1
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Kim KH, Choi A, Kim SH, Song H, Jin S, Kim K, Jang J, Choi H, Jung YW. Neural-Cadherin Influences the Homing of Terminally Differentiated Memory CD8 T Cells to the Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow. Mol Cells 2021; 44:795-804. [PMID: 34819396 PMCID: PMC8627834 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T (TM) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how TM cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, TM cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin+ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of TM cells. The numbers of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells and homing of CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells to lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Aryeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Seohoon Jin
- Department of Applied Statistics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyungim Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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2
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Bouland C, Philippart P, Dequanter D, Corrillon F, Loeb I, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Meuleman N. Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Bone Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674084. [PMID: 34079804 PMCID: PMC8166285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated process based on the interactions between osteogenesis and angiogenesis, observed in both physiological and pathological situations. However, specific conditions (e.g., bone regeneration in large quantity, immunocompromised regenerative process) require additional support. Tissue engineering offers novel strategies. Bone regeneration requires a cell source, a matrix, growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Regenerative cells, endowed with proliferation and differentiation capacities, aim to recover, maintain, and improve bone functions. Vascularization is mandatory for bone formation, skeletal development, and different osseointegration processes. The latter delivers nutrients, growth factors, oxygen, minerals, etc. The development of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) cocultures has shown synergy between the two cell populations. The phenomena of osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately intertwined. Thus, cells of the endothelial line indirectly foster osteogenesis, and conversely, MSCs promote angiogenesis through different interaction mechanisms. In addition, various studies have highlighted the importance of the microenvironment via the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs stimulate bone regeneration and angiogenesis. In this review, we describe (1) the phenomenon of bone regeneration by different sources of MSCs. We assess (2) the input of EPCs in coculture in bone regeneration and describe their contribution to the osteogenic potential of MSCs. We discuss (3) the interaction mechanisms between MSCs and EPCs in the context of osteogenesis: direct or indirect contact, production of growth factors, and the importance of the microenvironment via the release of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bouland
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippart
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, IRIS South Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Corrillon
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Loeb
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Wu Z, He D, Li H. Bioglass enhances the production of exosomes and improves their capability of promoting vascularization. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:823-835. [PMID: 33024902 PMCID: PMC7530219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, exosomes have been extensively applied in tissue regeneration. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by the limited exosome secretion capability of cells. Therefore, developing strategies to enhance the production of exosomes and improve their biological function attracts great interest. Studies have shown that biomaterials can significantly enhance the paracrine effects of cells and exosomes are the main signal carriers of intercellular paracrine communication, thus biomaterials are considered to affect the exosome secretion of cells and their biological function. In this study, a widely recognized biomaterial, 45S5 Bioglass® (BG), is used to create a mild and cell-friendly microenvironment for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with its ion products. Results showed that BG ion products can significantly improve exosome production of MSCs by upregulating the expression of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) and Rab27a which enhanced the nSMases and Rab GTPases pathways, respectively. Besides, microRNA analysis indicates that BG ion products can modulate the cargoes of MSCs-derived exosomes by decreasing microRNA-342-5p level while increasing microRNA-1290 level. Subsequently, the function of exosomes is modified as their capabilities of promoting the vascularization of endothelial cells and facilitating the intradermal angiogenesis are enhanced. Taken together, BG ion products are confirmed to enhance exosome production and simultaneously improve exosome function, suggesting a feasible approach to improve the practical application of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dan He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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4
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Masuda H, Arisaka Y, Hakariya M, Iwata T, Yoda T, Yui N. Synergy of molecularly mobile polyrotaxane surfaces with endothelial cell co-culture for mesenchymal stem cell mineralization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18685-18692. [PMID: 35480955 PMCID: PMC9033494 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the treatment of bone defects. Since regeneration of bone tissue takes a long time, promoting osteogenesis of stem cells is desired for earlier recovery from dysfunctions caused by bone defects. Here, we combined endothelial cell co-culture using the molecularly mobile sulfonated polyrotaxane (PRX) surfaces to enhance the mineralization of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). Sulfonated PRXs are composed of sulfopropyl ether-modified α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) threaded on a polyethylene glycol chain. The molecular mobility of PRX, α-CDs moving along the polymer, can be modulated by the number of α-CDs. When osteoblastic differentiation was induced in HBMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), co-culture groups on sulfonated PRX surfaces with low molecular mobility showed the highest mineralization, which is about two times as high as co-culture groups on sulfonated PRX surfaces with high molecular mobility. Nuclear accumulation of yes-associated proteins in HBMSCs and cell–cell communication via cytokines or cadherin may play an important role in synergistically induced mineralization of HBMSCs. Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces promoted mineralization in a co-culture system of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Chiyoda
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Hakariya
- Department of Periodontology
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Chiyoda
- Japan
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5
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Cai H, Zou J, Wang W, Yang A. BMP2 induces hMSC osteogenesis and matrix remodeling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:125. [PMID: 33300084 PMCID: PMC7751477 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, the microenvironment in the bone marrow is altered, leading to a decrease in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation, which reduces the number of bone cells and weakens osteogenic capacity, resulting in osteoporosis (OP). The clinical manifestations of OP include bone loss, bone microstructural destruction and altered bone quality. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) serves an important role in inducing the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Regulating the bone marrow matrix microenvironment and promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs is of significance for both the prevention and treatment of OP. In the present study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) high‑throughput proteomics technology was combined with bioinformatics analysis to screen 249 differentially expressed proteins in human MSCs overexpressing BMP2, of which 173 were upregulated and 76 proteins were downregulated. The proteins were also involved in signaling pathways associated with extracellular matrix organization, osteoblast differentiation, ossification, bone development, chondrocyte differentiation and bone morphogenesis. By carefully screening the proteins, N‑cadherin (CDH2), a protein with osteogenic differentiation potential, was verified by perturbations in the background of BMP2 overexpression. The role of CDH3 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed by the regulation of several cognate osteogenic markers, suggesting CDH2 as a promising candidate in the field of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Cai
