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Stafeev I, Agareva M, Michurina S, Tomilova A, Shestakova E, Zubkova E, Sineokaya M, Ratner E, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y, Shestakova M. Semaglutide 6-months therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus restores adipose progenitors potential to develop metabolically active adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176476. [PMID: 38493915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to population mortality growth. Today glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are one of the most promising glucose-lowered drugs with anorexigenic and cardioprotective effects. The present study aims to determine the effects of GLP-1 RA semaglutide 6-month therapy on T2DM patient metabolic parameters and adipose progenitor cell health. METHODS T2DM patients (N = 8) underwent clinical characterization and subcutaneous fat biopsy at start point and after semaglutide 6-month therapy. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were isolated by enzymatic method. Cell proliferation analysis was performed by MTT and immunocytochemistry. White and beige adipogenesis was analyzed by BODIPY493/503 staining and confocal microscopy. Adipocyte's metabolic properties were estimated by 3H- and 14C-based metabolic assays. Thermogenesis analysis was performed by ERthermAC staining and confocal microscopy. Protein markers were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Semaglutide 6-month therapy demonstrated significant anorexigenic and glucose-lowering effects. However, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR and M-index) was unchanged after therapy. Semaglutide 6-month therapy increased ADSC proliferation and white and beige adipogenesis. Moreover, lipid droplets fragmentation was observed in beige adipocytes. Both white and beige adipocytes after semaglutide therapy demonstrated 2-3 fold growth of glucose uptake without changes in insulin sensitivity. Newly formed white adipocytes demonstrated glucose utilization for active ATP synthesis, whereas beige adipocytes for canonical thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed that semaglutide 6-month therapy has not only systemic anorexigenic effects, but can markedly improve adipose tissue health. We have demonstrated critical restoration of ADSC renewal functions, which potentially can be involved in semaglutide based weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Agareva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Tomilova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Zubkova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Sineokaya
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ratner
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Shestakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292, Moscow, Russia
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Ponsuksili S, Siengdee P, Li S, Kriangwanich W, Oster M, Reyer H, Wimmers K. Effect of metabolically divergent pig breeds and tissues on mesenchymal stem cell expression patterns during adipogenesis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:407. [PMID: 38664635 PMCID: PMC11044395 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unraveling the intricate and tightly regulated process of adipogenesis, involving coordinated activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is essential for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders. The molecular pathways recruited by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during adipogenesis are also dependent on the different sources of the cells and genetic backgrounds of donors, which contribute to the functional heterogeneity of the stem cells and consequently affect the developmental features and fate of the cells. METHODS In this study, the alteration of transcripts during differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) derived from fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovial tissue (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance (German Landrace (DL)) and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)) was investigated. SMSCs from both tissues and breeds were stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and sampled at four time points (day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 14) to obtain transcriptomic data. RESULTS We observed numerous signaling pathways related to the cell cycle, cell division, cell migration, or cell proliferation during early stages of adipogenesis. As the differentiation process progresses, cells begin to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets and changes in gene expression patterns in particular of adipocyte-specific markers occur. PI3K-Akt signaling and metabolic pathways changed most during adipogenesis, while p53 signaling and ferroptosis were affected late in adipogenesis. When comparing MSCs from FS and FP, only a limited number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched signaling pathways were identified. Metabolic pathways, including fat, energy or amino acid metabolism, were highly enriched in the AS breed SMSCs compared to those of the DL breed, especially at day 7 of adipogenesis, suggesting retention of the characteristic metabolic features of their original source, demonstrating donor memory in culture. In contrast, the DL SMSCs were more enriched in immune signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study has provided important insights into the dynamics of adipogenesis and revealed metabolic shifts in SMSCs associated with different cell sources and genetic backgrounds of donors. This emphasises the critical role of metabolic and genetic factors as important indications and criteria for donor stem cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shuaichen Li
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Wannapimol Kriangwanich
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50100, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Michael Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Liu H, Xiao H, Lin S, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Xie B, Xu D. Effect of gut hormones on bone metabolism and their possible mechanisms in the treatment of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372399. [PMID: 38725663 PMCID: PMC11079205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic organ that changes with the daily circadian rhythm. During the day, bone resorption is suppressed due to eating, while it increases at night. This circadian rhythm of the skeleton is regulated by gut hormones. Until now, gut hormones that have been found to affect skeletal homeostasis include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY), which exerts its effects by binding to its cognate receptors (GLP-1R, GLP-2R, GIPR, and Y1R). Several studies have shown that GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP all inhibit bone resorption, while GIP also promotes bone formation. Notably, PYY has a strong bone resorption-promoting effect. In addition, gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review outlines the roles of GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and PYY in bone metabolism and discusses the roles of gut hormones and the GM in regulating bone homeostasis and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yizhao Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Tu SM, Chen JZ, Singh SR, Maraboyina S, Gokden N, Hsu PC, Langford T. Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cellular Metabolism and Anti-Cancer Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38339375 PMCID: PMC10854810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Otto Warburg may be right about the role of glycolysis versus OXPHOS in cancer metabolism, it remains unclear whether an altered metabolism is causative or correlative and is the main driver or a mere passenger in the pathogenesis of cancer. Currently, most of our successful treatments are designed to eliminate non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) such as differentiated cancer cells. When the treatments also happen to control CSCs or the stem-ness niche, it is often unintended, unexpected, or undetected for lack of a pertinent theory about the origin of cancer that clarifies whether cancer is a metabolic, genetic, or stem cell disease. Perhaps cellular context matters. After all, metabolic activity may be different in different cell types and their respective microenvironments-whether it is in a normal progenitor stem cell vs. progeny differentiated cell and whether it is in a malignant CSC vs. non-CSC. In this perspective, we re-examine different types of cellular metabolism, e.g., glycolytic vs. mitochondrial, of glucose, glutamine, arginine, and fatty acids in CSCs and non-CSCs. We revisit the Warburg effect, an obesity epidemic, the aspartame story, and a ketogenic diet. We propose that a pertinent scientific theory about the origin of cancer and of cancer metabolism influences the direction of cancer research as well as the design of drug versus therapy development in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jim Z. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sunny R. Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Prasad TN, Arjunan D, Pal R, Bhadada SK. Diabetes and Osteoporosis. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:209-217. [PMID: 38107797 PMCID: PMC10721588 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone fragility is an emerging complication of diabetes. People with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of fractures compared to the general population. Bone fragility occurs in diabetes as a result of complex and poorly understood mechanisms occurring at the cellular level contributed by vascular, inflammatory and mechanical derangements. Bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by DEXA is low in type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes has a high risk of fracture despite a normal to raised BMD. DEXA thus underestimates the fracture risk in diabetes. Data are scare regarding the efficacy of the available therapies in this low bone turnover state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Durairaj Arjunan
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Xing B, Yu J, Zhang H, Li Y. RANKL inhibition: a new target of treating diabetes mellitus? Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2023; 14:20420188231170754. [PMID: 37223831 PMCID: PMC10201162 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231170754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates the link between glucose and bone metabolism. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)/the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis is an essential signaling axis maintaining the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. In recent years, it has been found that RANKL and RANK are distributed not only in bone but also in the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, and other tissues that may influence glucose metabolism. Some scholars have suggested that the blockage of the RANKL signaling may protect islet β-cell function and prevent diabetes; simultaneously, there also exist different views that RANKL can improve insulin resistance through inducing the beige adipocyte differentiation and increase energy expenditure. Currently, the results of the regulatory effect on glucose metabolism of RANKL remain conflicting. Denosumab (Dmab), a fully human monoclonal antibody that can bind to RANKL and prevent osteoclast formation, is a commonly used antiosteoporosis drug. Recent basic studies have found that Dmab seems to regulate glucose homeostasis and β-cell function in humanized mice or in vitro human β-cell models. Besides, some clinical data have also reported the glucometabolic effects of Dmab, however, with limited and inconsistent results. This review mainly describes the impact of the RANKL signaling pathway on glucose metabolism and summarizes clinical evidence that links Dmab and DM to seek a new therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodi Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of
Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Center,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of
Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Center,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory
of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus),
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1
Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory
of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus),
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1
Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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Muschitz C, Kautzky-Willer A, Winhofer Y, Rauner M, Haschka J, Cejka D, Wakolbinger-Habel R, Pietschmann P. [Diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes and co-existing osteoporosis (Update 2023) : Common guideline of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Austrian Diabetes Society]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:207-224. [PMID: 37101043 PMCID: PMC10133052 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures are increasingly recognized as a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with fracture risk that increases with disease duration and poor glycemic control. The identification and management of fracture risk in these patients remains challenging. This manuscript explores the clinical characteristics of bone fragility in adults with diabetes and highlights recent studies that have evaluated areal bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and material properties, biochemical markers, and fracture prediction algorithms (FRAX) in these patients. It further reviews the impact of diabetes drugs on bone tissue as well as the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments in this population. An algorithm for the identification and management of diabetic patients at increased fracture risk is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Muschitz
- II. Medizinische Abteilung, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Wien, Österreich.
