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Evtyugin DD, Evtuguin DV, Casal S, Domingues MR. Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6526. [PMID: 37764302 PMCID: PMC10535520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) are cholesterol-like terpenoids widely spread in the kingdom Plantae. Being the target of extensive research for more than a century, PS have topped with evidence of having beneficial effects in healthy subjects and applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, many gaps in several fields of PS's research still hinder their widespread practical applications. In fact, many of the mechanisms associated with PS supplementation and their health benefits are still not fully elucidated. Furthermore, compared to cholesterol data, many complex PS chemical structures still need to be fully characterized, especially in oxidized PS. On the other hand, PS molecules have also been the focus of structural modifications for applications in diverse areas, including not only the above-mentioned but also in e.g., drug delivery systems or alternative matrixes for functional foods and fats. All the identified drawbacks are also superimposed by the need of new PS sources and technologies for their isolation and purification, taking into account increased environmental and sustainability concerns. Accordingly, current and future trends in PS research warrant discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Evtyugin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Gangadhara RM, Gowda SGB, Gowda D, Inui K, Hui SP. Lipid Composition Analysis and Characterization of Acyl Sterol Glycosides in Adzuki and Soybean Cultivars by Non-Targeted LC-MS. Foods 2023; 12:2784. [PMID: 37509876 PMCID: PMC10379096 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Beans, a globally significant economic and nutritional food crop, are rich in polyphenolic chemicals with potential health advantages, providing high protein, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, studies on the global profiling of lipids in beans are limited. We applied a non-targeted lipidomic approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) to comprehensively profile and compare the lipids in six distinct bean cultivars, namely, adzuki red beans-adzuki cultivar (ARB-AC), adzuki red beans-Benidainagon cultivar (ARB-BC), adzuki red beans-Erimoshouzu cultivar (ARB-EC), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2021 (SB-FC21), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2022 (SB-FC22), and soybean-Oosuzu cultivar (SB-OC). MS/MS analysis defined 144 molecular species from four main lipid groups. Multivariate principal component analysis indicated unique lipid compositions in the cultivars except for ARB-BC and ARB-EC. Evaluation of the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio among all the cultivars showed that SB-FC21 and SB-FC22 had the highest value, suggesting they are the most beneficial for health. Furthermore, lipids such as acyl sterol glycosides were detected and characterized for the first time in these bean cultivars. Hierarchical cluster correlations revealed the predominance of ceramides in ARB-EC, lysophospholipids in SB-FC21, and glycerophospholipids in SB-OC. This study comprehensively investigated lipids and their compositions in beans, indicating their potential utility in the nutritional evaluation of beans as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana M Gangadhara
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ken Inui
- HIRYU Co., Ltd., Chuo-Cho 2-32, Kashiwa-shi 277-0021, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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3
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Ren J, Kimutai F, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum (Plantaginaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115695. [PMID: 36108894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (Plantaginaceae) is a multifunctional plant in China and other parts of the continent. It has traditionally been used in the treatment of ascites, edema, blood stasis, pain relief, chronic nephritis injury, fever, cough, headache, arthritis, dysentery, rheumatism, pleural effusion, liver damage, and other disorders. Although research has confirmed that the genus Veronicastrum contain many active compounds, no review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry or pharmacology has been conducted to date. AIM This review aims to systematically evaluate the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum, discuss its medicinal potential, modern scientific research, and the relationship between them, and put forward some suggestions to promote further development and utilization of Veronicastrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological data related to the genus Veronicastrum from 1955 to date was compiled by surveying the ethnomedicinal books and published papers, and searching the online databases including Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Science Direct, Web of Science and World Flora Online. RESULTS Species of the genus Veronicastrum are widely used in folkloric medicine and some of their uses have been confirmed in modern pharmacological activities. A total of 89 chemical constituents have been isolated from the genus Veronicastrum, including flavonoids, carbohydrates, iridoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, phenolic acids, and other constituents. Among the compounds isolated, iridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids are responsible for the biological activities of this genus with significant pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. The extracts and compounds isolated from this genus have been reported to contain a wide range of pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, gastro protective, and antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION The genus Veronicastrum is not only a great herbal remedy, but also has numerous bioactive chemicals with potential for new drug discovery. In the literature, phytochemical investigations have been undertaken on five species. Detailed scientific research is still needed to fully understand this genus. Furthermore, its bioactive chemicals' structure-activity connection, in vivo activity, and mechanism of action ought to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Muguci Njire
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Ren J, Kimutai F, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum (Plantaginaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115695. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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5