- Department of First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zou
- Department of First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
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6
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Heo DN, Ayan B, Dey M, Banerjee D, Wee H, Lewis GS, Ozbolat IT. Aspiration-assisted bioprinting of co-cultured osteogenic spheroids for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33059343 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc1bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional top-down approaches in tissue engineering involving cell seeding on scaffolds have been widely used in bone engineering applications. However, scaffold-based bone tissue constructs have had limited clinical translation due to constrains in supporting scaffolds, minimal flexibility in tuning scaffold degradation, and low achievable cell seeding density as compared with native bone tissue. Here, we demonstrate a pragmatic and scalable bottom-up method, inspired from embryonic developmental biology, to build three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free constructs using spheroids as building blocks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were introduced to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) (hMSC/HUVEC) and spheroids were fabricated by an aggregate culture system. Bone tissue was generated by induction of osteogenic differentiation in hMSC/HUVEC spheroids for 10 days, with enhanced osteogenic differentiation and cell viability in the core of the spheroids compared to hMSC-only spheroids. Aspiration-assisted bioprinting (AAB) is a new bioprinting technique which allows precise positioning of spheroids (11% with respect to the spheroid diameter) by employing aspiration to lift individual spheroids and bioprint them onto a hydrogel. AAB facilitated bioprinting of scaffold-free bone tissue constructs using the pre-differentiated hMSC/HUVEC spheroids. These constructs demonstrated negligible changes in their shape for two days after bioprinting owing to the reduced proliferative potential of differentiated stem cells. Bioprinted bone tissues showed interconnectivity with actin-filament formation and high expression of osteogenic and endothelial-specific gene factors. This study thus presents a viable approach for 3D bioprinting of complex-shaped geometries using spheroids as building blocks, which can be used for various applications including but not limited to, tissue engineering, organ-on-a-chip and microfluidic devices, drug screening and, disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bugra Ayan
- Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Madhuri Dey
- Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hwabok Wee
- Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
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7
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New injectable self-assembled hydrogels that promote angiogenesis through a bioactive degradation product. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:197-209. [PMID: 32814142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels used in regenerative medicine are often designed to allow cellular infiltration, degradation, and neovascularization. Low molecular weight hydrogels (LMWHs), formed by self-assembly via non-covalent interactions, are gaining significant interest because they are soft, easy to use and injectable. We propose LMWHs as suitable body implant materials that can stimulate tissue regeneration. We produced four new LMWHs with molecular entities containing nucleic acid and lipid building blocks and analyzed the foreign body response upon subcutaneous implantation into mice. Despite being infiltrated with macrophages, none of the hydrogels triggered detrimental inflammatory responses. Most macrophages present in the hydrogel-surrounding tissue acquired an immuno-modulatory rather than inflammatory phenotype. Concomitantly, no fibrotic capsule was formed after three weeks. Our glyconucleolipid LMWHs exhibited different degradation kinetics in vivo and in vitro. LMWHs with high angiogenic properties in vivo, were found to release glyconucleoside (glucose covalently linked to thymidine via a triazole moiety) as a common by-product of in vitro LMWH degradation. Chemically synthesized glyconucleoside exhibited angiogenic properties in vitro in scratch assays with monolayers of human endothelial cells and in vivo using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Collectively, LMWHs hold promise as efficient scaffolds for various regenerative applications by displaying good biointegration without causing fibrosis, and by promoting angiogenesis through the release of a pro-angiogenic degradation product. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The main limitations of biomaterials developed in the field of tissue engineering remains their biocompatibility and vascularisation properties. In this context, we developed injectable Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels (LMWH) exhibiting thixotropic (reversible gelation) and thermal reversible properties. LMWH having injectability is of great advantage since it allows for their delivery without wounding the surrounding tissues. The resulting gels aim at forming scaffolds that the host cells colonize without major inflammation, and that won't be insulated by a strong fibrosis reaction. Importantly, their molecular degradation releases a product (a glycosyl-nucleoside conjugate) promoting angiogenesis. In this sense, these LMWH represent an important advance in the development of biomaterials promoting tissue regeneration.
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8
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Zhang M, Lin R, Wang X, Xue J, Deng C, Feng C, Zhuang H, Ma J, Qin C, Wan L, Chang J, Wu C. 3D printing of Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6725. [PMID: 32219170 PMCID: PMC7083611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integration of structure and function for tissue engineering scaffolds is of great importance in mimicking native bone tissue. However, the complexity of hierarchical structures, the requirement for mechanical properties, and the diversity of bone resident cells are the major challenges in constructing biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Herein, a Haversian bone-mimicking scaffold with integrated hierarchical Haversian bone structure was successfully prepared via digital laser processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. The compressive strength and porosity of scaffolds could be well controlled by altering the parameters of the Haversian bone-mimicking structure. The Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds showed great potential for multicellular delivery by inducing osteogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the ingrowth of blood vessels and new bone formation in vivo. The work offers a new strategy for designing structured and functionalized biomaterials through mimicking native complex bone tissue for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Beijing Ten Dimensions Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Co-Culture with Osteogenic Cells: From Molecular Communication to Engineering Prevascularised Bone Grafts. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101602. [PMID: 31623330 PMCID: PMC6832897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects caused by trauma, infection or tumor resection is a major clinical orthopedic challenge. The application of bone grafts in orthopedic procedures is associated with a problem of inadequate vascularization in the initial phase after implantation. Meanwhile, the survival of cells within the implanted graft and its integration with the host tissue is strongly dependent on nutrient and gaseous exchange, as well as waste product removal, which are effectuated by blood microcirculation. In the bone tissue, the vasculature also delivers the calcium and phosphate indispensable for the mineralization process. The critical role of vascularization for bone healing and function, led the researchers to the idea of generating a capillary-like network within the bone graft in vitro, which could allow increasing the cell survival and graft integration with a host tissue. New strategies for engineering pre-vascularized bone grafts, that apply the co-culture of endothelial and bone-forming cells, have recently gained interest. However, engineering of metabolically active graft, containing two types of cells requires deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of interaction between these cells. The present review focuses on the best-characterized endothelial cells-human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-attempting to estimate whether the co-culture approach, using these cells, could bring us closer to development and possible clinical application of prevascularized bone grafts.
