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Ribaudo JG, He K, Madira S, Young ER, Martin C, Lu T, Sacks JM, Li X. Sutureless vascular anastomotic approaches and their potential impacts. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:73-94. [PMID: 38699240 PMCID: PMC11061647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sutureless anastomotic devices present several advantages over traditional suture anastomosis, including expanded global access to microvascular surgery, shorter operation and ischemic times, and reduced costs. However, their adaptation for arterial use remains a challenge. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sutureless anastomotic approaches that are either FDA-approved or under investigation. These approaches include extraluminal couplers, intraluminal devices, and methods assisted by lasers or vacuums, with a particular emphasis on tissue adhesives. We analyze these devices for artery compatibility, material composition, potential for intimal damage, risks of thrombosis and restenosis, and complications arising from their deployment and maintenance. Additionally, we discuss the challenges faced in the development and clinical application of sutureless anastomotic techniques. Ideally, a sutureless anastomotic device or technique should eliminate the need for vessel eversion, mitigate thrombosis through either biodegradation or the release of antithrombotic drugs, and be easily deployable for broad use. The transformative potential of sutureless anastomotic approaches in microvascular surgery highlights the necessity for ongoing innovation to expand their applications and maximize their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Ribaudo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kevin He
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah Madira
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Emma R. Young
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cameron Martin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tingying Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Justin M. Sacks
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Kong S, Yu S, He W, He Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Li H, Zhan Y, Zheng J, Yang X, He P, Duan C, Tan N, Liu Y. Serum Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: A Novel Predictor of Pulmonary Infection in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024:64717. [PMID: 38763733 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a low serum albumin-to-creatinine ratio (sACR) is associated with elevated risk of poor short- and long-term outcomes. However, the relationship between sACR and pulmonary infection during hospitalization in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI remains unclear. METHODS A total of 4,507 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were enrolled and divided into three groups according to sACR tertile. The primary outcome was pulmonary infection during hospitalization, and the secondary outcome was in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including stroke, in-hospital mortality, target vessel revascularization, recurrent myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality during follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 522 (11.6%) patients developed pulmonary infections, and 223 (4.9%) patients developed in-hospital MACE. Cubic spline models indicated a non-linear, L-shaped relationship between sACR and pulmonary infection (P=0.039). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that sACR had good predictive value for both pulmonary infection (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.73, 95% CI=0.70-0.75, P<0.001) and in-hospital MACE (AUC=0.72, 95% CI=0.69-0.76, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that higher sACR tertiles were associated with a greater cumulative survival rate (P<0.001). Cox regression analysis identified lower sACR as an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.96, 95% CI=0.95-0.98, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A low sACR was significantly associated with elevated risk of pulmonary infection and MACE during hospitalization, as well as all-cause mortality during follow-up among patients with STEMI undergoing PCI. These findings highlighted sACR as an important prognostic marker in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Shijie Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Weibin He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Weikun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yeshen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yining Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hailing Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University
| | - Yuling Zhan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University
| | - Jiyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xuxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Chongyang Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
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Naldemir IF, Karaman AK, Güçlü D, Koç Ay E, Kayapınar O, Kaya A, Sarıgedik E, Altınsoy HB. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Radial Artery Intima Media Thickness and Complications at the Intervention Site After Radial Angiography. Angiology 2024; 75:480-485. [PMID: 37224185 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231177125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between pre-procedural radial intima-media thickness (rIMT) and radial artery thrombosis (RAO) in patients undergoing angiography using a transradial approach (TRA). Patients (n = 90) who underwent cerebral or peripheral arterial angiography using TRA were included in the study. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed before and 12 h after the procedure. Preoperative rIMT measurement was performed at the distal radial artery. Presence of radial artery occlusion was evaluated by ultrasonography after radial catheterization and revealed occlusive thrombus in the radial artery in 13 patients. rIMT was found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with thrombus (P < .05). When it was evaluated whether there was a correlation between age and rIMT, a positive significant correlation was found (P < .01). Our study suggests that increase of rIMT may be a risk factor for RAO in the intervention area. Before the procedure, ultrasound (US) assessment of the radial artery may be useful in determining the risk of occlusion. Thus, RAO-related technical risk factors (procedure time, number of punctures, sheath thickness, etc.) can be managed more carefully in patients having radial angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Kursat Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Güçlü
- Department of Radiology, Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Esra Koç Ay
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Kayapınar
- Department of Cardiology, Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Adnan Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Bahçeşehir University, Medikalpark Goztepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Sarıgedik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Kitselman A K, Bédard-Matteau J, Rousseau S, Tabrizchi R, Daneshtalab N. Sex differences in vascular endothelial function related to acute and long COVID-19. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107250. [PMID: 38043758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been at the forefront of health sciences research since its emergence in China in 2019 that quickly led to a global pandemic. As a result of this research, and the large numbers of infected patients globally, there were rapid enhancements made in our understanding of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathology, including its role in the development of uncontrolled immune responses and its link to the development of endotheliitis and endothelial dysfunction. There were also some noted differences in the rate and severity of infection between males and females with acute COVID. Some individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 also experience long-COVID, an important hallmark symptom of this being Myalgic Encephalomyelitis-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME-CFS), also experienced differently between males and females. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of sex on the vasculature during acute and long COVID-19, present any link between ME-CFS and endothelial dysfunction, and provide evidence for the relationship between ME-CFS and the immune system. We also will delineate biological sex differences observed in other post viral infections and, assess if sex differences exist in how the immune system responds to viral infection causing ME-CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Kitselman A
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jérôme Bédard-Matteau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Québec, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, RI-MUHC, Block EOffice EM3.2244Lab E03.21371001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Québec, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, RI-MUHC, Block EOffice EM3.2244Lab E03.21371001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Reza Tabrizchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- School of Pharmacy at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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Sinha D, Nagy-Mehesz A, Simionescu D, Mayer JE, Vyavahare N. Pentagalloyl glucose-stabilized decellularized bovine jugular vein valved conduits as pulmonary conduit replacement. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:97-110. [PMID: 37619898 PMCID: PMC10592392 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most frequently diagnosed congenital disorders, affecting approximately 40,000 live births annually in the United States. Out of the new patients diagnosed with CHD yearly, an estimated 2,500 patients require a substitute, non-native conduit artery to replace structures congenitally absent or hypoplastic. Devices used for conduit replacement encounter limitations exhibiting varying degrees of stiffness, calcification, susceptibility to infection, thrombosis, and a lack of implant growth capacity. Here, we report the functionality of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) stabilized decellularized valved bovine jugular vein conduit (PGG-DBJVC). The PGG-DBJVC tissues demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to native and glutaraldehyde fixed tissues, while exhibiting resistance to both collagenase and elastase enzymatic degradation. Subcutaneous implantation of tissues established their biocompatibility and resistance to calcification, while implantation in sheep in the pulmonary position demonstrated adequate implant functionality, and repopulation of host cells, without excessive inflammation. In conclusion, this PGG-DBJVC device could be a favorable replacement option for pediatric patients, reducing the need for reoperations required with current devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a common congenital disorder affecting many newborns in the United States each year. The use of substitute conduit arteries is necessary for some patients with CHD who have missing or underdeveloped structures. Current conduit replacement devices have limitations, including stiffness, susceptibility to infection and thrombosis, and lack of implant growth capacity. Pentagalloyl glucose-stabilized bovine jugular vein valved tissue (PGG-DBJVC) offers a promising solution as it is resistant to calcification, and biocompatible. When implanted in rats and as pulmonary conduit replacement in sheep, the PGG-DBJVC demonstrated cellular infiltration without excessive inflammation, which could lead to remodeling and integration with host tissue and eliminate the need for replacement as the child grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasha Sinha