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Tsibranska-Gyoreva S, Petkov V, Katev V, Krastev D, Vinarov Z, Tcholakova S. Cholesterol solubilization: interplay between phytosterols, saponins and lipid digestion products. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Simultaneous analysis of free phytosterols and phytosterol glycosides in rice bran by SPE/GC–MS. Food Chem 2022; 387:132742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Hu Y, Ma C, Liu J, Bai G, Guo S, Wang T. Synthesis, Physical Properties, and In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Hydrophilic β-Sitosterol Sugar Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8458-8468. [PMID: 35786884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic β-sitosterol sugar esters were synthesized by a two-step biocatalytic approach using β-sitosterol vinyl adipate as an intermediate. The maximum conversion (above 90%) of β-sitosterol vinyl adipate was achieved using the saccharides glucose, sucrose, and raffinose. The chemical structure of the synthesized esters was confirmed by various techniques. The investigation of physical properties revealed that β-sitosterol sugar esters had enhanced water solubility (3.0-8.0 mM at 35 °C), reduced crystallinity, and high wettability. Their lyotropic liquid crystal properties were observed by polarized light microscopy. Furthermore, β-sitosterol sugar esters could be hydrolyzed into β-sitosterol adipate under simulated intestinal conditions at a low rate (2.83-18.14%). Most β-sitosterol sugar esters probably entered into intestinal bile salt micelles with ester bonds intact and showed up to 10-fold higher in vitro bioaccessibility than free β-sitosterol in non-fat systems. The excellent physical and functional characteristics of β-sitosterol sugar esters suggested their great potential application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuanguo Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
- Institute of Grain and Oil Standardization, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shujing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
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Song W, Zhang C, Wu J, Qi J, Hua X, Kang L, Yuan Q, Yuan J, Xue Z. Characterization of Three Paris polyphylla Glycosyltransferases from Different UGT Families for Steroid Functionalization. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1669-1680. [PMID: 35286065 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant steroid glycosides, such as phytosterol glycosides, steroidal saponins, and steroidal glycoalkaloids, are natural products with great pharmaceutical values. In this study, we characterized three UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the glycosylation of steroidal sapogenin from Paris polyphylla. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that UGT73CR1 could glycosylate steroidal sapogenins and steroidal alkaloids, with the highest affinity for diosgenin. The residues His27 and Asp129 of UGT73CR1 are conserved in corresponding positions of plant glycosyltransferases, which are crucial for activating the C-3 OH of the receptor substrates. In comparison, UGT80A33 and UGT80A34 exhibited a higher affinity for cholesterol than other steroids. UGT80s have a larger active pocket, which allows them to accommodate the side chain of sterols. In summary, we assessed three P. polyphylla glycosyltransferases from two UGT families for the functionalization of steroidal molecules, which will provide a basis for the future biomanufacturing of diverse bioactive steroid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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Xia X, Ren M, He WS, Jia C, Zhang X. The preparation of phytosteryl succinyl sucrose esters and improvement of their water solubility and emulsifying properties. Food Chem 2022; 373:131501. [PMID: 34763932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols have gained much attention due to their outstanding cholesterol-reducing effect, while the insolubility in water limits their application. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel hydrophilic phytosteryl derivatives-phytosteryl succinyl sucrose esters (PSSEs) and investigated their water solubility and emulsifying properties. PSSEs were synthesized by esterifying phytosterol hemisuccinates with sucrose through a mild chemical reaction. PSSEs were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The yield of PSSEs exceeded 84% in N,N-dimethylformamide for 36 h of reaction under the selected conditions: 100 mmol/L phytosteryl hemisuccinates, 150 mmol/L sucrose, 110 mmol/L 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochlide, 10 mmol/L 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 10 mmol/L p-toluenesulfonic acid. The water insolubility of phytosterols was overcome and the water solubility of PSSEs achieved 2.13 mg/mL. The emulsifying activity of PSSEs was 2.5 times that of phytosterols, reaching 0.95 mg/mL. PSSEs with better water solubility and emulsification properties could facilitate the widespread use of phytosterols in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingxing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chengsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Nutritional, Medicinal, and Cosmetic Value of Bioactive Compounds in Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus): A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are vital to numerous industrial and household processes, especially producing cheeses, beer, wine, and bread, and they are accountable for breaking down organic matter. The remarkable medicinal and nutritional values of the mushrooms have increased their consumption. Agaricus bisporus belongs to the Agaricaceae family, and it is a top-ranked cultivated mushroom that is well known for its edibility. A. bisporus is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, and minerals and has potential anticancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation properties. The bioactive compounds extracted from this mushroom can be used for the treatment of several common human diseases including cancer, bacterial and fungal infections, diabetes, heart disorder, and skin problems. A. bisporus has opened new horizons for the world to explore mushrooms as far as their culinary and medicinal values are concerned. In recent years, tyrosinase and ergothioneine have been extracted from this mushroom, which has made this mushroom worth considering more for nutritional and medicinal purposes. To emphasize various aspects of A. bisporus, a comprehensive review highlighting the nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic values and finding out the research gaps is presented. In this way, it would be possible to improve the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds in A. bisporus, ultimately contributing to the discovery of new drugs and the responsible mechanisms. In the present review, we summarize the latest advancements regarding the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic properties of A. bisporus. Moreover, research gaps with future research directions are also discussed.
