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Vakayil M, Madani AY, Agha MV, Majeed Y, Hayat S, Yonuskunju S, Mohamoud YA, Malek J, Suhre K, Mazloum NA. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 promotes adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB-mediated TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11886. [PMID: 38789534 PMCID: PMC11126700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin-ligase UHRF1 is an epigenetic regulator coordinating DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, little is known about how it regulates adipogenesis or metabolism. In this study, we discovered that UHRF1 is a key regulatory factor for adipogenesis, and we identified the altered molecular pathways that UHRF1 targets. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout strategies, we discovered the whole transcriptomic changes upon UHRF1 deletion. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that key adipogenesis regulators such PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α were suppressed, whereas TGF-β signaling and fibrosis markers were upregulated in UHRF1-depleted differentiating adipocytes. Furthermore, UHRF1-depleted cells showed upregulated expression and secretion of TGF-β1, as well as the glycoprotein GPNMB. Treating differentiating preadipocytes with recombinant GPNMB led to an increase in TGF-β protein and secretion levels, which was accompanied by an increase in secretion of fibrosis markers such as MMP13 and a reduction in adipogenic conversion potential. Conversely, UHRF1 overexpression studies in human cells demonstrated downregulated levels of GPNMB and TGF-β, and enhanced adipogenic potential. In conclusion, our data show that UHRF1 positively regulates 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB and TGF-β signaling cascade, highlighting the potential relevance of UHRF1 and its targets to the clinical management of obesity and linked metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Vakayil
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Y Madani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha V Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shameem Yonuskunju
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Ali Mohamoud
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef A Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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2
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Wu R, Sun F, Zhang W, Ren J, Liu GH. Targeting aging and age-related diseases with vaccines. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:464-482. [PMID: 38622408 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Vaccination offers a promising strategy to combat these age-related diseases by targeting specific antigens and inducing immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in vaccine-based interventions targeting these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer, summarizing current approaches for identifying disease-associated antigens and inducing immune responses against these targets. Further, we reflect on the recent development of vaccines targeting senescent cells, as a strategy for more broadly targeting underlying causes of aging and associated pathologies. In addition to highlighting recent progress in these areas, we discuss important next steps to advance the therapeutic potential of these vaccines, including improving and robustly demonstrating efficacy in human clinical trials, as well as rigorously evaluating the safety and long-term effects of these vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Kim YS, Han JH, Lim CH, Fang XQ, Jang HS, Lee SY, Yim WJ, Lim JH. Effects of Fermented Polygonum cuspidatum on the Skeletal Muscle Functions. Nutrients 2024; 16:305. [PMID: 38276543 PMCID: PMC10818974 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extract fermentation is widely employed to enhance the nutritional and pharmaceutical value of functional foods. Polygonum cuspidatum (Pc) contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, and stilbenes, imparting protective effects against inflammatory diseases, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of fermented Pc on skeletal muscle strength remain unexplored. In this study, we generated fermented Pc using a complex of microorganisms containing Lactobacillus spp. (McPc) and assessed its effects on muscle strength and motor function in mice. Compared to unfermented Pc water extract, elevated levels of emodin and resveratrol were noted in McPc. This was identified and quantified using UPLC-QTOF/MS and HPLC techniques. Gene expression profiling through RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that McPc administration upregulated the expression of genes associated with antioxidants, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured C2C12 myotubes and the gastrocnemius muscle in mice. McPc significantly improved skeletal muscle strength, motor coordination, and traction force in mice subjected to sciatic neurectomy and high-fat diet (HFD). McPc administration exhibited more pronounced improvement of obesity, hyperglycemia, fatty liver, and hyperlipidemia in HFD mice compared to control group. These findings support the notion that emodin and resveratrol-enriched McPc may offer health benefits for addressing skeletal muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.K.); (C.-H.L.); (X.-Q.F.)
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Jung-Ang Microbe Research Institute (JM), 398, Jikji-daero, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.J.); (S.-Y.L.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Ji-Hye Han
- Jung-Ang Microbe Research Institute (JM), 398, Jikji-daero, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.J.); (S.-Y.L.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Chang-Hoon Lim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.K.); (C.-H.L.); (X.-Q.F.)
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Quan Fang
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.K.); (C.-H.L.); (X.-Q.F.)
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeock-Soon Jang
- Jung-Ang Microbe Research Institute (JM), 398, Jikji-daero, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.J.); (S.-Y.L.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Jung-Ang Microbe Research Institute (JM), 398, Jikji-daero, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.J.); (S.-Y.L.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Woo-Jong Yim
- Jung-Ang Microbe Research Institute (JM), 398, Jikji-daero, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28576, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.J.); (S.-Y.L.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Medicinal Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.K.); (C.-H.L.); (X.-Q.F.)
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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4
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Palisoc PJ, Vaikutis L, Gurrea-Rubio M, Model EN, O'mara MM, Ory S, Vichaikul S, Khanna D, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Functional Characterization of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B in Scleroderma Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814533. [PMID: 35280996 PMCID: PMC8907428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is involved in various cell functions such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we set forth to determine the role of GPNMB in systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from skin biopsies from healthy subjects and patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc. GPNMB was upregulated in dcSSc fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts, and correlated negatively with the modified Rodnan skin score. In addition, dcSSc fibroblasts secreted higher levels of soluble (s)GPNMB (147.4 ± 50.2 pg/ml vs. 84.8 ± 14.8 pg/ml, p<0.05), partly due to increased ADAM10. sGPNMB downregulated profibrotic genes in dcSSc fibroblasts and inhibited cell proliferation and gel contraction. The anti-fibrotic effect of sGPNMB was at least in part mediated through CD44, which is regulated by histone acetylation. TGFβ downregulated GPNMB and decreased the release of its soluble form in normal fibroblasts. In dcSSc fibroblasts, GPNMB is upregulated by its own soluble form. Our data demonstrate an anti-fibrotic role of sGPNMB in SSc and established a role for the ADAM10-sGPNMB-CD44 axis in dermal fibroblasts. Upregulating GPNMB expression might provide a novel therapeutic approach in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Palisoc
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah Vaikutis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mikel Gurrea-Rubio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ellen N Model
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan M O'mara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Ory
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sirapa Vichaikul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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GPNMB Extracellular Fragment Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting AKT Phosphorylation Independent of CD44. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910843. [PMID: 34639184 PMCID: PMC8509362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in cancer metastasis and osteoblast differentiation. In the skin epidermis, GPNMB is mainly expressed in melanocytes and plays a critical role in melanosome formation. In our previous study, GPNMB was also found to be expressed in skin epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, decreased GPNMB expression was observed in the epidermis of lesional skin of patients with vitiligo. However, the exact role of keratinocyte-derived GPNMB and its effect on vitiligo is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GPNMB expression was also decreased in rhododendrol-induced leukoderma, as seen in vitiligo. The extracellular soluble form of GPNMB (sGPNMB) was found to protect melanocytes from cytotoxicity and the impairment of melanogenesis induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the effect of rGPNMB was not altered by the knockdown of CD44, which is a well-known receptor of GPNMB, but accompanied by the suppressed phosphorylation of AKT but not ERK, p38, or JNK. In addition, we found that oxidative stress decreased both transcriptional GPNMB expression and sGPNMB protein expression in human keratinocytes. Our results suggest that GPNMB might provide novel insights into the mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo and leukoderma.