- Externe Lehre, Medizinische Universität Wien, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Yvonne Winhofer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Martina Rauner
- Bone Lab Dresden, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Judith Haschka
- Externe Lehre, Medizinische Universität Wien, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Wien, Österreich
- I. Medizinische Abteilung, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Wien, Österreich
| | - Daniel Cejka
- III. Medizinische Abteilung mit Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, Transplantationsmedizin und Rheumatologie, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Österreich
| | - Robert Wakolbinger-Habel
- Externe Lehre, Medizinische Universität Wien, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Wien, Österreich
- Institut für physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Klinik Donaustadt, Wien, Österreich
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Institut für Pathophysiologie & Allergieforschung, Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
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Depot-specific adipose tissue modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists mediates their cardioprotective effects in metabolic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1631-1651. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20220404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are newer antidiabetic drug classes, which were recently shown to decrease cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. CV benefits of these drugs could not be directly attributed to their blood glucose lowering capacity possibly implicating a pleotropic effect as a mediator of their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particularly, preclinical and clinical studies indicate that SGLT-2i(s) and GLP-1 receptor agonists are capable of differentially modulating distinct adipose pools reducing the accumulation of fat in some depots, promoting the healthy expansion of others, and/or enhancing their browning, leading to the suppression of the metabolically induced inflammatory processes. These changes are accompanied with improvements in markers of cardiac structure and injury, coronary and vascular endothelial healing and function, vascular remodeling, as well as reduction of atherogenesis. Here, through a summary of the available evidence, we bring forth our view that the observed CV benefit in response to SGLT-2i or GLP-1 agonists therapy might be driven by their ameliorative impact on adipose tissue inflammation.
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Liraglutide Exerts Protective Effects by Downregulation of PPARγ, ACSL1 and SREBP-1c in Huh7 Cell Culture Models of Non-Alcoholic Steatosis and Drug-Induced Steatosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3465-3480. [PMID: 36005135 PMCID: PMC9406665 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: With the aging of the population and polypharmacy encountered in the elderly, drug-induced steatosis (DIS) has become frequent cause of non-alcoholic steatosis (NAS). Indeed, NAS and DIS may co-exist, making the ability to distinguish between the entities ever more important. The aim of our study was to study cell culture models of NAS and DIS and determine the effects of liraglutide (LIRA) in those models. (2) Methods: Huh7 cells were treated with oleic acid (OA), or amiodarone (AMD) to establish models of NAS and DIS, respectively. Cells were treated with LIRA and cell viability was assessed by MTT, lipid accumulation by Oil-Red-O staining and triglyceride assay, and intracellular signals involved in hepatosteatosis were quantitated by RT-PCR. (3) Results: After exposure to various OA and AMD concentrations, those that achieved 80% of cells viabilities were used in further experiments to establish NAS and DIS models using 0.5 mM OA and 20 µM AMD, respectively. In both models, LIRA increased cell viability (p < 0.01). Lipid accumulation was increased in both models, with microsteatotic pattern in DIS, and macrosteatotic pattern in NAS which corresponds to greater triglyceride accumulation in latter. LIRA ameliorated these changes (p < 0.001), and downregulated expression of lipogenic ACSL1, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c pathways in the liver (p < 0.01) (4) Conclusions: LIRA ameliorates hepatocyte steatosis in Huh7 cell culture models of NAS and DIS.
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Pang J, Feng JN, Ling W, Jin T. The anti-inflammatory feature of glucagon-like peptide-1 and its based diabetes drugs—Therapeutic potential exploration in lung injury. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4040-4055. [PMID: 36386481 PMCID: PMC9643154 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been developed as therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes (T2D). GLP-1R is not only expressed in pancreatic islets but also other organs, especially the lung. However, controversy on extra-pancreatic GLP-1R expression still needs to be further resolved, utilizing different tools including the use of more reliable GLP-1R antibodies in immune-staining and co-immune-staining. Extra-pancreatic expression of GLP-1R has triggered extensive investigations on extra-pancreatic functions of GLP-1RAs, aiming to repurpose them into therapeutic agents for other disorders. Extensive studies have demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory features of GLP-1RAs. Whether those features are directly mediated by GLP-1R expressed in immune cells also remains controversial. Following a brief review on GLP-1 as an incretin hormone and the development of GLP-1RAs as therapeutic agents for T2D, we have summarized our current understanding of the anti-inflammatory features of GLP-1RAs and commented on the controversy on extra-pancreatic GLP-1R expression. The main part of this review is a literature discussion on GLP-1RA utilization in animal models with chronic airway diseases and acute lung injuries, including studies on the combined use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapy. This is followed by a brief summary.
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Shi S, Song S, Liu X, Zhao G, Ding F, Zhao W, Zhang S, Song Y, Ma W. Construction and performance of exendin-4-loaded chitosan-PLGA microspheres for enhancing implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetic rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:548-560. [PMID: 35156499 PMCID: PMC8856071 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2036873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The updating and optimization of drug delivery systems is critical for better in vivo behaviors of drugs, as well as for improving impaired implant osseointegration in diabetes. Numerous studies have reported the benefits of exendin-4 on diabetic bone, with the potential to enhance osseointegration in diabetes. To construct an appropriate sustained-release system of exendin-4 targeting implant osseointegration in diabetes, this study fabricated exendin-4-loaded microspheres using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan. The morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release behavior of microspheres were investigated. The bioactivity of drug-loaded microspheres on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of diabetic BMSCs was investigated to examine the pharmacologic action of exendin-4 loaded into chitosan-PLGA microspheres. Further, the influence of microspheres on osseointegration was evaluated using type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat implant model. After 4 weeks, the samples were evaluated by radiological and histological analysis. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the prepared exendin-4-loaded chitosan-PLGA microspheres have good properties as a drug delivery system, and the chitosan could improve the encapsulation efficiency and drug release of PLGA microspheres. In addition, exendin-4-loaded microspheres could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of diabetic BMSCs. The results of in vivo experiments showed the exendin-4-loaded microspheres significantly improved the impaired osseointegration and bone formation around implants in T2DM rats without affecting blood glucose levels. Thus, the local application of exendin-4-loaded chitosan-PLGA microspheres might be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of dental implants in T2DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Shi
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oral Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhao
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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The Impact of GLP1 Agonists on Bone Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020224. [PMID: 35208548 PMCID: PMC8878541 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The association between diabetes mellitus and increased risk of bone fractures has led to the investigation of the impact of antidiabetic drugs on bone metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) are a relatively novel and promising class of anti-hyperglycemic drugs. In addition to their blood glucose lowering action, GLP1RAs seem to have additional pleiotropic properties such as a beneficial skeletal effect; although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The present systematic review summarizes current evidence about GLP1RAs and their effects on bone metabolism and fracture. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted based on electronic databases namely, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) through October 2019 to January 2020 for articles related to bone mineral density, diabetes mellitus and GLP1RAs. We included articles published in English. Finally, we included four randomized controlled trials, three meta-analyses, a case-control study and a population-based cohort analysis. Results: Based on the articles included, the animal studies indicated the salutary skeletal effects of GLP1RAs in opposition to what has been commonly observed in human studies, showing that these agents have no impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and the turnover markers. Moreover, it was demonstrated that GLP1 was not associated with fracture risk as compared to other anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Conclusions: Findings from this systematic review have demonstrated the neutral impact of GLP1RAs on BMD. Moreover, further double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed to draw more meaningful and significant conclusions on the efficacy of GLP1RAs on BMD.