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10
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Yi M, Li H, Wang X, Yan J, Gao L, He Y, Zhong X, Cai Y, Feng W, Wen Z, Wu C, Ou C, Chang J, Chen M. Ion Therapy: A Novel Strategy for Acute Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801260. [PMID: 30643722 PMCID: PMC6325593 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous therapies are widely applied clinically and stem cells and/or biomaterial based in situ implantations have achieved some effects, few of these have observed robust myocardial regeneration. The beneficial effects on cardiac function and structure are largely acting through paracrine signaling, which preserve the border-zone around the infarction, reduce apoptosis, blunt adverse remodeling, and promote angiogenesis. Ionic extracts from biomaterials have been proven to stimulate paracrine effects and promote cell-cell communications. Here, the paracrine stimulatory function of bioactive ions derived from biomaterials is integrated into the clinical concept of administration and proposed "ion therapy" as a novel strategy for myocardial infarction. In vitro, silicon- enriched ion extracts significantly increase cardiomyocyte viability and promote cell-cell communications, thus stimulating vascular formation via a paracrine effect under glucose/oxygen deprived conditions. In vivo, by intravenous injection, the bioactive silicon ions act as "diplomats" and promote crosstalk in myocardial cells, stimulate angiogenesis, and improve cardiac function post-myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Hekai Li
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Xinglong Zhong
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Zhanpeng Wen
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of CardiologyHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
- Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouGuangdong510280China
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11
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Wang X, Gao L, Han Y, Xing M, Zhao C, Peng J, Chang J. Silicon-Enhanced Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis for Vascularized Adipose Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800776. [PMID: 30479923 PMCID: PMC6247030 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and sufficient vascularization remain great challenges for the successful reconstruction of engineered adipose tissue. Here, the bioactive effects of silicon (Si) ions on adipogenic differentiation of human BMSCs (HBMSCs) and the stimulation of vascularization during adipose tissue regeneration are reported. The results show that Si ions can enhance adipogenic differentiation of HBMSCs through the stimulation of the expression of adipogenic differentiation switches such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Furthermore, Si ions can enhance both angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and inhibit dedifferentiation of cocultured adipocytes by regulating the interactions between HBMSC-derived adipocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in which the promotion of the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor plays vital roles. The in vivo studies further demonstrate that the designed composite hydrogel with the ability to release bioactive Si ions clearly stimulates neovascularization and adipose tissue regeneration. The study suggests that Si ions released from biomaterials are important chemical cues for adipogenic differentiation and biomaterials with the ability to release Si ions can be designed for adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Min Xing
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Cancan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Peng
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050P. R. China
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12
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Zhao C, Wang X, Gao L, Jing L, Zhou Q, Chang J. The role of the micro-pattern and nano-topography of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:509-521. [PMID: 29678674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The micro/nano hybrid structure is considered to be a biomaterial characteristic to stimulate osteogenesis by mimicking the three-dimensional structure of the bone matrix. However, the mechanism of the hybrid structure induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is still unknown. For elucidating the mechanisms, one of the challenge is to directly fabricate micro/nano hybrid structure on bioceramics because of its brittleness. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure were firstly fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment and template method, and the effect of the different surface structures on the expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication was investigated. Interestingly, the results suggested that the osteogenic differentiation induced by micro/nano structures was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, while activated BMP2 could in turn activate integrins and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The micro/nano hybrid structure has been found to have synergistic bioactivity on osteogenesis. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate the hybrid structure directly on the bioceramics, and the role of micro- and nano-structure, in particular the mechanism of the micro/nano-hybrid structure induced stem cell differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we firstly fabricated hydroxyapatite bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure, and then investigated the effect of different surface structure on expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication. Interestingly, we found that the osteogenic differentiation induced by structure was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, and activated BMP2 could in turn activate some integrin subunits and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect.
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13
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Xing M, Wang X, Wang E, Gao L, Chang J. Bone tissue engineering strategy based on the synergistic effects of silicon and strontium ions. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:381-395. [PMID: 29627679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are commonly used as seed cells in bone tissue engineering, but their clinical application is limited due to two challenges. One is the expansion of hBMSCs without loss of the stemness, and the other is the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs when combined with biomaterials. In this study we demonstrated an approach by firstly elucidating the functional effects and optimal concentrations of Si and Sr ions on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, and then designing bioactive bioceramic/alginate hydrogels which could release Si and Sr bioactive ions in the same optimal concentrations range for activation of the cells in vivo. The results showed that Si and Sr ions could synergistically stimulate cell proliferation without losing the stemness. Furthermore, at higher concentrations, Si and Sr ions stimulated osteogenic differentiation instead of enhancing proliferation. The designed bioactive hydrogels revealed activity to stimulate not only the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hBMSCs, but also the blood vessel formation in vivo. These results suggested that the design of biomaterials based on the biological function of different material elements was an effective approach for bone tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clinical application of multipotent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in bone tissue engineering is limited due to two challenges. One is the expansion of cells without loss of the stemness, and the other is the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs within the biomaterial scaffolds. Herein, we demonstrated an approach by firstly elucidating the functional effects and optimal concentrations of Si and Sr ions on the proliferation without losing stemness and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, and then designing a bioactive bioceramic/alginate hydrogel which could release Si and Sr ions for in vivo activation of cells. The bioactive hydrogels revealed activity to stimulate not only osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hBMSCs, but also the blood vessel formation in vivo. Our work provided an effective approach to design effective biomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xing
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Endian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
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14
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Wnt Signaling in Hematological Malignancies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:321-341. [PMID: 29389522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are a wide encompassing term for a diverse set of blood malignancies that affect people of all ages and result in approximately 23,000 deaths in the United States per year (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells at the apex of the hierarchy that gives rise to all of the terminally differentiated blood cells, through progressively restricted progenitor populations, a process that is known to be Wnt-responsive. In particular, the progenitor populations are subject to uncontrolled expansion during oncogenic processes, namely the common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor, as well as the myeloblast and lymphoblast. Unregulated growth of these cell-types leads to mainly three types of blood cancers (i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma), which frequently exhibit deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Generally, leukemia is caused by the expansion of myeloid progenitors, leading to an overproduction of white blood cells; as such, patients are unable to make sufficient numbers of red blood cells and platelets. Likewise, an overproduction of lymphocytes leads to clogging of the lymph system and impairment of the immune system in lymphomas. Finally, cancer of the plasma cells in the blood is called myeloma, which also leads to immune system failure. Within each of these three types of blood cancers, there are multiple subtypes, usually characterized by their timeline of onset and their cell type of origin. Of these, 85% of leukemias are encompassed by the four most common diseases, that is, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); AML accounts for the majority of leukemia-related deaths (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Through understanding how HSCs are normally developed and maintained, we can understand how the normal functions of these pathways are disrupted during blood cancer progression; the Wnt pathway is important in regulation of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of Wnt signaling in normal and aberrant hematopoiesis. Our understanding the relationship between Wnt and HSCs will provide novel insights into therapeutic targets.
