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Blechter B, Wong JYY, Chien LH, Shiraishi K, Shu XO, Cai Q, Zheng W, Ji BT, Hu W, Rahman ML, Jiang HF, Tsai FY, Huang WY, Gao YT, Han X, Steinwandel MD, Yang G, Daida YG, Liang SY, Gomez SL, DeRouen MC, Diver WR, Reddy AG, Patel AV, Le Marchand L, Haiman C, Kohno T, Cheng I, Chang IS, Hsiung CA, Rothman N, Lan Q. Age at lung cancer diagnosis in females versus males who never smoke by race and ethnicity. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1286-1294. [PMID: 38388856 PMCID: PMC11014844 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterized age at diagnosis and estimated sex differences for lung cancer and its histological subtypes among individuals who never smoke. METHODS We analyzed the distribution of age at lung cancer diagnosis in 33,793 individuals across 8 cohort studies and two national registries from East Asia, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Student's t-tests were used to assess the study population differences (Δ years) in age at diagnosis comparing females and males who never smoke across subgroups defined by race/ethnicity, geographic location, and histological subtypes. RESULTS We found that among Chinese individuals diagnosed with lung cancer who never smoke, females were diagnosed with lung cancer younger than males in the Taiwan Cancer Registry (n = 29,832) (Δ years = -2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI):-2.5, -1.9), in Shanghai (n = 1049) (Δ years = -1.6 (95% CI:-2.9, -0.3), and in Sutter Health and Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i in the US (n = 82) (Δ years = -11.3 (95% CI: -17.7, -4.9). While there was a suggestion of similar patterns in African American and non-Hispanic White individuals. the estimated differences were not consistent across studies and were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of sex differences for age at lung cancer diagnosis among individuals who never smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Li-Hsin Chien
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hsin-Fang Jiang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijing Han
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark D Steinwandel
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yihe G Daida
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Sutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mindy C DeRouen
- Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Ananya G Reddy
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iona Cheng
- Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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2
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Haas CB, Chen H, Harrison T, Fan S, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Antoniou AC, Hall P, Czene K, Andrulis IL, Mulligan AM, Milne RL, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Garcia-Closas M, Ahearn T, Gierach GL, Haiman C, Maskarinec G, Couch FJ, Olson JE, John EM, Chenevix-Trench G, de Gonzalez AB, Jones M, Stone J, Murphy R, Aronson KJ, Wernli KJ, Hsu L, Vachon C, Tamimi RM, Lindström S. Disentangling the relationships of body mass index and circulating sex hormone concentrations in mammographic density using Mendelian randomization. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07306-w. [PMID: 38653906 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammographic density phenotypes, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), are strong predictors of breast cancer risk. BMI is associated with mammographic density measures, but the role of circulating sex hormone concentrations is less clear. We investigated the relationship between BMI, circulating sex hormone concentrations, and mammographic density phenotypes using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We applied two-sample MR approaches to assess the association between genetically predicted circulating concentrations of sex hormones [estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)], BMI, and mammographic density phenotypes (dense and non-dense area). We created instrumental variables from large European ancestry-based genome-wide association studies and applied estimates to mammographic density phenotypes in up to 14,000 women of European ancestry. We performed analyses overall and by menopausal status. RESULTS Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with non-dense area (IVW: β = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.58, 2.00; p = 9.57 × 10-63) and inversely associated with dense area (IVW: β = - 0.37; 95% CI = - 0.51,- 0.23; p = 4.7 × 10-7). We observed weak evidence for an association of circulating sex hormone concentrations with mammographic density phenotypes, specifically inverse associations between genetically predicted testosterone concentration and dense area (β = - 0.22; 95% CI = - 0.38, - 0.053; p = 0.009) and between genetically predicted estradiol concentration and non-dense area (β = - 3.32; 95% CI = - 5.83, - 0.82; p = 0.009), although results were not consistent across a range of MR approaches. CONCLUSION Our findings support a positive causal association between BMI and mammographic non-dense area and an inverse association between BMI and dense area. Evidence was weaker and inconsistent for a causal effect of circulating sex hormone concentrations on mammographic density phenotypes. Based on our findings, associations between circulating sex hormone concentrations and mammographic density phenotypes are weak at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Haas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela Foundation (FIDIS), SERGAS, Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Santiago, Spain
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Unidad de Oncología Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Prevision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geogia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Karen J Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Jin J, Zhan J, Zhang J, Zhao R, O'Connell J, Jiang Y, Buyske S, Gignoux C, Haiman C, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, North K, Koelsch BL, Wojcik G, Zhang H, Chatterjee N. MUSSEL: Enhanced Bayesian polygenic risk prediction leveraging information across multiple ancestry groups. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100539. [PMID: 38604127 PMCID: PMC11019365 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are now showing promising predictive performance on a wide variety of complex traits and diseases, but there exists a substantial performance gap across populations. We propose MUSSEL, a method for ancestry-specific polygenic prediction that borrows information in summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) across multiple ancestry groups via Bayesian hierarchical modeling and ensemble learning. In our simulation studies and data analyses across four distinct studies, totaling 5.7 million participants with a substantial ancestral diversity, MUSSEL shows promising performance compared to alternatives. For example, MUSSEL has an average gain in prediction R2 across 11 continuous traits of 40.2% and 49.3% compared to PRS-CSx and CT-SLEB, respectively, in the African ancestry population. The best-performing method, however, varies by GWAS sample size, target ancestry, trait architecture, and linkage disequilibrium reference samples; thus, ultimately a combination of methods may be needed to generate the most robust PRSs across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
| | | | - Jingning Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruzhang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Icahn Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | | | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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4
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Ochs-Balcom HM, Preus L, Du Z, Elston RC, Teerlink CC, Jia G, Guo X, Cai Q, Long J, Ping J, Li B, Stram DO, Shu XO, Sanderson M, Gao G, Ahearn T, Lunetta KL, Zirpoli G, Troester MA, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Haddad SA, Figueroa J, John EM, Bernstein L, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante S, Bandera EV, Ingles SA, Mancuso N, Press MF, Deming SL, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Yao S, Ogundiran TO, Ojengbede O, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Michailidou K, Pharoah PDP, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, Wang Q, O’Brien KM, Weinberg CR, Kitahara CM, Blot W, Nathanson KL, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Ambs S, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Bensen JT, Chanock SJ, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB, Olopade OI, the Ghana Breast Health Study Team, Conti DV, Palmer J, García-Closas M, Huo D, Zheng W, Haiman C. Novel breast cancer susceptibility loci under linkage peaks identified in African ancestry consortia. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:687-697. [PMID: 38263910 PMCID: PMC11000665 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansion of genome-wide association studies across population groups is needed to improve our understanding of shared and unique genetic contributions to breast cancer. We performed association and replication studies guided by a priori linkage findings from African ancestry (AA) relative pairs. METHODS We performed fixed-effect inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis under three significant AA breast cancer linkage peaks (3q26-27, 12q22-23, and 16q21-22) in 9241 AA cases and 10 193 AA controls. We examined associations with overall breast cancer as well as estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and negative subtypes (193,132 SNPs). We replicated associations in the African-ancestry Breast Cancer Genetic Consortium (AABCG). RESULTS In AA women, we identified two associations on chr12q for overall breast cancer (rs1420647, OR = 1.15, p = 2.50×10-6; rs12322371, OR = 1.14, p = 3.15×10-6), and one for ER-negative breast cancer (rs77006600, OR = 1.67, p = 3.51×10-6). On chr3, we identified two associations with ER-negative disease (rs184090918, OR = 3.70, p = 1.23×10-5; rs76959804, OR = 3.57, p = 1.77×10-5) and on chr16q we identified an association with ER-negative disease (rs34147411, OR = 1.62, p = 8.82×10-6). In the replication study, the chr3 associations were significant and effect sizes were larger (rs184090918, OR: 6.66, 95% CI: 1.43, 31.01; rs76959804, OR: 5.24, 95% CI: 1.70, 16.16). CONCLUSION The two chr3 SNPs are upstream to open chromatin ENSR00000710716, a regulatory feature that is actively regulated in mammary tissues, providing evidence that variants in this chr3 region may have a regulatory role in our target organ. Our study provides support for breast cancer variant discovery using prioritization based on linkage evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Leah Preus
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Zhaohui Du
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N. Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Robert C Elston
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North Mario Capecchi Dr, 3rd Floor North, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Guochong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 707 Light Hall 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr, Blvd. Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, L-7, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1860 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Stephen A Haddad
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, L-7, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Crewe Rd S, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3145 Porter Dr, Suite E223, MC 5393, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive Li Ka Shing Building, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, CRB 1511, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 120 Albany Street, Tower 2, 8th Floor, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Sandra L Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20894, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Temidayo O Ogundiran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Queen Elizabeth II Road, Ibadan, 200285, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, UCH, Queen Elizabeth II Road, Ibadan, 200285, Nigeria
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, 2371 Ayius Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Anselm Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Jemmotts Lane, Avalon, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Lara E Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 217 Lloyd M. Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | | | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Julie Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, L-7, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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5
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Justice AC, Tate JP, Howland F, Gaziano JM, Kelley MJ, McMahon B, Haiman C, Wadia R, Madduri R, Danciu I, Leppert JT, Leapman MS, Thurtle D, Gnanapragasam VJ. Adaption and National Validation of a Tool for Predicting Mortality from Other Causes Among Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(23)00289-4. [PMID: 38171965 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An electronic health record-based tool could improve accuracy and eliminate bias in provider estimation of the risk of death from other causes among men with nonmetastatic cancer. OBJECTIVE To recalibrate and validate the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Charlson Comorbidity Index (VACS-CCI) to predict non-prostate cancer mortality (non-PCM) and to compare it with a tool predicting prostate cancer mortality (PCM). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational cohort of men with biopsy-confirmed nonmetastatic prostate cancer, enrolled from 2001 to 2018 in the national US Veterans Health Administration (VA), was divided by the year of diagnosis into the development (2001-2006 and 2008-2018) and validation (2007) sets. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mortality (all cause, non-PCM, and PCM) was evaluated. Accuracy was assessed using calibration curves and C statistic in the development, validation, and combined sets; overall; and by age (<65 and 65+ yr), race (White and Black), Hispanic ethnicity, and treatment groups. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among 107 370 individuals, we observed 24 977 deaths (86% non-PCM). The median age was 65 yr, 4947 were Black, and 5010 were Hispanic. Compared with CCI and age alone (C statistic 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.68), VACS-CCI demonstrated improved validated discrimination (C statistic 0.75, 95% CI 0.74-0.75 for non-PCM). The prostate cancer mortality tool also discriminated well in validation (C statistic 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.83). Both were well calibrated overall and within subgroups. Owing to missing data, 18 009/125 379 (14%) were excluded, and VACS-CCI should be validated outside the VA prior to outside application. CONCLUSIONS VACS-CCI is ready for implementation within the VA. Electronic health record-assisted calculation is feasible, improves accuracy over age and CCI alone, and could mitigate inaccuracy and bias in provider estimation. PATIENT SUMMARY Veterans Aging Cohort Study Charlson Comorbidity Index is ready for application within the Veterans Health Administration. Electronic health record-assisted calculation is feasible, improves accuracy over age and Charlson Comorbidity Index alone, and might help mitigate inaccuracy and bias in provider estimation of the risk of non-prostate cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA; Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Janet P Tate
- VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frank Howland
- Wabash College Economics Department, Crawfordsville, IN, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kelley
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA; Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne Wadia
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Lab Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravi Madduri
- Data Science Learning Division, Argonne Research Library, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Ioana Danciu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Leapman
- VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Chan TF, Rui X, Conti DV, Fornage M, Graff M, Haessler J, Haiman C, Highland HM, Jung SY, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L, North KE, Tao R, Wojcik G, Gignoux CR, Chiang CWK, Mancuso N. Estimating heritability explained by local ancestry and evaluating stratification bias in admixture mapping from summary statistics. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1853-1862. [PMID: 37875120 PMCID: PMC10645552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The heritability explained by local ancestry markers in an admixed population (hγ2) provides crucial insight into the genetic architecture of a complex disease or trait. Estimation of hγ2 can be susceptible to biases due to population structure in ancestral populations. Here, we present heritability estimation from admixture mapping summary statistics (HAMSTA), an approach that uses summary statistics from admixture mapping to infer heritability explained by local ancestry while adjusting for biases due to ancestral stratification. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that HAMSTA hγ2 estimates are approximately unbiased and are robust to ancestral stratification compared to existing approaches. In the presence of ancestral stratification, we show a HAMSTA-derived sampling scheme provides a calibrated family-wise error rate (FWER) of ∼5% for admixture mapping, unlike existing FWER estimation approaches. We apply HAMSTA to 20 quantitative phenotypes of up to 15,988 self-reported African American individuals in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. We observe hˆγ2 in the 20 phenotypes range from 0.0025 to 0.033 (mean hˆγ2 = 0.012 ± 9.2 × 10-4), which translates to hˆ2 ranging from 0.062 to 0.85 (mean hˆ2 = 0.30 ± 0.023). Across these phenotypes we find little evidence of inflation due to ancestral population stratification in current admixture mapping studies (mean inflation factor of 0.99 ± 0.001). Overall, HAMSTA provides a fast and powerful approach to estimate genome-wide heritability and evaluate biases in test statistics of admixture mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Fung Chan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinyue Rui
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Nagata M, Tome A, White K, Wilkens LR, Park SY, Le Marchand L, Haiman C, Hernandez BY. No Association of Trichomonas vaginalis Seropositivity with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5194. [PMID: 37958367 PMCID: PMC10648031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship of Trichomonas vaginalis seropositivity with prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnoses. Incident cases of advanced prostate cancer (intermediate- to high-grade based on Gleason score ≥ 7 and/or disease spread outside the prostate) were matched to controls by age, ethnicity, and the date of blood collection. T. vaginalis serostatus was measured using an ELISA detecting IgG antibodies against a recombinant T. vaginalis α-actinin protein. Seropositivity to T. vaginalis was observed in 35 of 470 (7.4%) cases and 26 of 470 (5.5%) controls (unadjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.82-2.64; adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.67-2.53). The association was similarly not significant when cases were confined to extraprostatic tumors having regional or distant spread (n = 121) regardless of grade (unadjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.63-3.01; adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.46-3.11). The association of T. vaginalis with prostate cancer risk did not vary by aspirin use. Our findings do not support a role for T. vaginalis in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nagata
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Anne Tome
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Kami White
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Brenda Y. Hernandez
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (A.T.); (K.W.); (L.R.W.); (S.-Y.P.); (L.L.M.); (B.Y.H.)