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Agnes Nagy-Mehesz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Dan Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Naren Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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Atzemian N, Kareli D, Ragia G, Manolopoulos VG. Distinct pleiotropic effects of direct oral anticoagulants on cultured endothelial cells: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244098. [PMID: 37841935 PMCID: PMC10576449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) have simplified the treatment of thromboembolic disease. In addition to their established anticoagulant effects, there are indications from clinical and preclinical studies that DOACs exhibit also non-anticoagulant actions, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions, advocating overall cardiovascular protection. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge on the pleiotropic effects of DOACs on endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and their underlying mechanisms, while also identifying potential differences among DOACs. DOACs exhibit pleiotropic actions on ECs, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-fibrotic effects, as well as preservation of endothelial integrity. These effects appear to be mediated through inhibition of the proteinase-activated receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the potential differences among the four drugs in this class. Further research is needed to fully understand the pleiotropic effects of DOACs on ECs, their underlying mechanisms, as well as the heterogeneity between various DOACs. Such studies can pave the way for identifying biomarkers that can help personalize pharmacotherapy with this valuable class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Atzemian
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kareli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Marques IS, Tavares V, Neto BV, Mota INR, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Venous Thromboembolism: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12103. [PMID: 37569483 PMCID: PMC10418965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a common condition in Western countries, is a cardiovascular disorder that arises due to haemostatic irregularities, which lead to thrombus generation inside veins. Even with successful treatment, the resulting disease spectrum of complications considerably affects the patient's quality of life, potentially leading to death. Cumulative data indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may have a role in VTE pathogenesis. However, the clinical usefulness of these RNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for VTE management is yet unclear. Thus, this article reviewed the emerging evidence on lncRNAs associated with VTE and with the activity of the coagulation system, which has a central role in disease pathogenesis. Until now, ten lncRNAs have been implicated in VTE pathogenesis, among which MALAT1 is the one with more evidence. Meanwhile, five lncRNAs have been reported to affect the expression of TFPI2, an important anticoagulant protein, but none with a described role in VTE development. More investigation in this field is needed as lncRNAs may help dissect VTE pathways, aiding in disease prediction, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês N. R. Mota
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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Gucsav MO, Tatar D. A Scoring System to Determine the Risk Factors Causing Recurrent Pulmonary Thromboembolism. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:374-380. [PMID: 38301096 PMCID: PMC10685820 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of recurrence in pulmonary embolism is the highest in the first week after the acute event. Although it decreases over time, it may remain high for months depending on compliance with treatment and the nature of the underlying risk factor. Our study aimed to identify risk factors that lead to recurrence in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) patients and establish an easy-to-use scoring system that determines the risk of recurrence after the first embolism. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 1452 patients who were diagnosed with acute PTE between 7/1/2014 and 7/1/2019. Demographic data, comorbidities and clinical data of the patients, and risk factors were recorded. The relationship of the examined parameters with recurrent PTE was evaluated. RESULTS Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, obesity, and the presence of at least one hereditary risk factor were found to be associated with recurrence. The sensitivity of our score was 66.9%, the specificity was 63.2%, the positive predictive value was 19%, and the negative predictive value was 93.7%. The risk of recurrence in the patients identified as high-risk in the scoring system was 3.47 times higher than those identified as low-risk. CONCLUSION In terms of risk of recurrence, special attention should be paid to patients with diabetes, HT, obesity and any of the hereditary risk factors. Using scoring systems to determine the risk of recurrence will be valuable and interesting as it is easy-to-use, gives quick results and provides quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Onur Gucsav
- Department of Chest Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dursun Tatar
- Department of Chest Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Training and Research Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
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9
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Chu PY, Hsieh HY, Chung PS, Wang PW, Wu MC, Chen YQ, Kuo JC, Fan YJ. Development of vessel mimicking microfluidic device for studying mechano-response of endothelial cells. iScience 2023; 26:106927. [PMID: 37305698 PMCID: PMC10251125 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a device to mimic a microfluidic system of human arterial blood vessels. The device combines fluid shear stress (FSS) and cyclic stretch (CS), which are resulting from blood flow and blood pressure, respectively. The device can reveal real-time observation of dynamic morphological change of cells in different flow fields (continuous flow, reciprocating flow and pulsatile flow) and stretch. We observe the effects of FSS and CS on endothelial cells (ECs), including ECs align their cytoskeleton proteins with the fluid flow direction and paxillin redistribution to the cell periphery or the end of stress fibers. Thus, understanding the morphological and functional changes of endothelial cells on physical stimuli can help us to prevent and improve the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yun Hsieh
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pai-Wen Wang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Abstract
From the onset of the pandemic, evidence of cardiac involvement in acute COVID-19 abounded. Cardiac presentations ranged from arrhythmias to ischemia, myopericarditis/myocarditis, ventricular dysfunction to acute heart failure, and even cardiogenic shock. Elevated serum cardiac troponin levels were prevalent among hospitalized patients with COVID-19; the higher the magnitude of troponin elevation, the greater the COVID-19 illness severity and in-hospital death risk. Whether these consequences were due to direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of cardiac cells or secondary to inflammatory responses steered early cardiac autopsy studies. SARS-CoV-2 was reportedly detected in endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, and within the extracellular space. However, findings were inconsistent and different methodologies had their limitations. Initial autopsy reports suggested that SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis was common, setting off studies to find and phenotype inflammatory infiltrates in the heart. Nonetheless, subsequent studies rarely detected myocarditis. Microthrombi, cardiomyocyte necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrates without cardiomyocyte damage were much more common. In vitro and ex vivo experimental platforms have assessed the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and elucidated mechanisms of viral entry into and replication within cardiac cells. Data point to pericytes as the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 in the heart. Infection of pericytes can account for the observed pericyte and endothelial cell death, innate immune response, and immunothrombosis commonly observed in COVID-19 hearts. These processes are bidirectional and synergistic, rendering a definitive order of events elusive. Single-cell/nucleus analyses of COVID-19 myocardial tissue and isolated cardiac cells have provided granular data about the cellular composition and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures of COVID-19 and microthrombi-positive COVID-19 hearts. Still, much remains unknown and more in vivo studies are needed. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current understanding of COVID-19 cardiac pathophysiology. Cell type-specific mechanisms and the studies that provided such insights will be highlighted. Given the unprecedented pace of COVID-19 research, more mechanistic details are sure to emerge since the writing of this review. Importantly, our current knowledge offers significant clues about the cardiac pathophysiology of long COVID-19, the increased postrecovery risk of cardiac events, and thus, the future landscape of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY (E.J.T.)
| | - Daniela Cˇiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.C.)
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11
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Xuereb RA, Borg M, Vella K, Gatt A, Xuereb RG, Barbara C, Fava S, Magri CJ. LONG COVID SYNDROME: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. Am J Med 2023:S0002-9343(23)00299-1. [PMID: 37169323 PMCID: PMC10168190 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes various cardiovascular complications. However, it is unknown if there are cardiovascular sequelae in the medium and long-term. The aim of this study was dual. Firstly, we wanted to investigate symptomology and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at medium-term follow-up (6 months post-COVID). Secondly, we wanted to assess whether history of COVID-19 and persistent shortness of breath at medium-term follow-up are associated with ongoing inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiac injury. METHODS A case-control study was performed. Virologically proven COVID-19 cases and age- and gender-matched controls were interviewed to assess symptoms and HRQoL. Biochemical tests were also performed. RESULTS The study comprised 174 cases and 75 controls. The mean participants' age was 46.1±13.8 years. The median follow-up was of 173.5 days (IQR 129-193.25 days). There was no significant difference in the demographics between cases and controls. At follow-up, cases had a higher frequency of shortness of breath, fatigue, arthralgia, abnormal taste of food (p<0.001) and anosmia. Cases also exhibited worse scores in the general health and role physical domains of the Short Form Survey-36. hsCRP was significantly higher in cases and there was a positive correlation of hsCRP with time. Significant determinants of shortness of breath were age, female gender and white cell count, troponin I and lower haemoglobin levels at follow-up. CONCLUSION Post-COVID-19 patients have persistent symptomatology at medium-term follow-up. Higher hsCRP in cases and the positive association of hsCRP with time suggest ongoing systemic inflammation in patients persisting for months after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel-Anne Xuereb
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Alex Gatt
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | - Robert G Xuereb
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | - Christopher Barbara
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | - Stephen Fava
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta.