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15
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Yang C, Han B, Cao C, Yang D, Qu X, Wang X. An injectable double-network hydrogel for the co-culture of vascular endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for simultaneously enhancing vascularization and osteogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7811-7821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of a GC/Alg DN hydrogel for the co-culture of BM-MSCs with VECs to promote vascularization and osteogenesis simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congchong Yang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology
- Peking Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology
- Peking Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Chunling Cao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology
- Peking Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Di Yang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology
- Peking Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
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16
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Silva DI, Santos BPD, Leng J, Oliveira H, Amédée J. Dorsal root ganglion neurons regulate the transcriptional and translational programs of osteoblast differentiation in a microfluidic platform. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3209. [PMID: 29238079 PMCID: PMC5870602 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Innervation by the sensory nervous system plays a key role in skeletal development and in orchestration of bone remodeling and regeneration. However, it is unclear how and in which bone cells can sensory nerves act to control these processes. Here, we show a microfluidic coculture system comprising dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that more faithfully represents the in vivo scenario of bone sensory innervation. We report that DRG neurons promote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs, by mediating the increase of alkaline phosphatase activity and the upregulation of osteoblast-specific genes. Furthermore, we show that DRG neurons have a positive impact on Cx43 levels in MSCs during osteoblastogenesis, especially at an early stage of this process. Conversely, we described a negative impact of DRG neurons on MSCs N-cadherin expression at a later stage. Finally, we demonstrate a cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin translocation into the nucleus, and subsequently Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor 1—responsive transcriptional activation of downstream genes in cocultured MSCs. Together, our study provides a robust body of evidence that the direct interaction of DRG neurons with MSCs in a bone-like microenvironment leads to an enhancement of osteoblast differentiation potential of MSCs. The osteogenic effect of DRG neurons on MSCs is mediated through the regulation of Cx43 and N-cadherin expression and activation of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Isabel Silva
- Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France. .,Tissue Bioengineering, INSERM, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Bruno Paiva Dos Santos
- Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Tissue Bioengineering, INSERM, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Leng
- University of Bordeaux, LOF, UMR5258, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, LOF, UMR5258, 33600, Pessac, France.,Solvay, LOF, UMR5258, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Tissue Bioengineering, INSERM, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Tissue Bioengineering, INSERM, U1026, 33076, Bordeaux, France
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17
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The Role of the Corpus Callosum in Pediatric Dysphagia: Preliminary Findings from a Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Dysphagia 2017; 32:703-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Xu Y, Wu Z, Dong X, Li H. Combined biomaterial signals stimulate communications between bone marrow stromal cell and endothelial cell. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined chemical and structural signals of biomaterials stimulate communications between bone marrow stromal cell and endothelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Xu
- Med-X Research Institute
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Med-X Research Institute
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Xin Dong
- Med-X Research Institute
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Med-X Research Institute
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
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19
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Huang X, Li C, Zhu B, Wang H, Luo X, Wei L. Co-cultured hBMSCs and HUVECs on human bio-derived bone scaffolds provide support for the long-termex vivoculture of HSC/HPCs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1221-30. [PMID: 26779960 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Huang
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Luo
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
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20
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Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese girls. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8355. [PMID: 26394188 PMCID: PMC4595747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a structural deformity of the spine affecting millions of children. As a complex disease, the genetic aetiology of AIS remains obscure. Here we report the results of a four-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in a sample of 4,317 AIS patients and 6,016 controls. Overall, we identify three new susceptibility loci at 1p36.32 near AJAP1 (rs241215, Pcombined=2.95 × 10−9), 2q36.1 between PAX3 and EPHA4 (rs13398147, Pcombined=7.59 × 10−13) and 18q21.33 near BCL-2 (rs4940576, Pcombined=2.22 × 10−12). In addition, we refine a previously reported region associated with AIS at 10q24.32 (rs678741, Pcombined=9.68 × 10−37), which suggests LBX1AS1, encoding an antisense transcript of LBX1, might be a functional variant of AIS. This is the first GWAS investigating genetic variants associated with AIS in Chinese population, and the findings provide new insight into the multiple aetiological mechanisms of AIS. The authors perform a genome-wide association study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients of Han Chinese descent, and identify 3 new loci for disease susceptibility.
