.75); ST (α = 0.83); a low level in NS (α = 0.60). In relation to facets, internal consistency reliabilities (Cronbach coefficient) ranged from 0.14 C3 to 0.79 C4 (from 3rd to 4th facet of C scale). Correlations: highest inverse correlation between HA and SD (r = -0.56); moderate inverse correlations for: HA and PS (r = -0.37); C and RD(r = 0.32); C and SD (r = 0.44). P, SD, C and ST showed good inter class correlations (ICC) ≥ 70 maintaining a good stability of the measures over the time. Four factors accounted for 56.3% of the variance for temperament subscale. Subscales of: PS4, PS3 PS2, PS1, NS3 for factor 1; HA2, HA1, HA4, HA3 for factor 2; RD1, RD2 and RD3 for factor 3; NS4, NS1 and NS2 for factor 4. Three factors that were identified accounted for 58.3% of the variance for character subscales of: SD3, SD5, SD1, SD2 for factor 1; C4, C1, C5, SD4, C3 for factor 2; ST2, ST1, ST3, C2 for factor 3. CONCLUSION The reliability coefficients were significantly good for some dimensions of TCI-140 and showed a good correlation after time, while some dimensions as NS have low reliability. In the principal components analysis does not saturate all dimensions in its theoretical factor. Moreover TCI-140 is a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principal dimensions of temperament and character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vespa
- Scientific and Technological Area, Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marica Ottaviani
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, via Della Montagnola n. 108, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Dipartimento Scienze Umane (Comunicazione, Formazione, Psicologia), Università Vita e Salute S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Velia Giulietti
- Unity of Neurology, INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, via Della Montagnola n. 108, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Roberta Spatuzzi
- U.O.C. Hospice/Palliative Care Departments, A.O.R. San Carlo di Potenza, Italy.
| | - Cristina Meloni
- Department of Research, Mineral Test Sas, Via A. Cecchetti, 7, Civitanova Marche, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Biostatistical Center, INRCA-IRCCS, National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, via S. Margherita n. 5, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Liana Spazzafumo
- Biostatistical Center, INRCA-IRCCS, National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, via S. Margherita n. 5, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Sandor Rozsa
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Robert C Cloninger
- Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Sansone Center for Well-Being, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Gelo OCG, Manzo S. Quantitative Approaches to Treatment Process, Change Process, and Process-Outcome Research. Psychother Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1382-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Monell E, Högdahl L, Mantilla EF, Birgegård A. Emotion dysregulation, self-image and eating disorder symptoms in University Women. J Eat Disord 2015; 3:44. [PMID: 26629343 PMCID: PMC4666164 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-015-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied associations between emotion dysregulation, self-image and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in university women, and contrasted two indirect effect models to examine possible intervening mechanisms to produce ED symptoms. METHODS 252 female Swedish university students completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) self-image measure, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Correlations between scales were followed by five simple mediation analysis pairs with two possible pathways using five ED symptom variables as outcome. The models posited either self-image or emotion dysregulation as mediator or independent variable, respectively. ED symptoms were EDE-Q Global score, objective binge eating episodes (OBE), subjective binge eating episodes (SBE), and two variants of EDE-Q excessive exercise. RESULTS Emotion dysregulation and self-image were strongly correlated, and both correlated moderately with EDE-Q Global score. There were distinct indirect effects through self-image on the relationship between emotion dysregulation and ED symptoms, but not vice versa. These indirect effects were evident in relation to cognitive ED symptoms and both OBE and SBE, but not in relation to excessive exercise. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that even if closely related, emotion dysregulation and self-image both contribute unique knowledge in relation to ED symptoms. Self-image as an intervening mechanism between emotion dysregulation and ED symptoms is relevant for models of the development, maintenance and treatment of ED, as well as treatment focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Monell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra Stationsgatan 69 7th floor, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden ; Centre for Research & Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise Högdahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra Stationsgatan 69 7th floor, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Forsén Mantilla
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra Stationsgatan 69 7th floor, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra Stationsgatan 69 7th floor, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cundiff JM, Smith TW, Butner J, Critchfield KL, Nealey-Moore J. Affiliation and Control in Marital Interaction. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2014; 41:35-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167214557002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The principle of complementarity in interpersonal theory states that an actor’s behavior tends to “pull, elicit, invite, or evoke” responses from interaction partners who are similar in affiliation (i.e., warmth vs. hostility) and opposite in control (i.e., dominance vs. submissiveness). Furthermore, complementary interactions are proposed to evoke less negative affect and promote greater relationship satisfaction. These predictions were examined in two studies of married couples. Results suggest that complementarity in affiliation describes a robust general pattern of marital interaction, but complementarity in control varies across contexts. Consistent with behavioral models of marital interaction, greater levels of affiliation and lower control by partners—not complementarity in affiliation or control—were associated with less anger and anxiety and greater relationship quality. Partners’ levels of affiliation and control combined in ways other than complementarity—mostly additively, but sometimes synergistically—to predict negative affect and relationship satisfaction.
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