| | - Caroline J Magri
- Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta; University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
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12
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Pacia MZ, Chorazy N, Sternak M, Wojnar-Lason K, Chlopicki S. Vascular lipid droplets formed in response to TNF, hypoxia or OA: biochemical composition and prostacyclin generation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100355. [PMID: 36934842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of lipid droplets (LDs) in various cells plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the function of LDs in endothelial physiology and pathology is not well understood. In the present work, we investigated the formation of LDs and prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in the vascular tissue of isolated murine aortas following activation by pro-inflammatory factors: tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), angiotensin II (AngII), hypoxic conditions, or oleic acid (OA). The abundance, size, and biochemical composition of LDs was characterized based on Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging. We found that blockade of lipolysis by the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) delayed LDs degradation and simultaneously blunted PGI2 generation in aorta treated with all tested pro-inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, the analysis of Raman spectra of LDs in the isolated vessels stimulated by TNF, LPS, AngII, or hypoxia uncovered that these LDs were all rich in highly unsaturated lipids and had a negligible content of phospholipids and cholesterols. Additionally, by comparing the Raman signature of endothelial LDs under hypoxic or OA-overload conditions in the presence or absence of ATGL inhibitor, atglistatin, we show that atglistatin does not affect the biochemical composition of LDs. Altogether, independent of whether LDs were induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli, hypoxia, or oleic acid, and of whether they were composed of highly unsaturated or less unsaturated lipids, we observed LDs formation invariably associated with ATGL-dependent PGI2 generation. In conclusion, vascular LDs formation and ATGL-dependent PGI2 generation represent a universal response to vascular pro-inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Natalia Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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13
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Fainchtein K, Tera Y, Kearn N, Noureldin A, Othman M. Hypercoagulability and Thrombosis Risk in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Thromboelastography. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023; 49:111-118. [PMID: 36410399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of death in cancer. Cancer-induced hypercoagulable state contributes to thrombosis and is often overlooked. Prostate cancer may not be of high thrombogenic potential compared with other cancers, but its high prevalence brings it into focus. Pathological evidence for venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) in prostate cancer exists. Factors such as age, comorbidities, and therapies increase the VTE risk further. There is a need to systematically identify the risk of VTE in regard to patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related factors to risk stratify patients for better-targeted and individualized strategies to prevent VTE. Sensitive tests to enable such risk assessment are urgently required. There is sufficient evidence for the utility of thromboelastography (TEG) in cancer, but it is not yet part of the clinic and there is only limited data on the use of TEG in prostate cancer. One study revealed that compared with age-matched controls, 68.8% of prostate cancer patients demonstrated hypercoagulable TEG parameters. The absence of clinical guidelines is a limiting factor in TEG use in the cancer population. Cancer heterogeneity and the unique cancer-specific microenvironment in each patient, as well as determining the hypercoagulable state in each patient, are added limitations. The way forward is to combine efforts to design large multicenter studies to investigate the utility and clinical effectiveness of TEG in cancer and establish longitudinal studies to understand the link between hypercoagulable state and development of thrombosis. There is also a need to study low thrombogenic cancers as well as high thrombogenic ones. Awareness among clinicians and understanding of test applicability and interpretation are needed. Finally, expert discussion is critical to identify the investigation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Fainchtein
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yousra Tera
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Natalie Kearn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman Noureldin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,School of Baccalaureate Nursing, St. Lawrence College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Ayyoub S, Orriols R, Oliver E, Ceide OT. Thrombosis Models: An Overview of Common In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2569. [PMID: 36768891 PMCID: PMC9917341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusions in the blood vessels caused by blood clots, referred to as thrombosis, and the subsequent outcomes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In vitro and in vivo models of thrombosis have advanced our understanding of the complex pathways involved in its development and allowed the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for its management. This review summarizes different commonly used approaches to induce thrombosis in vivo and in vitro, without detailing the protocols for each technique or the mechanism of thrombus development. For ease of flow, a schematic illustration of the models mentioned in the review is shown below. Considering the number of available approaches, we emphasize the importance of standardizing thrombosis models in research per study aim and application, as different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in each model, and they exert varying responses to the same carried tests. For the time being, the selection of the appropriate model depends on several factors, including the available settings and research facilities, the aim of the research and its application, and the researchers' experience and ability to perform surgical interventions if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ayyoub
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Orriols
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gambardella J, Kansakar U, Sardu C, Messina V, Jankauskas SS, Marfella R, Maggi P, Wang X, Mone P, Paolisso G, Sorriento D, Santulli G. Exosomal miR-145 and miR-885 Regulate Thrombosis in COVID-19. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:109-115. [PMID: 35772782 PMCID: PMC9827505 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that exosomal microRNAs could be implied in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We isolated circulating exosomes from patients with COVID-19, and then we divided our population in two arms based on the D-dimer level on hospital admission. We observed that exosomal miR-145 and miR-885 significantly correlate with D-dimer levels. Moreover, we demonstrate that human endothelial cells express the main cofactors needed for the internalization of the "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), including angiotensin converting enzyme 2, transmembrane protease serine 2, and CD-147. Interestingly, human endothelial cells treated with serum from COVID-19 patients release significantly less miR-145 and miR-885, exhibit increased apoptosis, and display significantly impaired angiogenetic properties compared with cells treated with non-COVID-19 serum. Taken together, our data indicate that exosomal miR-145 and miR-885 are essential in modulating thromboembolic events in COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work demonstrates for the first time that two specific microRNAs (namely miR-145 and miR-885) contained in circulating exosomes are functionally involved in thromboembolic events in COVID-19. These findings are especially relevant to the general audience when considering the emerging prominence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 systemic manifestations known as Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.G., U.K., S.S.J., X.W., P.Mo.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (J.G., D.S., G.S.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (C.S., R.M., P. Ma., G.P.), and Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine (P.Ma.) University of Campania, Naples, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, "Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano" Hospital, Caserta, Italy (V.M.)
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Marei I, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Triggle CR. Biofunctionalization of cardiovascular stents to induce endothelialization: Implications for in- stent thrombosis in diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982185. [PMID: 36299902 PMCID: PMC9589287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stent thrombosis remains one of the main causes that lead to vascular stent failure in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity and is associated with suboptimal outcomes following PCI, and an increase in the incidence of late stent thrombosis. Evidence suggests that late stent thrombosis is caused by the delayed and impaired endothelialization of the lumen of the stent. The endothelium has a key role in modulating inflammation and thrombosis and maintaining homeostasis, thus restoring a functional endothelial cell layer is an important target for the prevention of stent thrombosis. Modifications using specific molecules to induce endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and function can improve stents endothelialization and prevent thrombosis. Blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a potential cell source for the in situ-endothelialization of vascular conduits and stents. We aim in this review to summarize the main biofunctionalization strategies to induce the in-situ endothelialization of coronary artery stents using circulating endothelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei, ; Chris R. Triggle,
| | | | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei, ; Chris R. Triggle,
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17
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Sun M, Chen Z, Song Y, Zhang B, Yang J, Tan H. PLXND1-mediated calcium dyshomeostasis impairs endocardial endothelial autophagy in atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:960480. [PMID: 36017337 PMCID: PMC9395636 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.960480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus detachment resulting in intracranial embolism is a major complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). Endocardial endothelial cell (EEC) injury leads to thrombosis, whereas autophagy protects against EEC dysfunction. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of autophagy in EECs during AF have not been elucidated. In this study, we isolated EECs from AF model mice and observed reduced autophagic flux and intracellular calcium concentrations in EECs from AF mice. In addition, we detected an increased expression of the mechanosensitive protein PLXND1 in the cytomembranes of EECs. PLXND1 served as a scaffold protein to bind with ORAI1 and further decreased ORAI1-mediated calcium influx. The decrease in the calcium influx-mediated phosphorylation of CAMK2 is associated with the inhibition of autophagy, which results in EEC dysfunction in AF. Our study demonstrated that the change in PLXND1 expression contributes to intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis, which inhibits autophagy flux and results in EEC dysfunction in AF. This study provides a potential intervention target for EEC dysfunction to prevent and treat intracardiac thrombosis in AF and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Yang, ; Hu Tan,
| | - Hu Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Yang, ; Hu Tan,
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18
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Thrombosis and Anticoagulation Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Autoimmune Dis 2022; 2022:3208037. [PMID: 35795725 PMCID: PMC9252713 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3208037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease in which pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complexes are formed and mediate multiple organ and tissue damage. Thrombosis is one of the most common causes of death in patients with SLE. Anticoagulant therapy blocks the vicious cycle between inflammation and thrombosis, which may greatly improve the long-term prognosis of patients with SLE. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are very complicated and have not yet been fully clarified. Therefore, in the present review, we will highlight the characteristics and mechanisms of thrombosis and focus on the anticoagulant drugs commonly used in clinical practice, thus, providing a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable anticoagulant therapy in clinical practice.
