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Zhao Y, Yue R. Aging adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:53-69. [PMID: 37725294 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also rising. Aging affects the tissues and organs of the whole body, which is the result of various physiological and pathological processes. Adipose tissue has a high degree of plasticity and changes with aging. Aging changes the distribution of adipose tissue, affects adipogenesis, browning characteristics, inflammatory status and adipokine secretion, and increases lipotoxicity. These age-dependent changes in adipose tissue are an important cause of insulin resistance and T2D. Understanding adipose tissue changes can help promote healthy aging process. This review summarizes changes in adipose tissue ascribable to aging, with a focus on the role of aging adipose tissue in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Henning C, Stübner C, Arabi SH, Reichenwallner J, Hinderberger D, Fiedler R, Girndt M, Di Sanzo S, Ori A, Glomb MA. Glycation Alters the Fatty Acid Binding Capacity of Human Serum Albumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3033-3046. [PMID: 35194998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycation significantly alters the physicochemical and biofunctional properties of proteins in foods and in vivo. In the present study, human serum albumin (HSA) as the major transporter of fatty acids was modified with glyoxal under physiological conditions. Reversibly albumin-bound glyoxal was removed, and advanced glycation end products were quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The total modification of protein-bound lysine and arginine residues reached up to 4.2 and 9.6%, respectively. The impact of these modifications on the transport capacity of long-chain fatty acids was characterized by spin-labeled fatty acid probes via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. With increasing degree of glycation, the equivalence of the seven binding sites of native HSA with a dissociation constant of 0.74 ± 0.09 μM was set off with only the three high-affinity sites 2, 4, and 5 remaining (0.46 ± 0.07 μM). The other four sites were shifted to low affinities with significantly higher dissociation constants (1.32 ± 0.35 μM). Tryptic peptide mapping enabled us to relate these findings to molecular changes at specific binding sites. Modification hotspots identified were lysine 351, 286, 159 and arginine 144, 485, 117. Further investigation of plasma protein samples of uremic patients vs healthy controls gave first insights into the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henning
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christine Stübner
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Arabi
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichenwallner
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging─Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging─Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Frasca D, Romero M, Garcia D, Diaz A, Blomberg BB. Obesity Accelerates Age-Associated Defects in Human B Cells Through a Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by the Fatty Acid Palmitate. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:828697. [PMID: 35822047 PMCID: PMC9261304 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.828697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the secretion of autoimmune antibodies in plasma samples and in culture supernatants of blood-derived B cells from four groups of individuals: young lean (YL), elderly lean (EL), young obese (YO) and elderly obese (EO). We found secretion comparable in YO and EL individuals, suggesting that obesity accelerates age-associated defects in circulating B cells. To define at least one possible molecular pathway involved, we used an in vitro model in which B cells from YL and EL individuals have been stimulated with the Fatty Acid (FA) palmitate, the most common saturated FA in the human body. The rationale to use palmitate is that there is a chronic increase in circulating levels of palmitate, due to increased spontaneous lipolysis occurring during aging and obesity, and this may induce autoimmune B cells. Results herein show that in vitro incubation of B cells from YL and EL individuals with the FA palmitate induces mRNA expression of T-bet, the transcription factor for autoimmune antibodies, as well as secretion of autoimmune IgG antibodies, with B cells from YL individuals looking similar to B cells from EL individuals, confirming our initial hypothesis. The generation of autoimmune B cells in the presence of the FA palmitate was found to be associated with a metabolic reprogramming of B cells from both YL and EL individuals. These results altogether show the critical role of the FA palmitate in inducing human B cell immunosenescence and show for the first time the importance of metabolic pathways in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela Frasca,
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Consitt LA, Dudley C, Saxena G. Impact of Endurance and Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112636. [PMID: 31684154 PMCID: PMC6893763 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. While this process is multifaceted, age-related changes to skeletal muscle are expected to contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. Some of these changes include sarcopenia, impaired insulin signaling, and imbalances in glucose utilization. Endurance and resistance exercise training have been endorsed as interventions to improve glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in the elderly. While both types of exercise generally increase insulin sensitivity in older adults, the metabolic pathways through which this occurs can differ and can be dependent on preexisting conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will first highlight age-related changes to skeletal muscle which can contribute to insulin resistance, followed by a comparison of endurance and resistance training adaptations to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Courtney Dudley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Meex RCR, Blaak EE, van Loon LJC. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1205-1217. [PMID: 31240819 PMCID: PMC6852205 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and muscle mass loss often coincide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and it is well established that obesity and derangements in lipid metabolism play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in these individuals. Specifically, increased adipose tissue mass and dysfunctional adipose tissue lead to systemic lipid overflow and to low-grade inflammation via altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Furthermore, an increased flux of fatty acids from the adipose tissue may contribute to increased fat storage in the liver and in skeletal muscle, resulting in an altered secretion of hepatokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. Recent studies suggest that obesity and lipid derangements in adipose tissue can also lead to the development of muscle atrophy, which would make insulin resistance and muscle atrophy two sides of the same coin. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between lipid accumulation, type 2 diabetes, and muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and muscle loss and to discuss some of the joint pathways through which lipid accumulation in organs may affect peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Effects of moderate exercise on biochemical, morphological, and physiological parameters of the pancreas of female mice with estrogen deprivation and dyslipidemia. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:118-127. [PMID: 29335884 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal women are at high risk of developing heart disease. However, physical exercise practice can reverse this scenario. We evaluated the biochemical, morphological, and physiological effects of moderate aerobic physical exercise on the pancreas of knockout mice for LDL receptor with estrogen deprivation by ovariectomy. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5): sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; sedentary ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; and trained ovariectomized LDL-R knockout. Physical exercise practice promoted improvement in biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed, with reduction of visceral adipose tissue and VLDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. In addition, physical exercise practice altered the morphology of pancreatic islets and improved their response to the effects of menopause. Thus, physical exercise practice was fundamental to minimize the effects of dyslipidemia associated with ovariectomy in the pancreatic tissue of LDL-R knockout animals, contributing to reduce the risk of developing cardiac diseases in the menopause period.
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Matone A, Derlindati E, Marchetti L, Spigoni V, Dei Cas A, Montanini B, Ardigò D, Zavaroni I, Priami C, Bonadonna RC. Identification of an early transcriptomic signature of insulin resistance and related diseases in lymphomonocytes of healthy subjects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182559. [PMID: 28777829 PMCID: PMC5544197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is considered to be a pathogenetic mechanism in several and diverse diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis) often antedating them in apparently healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate with a microarray based approach whether IR per se is characterized by a specific pattern of gene expression. For this purpose we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in two groups (10 subjects each) of healthy individuals, with extreme insulin resistance or sensitivity, matched for BMI, age and gender, selected within the MultiKnowledge Study cohort (n = 148). Data were analyzed with an ad-hoc rank-based classification method. 321 genes composed the gene set distinguishing the insulin resistant and sensitive groups, within which the "Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes" KEGG pathway was significantly represented, suggesting a pattern of increased intracellular cAMP and Ca2+, and apoptosis in the IR group. The same pathway allowed to discriminate between insulin resistance and insulin sensitive subjects with BMI >25, supporting his role as a biomarker of IR. Moreover, ASCM pathway harbored biomarkers able to distinguish healthy and diseased subjects (from publicly available data sets) in IR-related diseases involving excitable cells: type 2 diabetes, chronic heart failure, and Alzheimer's disease. The altered gene expression profile of the ASCM pathway is an early molecular signature of IR and could provide a common molecular pathogenetic platform for IR-related disorders, possibly representing an important aid in the efforts aiming at preventing, early detecting and optimally treating IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research—University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Luca Marchetti
- The Microsoft Research—University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Valentina Spigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Montanini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diego Ardigò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research—University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Flowers A, Bell-Temin H, Jalloh A, Stevens SM, Bickford PC. Proteomic anaysis of aged microglia: shifts in transcription, bioenergetics, and nutrient response. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:96. [PMID: 28468668 PMCID: PMC5415769 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age is the primary risk factor for many diseases. As such, age is a critical co-factor for examination in order to understand the progression and potential intervention in disease progression. Studies examining both the phenotype and transcriptome of aged microglia demonstrated a propensity for the development of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Less well studied is the concomitant blunting of anti-inflammatory aspects of microglial function with age which also impact plasticity and repair in the CNS. Methods This study utilizes mass spectrometry-based proteomics to compare primary microglia from young and aged animals. Results This study revealed alterations in three clusters of inter-related proteins. The three pathways were inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial function, and cellular metabolism. Analysis of these clusters identified the protein rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), a component of the mTORC2 complex, as a novel upstream