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6
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Yukata K, Nikawa T, Takahashi M, Yasui N. Overexpressed osteoactivin reduced osteoclastic callus resorption during distraction osteogenesis in mice. J Pediatr Orthop B 2021; 30:500-506. [PMID: 32732799 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis is a widely used surgical technique to treat bone deformity and shortening. Several biological treatments have been studied to enhance bone formation during distraction osteogenesis in animals. However, role of osteoactivin in the osseous tissues during distraction osteogenesis remains poorly understood. In this animal experimental study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of osteoactivin by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR using a mouse model for tibial lengthening. Furthermore, to address the role of osteoactivin in bone lengthening, we subjected the osteoactivin-transgenic mice to distraction osteogenesis model. During the lag phase, the fibroblast-like cells (possible progenitors of the osteoblasts or chondrocytes), which mainly express osteoactivin, were infiltrated into the osteotomy site. Osteoactivin was ubiquitously expressed in the lengthened segment during the distraction and consolidation phases. Consistent with the immunohistochemical analysis, the levels of the osteoactivin transcripts in the tibias were significantly increased throughout the distraction osteogenesis process. The bone mineral content in the osteoactivin-transgenic mice calculated using peripheral quantitative computed tomography was also significantly increased at the remodeling zone. The histomorphometric analysis revealed that newly formed callus resorption in the remodeling zone was significantly reduced but bone formation was not altered in the osteoactivin-transgenic mice. We conclude that osteoactivin functions as an inhibitor of callus resorption during the consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Yukata
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ogori Daiichi General Hospital, Yamaguchi
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima
| | - Natsuo Yasui
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima
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7
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Functional Domains and Evolutionary History of the PMEL and GPNMB Family Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123529. [PMID: 34207849 PMCID: PMC8273697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient paralogs premelanosome protein (PMEL) and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) have independently emerged as intriguing disease loci in recent years. Both proteins possess common functional domains and variants that cause a shared spectrum of overlapping phenotypes and disease associations: melanin-based pigmentation, cancer, neurodegenerative disease and glaucoma. Surprisingly, these proteins have yet to be shown to physically or genetically interact within the same cellular pathway. This juxtaposition inspired us to compare and contrast this family across a breadth of species to better understand the divergent evolutionary trajectories of two related, but distinct, genes. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of PMEL and GPNMB in clade-representative species and identified TMEM130 as the most ancient paralog of the family. By curating the functional domains in each paralog, we identified many commonalities dating back to the emergence of the gene family in basal metazoans. PMEL and GPNMB have gained functional domains since their divergence from TMEM130, including the core amyloid fragment (CAF) that is critical for the amyloid potential of PMEL. Additionally, the PMEL gene has acquired the enigmatic repeat domain (RPT), composed of a variable number of imperfect tandem repeats; this domain acts in an accessory role to control amyloid formation. Our analyses revealed the vast variability in sequence, length and repeat number in homologous RPT domains between craniates, even within the same taxonomic class. We hope that these analyses inspire further investigation into a gene family that is remarkable from the evolutionary, pathological and cell biology perspectives.
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8
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The soluble glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) produced by macrophages induces cancer stemness and metastasis via CD44 and IL-33. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:711-722. [PMID: 32728200 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, myeloid cells have tumor-supporting roles. We reported that the protein GPNMB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic B) was profoundly upregulated in macrophages interacting with tumor cells. Here, using mouse tumor models, we show that macrophage-derived soluble GPNMB increases tumor growth and metastasis in Gpnmb-mutant mice (DBA/2J). GPNMB triggers in the cancer cells the formation of self-renewing spheroids, which are characterized by the expression of cancer stem cell markers, prolonged cell survival and increased tumor-forming ability. Through the CD44 receptor, GPNMB mechanistically activates tumor cells to express the cytokine IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R1L. We also determined that recombinant IL-33 binding to IL-1R1L is sufficient to induce tumor spheroid formation with features of cancer stem cells. Overall, our results reveal a new paracrine axis, GPNMB and IL-33, which is activated during the cross talk of macrophages with tumor cells and eventually promotes cancer cell survival, the expansion of cancer stem cells and the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype.
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Biswas KB, Takahashi A, Mizutani Y, Takayama S, Ishitsuka A, Yang L, Yang F, Iddamalgoda A, Katayama I, Inoue S. GPNMB is expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes but disappears in the vitiligo lesional skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4930. [PMID: 32188902 PMCID: PMC7080742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPNMB is involved in multiple cellular functions including cell adhesion, stress protection and stem cell maintenance. In skin, melanocyte-GPNMB is suggested to mediate pigmentation through melanosome formation, but details of keratinocyte-GPNMB have yet to be well understood. We confirmed the expression of GPNMB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) by reducing the expression using siRNA. A higher calcium concentration of over 1.25 mM decreased the GPNMB expression. Histological staining showed that GPNMB was expressed in the basal layer of normal skins but completely absent in vitiligo skins. The normal expression of GPNMB in nevus depigmentosus skin suggested that lack of GPNMB is characteristic of vitiligo lesional skins. IFN-γ and IL-17A, two cytokines with possible causal roles in vitiligo development, inhibited GPNMB expression in vitro. Approximately 4–8% of the total GPNMB expressed on NHEKs were released possibly by ADAM 10 as a soluble form, but the process of release was not affected by the cytokines. The suppressive effect of IFN-γ on GPNMB was partially via IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 signaling axis. Decreased GPNMB expression in keratinocytes may affect melanocyte maintenance or survival against oxidative stress although further studies are needed. These findings indicate a new target for vitiligo treatment, focusing on the novel role of IFN-γ and IL-17 in downregulating keratinocyte-GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazal Boron Biswas
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mizutani
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asako Ishitsuka
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arunasiri Iddamalgoda
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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10
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Michalinos A, Tsaroucha AK, Lambropoulou M, Schizas D, Valsami G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Pitiakoudis MS, Simopoulos CE. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B expression after hepatic ischemia reperfusion and the effect of silibinin. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:7. [PMID: 32190775 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with various roles in inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling and oncogenesis. Clinical situations implicating alterations in its expression include ischemic injury, cirrhosis and fatty liver disease amongst other. We examine its expression in hepatic and renal tissue following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model, with and without intravenous silibinin administration, as a silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin lyophilized complex (SLB-HP-β-CD). Methods Sixty-three Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sham group (virtual intervention; 7 animals), control (C) group (45 min of ischemia, followed by reperfusion and euthanasia at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min; 28 animals equally divided), and silibinin (Si) group (45 min of ischemia, intravenous administration of SLB-HP-β-CD, reperfusion and euthanasia at the same time points; 28 animals equally divided). GPNMB expression was examined in liver and kidney tissue. Results GPNMB expression was significantly increased following hepatic I/R in the control group, in kidney tissue, in a time dependent manner. In the silibinin group, GPNMB expression significantly decreased with time compared to the control group in both liver and kidney tissue (P<0.05). Conclusions Hepatic I/R causes increase of GPNMB levels both in liver and kidney tissues, which may reflect tissue injury. Silibinin seems to act protectively on both liver and kidney, and can be potentially used as a therapeutic approach against hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Michalinos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael S Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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11
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Hüttenrauch M, Ogorek I, Klafki H, Otto M, Stadelmann C, Weggen S, Wiltfang J, Wirths O. Glycoprotein NMB: a novel Alzheimer's disease associated marker expressed in a subset of activated microglia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 30340518 PMCID: PMC6194687 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, devastating neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the loss of neurons and subsequent cognitive decline. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AD, the precise molecular mechanisms that cause the disease remain elusive. By now, there is ample evidence that activated microglia have a critical role in the initiation and progression of AD. The present study describes the identification of Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel AD-related factor in both transgenic mice and sporadic AD patients by expression profiling, immunohistochemistry and ELISA measurements. We show that GPNMB levels increase in an age-dependent manner in transgenic AD models showing profound cerebral neuron loss and demonstrate that GPNMB co-localizes with a distinct population of IBA1-positive microglia cells that cluster around amyloid plaques. Our data further indicate that GPNMB is part of a microglia activation state that is only present under neurodegenerative conditions and that is characterized by the up-regulation of a subset of genes including TREM2, APOE and CST7. In agreement, we provide in vitro evidence that soluble Aβ has a direct effect on GPNMB expression in an immortalized microglia cell line. Importantly, we show for the first time that GPNMB is elevated in brain samples and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sporadic AD patients when compared to non-demented controls. The current findings indicate that GPNMB represents a novel disease-associated marker that appears to play a role in the neuroinflammatory response of AD.