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8
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Rebbeck T, Janivara R, Chen W, Hazra U, Baichoo S, Agalliu I, Kachambwa P, Simonti C, Brown L, Tambe S, Kim M, Harlemon M, Jalloh M, Muzondiwa D, Naidoo D, Ajayi O, Snyper N, Niang L, Diop H, Ndoye M, Mensah J, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Biritwum R, Adjei A, Adebiyi A, Shittu O, Ogunbiyi O, Adebayo S, Nwegbu M, Ajibola H, Oluwole O, Jamda M, Pentz A, Haiman C, Spies P, Van der Merwe A, Cook M, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Watya S, Lubwama A, Muchengeti M, Doherty S, Smyth N, Lounsbury D, Fortier B, Rohan T, Jacobson J, Neugut A, Hsing A, Gusev A, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach O, Joffe M, Adusei B, Gueye S, Fernandez P, McBride J, Andrews C, Petersen L, Lachance J. Heterogeneous genetic architectures and evolutionary genomics of prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3378303. [PMID: 37886553 PMCID: PMC10602179 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3378303/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Men of African descent have the highest prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rates, yet the genetic basis of CaP in African men has been understudied. We used genomic data from 3,963 CaP cases and 3,509 controls recruited in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, to infer ancestry-specific genetic architectures and fine-mapped disease associations. Fifteen independent associations at 8q24.21, 6q22.1, and 11q13.3 reached genome-wide significance, including four novel associations. Intriguingly, multiple lead SNPs are private alleles, a pattern arising from recent mutations and the out-of-Africa bottleneck. These African-specific alleles contribute to haplotypes with odds ratios above 2.4. We found that the genetic architecture of CaP differs across Africa, with effect size differences contributing more to this heterogeneity than allele frequency differences. Population genetic analyses reveal that African CaP associations are largely governed by neutral evolution. Collectively, our findings emphasize the utility of conducting genetic studies that use diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center
| | - Hafees Ajibola
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center
| | - Olabode Oluwole
- University of Abuja and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital
| | - Mustapha Jamda
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | | | | | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann Hsing
- Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jo McBride
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research
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9
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Jin J, Zhan J, Zhang J, Zhao R, O’Connell J, Jiang Y, Buyske S, Gignoux C, Haiman C, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, North K, Koelsch BL, Wojcik G, Zhang H, Chatterjee N. MUSSEL: Enhanced Bayesian Polygenic Risk Prediction Leveraging Information across Multiple Ancestry Groups. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.12.536510. [PMID: 37090648 PMCID: PMC10120638 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are now showing promising predictive performance on a wide variety of complex traits and diseases, but there exists a substantial performance gap across different populations. We propose MUSSEL, a method for ancestry-specific polygenic prediction that borrows information in the summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across multiple ancestry groups. MUSSEL conducts Bayesian hierarchical modeling under a MUltivariate Spike-and-Slab model for effect-size distribution and incorporates an Ensemble Learning step using super learner to combine information across different tuning parameter settings and ancestry groups. In our simulation studies and data analyses of 16 traits across four distinct studies, totaling 5.7 million participants with a substantial ancestral diversity, MUSSEL shows promising performance compared to alternatives. The method, for example, has an average gain in prediction R2 across 11 continuous traits of 40.2% and 49.3% compared to PRS-CSx and CT-SLEB, respectively, in the African Ancestry population. The best-performing method, however, varies by GWAS sample size, target ancestry, underlying trait architecture, and the choice of reference samples for LD estimation, and thus ultimately, a combination of methods may be needed to generate the most robust PRS across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jingning Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruzhang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Icahn Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Stolarova L, Kleiblova P, Zemankova P, Stastna B, Janatova M, Soukupova J, Achatz MI, Ambrosone C, Apostolou P, Arun BK, Auer P, Barnard M, Bertelsen B, Blok MJ, Boddicker N, Brunet J, Burnside ES, Calvello M, Campbell I, Chan SH, Chen F, Chiang JB, Coppa A, Cortesi L, Crujeiras-González A, De Leeneer K, De Putter R, DePersia A, Devereux L, Domchek S, Efremidis A, Engel C, Ernst C, Evans DGR, Feliubadaló L, Fostira F, Fuentes-Ríos O, Gómez-García EB, González S, Haiman C, Hansen TVO, Hauke J, Hodge J, Hu C, Huang H, Ishak NDB, Iwasaki Y, Konstantopoulou I, Kraft P, Lacey J, Lázaro C, Li N, Lim WK, Lindstrom S, Lori A, Martinez E, Martins A, Matsuda K, Matullo G, McInerny S, Michailidou K, Montagna M, Monteiro AN, Mori L, Nathanson K, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Olson JE, Palmer J, Pasini B, Patel A, Piane M, Poppe B, Radice P, Renieri A, Resta N, Richardson ME, Rosseel T, Ruddy KJ, Santamariña M, Dos Santos ES, Teras L, Toland AE, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon CM, Volk AE, Weber-Lassalle N, Weitzel JN, Wiesmuller L, Winham S, Yadav S, Yannoukakos D, Yao S, Zampiga V, Zethoven M, Zhang ZW, Zima T, Spurdle AB, Vega A, Rossing M, Del Valle J, De Nicolo A, Hahnen E, Claes KB, Ngeow J, Momozawa Y, James PA, Couch FJ, Macurek L, Kleibl Z. ENIGMA CHEK2gether Project: A Comprehensive Study Identifies Functionally Impaired CHEK2 Germline Missense Variants Associated with Increased Breast Cancer Risk. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3037-3050. [PMID: 37449874 PMCID: PMC10425727 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline pathogenic variants in CHEK2 confer moderately elevated breast cancer risk (odds ratio, OR ∼ 2.5), qualifying carriers for enhanced breast cancer screening. Besides pathogenic variants, dozens of missense CHEK2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified, hampering the clinical utility of germline genetic testing (GGT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We collected 460 CHEK2 missense VUS identified by the ENIGMA consortium in 15 countries. Their functional characterization was performed using CHEK2-complementation assays quantifying KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells. Concordant results in both functional assays were used to categorize CHEK2 VUS from 12 ENIGMA case-control datasets, including 73,048 female patients with breast cancer and 88,658 ethnicity-matched controls. RESULTS A total of 430/460 VUS were successfully analyzed, of which 340 (79.1%) were concordant in both functional assays and categorized as functionally impaired (N = 102), functionally intermediate (N = 12), or functionally wild-type (WT)-like (N = 226). We then examined their association with breast cancer risk in the case-control analysis. The OR and 95% CI (confidence intervals) for carriers of functionally impaired, intermediate, and WT-like variants were 2.83 (95% CI, 2.35-3.41), 1.57 (95% CI, 1.41-1.75), and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08-1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis of population-specific datasets showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS We determined the functional consequences for the majority of CHEK2 missense VUS found in patients with breast cancer (3,660/4,436; 82.5%). Carriers of functionally impaired missense variants accounted for 0.5% of patients with breast cancer and were associated with a moderate risk similar to that of truncating CHEK2 variants. In contrast, 2.2% of all patients with breast cancer carried functionally wild-type/intermediate missense variants with no clinically relevant breast cancer risk in heterozygous carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Stolarova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Zemankova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stastna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center and Oncology Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- WCHS Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Banu K. Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- WHI, USA
| | - Mollie Barnard
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Birgitte Bertelsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marinus J. Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Boddicker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- CARRIERS, USA
| | - Joan Brunet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth S. Burnside
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- WWHS, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Chen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- MEC, USA
| | - Jian Bang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Ana Crujeiras-González
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin De Putter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Allison DePersia
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Lifepool, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Domchek
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Efremidis
- Clinical Cancer Genetics and Family Consultants, CLINICAGENE, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D. Gareth R. Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Olivia Fuentes-Ríos
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Encarna B. Gómez-García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- MEC, USA
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Hodge
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS3, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Chunling Hu
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hongyan Huang
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- NHS, Reston, Virginia
| | | | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Kraft
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- NHS, Reston, Virginia
| | - James Lacey
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- CTS, USA
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- WHI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adriana Lori
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elana Martinez
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Alexandra Martins
- Inserm UMR1245, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Luigi Mori
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- MCBCS, USA
| | - Julie Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alpa Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS-II, USA
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathryn J. Ruddy
- MCBCS, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Lauren Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS-II, USA
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- WWHS, Charlotte, North Carolina
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Alexander E. Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nana Weber-Lassalle
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Wiesmuller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stacey Winham
- MMHS, USA
- Department Quantitative Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Siddhartha Yadav
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Song Yao
- WCHS Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Valentina Zampiga
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ze Wen Zhang
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomas Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesús Del Valle
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arcangela De Nicolo
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen B.M. Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul A. James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Inserm UMR1245, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- CARRIERS, USA
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Huerta-Chagoya A, Schroeder P, Mandla R, Deutsch AJ, Zhu W, Petty L, Yi X, Cole JB, Udler MS, Dornbos P, Porneala B, DiCorpo D, Liu CT, Li JH, Szczerbiński L, Kaur V, Kim J, Lu Y, Martin A, Eizirik DL, Marchetti P, Marselli L, Chen L, Srinivasan S, Todd J, Flannick J, Gubitosi-Klug R, Levitsky L, Shah R, Kelsey M, Burke B, Dabelea DM, Divers J, Marcovina S, Stalbow L, Loos RJF, Darst BF, Kooperberg C, Raffield LM, Haiman C, Sun Q, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Ordoñez ML, Meigs J, Baier LJ, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Orozco L, García-García L, Moreno-Estrada A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusié T, Dupuis J, Ng MCY, Manning A, Highland HM, Cnop M, Hanson R, Below J, Florez JC, Leong A, Mercader JM. The power of TOPMed imputation for the discovery of Latino-enriched rare variants associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1273-1288. [PMID: 37148359 PMCID: PMC10244266 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Latino population has been systematically underrepresented in large-scale genetic analyses, and previous studies have relied on the imputation of ungenotyped variants based on the 1000 Genomes (1000G) imputation panel, which results in suboptimal capture of low-frequency or Latino-enriched variants. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) released the largest multi-ancestry genotype reference panel representing a unique opportunity to analyse rare genetic variations in the Latino population. We hypothesise that a more comprehensive analysis of low/rare variation using the TOPMed panel would improve our knowledge of the genetics of type 2 diabetes in the Latino population. METHODS We evaluated the TOPMed imputation performance using genotyping array and whole-exome sequence data in six Latino cohorts. To evaluate the ability of TOPMed imputation to increase the number of identified loci, we performed a Latino type 2 diabetes genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis in 8150 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 10,735 control individuals and replicated the results in six additional cohorts including whole-genome sequence data from the All of Us cohort. RESULTS Compared with imputation with 1000G, the TOPMed panel improved the identification of rare and low-frequency variants. We identified 26 genome-wide significant signals including a novel variant (minor allele frequency 1.7%; OR 1.37, p=3.4 × 10-9). A Latino-tailored polygenic score constructed from our data and GWAS data from East Asian and European populations improved the prediction accuracy in a Latino target dataset, explaining up to 7.6% of the type 2 diabetes risk variance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate the utility of TOPMed imputation for identifying low-frequency variants in understudied populations, leading to the discovery of novel disease associations and the improvement of polygenic scores. DATA AVAILABILITY Full summary statistics are available through the Common Metabolic Diseases Knowledge Portal ( https://t2d.hugeamp.org/downloads.html ) and through the GWAS catalog ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/ , accession ID: GCST90255648). Polygenic score (PS) weights for each ancestry are available via the PGS catalog ( https://www.pgscatalog.org , publication ID: PGP000445, scores IDs: PGS003443, PGS003444 and PGS003445).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Philip Schroeder
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Mandla
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron J Deutsch
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Dornbos
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bianca Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel DiCorpo
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine H Li
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lukasz Szczerbiński
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Joohyun Kim
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alicia Martin
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ling Chen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shylaja Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Todd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Gubitosi-Klug
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lynne Levitsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Pediatric Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Kelsey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Burke
- Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Stalbow
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Maria L Ordoñez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio Inmunogénomica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas y Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusié
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alisa Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Hanson
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Leong
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Chan TF, Rui X, Conti DV, Fornage M, Graff M, Haessler J, Haiman C, Highland HM, Jung SY, Kenny E, Kooperberg C, Marchland LL, North KE, Tao R, Wojcik G, Gignoux CR, Chiang CWK, Mancuso N. Estimating heritability explained by local ancestry and evaluating stratification bias in admixture mapping from summary statistics. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.10.536252. [PMID: 37131817 PMCID: PMC10153181 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The heritability explained by local ancestry markers in an admixed population h γ 2 provides crucial insight into the genetic architecture of a complex disease or trait. Estimation of h γ 2 can be susceptible to biases due to population structure in ancestral populations. Here, we present a novel approach, Heritability estimation from Admixture Mapping Summary STAtistics (HAMSTA), which uses summary statistics from admixture mapping to infer heritability explained by local ancestry while adjusting for biases due to ancestral stratification. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that HAMSTA h γ 2 estimates are approximately unbiased and are robust to ancestral stratification compared to existing approaches. In the presence of ancestral stratification, we show a HAMSTA-derived sampling scheme provides a calibrated family-wise error rate (FWER) of ~5% for admixture mapping, unlike existing FWER estimation approaches. We apply HAMSTA to 20 quantitative phenotypes of up to 15,988 self-reported African American individuals in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. We observe h ˆ γ 2 in the 20 phenotypes range from 0.0025 to 0.033 (mean h ˆ γ 2 = 0.012 + / - 9.2 × 10 - 4 ), which translates to h ˆ 2 ranging from 0.062 to 0.85 (mean h ˆ 2 = 0.30 + / - 0.023 ). Across these phenotypes we find little evidence of inflation due to ancestral population stratification in current admixture mapping studies (mean inflation factor of 0.99 +/- 0.001). Overall, HAMSTA provides a fast and powerful approach to estimate genome-wide heritability and evaluate biases in test statistics of admixture mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Fung Chan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Xinyue Rui
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eimear Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchland
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California
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13
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Plym A, Zhang Y, Stopsack KH, Delcoigne B, Wiklund F, Haiman C, Kenfield SA, Kibel AS, Giovannucci E, Penney KL, Mucci LA. A Healthy Lifestyle in Men at Increased Genetic Risk for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2023; 83:343-351. [PMID: 35637041 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most heritable cancer. There is a need to identify possible modifiable factors for men at an increased risk of prostate cancer due to genetic factors. OBJECTIVE To examine whether men at an increased genetic risk of prostate cancer can offset their risk of disease or disease progression by adhering to a healthy lifestyle. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We prospectively followed 12 411 genotyped men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1993-2019) and the Physicians' Health Study (1983-2010). Genetic risk of prostate cancer was quantified using a polygenic risk score (PRS). A healthy lifestyle was defined by healthy weight, vigorous physical activity, not smoking, and a healthy diet. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Overall and lethal prostate cancer events (metastatic disease/prostate cancer-specific death) were analyzed using time-to-event analyses estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and lifetime risks. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS During 27 yr of follow-up, 3005 overall prostate cancer and 435 lethal prostate cancer events were observed. The PRS enabled risk stratification not only for overall prostate cancer, but also for lethal disease with a four-fold difference between men in the highest and lowest quartiles (HR, 4.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.16-5.89). Among men in the highest PRS quartile, adhering to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a decreased rate of lethal prostate cancer (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.86) compared with having an unhealthy lifestyle, translating to a lifetime risk of 1.6% (95% CI, 0.8-3.1%) among the healthy and 5.3% (95% CI, 3.6-7.8%) among the unhealthy. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle was not associated with a decreased risk of overall prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a genetic predisposition for prostate cancer is not deterministic for a poor cancer outcome. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle may provide a way to offset the genetic risk of lethal prostate cancer. PATIENT SUMMARY This study examined whether the genetic risk of prostate cancer can be attenuated by a healthy lifestyle including a healthy weight, regular exercise, not smoking, and a healthy diet. We observed that adherence to a healthy lifestyle reduced the risk of metastatic disease and prostate cancer death among men at the highest genetic risk. We conclude that men at a high genetic risk of prostate cancer may benefit from adhering to a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plym
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bénédicte Delcoigne
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Departments of Urology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Hou K, Ding Y, Xu Z, Wu Y, Bhattacharya A, Mester R, Belbin GM, Buyske S, Conti DV, Darst BF, Fornage M, Gignoux C, Guo X, Haiman C, Kenny EE, Kim M, Kooperberg C, Lange L, Manichaikul A, North KE, Peters U, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Wheeler HE, Wojcik GL, Zhou Y, Sankararaman S, Pasaniuc B. Causal effects on complex traits are similar for common variants across segments of different continental ancestries within admixed individuals. Nat Genet 2023; 55:549-558. [PMID: 36941441 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals of admixed ancestries (for example, African Americans) inherit a mosaic of ancestry segments (local ancestry) originating from multiple continental ancestral populations. This offers the unique opportunity of investigating the similarity of genetic effects on traits across ancestries within the same population. Here we introduce an approach to estimate correlation of causal genetic effects (radmix) across local ancestries and analyze 38 complex traits in African-European admixed individuals (N = 53,001) to observe very high correlations (meta-analysis radmix = 0.95, 95% credible interval 0.93-0.97), much higher than correlation of causal effects across continental ancestries. We replicate our results using regression-based methods from marginal genome-wide association study summary statistics. We also report realistic scenarios where regression-based methods yield inflated heterogeneity-by-ancestry due to ancestry-specific tagging of causal effects, and/or polygenicity. Our results motivate genetic analyses that assume minimal heterogeneity in causal effects by ancestry, with implications for the inclusion of ancestry-diverse individuals in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yi Ding
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziqi Xu
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Mester
- Graduate Program in Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian M Belbin
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Kim
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Heather E Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sriram Sankararaman
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Yadav S, Boddicker NJ, Na J, Polley EC, Hu C, Hart SN, Gnanaolivu RD, Larson N, Holtegaard S, Huang H, Dunn CA, Teras LR, Patel AV, Lacey JV, Neuhausen SL, Martinez E, Haiman C, Chen F, Ruddy KJ, Olson JE, John EM, Kurian AW, Sandler DP, O'Brien KM, Taylor JA, Weinberg CR, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Zirpoli G, Goldgar DE, Palmer JR, Domchek SM, Weitzel JN, Nathanson KL, Kraft P, Couch FJ. Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk Among Carriers of Germline Pathogenic Variants in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1703-1713. [PMID: 36623243 PMCID: PMC10022863 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) among women with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2. METHODS The study population included 15,104 prospectively followed women within the CARRIERS study treated with ipsilateral surgery for invasive breast cancer. The risk of CBC was estimated for PV carriers in each gene compared with women without PVs in a multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis accounting for the competing risk of death and adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. The primary analyses focused on the overall cohort and on women from the general population. Secondary analyses examined associations by race/ethnicity, age at primary breast cancer diagnosis, menopausal status, and tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. RESULTS Germline BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2 PV carriers with breast cancer were at significantly elevated risk (hazard ratio > 1.9) of CBC, whereas only the PALB2 PV carriers with ER-negative breast cancer had elevated risks (hazard ratio, 2.9). By contrast, ATM PV carriers did not have significantly increased CBC risks. African American PV carriers had similarly elevated risks of CBC as non-Hispanic White PV carriers. Among premenopausal women, the 10-year cumulative incidence of CBC was estimated to be 33% for BRCA1, 27% for BRCA2, and 13% for CHEK2 PV carriers with breast cancer and 35% for PALB2 PV carriers with ER-negative breast cancer. The 10-year cumulative incidence of CBC among postmenopausal PV carriers was 12% for BRCA1, 9% for BRCA2, and 4% for CHEK2. CONCLUSION Women diagnosed with breast cancer and known to carry germline PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, or PALB2 are at substantially increased risk of CBC and may benefit from enhanced surveillance and risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Na
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric C. Polley
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven N. Hart
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Nicole Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Susan Holtegaard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Huaizhi Huang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Carolyn A. Dunn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fei Chen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Allison W. Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | | | - Jack A. Taylor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Timofeeva M, Chen Z, Law P, Thomas M, Schmit S, Díez-Obrero V, Hsu L, Fernandez-Tajes J, Palles C, Sherwood K, Briggs S, Svinti V, Donnelly K, Farrington S, Blackmur J, Vaughan-Shaw P, Shu XO, Long J, Cai Q, Guo X, Lu Y, Broderick P, Studd J, Huyghe J, Harrison T, Conti D, Dampier C, Devall M, Schumacher F, Melas M, Rennert G, Obón-Santacana M, Martín-Sánchez V, Moratalla-Navarro F, Oh JH, Kim J, Jee SH, Jung KJ, Kweon SS, Shin MH, Shin A, Ahn YO, Kim DH, Oze I, Wen W, Matsuo K, Matsuda K, Tanikawa C, Ren Z, Gao YT, Jia WH, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Win AK, Pai R, Figueiredo J, Haile R, Gallinger S, Woods M, Newcomb P, Duggan D, Cheadle J, Kaplan R, Maughan T, Kerr R, Kerr D, Kirac I, Böhm J, Mecklin LP, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Aaltonen L, Rissanen H, Pukkala E, Eriksson J, Cajuso T, Hänninen U, Kondelin J, Palin K, Tanskanen T, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Zanke B, Männistö S, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Palmer J, Buchanan D, Platz E, Visvanathan K, Ulrich C, Siegel E, Brezina S, Gsur A, Campbell P, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Slattery M, Potter J, Tsilidis K, Schulze M, Gunter M, Murphy N, Castells A, Castellví-Bel S, Moreira L, Arndt V, Shcherbina A, Stern M, Pardamean B, Bishop T, Giles G, Southey M, Idos G, McDonnell K, Abu-Ful Z, Greenson J, Shulman K, Lejbkowicz F, Offit K, Su YR, Steinfelder R, Keku T, van Guelpen B, Hudson T, Hampel H, Pearlman R, Berndt S, Hayes R, Martinez ME, Thomas S, Corley D, Pharoah P, Larsson S, Yen Y, Lenz HJ, White E, Li L, Doheny K, Pugh E, Shelford T, Chan A, Cruz-Correa M, Lindblom A, Hunter D, Joshi A, Schafmayer C, Scacheri P, Kundaje A, Nickerson D, Schoen R, Hampe J, Stadler Z, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Papadopoulos N, Edlund C, Gauderman W, Thomas D, Shibata D, Toland A, Markowitz S, Kim A, Chanock S, van Duijnhoven F, Feskens E, Sakoda L, Gago-Dominguez M, Wolk A, Naccarati A, Pardini B, FitzGerald L, Lee SC, Ogino S, Bien S, Kooperberg C, Li C, Lin Y, Prentice R, Qu C, Bézieau S, Tangen C, Mardis E, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Haiman C, Le Marchand L, Wu A, Qu C, McNeil C, Coetzee G, Hayward C, Deary I, Harris S, Theodoratou E, Reid S, Walker M, Ooi LY, Moreno V, Casey G, Gruber S, Tomlinson I, Zheng W, Dunlop M, Houlston R, Peters U. Author Correction: Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries. Nat Genet 2023; 55:519-520. [PMID: 36782065 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Genomic Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Minta Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kitty Sherwood