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11
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Matsuzaki K, Shido O, Yoshino K. The journey from white rice to ultra-high hydrostatic pressurized brown rice: an excellent endeavor for ideal nutrition from staple food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1502-1520. [PMID: 33190522 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1844138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although brown rice (BR) contains significantly higher levels of nutrients than the traditionally used polished white rice (WR), its consumption among the population is still not noteworthy. WR and BR are essentially same grain. The only difference between the two is the application of an exhaustive milling procedure during the processing of WR that removes all other layers of the grain except the portion of its white endosperm. BR, on the other hand, is prepared by removing only the outer hull of the rice seed. Thus, in addition to its inner endosperm, the bran and germ are also left on the BR. Hence, BR retains all its nutrients, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins, minerals, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) packed into the bran and germ of the seed. Since BR tastes nutty and takes longer to cook than WR, it is not appreciated by the consumers. However, these problems have been circumvented using non-thermal ultra-high hydrostatic pressure (UHHP)-processing for the treatment of BR. A superior modification in the physicochemical and functional qualities of UHHPBR, along with its ability to curb human diseases may make it a more palatable and nutritious choice of rice over WR or the untreated-BR. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism by which UHHP treatment leads to the modification of nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and fibers. We have focused on the effects of rice on cell and animal models of different conditions such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension and the possible mechanisms. Finally, we have emphasized the effects of UHHPBR in human cases with rare conditions such as osteoporosis and brain cognition - two age-related degenerative diseases of the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.,Departmnet of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Characterization and determination of free phytosterols and phytosterol conjugates: The potential phytochemicals to classify different rice bran oil and rice bran. Food Chem 2020; 344:128624. [PMID: 33248841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are important beneficial compounds found in rice bran (RB) and rice bran oil (RBO). Although relationships have been confirmed between the forms of phytosterols and their bioactivities, the analysis of different forms of phytosterols in RB and RBO has been lacking. In this study, high temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HTGC-MS) was combined with the single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) method to determine free sterols (FSs) and steryl glycosides (SGs) in RB and RBO. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine steryl ferulates (SFs). There was clear variation in the composition of FS, SF and SG, indicating that different forms of phytosterols can discriminate between different RB and RBO. The developed method may be also useful for the detection of other compounds of interest in oils, oil seeds or cereals.
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13
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Potentials of Musa Species Fruits against Oxidative Stress-Induced and Diet-Linked Chronic Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Implications of Micronutritional Factors and Dietary Secondary Metabolite Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5036. [PMID: 33142997 PMCID: PMC7663138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional quality and the well-being of the body system are directly linked aspects of human survival. From the unborn foetus to adulthood, the need for sustainable access to micronutrient-rich foods is pertinent and the global consumption of banana and plantain fruits, in effect, contributes to the alleviation of the scourge of malnutrition. This review is particularly aimed at evaluating the pharmacological dimensions through the biological mechanisms of Musa fruits in the body, which represent correlations with their constituent micronutrient factors and dietary polyphenolic constituents such as minerals, vitamin members, anthocyanins, lutein, α-,β- carotenes, neoxanthins and cryptoxanthins, epi- and gallo catechins, catecholamines, 3-carboxycoumarin, β-sitosterol, monoterpenoids, with series of analytical approaches for the various identified compounds being highlighted therein. Derivative value-products from the compartments (flesh and peel) of Musa fruits are equally highlighted, bringing forth the biomedicinal and nutritional relevance, including the potentials of Musa species in dietary diversification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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Kang J, Cao D. Optimization of the silica-gel adsorption technique for the extraction of phytosterol glycosides from soybean lecithin powder using response surface methodology and artificial neural network models. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1971-1982. [PMID: 32529719 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterol glycosides (PGs), comprising both acylated steryl glycosides (ASGs) and steryl glycosides (SGs), are active ingredients with benefits for human use. Here, we aimed to optimize the silica-gel adsorption technique for the extraction of PGs from soybean lecithin powder, which contains 5 to 10% of these glycolipids. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to optimize the PG extraction parameters (X1 = silica-gel dosage, X2 = adsorption temperature, and X3 = lecithin concentration) for high-purity phospholipid and PG production, and their prediction and optimization accuracies were compared. Although both models fitted well with the experimental data, the ANN model demonstrated better accuracy for predicting and optimizing the conditions using four interrelated dependent variables (Y1 = phospholipid yield, Y2 = ASG recovery, Y3 = SG recovery, and Y4 = PG purity) and had a higher coefficient of determination and lower root mean square error and absolute average deviation. After digitally setting the percentages of the four dependent variables for phospholipid and PG production, the ANN-optimized phospholipid product (Y1 = 88.07%, Y2 = 98.89%, Y3 = 100%, and Y4 = 49.03%) was acquired at X1 = 3.54 g/g, X2 = 26 °C, and X3 = 43 mg/mL, whereas the PG product (Y1 = 83.83%, Y2 = 97.64%, Y3 = 100%, and Y4 = 59.21%) was obtained at X1 = 2.00 g/g, X2 = 28.38 °C, and X3 = 41 mg/mL. In conclusion, the ANN method was better than RSM for the optimization of the silica-gel adsorption technique for PG extraction from soybean lecithin powder. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization of the industrial production of phytosterol glycosides and the comprehensive utilization of lecithin resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