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12
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Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Paiva AE, Lousado L, Turquetti AOM, Barreto RSN, de Alvarenga EC, Miglino MA, Gonçalves R, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Macrophage-derived GPNMB accelerates skin healing. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:630-635. [PMID: 29505115 PMCID: PMC6013359 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Healing is a vital response important for the re-establishment of the skin integrity following injury. Delayed or aberrant dermal wound healing leads to morbidity in patients. The development of therapies to improve dermal healing would be useful. Currently, the design of efficient treatments is stalled by the lack of detailed knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in wound healing. Recently, using state-of-the-art technologies, it was revealed that macrophages signal via GPNMB to mesenchymal stem cells, accelerating skin healing. Strikingly, transplantation of macrophages expressing GPNMB improves skin healing in GPNMB-mutant mice. Additionally, topical treatment with recombinant GPNMB restored mesenchymal stem cells recruitment and accelerated wound closure in the diabetic skin. From a drug development perspective, this GPNMB is a new candidate for skin healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walison N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana E. Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lousado
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anaelise O. M. Turquetti
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. N. Barreto
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Costa de Alvarenga
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del Rey, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Miglino
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Lim JM, Lee YJ, Cho HR, Park DC, Jung GW, Ku SK, Choi JS. Extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) inhibit dexamethasone‑induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1245-1264. [PMID: 29138805 PMCID: PMC5819910 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the beneficial skeletal muscle‑preserving effects of extracellular polysaccharides from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) (EAP) on dexamethasone (DEXA)‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy in mice. To investigate whether EAP prevented catabolic DEXA‑induced muscle atrophy, and to examine its mechanisms of action, EAP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally, once a day for 24 days. EAP treatment was initiated 2 weeks prior to DEXA treatment (1 mg/kg, once a day for 10 days) in mice. Body weight alterations, serum biochemistry, calf thickness, calf muscle strength, gastrocnemius muscle thickness and weight, gastrocnemius muscle antioxidant defense parameters, gastrocnemius muscle mRNA expression, histology and histomorphometry were subsequently assessed. After 24 days, DEXA control mice exhibited muscle atrophy according to all criteria indices. However, these muscle atrophy symptoms were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with all three doses of EAP. Regarding possible mechanisms of action, EAP exhibited favorable ameliorating effects on DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy via antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects; these effects were mediated by modulation of the expression of genes involved in muscle protein synthesis (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4) and degradation (atrogin‑1, muscle RING‑finger protein‑1, myostatin and sirtuin 1). Therefore, these results indicated that EAP may be helpful in improving muscle atrophies of various etiologies. EAP at 400 mg/kg exhibited favorable muscle protective effects against DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy, comparable with the effects of oxymetholone (50 mg/kg), which has been used to treat various muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | | | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Dong-Chan Park
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Go-Woon Jung
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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14
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Osteoactivin (GPNMB) ectodomain protein promotes growth and invasive behavior of human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13932-44. [PMID: 26883195 PMCID: PMC4924689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential application of GPNMB/OA as a therapeutic target for lung cancer will require a greater understanding of the impact of GPNMB/OA ectodomain (ECD) protein shedding into tumor tissues. Thus, in this work we characterized GPNMB/OA expression and extent of shedding of its ECD protein while evaluating the impact on lung cancer progression using three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: A549, SK-MES-1 and calu-6. We observed a direct correlation (R2 = 0.89) between GPNMB/OA expression on NSCLC cells and the extent of GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GPNMB/OA in cancer cells significantly reduced GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding, migration, invasion and adhesion to extracellular matrix materials. Also, exogenous treatment of cancer cells (expressing low GPNMB/OA) with recombinant GPNMB/OA protein (rOA) significantly facilitated cell invasion and migration, but the effects of rOA was negated by inclusion of a selective RGD peptide. Further studies in athymic (nu/nu) mice-bearing calu-6 showed that intratumoral supplementation with rOA effectively facilitated in vivo tumor growth as characterized by a high number of proliferating cells (Ki67 staining) coupled with a low number of apoptotic cells. Taken together, our results accentuate the relevance of GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding to progression of lung cancer. Thus, strategies that suppress GPNMB/OA expression on lung cancer cells as well as negate shedding of GPNMB/OA ECD protein are worthy of consideration in lung cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Noda Y, Tsuruma K, Takata M, Ishisaka M, Tanaka H, Nakano Y, Nagahara Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H. GPNMB Induces BiP Expression by Enhancing Splicing of BiP Pre-mRNA during the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12160. [PMID: 28939899 PMCID: PMC5610265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) has a neuroprotective effect against neuronal cell death caused by the accumulation of abnormal mutated proteins. It is known that the accumulation of pathological proteins induces endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress leading to cell damage. The aim of this study was to determine the role of GPNMB in the ER stress response. GPNMB was greatly up-regulated by thapsigargin-induced ER stress. Under the ER stress conditions, GPNMB relocated to the nucleus and specifically up-regulated expression of BiP at the mRNA level by promoting the BiP pre-mRNA splicing, not through the pathways initiated by the three major transducers of the unfolded protein response: IRE1, PERK, and ATF6. Furthermore, we found that the protein level of BiP and the infarction were increased and attenuated, respectively, in Gpnmb-transgenic mice after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, in comparison with wild-type mice. Thus, our findings indicate that GPNMB enhances the BiP expression by promoting the splicing (thereby preventing cell death caused by ER stress) and could be a therapeutic target in ER stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Noda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takata
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsue Ishisaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagahara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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16
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Arosarena OA, Barr EW, Thorpe R, Yankey H, Tarr JT, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:409-421. [PMID: 28295306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 60% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) die of metastases or locoregional recurrence. Metastasis is mediated by cancer cell migration and invasion, which are in part dependent on extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases. Osteoactivin (OA) overexpression plays a role in metastases in several malignancies, and has been shown to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity. To determine how OA modulates MMP expression and activity in HNSCC, and to investigate OA effects on cell invasion, we assessed effects of OA treatment on MMP mRNA and protein expression, as well as gelatinase and caseinolytic activity in HNSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of OA gene silencing on MMP expression, gelatinase and caseinolytic activity, and cell invasion. OA treatment had differential effects on MMP mRNA expression. OA treatment upregulated MMP-10 expression in UMSCC14a (p = 0.0431) and SCC15 (p < 0.0001) cells, but decreased MMP-9 expression in UMSCC14a cells (p = 0.0002). OA gene silencing decreased MMP-10 expression in UMSCC12 cells (p = 0.0001), and MMP-3 (p = 0.0005) and -9 (p = 0.0036) expression in SCC25 cells. In SCC15 and SCC25 cells, OA treatment increased MMP-2 (p = 0.0408) and MMP-9 gelatinase activity (p < 0.0001), respectively. OA depletion decreased MMP-2 (p = 0.0023) and -9 (p < 0.0001) activity in SCC25 cells. OA treatment increased 70 kDa caseinolytic activity in UMSCC12 cells consistent with tissue type plasminogen activator (p = 0.0078). OA depletion decreased invasive capacity of UMSCC12 cells (p < 0.0001). OA's effects on MMP expression in HNSCC are variable, and may promote cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Barr
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hilary Yankey
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph T Tarr
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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17
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Ma J, Baker AR, Calabro A, Derwin KA. Exploratory study on the effect of osteoactivin on muscle regeneration in a rat volumetric muscle loss model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175853. [PMID: 28426701 PMCID: PMC5398551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds causing extensive injury loss of muscle, also known as volumetric muscle loss (VML), are frequently associated with high-energy civilian trauma and combat-related extremity injuries. Currently, no effective clinical therapy is available for promoting de novo muscle tissue regeneration to restore muscle function following VML. Recent studies have shown evidence that osteoactivin (OA), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has the ability to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in response to denervation. Therefore the objective of this study is to investigate the potential regenerative effect of OA embedded and delivered via a cross-linked gelatin hydrogel within a volumetric tibialis anterior muscle defect in a rat model. After 4 weeks, however, no evidence for muscle formation was found in defects treated with either low (5 μg/ml) or high (50 μg/ml) OA. It is possible that a different delivery scaffold, delivery kinetics, or OA concentration may have yielded an alternate outcome, or it is also possible that the spaciostructural environment of VML, or the local (versus systemic) delivery of OA, simply does not support any potential regenerative activity of OA in VML. Together with prior work, this study demonstrates that an efficacious and scalable therapy for regenerating muscle volume and function in VML remains a veritable clinical challenge worthy of continued future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew R. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony Calabro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Derwin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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18
