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Kanaan MN, Pileggi CA, Karam CY, Kennedy LS, Fong-McMaster C, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Harper ME. Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT controls skeletal muscle glutathione redox, bioenergetics and differentiation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103213. [PMID: 38815331 PMCID: PMC11167394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine, the rate-controlling amino acid in cellular glutathione synthesis is imported as cystine, by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, xCT, and subsequently reduced to cysteine. As glutathione redox is important in muscle regeneration in aging, we hypothesized that xCT exerts upstream control over skeletal muscle glutathione redox, metabolism and regeneration. Bioinformatic analyses of publicly available datasets revealed that expression levels of xCT and GSH-related genes are inversely correlated with myogenic differentiation genes. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) isolated from Slc7a11sut/sut mice, which harbour a mutation in the Slc7a11 gene encoding xCT, required media supplementation with 2-mercaptoethanol to support cell proliferation but not myotube differentiation, despite persistently lower GSH. Slc7a11sut/sut primary myotubes were larger compared to WT myotubes, and also exhibited higher glucose uptake and cellular oxidative capacities. Immunostaining of myogenic markers (Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin) in cardiotoxin-damaged tibialis anterior muscle fibres revealed greater MuSC activation and commitment to differentiation in Slc7a11sut/sut muscle compared to WT mice, culminating in larger myofiber cross-sectional areas at 21 days post-injury. Slc7a11sut/sut mice subjected to a 5-week exercise training protocol demonstrated enhanced insulin tolerance compared to WT mice, but blunted muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in response to exercise training. Our results demonstrate that the absence of xCT inhibits cell proliferation but promotes myotube differentiation by regulating cellular metabolism and glutathione redox. Altogether, these results support the notion that myogenesis is a redox-regulated process and may help inform novel therapeutic approaches for muscle wasting and dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel N Kanaan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Dr. Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charbel Y Karam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Luke S Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Lin F, Sun L, Zhang Y, Gao W, Chen Z, Liu Y, Tian K, Han X, Liu R, Li Y, Shen L. Mitochondrial stress response and myogenic differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381417. [PMID: 38681520 PMCID: PMC11055459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration and repair are prerequisites for maintaining effective function of skeletal muscle under high energy demands, and myogenic differentiation is one of the key steps in the regeneration and repair process. A striking feature of the process of myogenic differentiation is the alteration of mitochondria in number and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can activate a number of transcriptional, translational and post-translational programmes and pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis under different types and degrees of stress, either through its own signaling or through constant signaling interactions with the nucleus and cytoplasm, a process known as the mitochondrial stress responses (MSRs). It is now believed that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of muscle diseases caused by reduced levels of myogenic differentiation, suggesting the possibility that MSRs are involved in messaging during myogenic differentiation. Also, MSRs may be involved in myogenesis by promoting bioenergetic remodeling and assisting myoblast survival during myogenic differentiation. In this review, we will take MSRs as an entry point to explore its concrete regulatory mechanisms during myogenic differentiation, with a perspective to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment and repair of related muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruize Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Zhu P, Peek CB. Circadian timing of satellite cell function and muscle regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:307-339. [PMID: 38670711 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted an important role for the molecular circadian machinery in the regulation of tissue-specific function and stress responses. Indeed, disruption of circadian function, which is pervasive in modern society, is linked to accelerated aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, evidence supporting the importance of the circadian clock within both the mature muscle tissue and satellite cells to regulate the maintenance of muscle mass and repair capacity in response injury has recently emerged. Here, we review the discovery of circadian clocks within the satellite cell (a.k.a. adult muscle stem cell) and how they act to regulate metabolism, epigenetics, and myogenesis during both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Clara B Peek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Esteca MV, Divino IA, Vieira da Silva AL, Severino MB, Braga RR, Ropelle ER, Simabuco FM, Baptista IL. Parkin is a critical player in the effects of caffeine over mitochondrial quality control pathways during skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14111. [PMID: 38314948 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on pathways associated with mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial capacity during skeletal muscle regeneration, focusing on the role of Parkin, a key protein involved in mitophagy. METHODS We used in vitro C2C12 myoblast during differentiation with and without caffeine in the medium, and we evaluated several markers of mitochondrial quality control pathways and myotube growth. In vivo experiments, we used C57BL/6J (WT) and Parkintm 1Shn lineage (Parkin-/- ) mice and injured tibial anterior muscle. The mice regenerated TA muscle for 3, 10, and 21 days with or without caffeine ingestion. TA muscle was used to analyze the protein content of several markers of mitochondrial quality pathways, muscle satellite cell differentiation, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, it analyzed mtDNA, mitochondrial respiration, and myofiber growth. RESULTS C2C12 differentiation experiments showed that caffeine decreased Parkin content, potentially leading to increased DRP1 and PGC-1α content and altered mitochondrial population, thereby enhancing growth capacity. Using Parkin-/- mice, we found that caffeine intake during the regenerative process induces an increase in AMPKα phosphorylation and PGC-1α and TFAM content, changes that were partly Parkin-dependent. In addition, the absence of Parkin potentiates the ergogenic effect of caffeine by increasing mitochondrial capacity and myotube growth. Those effects are related to increased ATF4 content and activation of protein synthesis pathways, such as increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that caffeine ingestion changes mitochondrial quality control during skeletal muscle regeneration, and Parkin is a central player in those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Esteca
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - I A Divino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A L Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - M B Severino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - R R Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I L Baptista
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Huang T, Li H, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Luo Y, Yan H, Zheng P, Yu J, Huang Z. Dietary Ferulic Acid Increases Endurance Capacity by Promoting Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Phenotype, Mitochondrial Function, and Antioxidant Capacity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200719. [PMID: 38193241 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Endurance capacity is essential for endurance athletes' achievement and individuals' health. Nutritional supplements are a proven way to enhance endurance capacity. Previous studies have shown that ferulic acid (FA) enhances endurance capacity, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The study is aimed to investigate the mechanism by which FA increases endurance capacity. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty mice are divided into control and 0.5% FA-supplemented groups, and an exhaustive swimming test demonstrates increased endurance capacity with FA supplementation. This study investigates the underlying mechanism for this effect of FA. Firstly, RT-PCR and western blot analysis find that FA increases the transformation from fast to slow muscle fiber. Additionally, adenosine triphosphate concentration, metabolic enzyme activity, and mitochondrial DNA analysis find that FA increases mitochondrial biogenesis and activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF)1 signaling pathway in muscle. Besides, through antioxidant capacity analysis, this study finds that FA activates NRF2 signaling pathway and improves the antioxidant capacity in muscle. Moreover, inhibiting NRF2 eliminates FA's effect on muscle fiber transformation in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that FA increases endurance capacity by promoting skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype, mitochondrial function, and antioxidant capacity, which may be related to the NRF1 and NRF2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
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6
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Hu B, Zhao C, Pan X, Wei H, Mo G, Xian M, Luo W, Nie Q, Li H, Zhang X. Local GHR roles in regulation of mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:148. [PMID: 37337300 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoblast differentiation requires metabolic reprogramming driven by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. The canonical GH-GHR-IGFs axis in liver exhibits a great complexity in response to somatic growth. However, the underlying mechanism of whether local GHR acts as a control valve to regulate mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation remains unknown. METHODS We manipulated the GHR expression in chicken primary myoblast to investigate its roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and function during myoblast differentiation. RESULTS We reported that GHR is induced during myoblast differentiation. Local GHR promoted mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the fluorescence intensity of Mito-Tracker Green staining and MitoTimer reporter system, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM) and mtDNA encoded gene (ND1, CYTB, COX1, ATP6), as well as mtDNA content. Consistently, local GHR enhanced mitochondrial function during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level and ROS production. We next revealed that the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function by GHR depends on IGF1. In terms of the underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that IGF1 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Additionally, GHR knockdown repressed myoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data corroborate that local GHR acts as a control valve to enhance mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis via