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Li Z, Wang W, Li W, Duan H, Xu C, Tian X, Ning F, Zhang D. Co-methylation analyses identify CpGs associated with lipid traits in Chinese discordant monozygotic twins. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:583-593. [PMID: 38142287 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To control genetic background and early life milieu in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis for blood lipids, we recruited Chinese discordant monozygotic twins to explore the relationships between DNA methylations and total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). 132 monozygotic (MZ) twins were included with discordant lipid levels and completed data. A linear mixed model was conducted in Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS). Generalized estimating equation model was for gene expression analysis. We conducted Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to build co-methylated interconnected network. Additional Qingdao citizens were recruited for validation. Inference about Causation through Examination of Familial Confounding (ICE FALCON) was used to infer the possible direction of these relationships. A total of 476 top CpGs reached suggestively significant level (P < 10-4), of which, 192 CpGs were significantly associated with TG (FDR < 0.05). They were used to build interconnected network and highlight crucial genes from WGCNA. Finally, four CpGs in GATA4 were validated as risk factors for TC; six CpGs at ITFG2-AS1 were negatively associated with TG; two CpGs in PLXND1 played protective roles in HDL-C. ICE FALCON indicated abnormal TC was regarded as the consequence of DNA methylation in CpGs at GATA4, rather than vice versa. Four CpGs in ITFG2-AS1 were both causes and consequences of modified TG levels. Our results indicated that DNA methylation levels of 12 CpGs in GATA4, ITFG2-AS1, and PLXND1 were relevant to TC, TG, and HDL-C, respectively, which might provide new epigenetic insights into potential clinical treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 B, st. tv. Odense C DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ning
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Calderon RM, Golczak M, Paik J, Blaner WS. Dietary Vitamin A Affects the Function of Incretin-Producing Enteroendocrine Cells in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2023; 153:2901-2914. [PMID: 37648113 PMCID: PMC10613727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) is an intracellular carrier for vitamin A in the absorptive enterocytes. Mice lacking RBP2 (Rbp2-/-) display an unexpected phenotype of obesity, glucose intolerance, and elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels. GIP and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are incretin hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EECs). We recently demonstrated the presence of RBP2 and other retinoid-related proteins in EECs. OBJECTIVES Given RBP2's role in intracellular retinoid trafficking, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary vitamin A affects incretin-secreting cell function and gene expression. METHODS Male Rbp2-/- mice and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 6-9) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 wk containing normal (VAN, 4000 IU/kg of diet) or low (VAL, 25% of normal) vitamin A concentrations. Body weight was recorded biweekly. Plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels were obtained fasting and 30 min after an oral fat gavage at week 16. Glucose tolerance tests were also performed. Mice were killed at week 18, and blood and tissue samples were obtained. RESULTS Rbp2-/- mice displayed greater weight gain on the VAN compared with the VAL diet from week 7 of the intervention (P ≤ 0.01). Stimulated GIP levels were elevated in Rbp2-/- mice compared with their controls fed the VAN diet (P = 0.02), whereas their GIP response was lower when fed the VAL diet (P = 0.03). Although no differences in GLP-1 levels were observed in the VAN diet group, a lower GLP-1 response was seen in Rbp2-/- mice fed the VAL diet (P = 0.02). Changes in incretin gene expression and that of other genes associated with EEC lineage and function were consistent with these observations. Circulating and hepatic retinoid levels revealed no systemic vitamin A deficiency across dietary groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for RBP2 and dietary vitamin A in incretin secretion and gene expression in mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Data Analysis for Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Subjects with Diabetes and Obesity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020309. [PMID: 36837510 PMCID: PMC9967176 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A subject with diabetes and obesity is a class of the metabolic disorder. The current investigation aimed to elucidate the potential biomarker and prognostic targets in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Materials and Methods: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of GSE132831 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was conducted with ToppGene. The protein-protein interactions network, module analysis, target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, hub genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A total of 872 DEGs, including 439 up-regulated genes and 433 down-regulated genes were observed. Results: Second, functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the axon guidance, neutrophil degranulation, plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization and cell activation. The top ten hub genes (MYH9, FLNA, DCTN1, CLTC, ERBB2, TCF4, VIM, LRRK2, IFI16 and CAV1) could be utilized as potential diagnostic indicators for subjects with diabetes and obesity. The hub genes were validated in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Conclusion: This investigation found effective and reliable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis, suggesting new and key therapeutic targets for subjects with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga 577501, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9480073398