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Feng S, Belwal T, Li L, Limwachiranon J, Liu X, Luo Z. Phytosterols and their derivatives: Potential health‐promoting uses against lipid metabolism and associated diseases, mechanism, and safety issues. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1243-1267. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light IndustryZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food SciencesZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Hangzhou 311300 People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research InstituteZhejiang University Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
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16
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Kytidou K, Artola M, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:357. [PMID: 32318081 PMCID: PMC7154165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain numerous glycoconjugates that are metabolized by specific glucosyltransferases and hydrolyzed by specific glycosidases, some also catalyzing synthetic transglycosylation reactions. The documented value of plant-derived glycoconjugates to beneficially modulate metabolism is first addressed. Next, focus is given to glycosidases, the central theme of the review. The therapeutic value of plant glycosidases is discussed as well as the present production in plant platforms of therapeutic human glycosidases used in enzyme replacement therapies. The increasing knowledge on glycosidases, including structure and catalytic mechanism, is described. The novel insights have allowed the design of functionalized highly specific suicide inhibitors of glycosidases. These so-called activity-based probes allow unprecedented visualization of glycosidases cross-species. Here, special attention is paid on the use of such probes in plant science that promote the discovery of novel enzymes and the identification of potential therapeutic inhibitors and chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Kytidou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Sarkar M, Hossain S, Hussain J, Hasan M, Bhowmick S, Basunia MA, Hashimoto M. Cholesterol Lowering and Antioxidative Effect of Pregerminated Brown Rice in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S93-S99. [PMID: 31619656 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregerminated brown rice (GBR) is assumed to be more beneficial than polished white rice (WR), with regard to nutrition and cardiovascular health. To support this with scientific evidence, cholesterol-lowering and antioxidative effects of GBR were studied in the present investigation. The most popular rice variety in Bangladesh BIRI-29 was used to prepare GBR and WR. Initially, we analyzed the proximate composition, antioxidative phytochemicals, in vitro 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging ability and anti-hemolytic effects of GBR. To examine the dietary impact and possible benefits of the GBR, experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemic (HC, 1% cholesterol) rats were fed with GBR against WR for 12 wk. At the end, plasma total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fecal TC, and hepatic TC, lipid peroxide (LPO) and proinflammatory TNFα levels were determined. Relative to WR, GBR contained higher amounts of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, β-carotene and lycopene, and exhibited a stronger in vitro DPPH-free radical scavenging ability and antihemolytic potentials. Levels of plasma TC, LDL-C, TG, and hepatic TC and TG significantly decreased, while plasma HDL-C and fecal TC levels significantly increased in the GBR-fed HC-rats, indicating dietary GBR demonstrates a stronger antilipidemic effect than WR. The hepatic levels of LPO and TNFα also decreased (p<0.05) to a greater extent in GBR-fed HC-rats than those in the WR-fed rats. It is thus concluded that dietary GBR could be a natural treatment of hypercholesterolemia and related cardiovascular risk factors, and a source of antioxidants to reduce hemolysis and related anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzan Sarkar
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Jakir Hussain
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Sujan Bhowmick
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Mafroz Ahmed Basunia
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
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18
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Feng S, Wang L, Belwal T, Li L, Luo Z. Phytosterols extraction from hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) husk with a green direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method. Food Chem 2020; 315:126217. [PMID: 32007812 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method to optimize phytosterols extraction from hickory husk. Single factor experiments followed by a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken experiments were performed. The optimal extraction parameters were determined as: pH of 2.0, liquid-to-solid ratio of 17.12: 1 mL/g, and temperature of 55.81 °C. Practical experiments were carried out in triplicate, and subsequently yielded phytosterols of 912.452 ± 17.452 μg/g DW, in good consistence with the predicted extraction yield of 902.874 μg/g DW. The conductivity of the extract was also found to play effective role under direct citric acid hydrolysis and recorded 36.30 ± 1.08 μs/cm at optimum extraction condition. β-Sitosterol stigmasterol, campsterol, ergosterol and lupeol were detected as main PSs and triterpenoids in hickory husk using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. Finally, the comparison between direct hydrolysis extraction and traditional solvent extraction showed that this new method was more effective and eco-friendlier to extract both free and conjugated phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yuan C, Zhang X, Long X, Jin J, Jin R. Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:157. [PMID: 31351498 PMCID: PMC6661088 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hypolipidemic effect of phytosterols has been wildely recognized, but its application is limited due to its insolubility in water and low solubility in oil. In this study, β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acids and β-sitosterol self-microemulsions were prepared and their hypolipidemic effects on hyperlipidemia mice were studied. Methods Firstly, the mice were randomly divided into normal group and model group,they were fed with basic diet and high-fat diet for 70 days respectively. After high-fat model mice was successfully established, the model group was further divided into eight groups: HFD (high-fat diet feeding), SELA-TSO(8 ml/kg, SELA:700 mg/kg), TSO (8 ml/kg), SSSM (8 ml/kg,SS:700 mg/kg), NLSM (8 ml/kg), SSHT-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) and SS-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) groups, and treated with β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid, β-sitosterol self-microemulsion, commercial β-sitosterol health tablets and β-sitosterol powder for 35 days, respectively, and blank control groups were established. At the end of the treatment period, the blood lipid level, tissues, cholesterol and lipids in feces of mice in each group were investigated. Statistical and analytical data with SPSS 17.0 Software,statistical significance was set at p* < 0.05 and p** < 0.01 levels . Results The order of lowering blood lipid effect is listed as: SSSM> SELA-TSO > SSHT-TSO > SS-TSO, which shows that β-sitosterolself-microemulsion have the highest treatment effect among the experimental groups. Conclusions In this study, a new formulation of β-sitosterol was developed, and its hypolipidemic effect was investigated. The results showed that β-sitosterol self-microemulsion has a good blood lipid lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxun Yuan