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21
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Zhang J, Kong N, Niu J, Shi Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Yuan G. Influence of fluoride treatment on surface properties, biodegradation and cytocompatibility of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:791-799. [PMID: 24338379 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride treatment is a commonly used technique or pre-treatment to optimize the degradation kinetic and improve the biocompatibility of magnesium-based implant. The influence of changed surface properties and degradation kinetics on subsequent protein adsorption and cytocompatibility is critical to understand the biocompatibility of the implant. In this study, a patent magnesium alloy Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (JDBM) designed for cardiovascular stent application was treated by immersion in hydrofluoric acid. A 1.5 μm thick MgF2 layer was prepared. The surface roughness was increased slightly while the surface zeta potential was changed to a much more negative value after the treatment. Static contact angle test was performed, showing an increase in hydrophilicity and surface energy after the treatment. The MgF2 layer slowed down in vitro degradation rate, but lost the protection effect after 10 days. The treatment enhanced human albumin adsorption while no difference of human fibrinogen adsorption amount was observed. Direct cell adhesion test showed many more live HUVECs retained than bare magnesium alloy. Both treated and untreated JDBM showed no adverse effect on HUVEC viability and spreading morphology. The relationship between changed surface characteristics, degradation rate and protein adsorption, cytocompatibility was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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22
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Li H, Xue K, Kong N, Liu K, Chang J. Silicate bioceramics enhanced vascularization and osteogenesis through stimulating interactions between endothelia cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3803-18. [PMID: 24486216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The facts that biomaterials affect the behavior of single type of cells have been widely accepted. However, the effects of biomaterials on cell-cell interactions have rarely been reported. Bone tissue engineering involves osteoblastic cells (OCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and the interactions between OCs and ECs. It has been reported that silicate biomaterials can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of OCs and vascularization of ECs. However, the effects of silicate biomaterials on the interactions between ECs and OCs during vascularization and osteogenesis have not been reported, which are critical for bone tissue regeneration in vivo. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of calcium silicate (CS) bioceramics on interactions between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) and on stimulation of vascularization and osteogenesis in vivo through combining co-cultures with CS containing scaffolds. Specifically, the effects of CS on the angiogenic growth factor VEGF, osteogenic growth factor BMP-2 and the cross-talks between VEGF and BMP-2 in the co-culture system were elucidated. Results showed that CS stimulated co-cultured HBMSCs (co-HBMSCs) to express VEGF and the VEGF activated its receptor KDR on co-cultured HUVECs (co-HUVECs), which was also up-regulated by CS. Then, BMP-2 and nitric oxide expression from the co-HUVECs were stimulated by CS and the former stimulated osteogenic differentiation of co-HBMSCs while the latter stimulated vascularization of co-HVUECs. Finally, the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/CS composite scaffolds with the co-cultured HBMSCs and HUVECs significantly enhanced vascularization and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, which indicates that it is a promising way to enhance bone regeneration by combining scaffolds containing silicate bioceramics and co-cultures of ECs and OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ni Kong
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Jiang Chang
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
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23
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Chang S, Czajka-Jakubowska A, Nör JE, Clarkson BH, Ni L, Liu J. Fluorapatite enhances mineralization of mesenchymal/endothelial cocultures. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:12-22. [PMID: 23859365 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the widely used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells appear to be a favorable cell source for hard tissue regeneration. Previously, fluorapatite was shown to stimulate and enhance mineralization of MSCs. This study aims to investigate the growth of endothelial cells on synthesized ordered fluorapatite surfaces and their effect on the mineralization of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) through coculture. Endothelial cells were grown on fluorapatite surfaces and characterized by cell counting, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells were then cocultured with ASCs and stained for alkaline phosphatase and mineral formation. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway perturbation and basic FGF (bFGF) treatment of the ASCs were also conducted to observe their effects on differentiation and mineralization of these cells. Fluorapatite surfaces showed good biocompatibility in supporting endothelial cells. Without a mineralization supplement, coculture with endothelial cells induced osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, which was further enhanced by the fluorapatite surfaces. This suggested a combined stimulating effect of endothelial cells and fluorapatite surfaces on the enhanced mineralization of ASCs. Greater amounts of bFGF release by endothelial cells alone or cocultures with ASCs stimulated by fluorapatite surfaces, together with FGF pathway perturbation and bFGF treatment results, suggested that the FGF signaling pathway may function in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Guerrero J, Catros S, Derkaoui SM, Lalande C, Siadous R, Bareille R, Thébaud N, Bordenave L, Chassande O, Le Visage C, Letourneur D, Amédée J. Cell interactions between human progenitor-derived endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional macroporous polysaccharide-based scaffold promote osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8200-13. [PMID: 23743130 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue engineering. However, vascularization remains one of the main obstacles that must be overcome to reconstruct large bone defects. In vitro prevascularization of the three-dimensional (3-D) constructs using co-cultures of human progenitor-derived endothelial cells (PDECs) with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) appeared as a potential strategy. However, the crosstalk between the two lineages has been studied in two-dimensional (2-D), but remains unknown in 3-D. The aim of this study is to investigate the cell interactions between PDECs and HBMSCs in a porous matrix composed of polysaccharides. This biodegradable scaffold promotes cell interactions by inducing multicellular aggregates composed of HBMSCs surrounded by PDECs. Cell aggregation contributes to the formation of junctional proteins composed of Connexin43 (Cx43) and VE-cadherin, and an activation of osteoblastic differentiation of HBMSCs stimulated by the presence of PDECs. Inhibition of Cx43 by mimetic peptide 43GAP27 induced a decrease in mRNA levels of Cx43 and all the bone-specific markers. Finally, subcutaneous implantations for 3 and 8 weeks in NOG mice revealed an increase in osteoid formation with the tissue-engineered constructs seeded with HBMSCs/PDECs compared with those loaded with HBMSCs alone. Taking together, these results demonstrate that this 3-D microenvironment favored cell communication, osteogenesis and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guerrero
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France.
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Cellular kinetics of perivascular MSC precursors. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:983059. [PMID: 24023546 PMCID: PMC3760099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-like multipotent stem/progenitor cells have been widely investigated for regenerative medicine and deemed promising in clinical applications. In order to further improve MSC-based stem cell therapeutics, it is important to understand the cellular kinetics and functional roles of MSCs in the dynamic regenerative processes. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of typical MSC cultures, their native identity and anatomical localization in the body have remained unclear, making it difficult to decipher the existence of distinct cell subsets within the MSC entity. Recent studies have shown that several blood-vessel-derived precursor cell populations, purified by flow cytometry from multiple human organs, give rise to bona fide MSCs, suggesting that the vasculature serves as a systemic reservoir of MSC-like stem/progenitor cells. Using individually purified MSC-like precursor cell subsets, we and other researchers have been able to investigate the differential phenotypes and regenerative capacities of these contributing cellular constituents in the MSC pool. In this review, we will discuss the identification and characterization of perivascular MSC precursors, including pericytes and adventitial cells, and focus on their cellular kinetics: cell adhesion, migration, engraftment, homing, and intercellular cross-talk during tissue repair and regeneration.