regulator of several biological functions that are altered with age and potentially linked to phenotype development. A decrease in mTORC2-dependent AKT S473 phosphorylation, as assessed by insulin growth factor (IGF) treatment, was observed in aged microglia. This novel finding was confirmed by genetic manipulation of the microglial cell line. BV2 cells with diminished RICTOR displayed a phenotype that was strikingly similar to that of aged microglia. This finding is particularly relevant as the mTOR pathway already has a number of pharmacological modulators used clinically. Conclusions The results suggest that microglia from aged mice show changes in cellular metabolism and energy regulation that might underlie the alterations in inflammatory signaling. Modulation of one pathway identified in our bioinformatic analysis, RICTOR, may provide an avenue by which deleterious aspects of the aging microglia can be attenuated. If successful, this could mean potentially delaying or diminishing the progress of diseases for which progressive inflammation is involved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0840-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwoine Flowers
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Campus Box MDC-78, Tampa, FL, 33570, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Harris Bell-Temin
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ahmad Jalloh
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Campus Box MDC-78, Tampa, FL, 33570, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Campus Box MDC-78, Tampa, FL, 33570, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Research Service, James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Consitt LA, Saxena G, Saneda A, Houmard JA. Age-related impairments in skeletal muscle PDH phosphorylation and plasma lactate are indicative of metabolic inflexibility and the effects of exercise training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E145-56. [PMID: 27221120 PMCID: PMC4967149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00452.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether plasma lactate and skeletal muscle glucose regulatory pathways, specifically PDH dephosphorylation, are impaired during hyperinsulinemic conditions in middle- to older-aged individuals and determine whether exercise training could improve key variables responsible for skeletal muscle PDH regulation. Eighteen young (19-29 yr; n = 9 males and 9 females) and 20 middle- to older-aged (57-82 yr; n = 10 males and 10 females) individuals underwent a 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and at 30, 50, 90, and 120 min for analysis of lactate, and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed at 60 min for analysis of protein associated with glucose metabolism. In response to insulin, plasma lactate was elevated in aged individuals when normalized to insulin action. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of skeletal muscle PDH on serine sites 232, 293, and 300 decreased in young individuals only. Changes in insulin-stimulated PDH phosphorylation were positively related to changes in plasma lactate. No age-related differences were observed in skeletal muscle phosphorylation of LDH, GSK-3α, or GSK-3β in response to insulin or PDP1, PDP2, PDK2, PDK4, or MPC1 total protein. Twelve weeks of endurance- or strength-oriented exercise training improved insulin-stimulated PDH dephosphorylation, which was related to a reduced lactate response. These findings suggest that impairments in insulin-induced PDH regulation in a sedentary aging population contribute to impaired glucose metabolism and that exercise training is an effective intervention for treating metabolic inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio;
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Alicson Saneda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Vigelso A, Prats C, Ploug T, Dela F, Helge JW. Higher muscle content of perilipin 5 and endothelial lipase protein in trained than untrained middle-aged men. Physiol Res 2015; 65:293-302. [PMID: 26447519 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A high VO(2)max in middle-age is related to high metabolic flexibility and lowered risk of metabolic diseases. However, the influence of a high VO(2)max induced by years of regular training in middle-age on protein expression related to muscle metabolism is not well studied. This study measures key proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidation, glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained middle-aged men. 16 middle-aged men, matched for lean body mass, were recruited into an endurance trained (TR, n=8) or an untrained (CON, n=8) group based on their VO(2)max. A muscle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis and protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. The TR had higher protein levels of mitochondrial complex III-V, endothelial lipase (EL) and perilipin 5 compared to the CON. Glycogen synthase (P=0.05), perilipin 3 (P=0.09) and ATGL (P=0.09) tended to be higher in TR than CON, but there was no difference in AKT I/II, HKII, GLUT4 and LPL protein expression. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between plasma HDL and EL (R(2)=0.53, P<0.01). In conclusion, a high VO(2)max in middle-aged men was as expected is reflected in higher muscle oxidative capacity, but also in higher endothelial lipase and perilipin 5 expression and a borderline higher glycogen synthase protein expression, which may contribute to a higher metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vigelso
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Achong N, McIntyre HD, Callaway L. Factors determining insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: a review. Obstet Med 2014; 7:52-9. [PMID: 27512424 PMCID: PMC4934947 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x13516442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased insulin requirements during pregnancy. However, a minority of women have a fall in insulin requirements. When this occurs in late gestation, it often provokes concern regarding possible compromise of the feto-placental unit. In some centres, this is considered as an indication for delivery, including premature delivery. There are, however, many other factors that affect insulin requirements in pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the decline in insulin requirements may represent a variant of normal pregnancy. If there is no underlying pathological process, expedited delivery in these women is not warranted and confers increased risks to the newborn. We will explore the factors affecting insulin requirements in gestation in this review. We will also discuss some novel concepts regarding beta-cell function in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Achong