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Long
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Risheng Jin
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
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20
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Kang J, Che Y, Yan N, Cao D. Evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of silica-gel adsorption to extract phytosterol glycosides from soybean lecithin powder. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4287-4295. [PMID: 30828812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean lecithin powders are good sources of phytosterol glucosides (PGs) containing acyl-sterylglycosides (ASGs) and sterylglucosides (SGs), but PG extraction from soybean lecithin powder is difficult due to the solubilizing property of phospolipids. To comprehensively utilize soybean lecithin resources, an evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of PG extraction by silica-gel adsorption was investigated in this article. RESULTS With high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the main experimental analysis method, software such as SIMICA and SPSS were applied to construct an evaluation system of PG extraction. Different from scores plot in SIMICA for distinguishing samples in chloroform from others, the loading plot and binary variant correlation analysis of all indicators in PG extraction were brought to confirm four evaluation indicators containing PG purity, ASG recovery, SG recovery and phospholipid recovery. In the factor impact analysis, four times elution from silica-gel sediment was enough to achieve a PG product with least reagent waste, while SPW in petroleum ether at 50 mg mL-1 with 1:3 silica-gel dosage (lecithin/silica-gel, w/w) was then determined as the optimum of single factors. CONCLUSION All studies in this article were of great significance, as they laid foundations for research of PG extraction procedure, as well as PG industrial production, facilitating the comprehensive utilization of lecithin resources. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Che
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yan
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Kang J, Yin R, Cao D. Molecular species determination of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in soybean lecithin powders. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1525-1532. [PMID: 30142252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in soybean lecithin powder are very important for the properties and functions of the materials that contain it. Oligosaccharides can trigger infusion reactions and color changes in soybean lecithin during medical injections; glycoconjugates in the form of glycolipids can also change the physical behavior of lecithin. The molecular components of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in soybean lecithin powder were studied in this paper. RESULTS Three oligosaccharides and 21 glycoconjugates were verified in soybean lecithin powders for the first time. Raffinose, sucrose, and stachyose were detected as the principal components of oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-one glycoconjugates, including four steryl glucosides (SG), 13 acyl steryl glucosides (ASG), one digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), one monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG), one glucocerebroside (Glucer), and one glucose palmitate were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and RP-UPLC-Q-TOF-ESI-MS. Glycoconjugates were constructed in soybean lecithin powder after separation by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and color reactions. CONCLUSION The determination of molecular species of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates provided a new direction for the exploration of novel functions and uses of soybean lecithin powder. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Ru Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, Oil and Plant Protein Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Vázquez L, Corzo-Martínez M, Arranz-Martínez P, Barroso E, Reglero G, Torres C. Bioactive Lipids. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Stonik VA, Stonik IV. Sterol and Sphingoid Glycoconjugates from Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E514. [PMID: 30563009 PMCID: PMC6315552 DOI: 10.3390/md16120514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are well known as primary producers in the hydrosphere. As sources of natural products, microalgae are attracting major attention due to the potential of their practical applications as valuable food constituents, raw material for biofuels, drug candidates, and components of drug delivery systems. This paper presents a short review of a low-molecular-weight steroid and sphingolipid glycoconjugates, with an analysis of the literature on their structures, functions, and bioactivities. The discussed data on sterols and the corresponding glycoconjugates not only demonstrate their structural diversity and properties, but also allow for a better understanding of steroid biogenesis in some echinoderms, mollusks, and other invertebrates which receive these substances from food and possibly from their microalgal symbionts. In another part of this review, the structures and biological functions of sphingolipid glycoconjugates are discussed. Their role in limiting microalgal blooms as a result of viral infections is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Inna V Stonik
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Str, 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Li L, Feng Y, Hong Y, Lin X, Shen L. Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System for Bioactive Glycosides from Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1791-1824. [PMID: 30482025 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used in China for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The materials that exert a therapeutic effect are called the active ingredients. The bioactive glycosides are important active ingredients from TCM that can make significant contributions to treating diseases. Because of the possibilities of various clinical applications, the properties and administration of these bioactive glycosides deserve further investigation. Their promising treatment effects, however, are hindered by their poor solubility, poor stability and rapid elimination. Therefore, it is necessary that we improve the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive glycosides by overcoming these problems. Meanwhile, some practical design strategies and novel drug delivery vehicles based on drug delivery systems provide favorable support in clinical practice for these active ingredients. This review summarizes diverse pharmacological activities of bioactive glycosides and focuses on recent advances in delivery system for these active constitutes; in particular, some glycol glycosides can effectively cure intractable diseases through targeted drug delivery. This review elucidates some design strategies for drug delivery system that are mainly based on two methods (avoiding physical barriers by changing dosage forms and enhancing the ability to bind to receptors or proteins after administration) and indicate the current challenges during the combination of delivery vehicles and these glycosides in hopes of promoting the process of receiving ideal therapeutic efficacy of them in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- * School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- † Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation, Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- ‡ Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Health Service, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- * School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,† Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation, Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lan Shen