IGF1-PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway during myoblast differentiation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Poliacikova G, Barthez M, Rival T, Aouane A, Luis NM, Richard F, Daian F, Brouilly N, Schnorrer F, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y, Saurin AJ. M1BP is an essential transcriptional activator of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3187. [PMID: 37268614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is the predominant energy source for aerobic muscle contraction in adult animals. How the cellular and molecular components that support aerobic muscle physiology are put in place during development through their transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Using the Drosophila flight muscle model, we show that the formation of mitochondria cristae harbouring the respiratory chain is concomitant with a large-scale transcriptional upregulation of genes linked with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during specific stages of flight muscle development. We further demonstrate using high-resolution imaging, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses that Motif-1-binding protein (M1BP) transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes encoding critical components for OXPHOS complex assembly and integrity. In the absence of M1BP function, the quantity of assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes is reduced and OXPHOS proteins aggregate in the mitochondrial matrix, triggering a strong protein quality control response. This results in isolation of the aggregate from the rest of the matrix by multiple layers of the inner mitochondrial membrane, representing a previously undocumented mitochondrial stress response mechanism. Together, this study provides mechanistic insight into the transcriptional regulation of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development and identifies M1BP as a critical player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poliacikova
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Barthez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Aïcha Aouane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Richard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Corinne Maurel-Zaffran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Norikura T, Sasaki Y, Kojima-Yuasa A, Kon A. Glyoxylic Acid, an α-Keto Acid Metabolite Derived from Glycine, Promotes Myogenesis in C2C12 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071763. [PMID: 37049603 PMCID: PMC10096605 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Keto acids may help prevent malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who consume protein-restricted diets, because they serve as amino acid sources without producing nitrogenous waste compounds. However, the physiological roles of α-keto acids, especially those derived from non-essential amino acids, remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of glyoxylic acid (GA), an α-keto acid metabolite derived from glycine, on myogenesis in C2C12 cells. Differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis were used as myogenesis indicators. Treatment with GA for 6 d resulted in an increase in the expression of differentiation markers (myosin heavy chain II and myogenic regulatory factors), mitochondrial biogenesis, and intracellular amounts of amino acids (glycine, serine, and alanine) and their metabolites (citric acid and succinic acid). In addition, GA treatment suppressed the 2.5-µM dexamethasone (Dex)-induced increase in mRNA levels of ubiquitin ligases (Trim63 and Fbxo32), muscle atrophy markers. These results indicate that GA promotes myogenesis, suppresses Dex-induced muscle atrophy, and is metabolized to amino acids in muscle cells. Although further in vivo experiments are needed, GA may be a beneficial nutrient for ameliorating the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in patients with CKD on a strict dietary protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Norikura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaro Sasaki
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kon
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
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Flierl A, Schriner SE, Hancock S, Coskun PE, Wallace DC. The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters in myogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:312-327. [PMID: 35714845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenine Nucleotide Translocator isoforms (ANTs) exchange ADP/ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, are also voltage-activated proton channels and regulate mitophagy and apoptosis. The ANT1 isoform predominates in heart and muscle while ANT2 is systemic. Here, we report the creation of Ant mutant mouse myoblast cell lines with normal Ant1 and Ant2 genes, deficient in either Ant1 or Ant2, and deficient in both the Ant1 and Ant2 genes. These cell lines are immortal under permissive conditions (IFN-γ + serum at 32 °C) permitting expansion but return to normal myoblasts that can be differentiated into myotubes at 37 °C. With this system we were able to complement our Ant1 mutant studies by demonstrating that ANT2 is important for myoblast to myotube differentiation and myotube mitochondrial respiration. ANT2 is also important in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defenses. ANT2 is also associated with increased oxidative stress response and modulation for Ca++ sequestration and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mtPTP) pore during cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Flierl
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samuel E Schriner
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saege Hancock
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Pinar E Coskun
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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10
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Vuchkovska V, DiNello E, Osorio-Valencia S, Kuo IY. Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a key determinant of in vitro myogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C333-C346. [PMID: 35675637 PMCID: PMC9291421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00159.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle (myogenesis) is a well-orchestrated process where myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle and differentiate into myotubes. Signaling by fluxes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is known to contribute to myogenesis, and increased mitochondrial biogenesis is required to meet the metabolic demand of mature myotubes. However, gaps remain in the understanding of how intracellular Ca2+ signals can govern myogenesis. Polycystin-2 (PC2 or TRPP1) is a nonselective cation channel permeable to Ca2+. It can interact with intracellular calcium channels to control Ca2+ release and concurrently modulates mitochondrial function and remodeling. Due to these features, we hypothesized that PC2 is a central protein in mediating both the intracellular Ca2+ responses and mitochondrial changes seen in myogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we created CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) C2C12 murine myoblast cell lines. PC2 KO cells were unable to differentiate into myotubes, had impaired spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations, and did not develop depolarization-evoked Ca2+ transients. The autophagic-associated pathway beclin-1 was downregulated in PC2 KO cells, and direct activation of the autophagic pathway resulted in decreased mitochondrial remodeling. Re-expression of full-length PC2, but not a calcium channel dead pathologic mutant, restored the differentiation phenotype and increased the expression of mitochondrial proteins. Our results establish that PC2 is a novel regulator of in vitro myogenesis by integrating PC2-dependent Ca2+ signals and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabeth DiNello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sara Osorio-Valencia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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11
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Cai S, Duo T, Wang X, Tong X, Luo C, Chen Y, Li J, Mo D. A Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Profiles of Embryonic Skeletal Muscle from Lantang and Landrace Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040420. [PMID: 35203128 PMCID: PMC8868109 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pig is one of the most important domesticated meat animals. Some studies have revealed that pigs with low meat production show more intense myogenesis at the early stage of embryonic muscle development than pigs with high meat production. Here, by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC–MS based metabolomics, we concluded that the nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism of the longissimuslumborum (LL) were increased in Lantang pigs compared with Landrace pigs, indicating rapid synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP to meet the material and energy requirements of rapid cell proliferation and differentiation in Lantang pigs. Abstract Elucidation of the complex regulation of porcine muscle development is key to increasing pork output and improving pork quality. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in early porcine embryonic muscle development in different pig breeds remain largely unknown. Here, GC–MS based metabolomics and metabolomic profiling was used to examine the longissimus lumborum (LL) of the Lantang (LT) and the Landrace (LR) pig at embryonic day 35 (E35). Metabolites showed clear separation between LT and LR, with 40 metabolites having higher abundances in LT and 14 metabolites having lower abundances in LT compared with LR. In addition, these metabolic changes were mainly associated with nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism, such as purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle. More interestingly, the contents of DNA, RNA, and ATP per unit mass of LL tissues were higher in LT, indicating rapid synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP, to meet both the material and energy requirements of rapid cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, enzyme activity associated with the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway, including α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase (KGDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), were higher in LT. Based on these results, we conclude that there are significant differences in nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism of LL between LT and LR, and we speculate that the enhanced nucleic acid metabolism and energy metabolism in LT can meet the material and energy requirements of rapid cell proliferation and differentiation, making myogenesis more intense in LT compared to LR which might be the metabolic mechanism underlying the distinct skeletal muscle development in the two breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding & Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (C.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tianqi Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding & Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding & Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-020-38765361 (J.L.); +86-020-39332991 (D.M.)
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.D.); (X.W.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-020-38765361 (J.L.); +86-020-39332991 (D.M.)