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Lasschuit JWJ, Greenfield JR, Tonks KTT. Contribution of peripheral neuropathy to poor bone health in the feet of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:217-224. [PMID: 34568958 PMCID: PMC8475816 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of peripheral neuropathy on bone health in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Participants with T2DM were grouped according to the presence of peripheral neuropathy as assessed by vibration perception threshold (VPT). Recruitment ensured groups were balanced for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Bone health was measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and compared between groups. Calcaneal QUS parameters were correlated across the cohort with VPT and other prespecified variables. RESULTS Thirty-four participants (17 per group) were included with mean age 68 ± 12 years, 47% male, with median BMI 29.9 (IQR 26.9-32.7) kg/m2. The peripheral neuropathy group had significantly lower mean Stiffness Index (87 ± 12 versus 101 ± 16, p = 0.01), Speed of Sound (1542 ± 28 versus 1574 ± 34 m/s, p < 0.01), and a trend towards lower Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (113 ± 10 versus 120 ± 12 dB/MHz, p = 0.07). Pedal bone health asymmetry was not a significant feature in those with peripheral neuropathy. All calcaneal QUS parameters correlated negatively with VPT, although significance of the relationship with Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation was nullified if controlled for diabetes duration or time on insulin. Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation showed independent negative correlation with diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS People with T2DM and peripheral neuropathy have poorer bone health as measured by calcaneal QUS than those without peripheral neuropathy, independent of age, sex and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Willem Johan Lasschuit
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Healthy Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jerry Richard Greenfield
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Healthy Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Thuy Trang Tonks
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Healthy Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Hioki T, Kuroyanagi G, Fujita K, Sakai G, Kawabata T, Kim W, Tachi J, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Iida H, Kozawa O, Tokuda H. Incretins Enhance PGF2α-Induced Synthesis of IL-6 and Osteoprotegerin in Osteoblasts. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:42-49. [PMID: 34986499 DOI: 10.1055/a-1713-7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Incretins including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which are secreted from the small intestine after oral food ingestion, are currently well-known to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteoprotegerin in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that IL-6 and osteoprotegerin release are mediated through the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p38 MAP kinase or stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effects of incretins including GLP-1 and GIP, on the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin and examined the detailed mechanism in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that GIP and GLP-1 significantly stimulated the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, GIP and GLP-1 significantly enhanced the PGF2α-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-6. On the other hand, GIP and GLP-1 markedly stimulated the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin. However, the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, or JNK induced by PGF2α was not affected by GIP or GLP-1. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that incretins enhance the PGF2α-induced synthesis of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. However, these syntheses are not mediated through p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, or JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory/Biobank of Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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15
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Meurot C, Jacques C, Martin C, Sudre L, Breton J, Rattenbach R, Bismuth K, Berenbaum F. Targeting the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis to treat osteoarthritis: A new opportunity? J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:121-129. [PMID: 35280931 PMCID: PMC8888891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide. In OA, chondrocytes, synovial cells and other joint cells become activated when exposed to an abnormal environment, including mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines or disorganization of matrix proteins. Several analogues of the hormones called incretins have been developed and are used notably for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data has accumulated to suggest that incretinomimetics, which bind to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), have beneficial pleiotropic effects such as immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and neuronal protection. Thus, because of their anti-inflammatory properties, GLP-1-based therapies could benefit OA patients. This review focuses on the GLP-1R pathway, molecular mechanisms and phenotypes related to OA pathogenesis. The translational potential of this article The search for new therapeutic targets to treat people suffering from OA remains urgent as there is currently no disease-modifyingtherapy available for this disease. This review discusses how GLP-1 analogues could be potential DMOADs for treating OA thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and differentiation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Jacques
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938 and Labex Transimmunom, CDR St-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - R. Rattenbach
- 4P-Pharma, Lille, France
- 4Moving Biotech, Lille, France
| | | | - F. Berenbaum
- 4Moving Biotech, Lille, France
- APHP, Sorbonne University, Rheumatology Department, INSERM UMRS_938, CDR St-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Bakbak E, Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Quan A, Glazer SA, Rotstein OD, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Lessons from bariatric surgery: Can increased GLP-1 enhance vascular repair during cardiometabolic-based chronic disease? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1171-1188. [PMID: 34228302 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity represent entangled pandemics that accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the immense burden of CVD in society, non-invasive prevention and treatment strategies to promote cardiovascular health are desperately needed. During T2D and obesity, chronic dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation that deplete the vascular regenerative cell reservoir in the bone marrow that impairs blood vessel repair and exacerbates the penetrance of CVD co-morbidities. This novel translational paradigm, termed 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE), can be detected as the depletion and dysfunction of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cell lineages in the peripheral blood of individuals with established T2D and/or obesity. The reversal of vascular RCE has been observed after administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin, or after bariatric surgery for severe obesity. In this review, we explore emerging evidence that links improved dysglycemia to a reduction in systemic oxidative stress and recovery of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content required for blood vessel repair. Given that bariatric surgery consistently increases systemic glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) release, we also focus on evidence that the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) during obesity may act to inhibit the progression of systemic dysglycemia and adiposity, and indirectly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby limiting the impact of RCE. Therefore, therapeutic intervention with currently-available GLP-1RA may provide a less-invasive modality to reverse RCE, bolster vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals living with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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17
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G, Casado-Díaz A. Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) on Mesenchymal Stem-Cell (MSC) Biology: Implications for Regenerative Medicine - Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:56-76. [PMID: 34677817 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a ubiquitous protease that can be found in membrane-anchored or soluble form. Incretins are one of the main DPP4 substrates. These hormones regulate glucose levels, by stimulating insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon production. Because DPP4 levels are high in diabetes, DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) drugs derived from gliptin are widespread used as hypoglycemic agents for its treatment. However, as DPP4 recognizes other substrates such as chemokines, growth factors and neuropeptides, pleiotropic effects have been observed in patients treated with DPP4i. Several of these substrates are part of the stem-cell niche. Thus, they may affect different physiological aspects of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC). They include viability, differentiation, mobilization and immune response. MSC are involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, such cells and their secretomes have a high clinical potential in regenerative medicine. In this context, DPP4 activity may modulate different aspects of MSC regenerative capacity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the effect of different DPP4 substrates on MSC. Likewise, how the regulation of DPP4 activity by DPP4i can be applied in regenerative medicine. That includes treatment of cardiovascular and bone pathologies, cutaneous ulcers, organ transplantation and pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, among others. Thus, DPP4i has an important clinical potential as a complement to therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. They involve enhancing the differentiation, immunomodulation and mobilization capacity of MSC for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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18
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Samvelyan HJ, Mathers JC, Skerry TM. Feeding intervention potentiates the effect of mechanical loading to induce new bone formation in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21792. [PMID: 34516688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100334rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of increased human lifespan depend upon duration of healthy, independent living; the healthspan. Bone-wasting disorders contribute significantly to loss of independence, frailty, and morbidity in older people. Therefore, there is an unmet need globally for lifestyle interventions to reduce the likelihood of bone fractures with age. Although many mechanisms are involved in disorders of bone loss, there is no single regulatory pathway and, therefore, there is no single treatment available to prevent their occurrence. Our aim in these studies was to determine whether fasting/feeding interventions alter the effect of mechanical loading on bone anabolic activities and increase bone mass. In young 17-week-old mice, 16-hour fasting period followed by reintroduction of food for 2 hours increased markedly the potency of mechanical loading, that mimics the effect of exercise, to induce new cortical bone formation. Consistent with this finding, fasting and re-feeding increased the response of bone to a loading stimulus that, alone, does not stimulate new bone formation in ad-lib fed mice. Older mice (20 months) experienced no potentiation of loading-induced bone formation with the same timing of feeding interventions. Interestingly, the pre-, prandial, and postprandial endocrine responses in older mice were different from those in young animals. The hormones that change in response to timing of feeding have osteogenic effects that interact with loading-mediated effects. Our findings indicate associations between timing of food ingestion and bone adaptation to loading. If translated to humans, such non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions may benefit skeletal health of humans throughout life-course and in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Jasmine Samvelyan
- CIMA, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Cummings Mathers
- CIMA, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Michael Skerry
- CIMA, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Ma J, Kanou K, Mizoguchi I. Effects of Incretin-Related Diabetes Drugs on Bone Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126578. [PMID: 34205264 PMCID: PMC8234693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of fracture compared to the general population. Glucose absorption is accelerated by incretin hormones, which induce insulin secretion from the pancreas. The level of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), shows an immediate postprandial increase, and the circulating level of intact GLP-1 is reduced rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-mediated inactivation. Therefore, GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, these incretin-related diabetic agents have been reported to affect bone metabolism, including bone formation and resorption. These agents enhance the expression of bone markers, and have been applied to improve bone quality and bone density. In addition, they have been reported to suppress chronic inflammation and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokine expression. Previously, we reported that these incretin-related agents inhibited both the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-induced bone resorption. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of incretin-related diabetes drugs on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation as well as osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. The mechanisms by which incretin-related diabetes drugs regulate bone formation and bone resorption are also discussed.