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Nagahara Y, Shimazawa M, Ohuchi K, Ito J, Takahashi H, Tsuruma K, Kakita A, Hara H. GPNMB ameliorates mutant TDP-43-induced motor neuron cell death. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1647-1665. [PMID: 27935101 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) aggregates are observed in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, but the detailed localization is still unclear. Mutations of transactive response DNA binding protein 43kDa (TDP-43) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases including ALS. In this study, we evaluated the localization of GPNMB aggregates in the spinal cord of ALS patients and the effect of GPNMB against mutant TDP-43 induced motor neuron cell death. GPNMB aggregates were not localized in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocyte and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1)-positive microglia. GPNMB aggregates were localized in the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2)-positive neuron and neurofilament H non-phosphorylated (SMI-32)-positive neuron, and these were co-localized with TDP-43 aggregates in the spinal cord of ALS patients. Mock or TDP-43 (WT, M337V, and A315T) plasmids were transfected into mouse motor neuron cells (NSC34). The expression level of GPNMB was increased by transfection of mutant TDP-43 plasmids. Recombinant GPNMB ameliorated motor neuron cell death induced by transfection of mutant TDP-43 plasmids and serum-free stress. Furthermore, the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated Akt were decreased by this stress, and these expressions were increased by recombinant GPNMB. These results indicate that GPNMB has protective effects against mutant TDP-43 stress via activating the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways, and GPNMB may be a therapeutic target for TDP-43 proteinopathy in familial and sporadic ALS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagahara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohuchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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19
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Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) promotes the progression of brain glioblastoma via Na+/K+-ATPase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Järve A, Mühlstedt S, Qadri F, Nickl B, Schulz H, Hübner N, Özcelik C, Bader M. Adverse left ventricular remodeling by glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2016; 31:556-568. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600613r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Järve
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School of Regenerative TherapiesBerlinGermany
| | - Silke Mühlstedt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IHumboldt‐University BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | - Bernadette Nickl
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Charité‐University MedicineBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)BerlinGermany
- Institute for BiologyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoactivin (OA) was first discovered in an osteopetrotic rat model using mRNA differential display a decade ago and has been studied recently. OA in bone tissue can directly or indirectly regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts by influencing cell behaviours, such as proliferation and adhesion, as well as inducing serial signal cascades, which would be of great importance in the field of tissue engineering. The results of recent studies have further demonstrated that OA plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of cells, especially in bone formation and fracture healing. Areas covered: The discovery, structure, and function of OA as well as its therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration of bone defects, kidney injury, liver damage, and muscle atrophy. Expert opinion: OA has great potential in promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues, particularly bone tissue, which is supported by a large body of data. Future studies should focus on exploring the underlying mechanism of OA as well as pursuing the ideal form of OA-related regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Huang
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bo Bai
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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22
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Mousavizadeh R, Scott A, Lu A, Ardekani GS, Behzad H, Lundgreen K, Ghaffari M, McCormack RG, Duronio V. Angiopoietin-like 4 promotes angiogenesis in the tendon and is increased in cyclically loaded tendon fibroblasts. J Physiol 2016; 594:2971-83. [PMID: 26670924 PMCID: PMC4887665 DOI: 10.1113/jp271752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) modulates tendon neovascularization. Cyclic loading stimulates the activity of transforming growth factor-β and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and thereby increases the expression and release of ANGPTL4 from human tendon cells. Targeting ANGPTL4 and its regulatory pathways is a potential avenue for regulating tendon vascularization to improve tendon healing or adaptation. ABSTRACT The mechanisms that regulate angiogenic activity in injured or mechanically loaded tendons are poorly understood. The present study examined the potential role of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in the angiogenic response of tendons subjected to repetitive mechanical loading or injury. Cyclic stretching of human tendon fibroblasts stimulated the expression and release of ANGPTL4 protein via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signalling, and the released ANGPTL4 was pro-angiogenic. Angiogenic activity was increased following ANGPTL4 injection into mouse patellar tendons, whereas the patellar tendons of ANGPTL4 knockout mice displayed reduced angiogenesis following injury. In human rotator cuff tendons, the expression of ANGPTL4 was correlated with the density of tendon endothelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing a role of ANGPTL4 in the tendon. ANGPTL4 may assist in the regulation of vascularity in the injured or mechanically loaded tendon. TGF-β and HIF-1α comprise two signalling pathways that modulate the expression of ANGPTL4 by mechanically stimulated tendon fibroblasts and, in the future, these could be manipulated to influence tendon healing or adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Mousavizadeh
- Jack Bell Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alex Scott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alex Lu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gholamreza S Ardekani
- Jack Bell Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hayedeh Behzad
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kirsten Lundgreen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- Jack Bell Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert G McCormack
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vincent Duronio
- Jack Bell Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Almeida CF, Martins PC, Vainzof M. Comparative transcriptome analysis of muscular dystrophy models Large(myd), Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd) and Dmd(mdx): what makes them different? Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1301-9. [PMID: 26932192 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of Mendelian diseases. The underlying pathophysiology and phenotypic variability in each form are much more complex, suggesting the involvement of many other genes. Thus, here we studied the whole genome expression profile in muscles from three mice models for MD, at different time points: Dmd(mdx) (mutation in dystrophin gene), Large(myd-/-) (mutation in Large) and Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd-/-) (both mutations). The identification of altered biological functions can contribute to understand diseases and to find prognostic biomarkers and points for therapeutic intervention. We identified a substantial number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each model, reflecting diseases' complexity. The main biological process affected in the three strains was immune system, accounting for the majority of enriched functional categories, followed by degeneration/regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling processes. The most notable differences were in 21-day-old Dmd(mdx), with a high proportion of DEGs related to its regenerative capacity. A higher number of positive embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) fibers confirmed this. The new Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd-/-) model did not show a highly different transcriptome from the parental lineages, with a profile closer to Large(myd-/-), but not bearing the same regenerative potential as Dmd(mdx). This is the first report about transcriptome profile of a mouse model for congenital MD and Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd). By comparing the studied profiles, we conclude that alterations in biological functions due to the dystrophic process are very similar, and that the intense regeneration in Dmd(mdx) involves a large number of activated genes, not differentially expressed in the other two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Almeida
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cm Martins
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mukai R, Matsui N, Fujikura Y, Matsumoto N, Hou DX, Kanzaki N, Shibata H, Horikawa M, Iwasa K, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T, Terao J. Preventive effect of dietary quercetin on disuse muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria in denervated mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:67-76. [PMID: 27133425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a major dietary flavonoid in fruits and vegetables. We aimed to clarify the preventive effect of dietary quercetin on disuse muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanisms. We established a mouse denervation model by cutting the sciatic nerve in the right leg (SNX surgery) to lack of mobilization in hind-limb. Preintake of a quercetin-mixed diet for 14days before SNX surgery prevented loss of muscle mass and atrophy of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM). Phosphorylation of Akt, a key phosphorylation pathway of suppression of protein degradation, was activated in the quercetin-mixed diet group with and without SNX surgery. Intake of a quercetin-mixed diet suppressed the generation of hydrogen peroxide originating from mitochondria and elevated mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α mRNA expression as well as NADH dehydrogenase 4 expression in the GM with SNX surgery. Quercetin and its conjugated metabolites reduced hydrogen peroxide production in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from atrophied muscle. In C2C12 myotubes, quercetin reached the mitochondrial fraction. These findings suggest that dietary quercetin can prevent disuse muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria in skeletal muscle tissue through protecting mitochondria from decreased biogenesis and reducing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release, which can be related to decreased hydrogen peroxide production and/or improvements on antioxidant capacity of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujikura
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Norifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-12-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-12-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences
| | - Keiko Iwasa