| | - Shivakumar Kotrashetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Bideyan L, López Rodríguez M, Priest C, Kennelly JP, Gao Y, Ferrari A, Rajbhandari P, Feng AC, Tevosian SG, Smale ST, Tontonoz P. Hepatic GATA4 regulates cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis in collaboration with LXRs. Genes Dev 2022; 36:1129-1144. [PMID: 36522129 PMCID: PMC9851399 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350145.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcription factor known for its crucial role in the development of many tissues, including the liver; however, its role in adult liver metabolism is unknown. Here, using high-throughput sequencing technologies, we identified GATA4 as a transcriptional regulator of metabolism in the liver. GATA4 expression is elevated in response to refeeding, and its occupancy is increased at enhancers of genes linked to fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism. Knocking out GATA4 in the adult liver (Gata4LKO) decreased transcriptional activity at GATA4 binding sites, especially during feeding. Gata4LKO mice have reduced plasma HDL cholesterol and increased liver triglyceride levels. The expression of a panel of GATA4 binding genes involved in hepatic cholesterol export and triglyceride hydrolysis was down-regulated in Gata4LKO mice. We further demonstrate that GATA4 collaborates with LXR nuclear receptors in the liver. GATA4 and LXRs share a number of binding sites, and GATA4 was required for the full transcriptional response to LXR activation. Collectively, these results show that hepatic GATA4 contributes to the transcriptional control of hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bideyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maykel López Rodríguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christina Priest
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John P Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sergei G Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Osteoblast Factor Growth Differentiation Factor 10 as Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Associated with Plaque Rupture in Human Carotid Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031796. [PMID: 35163719 PMCID: PMC8836240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a complex phenotypic switch in response to atherosclerosis environmental triggers, contributing to atherosclerosis disease progression. However, the complex heterogeneity of VSMCs and how VSMC dedifferentiation affects human carotid artery disease (CAD) risk has not been clearly established. (2) Method: A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45− cells derived from the atherosclerotic aorta of Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice on a normal cholesterol diet (NCD) or a high cholesterol diet (HCD), respecting the site-specific predisposition to atherosclerosis was performed. Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10) role in VSMCs phenotypic switch was investigated via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence in human atherosclerotic plaques. (3) Results: scRNAseq analysis revealed the transcriptomic profile of seven clusters, five of which showed disease-relevant gene signature of VSMC macrophagic calcific phenotype, VSMC mesenchymal chondrogenic phenotype, VSMC inflammatory and fibro-phenotype and VSMC inflammatory phenotype. Osteoblast factor GDF10 involved in ossification and osteoblast differentiation emerged as a hallmark of VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switch. Under hypercholesteremia, GDF10 triggered VSMC osteogenic switch in vitro. The abundance of GDF10 expressing osteogenic-like VSMCs cells was linked to the occurrence of carotid artery disease (CAD) events. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence about GDF10-mediated VSMC osteogenic switch, with a likely detrimental role in atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Goupille O, Kadri Z, Langelé A, Luccantoni S, Badoual C, Leboulch P, Chrétien S. The integrity of the FOG-2 LXCXE pRb-binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1074-1089. [PMID: 31012180 DOI: 10.1113/ep087369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do Fog2Rb- / Rb- mice present a defect of small intestine homeostasis? What is the main finding and its importance? The importance of interactions between FOG-2 and pRb in adipose tissue physiology has previously been demonstrated. Here it is shown that this interaction is also intrinsic to small intestine homeostasis and exerts extrinsic control over mouse metabolism. Thus, this association is involved in maintaining small intestine morphology, and regulating crypt proliferation and lineage differentiation. It therefore affects mouse growth and adaptation to a high-fat diet. ABSTRACT GATA transcription factors and their FOG cofactors play a key role in tissue-specific development and differentiation, from worms to humans. We have shown that GATA-1 and FOG-2 contain an LXCXE pRb-binding motif. Interactions between retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and GATA-1 are crucial for erythroid proliferation and differentiation, whereas the LXCXE pRb-binding site of FOG-2 is involved in adipogenesis. Fog2-knock-in mice have defective pRb binding and are resistant to obesity, due to efficient white-into-brown fat conversion. Our aim was to investigate the pathophysiological impact of FOG-2-pRb interaction on the small intestine and mouse growth. Histological analysis of the small intestine revealed architectural changes in Fog2Rb- / Rb- mice, including villus shortening, with crypt expansion and a change in muscularis propria thickness. These differences were more marked in the proximo-distal part of the small intestine and were associated with an increase in crypt cell proliferation and disruption of the goblet and Paneth cell lineage. The small intestine of the mutants was unable to adapt to a high-fat diet, and had significantly lower plasma lipid levels on such a diet. Fog2Rb- / Rb- mice displayed higher levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide release, and lower levels of insulin-like growth factor I release on a regular diet. Their intestinal lipid absorption was impaired, resulting in restricted weight gain. In addition to the intrinsic effects of the mutation on adipose tissue, we show here an extrinsic relationship between the intestine and the effect of FOG-2 mutation on mouse metabolism. In conclusion, the interaction of FOG-2 with pRb coordinates the crypt-villus axis and controls small intestine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Goupille
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR E007, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Zahra Kadri
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR E007, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Amandine Langelé
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR E007, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sophie Luccantoni
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, G. Pompidou European Hospital APHP - Université Paris, Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR E007, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stany Chrétien
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR E007, Institute of Biology François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
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Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