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12
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Tan B, Wang S, Wang S, Zeng J, Hong L, Li Z, Yang J, Cai G, Zheng E, Wu Z, Gu T. Genome-Wide Analysis of H3K27me3 in Porcine Embryonic Muscle Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739321. [PMID: 34805148 PMCID: PMC8602352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is one of the most important chromatin modifications, which is generally presented as a repressive mark in various biological processes. However, the dynamic and global-scale distribution of H3K27me3 during porcine embryonic muscle development remains unclear. Here, our study provided a comprehensive genome-wide view of H3K27me3 and analyzed the matching transcriptome in the skeletal muscles on days 33, 65, and 90 post-coitus from Duroc fetuses. Transcriptome analysis identified 4,124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed the key transcriptional properties in three stages. We found that the global H3K27me3 levels continually increased during embryonic development, and the H3K27me3 level was negatively correlated with gene expression. The loss of H3K27me3 in the promoter was associated with the transcriptional activation of 856 DEGs in various processes, including skeletal muscle development, calcium signaling, and multiple metabolic pathways. We also identified for the first time that H3K27me3 could enrich in the promoter of genes, such as DES, MYL1, TNNC1, and KLF5, to negatively regulate gene expression in porcine satellite cells (PSCs). The loss of H3K27me3 could promote muscle cell differentiation. Taken together, this study provided the first genome-wide landscape of H3K27me3 in porcine embryonic muscle development. It revealed the complex and broad function of H3K27me3 in the regulation of embryonic muscle development from skeletal muscle morphogenesis to myofiber maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiekang Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Torres-Velarde JM, Kolora SRR, Khudyakov JI, Crocker DE, Sudmant PH, Vázquez-Medina JP. Elephant seal muscle cells adapt to sustained glucocorticoid exposure by shifting their metabolic phenotype. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R413-R428. [PMID: 34260302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elephant seals experience natural periods of prolonged food deprivation while breeding, molting, and undergoing postnatal development. Prolonged food deprivation in elephant seals increases circulating glucocorticoids without inducing muscle atrophy, but the cellular mechanisms that allow elephant seals to cope with such conditions remain elusive. We generated a cellular model and conducted transcriptomic, metabolic, and morphological analyses to study how seal cells adapt to sustained glucocorticoid exposure. Seal muscle progenitor cells differentiate into contractile myotubes with a distinctive morphology, gene expression profile, and metabolic phenotype. Exposure to dexamethasone at three ascending concentrations for 48 h modulated the expression of six clusters of genes related to structural constituents of muscle and pathways associated with energy metabolism and cell survival. Knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and downstream expression analyses corroborated that GR mediates the observed effects. Dexamethasone also decreased cellular respiration, shifted the metabolic phenotype toward glycolysis, and induced mitochondrial fission and dissociation of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions without decreasing cell viability. Knockdown of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), a GR target involved in the dissociation of mitochondria-ER membranes, recovered respiration and modulated antioxidant gene expression in myotubes treated with dexamethasone. These results show that adaptation to sustained glucocorticoid exposure in elephant seal myotubes involves a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, which is supported by alterations in mitochondrial morphology and a reduction in mitochondria-ER interactions, resulting in decreased respiration without compromising cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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14
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Maldonado M, Chen J, Lujun Y, Duan H, Raja MA, Qu T, Huang T, Gu J, Zhong Y. The consequences of a high-calorie diet background before calorie restriction on skeletal muscles in a mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16834-16858. [PMID: 34166224 PMCID: PMC8266348 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) are numerous. However, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR on skeletal muscles in an experimental mouse model. Herein we present empirical evidence showing significant interactions between HCD (4 months) and CR (3 months). Pectoralis major and quadriceps femoris vastus medialis, in the experimental and control groups, displayed metabolic and physiologic heterogeneity and remarkable plasticity, according to the dietary interventions. HCD-CR not only altered genetic activation patterns of satellite SC markers but also boosted the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and key activators of mitochondrial biogenesis, which in turn were also associated with metabolic fiber transition. Our data prompt us to theorize that the effects of CR may vary according to the physiologic, metabolic, and genetic peculiarities of the skeletal muscle described here and that INTM/IM lipid infiltration and tissue-specific fuel-energy status (demand/supply) both hold dependent-interacting roles with other key anti-aging mechanisms triggered by CR. Systematic integration of an HCD with CR appears to bring potential benefits for skeletal muscle function and energy metabolism. However, at this stage of our research, an optimal balance between the two dietary conditions, where anti-aging effects can be accomplished, is under intensive investigation in combination with other tissues and organs at different levels of organization within the organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yang Lujun
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Duan
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raja
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
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15
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Female Mice Are Protected from Metabolic Decline Associated with Lack of Skeletal Muscle HuR. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060543. [PMID: 34204316 PMCID: PMC8233974 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic flexibility describes the ability to adapt to utilization of metabolic fuels such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as they become available. The RNA binding protein HuR controls this flexibility in mouse and human skeletal muscle, but the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain poorly characterized. Additionally, studies from mice indicate that HuR control of metabolic flexibility may be more essential for males than females. This is because males lacking HuR in skeletal muscle develop hallmarks of insulin sensitivity, while females have not been shown to do so. Here we examine this sexual dimorphism in mice lacking HuR in skeletal muscle. Our results reveal that lack of HuR in skeletal muscle drives increased adiposity regardless of sex, but that this increase in adiposity drives the development of insulin resistance in male animals only. Additionally, relative to male mice, the detrimental metabolic phenotype associated with HuR inhibition in skeletal muscle can be corrected by feeding of a diet heavily composed of either lipids or carbohydrates. Abstract Male mice lacking HuR in skeletal muscle (HuRm−/−) have been shown to have decreased gastrocnemius lipid oxidation and increased adiposity and insulin resistance. The same consequences have not been documented in female HuRm−/− mice. Here we examine this sexually dimorphic phenotype. HuRm−/− mice have an increased fat mass to lean mass ratio (FM/LM) relative to controls where food intake is similar. Increased body weight for male mice correlates with increased blood glucose during glucose tolerance tests (GTT), suggesting increased fat mass in male HuRm−/− mice as a driver of decreased glucose clearance. However, HuRm−/− female mice show decreased blood glucose levels during GTT relative to controls. HuRm−/− mice display decreased palmitate oxidation in skeletal muscle relative to controls. This difference is more robust for male HuRm−/− mice and more exaggerated for both sexes at high dietary fat. A high-fat diet stimulates expression of Pgc1α in HuRm−/− male skeletal muscle, but not in females. However, the lipid oxidation Pparα pathway remains decreased in HuRm−/− male mice relative to controls regardless of diet. This pathway is only decreased in female HuRm−/− mice fed high fat diet. A decreased capacity for lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle in the absence of HuR may thus be linked to decreased glucose clearance in male but not female mice.
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16
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Rahman FA, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial network remodeling: an important feature of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4653-4675. [PMID: 33751143 PMCID: PMC11072563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the mitochondrial network is a critical process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is intimately related to mitochondrial function. The interplay between the formation of new mitochondria (biogenesis) and the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) provide a means for the repopulation of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, mitochondrial fission and fusion serve as a bridge between biogenesis and mitophagy. In recent years, the importance of these processes has been characterised in multiple tissue- and cell-types, and under various conditions. In skeletal muscle, the robust remodeling of the mitochondrial network is observed, particularly after injury where large portions of the tissue/cell structures are damaged. The significance of mitochondrial remodeling in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration has been widely studied, with alterations in mitochondrial remodeling processes leading to incomplete regeneration and impaired skeletal muscle function. Needless to say, important questions related to mitochondrial remodeling and skeletal muscle regeneration still remain unanswered and require further investigation. Therefore, this review will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial network remodeling, as well as integrate these mechanisms and discuss their relevance in myogenesis and regenerating skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ahmad Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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17
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Alrashidi H, Eaton S, Heales S. Biochemical characterization of proliferative and differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line as a model for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105009. [PMID: 33684546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. The cellular pathology includes dopamine depletion, decrease in mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity, lysosomal glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity and glutathione levels. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line is one of the most widely used cell line models for Parkinson's disease. However, the consensus on its suitability as a model in its proliferative or differentiated state is lacking. In this study, we characterized and compared the biochemical processes most often studied in PD. This in proliferative and differentiated phenotypes of SH-SY5Y cells and several differences were found. Most notably, extracellular dopamine metabolism was significantly higher in differentiated SH-SY5Y. Furthermore, there was a greater variability in glutathione levels in proliferative phenotype (+/- 49%) compared to differentiated (+/- 16%). Finally, enzyme activity assay revealed significant increase in the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase activity in differentiated phenotype. In contrast, our study has found similarities between the two phenotypes in mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression. The results of this study demonstrate that despite coming from the same cell line, these cells possess some key differences in their biochemistry. This highlights the importance of careful characterization of relevant disease pathways to assess the suitability of cell lines, such as SH-SY5Y cells, for modelling PD or other diseases, i.e. when using the same cell line but different differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Alrashidi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Simon Eaton
- Development Biology and Cancer, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon Heales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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18