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19
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de Andrade SA, de Souza DA, Torres AL, de Lima CFG, Ebram MC, Celano RMG, Schattner M, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Critical Role of Hemostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896972. [PMID: 35719336 PMCID: PMC9205169 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, had its first cases identified in late 2019 and was considered a clinical pandemic in March 2020. In March 2022, more than 500 million people were infected and 6,2 million died as a result of this disease, increasingly associated with changes in human hemostasis, such as hypercoagulation. Numerous factors contribute to the hypercoagulable state, and endothelial dysfunction is the main one, since the activation of these cells can strongly activate platelets and the coagulation system. In addition, there is a dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to the SARS-CoV-2 takeover of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2, resulting in a strong immune response that could further damage the endothelium. Thrombus formation in the pulmonary microvasculature structure in patients with COVID-19 is an important factor to determine the severity of the clinical picture and the outcome of this disease. This review describes the hemostatic changes that occur in SARS-CoV-2 infection, to further improve our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the interaction between endothelium dysfunction, kallikrein-kinins, renin angiotensin, and the Coagulation/fibrinolysis systems as underlying COVID-19 effectors. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new effective therapeutic approaches, attenuating the severity of SARS-CoV-2’s infection and to reduce the deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis. Instituto de Medicina Experimental – CONICET -Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi, ; Mirta Schattner,
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi, ; Mirta Schattner,
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20
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Hann SY, Cui H, Zalud NC, Esworthy T, Bulusu K, Shen YL, Plesniak MW, Zhang LG. An in vitro analysis of the effect of geometry-induced flows on endothelial cell behavior in 3D printed small-diameter blood vessels. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212832. [PMID: 35929247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical recovery from vascular diseases has increasingly become reliant upon the successful fabrication of artificial blood vessels (BVs) or vascular prostheses due to the shortage of autologous vessels and the high incidence of vessel graft diseases. Even though many attempts at the clinical implementation of large artificial BVs have been reported to be successful, the development of small-diameter BVs remains one of the significant challenges due to the limitation of micro-manufacturing capacity in complexity and reproducibility, as well as the development of thrombosis. The present study aims to develop 3D printed small-diameter artificial BVs that recapitulate the longitudinal geometric elements in the native BVs using biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA). As their intrinsic physical properties are crystallinity dependent, we used two PLA filaments with different crystallinity to investigate the suitability of their physical properties in the micro-manufacturing of BVs. To explore the mechanism of venous thrombosis, our study provided a preliminarily comparative analysis of the effect of geometry-induced flows on the behavior of human endothelial cells (ECs). Our results showed that the adhered healthy ECs in the 3D printed BV exhibited regulated patterns, such as elongated and aligned parallel to the flow direction, as well as geometry-induced EC response mechanisms that are associated with hemodynamic shear stresses. Furthermore, the computational fluid dynamics simulation results provided insightful information to predict velocity profile and wall shear stress distribution in the geometries of BVs in accordance with their spatiotemporally-dependent cell behaviors. Our study demonstrated that 3D printed small-diameter BVs could serve as suitable candidates for fundamental BV studies and hold great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Nora Caroline Zalud
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Kartik Bulusu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Yin-Lin Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Michael W Plesniak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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21
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Lasica R, Djukanovic L, Mrdovic I, Savic L, Ristic A, Zdravkovic M, Simic D, Krljanac G, Popovic D, Simeunovic D, Rajic D, Asanin M. Acute Coronary Syndrome in the COVID-19 Era-Differences and Dilemmas Compared to the Pre-COVID-19 Era. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113024. [PMID: 35683411 PMCID: PMC9181081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous negative implications for all aspects of society. Although COVID-19 is a predominant lung disease, in 10-30% of cases, it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients occurs with a frequency between 7-36%. There is growing evidence of the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in COVID-19, both due to coronary artery thrombosis and insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium in conditions of an increased need. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major challenge for physicians. Often the presence of mixed symptoms, due to the combined presence of COVID-19 and ACS, as well as possible other diseases, nonspecific changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and often elevated serum troponin (cTn), create dilemmas in diagnosing ACS in COVID-19. Given the often-high ischemic risk, as well as the risk of bleeding, in these patients and analyzing the benefit/risk ratio, the treatment of patients with AMI and COVID-19 is often associated with dilemmas and difficult decisions. Due to delays in the application of the therapeutic regimen, complications of AMI are more common, and the mortality rate is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Lasica
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lazar Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Igor Mrdovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Lidija Savic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Dragan Simic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dejan Simeunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dubravka Rajic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Milika Asanin
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
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22
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Janjusevic M, Fluca AL, Gagno G, Pierri A, Padoan L, Sorrentino A, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G, Aleksova A. Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042336. [PMID: 35216451 PMCID: PMC8878509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis, since high glucose levels trigger multiple pathological processes, such as oxidative stress and hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In this context, recently approved drugs, such as glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), could be considered a powerful tool for to reduce glucose concentration and cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance have been found to be deficient in vitamin D. Recent studies pointed out the unfavorable prognostic values of T2DM and vitamin D deficiency in patients with cardiac dysfunction, either when considered individually or together, which shed light on the role of vitamin D in general health status. New evidence suggests that SGLT2i could adversely affect the production of vitamin D, thereby increasing the risk of fractures, which are common in patients with T2DM. Therefore, given the biological effects of vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory mediator and a regulator of endothelial function and calcium equilibrium, these new findings should be taken into consideration as well. The aim of this review is to gather the latest advancements regarding the use of antidiabetic and antiplatelet drugs coupled with vitamin D supplementation to control glucose levels, therefore reducing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria Della Misericordia, 06156 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Sorrentino
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-3405507762; Fax: +39-040-3994878
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23
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Mani G, Porter D, Grove K, Collins S, Ornberg A, Shulfer R. A comprehensive review of biological and materials properties of Tantalum and its alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1291-1306. [PMID: 35156305 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tantalum (Ta) and its alloys have been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, dental, and spinal fusion implants. This review evaluates the biological and material properties of Ta and its alloys. Specifically, the biological properties including hemocompatibility and osseointegration, and material properties including radiopacity, MRI compatibility, corrosion resistance, surface characteristics, semiconductivity, and mechanical properties are covered. This review highlights how the material properties of Ta and its alloys contribute to its excellent biological properties for use in implants and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Mani
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deanna Porter
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kent Grove
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shell Collins
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andreas Ornberg
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Shulfer
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Hematologic Disorders and Stroke. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Jiang S, Liu S, Lau S, Li J. Hemostatic biomaterials to halt non-compressible hemorrhage. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7239-7259. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-compressible hemorrhage is an unmet clinical challenge, which occurs in inaccessible sites in the body where compression cannot be applied to stop bleeding. Current treatments reliant on blood transfusion are...