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Liao Y, Zou X, Wang C, Zhao X. Insect tea extract attenuates CCl 4-induced hepatic damage through its antioxidant capacities in ICR mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:581-587. [PMID: 30263309 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insect tea extract (ITE) contained many polyphenols, the aim of the present study was to determine the preventive effects of ITE on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in mice. ITE treated mice could reduce hepatic injury compared to the control mice. The 200 mg/kg ITE increased TC, ALB, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px serum levels, and decreased ALT, AST, ALP, TG, BUN, NO, MDA levels compared to the control group. By histological observation, ITE reduced injury to hepatic cells, and these effects were close to that seen with the drug silymarin. The antioxidant related mRNA and protein expressions of Mn SOD, Gu/Zn SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px increased with ITE treatment in hepatic damage mice. ITE treated mice also showed higher IκB-α mRNA and protein expression, and lower NF-κB-p65, iNOS, COX-2 expressions than those of control mice. These results proved ITE has a prophylactic effect in protecting against hepatic injury through the antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700 China
| | - Xiaochuan Zou
- 2Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,3Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,4Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,5Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China
| | - Cun Wang
- 2Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,3Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,4Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,5Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- 2Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,3Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,4Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China.,5Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067 China
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9
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Out C, Patankar JV, Doktorova M, Boesjes M, Bos T, de Boer S, Havinga R, Wolters H, Boverhof R, van Dijk TH, Smoczek A, Bleich A, Sachdev V, Kratky D, Kuipers F, Verkade HJ, Groen AK. Gut microbiota inhibit Asbt-dependent intestinal bile acid reabsorption via Gata4. J Hepatol 2015; 63:697-704. [PMID: 26022694 PMCID: PMC5293168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regulation of bile acid homeostasis in mammals is a complex process regulated via extensive cross-talk between liver, intestine and intestinal microbiota. Here we studied the effects of gut microbiota on bile acid homeostasis in mice. METHODS Bile acid homeostasis was assessed in four mouse models. Germfree mice, conventionally-raised mice, Asbt-KO mice and intestinal-specific Gata4-iKO mice were treated with antibiotics (bacitracin, neomycin and vancomycin; 100 mg/kg) for five days and subsequently compared with untreated mice. RESULTS Attenuation of the bacterial flora by antibiotics strongly reduced fecal excretion and synthesis of bile acids, but increased the expression of the bile acid synthesis enzyme CYP7A1. Similar effects were seen in germfree mice. Intestinal bile acid absorption was increased and accompanied by increases in plasma bile acid levels, biliary bile acid secretion and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids. In the absence of microbiota, the expression of the intestinal bile salt transporter Asbt was strongly increased in the ileum and was also expressed in more proximal parts of the small intestine. Most of the effects of antibiotic treatment on bile acid homeostasis could be prevented by genetic inactivation of either Asbt or the transcription factor Gata4. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of gut microbiota alters Gata4-controlled expression of Asbt, increasing absorption and decreasing synthesis of bile acids. Our data support the concept that under physiological conditions microbiota stimulate Gata4, which suppresses Asbt expression, limiting the expression of this transporter to the terminal ileum. Our studies expand current knowledge on the bacterial control of bile acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Out
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jay V. Patankar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcela Doktorova
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Boesjes
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanna de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Boverhof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Smoczek
- Zentrales Tierlaboratorium und Institut für Versuchstierkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Zentrales Tierlaboratorium und Institut für Versuchstierkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vinay Sachdev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author. Address: Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 50 3613156. (A.K. Groen)
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Patankar JV, Sachdev V, Obrowsky S, Levak-Frank S, Kratky D. Intestinal GATA4 deficiency induces proximal fibroblast growth factor 15 expression and represses hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1147-9. [PMID: 23850878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay V Patankar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Intestinal GATA4 deficiency protects from diet-induced hepatic steatosis. J Hepatol 2012; 57:1061-8. [PMID: 22750465 PMCID: PMC3477492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS GATA4, a zinc finger domain transcription factor, is critical for jejunal identity. Mice with an intestine-specific GATA4 deficiency (GATA4iKO) are resistant to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Although they have decreased intestinal lipid absorption, hepatic de novo lipogenesis is inhibited. Here, we investigated dietary lipid-dependent and independent effects on the development of steatosis and fibrosis in GATA4iKO mice. METHODS GATA4iKO and control mice were fed a Western-type diet (WTD) or a methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) for 20 and 3 weeks, respectively. Functional effects of GATA4iKO on diet-induced liver steatosis were investigated. RESULTS WTD-but not MCDD-fed GATA4iKO mice showed lower hepatic concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species and had reduced expression of lipogenic as well as fibrotic genes compared with controls. Reduced nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c protein levels were accompanied by lower lipogenic gene expression. Oil red O and Sirius Red staining of liver sections confirmed the observed reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an increased number of jejunal glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) positive cells in GATA4iKO mice. Consequently, we found enhanced phosphorylation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong indications for a protective effect of intestinal GATA4 deficiency on the development of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis via GLP-1, thereby blocking hepatic de novo lipogenesis.