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Lu Y, Mao J, Han X, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Q. Downregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α improves myoblast differentiation under hypoxic condition in mouse genioglossus. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1351-1364. [PMID: 33389500 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome targets the narrow anatomic structure of the upper airway (UA) and lacks an effective therapy for UA dilator muscle dysfunction. Long-term hypoxia can cause damage to UA dilator muscles and trigger a vicious cycle. We previously confirmed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) upregulation mediates muscle fatigue in hypoxia condition, but the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. The present study investigated the intrinsic mechanisms and related pathways of HIF-1α that affect myoblast differentiation, with an aim to search for compounds that have protective effects in hypoxic condition. Differentiation of myoblasts was induced under hypoxia, and we found that hypoxia significantly inhibits the differentiation of myoblasts, damages the ultrastructure of mitochondria, and reduces the expression of myogenin, PGC-1β and pAMPKα1. HIF-1α has a negative regulation effect on AMPK. Downregulation of HIF-1α increases the expression of the abovementioned proteins, promotes the differentiation of myoblasts, and protects mitochondrial integrity. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis occurs during myogenic differentiation. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, decreases the level of PGC-1β, and increases apoptosis. Resveratrol dimer can reverse the mitochondrial damage induced by AMPK pathway inhibition and decrease myoblast apoptosis. Our results provided a regulatory mechanism for hypoxic injury in genioglossus which may contribute to the pathogenesis and treatment of OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Hebei Medical University, 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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19
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Jahnke VE, Peterson JM, Van Der Meulen JH, Boehler J, Uaesoontrachoon K, Johnston HK, Defour A, Phadke A, Yu Q, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 33308300 PMCID: PMC7730798 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsense or loss-of-function mutations in the non-lysosomal cysteine protease calpain-3 result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). While calpain-3 is implicated in muscle cell differentiation, sarcomere formation, and muscle cytoskeletal remodeling, the physiological basis for LGMD2A has remained elusive. METHODS Cell growth, gene expression profiling, and mitochondrial content and function were analyzed using muscle and muscle cell cultures established from healthy and calpain-3-deficient mice. Calpain-3-deficient mice were also treated with PPAR-delta agonist (GW501516) to assess mitochondrial function and membrane repair. The unpaired t test was used to assess the significance of the differences observed between the two groups or treatments. ANOVAs were used to assess significance over time. RESULTS We find that calpain-3 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscles and myoblasts. Calpain-3-deficient myoblasts showed increased proliferation, and their gene expression profile showed aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Myotube gene expression analysis further revealed altered lipid metabolism in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Mitochondrial defects were validated in vitro and in vivo. We used GW501516 to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo in 7-month-old calpain-3-deficient mice. This treatment improved satellite cell activity as indicated by increased MyoD and Pax7 mRNA expression. It also decreased muscle fatigability and reduced serum creatine kinase levels. The decreased mitochondrial function also impaired sarcolemmal repair in the calpain-3-deficient skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial activity by acute pyruvate treatment improved sarcolemmal repair. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that calpain-3 deficiency in the skeletal muscle is associated with poor mitochondrial biogenesis and function resulting in poor sarcolemmal repair. Addressing this deficit by drugs that improve mitochondrial activity offers new therapeutic avenues for LGMD2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Jahnke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jennifer M Peterson
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jack H Van Der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jessica Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Helen K Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aurelia Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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20
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Peng Y, Yue F, Chen J, Xia W, Huang K, Yang G, Kuang S. Phosphatase orphan 1 inhibits myoblast proliferation and promotes myogenic differentiation. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21154. [PMID: 33140469 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myogenesis includes sequential stages of progenitor cell proliferation, myogenic commitment and differentiation, myocyte fusion, and myotube maturation. Different stages of myogenesis are orchestrated and regulated by myogenic regulatory factors and various downstream cellular signaling. Here we identify phosphatase orphan 1 (Phospho1) as a new player in myogenesis. During activation, proliferation, and differentiation of quiescent satellite cells, the expression of Phospho1 gradually increases. Overexpression of Phospho1 inhibits myoblast proliferation but promotes their differentiation and fusion. Conversely, knockdown of Phospho1 accelerates myoblast proliferation but impairs myotube formation. Moreover, knockdown of Phospho1 decreases the OXPHO protein levels and mitochondria density, whereas overexpression of Phospho1 upregulates OXPHO protein levels and promotes mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Finally, we show that Phospho1 expression is controlled by myogenin, which binds to the promoter of Phospho1 to regulate its transcription. These results indicate a key role of Phospho1 in regulating myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuilong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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21
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Yuan T, Keijer J, Guo AH, Lombard DB, de Boer VCJ. An optimized desuccinylase activity assay reveals a difference in desuccinylation activity between proliferative and differentiated cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17030. [PMID: 33046741 PMCID: PMC7552388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinylation is a novel post-translational modification identified on many proteins and is involved in multiple biological processes. Succinylation levels are dynamically regulated, balanced by succinylation and desuccinylation processes, and are closely connected to metabolic state in vivo. Sirtuins have been shown to possess NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in vitro and in vivo, among which the desuccinylation activity of SIRT5 is most extensively studied. Our understanding of the response of succinylation levels to different metabolic conditions, is hampered by the lack of a fast NAD+-dependent desuccinylation assay in a physiological context. In the present study, we therefore optimized and validated a fluorescence-based assay for measuring NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in cell lysates. Our results demonstrated that shorter and stricter reaction time was critical to approach the initial rate of NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in crude cell lysate systems, as compared to the desuccinylation reaction of purified His-SIRT5. Analysis of desuccinylation activity in SIRT5 knockout HEK293T cells confirmed the relevance of SIRT5 in cellular desuccinylation activity, as well as the presence of other NAD+-dependent desuccinylase activities. In addition, we were able to analyse desuccinylation and deacetylation activity in multiple cell lines using this assay. We showed a remarkably higher desuccinylase activity, but not deacetylase activity, in proliferative cultured muscle and adipose cells in comparison with their differentiated counterparts. Our results reveal an alteration in NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity under different metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Yuan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | - Angela H Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
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22
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KAP1-associated transcriptional inhibitory complex regulates C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis via miR-133a repression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:732. [PMID: 32908124 PMCID: PMC7481787 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of myoblasts plays a key role in the growth of biological individuals and the reconstruction of muscle tissue. Several microRNAs are significantly upregulated during the differentiation of myoblasts and their target genes have been explored. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of microRNAs remain elusive. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-133a is increased during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. miR-133a mimic is sufficient to induce the biogenesis of mitochondria and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts whereas miR-133a inhibitor abolishes cell differentiation. Using CRISPR affinity purification in situ of regulatory elements (CAPTURE) technique, we further dissected the regulatory mechanisms of miR-133a expression and found that KAP1-associated transcription complex accounts for the suppression of miR-133a in C2C12 myoblasts. Knockdown of KAP1 increased the expression of miR-133a, which contributed to the biogenesis of mitochondria and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the CAPTURE technology to identify the regulatory factors of miR-133a during cell differentiation, which may provide new ideas for understanding the precision regulatory machinery of microRNAs during different biological processes.
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23
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Qin T, Koneva LA, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Arthur AE, Zarins KR, Carey TE, Chepeha D, Wolf GT, Rozek LS, Sartor MA. Significant association between host transcriptome-derived HPV oncogene E6* influence score and carcinogenic pathways, tumor size, and survival in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2020; 42:2375-2389. [PMID: 32406560 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6, E7, and shorter isoforms of E6 (E6*) are known carcinogenic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little is known regarding E6* functions. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq data from 68 HNSCC HPV type 16-positive tumors to determine host genes and pathways associated with E6+E7 expression (E6E7) or the percent of full-length E6 (E6%FL). Influence scores of E6E7 and E6%FL were used to test for associations with clinical variables. RESULTS For E6E7, we recapitulated all major known affected pathways and revealed additional pathways. E6%FL was found to affect mitochondrial processes, and E6%FL influence score was significantly associated with overall survival and tumor size. CONCLUSIONS HPV E6E7 and E6* result in extensive, dose-dependent compensatory effects and dysregulation of key cancer pathways. The switch from E6 to E6* promotes oxidative phosphorylation, larger tumor size, and worse prognosis, potentially serving as a prognostic factor for HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yidan Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Purohit G, Dhawan J. Adult Muscle Stem Cells: Exploring the Links Between Systemic and Cellular Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:312. [PMID: 31921837 PMCID: PMC6915107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that metabolites are important regulators of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function and fate. While highly proliferative in early life, MuSCs reside in adult skeletal muscle tissue in a quiescent and metabolically depressed state, but are critical for the homeostatic maintenance and regenerative response of the tissue to damage. It is well established that metabolic activity in MuSC changes with their functional activation, but the spatiotemporal links between physiological metabolism and stem cell metabolism require explicit delineation. The quiescent MuSC is defined by a specific metabolic state, which is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors during physiological and pathological tissue dynamics. However, the extent of tissue and organismal level changes driven by alteration in metabolic state of quiescent MuSC is currently not well defined. In addition to their role as biosynthetic precursors and signaling molecules, metabolites are key regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging evidence points to metabolic control of epigenetic mechanisms in MuSC and their impact on muscle regenerative capacity. In this review, we explore the links between cell-intrinsic, tissue level, and systemic metabolic state in the context of MuSC metabolic state, quiescence, and tissue homeostasis to highlight unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Purohit
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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26
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Fix DK, Washington TA, Greene NP. Muscle alterations in the development and progression of cancer-induced muscle atrophy: a review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:25-41. [PMID: 31725360 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia-cancer-associated body weight and muscle loss-is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients across a variety of cancer types. However, despite the negative prognosis associated with cachexia onset, there are no clinical therapies approved to treat or prevent cachexia. This lack of treatment may be partially due to the relative dearth of literature on mechanisms occurring within the muscle before the onset of muscle wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile the current scientific literature on mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of cancer cachexia, including protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We define "development" as changes in cell function occurring before the onset of cachexia and "progression" as alterations to cell function that coincide with the exacerbation of muscle wasting. Overall, the current literature suggests that multiple aspects of cellular function, such as protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial quality, are altered before the onset of muscle loss during cancer cachexia and clearly highlights the need to study more thoroughly the developmental stages of cachexia. The studying of these early aberrations will allow for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the onset of cachexia and improve health outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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27