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Leonie Callaway
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Ghosh S, Lertwattanarak R, Garduño JDJ, Galeana JJ, Li J, Zamarripa F, Lancaster JL, Mohan S, Hussey S, Musi N. Elevated muscle TLR4 expression and metabolic endotoxemia in human aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:232-46. [PMID: 24846769 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with alterations in glucose metabolism and sarcopenia that jointly contribute to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because aging is considered as a state of low-grade inflammation, in this study we examined whether older, healthy (lean, community-dwelling) participants have altered signaling flux through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses. We also examined whether a 4-month aerobic exercise program would have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing TLR4 expression and signaling. At baseline, muscle TLR4, nuclear factor κB p50 and nuclear factor κB p65 protein content, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation were significantly elevated in older versus young participants. The plasma concentration of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide and its binding protein also were significantly elevated in older participants, indicative of metabolic endotoxemia, which is a recently described phenomenon of increased plasma endotoxin level in metabolic disease. These alterations in older participants were accompanied by decreased insulin sensitivity, quadriceps muscle volume, and muscle strength. The exercise training program increased insulin sensitivity, without affecting quadriceps muscle volume or strength. Muscle TLR4, nuclear factor κB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were not changed by exercise. In conclusion, insulin resistance and sarcopenia of aging are associated with increased TLR4 expression/signaling, which may be secondary to metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ghosh
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
| | - Sophie Hussey
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging,
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Finucane FM, Sharp SJ, Hatunic M, Sleigh A, De Lucia Rolfe E, Aihie Sayer A, Cooper C, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ. Liver fat accumulation is associated with reduced hepatic insulin extraction and beta cell dysfunction in healthy older individuals. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:43. [PMID: 24669786 PMCID: PMC3974597 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a well-established association between type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) secondary to excess accumulation of intrahepatic lipid (IHL), but the mechanistic basis for this association is unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to being associated with insulin resistance, NAFLD may be associated with relative beta-cell dysfunction. We sought to determine the influence of liver fat on hepatic insulin extraction and indices of beta-cell function in a cohort of apparently healthy older white adults. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 70 healthy participants in the Hertfordshire Physical Activity Trial (39 males, age 71.3 ± 2.4 years) who underwent oral glucose tolerance testing with glucose, insulin and C-Peptide levels measured every 30 minutes over two hours. The areas under the concentration curve for glucose, insulin and C-Peptide were used to quantify hepatic insulin extraction (HIE), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the C-Peptide increment (CGI), the Disposition Index (DI) and Adaptation Index (AI). Visceral fat was quantified with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and IHL with MR spectroscopy. Insulin sensitivity was measured with the Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity (OGIS) model. RESULTS 29 of 70 participants (41%) exceeded our arbitrary threshold for NAFLD, i.e. IHL >5.5%. Compared to those with normal IHL, those with NAFLD had higher weight, BMI, waist and MR visceral fat, with lower insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin extraction. Alcohol consumption, age, HbA1c and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were similar in both groups. Insulin and C-Peptide excursions after oral glucose loading were higher in the NAFLD group, but the CGI and AI were significantly lower, indicating a relative defect in beta-cell function that is only apparent when C-Peptide is measured and when dynamic changes in glucose levels and also insulin sensitivity are taken into account. There was no difference in IGI or DI between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although increased IHL was associated with greater insulin secretion, modelled parameters suggested relative beta-cell dysfunction with NAFLD in apparently healthy older adults, which may be obscured by reduced hepatic insulin extraction. Further studies quantifying pancreatic fat content directly and its influence on beta cell function are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN60986572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Finucane
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
- Galway Diabetes Research Centre, HRB Clinical Research Facility, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Ema De Lucia Rolfe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