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Abdulmalik S, Ramos D, Rudraiah S, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Kumbar SG. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 induces tenogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2021; 120:1-9. [PMID: 34062407 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and account for up to 50% of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States. The poor healing nature of the tendon is attributed to poor vascularization and cellular composition. In the absence of FDA-approved growth factors for tendon repair, engineering strategies using bioactive factors, donor cells, and delivery matrices to promote tendon repair and regeneration are being explored. Growth factor alternatives in the form of small molecules, donor cells, and progenitors offer several advantages and enhance the tendon healing response. Small drug molecules and peptides offer stability over growth factors that are known to suffer from relatively short biological half-lives. The primary focus of this study was to assess the ability of the exendin-4 (Ex-4) peptide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, to induce tenocyte differentiation in bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We treated hMSCs with varied doses of Ex-4 in culture media to evaluate proliferation and tendonogenic differentiation. A 20 nM Ex-4 concentration was optimal for promoting cell proliferation and tendonogenic differentiation. Tendonogenic differentiation of hMSCs was evaluated via gene expression profile, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analyses. Collectively, the levels of tendon-related transcription factors (Mkx and Scx) and extracellular matrix (Col-I, Dcn, Bgn, and Tnc) genes and proteins were elevated compared to media without Ex-4 and other controls including insulin and IGF-1 treatments. The tendonogenic factor Ex-4 in conjunction with hMSCs appear to enhance tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Abdulmalik
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Daisy Ramos
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Materials Science and Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA; University of St. Joseph, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Materials Science and Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA.
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21
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Farooqui KJ, Mithal A, Kerwen AK, Chandran M. Type 2 diabetes and bone fragility- An under-recognized association. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:927-935. [PMID: 33932745 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes and osteoporosis are common chronic disorders with growing prevalence in the aging population. Skeletal fragility secondary to diabetes increases the risk of fractures and is underestimated by currently available diagnostic tools like fracture risk assessment (FRAX) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In this narrative review we describe the relationship and pathophysiology of skeletal fragility and fractures in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), effect of glucose lowering medications on bone metabolism and the approach to diagnosing and managing osteoporosis and bone fragility in people with diabetes (PWD). METHODS A literature search was conducted on PubMed for articles in English that focused on T2DM and osteoporosis or bone/skeletal fragility. Articles considered to be of direct clinical relevance to physicians practicing diabetes were included. RESULTS T2DM is associated with skeletal fragility secondary to compromised bone remodeling and bone turnover. Long duration, poor glycemic control, presence of chronic complications, impaired muscle function, and anti-diabetic medications like thiazolidinediones (TZD) are risk factors for fractures among PWD. Conventional diagnostic tools like DXA and FRAX tool underestimate fracture risk in diabetes. Presence of diabetes does not alter response to anti-osteoporotic treatment in post-menopausal women. CONCLUSION Estimation of fragility fracture risk should be included in standard of care for T2DM along with screening for traditional complications. Physicians should proactively screen for and manage osteoporosis in people with diabetes. It is important to consider effects on bone health when selecting glucose lowering agents in people at risk for fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid J Farooqui
- Max Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, Delhi, India.
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Max Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, Delhi, India
| | - Ann Kwee Kerwen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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22
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Evaluation of Browning Agents on the White Adipogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Contribution to Fighting Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020403. [PMID: 33669222 PMCID: PMC7919793 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown-like adipocytes can be induced in white fat depots by a different environmental or drug stimuli, known as "browning" or "beiging". These brite adipocytes express thermogenin UCP1 protein and show different metabolic advantages, such as the ability to acquire a thermogenic phenotype corresponding to standard brown adipocytes that counteracts obesity. In this research, we evaluated the effects of several browning agents during white adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Our in vitro findings identified two compounds that may warrant further in vivo investigation as possible anti-obesity drugs. We found that rosiglitazone and sildenafil are the most promising drug candidates for a browning treatment of obesity. These drugs are already available on the market for treating diabetes and erectile dysfunction, respectively. Thus, their off-label use may be contemplated, but it must be emphasized that some severe side effects are associated with use of these drugs.
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23
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Abu-Farha M, Ghosh A, Al-Khairi I, Madiraju SRM, Abubaker J, Prentki M. The multi-faces of Angptl8 in health and disease: Novel functions beyond lipoprotein lipase modulation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101067. [PMID: 33011191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family members, mainly ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, are physiological inhibitors of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and play a critical role in lipoprotein and triglyceride metabolism in response to nutritional cues. ANGPTL8 has been described by different names in various studies and has been ascribed various functions at the systemic and cellular levels. Circulating ANGPTL8 originates mainly from the liver and to a smaller extent from adipose tissues. In the blood, ANGPTL8 forms a complex with ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4 to inhibit LPL in fed or fasted conditions, respectively. Evidence is emerging for additional intracellular and receptor-mediated functions of ANGPTL8, with implications in NFκB mediated inflammation, autophagy, adipogenesis, intra-cellular lipolysis and regulation of circadian clock. Elevated levels of plasma ANGPTL8 are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and NAFLD/NASH, even though the precise relationship is not known. Whether ANGPTL8 has direct pathogenic role in these diseases, remains to be explored. In this review, we develop a balanced view on the proposed association of this protein in the regulation of several pathophysiological processes. We also discuss the well-established functions of ANGPTL8 in lipoprotein metabolism in conjunction with the emerging novel extracellular and intracellular roles of ANGPTL8 and the implicated metabolic and signalling pathways. Understanding the diverse functions of ANGPTL8 in various tissues and metabolic states should unveil new opportunities of therapeutic intervention for cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait..
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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24
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Liu H, Zhan YL, Luo GJ, Zou LL, Li Y, Lu HY. Liraglutide and Insulin Have Contrary Effects on Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Wnt Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3075-3087. [PMID: 32943896 PMCID: PMC7478378 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to have beneficial impacts on improving human's metabolism and ameliorating insulin resistance. While insulin is another important and conventional drug in diabetes treatment, but it has an adverse effect on weight gain. PURPOSE To make sure whether GLP-1 and insulin play different roles in human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). METHODS We examined the in vitro roles and molecular mechanisms of liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, and human insulin on hADSCs isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100nM) of liraglutide and insulin were added to proliferation and differentiation medium of hADSCs, respectively. RESULTS Liraglutide inhibits while insulin promotes the proliferation and differentiation at the concentration of 100nM. Moreover, the levels of GSK-3 increase during differentiation and liraglutide could down-regulate it when compared with insulin. We also find that the activation of phosphorylated GSK-3α and GSK-3β is involved in the differentiation roles. And classical and non-classical Wnt pathways all play roles in the differentiation, which are characterized with the up/down-regulation of the expression of adipogenesis genes such as PPAR-γ and CEBP-α. CONCLUSION Liraglutide and insulin have contrary effects on the proliferation and adipogenesis via Wnt pathway in primary cultured ADSCs. Those effects could partly explain the different roles of GLP-1 and insulin on weight gain and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-li Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-jing Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-ling Zou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-yun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Xu X, Wang W, Lin L, Chen P. Liraglutide in combination with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell could improve liver lesions by modulating TLR4/NF-kB inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress in T2DM/NAFLD rats. Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101382. [PMID: 32933722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that liraglutide, or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSCs) can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However there have been no studies on the combination of the two used to treat NAFLD. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of combination of liraglutide and hUC-MSCs on liver injury in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD, and further investigate their mechanisms. Sprague Dawley rats fed by a high fat and high sucrose diet were randomly divided into 5 groups, including NC group, T2DM/NAFLD group, liraglutide group (treated with liraglutide, 200 μg/kg, twice daily for 8 weeks), hUC-MSCs group (treated with hUC-MSCs at the first and fifth weeks), liraglutid+hUC-MSCs group (treated with liraglutide and hUC-MSCs). Liver tissue was procured for histological examination, real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. After treatment, liraglutide and hUC-MSCs reduced serum ALT and AST levels, alleviate liver inflammation and improved liver histopathology. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 and NF-κB in serum and liver were significantly inhibited, particularly in the combination treatment group. Eight weeks after liraglutide or hUC-MSCs administration, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, Liver wet eight and hepatic TLR4, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, 8-OHdG mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased, and the levels of SOD expression were significantly increased in three treatment groups compared with T2DM/NAFLD group. This study suggests that liraglutide in combination with hUC-MSCs could significantly improve glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance and liver injury in T2DM/NAFLD rats. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and improvement in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Xu
- 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lu Lin
- 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Pin Chen
- 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 365000, Fujian, China.
