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Klein AP, Wolpin BM, Risch HA, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Mocci E, Zhang M, Canzian F, Childs EJ, Hoskins JW, Jermusyk A, Zhong J, Chen F, Albanes D, Andreotti G, Arslan AA, Babic A, Bamlet WR, Beane-Freeman L, Berndt SI, Blackford A, Borges M, Borgida A, Bracci PM, Brais L, Brennan P, Brenner H, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Buring J, Campa D, Capurso G, Cavestro GM, Chaffee KG, Chung CC, Cleary S, Cotterchio M, Dijk F, Duell EJ, Foretova L, Fuchs C, Funel N, Gallinger S, M Gaziano JM, Gazouli M, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goggins M, Goodman GE, Goodman PJ, Hackert T, Haiman C, Hartge P, Hasan M, Hegyi P, Helzlsouer KJ, Herman J, Holcatova I, Holly EA, Hoover R, Hung RJ, Jacobs EJ, Jamroziak K, Janout V, Kaaks R, Khaw KT, Klein EA, Kogevinas M, Kooperberg C, Kulke MH, Kupcinskas J, Kurtz RJ, Laheru D, Landi S, Lawlor RT, Lee IM, LeMarchand L, Lu L, Malats N, Mambrini A, Mannisto S, Milne RL, Mohelníková-Duchoňová B, Neale RE, Neoptolemos JP, Oberg AL, Olson SH, Orlow I, Pasquali C, Patel AV, Peters U, Pezzilli R, Porta M, Real FX, Rothman N, Scelo G, Sesso HD, Severi G, Shu XO, Silverman D, Smith JP, Soucek P, Sund M, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Tavano F, Thornquist MD, Tobias GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Vashist Y, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Wactawski-Wende J, Wang Z, Wentzensen N, White E, Yu H, Yu K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Kraft P, Li D, Chanock S, Obazee O, Petersen GM, Amundadottir LT. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies five new susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 29422604 PMCID: PMC5805680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, 146,063 deaths due to pancreatic cancer are estimated to occur in Europe and the United States combined. To identify common susceptibility alleles, we performed the largest pancreatic cancer GWAS to date, including 9040 patients and 12,496 controls of European ancestry from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Here, we find significant evidence of a novel association at rs78417682 (7p12/TNS3, P = 4.35 × 10-8). Replication of 10 promising signals in up to 2737 patients and 4752 controls from the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium yields new genome-wide significant loci: rs13303010 at 1p36.33 (NOC2L, P = 8.36 × 10-14), rs2941471 at 8q21.11 (HNF4G, P = 6.60 × 10-10), rs4795218 at 17q12 (HNF1B, P = 1.32 × 10-8), and rs1517037 at 18q21.32 (GRP, P = 3.28 × 10-8). rs78417682 is not statistically significantly associated with pancreatic cancer in PANDoRA. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis in three independent pancreatic data sets provides molecular support of NOC2L as a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erica J Childs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jason W Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amanda Blackford
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Michael Borges
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1×5, Canada
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lauren Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Julie Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sean Cleary
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1×5, Canada
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2L7, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Translational Research and The New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1×5, Canada
| | - J Michael M Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79, Athens, Greece
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Manal Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77230, USA
| | - Peter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1×5, Canada
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 701 03, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Olomouc, 771 47, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Robert J Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Loic LeMarchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncology Department, ASL1 Massa Carrara, Carrara, 54033, Italy
| | - Satu Mannisto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Beatrice Mohelníková-Duchoňová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelburg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35124, Padua, Italy
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Raffaele Pezzilli
- Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miquel Porta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Debra Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, 20057, USA
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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