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Briggs
- Department of Public Health, Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin Donnelly
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Blackmur
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Vaughan-Shaw
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Dampier
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mathew Devall
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marilena Melas
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Ferran Moratalla-Navarro
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, South Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zefang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rish Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jane Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Haile
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Research Center for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Woods
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Duggan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremy Cheadle
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Research Council, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy Maughan
- MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iva Kirac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Hänninen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Brent Zanke
- Department of Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin Siegel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Konstantinos Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory Idos
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin McDonnell
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zomoroda Abu-Ful
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joel Greenson
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katerina Shulman
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Personalized Genomic Service, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Temitope Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Elena Martinez
- Population Sciences, Disparities and Community Engagement, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushma Thomas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Yen
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tameka Shelford
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amit Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zsofia Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Department of Oncology Ludwig Center at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chistopher Edlund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanford Markowitz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andre Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franzel van Duijnhoven
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lori Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Servicio Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Liesel FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Mardis
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wu
- Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenxu Qu
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline McNeil
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart Reid
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marion Walker
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Li Yin Ooi
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Timofeeva M, Chen Z, Law P, Thomas M, Schmit S, Díez-Obrero V, Hsu L, Fernandez-Tajes J, Palles C, Sherwood K, Briggs S, Svinti V, Donnelly K, Farrington S, Blackmur J, Vaughan-Shaw P, Shu XO, Long J, Cai Q, Guo X, Lu Y, Broderick P, Studd J, Huyghe J, Harrison T, Conti D, Dampier C, Devall M, Schumacher F, Melas M, Rennert G, Obón-Santacana M, Martín-Sánchez V, Moratalla-Navarro F, Oh JH, Kim J, Jee SH, Jung KJ, Kweon SS, Shin MH, Shin A, Ahn YO, Kim DH, Oze I, Wen W, Matsuo K, Matsuda K, Tanikawa C, Ren Z, Gao YT, Jia WH, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Win AK, Pai R, Figueiredo J, Haile R, Gallinger S, Woods M, Newcomb P, Duggan D, Cheadle J, Kaplan R, Maughan T, Kerr R, Kerr D, Kirac I, Böhm J, Mecklin LP, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Aaltonen L, Rissanen H, Pukkala E, Eriksson J, Cajuso T, Hänninen U, Kondelin J, Palin K, Tanskanen T, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Zanke B, Männistö S, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Palmer J, Buchanan D, Platz E, Visvanathan K, Ulrich C, Siegel E, Brezina S, Gsur A, Campbell P, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Slattery M, Potter J, Tsilidis K, Schulze M, Gunter M, Murphy N, Castells A, Castellví-Bel S, Moreira L, Arndt V, Shcherbina A, Stern M, Pardamean B, Bishop T, Giles G, Southey M, Idos G, McDonnell K, Abu-Ful Z, Greenson J, Shulman K, Lejbkowicz F, Offit K, Su YR, Steinfelder R, Keku T, van Guelpen B, Hudson T, Hampel H, Pearlman R, Berndt S, Hayes R, Martinez ME, Thomas S, Corley D, Pharoah P, Larsson S, Yen Y, Lenz HJ, White E, Li L, Doheny K, Pugh E, Shelford T, Chan A, Cruz-Correa M, Lindblom A, Hunter D, Joshi A, Schafmayer C, Scacheri P, Kundaje A, Nickerson D, Schoen R, Hampe J, Stadler Z, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Papadopoulos N, Edlund C, Gauderman W, Thomas D, Shibata D, Toland A, Markowitz S, Kim A, Chanock S, van Duijnhoven F, Feskens E, Sakoda L, Gago-Dominguez M, Wolk A, Naccarati A, Pardini B, FitzGerald L, Lee SC, Ogino S, Bien S, Kooperberg C, Li C, Lin Y, Prentice R, Qu C, Bézieau S, Tangen C, Mardis E, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Haiman C, Le Marchand L, Wu A, Qu C, McNeil C, Coetzee G, Hayward C, Deary I, Harris S, Theodoratou E, Reid S, Walker M, Ooi LY, Moreno V, Casey G, Gruber S, Tomlinson I, Zheng W, Dunlop M, Houlston R, Peters U. Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries. Nat Genet 2023; 55:89-99. [PMID: 36539618 PMCID: PMC10094749 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Genomic Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Minta Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kitty Sherwood
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Briggs
- Department of Public Health, Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin Donnelly
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Blackmur
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Vaughan-Shaw
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Dampier
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mathew Devall
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marilena Melas
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Ferran Moratalla-Navarro
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, South Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zefang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rish Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jane Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Haile
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Research Center for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Woods
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Duggan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremy Cheadle
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Research Council, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy Maughan
- MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iva Kirac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Hänninen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Brent Zanke
- Department of Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin Siegel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Konstantinos Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory Idos
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin McDonnell
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zomoroda Abu-Ful
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joel Greenson
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katerina Shulman
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Personalized Genomic Service, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Temitope Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Elena Martinez
- Population Sciences, Disparities and Community Engagement, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushma Thomas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Yen
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tameka Shelford
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amit Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zsofia Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Department of Oncology Ludwig Center at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chistopher Edlund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanford Markowitz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andre Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franzel van Duijnhoven
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lori Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Servicio Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Liesel FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Mardis
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wu
- Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenxu Qu
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline McNeil
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart Reid
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marion Walker
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Li Yin Ooi
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center For Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genomics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Yengo L, Vedantam S, Marouli E, Sidorenko J, Bartell E, Sakaue S, Graff M, Eliasen AU, Jiang Y, Raghavan S, Miao J, Arias JD, Graham SE, Mukamel RE, Spracklen CN, Yin X, Chen SH, Ferreira T, Highland HH, Ji Y, Karaderi T, Lin K, Lüll K, Malden DE, Medina-Gomez C, Machado M, Moore A, Rüeger S, Sim X, Vrieze S, Ahluwalia TS, Akiyama M, Allison MA, Alvarez M, Andersen MK, Ani A, Appadurai V, Arbeeva L, Bhaskar S, Bielak LF, Bollepalli S, Bonnycastle LL, Bork-Jensen J, Bradfield JP, Bradford Y, Braund PS, Brody JA, Burgdorf KS, Cade BE, Cai H, Cai Q, Campbell A, Cañadas-Garre M, Catamo E, Chai JF, Chai X, Chang LC, Chang YC, Chen CH, Chesi A, Choi SH, Chung RH, Cocca M, Concas MP, Couture C, Cuellar-Partida G, Danning R, Daw EW, Degenhard F, Delgado GE, Delitala A, Demirkan A, Deng X, Devineni P, Dietl A, Dimitriou M, Dimitrov L, Dorajoo R, Ekici AB, Engmann JE, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Farmaki AE, Faul JD, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Forer L, Francescatto M, Freitag-Wolf S, Fuchsberger C, Galesloot TE, Gao Y, Gao Z, Geller F, Giannakopoulou O, Giulianini F, Gjesing AP, Goel A, Gordon SD, Gorski M, Grove J, Guo X, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hansen TF, Havulinna AS, Haworth SJ, He J, Heard-Costa N, Hebbar P, Hindy G, Ho YLA, Hofer E, Holliday E, Horn K, Hornsby WE, Hottenga JJ, Huang H, Huang J, Huerta-Chagoya A, Huffman JE, Hung YJ, Huo S, Hwang MY, Iha H, Ikeda DD, Isono M, Jackson AU, Jäger S, Jansen IE, Johansson I, Jonas JB, Jonsson A, Jørgensen T, Kalafati IP, Kanai M, Kanoni S, Kårhus LL, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kawaguchi T, Kember RL, Kentistou KA, Kim HN, Kim YJ, Kleber ME, Knol MJ, Kurbasic A, Lauzon M, Le P, Lea R, Lee JY, Leonard HL, Li SA, Li X, Li X, Liang J, Lin H, Lin SY, Liu J, Liu X, Lo KS, Long J, Lores-Motta L, Luan J, Lyssenko V, Lyytikäinen LP, Mahajan A, Mamakou V, Mangino M, Manichaikul A, Marten J, Mattheisen M, Mavarani L, McDaid AF, Meidtner K, Melendez TL, Mercader JM, Milaneschi Y, Miller JE, Millwood IY, Mishra PP, Mitchell RE, Møllehave LT, Morgan A, Mucha S, Munz M, Nakatochi M, Nelson CP, Nethander M, Nho CW, Nielsen AA, Nolte IM, Nongmaithem SS, Noordam R, Ntalla I, Nutile T, Pandit A, Christofidou P, Pärna K, Pauper M, Petersen ERB, Petersen LV, Pitkänen N, Polašek O, Poveda A, Preuss MH, Pyarajan S, Raffield LM, Rakugi H, Ramirez J, Rasheed A, Raven D, Rayner NW, Riveros C, Rohde R, Ruggiero D, Ruotsalainen SE, Ryan KA, Sabater-Lleal M, Saxena R, Scholz M, Sendamarai A, Shen B, Shi J, Shin JH, Sidore C, Sitlani CM, Slieker RC, Smit RAJ, Smith AV, Smith JA, Smyth LJ, Southam L, Steinthorsdottir V, Sun L, Takeuchi F, Tallapragada DSP, Taylor KD, Tayo BO, Tcheandjieu C, Terzikhan N, Tesolin P, Teumer A, Theusch E, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Timmers PRHJ, Trompet S, Turman C, Vaccargiu S, van der Laan SW, van der Most PJ, van Klinken JB, van Setten J, Verma SS, Verweij N, Veturi Y, Wang CA, Wang C, Wang L, Wang Z, Warren HR, Bin Wei W, Wickremasinghe AR, Wielscher M, Wiggins KL, Winsvold BS, Wong A, Wu Y, Wuttke M, Xia R, Xie T, Yamamoto K, Yang J, Yao J, Young H, Yousri NA, Yu L, Zeng L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zimmermann ME, Zoledziewska M, Adair LS, Adams HHH, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Al-Mulla F, Arnett DK, Asselbergs FW, Åsvold BO, Attia J, Banas B, Bandinelli S, Bennett DA, Bergler T, Bharadwaj D, Biino G, Bisgaard H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bønnelykke K, Boomsma DI, Børglum AD, Borja JB, Bouchard C, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Brumpton B, Buring JE, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chandak GR, Chanock SJ, Chaturvedi N, Chen YDI, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Christophersen IE, Ciullo M, Cole JW, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Cruz M, Cucca F, Cupples LA, Cutler MJ, Damrauer SM, Dantoft TM, de Borst GJ, de Groot LCPGM, De Jager PL, de Kleijn DPV, Janaka de Silva H, Dedoussis GV, den Hollander AI, Du S, Easton DF, Elders PJM, Eliassen AH, Ellinor PT, Elmståhl S, Erdmann J, Evans MK, Fatkin D, Feenstra B, Feitosa MF, Ferrucci L, Ford I, Fornage M, Franke A, Franks PW, Freedman BI, Gasparini P, Gieger C, Girotto G, Goddard ME, Golightly YM, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Gordon-Larsen P, Grallert H, Grant SFA, Grarup N, Griffiths L, Gudnason V, Haiman C, Hakonarson H, Hansen T, Hartman CA, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Heckbert SR, Heng CK, Hengstenberg C, Hewitt AW, Hishigaki H, Hoyng CB, Huang PL, Huang W, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Hyppönen E, Iacono WG, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Isasi CR, Jackson RD, Jarvelin MR, Jin ZB, Jöckel KH, Joshi PK, Jousilahti P, Jukema JW, Kähönen M, Kamatani Y, Kang KD, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kato N, Kee F, Kessler T, Khera AV, Khor CC, Kiemeney LALM, Kim BJ, Kim EK, Kim HL, Kirchhof P, Kivimaki M, Koh WP, Koistinen HA, Kolovou GD, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Köttgen A, Kovacs P, Kraaijeveld A, Kraft P, Krauss RM, Kumari M, Kutalik Z, Laakso M, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Le Marchand L, Lee H, Lee NR, Lehtimäki T, Li H, Li L, Lieb W, Lin X, Lind L, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Loeffler M, London B, Lubitz SA, Lye SJ, Mackey DA, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Marcus GM, Vidal PM, Martin NG, März W, Matsuda F, McGarrah RW, McGue M, McKnight AJ, Medland SE, Mellström D, Metspalu A, Mitchell BD, Mitchell P, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morris AD, Mucci LA, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Nazarian S, Nelson AE, Neville MJ, Newton-Cheh C, Nielsen CS, Nöthen MM, Ohlsson C, Oldehinkel AJ, Orozco L, Pahkala K, Pajukanta P, Palmer CNA, Parra EJ, Pattaro C, Pedersen O, Pennell CE, Penninx BWJH, Perusse L, Peters A, Peyser PA, Porteous DJ, Posthuma D, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Qi Q, Qu J, Rader DJ, Raitakari OT, Ralhan S, Rallidis LS, Rao DC, Redline S, Reilly DF, Reiner AP, Rhee SY, Ridker PM, Rienstra M, Ripatti S, Ritchie MD, Roden DM, Rosendaal FR, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Rutters F, Sabanayagam C, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sanghera DK, Sattar N, Schmidt B, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Schulze MB, Schunkert H, Scott LJ, Scott RJ, Sever P, Shiroma EJ, Shoemaker MB, Shu XO, Simonsick EM, Sims M, Singh JR, Singleton AB, Sinner MF, Smith JG, Snieder H, Spector TD, Stampfer MJ, Stark KJ, Strachan DP, 't Hart LM, Tabara Y, Tang H, Tardif JC, Thanaraj TA, Timpson NJ, Tönjes A, Tremblay A, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Tusié-Luna MT, Uitterlinden AG, van Dam RM, van der Harst P, Van der Velde N, van Duijn CM, van Schoor NM, Vitart V, Völker U, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wacher-Rodarte NH, Walker M, Wang YX, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM, Watkins H, Weir DR, Werge TM, Widen E, Wilkens LR, Willemsen G, Willett WC, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Woo JT, Wright AF, Wu JY, Xu H, Yajnik CS, Yokota M, Yuan JM, Zeggini E, Zemel BS, Zheng W, Zhu X, Zmuda JM, Zonderman AB, Zwart JA, Chasman DI, Cho YS, Heid IM, McCarthy MI, Ng MCY, O'Donnell CJ, Rivadeneira F, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sun YV, Tai ES, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Justice AE, Lindgren CM, Loos RJF, Mohlke KL, North KE, Stefansson K, Walters RG, Winkler TW, Young KL, Loh PR, Yang J, Esko T, Assimes TL, Auton A, Abecasis GR, Willer CJ, Locke AE, Berndt SI, Lettre G, Frayling TM, Okada Y, Wood AR, Visscher PM, Hirschhorn JN. A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height. Nature 2022; 610:704-712. [PMID: 36224396 PMCID: PMC9605867 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40-50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are significantly associated with height account for nearly all of the common SNP-based heritability. These SNPs are clustered within 7,209 non-overlapping genomic segments with a mean size of around 90 kb, covering about 21% of the genome. The density of independent associations varies across the genome and the regions of increased density are enriched for biologically relevant genes. In out-of-sample estimation and prediction, the 12,111 SNPs (or all SNPs in the HapMap 3 panel2) account for 40% (45%) of phenotypic variance in populations of European ancestry but only around 10-20% (14-24%) in populations of other ancestries. Effect sizes, associated regions and gene prioritization are similar across ancestries, indicating that reduced prediction accuracy is likely to be explained by linkage disequilibrium and differences in allele frequency within associated regions. Finally, we show that the relevant biological pathways are detectable with smaller sample sizes than are needed to implicate causal genes and variants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of specific genomic regions that contain the vast majority of common height-associated variants. Although this map is saturated for populations of European ancestry, further research is needed to achieve equivalent saturation in other ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Bartell
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marielisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anders U Eliasen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenkai Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Arias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronen E Mukamel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather H Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kreete Lüll
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Deborah E Malden
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moara Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Moore
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina Rüeger
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alireza Ani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seema Bhaskar
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NovoNordic Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian E Cade
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- 23andMe, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Danning
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frauke Degenhard
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessandro Delitala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Poornima Devineni
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Dietl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jorgen E Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Zishan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- BiRC-Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NovoNordic Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon J Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jing He
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - George Hindy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuk-Lam A Ho
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Whitney E Hornsby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ioanna-Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie Lauzon
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodney Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Oneomics, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, St Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura Lores-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tori L Melendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason E Miller
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Soeren Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Katri Pärna
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Liselotte V Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- The National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dennis Raven
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richa Saxena
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anoop Sendamarai
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof A J Smit
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol A Wang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigacion de Enfermedades Metabolicas and Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology and Dean's Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tobias Bergler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Regensburg, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (CGPM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben Brumpton
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Adjunct Faculty, JSS University Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), JSS (Deemed to be) University, Mysuru, India
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ingrid E Christophersen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Cutler
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lyn Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kui Dong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Saevit Eye Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Münster, Germany
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Genovefa D Kolovou
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Lipoprotein Apheresis Unit and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adriaan Kraaijeveld
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Mackey
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory M Marcus
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Marques Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Nielsen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Perusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dyanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Cardiology, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DZHK) - Munich Heart Alliance, and Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thangavel A Thanaraj
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria-Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Niels H Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Vy HMT, Lin BM, Gulamali FF, Kooperberg C, Graff M, Wong J, Campbell KN, Matise TC, Coresh J, Thomas F, Reiner AP, Nassir R, Schnatz PF, Johns T, Buyske S, Haiman C, Cooper R, Loos RJ, Horowitz CR, Gutierrez OM, Do R, Franceschini N, Nadkarni GN. Genome-Wide Epistatic Interaction between DEF1B and APOL1 High-Risk Genotypes for Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1522-1525. [PMID: 35948364 PMCID: PMC9528279 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03610322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha My T. Vy
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bridget M. Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Faris F. Gulamali
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jenny Wong
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tara C. Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter F. Schnatz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanya Johns
- Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Orlando M. Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Nyame YA, Cooperberg MR, Cumberbatch MG, Eggener SE, Etzioni R, Gomez SL, Haiman C, Huang F, Lee CT, Litwin MS, Lyratzopoulos G, Mohler JL, Murphy AB, Pettaway C, Powell IJ, Sasieni P, Schaeffer EM, Shariat SF, Gore JL. Deconstructing, Addressing, and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Prostate Cancer Care. Eur Urol 2022; 82:341-351. [PMID: 35367082 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Men of African ancestry have demonstrated markedly higher rates of prostate cancer mortality than men of other races and ethnicities around the world. In fact, the highest rates of prostate cancer mortality worldwide are found in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan West Africa, and among men of African descent in the USA. Addressing this inequity in prostate cancer care and outcomes requires a focused research approach that creates durable solutions to address the structural, social, environmental, and health factors that create racial disparities in care and outcomes. OBJECTIVE To introduce a conceptual model for evaluating racial inequities in prostate cancer care to facilitate the development of translational research studies and interventions. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A collaborative review of literature relevant to racial inequities in prostate cancer care and outcomes was performed. Existing literature was used to highlight various components of the conceptual model to inform future research and interventions toward equitable care and outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Racial inequities in prostate cancer outcomes are driven by a series of structural and social determinants of health that impact exposures, mediators, and outcomes. Social determinants of equity, such as laws/policies, economic systems, and structural racism, affect the inequitable access to environmental and neighborhood exposures, in addition to health care access. Although the incidence disparity remains problematic, various studies have demonstrated parity in outcomes when social and health factors, such as access to equitable care, are normalized. Few studies have tested interventions to reduce inequities in prostate cancer among Black men. CONCLUSIONS Worldwide, men of African ancestry demonstrate worse outcomes in prostate cancer, a phenomenon driven largely by social factors that inform biologic, environmental, and health care risks. A conceptual model was presented that organizes the many factors that influence prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Within that framework, we must understand the current state of inequities in clinical prostate cancer practice, the optimal state of what equitable practice would be, and how achieving equity in prostate cancer care balances costs, benefits, and harms. More robust characterization of the sources of prostate cancer inequities should inform testing of ambitious and innovative interventions as we work toward equity in care and outcomes. PATIENT SUMMARY Men of African ancestry demonstrate the highest rates of prostate cancer mortality, which may be reduced through social interventions. We present a framework for formalizing the identification of the drivers of prostate cancer inequities to facilitate the development of interventions and trials to eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott E Eggener
- Department of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Franklin Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl T Lee
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark S Litwin
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Lyratzopoulos
- Epidemiology of Cancer Healthcare & Outcomes, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isaac J Powell
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter Sasieni
- Cancer Research UK & King's College London Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bogumil D, Cortessis V, Wilkens L, Setiawan VW, Haiman C, Marchand LL, Maskarinec G. Abstract 734: History of diabetes is differentially associated with urothelial cancer risk in understudied racial/ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an established risk factor for urothelial cancer (UC), however there is very little data characterizing this association in populations of non-European ancestry. Understanding the relationship between T2DM and UC across multiple populations is important since both risk and severity of each condition differ according to race and ethnicity.