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Northam C, LeMoine CMR. Metabolic regulation by the PGC-1α and PGC-1β coactivators in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:60-67. [PMID: 31004809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family is composed of three coactivators whose role in regulating mammalian bioenergetics regulation is clear, but is much less certain in other vertebrates. Current evidence suggests that in fish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β may exhibit much less redundancy in the control of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis compared to mammals. To assess these roles directly, we knocked down PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression with morpholinos in zebrafish embryos, and we investigated the resulting molecular and physiological phenotypes. First, we found no effects of either morpholinos on larval hatching, heart rates and oxygen consumption over the first few days of development. Next, at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), we confirmed by real time PCR a specific knock down of both coactivators, that resulted in a significant reduction in the transcript levels of citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) in both morphant groups. However, there was no effect on transcription factors' gene expression except for a marked reduction in estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) transcripts in PGC-1α morphants. Finally, we assessed whole embryonic enzyme activity for CS, cytochrome oxidase (COX), HOAD and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) at 4 dpf. The only significant effect of the knockdown was a reduced CS activity in PGC-1α morphants and a counterintuitive increase of cytochrome oxidase activity in PGC-1β morphants. Overall, our results indicate that in larval zebrafish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β both play a role in regulating expression of important mitochondrial genes potentially through ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Northam
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
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28
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Lima TI, Guimarães D, Sponton CH, Bajgelman MC, Palameta S, Toscaro JM, Reis O, Silveira LR. Essential role of the PGC-1α/PPARβ axis in Ucp3 gene induction. J Physiol 2019; 597:4277-4291. [PMID: 31228206 DOI: 10.1113/jp278006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We report that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)/PPARβ axis is a crucial mediator of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression in skeletal muscle cells via the transactivativation of a distal PPAR response element at the Ucp3 gene promoter. This mechanism is activated during the myogenic process and by high concentrations of fatty acids independent of PGC-1α protein levels. Ucp3 is essential for PGC-1α-induced oxidative capacity and the adaptive mitochondrial response to fatty acid exposure. These findings provide further evidence for the broad spectrum of the coactivator action in mitochondrial homeostasis, positioning the PGC-1ɑ/PPARβ axis as an essential component of the molecular regulation of Ucp3 gene in skeletal muscle cells. ABSTRACT Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) has an essential role in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the expression of Ucp3 are poorly known. In the present study, we show that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)/PPARβ axis is a crucial mediator of Ucp3 expression in skeletal muscle cells. In silico analysis of the UCP3 promoter and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the induction of the UCP3 transcript is mediated by the transactivation of a distal PPAR response element at the Ucp3 gene promoter by the coactivator PGC-1α. This mechanism is activated during myogenesis and during metabolic stress induced by fatty acids independent of PGC-1α protein levels. We also provide evidence that Ucp3 is essential for PGC-1α-induced oxidative capacity. Taken together, our results highlight PGC-1ɑ/PPARβ as an essential component of the molecular regulation of Ucp3 gene in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanes I Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Guimarães
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Sponton
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Soledad Palameta
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Reis
- Central Laboratory of High Performance Technologies (LaCTAD), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
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29
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Zhu P, Zhang C, Gao Y, Wu F, Zhou Y, Wu WS. The transcription factor Slug represses p16 Ink4a and regulates murine muscle stem cell aging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2568. [PMID: 31189923 PMCID: PMC6561969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p16Ink4a-associated senescence pathway during aging breaks muscle homeostasis and causes degenerative muscle disease by irreversibly dampening satellite cell (SC) self-renewal capacity. Here, we report that the zinc-finger transcription factor Slug is highly expressed in quiescent SCs of mice and functions as a direct transcriptional repressor of p16Ink4a. Loss of Slug promotes derepression of p16Ink4a in SCs and accelerates the entry of SCs into a fully senescent state upon damage-induced stress. p16Ink4a depletion partially rescues defects in Slug-deficient SCs. Furthermore, reduced Slug expression is accompanied by p16Ink4a accumulation in aged SCs. Slug overexpression ameliorates aged muscle regeneration by enhancing SC self-renewal through active repression of p16Ink4a transcription. Our results identify a cell-autonomous mechanism underlying functional defects of SCs at advanced age. As p16Ink4a dysregulation is the chief cause for regenerative defects of human geriatric SCs, these findings highlight Slug as a potential therapeutic target for aging-associated degenerative muscle disease. Muscle regeneration depends on self-renewal of muscle stem cells but how this is regulated on aging is unclear. Here, the authors identify Slug as regulating p16Ink4a in quiescent muscle stem cells, and when Slug expression reduces in aged stem cells, p16Ink4a accumulates, causing regenerative defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Furen Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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30
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Serrage HJ, Joanisse S, Cooper PR, Palin W, Hadis M, Darch O, Philp A, Milward MR. Differential responses of myoblasts and myotubes to photobiomodulation are associated with mitochondrial number. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800411. [PMID: 30701682 PMCID: PMC7065641 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the application of light to promote tissue healing. Current indications suggest PBM induces its beneficial effects in vivo through upregulation of mitochondrial activity. However, how mitochondrial content influences such PBM responses have yet to be evaluated. Hence, the current study assessed the biological response of cells to PBM with varying mitochondrial contents. METHODS DNA was isolated from myoblasts and myotubes (differentiated myoblasts), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was amplified and quantified using a microplate assay. Cells were seeded in 96-wellplates, incubated overnight and subsequently irradiated using a light-emitting diode array (400, 450, 525, 660, 740, 810, 830 and white light, 24 mW/cm2 , 30-240 seconds, 0.72-5.76J/cm2 ). The effects of PBM on markers of mitochondrial activity including reactive-oxygen-species and real-time mitochondrial respiration (Seahorse XFe96) assays were assessed 8 hours post-irradiation. Datasets were analysed using general linear model followed by one-way analysis of variance (and post hoc-Tukey tests); P = 0.05). RESULTS Myotubes exhibited mtDNA levels 86% greater than myoblasts (P < 0.001). Irradiation of myotubes at 400, 450 or 810 nm induced 53%, 29% and 47% increases (relative to non-irradiated control) in maximal respiratory rates, respectively (P < 0.001). Conversely, irradiation of myoblasts at 400 or 450 nm had no significant effect on maximal respiratory rates. CONCLUSION This study suggests that mitochondrial content may influence cellular responses to PBM and as such explain the variability of PBM responses seen in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Serrage
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Philips ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - William Palin
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mohammed Hadis
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Owen Darch
- Philips ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mike R. Milward
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Huang M, Zhu F, Jiao J, Wang J, Zhang Y. Exposure to acrylamide disrupts cardiomyocyte interactions during ventricular morphogenesis in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1337-1345. [PMID: 30625662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), a ubiquitous chemical that is present in surrounding environment and baked or fried carbohydrate-rich food, has recently been linked to cardiac developmental toxicity. However, the toxicological role of AA exposure in the cardiac development remains largely unknown. Here we showed the cardiotoxicity of AA and its role in cardiomyocyte interactions in zebrafish embryos during ventricular morphogenesis. Using the embryo model of transgenic zebrafish Tg(Tp1:d2GFP;myl7:mCherry), we found AA interfered the dynamics of Notch signaling in the endocardium during early cardiogenesis. Prolonged exposure to AA thickened the chamber wall and prevented the trabeculae from extending into the lumen of ventricular chamber. As a result, AA reduced the ventricular shortening fraction and spatial dimension via excessively activating the Notch signal in myocardium during cardiac maturation. Moreover, exposure to AA inhibited the re-distribution of N‑cadherin and failed to coordinate cardiomyocyte interactions between the myocardium layers due to the lack of delaminated cardiomyocytes. Therefore, AA-treated embryos exhibited subcellular pathological states including disarrayed myofibrils and abnormal morphology of mitochondria despite normal proliferation of cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found overexpression of some cardiac-specific transcription factors, such as hand2 and nkx2.5, in hearts of AA-treated embryos compared with those in control group. Our study provided the evidence that the period of ventricular chamber morphogenesis might be a vulnerable window in zebrafish, and revealed new insights into how AA might exert cardiac developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Patton MG, Gillum TL, Szymanski MC, Gould LM, Lauterbach CJ, Vaughan RA, Kuennen MR. Heat acclimation increases mitochondrial respiration capacity of C2C12 myotubes and protects against LPS-mediated energy deficit. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:871-883. [PMID: 29644563 PMCID: PMC6111082 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of a 6-day heat acclimation (HA) protocol on myotube metabolic responses at baseline and in response to a subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. C2C12 myotubes were incubated for 2 h/day at 40 °C for 6 days (HA) or maintained at 37 °C (C). Following 24-h recovery, myotubes were challenged with 500 ng/ml LPS for 2 h, then collected for analysis of protein markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and macronutrient storage. Functional significance of these changes was confirmed with mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic measurements on a Seahorse XF-96 analyzer. HA stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and increased indicators of mitochondrial content [SIRT1 (+ 62%); PGC-1α (+ 57%); NRF-1 (+ 40%); TFAM (+ 141%); CS (+ 25%); CytC (+ 38%); all p < 0.05]. Altered lipid biosynthesis enzymes [p-ACCa:ACC (+ 59%; p = 0.04) and FAS (- 86%; p < 0.01)] suggest fatty acid generation may have been downregulated, whereas increased GLUT4 (+ 69%; p < 0.01) and LDH-B (+ 366%; p < 0.01) suggest aerobic glycolytic capacity may have been improved. Mitochondrial biogenesis signaling in HA myotubes was suppressed by 500 ng/ml LPS (PGC-1α, NRF-1, TFAM; all p > 0.05) but increased LDH-B (+ 30%; p = 0.02) and CPT-1 (+ 55%; p < 0.01) suggesting improved catabolic function. Basal respiration was increased in HA myotubes (+ 8%; p < 0.01) and HA myotubes maintained elevated basal respiration during LPS challenge (+ 8%; p < 0.01). LPS reduced peak respiration in C myotubes (- 6%; p < 0.01) but did not impair peak respiration in HA myotubes (p > 0.05). Oxidative reliance was elevated in HA over that in control (+ 25%; p < 0.01) and in HA + LPS over C + LPS (+ 30%; p < 0.01). In summary, HA stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. HA myotubes exhibited (1) elevated basal/peak mitochondrial respiration capacities; (2) greater oxidative reliance; and (3) protection against LPS-mediated respiration impairment. Collectively, these data suggest HA may improve aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle and protect against LPS-mediated energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Patton
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Trevor L Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, 92504, CA, USA
| | - Mandy C Szymanski
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Lacey M Gould
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Claire J Lauterbach
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Matthew R Kuennen
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA.