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26
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Won T, Wood MK, Hughes DM, Talor MV, Ma Z, Schneider J, Skinner JT, Asady B, Goerlich E, Halushka MK, Hays AG, Kim DH, Parikh CR, Rosenberg AZ, Coppens I, Johns RA, Gilotra NA, Hooper JE, Pekosz A, Čiháková D. Endothelial thrombomodulin downregulation caused by hypoxia contributes to severe infiltration and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patient lungs. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103812. [PMID: 35033854 PMCID: PMC8756077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolism is a life-threatening manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated a dysfunctional phenotype of vascular endothelial cells in the lungs during COVID-19. METHODS We obtained the lung specimens from the patients who died of COVID-19. The phenotype of endothelial cells and immune cells was examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. We tested the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the endothelium using IHC and electron microscopy. FINDINGS The autopsy lungs of COVID-19 patients exhibited severe coagulation abnormalities, immune cell infiltration, and platelet activation. Pulmonary endothelial cells of COVID-19 patients showed increased expression of procoagulant von Willebrand factor (VWF) and decreased expression of anticoagulants thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). In the autopsy lungs of COVID-19 patients, the number of macrophages, monocytes, and T cells was increased, showing an activated phenotype. Despite increased immune cells, adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin were downregulated in pulmonary endothelial cells of COVID-19 patients. Notably, decreased thrombomodulin expression in endothelial cells was associated with increased immune cell infiltration in the COVID-19 patient lungs. There were no SARS-CoV-2 particles detected in the lung endothelium of COVID-19 patients despite their dysfunctional phenotype. Meanwhile, the autopsy lungs of COVID-19 patients showed SARS-CoV-2 virions in damaged alveolar epithelium and evidence of hypoxic injury. INTERPRETATION Pulmonary endothelial cells become dysfunctional during COVID-19, showing a loss of thrombomodulin expression related to severe thrombosis and infiltration, and endothelial cell dysfunction might be caused by a pathologic condition in COVID-19 patient lungs rather than a direct infection with SARS-CoV-2. FUNDING This work was supported by the Johns Hopkins University, the American Heart Association, and the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejoon Won
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan K Wood
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David M Hughes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zexu Ma
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jowaly Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John T Skinner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Beejan Asady
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erin Goerlich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Allison G Hays
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roger A Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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27
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Wei Y, Wang F, Guo Z, Zhao Q. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts and regeneration mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 165:40-53. [PMID: 34971664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are life-threatening diseases with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vascular bypass surgery is still the ultimate strategy for CVD treatment. Autografts are the gold standard for graft transplantation, but insufficient sources limit their widespread application. Therefore, alternative tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the major strategies for the preparation of vascular grafts, as well as the factors affecting their patency and tissue regeneration. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of vascular regeneration that are mediated by host cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wei
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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28
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Mizurini DM, Hottz ED, Bozza PT, Monteiro RQ. Fundamentals in Covid-19-Associated Thrombosis: Molecular and Cellular Aspects. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:785738. [PMID: 34977191 PMCID: PMC8718518 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with a high incidence of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism that may contribute to the worsening of the clinical outcome in affected patients. Marked increased D-dimer levels are the most common laboratory finding and have been repeatedly reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is followed by a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which mediate the activation of endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils in the vasculature. In this context, COVID-19-associated thrombosis is a complex process that seems to engage vascular cells along with soluble plasma factors, including the coagulation cascade, and complement system that contribute to the establishment of the prothrombotic state. In this review, we summarize the main findings concerning the cellular mechanisms proposed for the establishment of COVID-19-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. Mizurini
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lim YH, Youn JH, Hong SJ, Ahn TH, Yoon J, Park JK, Kim HS. A First-in-Man Clinical Evaluation of Sirolimus and Ascorbic Acid-Eluting Stent Systems: a Multicenter, Subject-Blinded, Randomized Study. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:1001-1014. [PMID: 34854580 PMCID: PMC8636762 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective, multi-center, randomized, comparative, and pivotal clinical study in patients with coronary artery occlusive disease was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of D+Storm™ drug-eluting stent (DES), a sirolimus-eluting stent coated with polylactic acid and ascorbic acid. Our results showed that in-segment late lumen loss of D+Storm™ DES group was non-inferior to BioMatrix Flex™ DES group and the total procedural success rate of D+Storm™ DES group was 100%. In addition, the safety of the D+Storm™ DES group at 36 weeks was also demonstrated in this study. Background and Objectives This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of D+Storm™ drug-eluting stent (DES) and BioMatrix Flex™ DES. Methods This study was a multicenter, subject-single-blind, randomized, and confirmed comparative clinical trial. According to the inclusion criteria, those diagnosed with stable angina, unstable angina, silent ischemia, or non-ST-segment myocardial infarction were selected among patients with coronary artery stenosis as subjects. Among the subjects with 50% stenosis on coronary angiography, the experiment was performed on those who had a lesion with reference vessel 2.5–4.0 mm in diameter and ≤40 mm in length. The primary endpoint was an in-segment late loss and the secondary endpoints were in-stent late lumen loss, stent malapposition, the incidence of mortality, myocardial infarction, reoperation, and stent thrombosis at 36 weeks. Results 57 patients in the D+Storm™ DES group and 55 patients in the BioMatrix Flex™ DES group were enrolled in the study. Fifty-seven patients in the D+Storm™ DES group and Fifty-five patients in the BioMatrix Flex™ DES group were enrolled in the study. An average of in-segment late lumen loss was 0.08±0.13 mm in the D+Storm™ DES group and 0.14±0.32 mm in the BioMatrix Flex™ DES group with no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.879). In addition, there was no significant difference in adverse events between D+Storm™ DES and BioMatrix Flex™ DES. Conclusions This study demonstrated the clinical effectiveness and safety of D+Storm™ DES implantation in patients with coronary artery disease over a 36-week follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyo Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Soon-Jun Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghan Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang H, Yeware A, Lee S, Zhan H. A Murine Model With JAK2V617F Expression in Both Hematopoietic Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells Recapitulates the Key Features of Human Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753465. [PMID: 34765558 PMCID: PMC8576565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by an expansion of the neoplastic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation can also be detected in patients with MPNs. In this study, we show that a murine model with both JAK2V617F-bearing hematopoietic cells and JAK2V617F-bearing vascular ECs recapitulated all the key features of the human MPN disease, which include disease transformation from essential thrombocythemia to myelofibrosis, extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis, and spontaneous cardiovascular complications. We also found that, during aging and MPN disease progression, there was a loss of both HSPC number and HSPC function in the marrow while the neoplastic hematopoiesis was relatively maintained in the spleen, mimicking the advanced phases of human MPN disease. Different vascular niche of the marrow and spleen could contribute to the different JAK2V617F mutant stem cell functions we have observed in this JAK2V617F-positive murine model. These results indicate that the spleen is functionally important for the JAK2V617F mutant neoplastic hematopoiesis during aging and MPN disease progression. Compared to other MPN murine models reported so far, our studies demonstrate that JAK2V617F-bearing vascular ECs play an important role in both the hematologic and cardiovascular abnormalities of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Amar Yeware
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sandy Lee
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
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Aminpour M, Delgado WEM, Wacker S, Noskov S, Houghton M, Tyrrell DLJ, Tuszynski JA. Computational determination of toxicity risks associated with a selection of approved drugs having demonstrated activity against COVID-19. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 34674775 PMCID: PMC8529228 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in thelate 2019 has caused a devastating global pandemic of the severe pneumonia-like disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccines have been and are being developed, they are not accessible to everyone and not everyone can receive these vaccines. Also, it typically takes more than 10 years until a new therapeutic agent is approved for usage. Therefore, repurposing of known drugs can lend itself well as a key approach for significantly expediting the development of new therapies for COVID-19. METHODS We have incorporated machine learning-based computational tools and in silico models into the drug discovery process to predict Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment identified from two independent studies mainly with the purpose of mitigating late-phase failures because of inferior pharmacokinetics and toxicity. RESULTS Here, we summarize the cardiotoxicity and general toxicity profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment and outline the risks of repurposing and propose a stratification of patients accordingly. We shortlist a total of five compounds based on their non-toxic properties. CONCLUSION In summary, this manuscript aims to provide a potentially useful source of essential knowledge on toxicity assessment of 90 compounds for healthcare practitioners and researchers to find off-label alternatives for the treatment for COVID-19. The majority of the molecules discussed in this manuscript have already moved into clinical trials and thus their known pharmacological and human safety profiles are expected to facilitate a fast track preclinical and clinical assessment for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aminpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2 Canada
| | - Williams Ernesto Miranda Delgado
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Soren Wacker
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Sergey Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - D. Lorne J. Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2 Canada
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Gonias SL. Plasminogen activator receptor assemblies in cell signaling, innate immunity, and inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C721-C734. [PMID: 34406905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are serine proteases and major activators of fibrinolysis in mammalian systems. Because fibrinolysis is an essential component of the response to tissue injury, diverse cells, including cells that participate in the response to injury, have evolved receptor systems to detect tPA and uPA and initiate appropriate cell-signaling responses. Formation of functional receptor systems for the plasminogen activators requires assembly of diverse plasma membrane proteins, including but not limited to: the urokinase receptor (uPAR); integrins; N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). The cell-signaling responses elicited by tPA and uPA impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. This review describes rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the structure and function of plasminogen activator receptor assemblies. How these receptor assemblies regulate innate immunity and inflammation is then considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
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Elnaggar M, Hasan ML, Bhang SH, Joung YK. Endothelial Cell-Derived Tethered Lipid Bilayers Generating Nitric Oxide for Endovascular Implantation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6381-6393. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elnaggar
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Lemon Hasan
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305−333, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305−333, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Dual Purinoceptor-dependent Approach on Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor From Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HMEC-1) and Endothelial Cell Condition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:349-359. [PMID: 32569015 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, the awareness of the role purinergic signaling plays as a therapeutic target has increased considerably. The purinoceptor allows the action of extracellular nucleotides (P2 receptors) and intermediary products of their metabolism, such as adenosine (P1 receptors), regulating pivotal processes occurring in the cardiovascular system. This study focuses on a dual purinoreceptor-dependent approach, based on the activation of adenosine P1 receptors with the simultaneous inhibition of P2Y12 receptors that can be used as novel platelet inhibitors in antithrombotic therapy. Endothelial cells are directly exposed to the drugs circulating in the bloodstream. That is why effects of our concept on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were examined in in vitro studies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and scratch assays. In response to adenosine receptor agonists, levels of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor varied. Two of them, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and MRE0094 remarkably increased vascular endothelial growth factor release. The elevated levels were reduced when used together with the P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Also, rates of wound closure in a scratch assay were significantly reduced in these cases. The results suggest that the proposed treatment does not impair endothelial cell condition. In addition, it is suggested as a collateral benefit, namely solving the problem of excessive activation of endothelial cells during antiplatelet therapy.