Methods: We estimated the association between T2D and UC among 185,587 MEC participants who were between 45 and 75 years old at enrollment (1993-1996) and from five major racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Japanese Americans, Native Hawaiians, Latinos, and non-Hispanic whites). T2D status was assessed by self-report at cohort entry. UC cases were identified through linkages to statewide SEER cancer registries. We estimated the association between T2D and UC using Cox regression, adjusting for known confounders (smoking duration, smoking intensity, alcohol consumption, body mass index), stratifying on sex, age, and ethnicity. Using the full model, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by race/ethnicity.
Results: Over a mean of 19 years of follow-up, 2,398 incident UC cases were identified. The prevalence of T2D was highest among African Americans (15.7%), followed by Latinos (15.6%), Native Hawaiians (14.8%), Japanese Americans (10.5%), and non-Hispanic whites (5.9%). The age-standardized UC incidence rates were highest among whites (60/100,000) followed by Japanese Americans (42/100,000), Native Hawaiians (40/100,000), African Americans (37/100,000), and Latinos (29/100,000). Incidence of UC was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.26)-fold greater in those who reported a history of T2D, and this association differed between racial-ethnic groups (pheterogeneity=0.04). Estimates of the association between T2D and UC achieved statistical significance among African Americans (HR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) and Native Hawaiians (HR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.60), but not among non-Hispanic whites (HR=1.06; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.43), Latinos (HR=0.96; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.29), or Japanese Americans (HR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.21).
Conclusions: In this multiethnic analysis, estimates of the association between T2DM and UC were strongest among African American and Native Hawaiian participants. The apparently stronger associations in these groups may be due to greater severity and/or poorer control of T2DM. African Americans and Native Hawaiians may benefit from targeted interventions to better manage T2D in these populations to reduce risk of UC.
Citation Format: David Bogumil, Victoria Cortessis, Lynne Wilkens, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Christopher Haiman, Loic Le Marchand, Gertraud Maskarinec. History of diabetes is differentially associated with urothelial cancer risk in understudied racial/ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 734.
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22
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Kapoor PM, Mak AC, Kachuri L, Hu D, Huntsman S, Kushi LH, Haiman C, John EM, Torres-Mejia G, Burchard EG, Neuhausen SL, Fejerman L, Ziv E. Abstract 3631: Transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Latinas. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer has been studied extensively in European ancestry populations, but few studies have addressed genetic susceptibility in non-European women. Latinas are a genetically diverse group with contributions from European, African, and Indigenous American ancestries. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified unique variants in this population, particularly at the 6q25 locus. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify novel genes associated with risk of breast cancer in Latinas.
Methods: We used individual level GWAS data from 2,396 Latina cases and 6,505 Latina controls from the studies in Northern California (San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study, Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry and Kaiser Permanente Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging Cohort), Southern California (Multi-ethnic Cohort) and Mexico (CAMA study). We analyzed the association between genetically predicted whole blood (WB) gene expression and breast cancer risk using newly developed TWAS models based on 784 Mexican American individuals. We also conducted parallel analyses using breast mammary tissue (BT) TWAS models from GTEx v8. All analyses were adjusted for age, ancestry, and study. Associations with false discovery rate (FDR) probability <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: At FDR<0.05, we identified 20 genes from BT and 39 genes from WB. Seven of the genes were significantly associated in both the WB models and GTEx BT models. Increased expression of MIB2 (pFDR = 4.74x10-17 (WB) and 1.22x10-4 (BT)), NBPF26 (pFDR = 1.30x10-7 (WB) and 7.43x10-8 (BT)), SLC35E2B (pFDR = 1.12x10-4 (WB) and 5.47x10-5 (BT)), and FAM30A (pFDR = 1.18x10-10 (WB) and 9.27x10-3 (BT)) was associated with increased risk of breast cancer risk, whereas increased expression of SLC35E2A (pFDR = 8.17x10-6 (WB) and 1.55x10-3 (BT)) and HCP5B (pFDR = 1.84x10-3 (WB) and 2.19x10-3 (BT)) was associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Increased expression of PDGFA was associated with increased risk (pFDR = 1.30x10-7) in GTEx BT reference models but decreased risk (pFDR = 2.34x10-10) in the ancestry-specific WB model.
Conclusion: Our study is the first TWAS investigating the relationship between genetically predicted gene expression and breast cancer risk in Latinas. By leveraging gene expression prediction models that capture eQTLs that are more common in populations with Indigenous American ancestry, we have identified some novel genes associated with breast cancer risk in Latinas. Of these, MIB2 is a strong candidate for a mechanistic role in breast carcinogenesis in Latinas. MIB2 is involved in Notch signaling which plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis via its mismatched receptor-ligand interaction. Our study highlights the role of ancestry-based prediction models in TWAS analyses.
Citation Format: Pooja Middha Kapoor, Angel C. Mak, Linda Kachuri, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Lawrence H. Kushi, Christopher Haiman, Esther M. John, Gabriela Torres-Mejia, Esteban G. Burchard, Susan L. Neuhausen, Laura Fejerman, Elad Ziv. Transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Latinas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3631.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel C. Mak
- 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Donglei Hu
- 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elad Ziv
- 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Wu AH, Setiawan VW, Lim U, Tseng CC, White KK, Shepherd J, Lenz HJ, Cheng I, Stram DO, Haiman C, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L. Prognostic utility of self-reported sarcopenia (SARC-F) in the Multiethnic Cohort. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:987-1002. [PMID: 35098697 PMCID: PMC8977971 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength, known as sarcopenia, is a well-known phenomenon of aging and is determined clinically using methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, these clinical methods to measure sarcopenia are not practical for population-based studies, and a five-question screening tool known as SARC-F has been validated to screen for sarcopenia. METHODS We investigated the relationship between appendicular skeletal lean mass/height2 (ALM/HT2 ) (kg/m2 ) assessed by DXA and SARC-F in a subset of 1538 (778 men and 760 women) participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study after adjustment for race/ethnicity, age, and body mass index (BMI) at the time of DXA measurement. We then investigated the association between SARC-F and mortality among 71 283 (41 757 women and 29 526 men) participants in the MEC, who responded to the five SARC-F questions on a mailed questionnaire as part of the MEC follow-up in 2012-2016. RESULTS In women, SARC-F score was significantly inversely associated with ALM/HT2 after adjusting for race/ethnicity, and age and BMI at DXA (r = -0.167, P < 0.001); the result was similar in men although it did not reach statistical significance (r = -0.056, P = 0.12). Among the 71 000+ MEC participants, SARC-F score ≥ 4, as an indicator of sarcopenia, was higher in women (20.9%) than in men (11.2%) (P < 0.0001) and increased steadily with increasing age (6.3% in <70 vs. 41.3% in 90+ years old) (P < 0.0001). SARC-F score ≥ 4 was highest among Latinos (30.8% in women and 16.1% in men) and lowest in Native Hawaiian women (15.6%) and Japanese American men (8.9%). During an average of 6.8 years of follow-up, compared with men with SARC-F score of 0-1 (indicator of no sarcopenia), men with SARC-F 2-3 (indicator of pre-sarcopenia) and SARC-F ≥ 4 had significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.00, 1.77, 3.73, P < 0.001], cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR = 1.00, 1.85, 3.98, P < 0.001), and cancer mortality (HR = 1.00, 1.46, 1.96, P < 0.001) after covariate adjustment. Comparable risk association patterns with SARC-F scores were observed in women (all-cause mortality: HR = 1.00, 1.47, 3.10, P < 0.001; CVD mortality: HR = 1.00, 1.59, 3.54, P < 0.001; cancer mortality: HR = 1.00, 1.30, 1.77, P < 0.001). These significant risk patterns between SARC-F and all-cause mortality were found across all sex-race/ethnic groups considered (12 in total). CONCLUSIONS An indicator of sarcopenia, determined using SARC-F, showed internal validity against DXA and displayed racial/ethnic and sex differences in distribution. SARC-F was associated with all-cause mortality as well as cause-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chiu-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kami K White
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John Shepherd
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Heinz Josef Lenz
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Yadav S, Hu C, Boddicker NJ, Polley E, Hart S, Gnanaolivu R, Na J, Huang H, Yao S, Vachon CM, Teras L, Taylor JA, Sandler DP, Palmer JR, Olson JE, Neuhausen S, Martinez E, Lindstroem S, Le Marchand L, Kooperberg C, Haiman C, Gaudet MM, Lacey JV, Bertrand KA, Bernstein L, Auer PW, Ambrosone C, Weitzel JN, Kraft P, Goldgar DE, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Couch FJ. Abstract P2-09-01: Population-based risk estimates of clinical subtypes of breast cancer among carriers of germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p2-09-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The risk of specific clinical subtype of breast cancer (defined by ER and HER2 status) among women in the general population who are carriers of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes is not well-defined. Methods: A total of 13,153 women with breast cancer (ER+/HER2-: 9381; ER+/HER2+: 1462; ER-/HER2+: 690; and ER-/HER2-: 1620) and 25,005 unaffected women (controls) from nine studies within the CAnceR RIsk Estimates Related to Susceptibility (CARRIERS) consortium that were not enriched for family history or early onset disease were included in the present analysis. A multiplex amplicon-based panel was used to perform germline sequencing for cancer predisposition genes. Case-control associations for each of the four clinical subtype of breast cancer was performed for PVs in 5 common breast cancer predisposition genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2) utilizing a logistic regression model adjusting for study, age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity and family history of breast cancer. Results: The frequency of PVs in 5 genes was 3.8% for ER+/HER2-, 6.2% for ER+/HER2+, 4.2% for ER-/HER2+ and 9.3% for ER-/HER2- subtypes. PVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were associated with high risk (Odds Ratio (OR) >4) for all clinical subtypes of breast cancer, but the risk was highest (OR>8) for ER-/HER2- breast cancer. PVs in PALB2 were associated with high risk (OR>4) of ER-/HER2- and ER+/HER2+ subtypes and moderate risk (OR: 2-4) of ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Irrespective of the HER2 status, PVs in ATM were associated with a moderately increased risk (OR: 2-4) of ER+ breast cancer but the risk of ER- breast cancer was not elevated. In contrast, PVs in CHEK2 were associated with high risk (OR>4) of ER+/HER2+ breast cancer and moderate risk (OR: 2-4) of ER+/HER2- and ER-/HER2+ breast cancer, but the risk of ER-/HER2- breast cancer was not elevated. Conclusions: This study provides population-based estimates of risk of specific clinical subtypes of breast cancer which will be useful for genetic counseling and targeting appropriate screening strategies in PV carriers based on subtype specific risks of breast cancer.
Citation Format: Siddhartha Yadav, Chunling Hu, Nicholas J. Boddicker, Eric Polley, Steven Hart, Rohan Gnanaolivu, Jie Na, Hongyan Huang, Song Yao, Celine M. Vachon, Lauren Teras, Jack A. Taylor, Dale P. Sandler, Julie R. Palmer, Janet E. Olson, Susan Neuhausen, Elena Martinez, Sara Lindstroem, Loic Le Marchand, Charles Kooperberg, Christopher Haiman, Mia M. Gaudet, James V. Lacey, Kimberly A. Bertrand, Leslie Bernstein, Paul W. Auer, Christine Ambrosone, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Peter Kraft, David E. Goldgar, Katherine L. Nathanson, Susan M. Domchek, Fergus J. Couch, CARRIERS Consortium. Population-based risk estimates of clinical subtypes of breast cancer among carriers of germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-01.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Na
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul W. Auer
- UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Khan-Gates J, Shariff-Marco S, Lin K, Inamdar P, Yang J, Li Y, Sangaramoorthy M, Haiman C, Marchand LL, Wilkens LR, Gomez SL, Cheng I. Abstract PO-171: Local economic and racial/ethnic segregation and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Residential segregation has been documented to contribute to health inequities. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) is a local measure of residential segregation that can capture economic, racial, and combined racialized economic residential segregation. ICE measures have only recently been examined in cancer studies, few of which have focused on breast cancer risk and none among Asian American or Pacific Islander (AAPI) groups. In the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), we examined the associations of neighborhood ICE measures with breast cancer incidence among 101,811 female participants in five racial/ethnic groups (African American, Latino, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White). Methods: ICE measures were developed based on 1990 U.S. census tract-level data, categorized in quintiles based on Los Angeles county and Hawai'i state-specific distributions, and assigned to the residential census tract of MEC female participants residing, at study baseline, in California (CA) (primarily Los Angeles, n=56,880), and Hawai'i (HI) (n=44,931). Separate ICE measures were created for household income, education, race/ethnicity, and combined household income and race/ethnicity. Women, aged 45-75 at enrollment, completed a comprehensive lifestyle questionnaire and were followed from baseline (1993-1996) to earliest date of invasive breast cancer diagnosis (n=6,398), death, or end-of-follow-up (12/31/2014). Invasive breast cancer incidence was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics, family history of breast cancer, reproductive and lifestyle factor factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity and stage at diagnosis. Results: For women in CA MEC, there were significantly higher risks of breast cancer for those living in neighborhoods with more versus less concentrated privilege [Q5 v Q1 Hazard Ratios (HR): ICE income 1.16 (1.03-1.31), ICE education 1.21 (1.05-1.39)]. In stratified analyses, these patterns of associations were seen for African Americans, Latinos, and Japanese Americans. Risks were also higher among Japanese American women living in neighborhoods with greater concentrations of Whites versus AAPI [Q5 v Q1 ICE Race HR: 1.77 (1.22-2.57)] and for Latino women living in neighborhoods with greater concentrations of high income-White households versus low income-Hispanic households [Q4 v Q1 ICE Race + Income HR: 1.48 (1.20-1.82)]. For women in HI MEC, those living in neighborhoods with higher versus lower ICE income or ICE education had higher risk of localized stage at diagnosis and lower risk of regional & distant diagnosis (p Het <0.01). No associations were found among White or Native Hawaiian women. Conclusions: Our findings suggest economic residential segregation plays an important role in breast cancer risk among African American, Latino, and Japanese American women. This study also highlights the importance of examining racial and racialized economic residential segregation separately across racial/ethnic groups.