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Whigham LD, Butz DE, Dashti H, Tonelli M, Johnson LK, Cook ME, Porter WP, Eghbalnia HR, Markley JL, Lindheim SR, Schoeller DA, Abbott DH, Assadi-Porter FM. Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:269-278. [PMID: 24765590 DOI: 10.2174/2213235x01666131203230512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female endocrinopathy, is a complex metabolic syndrome of enhanced weight gain. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate metabolic differences between normal (n=10) and PCOS (n=10) women via breath carbon isotope ratio, urinary nitrogen and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-determined serum metabolites. Breath carbon stable isotopes measured by cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) indicated diminished (p<0.030) lipid use as a metabolic substrate during overnight fasting in PCOS compared to normal women. Accompanying urinary analyses showed a trending correlation (p<0.057) between overnight total nitrogen and circulating testosterone in PCOS women, alone. Serum analyzed by NMR spectroscopy following overnight, fast and at 2 h following an oral glucose tolerance test showed that a transient elevation in blood glucose levels decreased circulating levels of lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolic intermediates (acetone, 2-oxocaporate, 2-aminobutyrate, pyruvate, formate, and sarcosine) in PCOS women, whereas the 2 h glucose challenge led to increases in the same intermediates in normal women. These pilot data suggest that PCOS-related inflexibility in fasting-related switching between lipid and carbohydrate/protein utilization for carbon metabolism may contribute to enhanced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah D Whigham
- Paso del Norte Institute for Healthy Living, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Daniel E Butz
- Animal Sciences Department, UW-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hesam Dashti
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Luann K Johnson
- Paso del Norte Institute for Healthy Living, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mark E Cook
- Animal Sciences Department, UW-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Warren P Porter
- Department of Zoology, UW-Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St. Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hamid R Eghbalnia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, USA
| | - John L Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA ; Department of Biochemistry, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven R Lindheim
- Arizona Reproductive Institute 1775 E Skyline Drive, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, UW-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW-Madison, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Fariba M Assadi-Porter
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA ; Department of Biochemistry, UW-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA ; Department of Nutritional and Human Health Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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15
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Finucane FM, Sharp SJ, Hatunic M, Sleigh A, De Lucia Rolfe E, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Griffin SJ, Savage DB, Wareham NJ. Intrahepatic Lipid Content and Insulin Resistance Are More Strongly Associated with Impaired NEFA Suppression after Oral Glucose Loading Than with Fasting NEFA Levels in Healthy Older Individuals. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:870487. [PMID: 23737780 PMCID: PMC3659510 DOI: 10.1155/2013/870487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The mechanisms underlying the association between insulin resistance and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) accumulation are not completely understood. We sought to determine whether this association was explained by differences in fasting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and/or NEFA suppression after oral glucose loading. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 70 healthy participants in the Hertfordshire Physical Activity Trial (39 males, age 71.3 ± 2.4 years) who underwent oral glucose tolerance testing with glucose, insulin, and NEFA levels measured over two hours. IHL was quantified with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Insulin sensitivity was measured with the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) model, the leptin: adiponectin ratio (LAR), and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results. Measures of insulin sensitivity were not associated with fasting NEFA levels, but OGIS was strongly associated with NEFA suppression at 30 minutes and strongly inversely associated with IHL. Moreover, LAR was strongly inversely associated with NEFA suppression and strongly associated with IHL. This latter association (beta = 1.11 [1.01, 1.21], P = 0.026) was explained by reduced NEFA suppression (P = 0.24 after adjustment). Conclusions. Impaired postprandial NEFA suppression, but not fasting NEFA, contributes to the strong and well-established association between whole body insulin resistance and liver fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Finucane
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285 Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
- Galway Diabetes Research Centre, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Francis M. Finucane:
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285 Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Ema De Lucia Rolfe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285 Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Simon J. Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285 Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - David B. Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285 Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
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Esterson YB, Kishore P, Koppaka S, Li W, Zhang K, Tonelli J, Lee DE, Kehlenbrink S, Lawrence S, Crandall J, Barzilai N, Hawkins M. Fatty acid-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by adipose macrophages is greater in middle-aged versus younger adult participants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:1321-8. [PMID: 23089338 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human aging is associated with heightened risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Increased fat mass may contribute to age-related diseases by harboring inflammatory macrophages that produce metabolically important proteins such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Elevated PAI-1 concentrations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of such aging-related conditions as insulin resistance, obesity, and atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations augment both circulating PAI-1 concentrations and PAI-1 production by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). METHODS