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26
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Kawabata T, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Fujita K, Sakai G, Kim W, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Iida H, Yata KI, Wang S, Mizoguchi A, Otsuka T, Kozawa O. Incretin accelerates platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced osteoblast migration via protein kinase A: The upregulation of p38 MAP kinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2341. [PMID: 32047216 PMCID: PMC7012849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secreted from enteroendocrine cells after food ingestion, are currently recognized to regulate glucose metabolism through insulin secretion. We previously demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induces the migration of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including p38 MAP kinase. In the present study, we investigated whether or not incretins affect the osteoblast migration. The PDGF-BB-induced cell migration was significantly reinforced by GLP-1, GIP or cAMP analogues in MC3T3-E1 cells and normal human osteoblasts. The upregulated migration by GLP-1 or cAMP analogues was suppressed by H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. The amplification by GLP-1 of migration induced by PDGF-BB was almost completely reduced by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor in MC3T3-E1 cells and normal human osteoblasts. In addition, GIP markedly strengthened the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. Exendin-4, a GLP-1 analogue, induced Rho A expression and its translocation from cytoplasm to plasma membranes in osteoblasts at the epiphyseal lines of developing mouse femurs in vivo. These results strongly suggest that incretins accelerates the PDGF-BB-induced migration of osteoblasts via protein kinase A, and the up-regulation of p38 MAP kinase is involved in this acceleration. Our findings may highlight the novel potential of incretins to bone physiology and therapeutic strategy against bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyokawa, 442-8561, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Yata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shujie Wang
- Deaprtment of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Deaprtment of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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27
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Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 31911667 PMCID: PMC6946812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts followed by formation by osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are a source of bone formation-stimulating factors. Here we utilize osteoclast ablation by denosumab (DMAb) and RNA-sequencing of bone biopsies from postmenopausal women to identify osteoclast-secreted factors suppressed by DMAb. Based on these analyses, LIF, CREG2, CST3, CCBE1, and DPP4 are likely osteoclast-derived coupling factors in humans. Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D. Thus, our results identify several coupling factors in humans and uncover osteoclast-derived DPP4 as a potential link between bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Anti-resorptive bone therapies also inhibit bone formation, as osteoclasts secrete factors that stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, the authors identify osteoclast-secreted factors that couple bone resorption to bone formation in healthy subjects, and show that osteoclast-derived DPP4 may be a factor coupling bone resorption to energy metabolism.
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28
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Feng Y, Wang L, Ma X, Yang X, Don O, Chen X, Qu J, Song Y. Effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide combination in ALI through cAMP/PKAc/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31900217 PMCID: PMC6942368 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALI/ARDS is the major cause of acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients. As human chorionic villi-derived MSCs (hCMSCs) could attenuate ALI in the airway injury model, and liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, possesses anti-inflammatory and proliferation promotion functions, we proposed to probe the potential combinatory effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide on ALI. METHODS We examined the time- and dose-dependent manner of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 with LPS via western blot and qRT-PCR. Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay detected the effects of liraglutide on GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 through PKAc/β-catenin pathway and cAMP pathway. In the ALI animal model, we detected the effects of MSC and liraglutide combination on ALI symptoms by H&E staining, western blot, ELISA assays, calculating wet-to-dry ratio of the lung tissue, and counting neutrophils, leukocytes, and macrophages in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS The data demonstrated that LPS reduced hCMSC proliferation and GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Liraglutide significantly dampened the reduction of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 and reversed the effect of LPS on hCMSCs, which could be regulated by GLP-1R and its downstream cAMP/PKAc/β-catenin-TCF4 signaling. Combination of hCMSCs with liraglutide showed more therapeutic efficacy than liraglutide alone in reducing LPS-induced ALI in the animal model. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that the combination of hCMSCs and liraglutide might be an effective strategy for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 20003, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ocholi Don
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 20003, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging & Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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29
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Eller-Vainicher C, Cairoli E, Grassi G, Grassi F, Catalano A, Merlotti D, Falchetti A, Gaudio A, Chiodini I, Gennari L. Pathophysiology and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Bone Fragility. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7608964. [PMID: 32566682 PMCID: PMC7262667 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7608964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fragility fractures compared to nondiabetic subjects. This increased fracture risk may occur despite normal or even increased values of bone mineral density (BMD), and poor bone quality is suggested to contribute to skeletal fragility in this population. These concepts explain why the only evaluation of BMD could not be considered an adequate tool for evaluating the risk of fracture in the individual T2DM patient. Unfortunately, nowadays, the bone quality could not be reliably evaluated in the routine clinical practice. On the other hand, getting further insight on the pathogenesis of T2DM-related bone fragility could consent to ameliorate both the detection of the patients at risk for fracture and their appropriate treatment. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk of fragility fractures in a T2DM population are complex. Indeed, in T2DM, bone health is negatively affected by several factors, such as inflammatory cytokines, muscle-derived hormones, incretins, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production and cortisol secretion, peripheral activation, and sensitivity. All these factors may alter bone formation and resorption, collagen formation, and bone marrow adiposity, ultimately leading to reduced bone strength. Additional factors such as hypoglycemia and the consequent increased propensity for falls and the direct effects on bone and mineral metabolism of certain antidiabetic medications may contribute to the increased fracture risk in this population. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature evidence that faces the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone fragility in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Cairoli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Italy
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Grassi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Grassi
- Ramses Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D. Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - A. Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Italy
| | - A. Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, University Hospital ‘G. Rodolico', Catania, Italy
| | - I. Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Italy
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
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30
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Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, D'Alessio D, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR, Fritsche A, Gribble F, Grill HJ, Habener JF, Holst JJ, Langhans W, Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Perez-Tilve D, Pocai A, Reimann F, Sandoval DA, Schwartz TW, Seeley RJ, Stemmer K, Tang-Christensen M, Woods SC, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab 2019; 30:72-130. [PMID: 31767182 PMCID: PMC6812410 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 796] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, decrease of gastric emptying, inhibition of food intake, increase of natriuresis and diuresis, and modulation of rodent β-cell proliferation. GLP-1 also has cardio- and neuroprotective effects, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, and has implications for learning and memory, reward behavior, and palatability. Biochemically modified for enhanced potency and sustained action, GLP-1 receptor agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, and several GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies are in clinical evaluation for the treatment of obesity. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a detailed overview on the multifaceted nature of GLP-1 and its pharmacology and discuss its therapeutic implications on various diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Since its discovery, GLP-1 has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a myriad of metabolic functions that go well beyond its classical identification as an incretin hormone. The numerous beneficial effects of GLP-1 render this hormone an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - B Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D J Drucker
- The Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - P R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - H J Grill
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J F Habener
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - J J Meier
- Diabetes Division, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M A Nauck
- Diabetes Center Bochum-Hattingen, St Josef Hospital (Ruhr-Universität Bochum), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Perez-Tilve
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati-College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Pocai
- Cardiovascular & ImmunoMetabolism, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - F Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DL-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Tang-Christensen
- Obesity Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - S C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R D DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - M H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Murray CE, Coleman CM. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194873. [PMID: 31575077 PMCID: PMC6801685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to a diabetic environment leads to changes in bone metabolism and impaired bone micro-architecture through a variety of mechanisms on molecular and structural levels. These changes predispose the bone to an increased fracture risk and impaired osseus healing. In a clinical practice, adequate control of diabetes mellitus is essential for preventing detrimental effects on bone health. Alternative fracture risk assessment tools may be needed to accurately determine fracture risk in patients living with diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is no conclusive model explaining the mechanism of action of diabetes mellitus on bone health, particularly in view of progenitor cells. In this review, the best available literature on the impact of diabetes mellitus on bone health in vitro and in vivo is summarised with an emphasis on future translational research opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna E Murray
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Dangan, Newcastle Road, Galway City, County Galway, H91W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Cynthia M Coleman
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Dangan, Newcastle Road, Galway City, County Galway, H91W2TY, Ireland.