Citation Format: Jenna Khan-Gates, Salma Shariff-Marco, Katherine Lin, Pushkar Inamdar, Juan Yang, Yuqing Li, Meera Sangaramoorthy, Christopher Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Lynne R Wilkens, Scarlett L Gomez, Iona Cheng. Local economic and racial/ethnic segregation and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Khan-Gates
- 1Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI,
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Katherine Lin
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Pushkar Inamdar
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Juan Yang
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Yuqing Li
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | | | | | - Loïc Le Marchand
- 1Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI,
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- 1Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI,
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- 2School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
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26
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Yadav S, Hu C, Nathanson KL, Weitzel JN, Goldgar DE, Kraft P, Gnanaolivu RD, Na J, Huang H, Boddicker NJ, Larson N, Gao C, Yao S, Weinberg C, Vachon CM, Trentham-Dietz A, Taylor JA, Sandler DR, Patel A, Palmer JR, Olson JE, Neuhausen S, Martinez E, Lindstrom S, Lacey JV, Kurian AW, John EM, Haiman C, Bernstein L, Auer PW, Anton-Culver H, Ambrosone CB, Karam R, Chao E, Yussuf A, Pesaran T, Dolinsky JS, Hart SN, LaDuca H, Polley EC, Domchek SM, Couch FJ. Germline Pathogenic Variants in Cancer Predisposition Genes Among Women With Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3918-3926. [PMID: 34672684 PMCID: PMC8660003 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the contribution of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in hereditary cancer testing panel genes to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 2,999 women with ILC from a population-based cohort and 3,796 women with ILC undergoing clinical multigene panel testing (clinical cohort). Frequencies of germline PVs in breast cancer predisposition genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53) were compared between women with ILC and unaffected female controls and between women with ILC and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). RESULTS The frequency of PVs in breast cancer predisposition genes among women with ILC was 6.5% in the clinical cohort and 5.2% in the population-based cohort. In case-control analysis, CDH1 and BRCA2 PVs were associated with high risks of ILC (odds ratio [OR] > 4) and CHEK2, ATM, and PALB2 PVs were associated with moderate (OR = 2-4) risks. BRCA1 PVs and CHEK2 p.Ile157Thr were not associated with clinically relevant risks (OR < 2) of ILC. Compared with IDC, CDH1 PVs were > 10-fold enriched, whereas PVs in BRCA1 were substantially reduced in ILC. CONCLUSION The study establishes that PVs in ATM, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, and PALB2 are associated with an increased risk of ILC, whereas BRCA1 PVs are not. The similar overall PV frequencies for ILC and IDC suggest that cancer histology should not influence the decision to proceed with genetic testing. Similar to IDC, multigene panel testing may be appropriate for women with ILC, but CDH1 should be specifically discussed because of low prevalence and gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jie Na
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Chi Gao
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alpa Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Paul W. Auer
- UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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27
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Boddicker NJ, Hu C, Weitzel JN, Kraft P, Nathanson KL, Goldgar DE, Na J, Huang H, Gnanaolivu RD, Larson N, Yussuf A, Yao S, Vachon CM, Trentham-Dietz A, Teras L, Taylor JA, Scott CE, Sandler DP, Pesaran T, Patel AV, Palmer JR, Ong IM, Olson JE, O'Brien K, Neuhausen S, Martinez E, Ma H, Lindstrom S, Le Marchand L, Kooperberg C, Karam R, Hunter DJ, Hodge JM, Haiman C, Gaudet MM, Gao C, LaDuca H, Lacey JV, Dolinsky JS, Chao E, Carter BD, Burnside ES, Bertrand KA, Bernstein L, Auer PW, Ambrosone C, Yadav S, Hart SN, Polley EC, Domchek SM, Couch FJ. Risk of Late-Onset Breast Cancer in Genetically Predisposed Women. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3430-3440. [PMID: 34292776 PMCID: PMC8547938 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in established breast cancer predisposition genes in women in the general population over age 65 years is not well-defined. However, testing guidelines suggest that women diagnosed with breast cancer over age 65 years might have < 2.5% likelihood of a PV in a high-penetrance gene. This study aimed to establish the frequency of PVs and remaining risks of breast cancer for each gene in women over age 65 years. METHODS A total of 26,707 women over age 65 years from population-based studies (51.5% with breast cancer and 48.5% unaffected) were tested for PVs in germline predisposition gene. Frequencies of PVs and associations between PVs in each gene and breast cancer were assessed, and remaining lifetime breast cancer risks were estimated for non-Hispanic White women with PVs. RESULTS The frequency of PVs in predisposition genes was 3.18% for women with breast cancer and 1.48% for unaffected women over age 65 years. PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 were found in 3.42% of women diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, 1.0% with ER-positive, and 3.01% with triple-negative breast cancer. Frequencies of PVs were lower among women with no first-degree relatives with breast cancer. PVs in CHEK2, PALB2, BRCA2, and BRCA1 were associated with increased risks (odds ratio = 2.9-4.0) of breast cancer. Remaining lifetime risks of breast cancer were ≥ 15% for those with PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2. CONCLUSION This study suggests that all women diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer or ER-negative breast cancer should receive genetic testing and that women over age 65 years with BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs and perhaps with PALB2 and CHEK2 PVs should be considered for magnetic resonance imaging screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Jie Na
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Lauren Teras
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alpa V. Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiyan Ma
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | | | - James M. Hodge
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chi Gao
- Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian D. Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | - Paul W. Auer
- UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Okada Y, Park SY, Wilkens LR, Maskarinec G, Shvetsov YB, Haiman C, Le Marchand L. White Rice Consumption and Risk for Colorectal Cancer among Japanese Americans: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2021; 33:170-176. [PMID: 34380917 PMCID: PMC9939926 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice is a staple food for Japanese, a population at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between white rice intake and CRC among Japanese Americans in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. METHODS The Multiethnic Cohort Study is a prospective study established in Hawaii and California in 1993-1996. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for quartiles of intake and to perform trend tests across sex-specific quartiles with adjustment for relevant confounders. RESULTS We identified 1,553 invasive CRC cases among 49,136 Japanese Americans (23,595 men and 25,541 women) during a mean follow-up of 19 years. White rice consumption was not associated with overall CRC incidence in men (p-trend = 0.11) or women (p-trend = 0.56). After excluding participants with a history of diabetes, the inverse associations were significant for CRC (p-trend = 0.03, HR for quartile 4 (Q4) vs. 1 = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64-1.03) and tumors of the distal colon (p-trend = 0.006, HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.66; 0.44-0.99) among men but not women. CONCLUSIONS White rice consumption was not associated with an increased risk of overall CRC among Japanese Americans. An inverse association was observed with risk of CRC and distal colon cancer in men without a history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuito Okada
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center.,Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
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29
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Gao C, Polley EC, Hart SN, Huang H, Hu C, Gnanaolivu R, Lilyquist J, Boddicker NJ, Na J, Ambrosone CB, Auer PL, Bernstein L, Burnside ES, Eliassen AH, Gaudet MM, Haiman C, Hunter DJ, Jacobs EJ, John EM, Lindström S, Ma H, Neuhausen SL, Newcomb PA, O'Brien KM, Olson JE, Ong IM, Patel AV, Palmer JR, Sandler DP, Tamimi R, Taylor JA, Teras LR, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon CM, Weinberg CR, Yao S, Weitzel JN, Goldgar DE, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Couch FJ, Kraft P. Risk of Breast Cancer Among Carriers of Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes Varies by Polygenic Risk Score. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2564-2573. [PMID: 34101481 PMCID: PMC8330969 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the joint association of pathogenic variants (PVs) in breast cancer (BC) predisposition genes and polygenic risk scores (PRS) with BC in the general population. METHODS A total of 26,798 non-Hispanic white BC cases and 26,127 controls from predominately population-based studies in the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium were evaluated for PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, BARD1, BRIP1, CDH1, and NF1. PRS based on 105 common variants were created using effect estimates from BC genome-wide association studies; the performance of an overall BC PRS and estrogen receptor-specific PRS were evaluated. The odds of BC based on the PVs and PRS were estimated using penalized logistic regression. The results were combined with age-specific incidence rates to estimate 5-year and lifetime absolute risks of BC across percentiles of PRS by PV status and first-degree family history of BC. RESULTS The estimated lifetime risks of BC among general-population noncarriers, based on 10th and 90th percentiles of PRS, were 9.1%-23.9% and 6.7%-18.2% for women with or without first-degree relatives with BC, respectively. Taking PRS into account, more than 95% of BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 carriers had > 20% lifetime risks of BC, whereas, respectively, 52.5% and 69.7% of ATM and CHEK2 carriers without first-degree relatives with BC, and 78.8% and 89.9% of those with a first-degree relative with BC had > 20% risk. CONCLUSION PRS facilitates personalization of BC risk among carriers of PVs in predisposition genes. Incorporating PRS into BC risk estimation may help identify > 30% of CHEK2 and nearly half of ATM carriers below the 20% lifetime risk threshold, suggesting the addition of PRS may prevent overscreening and enable more personalized risk management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Gao
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Hongyan Huang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Na
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paul L. Auer
- UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J. Jacobs
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Boston University School of Medicine and Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Population Health Sciences Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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30
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Wang J, Clay-Gilmour AI, Karaesmen E, Rizvi A, Zhu Q, Yan L, Preus L, Liu S, Wang Y, Griffiths E, Stram DO, Pooler L, Sheng X, Haiman C, Van Den Berg D, Webb A, Brock G, Spellman S, Pasquini M, McCarthy P, Allan J, Stölzel F, Onel K, Hahn T, Sucheston-Campbell LE. Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Variants in IRF4 Associated With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Susceptibility. Front Genet 2021; 12:554948. [PMID: 34220922 PMCID: PMC8248805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.554948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of common genetic variation in susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a group of rare clonal hematologic disorders characterized by dysplastic hematopoiesis and high mortality, remains unclear. We performed AML and MDS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts (2,309 cases and 2,814 controls). Association analysis based on subsets (ASSET) was used to conduct a summary statistics SNP-based analysis of MDS and AML subtypes. For each AML and MDS case and control we used PrediXcan to estimate the component of gene expression determined by their genetic profile and correlate this imputed gene expression level with risk of developing disease in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). ASSET identified an increased risk for de novo AML and MDS (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 1.26-1.51, Pmeta = 2.8 × 10-12) in patients carrying the T allele at s12203592 in Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor which regulates myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic differentiation. Our TWAS analyses showed increased IRF4 gene expression is associated with increased risk of de novo AML and MDS (OR = 3.90, 95% CI, 2.36-6.44, Pmeta = 1.0 × 10-7). The identification of IRF4 by both GWAS and TWAS contributes valuable insight on the role of genetic variation in AML and MDS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ezgi Karaesmen
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abbas Rizvi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Leah Preus
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yiwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy Webb
- Department on Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Guy Brock
- Department on Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Marcelo Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Philip McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - James Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, NY, United States
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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31
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Goodrich JK, Singer-Berk M, Son R, Sveden A, Wood J, England E, Cole JB, Weisburd B, Watts N, Caulkins L, Dornbos P, Koesterer R, Zappala Z, Zhang H, Maloney KA, Dahl A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Atzmon G, Barajas-Olmos F, Barzilai N, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bottinger E, Bowden DW, Centeno-Cruz F, Chambers JC, Chami N, Chan E, Chan J, Cheng CY, Cho YS, Contreras-Cubas C, Córdova E, Correa A, DeFronzo RA, Duggirala R, Dupuis J, Garay-Sevilla ME, García-Ortiz H, Gieger C, Glaser B, González-Villalpando C, Gonzalez ME, Grarup N, Groop L, Gross M, Haiman C, Han S, Hanis CL, Hansen T, Heard-Costa NL, Henderson BE, Hernandez JMM, Hwang MY, Islas-Andrade S, Jørgensen ME, Kang HM, Kim BJ, Kim YJ, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Kuusisto J, Kwak SH, Laakso M, Lange L, Lee JY, Lee J, Lehman DM, Linneberg A, Liu J, Loos RJF, Lyssenko V, Ma RCW, Martínez-Hernández A, Meigs JB, Meitinger T, Mendoza-Caamal E, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Morrison AC, Ng MCY, Nilsson PM, O'Donnell CJ, Orozco L, Palmer CNA, Park KS, Post WS, Pedersen O, Preuss M, Psaty BM, Reiner AP, Revilla-Monsalve C, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Saleheen D, Schurmann C, Sim X, Sladek R, Small KS, So WY, Spector TD, Strauch K, Strom TM, Tai ES, Tam CHT, Teo YY, Thameem F, Tomlinson B, Tracy RP, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Tusié-Luna T, van Dam RM, Vasan RS, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Wong TY, Burtt NP, Zaitlen N, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Pollin TI, Flannick J, Mercader JM, O'Donnell-Luria A, Baxter S, Florez JC, MacArthur DG, Udler MS. Determinants of penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic metabolic conditions across 77,184 exomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3505. [PMID: 34108472 PMCID: PMC8190084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of genetic variants have been reported to cause severe monogenic diseases, but the probability that a variant carrier develops the disease (termed penetrance) is unknown for virtually all of them. Additionally, the clinical utility of common polygenetic variation remains uncertain. Using exome sequencing from 77,184 adult individuals (38,618 multi-ancestral individuals from a type 2 diabetes case-control study and 38,566 participants from the UK Biobank, for whom genotype array data were also available), we apply clinical standard-of-care gene variant curation for eight monogenic metabolic conditions. Rare variants causing monogenic diabetes and dyslipidemias display effect sizes significantly larger than the top 1% of the corresponding polygenic scores. Nevertheless, penetrance estimates for monogenic variant carriers average 60% or lower for most conditions. We assess epidemiologic and genetic factors contributing to risk prediction in monogenic variant carriers, demonstrating that inclusion of polygenic variation significantly improves biomarker estimation for two monogenic dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Goodrich
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moriel Singer-Berk
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Son
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Sveden
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Wood
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleina England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nick Watts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lizz Caulkins
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Dornbos
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Zappala
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haichen Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andy Dahl
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville and Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erwin Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juliana Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Emilio Córdova
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (aka University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville and Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, División of Health Science, University of Guanjuato. Campus León. León, Guanjuato, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Boston University and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara Hernandez
- Department of Medical Science, División of Health Science, University of Guanjuato. Campus León. León, Guanjuato, Mexico
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | | | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal Singh Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Oneomics Soonchunhyang Mirae Medical Center, Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (aka University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Intramural Administration Management Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str. 2-3, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farook Thameem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of International Health, National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Wu AH, Franke AA, Wilkens LR, Tseng C, Conroy SM, Li Y, Sangaramoorthy M, Polfus LM, DeRouen MC, Caberto C, Haiman C, Stram DO, Le Marchand L, Cheng I. Risk of breast cancer and prediagnostic urinary excretion of bisphenol A, triclosan and parabens: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1426-1434. [PMID: 34013527 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan and parabens is widespread but their impact on breast cancer risk remains unclear. This nested case-control study investigated endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and breast cancer risk within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). We measured prediagnostic urinary BPA, triclosan and parabens in 1032 postmenopausal women with breast cancer (48 African American, 77 Latino, 155 Native Hawaiian, 478 Japanese American and 274 White) and 1030 individually matched controls, using a sensitive and validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine risk with these EDCs with adjustment for creatinine and potential confounders. In all women, breast cancer risk was not associated with BPA (Ptrend = 0.53) and was inversely associated with triclosan (ORT3 vs T1 = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66-1.04, Ptrend = 0.045) and total parabens (ORT3 vs T1 = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.97, Ptrend = 0.03). While risk of hormone receptor positive (HR+) cancer was 20% to 23% lower among women in the upper two tertiles of paraben exposure (Ptrend = 0.02), risk of HR negative (HR-) was reduced 27% but only among those in the upper tertile of exposure. Although risk associations did not differ significantly by ethnicity or by body mass index (BMI), the inverse association with triclosan was observed mainly among overweight/obese women (ORT3 vs T1 = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.56-1.02, Ptrend = 0.02). In summary, breast cancer risk in a multiethnic population was unrelated to BPA and was weakly inversely associated with triclosan and paraben exposures. Studies with multiple urine samples collected before breast cancer diagnosis are needed to further investigate these EDCs and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Chiuchen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shannon M Conroy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meera Sangaramoorthy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Linda M Polfus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mindy C DeRouen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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33
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Plym A, Penney KL, Kalia S, Kraft P, Conti DV, Haiman C, Mucci LA, Kibel AS. Evaluation of a Multiethnic Polygenic Risk Score Model for Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:771-774. [PMID: 33792693 PMCID: PMC9086757 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of common genetic variants have shown promise in prostate cancer risk stratification, but their validity across populations has yet to be confirmed. We evaluated a multiethnic PRS model based on 269 germline genetic risk variants (261 were available for analysis) using an independent population of 13 628 US men. The PRS was strongly associated with prostate cancer but not with any other disease. Comparing men in the top PRS decile with those at average risk (40%-60%), the odds ratio of prostate cancer was 3.89 (95% confidence interval = 3.24 to 4.68) for men of European ancestry and 3.81 (95% confidence interval = 1.48 to 10.19) for men of African ancestry. By age 85 years, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer for European American men was 7.1% in the bottom decile and 54.1% in the top decile. This suggests that the PRS can be used to identify a substantial proportion of men at high risk for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plym
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Kalia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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34