Because increasing age is associated with increased infiltration and reactivity of adipose macrophages, we performed euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies and adipose tissue biopsies with and without elevated FFA concentrations in 31 nondiabetic participants stratified by age, to determine whether middle-aged individuals manifest heightened insulin resistance and PAI-1 production by ATMs in response to elevated nutrient signals relative to their young adult peers. RESULTS We observed that elevating FFA concentrations under euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions induced the same degree of insulin resistance in both middle-aged and younger body mass index-matched adults, whereas systemic PAI-1 concentrations were significantly increased in the middle-aged group. Likewise, elevated FFA and insulin concentrations induced larger increases in PAI-1 gene expression in the whole fat and ATMs of middle-aged compared with younger adult participants. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal a heightened adipose inflammatory response to increased FFA and insulin availability in middle-aged individuals relative to younger adults, suggesting that increased susceptibility to the effects of fatty acid excess may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonah B Esterson
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer 709, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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17
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Gong Z, Muzumdar RH. Pancreatic function, type 2 diabetes, and metabolism in aging. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:320482. [PMID: 22675349 PMCID: PMC3362843 DOI: 10.1155/2012/320482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Of the reported 25.8 million Americans estimated to have diabetes, 26.9% are over the age of 65. In certain ethnic groups, the proportion is even higher; almost 1 in 3 older Hispanics and African Americans and 3 out of 4 Pima Indian elders have diabetes. As per the NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination) survey, the percentage of physician-diagnosed diabetes increased from 3.9% in middle-aged adults (40-49 years) to 13.2% in elderly adults (≥75 years). The higher incidence of diabetes is especially alarming considering that diabetes in itself increases the risk for multiple other age-related diseases such as cancer, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we summarize the current evidence on how aging affects pancreatic β cell function, β cell mass, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. We also review the effects of aging on the relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to impaired glucose homeostasis and T2D in the elderly will lead to development of novel treatments that will prevent or delay diabetes, substantially improve quality of life and ultimately increase overall life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Radhika H. Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- *Radhika H. Muzumdar:
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18
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Evans WJ, Farrell PA. The Aging Pancreas: Effects of Aging on Insulin Secretion and Action. Compr Physiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Sato H, Carvalho G, Sato T, Bracco D, Codere-Maruyama T, Lattermann R, Hatzakorzian R, Matsukawa T, Schricker T. Perioperative tight glucose control with hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp technique in cardiac surgery. Nutrition 2010; 26:1122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Einstein FH, Huffman DM, Fishman S, Jerschow E, Heo HJ, Atzmon G, Schechter C, Barzilai N, Muzumdar RH. Aging per se increases the susceptibility to free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:800-8. [PMID: 20504893 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevations in systemic free fatty acids (FFA) contribute to insulin resistance. To determine the effects of an acute elevation in FFA on insulin action with aging, we infused saline or intralipid (IL) during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in three groups of rats: young ad libitum-fed (YAL), old ad libitum-fed (OAL), and old on lifelong calorie restriction (OCR). The OCR group was included to distinguish between aging per se and age-related changes in body fat distribution. IL induced marked insulin resistance in both YAL and OCR, but the onset of insulin resistance was approximately two to three times more rapid in OCR as compared with YAL. In response to IL infusion, plasminogen-activating inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression was increased in subcutaneous fat from OAL animals. In visceral fat, a marked increase in PAI-1 and interleukin-6 expression was observed in OAL and OCR rats, but not YAL, in response to IL treatment. Thus, aging per se increases the inflammatory response to excess nutrients and vulnerability to FFA-induced insulin resistance with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine H Einstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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21
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Mazzatti DJ, Smith MA, Oita RC, Lim FL, White AJ, Reid MB. Muscle unloading-induced metabolic remodeling is associated with acute alterations in PPARδ and UCP-3 expression. Physiol Genomics 2008; 34:149-61. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00281.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of physiological changes follow prolonged skeletal muscle unloading as occurs in spaceflight, bed rest, and hindlimb suspension (HLS) and also in aging. These include muscle atrophy, fiber type switching, and loss of the ability to switch between lipid and glucose usage, or metabolic inflexibility. The signaling and genomic events that precede these physiological manifestations have not been investigated in detail, particularly in regard to loss of metabolic flexibility. Here we used gene arrays to determine the effects of 24-h HLS on metabolic remodeling in mouse muscle. Acute unloading resulted in differential expression of a number of transcripts in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle, including many involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. These include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In contrast to Ppar-α and Ppar-γ, which were downregulated by acute HLS, Ppar-δ was upregulated concomitant with increased expression of its downstream target, uncoupling protein-3 ( Ucp-3). However, differential expression of Ppar-δ was both acute and transient in nature, suggesting that regulation of PPARδ may represent an adaptive, compensatory response aimed at regulating fuel utilization and maintaining metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J. Mazzatti