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Abreu P. Bioenergetics mechanisms regulating muscle stem cell self-renewal commitment and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:463-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Metabolic influence of walnut phenolic extract on mitochondria in a colon cancer stem cell model. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1635-1645. [PMID: 29740695 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Walnut phenolic extract (WPE) reduces proliferation and enhances differentiation of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present study investigated the metabolic influence of WPE on the mitochondrial function of colon CSCs to determine its underlying mechanism. METHODS CD133+CD44+ HCT116 colon cancer cells were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and were treated with or without 40 µg/mL WPE. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were further validated with RT-PCR. WPE-induced alterations in mitochondrial function were investigated through a mitochondrial stress test by determining cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), an indicator of mitochondrial respiration, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), an indicator of glycolysis, which were further confirmed by glucose uptake and lactate production tests. RESULTS RNA-Seq analysis identified two major functional clusters: metabolic and mitochondrial clusters. WPE treatment shifted the metabolic profile of cells towards the glycolysis pathway (ΔECAR = 36.98 mpH/min/ptn, p = 0.02) and oxidative pathway (ΔOCR = 29.18 pmol/min/ptn, p = 0.00001). Serial mitochondrial stimulations using respiration modulators, oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide-4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone, and rotenone/antimycin A, found an increased potential of mitochondrial respiration (ΔOCR = 111.5 pmol/min/ptn, p = 0.0006). WPE treatment also increased glucose uptake (Δ = 0.39 pmol/µL, p = 0.002) and lactate production (Δ = 0.08 nmol/µL, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS WPE treatment shifts the mitochondrial metabolism of colon CSC towards more aerobic glycolysis, which might be associated with the alterations in the characteristics of colon CSC.
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MyoD Regulates Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Metabolism Cooperatively with Alternative NF-κB. Cell Rep 2017; 17:514-526. [PMID: 27705798 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MyoD is a key regulator of skeletal myogenesis that directs contractile protein synthesis, but whether this transcription factor also regulates skeletal muscle metabolism has not been explored. In a genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis of skeletal muscle cells, we unexpectedly observed that MyoD directly binds to numerous metabolic genes, including those associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and the electron transport chain. Results in cultured cells and adult skeletal muscle confirmed that MyoD regulates oxidative metabolism through multiple transcriptional targets, including PGC-1β, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. We find that PGC-1β expression is cooperatively regulated by MyoD and the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway. Bioinformatics evidence suggests that this cooperativity between MyoD and NF-κB extends to other metabolic genes as well. Together, these data identify MyoD as a regulator of the metabolic capacity of mature skeletal muscle to ensure that sufficient energy is available to support muscle contraction.
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Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA. The unfolded protein response in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C583-C594. [PMID: 28274921 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00320.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria comprise both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded proteins requiring precise stoichiometry for their integration into functional complexes. The augmented protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial biogenesis results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thus triggering cellular stress. As such, the unfolded protein responses emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) or the mitochondrion (UPRMT) are triggered to ensure correct protein handling. Whether this response is necessary for mitochondrial adaptations is unknown. Two models of mitochondrial biogenesis were used: muscle differentiation and chronic contractile activity (CCA) in murine muscle cells. After 4 days of differentiation, our findings depict selective activation of the UPRMT in which chaperones decreased; however, Sirt3 and UPRER markers were elevated. To delineate the role of ER stress in mitochondrial adaptations, the ER stress inhibitor TUDCA was administered. Surprisingly, mitochondrial markers COX-I, COX-IV, and PGC-1α protein levels were augmented up to 1.5-fold above that of vehicle-treated cells. Similar results were obtained in myotubes undergoing CCA, in which biogenesis was enhanced by ~2-3-fold, along with elevated UPRMT markers Sirt3 and CPN10. To verify whether the findings were attributable to the terminal UPRER branch directed by the transcription factor CHOP, cells were transfected with CHOP siRNA. Basally, COX-I levels increased (~20%) and COX-IV decreased (~30%), suggesting that CHOP influences mitochondrial composition. This effect was fully restored by CCA. Therefore, our results suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis is independent of the terminal UPRER Under basal conditions, CHOP is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial composition, but not for differentiation- or CCA-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra S Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cheng LH, Hung KF, Lee TC, Huang CY, Chiu WT, Lo JF, Huang TF. Mitochondrial co-chaperone protein Tid1 is required for energy homeostasis during skeletal myogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:185. [PMID: 27927223 PMCID: PMC5143475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tid1 is a mitochondrial co-chaperone protein and its transcript is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle tissues. However, the physiological function of Tid1 during skeletal myogenesis remains unclear. METHODS In vitro induced differentiation assay of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells was applied to examine the physiological role of Tid1 during skeletal myogenesis. In addition, transgenic mice with muscle specific (HSA-Cre) Tid1 deletion were established and examined to determine the physiological function of Tid1 during skeletal muscle development in vivo. RESULTS Expression of Tid1 protein was upregulated in the differentiated C2C12 cells, and the HSA-Tid1f/f mice displayed muscular dystrophic phenotype. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), the protein served as the muscular development marker, was reduced in HSA-Tid1f/f mice at postnatal day (P)5 and P8. The protein levels of ATP sensor (p-AMPK) and mitochondrial biogenesis protein (PGC-1α) were also significantly reduced in HSA-Tid1f/f mice. Moreover, Tid1 deficiency induced apoptotic marker Caspase-3 in muscle tissues of HSA-Tid1f/f mice. Consistent with the in vivo finding, we observed that downregulation of Tid1 not only reduced the ATP production but also abolished the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells by impairing the mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that Tid1 deficiency reduces ATP production and abolishes mitochondrial activity, resulting in energy imbalance and promoting apoptosis of muscle cells during myogenesis. It will be of importance to understand the function of Tid1 during human muscular dystrophy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science and Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Chiu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science and Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,National Yang-Ming University VGH Genome Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tung-Fu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Gao G, Moyes CD. Evaluating the role of NRF-1 in the regulation of the goldfish COX4-1 gene in response to temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3019-3027. [PMID: 27471277 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cold acclimation in fish typically increases muscle mitochondrial enzymes. In mammals, stressors that increase mitochondrial content are mediated though transcriptional regulators, including nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1). Focusing on the goldfish gene for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit 4-1, we analysed the regulatory regions in various contexts to identify a mechanistic link between NRF-1 and cold-induced mitochondrial proliferation. Promoter analysis implicated two putative NRF-1 sites: one in the proximal promoter and a second in exon 1, which encodes the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR). Transfection into mouse myoblasts showed that deletion of a region that included the proximal NRF-1 site reduced promoter activity by 30%; however, mutagenesis of the specific sequence had no effect. Thermal sensitivity analyses performed in rainbow trout gonadal fibroblasts (RTG-2) showed no effect of temperature (4 vs 19°C) on reporter gene expression. Likewise, reporters injected into muscle of thermally acclimated goldfish (4 vs 26°C) showed no elevation in expression. There was no difference in thermal responses of COX4-1 promoter reporters constructed from homologous regions of eurythermal goldfish and stenothermal zebrafish genes. NRF-1 chromatin immunoprecipitation of thermally acclimated goldfish muscle showed no temperature effect on NRF-1 binding to either the proximal promoter or 5'-UTR. It remains possible that the cold-induced upregulation of COX4-1 expression is a result of NRF-1 binding to distal regulatory regions or through indirect effects on other transcription factors. However, the proximal promoter does not appear to play a role in mediating the thermal response of the COX4-1 gene in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada K7L 3N6
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Bernard K, Logsdon NJ, Ravi S, Xie N, Persons BP, Rangarajan S, Zmijewski JW, Mitra K, Liu G, Darley-Usmar VM, Thannickal VJ. Metabolic Reprogramming Is Required for Myofibroblast Contractility and Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25427-38. [PMID: 26318453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.646984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction is crucial in maintaining the differentiated phenotype of myofibroblasts. Contraction is an energy-dependent mechanism that relies on the production of ATP by mitochondria and/or glycolysis. Although the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to exercise is well appreciated, mechanisms governing energetic adaptation of myofibroblasts are not well understood. Our study demonstrates induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and aerobic glycolysis in response to the differentiation-inducing factor transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). This metabolic reprogramming is linked to the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Inhibition of p38 MAPK decreased accumulation of active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α in the nucleus and altered the translocation of mitochondrial transcription factor A to the mitochondria. Genetic or pharmacologic approaches that block mitochondrial biogenesis or glycolysis resulted in decreased contraction and reduced expression of TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen α-2(I) but not of fibronectin or collagen α-1(I). These data indicate a critical role for TGF-β1-induced metabolic reprogramming in regulating myofibroblast-specific contractile signaling and support the concept of integrating bioenergetics with cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Saranya Ravi