- * School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,† Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation, Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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25
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Münger LH, Boulos S, Nyström L. UPLC-MS/MS Based Identification of Dietary Steryl Glucosides by Investigation of Corresponding Free Sterols. Front Chem 2018; 6:342. [PMID: 30186828 PMCID: PMC6113793 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary plant foods are characterized by a vast molecular diversity of glycosylated sterols (SG) that differ in the structure of the steryl backbone. The identification of these polar steryl conjugates represents a major challenge as they are structurally highly similar, and commercial standards are limited to a few naturally abundant species. Spectral databases do not yet contain MS/MS spectra of these sterol conjugates obtained by electrospray ionization (ESI), which would facilitate their reliable identification. Thus, this study aimed at providing novel information on ESI-MS/MS spectra of both abundant and minor SG found in foods. As a first step, however, free sterols (FS) were investigated for their fragmentation behavior as they share the same intermediate ion as SG. Pure SG were obtained from commercially available standard mixtures and minor SG were extracted from different food sources (oat bran, wheat bran, pumpkin seeds, melon, rapeseeds, and potato peel). ESI-MS/MS spectra of 15 FS were assessed and fragment ions reflective of structural features were identified and rationalized. Subsequently, 14 SG were identified at four different levels, while relative retention times from chromatographic separation and spectral features of FS served to identify five SG. Spectral data from FS were directly transferable to SG when analyzed as aglycone ions as shown by similarity scores while SG were characterized by shorter retention times in reverse phase chromatography and the additional analysis as sodiated adduct confirmed their glycosidic nature. Moreover, we report for the first time the occurrence of 24-methylenecholesterol and a 4-monomethyl sterol as glycosidic conjugates in higher plants. The presented data will serve as a valuable tool for SG profiling of foods by facilitating their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Münger
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samy Boulos
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine: An efficacious approach for lipid metabolism disorders. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:200-211. [PMID: 29935947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched in the intractable diseases, such as asthma, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As an entirely new concept, add-on therapy of TCM has been also used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia via lowering cholesterol level. However, the efficacy of add-on therapy with TCM for mediating lipid metabolism disorders remains controversial. In this review, we summarize and provide strong evidence that add-on therapy of TCM as a novel approach is efficacious and safe for hyperlipidemia associated diseases based on the mediation of lipid metabolism disorders.
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Weiss S, Neu PM, Ludwig C, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Novel Method for the Synthesis of Cholesteryl Glucosides starting from Disaccharides. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Weiss
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
- Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry (Wood K Plus)Klagenfurter Straße 87‐899300 St. Veit/GlanAustria
| | - Philipp M. Neu
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Christopher Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Martin Mittelbach
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
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Aguirre A, Eberhardt F, Hails G, Cerminati S, Castelli ME, Rasia RM, Paoletti L, Menzella HG, Peiru S. The production, properties, and applications of thermostable steryl glucosidases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:40. [PMID: 29468428 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms are a rich source of enzymes, the enzymes which can serve as industrial catalysts that can withstand harsh processing conditions. An example is thermostable β-glucosidases that are addressing a challenging problem in the biodiesel industry: removing steryl glucosides (SGs) from biodiesel. Steryl glucosidases (SGases) must be tolerant to heat and solvents in order to function efficiently in biodiesel. The amphipathic nature of SGs also requires enzymes with an affinity for water/solvent interfaces in order to achieve efficient hydrolysis. Additionally, the development of an enzymatic process involving a commodity such as soybean biodiesel must be cost-effective, necessitating an efficient manufacturing process for SGases. This review summarizes the identification of microbial SGases and their applications, discusses biodiesel refining processes and the development of analytical methods for identifying and quantifying SGs in foods and biodiesel, and considers technologies for strain engineering and process optimization for the heterologous production of a SGase from Thermococcus litoralis. All of these technologies might be used for the production of other thermostable enzymes. Structural features of SGases and the feasibility of protein engineering for novel applications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Aguirre
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia Eberhardt
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hails
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Cerminati
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M Rasia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, predio CONICET, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Luciana Paoletti
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo G Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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29
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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30