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Frara N, Abdelmagid SM, Tytell M, Amin M, Popoff SN, Safadi FF, Barbe MF. Growth and repair factors, osteoactivin, matrix metalloproteinase and heat shock protein 72, increase with resolution of inflammation in musculotendinous tissues in a rat model of repetitive grasping. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:34. [PMID: 26781840 PMCID: PMC4717665 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the growth factor osteoactivin (OA) increases during tissue degeneration and regeneration, fracture repair and after denervation-induced disuse atrophy, concomitant with increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, OA's expression with repetitive overuse injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) OA expression in an operant rat model of repetitive overuse; 2) expression of MMPs; 3) inflammatory cytokines indicative of injury or inflammation; and 4) the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A/HSP72) as the latter is known to increase during metabolic stress and to be involved in cellular repair. Young adult female rats performed a high repetition negligible force (HRNF) food retrieval task for up to 6 weeks and were compared to control rats. METHODS Flexor digitorum muscles and tendons were collected from 22 young adult female rats performing a HRNF reaching task for 3 to 6 weeks, and 12 food restricted control (FRC) rats. OA mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). OA, MMP-1, -2, -3, and -13 and HSP72 protein expression was assayed using Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis was used to evaluate OA and HSP72 expression. ELISA was performed for HSP72 and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Flexor digitorum muscles and tendons from 6-week HRNF rats showed increased OA mRNA and protein expression compared to FRC rats. MMP-1, -2 and -3 progressively increased in muscles whereas MMP-1 and -3 increased in tendons with HRNF task performance. HSP72 increased in 6-week HRNF muscles and tendons, compared to controls, and co-localized with OA in the myofiber sarcolemma. IL-1alpha and beta increased transiently in tendons or muscles in HRNF week 3 before resolving in week 6. CONCLUSION The simultaneous increases of OA with factors involved in tissue repair (MMPs and HSP72) supports a role of OA in tissue regeneration after repetitive overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samir M Abdelmagid
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Tytell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mamta Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kumagai K, Tabu K, Sasaki F, Takami Y, Morinaga Y, Mawatari S, Hashimoto S, Tanoue S, Kanmura S, Tamai T, Moriuchi A, Uto H, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (Gpnmb)-Positive Macrophages Contribute to the Balance between Fibrosis and Fibrolysis during the Repair of Acute Liver Injury in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143413. [PMID: 26599547 PMCID: PMC4657955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (Gpnmb), a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in macrophages, negatively regulates inflammation. We have reported that Gpnmb is strongly expressed in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. However, the role of macrophage-expressed Gpnmb in liver injury is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of infiltrating macrophages that express Gpnmb, and the involvement of Gpnmb in the repair process in response to liver injury. Methods C57BL/6J, DBA/2J [DBA] and DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ [DBA-g+] mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 1.0 mL/kg body weight. Mice were sacrificed at predetermined time points, followed by measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological examination. Expression of Gpnmb, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic/antifibrotic factors were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescent immunostaining and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression of Gpnmb, CD68, CD11b and α-SMA, phagocytic activity, and the presence of apoptotic bodies. We used quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA to examine TGF-β and MMP-13 expression and the concentrations and supernatants of isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb. Results In C57BL/6J mice, serum ALT levels increased at two days after CCl4 injection and decreased at four days. Gpnmb expression in the liver was stimulated four days after CCl4 injection. Histological examination and flow cytometry showed that Gpnmb-positive cells were almost positive for CD68-positive macrophages, contained engulfed apoptotic bodies and exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity. Isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb showed high MMP-13 secretion. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of CCl4-induced liver injury between DBA-g+ and DBA mice. However, hepatic MMP-13 expression, as well as α-SMA expression and collagen production, increased significantly in DBA-g+ compared with DBA mice. Conclusions Gpnmb-positive macrophages infiltrate the liver during the recovery phase of CCl4–induced acute liver injury and contribute to the balance between fibrosis and fibrolysis in the repair process following acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuaki Tabu
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumisato Sasaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takami
- Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Morinaga
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moriuchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Digestive and Liver diseases, Miyazaki Medical Center Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Nagahara Y, Shimazawa M, Tanaka H, Ono Y, Noda Y, Ohuchi K, Tsuruma K, Katsuno M, Sobue G, Hara H. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B ameliorates skeletal muscle lesions in a SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1552-66. [PMID: 26140698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons and subsequent muscular atrophy. The quality of life of patients with ALS is significantly improved by ameliorating muscular symptoms. We previously reported that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB; osteoactivin) might serve as a target for ALS therapy. In the present study, superoxide dismutase 1/glycine residue 93 changed to alanine (SOD1(G93A) ) transgenic mice were used as a model of ALS. Expression of the C-terminal fragment of GPNMB was increased in the skeletal muscles of SOD1(G93A) mice and patients with sporadic ALS. SOD1(G93A) /GPNMB transgenic mice were generated to determine whether GPNMB expression ameliorates muscular symptoms. The weight and cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle, number and cross-sectional area of myofibers, and denervation of neuromuscular junctions were ameliorated in SOD1(G93A) /GPNMB vs. SOD1(G93A) mice. Furthermore, direct injection of a GPNMB expression plasmid into the gastrocnemius muscle of SOD1(G93A) mice increased the numbers of myofibers and prevented myofiber atrophy. These findings suggest that GPNMB directly affects skeletal muscle and prevents muscular pathology in SOD1(G93A) mice and may therefore serve as a target for therapy of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagahara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoko Ono
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Noda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohuchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Schisandrae Fructus Supplementation Ameliorates Sciatic Neurectomy-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:872428. [PMID: 26064425 PMCID: PMC4443785 DOI: 10.1155/2015/872428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the possible beneficial skeletal muscle preserving effects of ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (EESF) on sciatic neurectomy- (NTX-) induced hindlimb muscle atrophy in mice. Here, calf muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral right sciatic NTX. In order to investigate whether administration of EESF prevents or improves sciatic NTX-induced muscle atrophy, EESF was administered orally. Our results indicated that EESF dose-dependently diminished the decreases in markers of muscle mass and activity levels, and the increases in markers of muscle damage and fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokines, and apoptotic events in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles are induced by NTX. Additionally, destruction of gastrocnemius antioxidant defense systems after NTX was dose-dependently protected by treatment with EESF. EESF also upregulated muscle-specific mRNAs involved in muscle protein synthesis but downregulated those involved in protein degradation. The overall effects of 500 mg/kg EESF were similar to those of 50 mg/kg oxymetholone, but it showed more favorable antioxidant effects. The present results suggested that EESF exerts a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by NTX, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects related to muscle fiber protective effects and via an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Kim JW, Ku SK, Han MH, Kim KY, Kim SG, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Choi YH. The administration of Fructus Schisandrae attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:29-42. [PMID: 25955031 PMCID: PMC4494578 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ethanol extracts of Fructus Schisandrae (FS), the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baillon, mitigates the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Adult SPF/VAT outbred CrljOri:CD1 (ICR) mice were either treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. Some mice were treated with various concentrations of FS or oxymetholone, a 17α-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid. Muscle thickness and weight, calf muscle strength, and serum creatine and creatine kinase (CK) levels were then measured. The administration of FS attenuated the decrease in calf thickness, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, muscle strength and weight, fiber diameter and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles which was induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with FS also prevented the dexamethasone-induced increase in serum creatine and creatine kinase levels, histopathological muscle fiber microvacuolation and fibrosis, and the immunoreactivity of muscle fibers for nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myostatin. In addition, the destruction of the gastrocnemius antioxidant defense system was also inhibited by the administration of FS in a dose-dependent manner. FS downregulated the mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (involved in muscle protein degradation), myostatin (a potent negative regulator of muscle growth) and sirtuin 1 (a representative inhibitor of muscle regeneration), but upregulated the mRNA expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt1, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, involved in muscle growth and the activation of protein synthesis. The overall effects of treatment with 500 mg/kg FS were comparable to those observed following treatment with 50 mg/kg oxymetholone. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that FS has a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone, by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on muscle fibers, which may be due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Wan Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Elmes M, Szyszka A, Pauliat C, Clifford B, Daniel Z, Cheng Z, Wathes C, McMullen S. Maternal age effects on myometrial expression of contractile proteins, uterine gene expression, and contractile activity during labor in the rat. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12305. [PMID: 25876907 PMCID: PMC4425948 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age of first time pregnant mothers is associated with prolonged and dysfunctional labor and significant risk of emergency cesarean section. We investigated the influence of maternal age on myometrial contractility, expression of contractile associated proteins (CAPs), and global gene expression in the parturient uterus. Female Wistar rats either 8 (YOUNG n = 10) or 24 (OLDER n = 10) weeks old were fed laboratory chow, mated, and killed during parturition. Myometrial strips were dissected to determine contractile activity, cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TAG) content, protein expression of connexin-43 (GJA1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and caveolin 1 (CAV-1). Maternal plasma concentrations of prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2α, and progesterone were determined by RIA. Global gene expression in uterine samples was compared using Affymetrix Genechip Gene 2.0 ST arrays and Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA). Spontaneous contractility in myometrium exhibited by YOUNG rats was threefold greater than OLDER animals (P < 0.027) but maternal age had no significant effect on myometrial CAP expression, lipid profiles, or pregnancy-related hormones. OLDER myometrium increased contractile activity in response to PGF2α, phenylephrine, and carbachol, a response absent in YOUNG rats (all P < 0.002). Microarray analysis identified that maternal age affected expression of genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, lipid transport and metabolism, steroid metabolism, tissue remodeling, and smooth muscle contraction. In conclusion YOUNG laboring rat myometrium seems primed to contract maximally, whereas activity is blunted in OLDER animals and requires stimulation to meet contractile potential. Further work investigating maternal age effects on myometrial function is required with focus on lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Elmes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alexandra Szyszka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Caroline Pauliat