- Unilever Corporate Research, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa A. Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Radu C. Oita
- Unilever Corporate Research, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fei-Ling Lim
- Unilever Measurement Sciences, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. White
- Unilever Measurement Sciences, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Reid
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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22
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Bassami M, Ahmadizad S, Doran D, MacLaren DPM. Effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat metabolism in trained and untrained older males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 101:525-32. [PMID: 17724610 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.7+/-4.7 years) and six untrained (63.5+/-4.5 years) healthy males performed three 30 min trials on a cycle ergometer at 50, 60 and 70% VO2max and two other trials at 60 and 70% VO2max in which the total energy expenditure was equal to that for 30 min at 50% VO2max Respiratory measures were undertaken throughout the exercise and blood samples taken before and immediately after each trial. Statistical analyses revealed a significant effect of exercise intensity on fat oxidation when the exercise durations were equated as well as when the energy expenditure was held constant for the three trials, though no training effect was noted. Total carbohydrate oxidation increased significantly with exercise intensity (P<0.05) and with training. Significantly higher levels of non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol were observed for trained compared with untrained though not for B-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH) or insulin. No differences in NEFA, glycerol, 3-OH were evident for increases in exercise intensity. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation are significantly affected by exercise intensity in elderly males, although only CHO oxidation is influenced by training. Furthermore, training-induced increases in the availability of NEFA and glycerol are not associated with an increase in fat oxidation, rather an increase in CHO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Bassami
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK
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23
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Roberts SB, Rosenberg I. Nutrition and Aging: Changes in the Regulation of Energy Metabolism With Aging. Physiol Rev 2006; 86:651-67. [PMID: 16601270 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in energy regulation occur during normal aging and contribute to the common phenomenon of weight and fat losses late in life. This review synthesizes data on aging-related changes in energy intake and energy expenditure and on the regulation of energy intake and expenditure. The ability of older adults to accurately regulate energy intake is impaired, with a number of possible explanations including delayed rate of absorption of macronutrients secondary to reductions in taste and smell acuity and numerous hormonal and metabolic mediators of energy regulation that change with aging. There are also changes in patterns of dietary intake and a reduction in the variety of foods consumed in old age that are thought to further reduce energy intake. Additionally, all components of energy expenditure decrease with aging, in particular energy expenditure for physical activity and basal metabolic rate, and the ability of energy expenditure to increase or decrease to attenuate energy imbalance during overeating or undereating also decreases. Combined, these changes result in an increased susceptibility to energy imbalance (both positive and negative) in old age that is associated with deteriorations in health. Practical interventions for prevention of weight and fat fluctuations in old age are anticipated here based on emerging knowledge of the role of such factors as dietary variety, taste, and palatability in late-life energy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Roberts
- The Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Tucker MZ, Turcotte LP. Aging is associated with elevated muscle triglyceride content and increased insulin-stimulated fatty acid uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285:E827-35. [PMID: 12783776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00222.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the utilization of fatty acids (FA) and muscle substrates by skeletal muscle in young, middle-aged, and old adult rats under hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic conditions. Male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats aged 5, 15, or 24 mo underwent hindlimb perfusion with a medium of 20 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 1,000 microU/ml insulin, [1-14C]palmitate, and [3-3H]glucose. Glucose uptake and palmitate delivery were similar among age groups. Palmitate uptake and oxidation as well as muscle protein concentration of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPPM) were significantly increased (P < or = 0.05) in 24- vs. 5- and 15-mo-old animals. Compared with 5- and 15-mo-old animals, pre- and postperfusion muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated 72-145% in red and 112-129% in white muscles of 24-mo-old animals. Palmitate uptake was associated with total preperfusion TG concentration (r2 = 0.27, P < 0.05) and total TG synthesis rate (r2 = 0.68, P < 0.05). These results indicate that, under insulin-stimulated conditions, FA uptake is significantly increased in old animals, which is associated with increased rates of TG synthesis and may contribute to the accumulation of TG in muscle of old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Z Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Wy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA.