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Hu C, Hart SN, Gnanaolivu R, Huang H, Lee KY, Na J, Gao C, Lilyquist J, Yadav S, Boddicker NJ, Samara R, Klebba J, Ambrosone CB, Anton-Culver H, Auer P, Bandera EV, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Burnside ES, Carter BD, Eliassen H, Gapstur SM, Gaudet M, Haiman C, Hodge JM, Hunter DJ, Jacobs EJ, John EM, Kooperberg C, Kurian AW, Le Marchand L, Lindstroem S, Lindstrom T, Ma H, Neuhausen S, Newcomb PA, O'Brien KM, Olson JE, Ong IM, Pal T, Palmer JR, Patel AV, Reid S, Rosenberg L, Sandler DP, Scott C, Tamimi R, Taylor JA, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon CM, Weinberg C, Yao S, Ziogas A, Weitzel JN, Goldgar DE, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Kraft P, Polley EC, Couch FJ. A Population-Based Study of Genes Previously Implicated in Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:440-451. [PMID: 33471974 PMCID: PMC8127622 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based estimates of the risk of breast cancer associated with germline pathogenic variants in cancer-predisposition genes are critically needed for risk assessment and management in women with inherited pathogenic variants. METHODS In a population-based case-control study, we performed sequencing using a custom multigene amplicon-based panel to identify germline pathogenic variants in 28 cancer-predisposition genes among 32,247 women with breast cancer (case patients) and 32,544 unaffected women (controls) from population-based studies in the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility (CARRIERS) consortium. Associations between pathogenic variants in each gene and the risk of breast cancer were assessed. RESULTS Pathogenic variants in 12 established breast cancer-predisposition genes were detected in 5.03% of case patients and in 1.63% of controls. Pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were associated with a high risk of breast cancer, with odds ratios of 7.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.33 to 11.27) and 5.23 (95% CI, 4.09 to 6.77), respectively. Pathogenic variants in PALB2 were associated with a moderate risk (odds ratio, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.68 to 5.63). Pathogenic variants in BARD1, RAD51C, and RAD51D were associated with increased risks of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, whereas pathogenic variants in ATM, CDH1, and CHEK2 were associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Pathogenic variants in 16 candidate breast cancer-predisposition genes, including the c.657_661del5 founder pathogenic variant in NBN, were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study provides estimates of the prevalence and risk of breast cancer associated with pathogenic variants in known breast cancer-predisposition genes in the U.S. population. These estimates can inform cancer testing and screening and improve clinical management strategies for women in the general population with inherited pathogenic variants in these genes. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Hu
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Steven N Hart
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Rohan Gnanaolivu
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Hongyan Huang
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Kun Y Lee
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Jie Na
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Chi Gao
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Siddhartha Yadav
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Nicholas J Boddicker
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Raed Samara
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Josh Klebba
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Paul Auer
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Elizabeth S Burnside
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Brian D Carter
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Heather Eliassen
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Mia Gaudet
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Christopher Haiman
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - James M Hodge
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - David J Hunter
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Esther M John
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Allison W Kurian
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Sara Lindstroem
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Tricia Lindstrom
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Huiyan Ma
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Janet E Olson
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Irene M Ong
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Tuya Pal
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Julie R Palmer
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Alpa V Patel
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Sonya Reid
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Dale P Sandler
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Christopher Scott
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Jack A Taylor
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Celine M Vachon
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Clarice Weinberg
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Song Yao
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - David E Goldgar
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Susan M Domchek
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Peter Kraft
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Eric C Polley
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
| | - Fergus J Couch
- From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C. Hu, S.N.H., R.G., K.Y.L., J.N., J.L., S. Yadav, N.J.B., T.L., J.E.O., C.S., C.M.V., E.C.P., F.J.C.); Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.H., C.G., D.J.H., P.K.), Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (K.A.B., J.R.P., L.R.), and Brigham and Women's Hospital (H.E.) - all in Boston; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany (R.S., J.K.); Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (C.B.A., S. Yao), and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (R.T.) - both in New York; the University of California, Irvine (H.A.-C., A.Z.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte (L.B., H.M., S.N., J.N.W.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (C. Haiman), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (E.M.J., A.W.K.) - all in California; the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee (P.A.), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.S.B., I.M.O., A.T.-D.); the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.V.B.); the Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (B.D.C., S.M.G., M.G., J.M.H., E.J.J., A.V.P.); the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (C.K., P.A.N.) and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington (S.L.) - both in Seattle; the Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu (L.L.M.); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC (K.M.O., D.P.S., J.A.T., C.W.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.P., S.R.); the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.E.G.); and the Department of Medicine and the Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D., K.L.N.)
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Wu AH, Franke AA, Wilkens LR, Tseng C, Conroy SM, Li Y, Polfus LM, De Rouen M, Caberto C, Haiman C, Stram DO, Le Marchand L, Cheng I. Urinary phthalate exposures and risk of breast cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:44. [PMID: 33823904 PMCID: PMC8025373 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiologic evidence from observational studies on breast cancer risk and phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, has been inconsistent. In the only previous study based on pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and risk of breast cancer, results were null in mostly white women. METHODS We examined the association between pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and breast cancer in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, presenting the first data from five major racial/ethnic groups in the USA. We measured 10 phthalate metabolites and phthalic acid, using a sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay on 1032 women with breast cancer (48 African Americans, 77 Latinos, 155 Native Hawaiians, 478 Japanese Americans, and 274 Whites) and 1030 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine risk with individual metabolites and ratios of primary (MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate) to secondary (MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl); MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexy)) metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer. In addition, we investigated risk associations with high (∑HMWP) and low molecular weight (∑LMWP) phthalates, as well as total phthalates which included high and low molecular weight phthalates with phthalic acid (∑LMHMPA) or without phthalic acid in molar ratios (∑LMHMmolar) and adjusted for creatinine and potential confounders. RESULTS Among all women, breast cancer risk was higher for those in tertile 2 and tertile 3 of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP (MEHP/(MEHHP + MEOHP)) in comparison to those in tertile 1; the respective odds ratios were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04-1.68) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.96-1.66) (Ptrend = 0.05). Risk among Native Hawaiian women increased with exposures to eight of ten individual phthalates and total phthalates (∑LMHMPA ORT3 vs T1 = 2.66, 95% CI 1.39-5.12, Ptrend = 0.001). In analysis by hormone receptor (HR) status, exposure above the median of ∑LMWP was associated with an increased risk of HR-positive breast cancer (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.60) while above the median exposure to phthalic acid was associated with an increased risk of HR-negative breast cancer (ORabove vs below median = 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.48). CONCLUSIONS Further investigations of suggestive associations of elevated breast cancer risk with higher ratios of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP, and differences in risk patterns by race/ethnicity and HR status are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Wu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Chiuchen Tseng
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Shannon M. Conroy
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Linda M. Polfus
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mindy De Rouen
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Christian Caberto
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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36
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Palmer JR, Polley EC, Hu C, John EM, Haiman C, Hart SN, Gaudet M, Pal T, Anton-Culver H, Trentham-Dietz A, Bernstein L, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Bertrand KA, Bethea TN, Gao C, Gnanaolivu RD, Huang H, Lee KY, LeMarchand L, Na J, Sandler DP, Shah PD, Yadav S, Yang W, Weitzel JN, Domchek SM, Goldgar DE, Nathanson KL, Kraft P, Yao S, Couch FJ. Contribution of Germline Predisposition Gene Mutations to Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:1213-1221. [PMID: 32427313 PMCID: PMC7735769 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risks of breast cancer in African American (AA) women associated with inherited mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes are not well defined. Thus, whether multigene germline hereditary cancer testing panels are applicable to this population is unknown. We assessed associations between mutations in panel-based genes and breast cancer risk in 5054 AA women with breast cancer and 4993 unaffected AA women drawn from 10 epidemiologic studies. METHODS Germline DNA samples were sequenced for mutations in 23 cancer predisposition genes using a QIAseq multiplex amplicon panel. Prevalence of mutations and odds ratios (ORs) for associations with breast cancer risk were estimated with adjustment for study design, age, and family history of breast cancer. RESULTS Pathogenic mutations were identified in 10.3% of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, 5.2% of women with ER-positive breast cancer, and 2.3% of unaffected women. Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 were associated with high risks of breast cancer (OR = 47.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.43 to >100; OR = 7.25, 95% CI = 4.07 to 14.12; OR = 8.54, 95% CI = 3.67 to 24.95, respectively). RAD51D mutations were associated with high risk of ER-negative disease (OR = 7.82, 95% CI = 1.61 to 57.42). Moderate risks were observed for CHEK2, ATM, ERCC3, and FANCC mutations with ER-positive cancer, and RECQL mutations with all breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies genes that predispose to breast cancer in the AA population, demonstrates the validity of current breast cancer testing panels for use in AA women, and provides a basis for increased referral of AA patients for cancer genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Eric C Polley
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Chunling Hu
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Steven N Hart
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Mia Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tuya Pal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rohan D Gnanaolivu
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kun Y Lee
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Loic LeMarchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jie Na
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Payal D Shah
- Abramson Cancer Center and Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; and 16Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siddhartha Yadav
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - William Yang
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center and Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; and 16Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center and Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; and 16Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Erzurumluoglu AM, Liu M, Jackson VE, Barnes DR, Datta G, Melbourne CA, Young R, Batini C, Surendran P, Jiang T, Adnan SD, Afaq S, Agrawal A, Altmaier E, Antoniou AC, Asselbergs FW, Baumbach C, Bierut L, Bertelsen S, Boehnke M, Bots ML, Brazel DM, Chambers JC, Chang-Claude J, Chen C, Corley J, Chou YL, David SP, de Boer RA, de Leeuw CA, Dennis JG, Dominiczak AF, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Eaton C, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Foroud T, Goate A, Gong J, Grabe HJ, Haessler J, Haiman C, Hallmans G, Hammerschlag AR, Harris SE, Hattersley A, Heath A, Hsu C, Iacono WG, Kanoni S, Kapoor M, Kaprio J, Kardia SL, Karpe F, Kontto J, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kuulasmaa K, Laakso M, Lai D, Langenberg C, Le N, Lettre G, Loukola A, Luan J, Madden PAF, Mangino M, Marioni RE, Marouli E, Marten J, Martin NG, McGue M, Michailidou K, Mihailov E, Moayyeri A, Moitry M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Naheed A, Nauck M, Neville MJ, Nielsen SF, North K, Perola M, Pharoah PDP, Pistis G, Polderman TJ, Posthuma D, Poulter N, Qaiser B, Rasheed A, Reiner A, Renström F, Rice J, Rohde R, Rolandsson O, Samani NJ, Samuel M, Schlessinger D, Scholte SH, Scott RA, Sever P, Shao Y, Shrine N, Smith JA, Starr JM, Stirrups K, Stram D, Stringham HM, Tachmazidou I, Tardif JC, Thompson DJ, Tindle HA, Tragante V, Trompet S, Turcot V, Tyrrell J, Vaartjes I, van der Leij AR, van der Meer P, Varga TV, Verweij N, Völzke H, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Weir DR, Weiss S, Wetherill L, Yaghootkar H, Yavas E, Jiang Y, Chen F, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhou K, Amouyel P, Blankenberg S, Caulfield MJ, Chowdhury R, Cucca F, Deary IJ, Deloukas P, Di Angelantonio E, Ferrario M, Ferrières J, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Frossard P, Hall IP, Hayward C, Jansson JH, Jukema JW, Kee F, Männistö S, Metspalu A, Munroe PB, Nordestgaard BG, Palmer CNA, Salomaa V, Sattar N, Spector T, Strachan DP, van der Harst P, Zeggini E, Saleheen D, Butterworth AS, Wain LV, Abecasis GR, Danesh J, Tobin MD, Vrieze S, Liu DJ, Howson JMM. Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2392-2409. [PMID: 30617275 PMCID: PMC7515840 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10-8 in either analysis were taken forward for replication in up to 275,596 independent participants from UK Biobank. Lastly, a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies was performed. Sixteen SNVs were associated with at least one of the smoking behaviour traits (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery samples. Ten novel SNVs, including rs12616219 near TMEM182, were followed-up and five of them (rs462779 in REV3L, rs12780116 in CNNM2, rs1190736 in GPR101, rs11539157 in PJA1, and rs12616219 near TMEM182) replicated at a Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 4.5 × 10-3) with consistent direction of effect. A further 35 SNVs were associated with smoking behaviour traits in the discovery plus replication meta-analysis (up to 622,409 participants) including a rare SNV, rs150493199, in CCDC141 and two low-frequency SNVs in CEP350 and HDGFRP2. Functional follow-up implied that decreased expression of REV3L may lower the probability of smoking initiation. The novel loci will facilitate understanding the genetic aetiology of smoking behaviour and may lead to the identification of potential drug targets for smoking prevention and/or cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, 3052, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Gargi Datta
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robin Young
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tao Jiang
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sheikh Daud Adnan
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Afaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth Altmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clemens Baumbach
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David M Brazel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P David
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joe G Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Charles Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew Hattersley
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chris Hsu
- University of Southern California, California, CA, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jukka Kontto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nhung Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Massimo Mangino
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Alireza Moayyeri
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Aliya Naheed
- Initiative for Noncommunicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sune Fallgaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 74, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tinca J Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beenish Qaiser
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alex Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Rice
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mathematics, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå universitet, SE, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Maria Samuel
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven H Scholte
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam & Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yaming Shao
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Danielle Stram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Turcot
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries R van der Leij
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam & Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Ersin Yavas
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marco Ferrario
- EPIMED Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria at Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Epidemiology, UMR 1027- INSERM, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens, University, Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 74, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David Peter Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George!s, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danish Saleheen
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
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Zhong J, Jermusyk A, Wu L, Hoskins JW, Collins I, Mocci E, Zhang M, Song L, Chung CC, Zhang T, Xiao W, Albanes D, Andreotti G, Arslan AA, Babic A, Bamlet WR, Beane-Freeman L, Berndt S, Borgida A, Bracci PM, Brais L, Brennan P, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Buring J, Canzian F, Childs EJ, Cotterchio M, Du M, Duell EJ, Fuchs C, Gallinger S, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goggins M, Goodman GE, Goodman PJ, Haiman C, Hartge P, Hasan M, Helzlsouer KJ, Holly EA, Klein EA, Kogevinas M, Kurtz RJ, LeMarchand L, Malats N, Männistö S, Milne R, Neale RE, Ng K, Obazee O, Oberg AL, Orlow I, Patel AV, Peters U, Porta M, Rothman N, Scelo G, Sesso HD, Severi G, Sieri S, Silverman D, Sund M, Tjønneland A, Thornquist MD, Tobias GS, Trichopoulou A, Van Den Eeden SK, Visvanathan K, Wactawski-Wende J, Wentzensen N, White E, Yu H, Yuan C, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hoover R, Brown K, Kooperberg C, Risch HA, Jacobs EJ, Li D, Yu K, Shu XO, Chanock SJ, Wolpin BM, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chatterjee N, Klein AP, Smith JP, Kraft P, Shi J, Petersen GM, Zheng W, Amundadottir LT. A Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Candidate Susceptibility Genes for Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:1003-1012. [PMID: 31917448 PMCID: PMC7566474 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 20 pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry, much of its heritability remains unexplained and the genes responsible largely unknown. METHODS To discover novel pancreatic cancer risk loci and possible causal genes, we performed a pancreatic cancer transcriptome-wide association study in Europeans using three approaches: FUSION, MetaXcan, and Summary-MulTiXcan. We integrated genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 9040 pancreatic cancer cases and 12 496 controls, with gene expression prediction models built using transcriptome data from histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples (NCI Laboratory of Translational Genomics [n = 95] and Genotype-Tissue Expression v7 [n = 174] datasets) and data from 48 different tissues (Genotype-Tissue Expression v7, n = 74-421 samples). RESULTS We identified 25 genes whose genetically predicted expression was statistically significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (false discovery rate < .05), including 14 candidate genes at 11 novel loci (1p36.12: CELA3B; 9q31.1: SMC2, SMC2-AS1; 10q23.31: RP11-80H5.9; 12q13.13: SMUG1; 14q32.33: BTBD6; 15q23: HEXA; 15q26.1: RCCD1; 17q12: PNMT, CDK12, PGAP3; 17q22: SUPT4H1; 18q11.22: RP11-888D10.3; and 19p13.11: PGPEP1) and 11 at six known risk loci (5p15.33: TERT, CLPTM1L, ZDHHC11B; 7p14.1: INHBA; 9q34.2: ABO; 13q12.2: PDX1; 13q22.1: KLF5; and 16q23.1: WDR59, CFDP1, BCAR1, TMEM170A). The association for 12 of these genes (CELA3B, SMC2, and PNMT at novel risk loci and TERT, CLPTM1L, INHBA, ABO, PDX1, KLF5, WDR59, CFDP1, and BCAR1 at known loci) remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS By integrating gene expression and genotype data, we identified novel pancreatic cancer risk loci and candidate functional genes that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason W Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene Collins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Julie Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erica J Childs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manal Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert J Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Loic LeMarchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miquel Porta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Debra Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bogumil D, Conti D, Sheng X, Xia L, Shu XO, Pandol S, Blot W, Zheng W, Marchand LL, Haiman C, Setiawan VW. Abstract 2324: Replication and genetic risk score analysis for pancreatic cancer in a diverse multiethnic population. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers, and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in populations of European, Japanese, and Chinese-ancestry have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with pancreatic cancer risk. No studies yet have attempted to replicate these SNPs in African Americans, Latinos, or Native Hawaiians. In this study, we aimed to replicate the associations of 31 GWAS-identified SNPs with pancreatic cancer and build and test a polygenic risk score (PRS) for pancreatic cancer in an ethnically diverse population.