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Galván NTN, Paulsen SJ, Kinstlinger IS, Marini JC, Didelija IC, Yoeli D, Grigoryan B, Miller JS. Blood Flow Within Bioengineered 3D Printed Vascular Constructs Using the Porcine Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:629313. [PMID: 34164438 PMCID: PMC8215112 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.629313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed biofabrication technologies are enabling the production of three-dimensional engineered tissues containing vascular networks which can deliver oxygen and nutrients across large tissue volumes. Tissues at this scale show promise for eventual regenerative medicine applications; however, the implantation and integration of these constructs in vivo remains poorly studied. Here, we introduce a surgical model for implantation and direct in-line vascular connection of 3D printed hydrogels in a porcine arteriovenous shunt configuration. Utilizing perfusable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels fabricated through projection stereolithography, we first optimized the implantation procedure in deceased piglets. Subsequently, we utilized the arteriovenous shunt model to evaluate blood flow through implanted PEGDA hydrogels in non-survivable studies. Connections between the host femoral artery and vein were robust and the patterned vascular channels withstood arterial pressure, permitting blood flow for 6 h. Our study demonstrates rapid prototyping of a biocompatible and perfusable hydrogel that can be implanted in vivo as a porcine arteriovenous shunt, suggesting a viable surgical approach for in-line implantation of bioprinted tissues, along with design considerations for future in vivo studies. We further envision that this surgical model may be broadly applicable for assessing whether biomaterials optimized for 3D printing and cell function can also withstand vascular cannulation and arterial blood pressure. This provides a crucial step toward generated transplantable engineered organs, demonstrating successful implantation of engineered tissues within host vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Thao N Galván
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Paulsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ian S Kinstlinger
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan C Marini
- Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Inka C Didelija
- Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dor Yoeli
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jordan S Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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Mazzeo C, Quan M, Wong H, Castiglione M, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. JAK2V617F mutant endothelial cells promote neoplastic hematopoiesis in a mixed vascular microenvironment. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 90:102585. [PMID: 34139651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders. The hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment in patients with MPNs is heterogeneous with the presence of both wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells. Mechanisms responsible for mutant stem cell expansion in MPNs are not fully understood. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are an essential component of the hematopoietic microenvironment. ECs carrying the JAK2V617F mutation can be detected in patients with MPNs. Utilizing an ex vivo EC-HSPC co-culture system with mixed wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant ECs, we show that even small numbers of JAK2V617F mutant ECs can promote the expansion of JAK2V617F mutant HSPCs in preference to wild-type HSPCs during irradiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy, the two treatments commonly used in the conditioning regimen for stem cell transplantation, the only curative treatment for patients with MPNs. Mechanistically, we found that both cell-cell interactions and secreted factors are important for JAK2V617F mutant EC-mediated neoplastic hematopoiesis. Further understanding of how the JAK2V617F mutation alters vascular niche function will help identify new strategies to not only control neoplastic cell expansion but also prevent disease relapse in patients with MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moqing Quan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head, NY, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Office of the Sr. Vice President, Health Sciences, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
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Talotta R, Robertson ES. Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of post-COVID-19 vaccination thrombophilia: The straw that breaks the camel's back? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:52-60. [PMID: 34090785 PMCID: PMC8159713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), present in 1–5 % of healthy individuals, are associated with the risk of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is the most common form of acquired thrombophilia. APLs may appear following infections or vaccinations and have been reported in patients with COronaVIrus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, their association with COVID-19 vaccination is unclear. Notably, a few cases of thrombocytopenia and thrombotic events resembling APS have been reported to develop in recipients of either adenoviral vector- or mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this review is therefore to speculate on the plausible role of aPLs in the pathogenesis of these rare adverse events. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines can bind platelets and induce their destruction in the reticuloendothelial organs. Liposomal mRNA-based vaccines may instead favour activation of coagulation factors and confer a pro-thrombotic phenotype to endothelial cells and platelets. Furthermore, both formulations may trigger a type I interferon response associated with the generation of aPLs. In turn, aPLs may lead to aberrant activation of the immune response with participation of innate immune cells, cytokines and the complement cascade. NETosis, monocyte recruitment and cytokine release may further support endothelial dysfunction and promote platelet aggregation. These considerations suggest that aPLs may represent a risk factor for thrombotic events following COVID-19 vaccination, and deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU "Gaetano Martino", via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124, Messina, Italy.
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, 201E JP, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Gallogly S, Fujisawa T, Hung JD, Brittan M, Skinner EM, Mitchell AJ, Medine C, Luque N, Zodda E, Cascante M, Hadoke PW, Mills NL, Tura-Ceide O. Generation of a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Endothelial Dysfunction from Atherothrombotic Specimens. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:1281-1290. [PMID: 33608862 PMCID: PMC8578063 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. The study of diseased endothelium is very challenging due to inherent difficulties in isolating endothelial cells from the coronary vascular bed. We sought to isolate and characterise coronary endothelial cells from patients undergoing thrombectomy for myocardial infarction to develop a patient-specific in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 49 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with thrombus aspiration. Specimens were cultured, and coronary endothelial outgrowth (CEO) cells were isolated. CEO cells, endothelial cells isolated from peripheral blood, explanted coronary arteries, and umbilical veins were phenotyped and assessed functionally in vitro and in vivo. Results CEO cells were obtained from 27/37 (73%) atherothrombotic specimens and gave rise to cells with cobblestone morphology expressing CD146 (94 ± 6%), CD31 (87 ± 14%), and von Willebrand factor (100 ± 1%). Proliferation of CEO cells was impaired compared to both coronary artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells (population doubling time, 2.5 ± 1.0 versus 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.3 days, respectively). Cell migration was also reduced compared to umbilical vein endothelial cells (29 ± 20% versus 85±19%). Importantly, unlike control endothelial cells, dysfunctional CEO cells did not incorporate into new vessels or promote angiogenesis in vivo. Conclusions CEO cells can be reliably isolated and cultured from thrombectomy specimens in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Compared to controls, patient-derived coronary endothelial cells had impaired capacity to proliferate, migrate, and contribute to angiogenesis. CEO cells could be used to identify novel therapeutic targets to enhance endothelial function and prevent acute coronary syndromes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10557-021-07151-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gallogly
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takeshi Fujisawa
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John D Hung
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Skinner
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Medine
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neus Luque
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institute of Biomedicine-IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institute of Biomedicine-IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD) and Metabolomics Node at Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII-ES-ELIXIR), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick W Hadoke
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'InvestigacionsBiomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Stančič B, Qvarfordt B, Berglund MM, Brenden N, Sydow Bäckman M, Fransson M, Nordling S, Magnusson PU. The blood endothelial cell chamber - An innovative system to study immune responses in drug development. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107237. [PMID: 33310662 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The risk for adverse immune-mediated reactions, associated with the administration of certain immunotherapeutic agents, should be mitigated early. Infusion reactions to monoclonal antibodies and other biopharmaceuticals, known as cytokine release syndrome, can arise from the release of cytokines via the drug target cell, as well as the recruitment of immune effector cells. While several in vitro cytokine release assays have been proposed up to date, many of them lack important blood components, required for this response to occur. The blood endothelial cell chamber model is an in vitro assay, composed of freshly drawn human whole blood and cultured human primary endothelial cells. Herein, its potential to study the compatibility of immunotherapeutics with the human immune system was studied by evaluating three commercially available monoclonal antibodies and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. We demonstrate that the anti-CD28 antibody TGN1412 displayed an adaptive cytokine release profile and a distinct IL-2 response, accompanied with increased CD3+ cell recruitment. Alemtuzumab exhibited a clear cytokine response with a mixed adaptive/innate source (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-6). Its immunosuppressive nature is observed in depleted CD3+ cells. Cetuximab, associated with low infusion reactions, showed a very low or absent stimulatory effect on proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, bacterial endotoxin demonstrated a clear innate cytokine response, defined by TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β release, accompanied with a strong recruitment of CD14+CD16+ cells. Therefore, the blood endothelial cell chamber model is presented as a valuable in vitro tool to investigate therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with respect to cytokine release and vascular immune cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina Stančič
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bodil Qvarfordt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Nina Brenden