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Exendin-4 regulates Wnt and NF-κB signaling in lipopolysaccharide-induced human periodontal ligament stem cells to promote osteogenic differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105801. [PMID: 31401384 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A major feature of chronic periodontitis (CP) is the damage and destruction of alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can differentiate into bone and improve CP. Exendin-4 (Ex-4) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory mechanisms and can promote bone regeneration. However, the effects of Ex-4 on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in the inflammatory microenvironment remains uncharacterized. In this study, we assessed the effects of Ex-4 on PDLSCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammatory environment. PDLSCs proliferation was assessed through CCK-8 assays and osteogenic differentiation was measured using Alizarin Red staining. The anti-inflammatory and osteogenic mechanisms of Ex-4 were assessed by western blot, RT-PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence. We found that LPS treatment promoted the proliferative capacity of PDLSCs and inhibited their osteogenic differentiation. However, Ex-4 reversed these effects through suppressing PDLSCs proliferation and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Ex-4 increased Runx2, ALP, and Osx levels and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression. Ex-4 also reduced the expression of IκBα and p-IκBα, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. The expression of β-catenin decreased in nucleus after co-treatment of Ex-4 with LPS. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Ex-4 promotes PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation in the inflammatory microenvironment through regulating NF-κB and Wnt signaling.
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Guo Z, Chen R, Zhang F, Ding M, Wang P. Exendin-4 relieves the inhibitory effects of high glucose on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:9-16. [PMID: 29621668 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the impaired regenerative potential in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are regarded as an attractive source of stem cells for periodontal cytotherapy. Recent studies have shown that Exendin-4 (Ex-4) exerts cell-protective effects and bone remodeling ability on many types of cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Ex-4 alleviates the inhibition of high glucose on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. METHODS PDLSCs were incubated in medium supplemented with 5.5 mM d-glucose (NG), 30 mM d-glucose (HG), NG plus Ex-4, and HG plus different concentration (1, 10, 20, 100 nM) of Ex-4 respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. Osteogenesis was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and evaluation of the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP and Osx at day 7, 14 and 21. Intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate (CMH2DCF-DA). RESULTS The proliferation ability, mineralized nodules forming capacity and the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP and Osx of PDLSCs in HG group were decreased, the ROS level was increased compared to NG group. With the treatment of Ex-4, the HG-inhibited proliferation ability and osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs were significantly reversed, the HG-increased ROS level could be down-regulated. Moreover, Ex-4 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of normal PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Ex-4 alleviates the inhibitory effect of HG on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs, and has a significant enhance in the osteoblastic differentiation of normal PDLSCs, giving new insights into the possible therapeutic method of diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Hou WH, Chang KC, Li CY, Ou HT. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use is associated with decreased risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2029-2039. [PMID: 29766544 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the putative link between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) use and the risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This propensity-score-matched population-based cohort study was performed between 2009 and 2013 on patients with type 2 diabetes who were stable metformin users. A total of 3996 patients with type 2 diabetes used DPP-4i as a second-line antidiabetic drug. The same number of matched non-DPP-4i users were followed up until fracture occurrence, health insurance policy termination, or the end of 2013. The incidence rates of overall and cause-specific fractures were estimated based on the Poisson assumption. A multiple Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the association between DPP-4i use and overall and cause-specific fractures stratified by age and sex. RESULTS Over a maximum follow-up period of 5 years, 340 DPP-4i users and 419 non-DPP-4i users were newly diagnosed with fractures, yielding incidence rates of 28.03 and 32.04 per 1000 people per year, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that DPP-4i use significantly reduced the risk of all-cause fractures and upper extremity fractures, with adjusted HRs of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.99) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59-0.95), respectively. The aforementioned associations of DDP-4i use with fracture were sustained across sex and age stratifications. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study supported the premise that DPP-4i usage is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause fractures and upper extremity fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Hou
- Taipei Medical University, School of Gerontology Health Management and Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Department of Pharmacy, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Department and Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tainan City, Taiwan.,China Medical University, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Tz Ou
- National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tainan City, Taiwan
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35
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Luciani P, Fibbi B, Mazzanti B, Deledda C, Ballerini L, Aldinucci A, Benvenuti S, Saccardi R, Peri A. The effects of Exendin-4 on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells. Endocrine 2018; 60:423-434. [PMID: 29094257 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GLP-1 receptor agonists are antidiabetic drugs currently used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Despite several in vitro and in vivo animal studies suggesting a beneficial effect of GLP-1 analogues on bone, in humans their skeletal effects are not clear and clinical studies report conflicting results. METHODS We differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) toward the adipogenic and the osteoblastic lineages, analysing the effect of Exendin-4 (EXE) before, during and after specific differentiations. RESULTS We showed EXE ability to act selectively on a sub-population of hMSC characterised by a more stem potential, shifting them from G1 to S/M phase of cell cycle. We observed that EXE pre-treatment promotes both adipogenic and osteoblastic differentiations, possibly determined by an increased number of uncommitted progenitors. In fully differentiated cells, EXE affects mature adipocytes by increasing lipolysis, otherwise not altering osteoblasts metabolic activity. Moreover, the increased expression of osteoprotegerin, a modulator of the RANK/RANKL system, observed during osteogenic induction in presence of EXE, could negatively modulate osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a complex action of EXE on bone, targeting the proliferation of mesenchymal progenitors, the metabolism of mature adipocytes and the modulation of osteoclastogenesis. Thus, an overall positive effect of this molecule on bone quality might be hypothesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Luciani
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fibbi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Haematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristiana Deledda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Ballerini
- Haematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Benvenuti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Saccardi
- Haematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Peri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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36
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Conte C, Epstein S, Napoli N. Insulin resistance and bone: a biological partnership. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:305-314. [PMID: 29333578 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite a clear association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and fracture risk, the pathogenesis of bone fragility in T2D has not been clearly elucidated. Insulin resistance is the primary defect in T2D. Insulin signalling regulates both bone formation and bone resorption, but whether insulin resistance can affect bone has not been established. On the other hand, evidence exists that bone might play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. This article reviews the available experimental and clinical evidence on the interplay between bone and insulin resistance. Interestingly, a bilateral relationship between bone and insulin resistance seems to exist that unites them in a biological partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Clinical Transplant Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20163, Milan, Italy.