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Bethan Clifford
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zoe Daniel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Royal Veterinary College, Reproduction and Development Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Claire Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Reproduction and Development Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Sarah McMullen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
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Nakao R, Yamamoto S, Horikawa K, Yasumoto Y, Nikawa T, Mukai C, Oishi K. Atypical expression of circadian clock genes in denervated mouse skeletal muscle. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:486-96. [PMID: 25798696 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.1003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus synchronizes peripheral clocks through neural and humoral signals in most mammalian tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of unilateral sciatic denervation on the expression of circadian clock- and clock-controlled genes in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice twice per day on days 0, 3, 7, 9, 11 and 14 after denervation and six times on each of days 7 and 28 after denervation to assess the regulation mechanism of the circadian clock in skeletal muscle. Sciatic denervation did not affect systemic circadian rhythms since core body temperature (Day 7), corticosterone secretion (Days 7 and 28), and hepatic clock gene expression remained intact (Days 7 and 28). Expression levels of most circadian clock-related genes such as Arntl, Per1, Rora, Nr1d1 and Dbp were reduced in accordance with the extent of muscle atrophy, although circadian Per2 expression was significantly augmented (Day 28). Cosinor analysis revealed that the circadian expression of Arntl (Days 7 and 28) and Dbp (Day 28) was phase advanced in denervated muscle. The mRNA expression of Clock was significantly increased in denervated muscle on Day 3 when the severe atrophy was absent, and it was not affected by atrophic progression for 28 days. Sciatic denervation did not affect the expression of these genes in the contralateral muscle (Days 7 and 28), suggesting that humoral changes were not involved in denervation-induced muscle clock disruption. We then analyzed genome-wide gene expression using microarrays to determine the effects of disrupting the molecular clock in muscle on circadian rhythms at Day 7. Among 478 circadian genes, 313 lost rhythmicity in the denervated muscles. These denervation-sensitive genes included the lipid metabolism-related genes, Nrip1, Bbs1, Ptgis, Acot1, Scd2, Hpgd, Insig1, Dhcr24, Ldlr and Mboat1. Our findings revealed that sciatic denervation disrupts the circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes either directly or indirectly via muscle atrophy in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice in a gene-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
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Osteoactivin attenuates skeletal muscle fibrosis after distraction osteogenesis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation/remodeling. J Pediatr Orthop B 2015; 24:162-9. [PMID: 25405936 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether osteoactivin attenuated skeletal muscle fibrosis caused by distraction osteogenesis. Tibial osteotomies were performed on wild-type and osteoactivin-transgenic (OA-Tg) mice, and tibiae were distracted for 2 weeks. Ankle plantar flexion torque and the gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed. The amount and area of collagenous tissue and the passive torque were reduced in the OA-Tg group at 8 weeks after osteotomy. Transcript levels of matrix metalloprotease (mmp)-3 and MMP-9 were upregulated, and MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins were increased in the OA-Tg group. Osteoactivin-mediated increase in MMPs may attenuate skeletal muscle fibrosis.
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Furuya M, Hong SB, Tanaka R, Kuroda N, Nagashima Y, Nagahama K, Suyama T, Yao M, Nakatani Y. Distinctive expression patterns of glycoprotein non-metastatic B and folliculin in renal tumors in patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:315-23. [PMID: 25594584 PMCID: PMC4376441 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an inherited disorder associated with a germline mutation of the folliculin gene (FLCN). The affected families have a high risk for developing multiple renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Diagnostic markers that distinguish between FLCN-related RCC and sporadic RCC have not been investigated, and many patients with undiagnosed BHD fail to receive proper medical care. We investigated the histopathology of 27 RCCs obtained from 18 BHD patients who were diagnosed by genetic testing. Possible somatic mutations of RCC lesions were investigated by DNA sequencing. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to compare the expression levels of FLCN and glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) between FLCN-related RCCs and sporadic renal tumors (n = 62). The expression of GPNMB was also evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Histopathological analysis revealed that the most frequent histological type was chromophobe RCC (n = 12), followed by hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumor (n = 6). Somatic mutation analysis revealed small intragenic mutations in six cases and loss of heterozygosity in two cases. Western blot and immunostaining analyses revealed that FLCN-related RCCs showed overexpression of GPNMB and underexpression of FLCN, whereas sporadic tumors showed inverted patterns. GPNMB mRNA in FLCN-related RCCs was 23-fold more abundant than in sporadic tumors. The distinctive expression patterns of GPNMB and FLCN might identify patients with RCCs who need further work-up for BHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Murata K, Yoshino Y, Tsuruma K, Moriguchi S, Oyagi A, Tanaka H, Ishisaka M, Shimazawa M, Fukunaga K, Hara H. The extracellular fragment of GPNMB (Glycoprotein nonmelanosoma protein B, osteoactivin) improves memory and increases hippocampal GluA1 levels in mice. J Neurochem 2015; 132:583-94. [PMID: 25545823 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmelanoma protein B (GPNMB, alias osteoactivin), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is cleaved by extracellular proteases, resulting in release of an extracellular fragment (ECF). GPNMB is widely expressed by neurons within the CNS, including the hippocampus; however, its function in the brain remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GPNMB in memory and learning by using transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing GPNMB (Tg mice on a BDF-1 background) and ECF-treated mice. In the hippocampus of both wild-type and Tg mice, GPNMB was highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Tg mice exhibited memory improvements in two types of learning tasks but were impaired in a passive-avoidance test. In Tg mice, the hippocampus displayed increased levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor subunit GluA1. Intracerebroventricular administration of ECF (50 ng) to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice also improved memory in a passive-avoidance test and increased hippocampal GluA1 levels 24 h after treatment. In Tg mice and ECF (0.25 μg/mL)-treated hippocampal slices, long-term potentiation was promoted. These findings suggest that GPNMB may be a novel target for research on higher order brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Murata
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oyagi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsue Ishisaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Din FU, Rashid R, Mustapha O, Kim DW, Park JH, Ku SK, Oh YK, Kim JO, Youn YS, Yong CS, Choi HG. Development of a novel solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded dual-reverse thermosensitive nanomicelle for intramuscular administration with sustained release and reduced toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DRTN was prepared with flurbiprofen-loaded SLNs, poloxamers and water. The suspension transformed into a hydrogel at body temperature. The rheological characterization, release, pharmacokinetics and morphology were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar ud Din
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Rehmana Rashid
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Omer Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Jong Hyuck Park
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Oriental Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyongsan 712-715
- South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy
- Yeungnam University
- Gyongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy
- Yeungnam University
- Gyongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
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Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel neuroprotective factor in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2014; 277:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Zhang Y, Hu S, Chen Y. Hepatocyte growth factor suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced XO activation in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:534-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ozawa J, Kurose T, Kawamata S, Kaneguchi A, Moriyama H, Kito N. Regulation of connective tissue remodeling in the early phase of denervation in a rat skeletal muscle. Biomed Res 2014; 34:251-8. [PMID: 24190237 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Denervation alters the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle; however, the underlying mechanisms of ECM remodeling are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the dynamic features of the ECM regulatory process in the early phase of denervated skeletal muscle in male Wistar rats. We investigated the expression of collagens (total, type I, and type III), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) together with their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs), at the mRNA and/or protein level in the soleus muscles of control animals and at days 3, 7, and 14 post-denervation. Expression of mRNA encoding collagens was decreased at days 3 and 7, and had recovered by day 14, in parallel with total collagen protein content. Content of TGF-β1 protein was elevated sequentially, up to a maximum of 158% at day 14 post-denervation (P < 0.05), as was TIMP-2 mRNA expression (272% at day 14), whereas MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression was not affected at any stage. The initial reduction of collagen mRNA may be responsible for hypoactivity caused by the disappearance of contractile function. Recovery of collagen mRNA/protein at day 14 may be due mainly to the suppressive effects of TGF-β1 on collagen degradation via TIMP-2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sondag GR, Salihoglu S, Lababidi SL, Crowder DC, Moussa FM, Abdelmagid SM, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin induces transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:955-66. [PMID: 24265122 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoactivin (OA) is a novel osteogenic factor important for osteoblast differentiation and function. Previous studies showed that OA stimulates matrix mineralization and transcription of osteoblast specific genes required for differentiation. OA plays a role in wound healing and its expression was shown to increase in post fracture calluses. OA expression was reported in muscle as OA is upregulated in cases of denervation and unloading stress. The regulatory mechanisms of OA in muscle and bone have not yet been determined. In this study, we examined whether OA plays a role in transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblast into osteoblasts. Infected C2C12 with a retroviral vector overexpressing OA under the CMV promoter were able to transdifferentiate from myoblasts into osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that skeletal muscle marker MF-20 was severely downregulated in cells overexpressing OA and contained significantly less myotubes compared to uninfected control. C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing OA showed an increase in expression of bone specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, and also showed an increase in Runx2 protein expression. We also detected increased levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing OA compared to control. Taken together, our results suggest that OA is able to induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts through increasing levels of phosphorylated FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Sondag