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 112 76 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Moa Fransson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Castiglione M, Jiang Y, Mazzeo C, Lee S, Chen J, Kaushansky K, Yin W, Lin RZ, Zheng H, Zhan H. Endothelial JAK2V617F mutation leads to thrombosis, vasculopathy, and cardiomyopathy in a murine model of myeloproliferative neoplasm. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3359-3370. [PMID: 32920974 PMCID: PMC7756295 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F plays a central role in these disorders. Mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular dysfunction in MPNs are not fully understood, limiting the effectiveness of current treatment. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation can be detected in patients with MPNs. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the JAK2V617F mutation alters endothelial function to promote cardiovascular complications in patients with MPNs. APPROACH AND RESULTS We employed murine models of MPN in which the JAK2V617F mutation is expressed in specific cell lineages. When JAK2V617F is expressed in both blood cells and vascular ECs, the mice developed MPN and spontaneous, age-related dilated cardiomyopathy with an increased risk of sudden death as well as a prothrombotic and vasculopathy phenotype on histology evaluation. In contrast, despite having significantly higher leukocyte and platelet counts than controls, mice with JAK2V617F-mutant blood cells alone did not demonstrate any cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that JAK2V617F-mutant ECs are required for this cardiovascular disease phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the JAK2V617F mutation promotes a pro-adhesive, pro-inflammatory, and vasculopathy EC phenotype, and mutant ECs respond to flow shear differently than wild-type ECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the JAK2V617F mutation can alter vascular endothelial function to promote cardiovascular complications in MPNs. Therefore, targeting the MPN vasculature represents a promising new therapeutic strategy for patients with MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya‐Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Molecular CardiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | - Sandy Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Juei‐Suei Chen
- Department of MedicineStony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Office of the Sr. Vice PresidentHealth SciencesStony Brook MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Molecular CardiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
- Medical ServiceNorthport VA Medical CenterNorthportNYUSA
| | - Haoyi Zheng
- Cardiac ImagingThe Heart CenterSaint Francis HospitalRoslynNYUSA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of MedicineStony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
- Medical ServiceNorthport VA Medical CenterNorthportNYUSA
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Masoudi A, Wang X, Xue X, Li M, Xiao Q, Wang M, Liu J, Wang H. Comprehensive analysis of protein expression levels and phosphorylation levels in host skin in response to tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) bite. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103898. [PMID: 32682108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are parasitic arthropods that suck blood from the surface of most vertebrates. They can transmit a variety of pathogens. The blood sucking of ticks causes varying degrees of damage to the skin of the host. Proteins related to immune regulation, vascular repair, and wound healing in mammalian skin respond to tick bites by regulating their expression and post-translational modifications to protect the skin from injury. Phosphorylation of proteins, as the most common post-translational modification of proteins, plays an important role in the rapid regulation of cell signal transduction, gene expression and cell cycle. To systematically explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms employed by mammalian skin to resist tick bites, larval, nymphal, and adult Haemaphysalis longicornis were used to bite the skin tissues of healthy rabbits in the present study. The quantitative proteomic technology data-independent acquisition was then carried out to investigate in depth the changes in protein expression and phosphorylation in rabbit skin after tick bite. The results showed that among the 4034 proteins and 1795 phosphorylated proteins identified, a total of 202 proteins and 435 phosphorylation sites were changed after H. longicornis bite. In order to provide convenience for sucking blood, active substances in the saliva of H. longicornis injected into the rabbit's skin can cause the expression level of trichohyalin and peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 in the skin of the host downregulate, which can make the host hair loss and regeneration disorders. At the same time, the active substances in saliva of the H. longicornis led to the phosphorylation of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 in the host's skin and further inactivation, so as to delay the healing of the host wound. In response to tick bites, the host skin promotes coagulation through high expression of fibrinogen and fibronectin, and vascular repair through high expression of integrin linked kinase and tenascin C, as well as accelerated phosphorylation of the phosphorylated protein Nck adaptor protein 1, and wound healing through high expression of ezrin and integrin. The upregulation of proteins such as coronin, NADPH oxidase, calnexin, and calreticulin and phosphorylation level of IL-4R in the host skin after the H. longicornis bite indicated that the immune response was playing an important defensive role in response to tick bites. Meanwhile, we found that the upregulated two lectins, mannose receptor C-type 1 and DC-SIGN, may serve as molecular makers to identify and monitor whether the skin is bitten by ticks. SIGNIFICANCE: Haemaphysalis longicornis are parasitic arthropods that suck blood from the surface of most vertebrates. They can transmit a variety of pathogens and are harmful to humans and livestock. The present study is the first quantitative proteomic study on protein expression levels in the rabbit skin after infection by H. longicornis. It is also the first quantitative phosphoproteomic study in the host skin infected by ticks. In this study, we found that tick bites cause the host hair loss and regeneration disorders. For resisting tick bite, the host activates the immune response and initiates vascular repair and wound-healing systems. In addition, some phosphorylated proteins promote host immunity and vascular repair. These results can help us further understand the defence mechanism of the host against tick bites, provide a basis for the development of an anti-tick vaccine, the development of anti-tick drugs, and the diagnosis of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Abolfazl Masoudi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Minjing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China.
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Wu KK, Kuo CC, Yet SF, Lee CM, Liou JY. 5-methoxytryptophan: an arsenal against vascular injury and inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:79. [PMID: 32635910 PMCID: PMC7341587 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is an endothelial factor with anti-inflammatory properties. It is synthesized from L-tryptophan via two enzymatic steps: tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines suppress endothelial 5-MTP production by inhibiting TPH-1 expression. 5-MTP protects endothelial barrier function and promotes endothelial repair, while it blocks vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation. 5-MTP controls macrophage transmigration and activation by inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. 5-MTP administration attenuates arterial intimal hyperplasia, defends against systemic inflammation and prevents renal fibrosis in relevant murine models. Serum 5-MTP level is depressed in human sepsis as well as in mice with sepsis-like disorder. It is reduced in chronic kidney disease and acute myocardial infarction in humans. The reported data suggest that serum 5-MTP may be a theranostic biomarker. In summary, 5-MTP represents a new class of tryptophan metabolite which defends against inflammation and inflammation-mediated tissue damage and fibrosis. It may be a valuable lead compound for developing new drugs to treat complex human inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. .,College of Life Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ming Lee
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
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Soloveva EY, Amelina IP. Cerebral small vessel disease’s impact on the development of chronic cerebral ischemia: paradigms of treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2020-2-16-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the issues of treatment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the most common pathological processes that is a leading cause of different types of cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment. It also discusses the reasons for the development of small vessel pathology, which is usually referred to as the “chronic cerebral ischemia” in the Russian neurology. Emphasis is made on the etiopathogenetic factors affecting small calibre vessels, in which the metabolic-angiogenic mechanisms, in particular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, are dominant.Difficulties in studying CSVD are explained by the disease course features and the insufficient introduction of unified approaches to the terminology and diagnosis. The article presents new data on the pathogenesis of small vessel disease based on the clinical and pathological findings and achievements of neuroimaging. A modern classification is provided, the clinical manifestations of vascular cognitive disorders associated with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described in detail.The authors consider the issue of choosing and using drugs for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through the lens of understanding their own clinical experience and scientific research findings. They provide data of their own research on the antioxidant status and changes in the phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during separate and combined administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (Neurox) and citicoline (Neupilept), which are natural metabolites and are involved in biochemical processes throughout the body. Based on the literature review and their own data, the authors conclude that complex pharmacological therapy can be effectively used in patients with CSVD, which is due to various points of “application” of pharmacological activity in the pathogenetic processes chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. P. Amelina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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44
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Implications of Hemostasis Disorders in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia-An In-Depth Comparison of Selected Factors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030659. [PMID: 32121363 PMCID: PMC7141251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease. Among patients with atherosclerosis, those suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represent a group of individuals with particularly high death risk, especially during the course of critical limb ischemia (CLI). In the pathogenesis of PAD/CLI complications, blood coagulation disorders play a significant role. The study aim was to examine the activation of the coagulation system depending on tissue factor (TF) in patients with CLI as compared with those with intermittent claudication (IC). Methods: Before initiating proper treatment (invasive or maintenance), blood samples were collected from 65 patients with CLI and 15 with IC to measure the following selected hemostasis parameters: concentrations and activation of tissue factor (TF Ag and TF Act) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI Ag and TFPI Act), concentrations of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT Ag) and fibrinogen, platelet count (PLT), and concentrations of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA Ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and D-dimer. The control group included 30 healthy volunteers (10 female/20 male). Results: The values of all analyzed parameters (except for lower TFPI Act) were significantly higher in the blood of PAD patients (with respect to PLT only in the CLI subgroup) in comparison with healthy subjects. The blood of patients with CLI as compared to the IC subgroup revealed much higher concentrations of TF Ag (p < 0.001), with slightly decreased TF Act, significantly lower concentrations of TFPI Ag (p < 0.001), slightly increased TFPI Act, and significantly higher levels of TAT Ag (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (p = 0.026), and D-dimer (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with CLI, we can observe coagulation activation and a shifting balance toward prothrombotic processes. Furthermore, increased concentrations of D-dimer suggest a secondary activation of fibrinolysis and confirm the phenomenon as a prothrombotic condition with heightened fibrinolysis.