| | - Solomon Epstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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Wu X, Li S, Xue P, Li Y. Liraglutide Inhibits the Apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 Cells Induced by Serum Deprivation through cAMP/PKA/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathways. Mol Cells 2018; 41:234-243. [PMID: 29463067 PMCID: PMC5881097 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest towards the relationship between incretins and bone has been increasing. Previous studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor agonists exert beneficial anabolic influence on skeletal metabolism, such as promoting proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts via entero-osseous-axis. However, little is known regarding the effects of GLP-1 on osteoblast apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms involved. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on apoptosis of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. We confirmed the presence of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Our data demonstrated that liraglutide inhibited the apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells induced by serum deprivation, as detected by Annexin V/PI and Hoechst 33258 staining and ELISA assays. Moreover, liraglutide upregulated Bcl-2 expression and downregulated Bax expression and caspase-3 activity at intermediate concentration (100 nM) for maximum effect. Further study suggested that liraglutide stimulated the phosphorylation of AKT and enhanced cAMP level, along with decreased phosphorylation of GSK3β, increased β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 site and upregulated nuclear β-catenin content and transcriptional activity. Pretreatment of cells with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, PKA inhibitor H89, and siRNAs GLP-1R, β-catenin abrogated the liraglutide-induced activation of cAMP, AKT, β-catenin, respectively. In conclusion, these findings illustrate that activation of GLP-1 receptor by liraglutide inhibits the apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells induced by serum deprivation through cAMP/PKA/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
| | - Shilun Li
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province,
PR China
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He X, Guan H, Liang W, Huang Z, Xu L, Zhang P, Xu F, Li Y. Exendin-4 modifies adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from omentum through multiple mechanisms. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 29515208 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is considered a major factor in the development of metabolic disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to have positive effects on improving body metabolism and to reducing insulin resistance. However, it remains less clear whether GLP-1 plays a role in the adipogenesis process of visceral fat. METHODS Here, we analyzed the in vitro actions and probable mechanisms of Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) isolated from omentum. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that Exendin-4 improved cell viability via promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in hADSCs isolated from omentum. Mechanistically, the activation of MAPK/ ERK1/2, Akt/GSK-3β, and PKA/CREB pathways and downstream consequences induced are involved in the proliferative and anti-apoptotic roles of Exendin-4. More intriguingly, Exendin-4 could promote the differentiation of omental hADSCs. Underlying mechanisms of the differentiation of hADSCs are associated with the upregulation of the expression of pro-adipogenic genes and downregulation of the expression of anti-adipogenic genes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that Exendin-4 modifies adipogenesis of hADSCs isolated from omentum through multiple mechanisms, these effects could contribute to the protective actions of GLP-1 receptor agonist body metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mabilleau G, Gobron B, Bouvard B, Chappard D. Incretin-based therapy for the treatment of bone fragility in diabetes mellitus. Peptides 2018; 100:108-113. [PMID: 29412811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bone fracture incidence seems to develop due to increased risk of falls, poor bone quality and/or anti-diabetic medications. Previously, a relation between gut hormones and bone has been suspected. Most recent evidences suggest indeed that two gut hormones, namely glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), may control bone remodeling and quality. The GIP receptor is expressed in bone cells and knockout of either GIP or its receptor induces severe bone quality alterations. Similar alterations are also encountered in GLP-1 receptor knock-out animals associated with abnormal osteoclast resorption. Some GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and although clinical trials may not have been designed to investigate bone fracture, first results suggest that GLP-1RA may not exacerbate abnormal bone quality observed in T2DM. The recent design of double and triple gut hormone agonists may also represent a suitable alternative for restoring compromised bone quality observed in T2DM. However, although most of these new molecules demonstrated weight loss action, little is known on their bone safety. The present review summarizes the most recent findings on peptide-based incretin therapy and bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; SCIAM, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.
| | - Benoît Gobron
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; SCIAM, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, facilitates osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2, and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways involving β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:281-291. [PMID: 28919123 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proven that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor agonist exert favorable anabolic effects on skeletal metabolism. However, whether GLP-1 could directly impact osteoblast-mediated bone formation is still controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus in this paper, we investigated the effects of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts proliferation and differentiation and explored the potential cellular basis. Our study confirmed the presence of GLP-1R in MC3T3-E1, and demonstrated that liraglutide promotes osteoblasts proliferation at an intermediate concentration (100nM) and time (48h), upregulated the expression of osteoblastogenic biomarkers at various stages, and stimulated osteoblastic mineralization. Liraglutide also elevated the intracellular cAMP level and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK and β-catenin simultaneously with increased nuclear β-catenin content and transcriptional activity. Pretreatment of cells with the inhibitors LY294002, PD98059, H89 and GLP-1R and β-catenin siRNA partially blocked the liraglutide-induced signaling activation and attenuated the facilitating effect of liraglutide on MC3T3-E1 cells. Collectively, liraglutide was capable of acting upon osteoblasts directly through GLP-1R by activating PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, cAMP/PKA/β-cat-Ser675 signaling to promote bone formation via GLP-1R. Thus, GLP-1 analogues may be potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis in diabetics.
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Boettcher BR. Gastric bypass surgery mimetic approaches. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1242-1249. [PMID: 28576430 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastric bypass surgery is effectively a polypharmacological approach for treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gastric bypass mimetic approaches reviewed are fixed-dose combinatorial pharmacological approaches. There are two key concepts incorporated into these gastric bypass surgery mimetic approaches. The first key concept is that the combination of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is essential for success of any gastric bypass surgery mimetic approach. This combination affords the potential for durable weight loss, glycemic control and reduction in liver lipids. The second key concept is that a fixed-dose combination approach is preferred over post-approval combination of the individual components because the individual components alone often lack sufficient efficacy for development.
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Napoli N, Chandran M, Pierroz DD, Abrahamsen B, Schwartz AV, Ferrari SL. Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced bone fragility. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:208-219. [PMID: 27658727 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The risk of fragility fractures is increased in patients with either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although BMD is decreased in T1DM, BMD in T2DM is often normal or even slightly elevated compared with an age-matched control population. However, in both T1DM and T2DM, bone turnover is decreased and the bone material properties and microstructure of bone are altered; the latter particularly so when microvascular complications are present. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone fragility in diabetes mellitus are complex, and include hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts that compromise collagen properties, increase marrow adiposity, release inflammatory factors and adipokines from visceral fat, and potentially alter the function of osteocytes. Additional factors including treatment-induced hypoglycaemia, certain antidiabetic medications with a direct effect on bone and mineral metabolism (such as thiazolidinediones), as well as an increased propensity for falls, all contribute to the increased fracture risk in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro di Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Diabetes and Bone Network
| | - Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608 Singapore
| | - Dominique D Pierroz
- International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), Rue Juste-Olivier 9, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Serge L Ferrari
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Hygum K, Starup-Linde J, Harsløf T, Vestergaard P, Langdahl BL. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Diabetes mellitus, a state of low bone turnover - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R137-R157. [PMID: 28049653 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences in bone turnover between diabetic patients and controls. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases Medline at PubMed and EMBASE. The free text search terms 'diabetes mellitus' and 'bone turnover', 'sclerostin', 'RANKL', 'osteoprotegerin', 'tartrate-resistant acid' and 'TRAP' were used. Studies were eligible if they investigated bone turnover markers in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Data were extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 2881 papers were identified of which 66 studies were included. Serum levels of the bone resorption marker C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (-0.10 ng/mL (-0.12, -0.08)) and the bone formation markers osteocalcin (-2.51 ng/mL (-3.01, -2.01)) and procollagen type 1 amino terminal propeptide (-10.80 ng/mL (-12.83, -8.77)) were all lower in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Furthermore, s-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (-0.31 U/L (-0.56, -0.05)) compared with controls. S-sclerostin was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (14.92 pmol/L (3.12, 26.72)) and patients with type 1 diabetes (3.24 pmol/L (1.52, 4.96)) compared with controls. Also, s-osteoprotegerin was increased among patients with diabetes compared with controls (2.67 pmol/L (0.21, 5.14)). CONCLUSIONS Markers of both bone formation and bone resorption are decreased in patients with diabetes. This suggests that diabetes mellitus is a state of low bone turnover, which in turn may lead to more fragile bone. Altered levels of sclerostin and osteoprotegerin may be responsible for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hygum