- Departments of Pathology and Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Na Xie
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Sunad Rangarajan
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | - Gang Liu
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Departments of Pathology and Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Khodabukus A, Baar K. The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2198-207. [PMID: 25146978 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Yoshino M, Naka A, Sakamoto Y, Shibasaki A, Toh M, Tsukamoto S, Kondo K, Iida K. Dietary isoflavone daidzein promotes Tfam expression that increases mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 muscle cells. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1193-9. [PMID: 26166229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscles leads to a wide range of metabolic and age-related disorders. Recently, it has been reported that a natural polyphenol, resveratrol, affects mitochondrial biogenesis. This study aimed to identify other natural polyphenolic compounds that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in muscles. For this purpose, we used the C2C12 murine muscle cell line. Screening involved a reporter assay based on the promoter of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). We found that several polyphenols exhibited the ability to increase Tfam promoter activity and that the soy isoflavone daidzein was a most potent candidate that regulated mitochondrial biogenesis. When C2C12 myotubes were treated with 25-50 μM daidzein for 24h, there were significant increases in the expression of Tfam and mitochondrial genes such as COX1 and Cytb as well as the mitochondrial content. Using several mutant Tfam promoter fragments, we found that the transcription factor, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF) and its coactivator, PGC1α, were necessary for the effect of daidzein on Tfam expression. Finally, silencing of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) by shRNA resulted in inhibition of the daidzein effects on mitochondrial gene expression. In conclusion, daidzein regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells by regulating transcriptional networks through a SIRT1-associated pathway. These results suggest that daidzein would be beneficial to protect against a wide range of diseases caused by muscle mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yoshino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Ayano Naka
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Ayako Shibasaki
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Toh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Sakuka Tsukamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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The regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150073. [PMID: 26182383 PMCID: PMC4613705 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP demand required for muscle development is accommodated by elevations in mitochondrial biogenesis, through the co-ordinated activities of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The most important transcriptional activator of the mitochondrial genome is mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam); however, the regulation of Tfam expression during muscle differentiation is not known. Thus, we measured Tfam mRNA levels, mRNA stability, protein expression and localization and Tfam transcription during the progression of muscle differentiation. Parallel 2-fold increases in Tfam protein and mRNA were observed, corresponding with 2-3-fold increases in mitochondrial content. Transcriptional activity of a 2051 bp promoter increased during this differentiation period and this was accompanied by a 3-fold greater Tfam mRNA stabilization. Interestingly, truncations of the promoter at 1706 bp, 978 bp and 393 bp promoter all exhibited 2-3-fold higher transcriptional activity than the 2051 bp construct, indicating the presence of negative regulatory elements within the distal 350 bp of the promoter. Activation of AMP kinase augmented Tfam transcription within the proximal promoter, suggesting the presence of binding sites for transcription factors that are responsive to cellular energy state. During differentiation, the accumulating Tfam protein was progressively distributed to the mitochondrial matrix where it augmented the expression of mtDNA and COX (cytochrome c oxidase) subunit I, an mtDNA gene product. Our data suggest that, during muscle differentiation, Tfam protein levels are regulated by the availability of Tfam mRNA, which is controlled by both transcription and mRNA stability. Changes in energy state and Tfam localization also affect Tfam expression and action in differentiating myotubes.
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43
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de Klerk E, Fokkema IFAC, Thiadens KAMH, Goeman JJ, Palmblad M, den Dunnen JT, von Lindern M, 't Hoen PAC. Assessing the translational landscape of myogenic differentiation by ribosome profiling. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4408-28. [PMID: 25873627 PMCID: PMC4482065 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of skeletal muscles is associated with drastic changes in protein requirements known to be safeguarded by tight control of gene transcription and mRNA processing. The contribution of regulation of mRNA translation during myogenesis has not been studied so far. We monitored translation during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, using a simplified protocol for ribosome footprint profiling. Comparison of ribosome footprints to total RNA showed that gene expression is mostly regulated at the transcriptional level. However, a subset of transcripts, enriched for mRNAs encoding for ribosomal proteins, was regulated at the level of translation. Enrichment was also found for specific pathways known to regulate muscle biology. We developed a dedicated pipeline to identify translation initiation sites (TISs) and discovered 5333 unannotated TISs, providing a catalog of upstream and alternative open reading frames used during myogenesis. We identified 298 transcripts with a significant switch in TIS usage during myogenesis, which was not explained by alternative promoter usage, as profiled by DeepCAGE. Also these transcripts were enriched for ribosomal protein genes. This study demonstrates that differential mRNA translation controls protein expression of specific subsets of genes during myogenesis. Experimental protocols, analytical workflows, tools and data are available through public repositories (http://lumc.github.io/ribosome-profiling-analysis-framework/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora de Klerk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo F A C Fokkema
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske A M H Thiadens
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC/UvA, 1066CX 125 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Biostatistics, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Postzone 133, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC/UvA, 1066CX 125 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ryu SW, Han EC, Yoon J, Choi C. The mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and OPA1 are transcriptionally induced during differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to immature dendritic cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:89-94. [PMID: 25387754 PMCID: PMC4314123 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape and activity of mitochondria are tightly regulated by fusion and fission processes that are essential for maintaining normal cellular function. However, little is known about the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in the development of the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics play a role in the differentiation and migration of immature dendritic cells (imDCs). We show that mitochondrial elongation is induced during GM-CSF-stimulated differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to imDCs accompanied by upregulation of mitochondrial fusion proteins. These processes precede the changes in mitochondrial morphology and connectivity that occur during differentiation. Mfn2 and OPA1, but not Mfn1, are transcriptionally upregulated during differentiation; however, knockdown of Mfn2 and OPA1 does not induce any change in expression of CD11c, CDC80, or CD86. Notably, knockdown of Mfn2 or OPA1 by siRNA in imDCs significantly reduces CCR7 expression and CCL19-mediated migration. These results suggest that the mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and OPA1 are upregulated during bone marrow progenitor differentiation and promote the migration of imDCs by regulating the expression of CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Ryu
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- KI for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Eun Chun Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- KI for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
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Abdel Khalek W, Cortade F, Ollendorff V, Lapasset L, Tintignac L, Chabi B, Wrutniak-Cabello C. SIRT3, a mitochondrial NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase, is involved in the regulation of myoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114388. [PMID: 25489948 PMCID: PMC4260865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), one of the seven mammalian sirtuins, is a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase known to control key metabolic pathways. SIRT3 deacetylases and activates a large number of mitochondrial enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, in ATP production, and in both the citric acid and urea cycles. We have previously shown that the regulation of myoblast differentiation is tightly linked to mitochondrial activity. Since SIRT3 modulates mitochondrial activity, we decide to address its role during myoblast differentiation. For this purpose, we first investigated the expression of endogenous SIRT3 during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. We further studied the impact of SIRT3 silencing on both the myogenic potential and the mitochondrial activity of C2C12 cells. We showed that SIRT3 protein expression peaked at the onset of myoblast differentiation. The inhibition of SIRT3 expression mediated by the stable integration of SIRT3 short inhibitory RNA (SIRT3shRNA) in C2C12 myoblasts, resulted in: 1) abrogation of terminal differentiation - as evidenced by a marked decrease in the myoblast fusion index and a significant reduction of Myogenin, MyoD, Sirtuin 1 and Troponin T protein expression - restored upon MyoD overexpression; 2) a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and citrate synthase protein expression reflecting an alteration of mitochondrial density; and 3) an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mirrored by the decreased activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Altogether our data demonstrate that SIRT3 mainly regulates myoblast differentiation via its influence on mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waed Abdel Khalek