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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Shi F, Duan S, Cui J, Yan X, Li H, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhang L, Liu J, Xie X. Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) Expression in the Microglia by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Upregulation of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (GPNMB) Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:234-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Maric G, Rose AA, Annis MG, Siegel PM. Glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB): A metastatic mediator and emerging therapeutic target in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:839-52. [PMID: 23874106 PMCID: PMC3711880 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s44906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies are rapidly growing with respect to their clinical development and impact on cancer treatment due to their highly selective anti-tumor action. However, many aggressive cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) currently lack well-defined therapeutic targets against which such agents can be developed. The identification of tumor-associated antigens and the generation of antibody drug-conjugates represent an emerging area of intense interest and growth in the field of cancer therapeutics. Glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB) has recently been identified as a gene that is over-expressed in numerous cancers, including TNBC, and often correlates with the metastatic phenotype. In breast cancer, GPNMB expression in the tumor epithelium is associated with a reduction in disease-free and overall survival. Based on these findings, glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011), an antibody-drug conjugate that selectively targets GPNMB, is currently being investigated in clinical trials for patients with metastatic breast cancer and unresectable melanoma. This review discusses the physiological and potential pathological roles of GPNMB in normal and cancer tissues, respectively, and details the clinical advances and challenges in targeting GPNMB-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Maric
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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42
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An intracellular fragment of osteoactivin formed by ectodomain shedding translocated to the nucleoplasm and bound to RNA binding proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:2225-9. [PMID: 23221696 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteoactivin is a type I transmembrane protein upregulated by unloading stresses, including denervation, prolonged bed rest, and space flight, but the regulatory mechanisms of its expression and activation under these conditions remain undefined. Here we report that osteoactivin protein exists in two forms: an intact transmembrane form and a secreted form. The secreted form, the extracellular fragment of osteoactivin, was produced by ectodomain shedding and was released into a culture medium. Amino acid sequence analysis of the carboxy-terminal fragment of osteoactivin (OA-CTF) revealed that cleavage of osteoactivin by proteases occurred both at the cell surface and within the cell membrane. Localization analysis demonstrated translocalization of OA-CTF to the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, RNA binding proteins, which regulate pre-mRNA splicing, were identified as OA-CTF binding proteins. These results suggest that OA-CTF formed by ectodomain shedding is involved in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing.
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43
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Wang T, Ge Y, Xiao M, Lopez-Coral A, Azuma R, Somasundaram R, Zhang G, Wei Z, Xu X, Rauscher FJ, Herlyn M, Kaufman RE. Melanoma-derived conditioned media efficiently induce the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages that display a highly invasive gene signature. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:493-505. [PMID: 22498258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in melanomas is correlated with a poor clinical prognosis. However, there is limited information on the characteristics and biological activities of human TAMs in melanomas. In this study, we developed an in vitro method to differentiate human monocytes to macrophages using modified melanoma-conditioned medium (MCM). We demonstrate that factors from MCM-induced macrophages (MCMI-Mφ) express both M1-Mφ and M2-Mφ markers and inhibit melanoma-specific T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, microarray analyses reveal that the majority of genes up-regulated in MCMI-Mφ are associated with tumor invasion. The most strikingly up-regulated genes are CCL2 and MMP-9. Consistent with this, blockade of both CCL-2 and MMPs diminish MCMI-Mφ-induced melanoma invasion. Finally, we demonstrated that both MCMI-Mφ and in vivo TAMs express the pro-invasive, melanoma-associated gene, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B. Our study provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms of cross-talk between TAMs and melanoma cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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44
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Spiegel I, Adamsky K, Eisenbach M, Eshed Y, Spiegel A, Mirsky R, Scherer SS, Peles E. Identification of novel cell-adhesion molecules in peripheral nerves using a signal-sequence trap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:27-38. [PMID: 16721426 PMCID: PMC1464832 DOI: 10.1017/s1740925x0600007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of myelinated nerves in the PNS requires constant and reciprocal communication between Schwann cells and their associated axons. However, little is known about the nature of the cell-surface molecules that mediate axon-glial interactions at the onset of myelination and during maintenance of the myelin sheath in the adult. Based on the rationale that such molecules contain a signal sequence in order to be presented on the cell surface, we have employed a eukaryotic-based, signal-sequence-trap approach to identify novel secreted and membrane-bound molecules that are expressed in myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Using cDNA libraries derived from dbcAMP-stimulated primary Schwann cells and 3-day-old rat sciatic nerve mRNAs, we generated an extensive list of novel molecules expressed in myelinating nerves in the PNS. Many of the identified proteins are cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, most of which have not been described previously in Schwann cells. In addition, we have identified several signaling receptors, growth and differentiation factors, ecto-enzymes and proteins that are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi network. We further examined the expression of several of the novel molecules in Schwann cells in culture and in rat sciatic nerve by primer-specific, real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. Our results indicate that myelinating Schwann cells express a battery of novel CAMs that might mediate their interactions with the underlying axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Konstantin Adamsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Menahem Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Yael Eshed
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Adrian Spiegel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Department of Materials Science CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London UK
| | - Steven S. Scherer
- Department of Neurology The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia USA
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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45
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The potential of GPNMB as novel neuroprotective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2012; 2:573. [PMID: 22891158 PMCID: PMC3417778 DOI: 10.1038/srep00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Despite substantial research, the causes of ALS remain unclear. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) was identified as an ALS-related factor using DNA microarray analysis with mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1G93A) mice. GPNMB was greatly induced in the spinal cords of ALS patients and a mouse model as the disease progressed. It was especially expressed in motor neurons and astrocytes. In an NSC34 cell line, glycosylation of GPNMB was inhibited by interaction with SOD1G93A, increasing motor neuron vulnerability, whereas extracellular fragments of GPNMB secreted from activated astrocytes attenuated the neurotoxicity of SOD1G93A in neural cells. Furthermore, GPNMB expression was substantial in the sera of sporadic ALS patients than that of other diseased patients. This study suggests that GPNMB can be a target for therapeutic intervention for suppressing motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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46
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Comprehensive characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta and fetal membrane and their response to osteoactivin stimulation. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:658356. [PMID: 22701494 PMCID: PMC3373208 DOI: 10.1155/2012/658356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising seed cells for cell therapy and can be isolated from various sources of human adult tissues such as bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue. However, cells from these tissues must be obtained through invasive procedures. We, therefore, characterized MSCs isolated from fresh placenta (Pl-MSC) and fetal membrane (Mb-MSC) through morphological and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). MSC frequency is higher in membrane than placenta (2.14% ± 0.65 versus 15.67% ± 0.29%). Pl/Mb-MSCs in vitro expansion potential was significantly higher than BM-MSCs. We demonstrated that one of the MSC-specific marker is sufficient for MSC isolation and that culture in specific media is the optimal way for selecting very homogenous MSC population. These MSCs could be differentiated into mesodermal cells expressing cell markers and cytologic staining consistent with mature osteoblasts and adipocytes. Transcriptomic analysis and cytokine arrays demonstrated broad similarity between placenta- and membrane-derived MSCs and only discrete differences with BM-MSCs with enrichment of networks involved in bone differentiation. Pl/Mb-MSCs displayed higher osteogenic differentiation potential than BM-MSC when their response to osteoactivin was evaluated. Fetal-tissue-derived mesenchymal cells may, therefore, be considered as a major source of MSCs to reach clinical scale banking in particular for bone regeneration.