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Leenen FHH. CNS pathways contributing to sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ebo.12.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frans HH Leenen
- Frans HH Leenen is Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology at the University of Ottawa School of Medicine (ON, Canada), Director of the Hypertension Unit at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (ON, Canada) and, since 2004, the first recipient of the Pfizer Research Chair in Hypertension, an endowed Chair supported by Pfizer Canada, the Ottawa Heart Institute Foundation and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. His current areas of research are the brain mechanisms determining sympathetic
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Lei Y, Zouani OF, Rami L, Chanseau C, Durrieu MC. Modulation of lumen formation by microgeometrical bioactive cues and migration mode of actin machinery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1086-1095. [PMID: 23161822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
How endothelial cells (ECs) express the particular filopodial or lamellipodial form of the actin machinery is critical to understanding EC functions such as angiogenesis and sprouting. It is not known how these mechanisms coordinately promote lumen formation of ECs. Here, adhesion molecules (RGD peptides) and inductor molecules (BMP-2 mimetic peptides) are micropatterned onto polymer surfaces by a photolithographic technique to induce filopodial and lamellipodial migration modes. Firstly, the effects of peptide microgeometrical distribution on EC adhesion, orientation and morphogenesis are evaluated. Large micropatterns (100 μm) promote EC orientation without lumen formation, whereas small micropatterns (10-50 μm) elicit a collective cell organization and induce EC lumen formation, in the case of RGD peptides. Secondly, the correlation between EC actin machinery expression and EC self-assembly into lumen formation is addressed. Only the filopodial migration mode (mimicked by RGD) but not lamellipodial migration mode (mimicked by BMP-2) promotes EC lumen formation. This work gives a new concept for the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering and may provide new insight for angiogenesis inhibition on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Lei
- Université Bordeaux 1-CNRS, UMR5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, Pessac, France.
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Lento W, Congdon K, Voermans C, Kritzik M, Reya T. Wnt signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008011. [PMID: 23378582 PMCID: PMC3552513 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable characteristics of stem cells is their ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal while concomitantly generating differentiated cells. In the hematopoietic system, stem cells balance these mechanisms to maintain steady-state hematopoiesis for the lifetime of the organism, and to effectively regenerate the system following injury. Defects in the proper control of self-renewal and differentiation can be potentially devastating and contribute to the development of malignancies. In this review, we trace the emerging role of Wnt signaling as a critical regulator of distinct aspects of self-renewal and differentiation, its contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration, and how the pathway can be hijacked to promote leukemia development. A better understanding of these processes could pave the way to enhancing recovery after injury and to developing better therapeutic approaches for hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lento
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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29
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Li H, Daculsi R, Bareille R, Bourget C, Amedee J. uPA and MMP-2 were involved in self-assembled network formation in a two dimensional co-culture model of bone marrow stromal cells and endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:650-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Xu L, Meng F, Ni M, Lee Y, Li G. N-cadherin regulates osteogenesis and migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [PMID: 23187741 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cellular adhesive protein, plays important roles during embryonic development and bone formation. The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in osteoblast differentiation and homing to the sites of injury make it a promising cell resource for tissue engineering. However, the role of N-cadherin in MSCs osteoblast differentiation and migration remains still obscure. In the present study, our results showed that prolonged N-cadherin overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through negatively regulating β-catenin and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes (Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone morphogenetic protein 2) were significantly inhibited by N-cadherin, as well as the ALP activity and calcium deposit as stained by Alizarin Red S. While, silencing N-cadherin using shRNA reversed this effect. Furthermore, ectopic bone formation conducted in nude mice verified that N-cadherin significantly inhibited ectopic bone formation of MSCs in vivo. In addition, we also found that the N-cadherin overexpression could promote the migration potential of MSCs. These findings reveal that N-cadherin inhibits osteogenesis but promotes migration of MSCs. The underlying mechanism of N-cadherin inhibiting osteogenesis may through suppressing β-catenin and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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31
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Lei Y, Rémy M, Labrugère C, Durrieu MC. Peptide immobilization on polyethylene terephthalate surfaces to study specific endothelial cell adhesion, spreading and migration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2761-2772. [PMID: 22878726 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To control specific endothelial cell (EC) functions, cell adhesive RGDS, EC specific REDV and YIGSR peptides, and angiogenic SVVYGLR sequences were covalently immobilized onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces for the purpose of cell culture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and contact angle measurement were employed for characterization of surface modifications. The peptide density on PET surfaces was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The surfaces immobilized with peptides were exposed to human umbilical vein endothelial cells to study their specific effects onto EC functions. The results showed that the surface functionalized by these peptides enhanced the EC adhesion, spreading and migration as compared with native PET surfaces. Specifically, the RGDS peptides induced more cell adhesion than other peptides. The YIGSR and SVVYGLR sequences induced more cell spreading and cell migration, represented by intense focal adhesion at the leading edges of cell spreading and migration. The bi-functionalization of RGDS and SVVYGLR peptides (MIX) combined the advantages of both peptides and induced significant EC adhesion, spreading and migration. Our study indicates that the surface functionalization by peptides specific for ECs, especially the combination of RGDS with SVVYGLR or YIGSR peptides, has potential applications in promoting endothelialization of vascular prostheses and for construction of vascularized tissues in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Lei
- Université Bordeaux Segalen, Inserm U1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Bordeaux, France.