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine and EndocrinologyAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kim H, Baek KH, Lee SY, Ahn SH, Lee SH, Koh JM, Rhee Y, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kang MI, Kim BJ, Min YK. Association of circulating dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels with osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1099-1108. [PMID: 27866216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture (OF) had higher plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) levels than those without. Furthermore, higher plasma DPP4 levels were significantly associated with higher bone turnover and a higher prevalence of OF. These results indicated that DPP4 may be associated with OF by mediating bone turnover rate. INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays a distinct role in bone metabolism. However, there has been no report on the association, if any, between circulating DPP4 levels and osteoporosis-related phenotypes, including osteoporotic fracture (OF). Therefore, we performed a case-control study to investigate these associations in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study was conducted in multiple centers in Korea. We enrolled 178 cases with OF and 178 age- and body mass index-matched controls. OF was assessed by an interviewer-assisted questionnaire and lateral thoracolumbar radiographs. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone mineral density (BMD), and plasma DPP4 levels were obtained in all subjects. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with OF had significantly higher DPP4 levels than those without (P = 0.021). Higher DPP4 levels were significantly positively associated with higher levels of all BTMs, but not with BMD at all measured sites. The differences in DPP4 levels according to OF status disappeared after an additional adjustment for each BTM, but not after adjustment for any BMD values. BTMs explained approximately half of the relationship between DPP4 and OF. The risk of OF was 3.80-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.53-9.42) higher in subjects in the highest DPP4 quartile than in those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders, including femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSIONS DPP4 may be associated with OF by at least partly mediating the bone turnover rate. Circulating DPP4 levels may be a potential biomarker that could increase the predictive power of current fracture risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - S-Y Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - S H Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, 422-711, South Korea
| | - D-Y Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 130-872, South Korea
| | - M-I Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - B-J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y-K Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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Fujita K, Tokuda H, Yamamoto N, Kainuma S, Kawabata T, Sakai G, Kuroyanagi G, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Harada A, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Incretins amplify TNF-α-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: Suppression of the IκB/NF-κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1053-1060. [PMID: 28204823 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose‑dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secreted from the small intestine after oral food ingestion are currently recognized to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. We previously reported that p70 S6 kinase limits the tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑stimulated interleukin-6 (IL‑6) synthesis in osteoblast‑like MC3T3‑E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of incretins on the TNF‑α‑induced IL‑6 synthesis and the underlying mechanism in MC3T3‑E1 cells. GLP‑1 and GIP significantly upregulated both TNF‑α‑stimulated IL‑6 release and mRNA levels. Wedelolactone, an inhibitor of IκB kinase, amplified the TNF-α-induced IL‑6 release. GLP‑1 significantly attenuated the TNF‑α‑induced phosphorylation of IκB without affecting the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. On the other hand, GLP‑1 markedly induced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). H‑89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, significantly suppressed the enhancement by GLP-1 of TNF-α-stimulated IL‑6 release. Dibutyryl cAMP, a permeable analogue of cAMP, which suppressed the TNF-α-induced IκB phosphorylation, amplified the IL‑6 release. These results strongly suggest that incretins upregulate the TNF-α-stimulated IL‑6 synthesis in osteoblasts, and that the amplifying effect of incretin is exerted via reducing the IκB/NF‑κB pathway through the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Kainuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474‑8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
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Abstract
Diabetes be it type 1 or type 2 is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk are just being elucidated. Anti-diabetes medications are crucial for maintaining glucose control and for preventing micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetes. However, they may modulate fracture risk in diabetes in different ways. Thiazolidinediones have demonstrated an unfavorable effect on the skeleton, while metformin and sulfonylureas may have a neutral if not beneficial effect on bone. The use of insulin has been associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures though it is not clear whether it is due to direct influence of insulin or whether it is mediated through hypoglycemia and increased falls risk. The overall effect of incretin mimetics appears to be beneficial; however, this has to be elucidated further. The bone effects of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, have not been explored fully. Finally, issues regarding bone safety of SGLT2 (sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2) inhibitors, the newest anti-diabetic medications on the market are of concern. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of these medications on bone metabolism and the studies exploring the risk or lack thereof of these medications on bone loss and fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, ACADEMIA, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
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Cantini G, Di Franco A, Mannucci E, Luconi M. Is cleaved glucagon-like peptide 1 really inactive? Effects of GLP-1(9-36) on human adipose stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:10-15. [PMID: 27746194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1(9-36) [GLP-1(9-36)] is generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) cleavage of the gut incretin hormone, GLP-1(7-36). Since GLP-1(9-36) has a very low affinity for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), it has so far been considered an inactive form of GLP-1. Here we show GLP-1(9-36) activity in human adipose stem cells (ASC) in vitro. GLP-1(9-36) inhibits human ASC proliferation, glucose uptake and adipogenesis, as well as induces cell apoptosis, to a similar extent as GLP-1(7-36) and liraglutide. Since GLP-1(9-36) effects are not reverted by the receptor antagonist exendin(9-39), which conversely reverts the effects of GLP-1(7-36), we hypothesized that the former may be mediated by a GLP-1 receptor different from the classical pancreatic one. This is the first report of GLP-1(9-36) activity in human adipose cells. Nevertheless, these findings deserve further preclinical studies to better elucidate novel and unforeseen GLP-1(9-36) activities, which could allow a better understanding of the clinical profile of DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Franco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Diabetes Agency, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Zhao C, Liang J, Yang Y, Yu M, Qu X. The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Bone Metabolism and Its Possible Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28515711 PMCID: PMC5413504 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of antidiabetic drugs on bone metabolism is drawing increasing attention due to the discovery of a correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a novel and promising class of drugs for T2DM, which may also have clinical applications in bone tissue disorders. This review examines the impact of GLP-1 on bone metabolism, including enhancement of bone mineral density and improvement of bone quality. However, the precise effect of GLP-1 on fracture risk has not been unambiguously defined. This review also summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which GLP-1 affects bone metabolism. GLP-1 may act on bone by promoting bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, and affecting the coordination of the two processes. We describe molecular pathways and proteins, such as Wnt and calcitonin, that are associated with GLP-1 and bone tissue. The specific processes and related molecular mechanisms of the effects of GLP-1 on bone metabolism need to be further explored and clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhe Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqiu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxiang Yu, ; Xinhua Qu,
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxiang Yu, ; Xinhua Qu,
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Eom YS, Gwon AR, Kwak KM, Kim JY, Yu SH, Lee S, Kim YS, Park IB, Kim KW, Lee K, Kim BJ. Protective Effects of Vildagliptin against Pioglitazone-Induced Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168569. [PMID: 27997588 PMCID: PMC5172620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) is associated with bone loss and an increased risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Incretin-based drugs (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors) have several benefits in many systems in addition to glycemic control. In a previous study, we reported that exendin-4 might increase bone mineral density (BMD) by decreasing the expression of SOST/sclerostin in osteocytes in a T2DM animal model. In this study, we investigated the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor on TZD-induced bone loss in a T2DM animal model. We randomly divided 12-week-old male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats into four groups; control, vildagliptin, pioglitazone, and vildagliptin and pioglitazone combination. Animals in each group received the respective treatments for 5 weeks. We performed an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) before and after treatment. BMD and the trabecular micro-architecture were measured by DEXA and micro CT, respectively, at the end of the treatment. The circulating levels of active GLP-1, bone turnover markers, and sclerostin were assayed. Vildagliptin treatment significantly increased BMD and trabecular bone volume. The combination therapy restored BMD, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular bone thickness that were decreased by pioglitazone. The levels of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, decreased and that of the bone resorption marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b increased in the pioglitazone group. These biomarkers were ameliorated and the pioglitazone-induced increase in sclerostin level was lowered to control values by the addition of vildagliptin. In conclusion, our results indicate that orally administered vildagliptin demonstrated a protective effect on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in a type 2 diabetic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - A-Ryeong Gwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science based Lung and Bone Disease Research Center, Wonkang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sihoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeun Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ie Byung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Kainuma S, Tokuda H, Fujita K, Kawabata T, Sakai G, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Harada A, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Attenuation by incretins of thyroid hormone-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:771-775. [PMID: 28105345 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins, the polypeptide hormone glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from the small intestine after nutrient ingestion, are generally known to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. We previously demonstrated that triiodothyronine (T3) stimulates osteocalcin synthesis at least in part through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of GIP and GLP-1 on T3-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis and the mechanism of action involved in MC3T3-E1 cells. GIP and GLP-1 markedly suppressed the T3-stimulated osteocalcin release. GIP and GLP-1 significantly attenuated the expression levels of osteocalcin mRNA induced by T3. The T3-stimulated transactivation activity of the thyroid hormone-responsive element was reduced by GIP and GLP-1. These results suggest that incretins repressed the T3-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and the suppressive effect of incretins was mediated through transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kainuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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