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Lombardo L, Grasso F, Lanciano F, Loria S, Monetti E. Broad-Spectrum Health Protection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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31
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Plant-Based Beverages as Good Sources of Free and Glycosidic Plant Sterols. Nutrients 2017; 10:nu10010021. [PMID: 29286348 PMCID: PMC5793249 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the ever-growing group of health-conscious consumers, more and more nutritional and health claims are being used on food products. Nevertheless, only very few food constituents, including plant sterols, have been appointed an approved health claim (European Commission and Food and Drugs Administration). Plant sterols are part of those limited lists of approved compounds for their cholesterol-lowering properties but have been praised for their anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties as well. Despite this indisputable reputation, direct quantitative data is still lacking for naturally present (conjugated) plant sterols in beverages. This study aimed to fill this gap by applying a validated extraction and UPLC-MS/MS detection method to a diverse range of everyday plant-based beverages. β-sitosterol-β-d-glucoside (BSSG) showed to be by far the most abundant sterol in all beverages studied, with concentrations up to 60-90 mg per 100 mL in plant-based milk alternatives and fresh fruit juices. Ergosterol (provitamin D₂) could be found in beers (0.8-6.1 µg per 100 mL, from the yeast) and occasionally in juices (17-29 µg per 100 mL). Overall, the results demonstrated that the concentrations of water-soluble sterol conjugates have been underestimated significantly and that specific plant-based beverages can be good, low-fat sources of these plant sterols.
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32
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Xie M, Zhao H. A Novel Method for Extracting Steryl Glucosides From Soy Lecithin. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Xie
- School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
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33
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Olaiya CO, Soetan KO, Esan AM. The role of nutraceuticals, functional foods and value added food products in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2015.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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34
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Affeldt RF, Santos FP, da Silva RS, Rodrigues OED, Wessjohann LA, Lüdtke DS. Stereoselective glycoconjugation of steroids with selenocarbohydrates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A methodology that brings together sugar and steroid scaffolds linked by a selenium atom is discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. Affeldt
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
| | - Francisco P. Santos
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diogo S. Lüdtke
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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35
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Jäger SN, Mittelbach M, Cabrera R, Labadie GR. Simple method for high purity acylated steryl glucosides synthesis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián N. Jäger
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
| | | | - Rodolfo Cabrera
- UnitecBio; Quebracho S/N PB; Puerto General San Martín, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Guillermo R. Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
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36
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Feng S, Liu S, Luo Z, Tang K. Direct saponification preparation and analysis of free and conjugated phytosterols in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2015; 181:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lorent JH, Quetin-Leclercq J, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. The amphiphilic nature of saponins and their effects on artificial and biological membranes and potential consequences for red blood and cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:8803-22. [PMID: 25295776 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Saponins, amphiphiles of natural origin with numerous biological activities, are widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Some saponins exhibit relatively selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells but the tendency of saponins to induce hemolysis limits their anticancer potential. This review focused on the effects of saponin activity on membranes and consequent implications for red blood and cancer cells. This activity seems to be strongly related to the amphiphilic character of saponins that gives them the ability to self-aggregate and interact with membrane components such as cholesterol and phospholipids. Membrane interactions of saponins with artificial membrane models, red blood and cancer cells are reviewed with respect to their molecular structures. The review considered the mechanisms of these membrane interactions and their consequences including the modulation of membrane dynamics, interaction with membrane rafts, and membrane lysis. We summarized current knowledge concerning the mechanisms involved in the interactions of saponins with membrane lipids and examined the structure activity relationship of saponins regarding hemolysis and cancer cell death. A critical analysis of these findings speculates on their potential to further develop new anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Lorent
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology (FACM), Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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38
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Vanmierlo T, Bogie JF, Mailleux J, Vanmol J, Lütjohann D, Mulder M, Hendriks JJ. Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders? Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Münger LH, Nyström L. Enzymatic hydrolysis of steryl glycosides for their analysis in foods. Food Chem 2014; 163:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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In the ancient world, virgin olive oil was called “liquid gold” by Homer and “the great healer” by Hippocrates. Why has this mythic image been forgotten? Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Amir Shaghaghi M, Harding SV, Jones PJ. Water dispersible plant sterol formulation shows improved effect on lipid profile compared to plant sterol esters. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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42