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25
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Tucker MZ, Turcotte LP. Impaired fatty acid oxidation in muscle of aging rats perfused under basal conditions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282:E1102-9. [PMID: 11934676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00175.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the utilization of fatty acids (FA) and muscle substrates by skeletal muscle in young, middle-aged, and old adult rats under conditions of euglycemia with low insulin levels. Male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats aged 5, 15, or 24 mo underwent hindlimb perfusion with a medium of 8 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 25 microU/ml insulin, [1-(14)C]palmitate, and [3-(3)H]glucose. Glucose and palmitate uptake were similar among age groups. The percent and total palmitate oxidized (nmol.min(-1).g(-1)) were 30-36 and 41-49% lower (P < 0.05) in 15-mo- and 24-mo-old than in 5-mo-old animals. Compared with 5-mo- and 15-mo-old animals, pre- and postperfusion muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated 91-305% in red and 118-219% in white muscles of 24-mo-old animals. Fatty acid-binding protein content was 40-64% higher (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo- or 15-mo-old animals. In red muscle, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) content was 28% lower (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo-old animals. These results indicate that, under euglycemic conditions in the presence of low insulin levels, the reduction in FA disposal to oxidation and the decrease in HSL content may contribute to the accumulation of TG in muscle of old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Z Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology and Diabetes Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Barazzoni R, Nair KS. Changes in uncoupling protein-2 and -3 expression in aging rat skeletal muscle, liver, and heart. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 280:E413-9. [PMID: 11171595 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.3.e413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and -3 mediate mitochondrial (mt) proton leak in vitro and are potential regulators of energy expenditure and ATP production. Aging is associated with alteration of tissue functions, suggesting impaired mtATP production. To determine whether age-related changes in UCP expression occur, we measured the transcript levels of UCP-2 and -3 in skeletal muscle, liver, and heart in 6- and 27-mo-old rats. UCP-2 transcripts were higher in old animals in the white (+100%) and red (+70%, both P < 0.04) gastrocnemius muscle and in the liver (+300%, P < 0.03), whereas they were comparable in the heart in both age groups. UCP-2 transcript levels correlated positively with mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase transcripts normalized for mtDNA (P < 0.01) and negatively with mtDNA copy number (P < 0.001). UCP-3 transcripts were lower in the less oxidative white (-50%, P < 0.04) and unchanged in the more oxidative red (-15%, P = 0.41) gastrocnemius muscle in old animals. Similar changes at protein level were confirmed by UCP-2 protein in aging liver (+300%, P < 0.01) and UCP-2 (+85%, P < 0.05) and UCP-3 (-30%, P = 0.4) protein in aging mixed gastrocnemius muscle. Aging is thus associated with tissue-specific changes of UCP-2 and -3 gene expression. Increased UCP-2 expression may limit ATP production and is related to mitochondrial gene expression in aging muscles and liver. Different age-related changes may reflect differential regulation of UCP-2 and -3 in skeletal muscle. The current data suggest a potential role of uncoupling proteins to alter energy production in aging tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barazzoni
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Morio B, Hocquette JF, Montaurier C, Boirie Y, Bouteloup-Demange C, McCormack C, Fellmann N, Beaufrère B, Ritz P. Muscle fatty acid oxidative capacity is a determinant of whole body fat oxidation in elderly people. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 280:E143-9. [PMID: 11120668 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.1.e143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In sedentary elderly people, a reduced muscle fatty acid oxidative capacity (MFOC) may explain a decrease in whole body fat oxidation. Eleven sedentary and seven regularly exercising subjects (65.6 +/- 4. 5 yr) were characterized for their aerobic fitness [maximal O(2) uptake (VO(2 max))/kg fat free mass (FFM)] and their habitual daily physical activity level [free-living daily energy expenditure divided by sleeping metabolic rate (DEE(FLC)/SMR)]. MFOC was determined by incubating homogenates of vastus lateralis muscle with [1-(14)C]palmitate. Whole body fat oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry over 24 h. MFOC was 40.4 +/- 14.7 and 44.3 +/- 16.3 nmol palmitate. g wet tissue(-1). min(-1) in the sedentary and regularly exercising individuals, respectively (P = nonsignificant). MFOC was positively correlated with DEE(FLC)/SMR (r = 0.58, P < 0. 05) but not with VO(2 max)/kg FFM (r = 0.35, P = nonsignificant). MFOC was the main determinant of fat oxidation during all time periods including physical activity. Indeed, MFOC explained 19.7 and 30.5% of the variance in fat oxidation during walking and during the alert period, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MFOC explained 23.0% of the variance in fat oxidation over 24 h (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, in elderly people, MFOC may be influenced more by overall daily physical activity than by regular exercising. MFOC is a major determinant of whole body fat oxidation during physical activities and, consequently, over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morio
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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