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Cortade
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Ollendorff
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Lapasset
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Tintignac
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Chabi
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Wrutniak-Cabello
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Ferraro E, Giammarioli AM, Chiandotto S, Spoletini I, Rosano G. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle remodeling and metabolic adaptation: redox signaling and role of autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:154-76. [PMID: 24450966 PMCID: PMC4048572 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. Exercise evokes signaling pathways that strongly modify myofiber metabolism and physiological and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Regular physical activity is beneficial for health and is highly recommended for the prevention of several chronic conditions. In this review, we have focused our attention on the pathways that are known to mediate physical training-induced plasticity. RECENT ADVANCES An important role for redox signaling has recently been proposed in exercise-mediated muscle remodeling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) activation. Still more currently, autophagy has also been found to be involved in metabolic adaptation to exercise. CRITICAL ISSUES Both redox signaling and autophagy are processes with ambivalent effects; they can be detrimental and beneficial, depending on their delicate balance. As such, understanding their role in the chain of events induced by exercise and leading to skeletal muscle remodeling is a very complicated matter. Moreover, the study of the signaling induced by exercise is made even more difficult by the fact that exercise can be performed with several different modalities, with this having different repercussions on adaptation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Unraveling the complexity of the molecular signaling triggered by exercise on skeletal muscle is crucial in order to define the therapeutic potentiality of physical training and to identify new pharmacological compounds that are able to reproduce some beneficial effects of exercise. In evaluating the effect of new "exercise mimetics," it will also be necessary to take into account the involvement of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and autophagy and their controversial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferraro
- 1 Pathophysiology and Treatment of Muscle Wasting Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
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Pacini N, Borziani F. Cancer stem cell theory and the warburg effect, two sides of the same coin? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8893-930. [PMID: 24857919 PMCID: PMC4057766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 100 years, many studies have been performed to determine the biochemical and histopathological phenomena that mark the origin of neoplasms. At the end of the last century, the leading paradigm, which is currently well rooted, considered the origin of neoplasms to be a set of genetic and/or epigenetic mutations, stochastic and independent in a single cell, or rather, a stochastic monoclonal pattern. However, in the last 20 years, two important areas of research have underlined numerous limitations and incongruities of this pattern, the hypothesis of the so-called cancer stem cell theory and a revaluation of several alterations in metabolic networks that are typical of the neoplastic cell, the so-called Warburg effect. Even if this specific “metabolic sign” has been known for more than 85 years, only in the last few years has it been given more attention; therefore, the so-called Warburg hypothesis has been used in multiple and independent surveys. Based on an accurate analysis of a series of considerations and of biophysical thermodynamic events in the literature, we will demonstrate a homogeneous pattern of the cancer stem cell theory, of the Warburg hypothesis and of the stochastic monoclonal pattern; this pattern could contribute considerably as the first basis of the development of a new uniform theory on the origin of neoplasms. Thus, a new possible epistemological paradigm is represented; this paradigm considers the Warburg effect as a specific “metabolic sign” reflecting the stem origin of the neoplastic cell, where, in this specific metabolic order, an essential reason for the genetic instability that is intrinsic to the neoplastic cell is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pacini
- Laboratorio Privato di Biochimica F. Pacini, via trabocchetto 10, 89126 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Fabio Borziani
- Laboratorio Privato di Biochimica F. Pacini, via trabocchetto 10, 89126 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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SOCS2 inhibited mitochondria biogenesis via inhibiting p38 MAPK/ATF2 pathway in C2C12 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:627-37. [PMID: 24352701 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanism of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) on mitochondrial biogenesis, RNA interference and over-expression plasmid vectors of SOCS2 were used to transfect murine skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. Results demonstrated that over-expression of SOCS2 inhibited the differentiation of C2C12 cells, and reduced the expression of MyHC, MyoD and MyoG while elevated the protein expression of MSTN. Meanwhile the expression of PGC-1α, MDH, CPT-1 were significantly elevated in the RNA interference of SOCS2 group which were decreased in SOCS2 overexpression group. However, there was no change on the expression of UCP1 in both two groups. JC-1 dyeing showed overexpression of SOCS2 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and results of immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and western blotting indicated the increase expression of Cyt c, while interference SOCS2 had the opposite effects in C2C12 cells. Moreover, interference of SOCS2 elevated the p38 phosphorylation level then further increased the phosphorylation of ATF2, whereas overexpression of SOCS2 alleviated this phenomenon. Taken together, our observations indicated that SOCS2 could suppress myotube formation, act as an anti-regulator of mitochondria biogenesis via inhibiting p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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49
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Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR. Nuclear recruitment of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by α-syntrophin is crucial for the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:365-78. [PMID: 24235139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) has various splicing variants and different subcellular localizations. nNOS can be found also in the nucleus; however, its exact role in this compartment is still not completely defined. In this report, we demonstrate that the PDZ domain allows the recruitment of nNOS to nuclei, thus favoring local NO production, nuclear protein S-nitrosylation, and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, overexpression of PDZ-containing nNOS (nNOSα) increases S-nitrosylated CREB with consequent augmented binding on cAMP response element consensus sequence on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator (PGC)-1α promoter. The resulting PGC-1α induction is accompanied by the expression of mitochondrial genes (e.g., TFAM, MtCO1) and increased mitochondrial mass. Importantly, full active nNOS lacking PDZ domain (nNOSβ) does not localize in nuclei and fails in inducing the expression of PGC-1α. Moreover, we substantiate that the mitochondrial biogenesis normally accompanying myogenesis is associated with nuclear translocation of nNOS. We demonstrate that α-Syntrophin, which resides in nuclei of myocytes, functions as the upstream mediator of nuclear nNOS translocation and nNOS-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, our results indicate that altered nNOS splicing and nuclear localization could be contributing factors in human muscular diseases associated with mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- From the Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy and
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50
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Szczesny B, Olah G, Walker DK, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB, Szabo C, Mitra S. Deficiency in repair of the mitochondrial genome sensitizes proliferating myoblasts to oxidative damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75201. [PMID: 24066171 PMCID: PMC3774773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as a by-product of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, are particularly damaging to the genome of skeletal muscle because of their high oxygen consumption. Proliferating myoblasts play a key role during muscle regeneration by undergoing myogenic differentiation to fuse and restore damaged muscle. This process is severely impaired during aging and in muscular dystrophies. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidatively damaged DNA and its repair in the mitochondrial genome of proliferating skeletal muscle progenitor myoblasts cells and their terminally differentiated product, myotubes. Using the C2C12 cell line as a well-established model for skeletal muscle differentiation, we show that myoblasts are highly sensitive to ROS-mediated DNA damage, particularly in the mitochondrial genome, due to deficiency in 5’ end processing at the DNA strand breaks. Ectopic expression of the mitochondrial-specific 5’ exonuclease, EXOG, a key DNA base excision/single strand break repair (BER/SSBR) enzyme, in myoblasts but not in myotubes, improves the cell’s resistance to oxidative challenge. We linked loss of myoblast viability by activation of apoptosis with deficiency in the repair of the mitochondrial genome. Moreover, the process of myoblast differentiation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and the level of total glutathione. We speculate that our data may provide a mechanistic explanation for depletion of proliferating muscle precursor cells during the development of sarcopenia, and skeletal muscle dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dillon K. Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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