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Chávez-Santoscoy RA, Tovar AR, Serna-Saldivar SO, Torres N, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA. Conjugated and free sterols from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats as cholesterol micelle disruptors and their effect on lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport in rat primary hepatocytes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:367. [PMID: 24292989 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been widely studied for their cholesterol-lowering effect. Conjugated phytosterol forms have been found more active than free moieties. There are no reports about the sterol profile of black bean seed coats neither its effects on cholesterol metabolism. The aim of this research was to identify and quantify phytosterols from black bean seed coats and to determine their effects on cholesterol micellar solubility and on mRNA and key protein levels involved in lipid/cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol transport in primary rat hepatocytes. Free phytosterols, acylated steryl glycosides, and steryl glycosides were extracted from black bean seed coats. They were identified through HPLC-MS-TOF and quantified through HPLC equipped with UV-visible and evaporative light-scattering detectors. Free and conjugated phytosterols from the coats significantly increased the inhibitory effect of cholesterol micelle formation compared with stigmasterol, which was used as control (P < 0.05). In addition, phytosterols of black bean seed coat decreased lipogenesis by the downregulation of lipogenic proteins such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in primary rat hepatocytes. Regarding β-oxidation, phytosterols upregulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and promoted the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. Phytosterols inhibited cholesterol micellar solubility and reduced the activation of the liver X receptor, decreasing hepatic FAS and promoting hepatic β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio A Chávez-Santoscoy
- Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Gómez-Coca RB, Pérez-Camino MDC, Moreda W. On the glucoside analysis: Simultaneous determination of free and esterified steryl glucosides in olive oil. Detailed analysis of standards as compulsory first step. Food Chem 2013; 141:1273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of Plant Sterols/Stanols Provided in Capsule and Tablet Formats: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:1494-1503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Murphy SA, Nicolaou A. Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1336-46. [PMID: 23729171 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle-related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition-related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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46
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Sakamoto S, Nakahara H, Shibata O. Miscibility Behavior of Sphingomyelin with Phytosterol Derivatives by a Langmuir Monolayer Approach. J Oleo Sci 2013; 62:809-24. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Meoni P, Restani P, Mancama DT. Review of existing experimental approaches for the clinical evaluation of the benefits of plant food supplements on cardiovascular function. Food Funct 2013; 4:856-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Imam MU, Ismail M, Omar AR, Ithnin H. The hypocholesterolemic effect of germinated brown rice involves the upregulation of the apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:134694. [PMID: 23671850 PMCID: PMC3647596 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is rich in bioactive compounds, which confer GBR with many functional properties. Evidence of its hypocholesterolemic effects is emerging, but the exact mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds involved have not been fully documented. Using type 2 diabetic rats, we studied the effects of white rice, GBR, and brown rice (BR) on lipid profile and on the regulation of selected genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Our results showed that the upregulation of apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes was involved in the hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR. Additionally, in vitro studies using HEPG2 cells showed that acylated steryl glycoside, gamma amino butyric acid, and oryzanol and phenolic extracts of GBR contribute to the nutrigenomic regulation of these genes. Transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms are likely involved in the overall hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR suggesting that it may have an impact on the prevention and/or management of hypercholesterolemia due to a wide variety of metabolic perturbations. However, there is need to conduct long-term clinical trials to determine the clinical relevance of the hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR determined through animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Umar Imam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- *Maznah Ismail:
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hairuszah Ithnin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Hass avocados, the most common commercial avocado cultivars in the world, contain a variety of essential nutrients and important phytochemicals. Although the official avocado serving is one-fifth of a fruit (30 g), according to NHANES analysis the average consumption is one-half an avocado (68 g), which provides a nutrient and phytochemical dense food consisting of the following: dietary fiber (4.6 g), total sugar (0.2 g), potassium (345 mg), sodium (5.5 mg), magnesium (19.5 mg), vitamin A (43 μg), vitamin C (6.0 mg), vitamin E (1.3 mg), vitamin K1 (14 μg), folate (60 mg), vitamin B-6 (0.2 mg), niacin (1.3 mg), pantothenic acid (1.0 mg), riboflavin (0.1 mg), choline (10 mg), lutein/zeaxanthin (185 μg), phytosterols (57 mg), and high-monounsaturated fatty acids (6.7 g) and 114 kcals or 1.7 kcal/g. The avocado oil consists of 71% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 13% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and 16% saturated fatty acids (SFA), which helps to promote healthy blood lipid profiles and enhance the bioavailability of fat soluble vitamins and phytochemicals from the avocado or other fruits and vegetables, naturally low in fat, which are consumed with avocados. There are eight preliminary clinical studies showing that avocado consumption helps support cardiovascular health. Exploratory studies suggest that avocados may support weight management and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions LLC, 900 S. Rainbow Ranch Road, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA.
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Dixit P, Chand K, Khan MP, Siddiqui JA, Tewari D, Ngueguim FT, Chattopadhyay N, Maurya R. Phytoceramides and acylated phytosterol glucosides from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. seed coat and their osteogenic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 81:117-125. [PMID: 22784550 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of seed coats of Pterospermum acerifolium afforded two phytoceramides (1, 2) and two acylated phytosterol glucosides (3, 4) together with five known compounds (5-9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis using 1D, 2D NMR and Mass spectrometry. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were assessed for their osteogenic activity using primary cultures of osteoblasts harvested from neonatal rat calvaria. Among these compounds, 1 and 2 markedly stimulated osteoblast differentiation assessed by alkaline phosphatase production and osteoblast mineralization by alizarin red-S staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Dixit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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