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32
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Bulnheim U, Müller P, Neumann HG, Peters K, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ, Rychly J. Endothelial cells stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:831-40. [PMID: 23038605 DOI: 10.1002/term.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with endothelium in vivo is significant for regenerative processes in organisms. To design concepts for tissue engineering for bone regeneration based on this interaction, the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs in a co-culture with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) was studied. The experiments were focussed on the regulation of MSCs in a co-culture with HDMECs on different calcium phosphate scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expression of various osteogenic markers increased significantly when cells were co-cultured on materials with calcium phosphate scaffolds compared to tissue culture polystyrene or when MSCs were cultured alone. In addition, it was observed that the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin was highly sensitive to the substrate for cell adhesion. Whereas these late osteogenic markers were down-regulated in co-cultures on polystyrene, they were up-regulated on calcium phosphate and moreover, were differentially expressed on the three calcium phosphate scaffolds tested. To enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in a co-culture, direct cell-cell interactions were required. Concerning molecular mechanisms in the interactions between both cell types, it was found that connexin 43 was expressed in contact sites and more apparently, endothelial cells grew over the MSCs, which facilitated direct cellular interactions mediated by various adhesion receptors. This study revealed significant findings for the design of implant materials suitable for regeneration of bone by stimulating the functional interaction of MSCs with endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bulnheim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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Lei Y, Zouani OF, Rémy M, Ayela C, Durrieu MC. Geometrical microfeature cues for directing tubulogenesis of endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41163. [PMID: 22829923 PMCID: PMC3400641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by sprouting from pre-existing ones, is critical for the establishment and maintenance of complex tissues. Angiogenesis is usually triggered by soluble growth factors such as VEGF. However, geometrical cues also play an important role in this process. Here we report the induction of angiogenesis solely by SVVYGLR peptide micropatterning on polymer surfaces. SVVYGLR peptide stripes were micropatterned onto polymer surfaces by photolithography to study their effects on endothelial cell (EC) behavior. Our results showed that the EC behaviors (cell spreading, orientation and migration) were significantly more guided and regulated on narrower SVVYGLR micropatterns (10 and 50 µm) than on larger stripes (100 µm). Also, EC morphogenesis into tube formation was switched on onto the smaller patterns. We illustrated that the central lumen of tubular structures can be formed by only one-to-four cells due to geometrical constraints on the micropatterns which mediated cell-substrate adhesion and generated a correct maturation of adherens junctions. In addition, sprouting of ECs and vascular networks were also induced by geometrical cues on surfaces micropatterned with SVVYGLR peptides. These micropatterned surfaces provide opportunities for mimicking angiogenesis by peptide modification instead of exogenous growth factors. The organization of ECs into tubular structures and the induction of sprouting angiogenesis are important towards the fabrication of vascularized tissues, and this work has great potential applications in tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Lei
- INSERM U1026, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
- CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, Université Bordeaux 1, Pessac, France
- * E-mail: (YL); (OFZ)
| | - Omar F. Zouani
- INSERM U1026, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
- CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, Université Bordeaux 1, Pessac, France
- * E-mail: (YL); (OFZ)
| | - Murielle Rémy
- INSERM U1026, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Ayela
- IMS, UMR CNRS 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- INSERM U1026, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
- CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, Université Bordeaux 1, Pessac, France
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Laranjeira MS, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ. Reciprocal induction of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells: time-dependent profile in a co-culture system. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:320-34. [PMID: 22607133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis is closely associated with osteogenesis where reciprocal interactions between endothelial and osteoblast cells play an important role in bone regeneration. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to develop a co-culture system to study in detail any time-dependent interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), co-cultured in a 2D system, for 35 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS HMSC and HDMEC were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:4, respectively. Single-cell cultures were used as controls. Cell viability/proliferation was assessed using MTT, DNA quantification and calcein-AM assays. Cell morphology was monitored using confocal microscopy, and real time PCR was performed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and histochemical staining were evaluated. Matrix mineralization assays were also performed. RESULTS Cells were able to grow in characteristic patterns maintaining their viability and phenotype expression throughout culture time, compared to HMSC and HDMEC monocultures. HMSC differentiation seemed to be enhanced in the co-culture conditions, since it was observed an over expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and of ALP activity. Furthermore, presence of calcium phosphate deposits was also confirmed. CONCLUSIONS This work reports in detail the interactions between HMSC and HDMEC in a long-term co-culture 2D system. Endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the present co-culture conditions ensured proliferation and phenotype differentiation of cell types, osteogenesis stimulation and over-expression of angiogenesis-related genes, in the same culture system. It is believed that the present work can lead to significant developments for bone tissue regeneration and cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Laranjeira
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Zouani OF, Chanseau C, Brouillaud B, Bareille R, Deliane F, Foulc MP, Mehdi A, Durrieu MC. Altered nanofeature size dictates stem cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1217-24. [PMID: 22302989 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.093229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of stem cells can be modulated by physical factors such as the micro- and nano-topography of the extracellular matrix. One important goal in stem cell research is to understand the concept that directs differentiation into a specific cell lineage in the nanoscale environment. Here, we demonstrate that such paths exist by controlling only the micro- and nano-topography of polymer surfaces. Altering the depth (on a nanometric scale) of micro-patterned surface structures allowed increased adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with specific differentiation into osteoblasts, in the absence of osteogenic medium. Small (10 nm) depth patterns promoted cell adhesion without noticeable differentiation, whereas larger depth patterns (100 nm) elicited a collective cell organization, which induced selective differentiation into osteoblast-like cells. This latter response was dictated by stress through focal-adhesion-induced reorganization of F-actin filaments. The results have significant implications for understanding the architectural effects of the in vivo microenvironment and also for the therapeutic use of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Zouani