Methods: We evaluated 31 risk variants in a nested case control study within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). We included 692 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and 13,777 controls from African-American (230 cases/5,235 controls), white (132 cases/570 controls), Japanese-American (182 cases/3,284 controls), Latino (105 cases/ 2,935 controls), and Native Hawaiian (43 cases/1,753 controls) participants. We first tested the association between each SNP and PDAC in a combined sample and by race/ethnicity. We then established a PRS using the 31 SNPs and log-odds weights from the combined sample results and tested the association between the score and PDAC risk.
Results: Eleven of the 31 SNPs were replicated in the combined sample, ten initially discovered in GWAS of European ancestry and one in Japanese ancestry. Of these 11, three were also replicated in African Americans, two in whites, one in Japanese Americans, and one in Latinos at p<0.05. Additionally, we observed directional consistency of associations for 26 of 29 SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.05 in the multiethnic sample. The PRS showed strong performance in the multiethnic sample, with the top quintile (80%-100%) for the risk score associated with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% CI: 1.73, 2.99) for PDAC compared with the middle quintile. Notably, the PRS was associated with PDAC risk within each racial/ethnic group (OR for continuous PRS ranged from 1.27 in Native Hawaiians to 1.97 in African Americans; P heterogeneity=0.16).
Conclusion: This is the first study to test GWAS-identified risk variants associated with pancreatic cancer in a multiethnic population including high-risk African Americans, Japanese Americans and Latinos. We successfully replicated 11 of the 31 risk variants in the combined sample. PRS performance was high in majority of racial/ethnic groups. Our results suggest a potential utility of PRS with GWAS-identified risk variants for the identification of individuals at increased risk for PDAC across multiple ethnic groups.
Citation Format: David Bogumil, David Conti, Xin Sheng, Lucy Xia, Xiao-ou Shu, Stephen Pandol, William Blot, Wei Zheng, Loic Le Marchand, Christopher Haiman, Veronica Wendy Setiawan. Replication and genetic risk score analysis for pancreatic cancer in a diverse multiethnic population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2324.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Conti
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xin Sheng
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lucy Xia
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- 2Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Gomez SL, Cheng I, Shariff-Marco S, DeRouen MC, Hamilton AS, Lichtensztajn DY, Inamdar P, Oh D, Allen L, Beyer K, Zhou Y, Gibbons J, Pinder R, Press DJ, Conti D, Haiman C. Abstract IA21: Social factors and prostate cancer disparities in African American men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-ia21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
African-American (AA) men experience the highest prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates of all U.S. racial/ethnic groups. They are also known to present with more aggressive high-risk disease, especially of higher Gleason score and PSA levels. Factors contributing to the high burden of PCa among AA men are not known. AAs are exposed to considerably higher levels of social stressors such as institutional and interpersonal discrimination, early life adversity, crime, low socioeconomic status, social isolation, and resource-poor environments. These social stressors exist at multiple levels, from individual to neighborhood to institutional, and across the lifecourse, leading to chronic stress. These social stressors experienced among AA men may thus be a contributor to the development of aggressive PCa and high mortality. This presentation will explore the conceptual multilevel frameworks that emphasize the consideration and evaluation of exposures from “cells to society” to understand how “stress gets under the skin” to cause biologic vulnerability, specifically the high burden of PCa among AA men. Within the infrastructure of the new RESPOND (Research on Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry: Defining the Roles of Genetics, Immunity and Social Stress) Study, a nationwide cohort of 10,000 AA men with incident PCa, our project aims to: 1) Examine the associations between exposures to neighborhood social stressors and risk of aggressive PCa and mortality among AA and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Among population-based samples of all AA (N=149,000) and NHW (N=668,000) men diagnosed with PCa in the RESPOND catchment areas, we will link geospatial neighborhood data on segregation, racial composition, socioeconomic deprivation, and other social and built environment attributes to cancer registry data and examine the associations between these neighborhood factors and aggressive PCa and risk of mortality. 2) Examine the associations between exposures to multilevel social stressors across the lifecourse and risk of aggressive PCa among 10,000 AA men in RESPOND. 3) Examine the associations between exposures to multilevel social stressors across the lifecourse and genetic factors, as well as their combined effects in association with aggressive PCa. Covering 6 states and 1 metropolitan region and representing 38% of all AA men with PCa in the US, RESPOND will represent the single largest coordinated research effort to study aggressive PCa in AA men, with an innovative focus on social stressor exposures that are most relevant to this population. This project has the potential of identifying modifiable risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer to inform targeted prevention on a broad public health scale, such as targeting community support resources to neighborhoods with high stressors; the lifecourse approach will also provide the opportunity to identify critical time windows of disease susceptibility. The short-term impact of this research will be our expanded understanding of contextual- and individual-level stressors that are associated with aggressive disease among African American men, and the long-term impact, with future follow-up, is the determination of the effect of these social factors on disease progression and mortality.
Citation Format: Scarlett Lin Gomez, Iona Cheng, Salma Shariff-Marco, Mindy C. DeRouen, Ann S. Hamilton, Daphne Y. Lichtensztajn, Pushkar Inamdar, Debby Oh, Laura Allen, Kirsten Beyer, Yuhong Zhou, Joseph Gibbons, Richard Pinder, David J. Press, David Conti, Christopher Haiman. Social factors and prostate cancer disparities in African American men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Lin Gomez
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Iona Cheng
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Mindy C. DeRouen
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Ann S. Hamilton
- 2Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Daphne Y. Lichtensztajn
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Pushkar Inamdar
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Debby Oh
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Laura Allen
- 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | | | - Yuhong Zhou
- 3Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI,
| | | | - Richard Pinder
- 2Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | | | - David Conti
- 2Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Christopher Haiman
- 2Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
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Hamilton AS, Gomez S, Wu XC, Ward K, Bondy M, Cress R, Beebe-Dimmer J, Pawlish K, Park J, Cheng I, Stroup A, Sellers T, Gundell S, Demarzo A, Modjeski D, Chanock S, Shariff-Marco S, DeRouen M, Carpten J, Huang F, Sfanos K, Lotan T, Conti D, Haiman C. Abstract IA22: A comprehensive and integrated approach to identify factors associated with aggressive prostate cancer in African-Americans: The RESPOND Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-ia22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
African American (AA) men have a >60% higher incidence, are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive and potentially lethal PCa, and are more than twice as likely to die from PCa than white (WH) men. Reasons for the greater burden of aggressive disease in AA men are unknown but are likely to include a multitude of factors including social factors such as lifetime stress, inherited susceptibility, and tumor-related features such as somatic alterations and local inflammation in the microenvironment. RESPOND (Research on Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry: Defining the Roles of Genetics, Immunity and Social Stress) has been funded to study the reasons for increased risk of aggressive disease among AA and will include a comprehensive approach including the role of stress and the contextual environment (Project 1), germline susceptibility (Project 2), tumor somatic genetics (Project 3), inflammatory tumor microenvironment (Project 4), and, the integrated synergistic effects of these factors. Project 1: Social stress: AA men are uniquely exposed to high levels of social adversity such as discrimination, violence, crime, financial strain, and residence in poor-resourced environments, over their lifetime. These social stressors are experienced at multiple levels, including individual, neighborhood, and institutional, ultimately leading to chronic and long-term stress. Social stressors may be a contributor to the development of aggressive PCa and high mortality. Project 2: Germline genetic factors: There is evidence to suggest genetic differences in the allelic architecture of PCa across populations. We found a region of the genome (8q24) that harbored genetic risk alleles that may contribute to the greater risk of PCa in AA men. Substantially larger collections of AA cases are needed to reveal a common susceptibility locus that is specific to high-risk disease. We will be expanding genome-wide efforts to identify susceptibility alleles for aggressive PCa in AA men. Project 3: Somatic genetic factors. PCa is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease with a diverse genetic component. Few genetic or molecular drivers of aggressive disease have been identified, and studies in AA men are critically limited. This is due to the fact that the majority of PCa profiling studies have focused on localized disease and largely on men of European ancestry. We will address this issue through the comprehensive and integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of a large number of clinically annotated aggressive vs. nonaggressive PCas in AA men. We anticipate that this study will identify genomic markers of aggressive PCa in general and AA PCa in particular, with some of these somatic events being therapeutically actionable, leading to new treatment paradigms for this lethal disease. Project 4: Inflammatory tumor microenvironment. There is evidence to suggest that inflammation drives the formation of precursor lesions to PCa development and may contribute to PCa progression. The consistent observation of overexpression of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in PCa tumors from AA men points to a proinflammatory immune cell component in the tumors of these men that may contribute to PCa progression and their higher PCa mortality. Integration of social and genetic information: Independently evaluating germline, somatic genome, and tumor microenvironment characteristics of PCa ignores the potential for shared biologic mechanism(s). The integration of data across these domains will lead to the identification of shared genes and/or pathways that define more homogeneous, and clinically important, subsets of PCa tumors. The vast genomic and molecular data generated in the same individuals will facilitate the estimation of tumor subgroups as a function of somatic and tumor microenvironment and an assessment of their relationship with other potential PCa risk factors, such as socioeconomic factors, lifetime stress, and genomic germline variation. We will evaluate the association of integrated molecular profiles with recurrence and survival in the future. The RESPOND Cohort: We are in the process of recruiting a cohort of 10,000 incident AA PCa cases to support the four research projects. The men, diagnosed between 2015-2018, are being recruited through cancer registries in 7 states (California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas). The fieldwork procedures include enrolling the men by completion of a mailed (or online) survey, followed by a request to obtain a saliva sample and HIPAA authorization to obtain tumor tissue. Of the ~23,000 AA PCa patients we will contact, we estimate to receive a survey from 45% (10,050), DNA from 33% (7,543), HIPAA release from 26% (6,030) and tumor samples for 13% (3,015). Impact: In Project 1, we are studying the impact of multilevel stressors over the lifecourse on risk of developing aggressive and lethal PCa, providing both a means of identifying high-risk men for targeted prevention and treatment, as well as informing the etiology by which tumor aggressiveness arises. In Project 2, the ability to better understand, based on inherited variation, which AA men are at greater risk of developing aggressive and lethal PCa will help in the development of targeted screening and prevention strategies. In Project 3, delineating the genomic events that are acquired during the development of PCa in AA men may guide the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for men whose tumors display aggressive molecular signatures. In Project 4, the ability to define immune profiles associated with aggressive PCa in AA men could inform the development of cancer prevention and/or treatment strategies. Altogether, this body of research will provide impactful information as to the underlying factors that contribute to aggressive PCa in AA men.
Citation Format: Ann S. Hamilton, Scarlett Gomez, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Kevin Ward, Melissa Bondy, Rosemary Cress, Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer, Karen Pawlish, Jong Park, Iona Cheng, Antoinette Stroup, Thomas Sellers, Susan Gundell, Angelo Demarzo, Denise Modjeski, Stephen Chanock, Salma Shariff-Marco, Mindy DeRouen, John Carpten, Franklin Huang, Karen Sfanos, Tamara Lotan, David Conti, Christopher Haiman. A comprehensive and integrated approach to identify factors associated with aggressive prostate cancer in African-Americans: The RESPOND Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA22.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scarlett Gomez
- 2University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- 3Louisiana State University Health Center, New Orleans, LA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iona Cheng
- 2University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | | | | | - Susan Gundell
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | | | | | | | | | - Mindy DeRouen
- 2University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | - John Carpten
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Franklin Huang
- 2University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,
| | | | | | - David Conti
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
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Ji X, Mukherjee S, Landi MT, Bosse Y, Joubert P, Zhu D, Gorlov I, Xiao X, Han Y, Gorlova O, Hung RJ, Brhane Y, Carreras-Torres R, Christiani DC, Caporaso N, Johansson M, Liu G, Bojesen SE, Le Marchand L, Albanes D, Bickeböller H, Aldrich MC, Bush WS, Tardon A, Rennert G, Chen C, Byun J, Dragnev KH, Field JK, Kiemeney LF, Lazarus P, Zienolddiny S, Lam S, Schabath MB, Andrew AS, Bertazzi PA, Pesatori AC, Diao N, Su L, Song L, Zhang R, Leighl N, Johansen JS, Mellemgaard A, Saliba W, Haiman C, Wilkens L, Fernandez-Somoano A, Fernandez-Tardon G, Heijden EHFMVD, Kim JH, Davies MPA, Marcus MW, Brunnström H, Manjer J, Melander O, Muller DC, Overvad K, Trichopoulou A, Tumino R, Goodman GE, Cox A, Taylor F, Woll P, Wichmann E, Muley T, Risch A, Rosenberger A, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Shepherd F, Tsao MS, Arnold SM, Haura EB, Bolca C, Holcatova I, Janout V, Kontic M, Lissowska J, Mukeria A, Ognjanovic S, Orlowski TM, Scelo G, Swiatkowska B, Zaridze D, Bakke P, Skaug V, Butler LM, Offit K, Srinivasan P, Bandlamudi C, Hellmann MD, Solit DB, Robson ME, Rudin CM, Stadler ZK, Taylor BS, Berger MF, Houlston R, McLaughlin J, Stevens V, Nickle DC, Obeidat M, Timens W, Artigas MS, Shete S, Brenner H, Chanock S, Brennan P, McKay JD, Amos CI. Protein-altering germline mutations implicate novel genes related to lung cancer development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2220. [PMID: 32393777 PMCID: PMC7214407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Few germline mutations are known to affect lung cancer risk. We performed analyses of rare variants from 39,146 individuals of European ancestry and investigated gene expression levels in 7,773 samples. We find a large-effect association with an ATM L2307F (rs56009889) mutation in adenocarcinoma for discovery (adjusted Odds Ratio = 8.82, P = 1.18 × 10-15) and replication (adjusted OR = 2.93, P = 2.22 × 10-3) that is more pronounced in females (adjusted OR = 6.81 and 3.19 and for discovery and replication). We observe an excess loss of heterozygosity in lung tumors among ATM L2307F allele carriers. L2307F is more frequent (4%) among Ashkenazi Jewish populations. We also observe an association in discovery (adjusted OR = 2.61, P = 7.98 × 10-22) and replication datasets (adjusted OR = 1.55, P = 0.06) with a loss-of-function mutation, Q4X (rs150665432) of an uncharacterized gene, KIAA0930. Our findings implicate germline genetic variants in ATM with lung cancer susceptibility and suggest KIAA0930 as a novel candidate gene for lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ji
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yohan Bosse
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gorlova
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Demetrios Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adonina Tardon
- IUOPA. University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Faculty of Medicine, Campus del Cristo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konstantin H Dragnev
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle lung Cancer Research Programme, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lambertus Fa Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Pier A Bertazzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela C Pesatori
- Department of Preventive Medicine, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nancy Diao
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Leighl
- University Health Network- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, CA, USA
| | - Jakob S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Mellemgaard
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Saliba
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Somoano
- IUOPA. University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Faculty of Medicine, Campus del Cristo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Roy Castle lung Cancer Research Programme, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Marcus
- Roy Castle lung Cancer Research Programme, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonas Manjer
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - David C Muller
- School of Public Health, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Asp Ragusa, Italy
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Swedish Medical Group, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Penella Woll
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Erich Wichmann
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- University of Salzburg and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Susanne M Arnold
- University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ciprian Bolca
- Institute of Pneumology "Marius Nasta", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milica Kontic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anush Mukeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N.Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Simona Ognjanovic
- International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tadeusz M Orlowski
- Department of Surgery, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Beata Swiatkowska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N.Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preethi Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. KravisCenter for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. KravisCenter for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mark E Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. KravisCenter for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. KravisCenter for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - David C Nickle
- Merck Research Laboratories, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Christopher I Amos
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 7200 Cambridge St., 7th Floor, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Theiner S, Hu D, Huntsman S, Shieh Y, Fejerman L, Acerbi I, Sawyer SD, Kendall P, Zheng W, Huo D, Olopade OI, Haiman C, Kerlikowske K, Cummings S, John E, Torres-Mejia G, Kushi LH, Wolf D, Tice JA, Pearce DA, Esserman L, van ‘t Veer LJ, Ziv E. Abstract P2-10-05: A breast cancer multi-racial/ethnic polygenic risk score for improved personalized breast cancer screening. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p2-10-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) integrate risk information from breast cancer associated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism). The risk scores have mostly been developed in populations of European ancestry, and have been shown to improve risk prediction over standard breast cancer risk models in these populations. The ability of the PRS to personalize screening is currently being studied. We included PRS as a component of breast cancer risk assessment in the WISDOM Study, a trial of personalized vs. annual breast cancer screening. In order to account for race/ethnicity in PRS risk assessment, we developed a race/ethnicity calibrated and inclusive PRS risk score that we incorporated here into the Gail model to determine impact on risk stratification.