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Rizwan M, Yao Y, Gorbet MB, Tse J, Anderson DEJ, Hinds MT, Yim EKF. One-Pot Covalent Grafting of Gelatin on Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel to Enhance Endothelialization and Hemocompatibility for Synthetic Vascular Graft Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:693-703. [PMID: 32656504 PMCID: PMC7351135 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Patency rates of clinically-utilized small diameter synthetic vascular grafts such as Dacron® and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) to treat cardiovascular disease are inadequate due to lack of endothelialization. Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) crosslinked PVA could be potentially employed as blood-compatible small diameter vascular graft for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, PVA severely lacks cell adhesion properties, and the efforts to endothelialize STMP-PVA have been insufficient to produce a functioning endothelium. To this end, we developed a one-pot method to conjugate cell-adhesive protein via hydroxyl-to-amine coupling using carbonyldiimidazole by targeting residual hydroxyl groups on crosslinked STMP-PVA hydrogel. Primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) demonstrated significantly improved cells adhesion, viability and spreading on modified PVA. Cells formed a confluent endothelial monolayer, and expressed vinculin focal adhesions, cell-cell junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin). Extensive characterization of the blood-compatibility was performed on modified PVA hydrogel by examining platelet activation, platelet microparticle formation, platelet CD61 and CD62P expression, and thrombin generation, which showed that the modified PVA was blood-compatible. Additionally, grafts were tested under whole, flowing blood without any anticoagulants in a non-human primate, arteriovenous shunt model. No differences were seen in platelet or fibrin accumulation between the modified-PVA, unmodified PVA or clinical, ePTFE controls. This study presents a significant step in the modification of PVA for the development of next generation in situ endothelialized synthetic vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Maud B. Gorbet
- Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - John Tse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Deirdre E. J. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Evelyn K. F. Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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46
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Elnaggar MA, Han DK, Joung YK. Nitric oxide releasing lipid bilayer tethered on titanium and its effects on vascular cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lopera Higuita M, Griffiths LG. Small Diameter Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Vascular Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:26-45. [PMID: 31663438 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, despite the success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) remains among the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures in the United States. Unfortunately, the use of autologous grafts in CABG presents a major clinical challenge as complications due to autologous vessel harvest and limited vessel availability pose a significant setback in the success rate of CABG surgeries. Acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from xenogeneic vascular tissues have the potential to overcome these challenges, as they offer unlimited availability and sufficient length to serve as "off-the-shelf" CABGs. Unfortunately, regardless of numerous efforts to produce a fully functional small diameter xenogeneic ECM scaffold, the combination of factors required to overcome all failure mechanisms in a single graft remains elusive. This article covers the major failure mechanisms of current xenogeneic small diameter vessel ECM scaffolds, and reviews the recent advances in the field to overcome these failure mechanisms and ultimately develop a small diameter ECM xenogeneic scaffold for CABG. Impact Statement Currently, the use of autologous vessel in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is common practice. However, the use of autologous tissue poses significant complications due to tissue harvest and limited availability. Developing an alternative vessel for use in CABG can potentially increase the success rate of CABG surgery by eliminating complications related to the use of autologous vessel. However, this development has been hindered by an array of failure mechanisms that currently have not been overcome. This article describes the currently identified failure mechanisms of small diameter vascular xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds and reviews current research targeted to overcoming these failure mechanisms toward ensuring long-term graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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48
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Shklover J, McMasters J, Alfonso-Garcia A, Higuita ML, Panitch A, Marcu L, Griffiths L. Bovine pericardial extracellular matrix niche modulates human aortic endothelial cell phenotype and function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16688. [PMID: 31723198 PMCID: PMC6853938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic biomaterials contain biologically relevant extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization, making them potentially ideal surgical grafts and tissue engineering scaffolds. Defining the effect of ECM niche (e.g., basement membrane vs. non-basement membrane) on repopulating cell phenotype and function has important implications for use of xenogeneic biomaterials, particularly in vascular applications. We aim to understand how serous (i.e., basement membrane) versus fibrous (i.e., non-basement membrane) ECM niche of antigen-removed bovine pericardium (AR-BP) scaffolds influence human aortic endothelial cell (hAEC) adhesion, growth, phenotype, inflammatory response and laminin production. At low and moderate seeding densities hAEC proliferation was significantly increased on the serous side. Similarly, ECM niche modulated cellular morphology, with serous side seeding resulting in a more rounded aspect ratio and intact endothelial layer formation. At moderate seeding densities, hAEC production of human laminin was enhanced following serous seeding. Finally, inflammatory marker and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression decreased following long-term cell growth regardless of seeding side. This work demonstrates that at low and moderate seeding densities AR-BP sidedness significantly impacts endothelial cell growth, morphology, human laminin production, and inflammatory state. These findings suggest that ECM niche has a role in modulating response of repopulating recipient cells toward AR-BP scaffolds for vascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Shklover
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - James McMasters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Manuela Lopera Higuita
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Leigh Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States.
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49
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Peghaire C, Dufton NP, Lang M, Salles-Crawley II, Ahnström J, Kalna V, Raimondi C, Pericleous C, Inuabasi L, Kiseleva R, Muzykantov VR, Mason JC, Birdsey GM, Randi AM. The transcription factor ERG regulates a low shear stress-induced anti-thrombotic pathway in the microvasculature. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5014. [PMID: 31676784 PMCID: PMC6825134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells actively maintain an anti-thrombotic environment; loss of this protective function may lead to thrombosis and systemic coagulopathy. The transcription factor ERG is essential to maintain endothelial homeostasis. Here, we show that inducible endothelial ERG deletion (ErgiEC-KO) in mice is associated with spontaneous thrombosis, hemorrhages and systemic coagulopathy. We find that ERG drives transcription of the anticoagulant thrombomodulin (TM), as shown by reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. TM expression is regulated by shear stress (SS) via Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). In vitro, ERG regulates TM expression under low SS conditions, by facilitating KLF2 binding to the TM promoter. However, ERG is dispensable for TM expression in high SS conditions. In ErgiEC-KO mice, TM expression is decreased in liver and lung microvasculature exposed to low SS but not in blood vessels exposed to high SS. Our study identifies an endogenous, vascular bed-specific anticoagulant pathway in microvasculature exposed to low SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peghaire
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N P Dufton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Lang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I I Salles-Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Ahnström
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Kalna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Raimondi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Pericleous
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Inuabasi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - V R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J C Mason
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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50
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Emerging Role of Vitamin D and its Associated Molecules in Pathways Related to Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110649. [PMID: 31653092 PMCID: PMC6920963 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides having an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, also acts as a mediator of many non-calcemic effects through modulations of several biological responses. Vitamin D exists in its two major forms, vitamin D2, or commonly known as ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3, or commonly known as cholecalciferol. Both of these forms bind to vitamin D-binding protein to get transported to all vital target organs, where it serves as a natural ligand to vitamin D receptors for enabling their biological actions. Clinical reports corroborating vitamin D deficiency with an increase in thrombotic episodes implicate the role of vitamin D and its associated molecule in the regulation of thrombosis-related pathways. Thrombosis is the formation and propagation of a blood clot, known as thrombus. It can occur either in the arterial or the venous system resulting in many severe complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia, and venous thromboembolism. Vitamin D, directly or indirectly, controls the expression of several genes responsible for the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. All of these are the processes of potential relevance to thrombotic disorders. This review, thus, discussed the effects of vitamin D on pathways involved in thrombosis, such as hemostatic process, inflammatory pathway, and endothelial cell activation, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with them.
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