- INSERM, U1026, BioIngénierie Tissulaire, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Ciriza J, Hall D, Lu A, De Sena JR, Al-Kuhlani M, García-Ojeda ME. Single-cell analysis of murine long-term hematopoietic stem cells reveals distinct patterns of gene expression during fetal migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30542. [PMID: 22276210 PMCID: PMC3262840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) migrate from the fetal liver (FL) to the fetal bone marrow (FBM) during development. Various adhesion and chemotactic receptor genes have been implicated in the migration of adult LT-HSCs. However, their role in the migration of fetal LT-HSCs is not clearly understood due, in part, to the rare number of these cells in fetal tissues, which preclude classical gene expression analysis. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression of migration related genes in fetal LT-HSC across different anatomical locations during development. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We isolated fetal LT-HSC from different developmental stages, as well as different anatomical locations, and performed single-cell multiplex RT-qPCR and flow cytometry analysis of eight molecules involved in adult LT-HSC migration. Our results show that the gene expression of the chemokine receptor Cxcr4 in LT-HSC varies across developmental microenvironments and times, while the cadherin Cdh2 (Ncad) and the calcium receptor Casr show higher gene expression and variability only in FBM at 17.5 days post coitum (dpc). The cadherin Cdh5 (Vecad) maintains high expression variability only during fetal development, while the integrin subunit Itga5 (α5) increases its variability after 14.5 dpc. The integrin subunits Itga4 (α4) and Itgal (Lfa1), as well as the selectin ligand Selplg (Psgl1), did not show differences in their expression in single LT-HSCs irrespective of the developmental times or anatomical microenvironments studied. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that the expression pattern of phenotypically identical, single LT-HSCs fluctuates as a function of developmental stage and anatomical microenvironment. This is the first exhaustive gene expression comparison of migration-related molecules in fetal tissues across developmental times, enhancing the understanding of LT-HSC migration fate decisions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ciriza
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Dominique Hall
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Alison Lu
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Robert De Sena
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Marcos E. García-Ojeda
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
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Zhang M, Wu C, Li H, Yuen J, Chang J, Xiao Y. Preparation, characterization and in vitro angiogenic capacity of cobalt substituted β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Takahashi H, Yoshika M, Komiyama Y, Nishimura M. The central mechanism underlying hypertension: a review of the roles of sodium ions, epithelial sodium channels, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress and endogenous digitalis in the brain. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1147-60. [PMID: 21814209 PMCID: PMC3324327 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has a key role in regulating the circulatory system by modulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pituitary hormone release, and the baroreceptor reflex. Digoxin- and ouabain-like immunoreactive materials were found >20 years ago in the hypothalamic nuclei. These factors appeared to localize to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and the nerve fibers at the circumventricular organs and supposed to affect electrolyte balance and blood pressure. The turnover rate of these materials increases with increasing sodium intake. As intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain increases blood pressure via sympathetic activation, an endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) was thought to regulate cardiovascular system-related functions in the brain, particularly after sodium loading. Experiments conducted mainly in rats revealed that the mechanism of action of ouabain in the brain involves sodium ions, epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), all of which are affected by sodium loading. Rats fed a high-sodium diet develop elevated sodium levels in their cerebrospinal fluid, which activates ENaCs. Activated ENaCs and/or increased intracellular sodium in neurons activate the RAAS; this releases EDLF in the brain, activating the sympathetic nervous system. The RAAS promotes oxidative stress in the brain, further activating the RAAS and augmenting sympathetic outflow. Angiotensin II and aldosterone of peripheral origin act in the brain to activate this cascade, increasing sympathetic outflow and leading to hypertension. Thus, the brain Na(+)-ENaC-RAAS-EDLF axis activates sympathetic outflow and has a crucial role in essential and secondary hypertension. This report provides an overview of the central mechanism underlying hypertension and discusses the use of antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuo Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka, Japan.
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Sui X, Wang D, Geng S, Zhou G, He C, Hu X. Methylated promoters of genes encoding protocadherins as a new cancer biomarker family. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1105-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang J, Stern PH. Dose-dependent differential effects of risedronate on gene expression in osteoblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1036-42. [PMID: 21300031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have multiple effects on bone. Their actions on osteoclasts lead to inhibition of bone resorption, at least partially through apoptosis. Effects on osteoblasts vary, with modifications in the molecule and concentration both resulting in qualitatively different responses. To understand the mechanism of the differential effects of high and low bisphosphonate concentrations on osteoblast activity, we compared the effects of 10⁻⁸ M and 10⁻⁴ M risedronate on gene expression in UMR-106 rat osteoblastic cells. Two targeted arrays, an 84-gene signaling array and an 84-gene osteogeneic array were used. Gene expression was measured at 1 and 24 h. Although some genes were regulated similarly by low and high concentrations of the drug, there was also differential regulation. At 1 h, 11 genes (1 signaling and 10 osteogenesis) were solely regulated by the low concentration, and 7 genes (3 signaling, 4 osteogenesis) were solely regulated by the high concentration. At 24 h, 8 genes (3 signaling, 5 osteogenesis) were solely regulated by the low concentration and 30 genes (16 signaling and 14 osteogenesis) were solely regulated by the high concentration. Interestingly, the low, but not the high concentration of risedronate transiently and selectively upregulated several genes associated with cell differentiation. A number of genes related to apoptosis were regulated, and could be involved in effects of bisphosphonates to promote osteoblast apoptosis. Also, observed gene changes associated with decreased angiogenesis and decreased metastasis could, if they occur in other cell types, provide a basis for the effectiveness of bisphosphonates in the prevention of cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Huang BS, Leenen FHH. Mineralocorticoid Actions in the Brain and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 13:214-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-011-0192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li H, Daculsi R, Grellier M, Bareille R, Bourget C, Remy M, Amedee J. The role of vascular actors in two dimensional dialogue of human bone marrow stromal cell and endothelial cell for inducing self-assembled network. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16767. [PMID: 21304816 PMCID: PMC3033416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is very important for vascularized tissue engineering. In this study, we found that a two-dimensional co-culture of human bone marrow stromal cell (HBMSC) and human umbical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) is able to stimulate the migration of co-cultured HUVEC and induce self-assembled network formation. During this process, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) was upregulated in co-cultured HBMSC. Meanwhile, VEGF165-receptor2 (KDR) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) were upregulated in co-cultured HUVEC. Functional studies show that neutralization of VEGF165 blocked the migration and the rearrangement of the cells and downregulated the expression of uPA and its receptor. Blocking of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) did not affect the migration of co-cultured HUVEC but suppressed the self-assembled network formation. In conclusion, co-cultures upregulated the expression of VEGF165 in co-cultured HBMSC; VEGF165 then activated uPA in co-cultured HUVEC, which might be responsible for initiating the migration and the self-assembled network formation with the participation of VE-cad. All of these results indicated that only the direct contact of HBMSC and HUVEC and their respective dialogue are sufficient to stimulate secretion of soluble factors and to activate molecules that are critical for self-assembled network formation which show a great application potential for vascularization in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- INSERM U577, Bordeaux and University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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