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Key Words
- dnl, de novo lipogenesis
- tg, triglycerides
- nafld, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- wtd, western-type diet
- acc, acetyl-coa carboxylase alpha
- mcdd, methionine and choline-deficient diet
- glp-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- iis, ileal interposition surgery
- gata4iko, intestine-specific gata4 deficiency
- alt, alanine aminotransferase
- ast, aspartate transaminase
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- ffa, free fatty acids
- tbars, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- p, phosphorylated
- p38, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
- pparg, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- α-sma, alpha-smooth muscle actin
- srebp-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- hsc, hepatic stellate cells
- gata4
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- glp-1
- ileal interposition surgery
- de novo lipogenesis
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Cholesteryl ester accumulation and accelerated cholesterol absorption in intestine-specific hormone sensitive lipase-null mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1406-14. [PMID: 22842588 PMCID: PMC3459056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) regulates the hydrolysis of acylglycerols and cholesteryl esters (CE) in various cells and organs, including enterocytes of the small intestine. The physiological role of this enzyme in enterocytes, however, stayed elusive. In the present study we generated mice lacking HSL exclusively in the small intestine (HSLiKO) to investigate the impact of HSL deficiency on intestinal lipid metabolism and the consequences on whole body lipid homeostasis. Chow diet-fed HSLiKO mice showed unchanged plasma lipid concentrations. In addition, feeding with high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC) diet led to unaltered triglyceride but increased plasma cholesterol concentrations and CE accumulation in the small intestine. The same effect was observed after an acute cholesterol load. Gavaging of radioactively labeled cholesterol resulted in increased abundance of radioactivity in plasma, liver and small intestine of HSLiKO mice 4 h post-gavaging. However, cholesterol absorption determined by the fecal dual-isotope ratio method revealed no significant difference, suggesting that HSLiKO mice take up the same amount of cholesterol but in an accelerated manner. mRNA expression levels of genes involved in intestinal cholesterol transport and esterification were unchanged but we observed downregulation of HMG-CoA reductase and synthase and consequently less intestinal cholesterol biosynthesis. Taken together our study demonstrates that the lack of intestinal HSL leads to CE accumulation in the small intestine, accelerated cholesterol absorption and decreased cholesterol biosynthesis, indicating that HSL plays an important role in intestinal cholesterol homeostasis.
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Lamina C, Coassin S, Illig T, Kronenberg F. Look beyond one's own nose: combination of information from publicly available sources reveals an association of GATA4 polymorphisms with plasma triglycerides. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:698-703. [PMID: 21945496 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GATA4iKO mice exhibit impeded triglyceride absorption from intestine and decreased plasma triglyceride levels. Data in humans are lacking. We hypothesized that triglyceride levels might also be regulated by polymorphisms in the GATA4 gene in humans. We used publicly available data from different sources to evaluate this hypothesis. Our approach is a more often applicable advance to uncover associations and their functional implications which would have been otherwise missed by standard genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS We used the publicly available GWAS results from 137 SNPs in the GATA4 region for triglyceride levels. We embedded these results into the comprehensive functional genomics data provided in the UCSC Genome Browser including among others information on regulatory elements and interspecies conservation. A concise graphical presentation is proposed together with an R function for automatic data preparation. This process is presented in an educational manner using a screencast to become most useful for other researchers. RESULTS We observed several polymorphisms in and around the GATA4 gene which have a significant influence on plasma triglyceride levels with the lowest p-value at SNP rs1466785 (Bonferroni-corrected p-value = 1.76e-5). The bioinformatic evaluation of this locus in publicly available functional genomics data provided converging evidence for the presence of a transcriptional regulator downstream of GATA4. CONCLUSION The combination of different sources of data has revealed an association of GATA4 with triglyceride levels in humans. Our evaluation exemplifies how an integrative analysis including both statistical and biological perspectives can shed new light on available association data and reveals novel candidate genes, which are otherwise hidden in the noisy region below genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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