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Sheng MHC, Wergedal JE, Mohan S, Amoui M, Baylink DJ, Lau KHW. Targeted overexpression of osteoactivin in cells of osteoclastic lineage promotes osteoclastic resorption and bone loss in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35280. [PMID: 22536365 PMCID: PMC3335057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to test whether targeted overexpression of osteoactivin (OA) in cells of osteoclastic lineage, using the tartrate-resistant acid phosphase (TRAP) exon 1B/C promoter to drive OA expression, would increase bone resorption and bone loss in vivo. OA transgenic osteoclasts showed ∼2-fold increases in OA mRNA and proteins compared wild-type (WT) osteoclasts. However, the OA expression in transgenic osteoblasts was not different. At 4, 8, and 15.3 week-old, transgenic mice showed significant bone loss determined by pQCT and confirmed by μ-CT. In vitro, transgenic osteoclasts were twice as large, had twice as much TRAP activity, resorbed twice as much bone matrix, and expressed twice as much osteoclastic genes (MMP9, calciton receptor, and ADAM12), as WT osteoclasts. The siRNA-mediated suppression of OA expression in RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts reduced cell size and osteoclastic gene expression. Bone histomorphometry revealed that transgenic mice had more osteoclasts and osteoclast surface. Plasma c-telopeptide (a resorption biomarker) measurements confirmed an increase in bone resorption in transgenic mice in vivo. In contrast, histomorphometric bone formation parameters and plasma levels of bone formation biomarkers (osteocalcin and pro-collagen type I N-terminal peptide) were not different between transgenic mice and WT littermates, indicating the lack of bone formation effects. In conclusion, this study provides compelling in vivo evidence that osteoclast-derived OA is a novel stimulator of osteoclast activity and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda H-C Sheng
- Regenerative Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America.
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48
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Huang JJ, Ma WJ, Yokoyama S. Expression and immunolocalization of Gpnmb, a glioma-associated glycoprotein, in normal and inflamed central nervous systems of adult rats. Brain Behav 2012; 2:85-96. [PMID: 22574278 PMCID: PMC3345354 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (Gpnmb) is a type I transmembrane protein implicated in cell differentiation, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. Gpnmb, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma cells, is a potential therapeutic target. However, little is known about its expression, cellular localization, and roles in non-tumorous neural tissues. In this study, we examined Gpnmb expression in the central nervous system of adult rats under both normal and inflammatory conditions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Gpnmb mRNA was expressed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord of normal adult rats. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that Gpnmb-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in the parenchyma of all brain regions examined, with the cells being most prevalent in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, cerebellar cortex, spinal dorsal horn, choroid plexus, ependyma, periventricular regions, and in layers II and III of the cerebral cortex. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that these cells were co-stained most frequently with the microglia/macrophage marker OX42, and occasionally with the radial glia marker RC2 or the neuronal marker NeuN. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide increased the number of Gpnmb and OX42 double-positive cells in the area postrema, which is one of the circumventricular organs, indicating infiltration of hematogenous macrophages. These results suggest that Gpnmb, which is expressed in microglia and macrophages in non-tumorous neural tissues, plays an important role in the regulation of immune/inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Kohno S, Yamashita Y, Abe T, Hirasaka K, Oarada M, Ohno A, Teshima-Kondo S, Higashibata A, Choi I, Mills EM, Okumura Y, Terao J, Nikawa T. Unloading stress disturbs muscle regeneration through perturbed recruitment and function of macrophages. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1773-82. [PMID: 22383511 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00103.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most sensitive tissues to mechanical loading, and unloading inhibits the regeneration potential of skeletal muscle after injury. This study was designed to elucidate the specific effects of unloading stress on the function of immunocytes during muscle regeneration after injury. We examined immunocyte infiltration and muscle regeneration in cardiotoxin (CTX)-injected soleus muscles of tail-suspended (TS) mice. In CTX-injected TS mice, the cross-sectional area of regenerating myofibers was smaller than that of weight-bearing (WB) mice, indicating that unloading delays muscle regeneration following CTX-induced skeletal muscle damage. Delayed infiltration of macrophages into the injured skeletal muscle was observed in CTX-injected TS mice. Neutrophils and macrophages in CTX-injected TS muscle were presented over a longer period at the injury sites compared with those in CTX-injected WB muscle. Disturbance of activation and differentiation of satellite cells was also observed in CTX-injected TS mice. Further analysis showed that the macrophages in soleus muscles were mainly Ly-6C-positive proinflammatory macrophages, with high expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, indicating that unloading causes preferential accumulation and persistence of proinflammatory macrophages in the injured muscle. The phagocytic and myotube formation properties of macrophages from CTX-injected TS skeletal muscle were suppressed compared with those from CTX-injected WB skeletal muscle. We concluded that the disturbed muscle regeneration under unloading is due to impaired macrophage function, inhibition of satellite cell activation, and their cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kohno
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Urso ML, Wang R, Zambraski EJ, Liang BT. Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation reduces muscle injury following physical trauma and is associated with alterations in the MMP/TIMP response. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:658-70. [PMID: 22114177 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00809.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that in response to traumatic injury in skeletal muscle, there is a dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), a response hypothesized to interfere with proper skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, we have shown that pharmacological activation of the adenosine A(3) receptor by Cl-IBMECA in skeletal muscle can protect against ischemia-reperfusion and eccentric exercise injury. However, the mechanism by which Cl-IBMECA protects muscle tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated the effects of Cl-IBMECA on MMP/TIMP expression in skeletal muscle and tested the hypothesis that adenosine A(3) receptor-stimulated protection of skeletal muscle following traumatic injury is associated with a blunting of MMPs involved in inflammatory processes and collagen degradation, and an increase in MMPs associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were injected with Cl-IBMECA (n = 30) or a vehicle (n = 30), and Evans blue dye. Injury was induced by applying a cold steel probe (-79°C) to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 10 s. TA muscles from uninjured and injured legs were collected 3, 10, and 24 h postinjury for analysis of muscle injury and MMP/TIMP mRNA and protein levels. Twenty-four hours postinjury, 56.8% of the fibers were damaged in vehicle-treated mice vs. 35.4% in Cl-IBMECA-treated mice (P = 0.02). Cl-IBMECA treatment reduced membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression 2- to 20-fold compared with vehicle-treated mice (P < 0.05). Cl-IBMECA decreased protein levels of latent/shed MT1-MMP 23-2,000%, respectively, 3-10 h postinjury. In Cl-IBMECA-treated mice, latent MMP-2 was decreased 20% 3 h postinjury, active MMP-3 was decreased 64% 3 h postinjury, and latent/active MMP-9 was decreased 417,631% 3 h postinjury and 20% 10 h postinjury. Protein levels of active MMP-2 and latent MMP-3 were increased 25% and 74% 3 h postinjury, respectively. The present study elucidates a new protective role of adenosine A(3) receptor stimulation in posttraumatic skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Urso
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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