Methods: We constructed two different PRS for each race/ethnicity: For Caucasian populations, we constructed two PRS based on SNPs discovered in European-ancestry populations. One PRS was based on 167 SNPs (PRS-167) and the other based on 313 SNPs (PRS-313) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies as previously published. For each of the Asian-, Hispanic- and African-ancestry populations we added additional ancestry specific SNPs to the PRS-167 or the PRS-313, that were literature curated or our own identified race/ethnicity SNPs that we validated to provide independent risk prediction for their ancestry group: Asian added 10 or 4 additional SNPs, Hispanic 2 SNPs, and African 8 and 12 SNPs, respectively to each model. We tested this approach using datasets from several case-control studies of multiple racial/ethnic populations and compared discrimination of the models using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Furthermore, we applied our multi-racial/ethnic PRS-313 in a sample of ~3000 multi-racial/ethnic women from the Athena Breast Screening Registry, case-control sampled by Gail score to be at elevated (Gail >1.67) or average (Gail≤1.67) risk, to evaluate the impact of our multi-ethnic adjustment on risk stratification.
Results: A multi-race/ethnicity adjusted PRS-313 and PRS-167 plus ethnicity specific SNPs has moderate-high discriminatory power with AUROCs of 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. The specificity of our PRS-167 in the different race/ethnicity ancestries performs relatively well in Asian (AUROC 0.59) and Hispanic (AUROC 0.63) populations, but less so in African-ancestry (AUROC 0.56). Incorporating multi-race/ethnicity PRS into Gail model selected women, resulted in 20% of average-risk women transitioning to risk above 1.67%, and conversely, 38% of elevated risk patients were reclassified to average risk.
Conclusion: We constructed a PRS risk score that can be applied to multi-ethnic populations and found moderate-high discrimination. Additional work is needed for the African-ancestry population. The addition of a multi-race/ethnicity SNP model to risk classification based on the Gail model significantly changes risk stratification and clinical care recommendations due to down- or up-reclassification of women at average versus elevated risk.
Citation Format: Sarah Theiner, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Yiwey Shieh, Laura Fejerman, Irene Acerbi, Sarah D Sawyer, Paige Kendall, Wei Zheng, Dezheng Huo, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Christopher Haiman, Karla Kerlikowske, Steven Cummings, Ester John, Gabriela Torres-Mejia, Lawrence H Kushi, Denise Wolf, Jeffery A Tice, David A Pearce, Laura Esserman, Athena Breast Health Network Investigators and Advocate Partners, Laura J van ‘t Veer, Elad Ziv. A breast cancer multi-racial/ethnic polygenic risk score for improved personalized breast cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Theiner
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Donglei Hu
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yiwey Shieh
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Fejerman
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Irene Acerbi
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah D Sawyer
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paige Kendall
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wei Zheng
- 2Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Christopher Haiman
- 4Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise Wolf
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffery A Tice
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Laura Esserman
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Elad Ziv
- 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Couch FJ, Hu C, Hart SN, Gnanaolivu R, Lee KY, Na J, Gao C, Boddicker NJ, Eckloff B, Samara R, Klebba J, Ambrosone CB, Anton-Culver H, Auer P, Bernstein L, Gaudet MM, Haiman C, John EM, Neuhausen S, Olson JE, Pal T, Palmer JR, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon CM, Weinberg C, Yao S, Weitzel JN, Goldgar DE, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Kraft P, Polley EC. Abstract PD3-01: Population-based breast cancer risk estimates for predisposition gene mutations: Results from the CARRIERS study. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-pd3-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in several cancer predisposition genes included in hereditary multigene testing panels have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, estimates of breast cancer risks for each gene have in large part been derived from studies of high-risk populations enriched for family history of breast and ovarian cancer, young age of breast cancer diagnosis, or founder mutations. The breast cancer risks associated with mutations in many of these genes in the general population remain to be clearly defined. As clinical hereditary cancer genetic testing is already provided to many women at increased risk and may soon be offered to all breast cancer patients, population-based risk estimates associated with predisposition gene mutations will be needed for appropriate clinical management of mutation carriers. The “CAnceR RIsk Estimates Related to Susceptibility” (CARRIERS) consortium of 17 cohort-based case-control, population-based case-control, and family studies focused on estimation of population-based breast cancer risks and penetrance analysis for mutations in known and candidate breast cancer predisposition genes. Germline DNA from 39486 breast cancer cases and 35868 matched controls was subjected to dual bar-coded QIAseq multiplex amplification of 1733 target regions in 37 predisposition genes. Products from sets of 768 samples were pooled and sequenced in each lane of a HiSeq 4000 system. Mutations were called by GATK Haplotype Caller and Verdict. High quality sequence data was obtained for 99.3% of target regions. Here we report on results from 34741 population-based breast cancer cases and 32728 matched unaffected controls. The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis for cases was 61.2 years and mean age for controls was 61.1 years. Overall, 20.9% of cases and 14.3% of controls had a family history of breast cancer. Furthermore, 74.3% of cases and 75.8% of controls were non-Hispanic white, whereas 13.3% of cases and 15.3% of controls were African American. Among cases with tumor information available, 81.7% were ER-positive and 7.7% were triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). We assessed mutation frequencies in 24 genes including 12 established breast cancer predisposition genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, andTP53). The overall mutation frequency was 6.2% in cases and 2.7% in controls. Case-control association analysis after adjusting for study, age, family history of breast cancer, and race/ethnicity showed that BRCA1(OR=7.45; 95%CI:5.24-10.95) and BRCA2(OR=5.31; 95%CI:4.15-6.88) were associated with high risks of breast cancer in the general population. However, PALB2mutations were only associated with moderate risks (OR=3.63; 95%CI:2.57-5.26). ATMmutations conferred attenuated risks (OR=1.83; 95%CI:1.47-2.28) relative to studies of high-risk families or young onset breast cancers. NBNmutations were not associated with increased breast cancer risk. Mutations in BARD1, RAD51C, RAD51Dand XRCC2were specifically significantly associated with moderate risks of ER-negative breast cancer and TNBC, whereas mutations in ATM, CDH1and CHEK2were specifically significantly associated with ER-positive disease. On the basis of these findings age-related absolute breast cancer risks for commonly mutated genes were estimated. Overall, results from the CARRIERS study establish that mutations in predisposition genes are associated with lower risks of breast cancer in the general population than in enriched populations including high-risk families and young onset, bilateral, or multiple primary cases. We anticipate that the results from this study will inform cancer screening and other risk management strategies for women in the general population with mutations in predisposition genes.
Citation Format: Fergus J Couch, Chunling Hu, Steven N Hart, Rohan Gnanaolivu, Kun Y Lee, Jie Na, Chi Gao, Nicholas J Boddicker, Bruce Eckloff, Raed Samara, Josh Klebba, Christine B Ambrosone, Hoda Anton-Culver, Paul Auer, Leslie Bernstein, Mia M Gaudet, Christopher Haiman, Esther M John, Susan Neuhausen, Janet E Olson, Tuya Pal, Julie R Palmer, Dale P Sandler, Jack A Taylor, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Celine M Vachon, Clarice Weinberg, Song Yao, Jeffrey N Weitzel, David E Goldgar, Susan M Domchek, Katherine L Nathanson, Peter Kraft, Eric C Polley. Population-based breast cancer risk estimates for predisposition gene mutations: Results from the CARRIERS study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD3-01.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Na
- 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chi Gao
- 2Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Auer
- 6University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tuya Pal
- 11Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Song Yao
- 4Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- 2Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Pendergrass SA, Buyske S, Jeff JM, Frase A, Dudek S, Bradford Y, Ambite JL, Avery CL, Buzkova P, Deelman E, Fesinmeyer MD, Haiman C, Heiss G, Hindorff LA, Hsu CN, Jackson RD, Lin Y, Le Marchand L, Matise TC, Monroe KR, Moreland L, North KE, Park SL, Reiner A, Wallace R, Wilkens LR, Kooperberg C, Ritchie MD, Crawford DC. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study reveals potential pleiotropy in African Americans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226771. [PMID: 31891604 PMCID: PMC6938343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a hypothesis-generating phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify and characterize cross-phenotype associations, where one SNP is associated with two or more phenotypes, between thousands of genetic variants assayed on the Metabochip and hundreds of phenotypes in 5,897 African Americans as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) I study. The PAGE I study was a National Human Genome Research Institute-funded collaboration of four study sites accessing diverse epidemiologic studies genotyped on the Metabochip, a custom genotyping chip that has dense coverage of regions in the genome previously associated with cardio-metabolic traits and outcomes in mostly European-descent populations. Here we focus on identifying novel phenome-genome relationships, where SNPs are associated with more than one phenotype. To do this, we performed a PheWAS, testing each SNP on the Metabochip for an association with up to 273 phenotypes in the participating PAGE I study sites. We identified 133 putative pleiotropic variants, defined as SNPs associated at an empirically derived p-value threshold of p<0.01 in two or more PAGE study sites for two or more phenotype classes. We further annotated these PheWAS-identified variants using publicly available functional data and local genetic ancestry. Amongst our novel findings is SPARC rs4958487, associated with increased glucose levels and hypertension. SPARC has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is also known to have a potential role in fibrosis, a common consequence of multiple conditions including hypertension. The SPARC example and others highlight the potential that PheWAS approaches have in improving our understanding of complex disease architecture by identifying novel relationships between genetic variants and an array of common human phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Janina M. Jeff
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Frase
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott Dudek
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jose-Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute; University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ewa Deelman
- Information Sciences Institute; University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chun-Nan Hsu
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Tara C. Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kristine R. Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Larry Moreland
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sungshim L. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert Wallace
- Departments of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Departments of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Watts EL, Perez‐Cornago A, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Ardanaz E, Black A, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB, Chan JM, Chen C, Chubb SP, Cook MB, Deschasaux M, Donovan JL, English DR, Flicker L, Freedman ND, Galan P, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Habel LA, Häggström C, Haiman C, Hamdy FC, Hercberg S, Holly JM, Huang J, Huang W, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kubo T, Lane JA, Layne TM, Le Marchand L, Martin RM, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Milne RL, Morris HA, Mucci LA, Neal DE, Neuhouser ML, Oliver SE, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Pala V, Pernar CH, Pollak M, Rowlands M, Schaefer CA, Schenk JM, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Thysell E, Touvier M, Trichopoulou A, Tsilidis KK, Van Den Eeden SK, Weinstein SJ, Wilkens L, Yeap BB, Key TJ, Allen NE, Travis RC. The associations of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors with circulating concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in a pooled analysis of 16,024 men from 22 studies. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3244-3256. [PMID: 30873591 PMCID: PMC6745281 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been implicated in the aetiology of several cancers. To better understand whether anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors may play a role in cancer risk via IGF signalling, we examined the cross-sectional associations of these exposures with circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF-I and IGF-II) and IGFBPs (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3). The Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group dataset includes individual participant data from 16,024 male controls (i.e. without prostate cancer) aged 22-89 years from 22 prospective studies. Geometric means of protein concentrations were estimated using analysis of variance, adjusted for relevant covariates. Older age was associated with higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and lower concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3. Higher body mass index was associated with lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Taller height was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1. Smokers had higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and lower concentrations of IGFBP-3 than nonsmokers. Higher alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-II and lower concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-2. African Americans had lower concentrations of IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and Hispanics had lower IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 than non-Hispanic whites. These findings indicate that a range of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors are associated with circulating concentrations of IGFs and IGFBPs in men, which will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which these factors influence cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - H. Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA
- Department UrologyUniversity of California‐San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Program in EpidemiologyFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - S.A. Paul Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory MedicineFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical ResearchHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Geriatric MedicineRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA
| | | | | | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of SurgeryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jeff M. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health SciencesBristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Wen‐Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - J. Athene Lane
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in NutritionBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Richard M. Martin
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in NutritionBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | | | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of SurgeryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - Steven E. Oliver
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of York and the Hull York Medical SchoolYorkUK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthSection for Epidemiology, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Claire H. Pernar
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Medicine and OncologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Segal Cancer CentreJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Mari‐Anne Rowlands
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences and PathologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | | | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Gao C, Hu C, Hart SN, Gnanaolivu R, Lee KY, Lilyquist J, Boddicker NJ, Eckloff B, Samara R, Klebba J, Auer P, Bernstein L, Gaudet M, Anton-Culver H, Trentham-Dietz A, Palmer JR, Yao S, Haiman C, Olson JE, Domchek S, Weitzel J, Goldgar D, Nathanson KL, Polley EC, Couch FJ, Kraft P. Abstract 4177: The joint effects of polygenic risk scores and pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes on breast cancer risk in the general population: results from the CARRIERS study. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Understanding the joint effect on breast cancer risk of rare pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes and polygenic risk scores (PRS) from common variants can enable a precision approach to breast cancer management. Previous work found that PRS were associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers recruited from cancer genetics clinics (Kuchenbaecker et al. JNCI 2017). The joint effects of pathogenic variants and PRS have not been studied in samples drawn from the general population. There is also no existing study evaluating the effect of PRS in mutation carriers in genes other than BRCA1/2. Here we evaluate the joint effects of PRS and pathogenic mutations in established cancer predisposition genes in a population-based case-control sample.
Method: We analyzed 53,199 European-ancestry individuals (20,730 controls and 21,272 cases) drawn from 7 cohorts and 2 population-based case-control studies in the CAnceR RIsk Estimates Related to Susceptibility” (CARRIERS) consortium. Targeted sequencing was performed using dual bar-coded QIAseq. Mutation calling was conducted with Haplotype Caller and Vardict. We sequenced 18 breast cancer predisposition genes: ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CDKN2A, CHECK2, FANCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D and TP53. The PRS was calculated based on 128 common variants using effect estimates from the largest published breast cancer GWAS. The PRS was standardized to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. Logistic regression was performed to assess the combined effect of identified mutation and common variants (including main and interaction effects for carrier status and PRS).
Results: A total of 1,770 pathogenic mutations were observed. About 1% of the study sample had mutations in either BRCA1 (n=209) or BRCA2 gene (n=305), and 2.2% had mutations in other genes (n=1,176). The effect of PRS in BRCA1 carriers was OR= 0.97 (95%CI: 0.62, 1.52); however, this is not statistically significantly different from the PRS in non-carriers [OR=1.23 (95%CI: 1.20, 1.25)] or previous estimates in carriers [OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.11-1.17]. The effect of PRS in BRCA2 carriers was OR=1.87 (95%CI: 1.31, 2.78) which was statistically significantly different from that of the non-carriers. Among the mutation carriers in genes other than BRCA, the effect of PRS on breast cancer was OR=1.00 (95%CI: 0.88,1.15).
Conclusion: Consistent with previous studies, we did not find evidence that the effect of the PRS among BRCA1 carriers was statistically significantly different than non-carriers. We found some evidence that the PRS effect may be larger among BRCA2 carriers than non-carriers. Our results also suggest that PRS may not have a strong effect on breast cancer risk in mutation carriers of other predisposition genes; further work is needed for verification.
Citation Format: Chi Gao, Chunling Hu, Steven N. Hart, Rohan Gnanaolivu, Kun Y. Lee, Jenna Lilyquist, Nicholas J. Boddicker, Bruce Eckloff, Raed Samara, Josh Klebba, Paul Auer, Leslie Bernstein, Mia Gaudet, Hoda Anton-Culver, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Julie R. Palmer, Song Yao, Christopher Haiman, Janet E. Olson, Susan Domchek, Jeffrey Weitzel, David Goldgar, Katherine L. Nathanson, Eric C. Polley, Fergus J. Couch, Peter Kraft. The joint effects of polygenic risk scores and pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes on breast cancer risk in the general population: results from the CARRIERS study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Gao
- 1Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Auer
- 4UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Mia Gaudet
- 6Rollin School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | - Song Yao
- 10Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Susan Domchek
- 12University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- 1Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Couch FJ, Hu C, Hart SN, Gnanaolivu R, Lilyquist J, Lee KY, Gao C, Eckloff B, Anton-Culver H, Auer P, Bernstein L, Gaudet M, Haiman C, Palmer J, Tentham-Dietz A, Yao S, Domchek S, Weitzel JN, Goldgar DE, Nathanson KL, Kraft P, Polley EC. Abstract 4169: Population-based breast cancer risk estimates associated with cancer predisposition gene mutations from 32,298 breast cancer patients and 31,869 matched unaffected controls from the CARRIERS study. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Clinical germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition gene panels is used to identify women at increased risk for breast cancer. Pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes are associated with established risks of breast cancer and are actively used for risk management of breast cancer for women qualifying for genetic testing because of a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer or young age of diagnosis. However, the risks of breast cancer associated with mutations in these genes have likely been overestimated for many women in the general population. The goal of the “CAnceR RIsk Estimates Related to Susceptibility” (CARRIERS) study was to estimate breast cancer risks associated with mutations in hereditary cancer panel genes. Germline DNA from 32,298 breast cancer patients and 31,869 matched unaffected controls enrolled in cohorts and population-based case-control studies were sequenced to identify pathogenic mutations in 37 cancer predisposition genes.The average age at diagnosis was 61.2 years and the average age of last follow-up was 62.1 years. DNA was subjected to dual bar-coded QIAseq multiplex PCR-based amplification of 1733 target regions in 37 predisposition genes. Products from 768 samples were pooled and sequenced in a single lane of a HiSeq 4000 system. Mutations were called by GATK Haplotype Caller and Vardict.High quality sequence data was obtained for 99.3% of target regions. Pathogenic mutations in 12 known breast cancer predisposition genes were identified in 6.2% of all breast cancer cases and 2.1% of controls; and in 6.7% of African American breast cancer cases and 1.8% of controls. In case-control association analyses adjusted for age at diagnosis or last follow up and family history of breast and ovarian cancer, mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 were associated with high risks of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR)>4.0). Mutations in CHEK2 and BARD1 were associated with moderate risks of breast cancer (OR>2.0), whereas mutations in ATM had lower clinical relevance (OR=1.6). Stratification by ER, PR, and HER2 status of tumors found that BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and TP53 were associated with high risks of studies of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and that BARD1, BRIP1, FANCM, and RAD51C were associated with moderate risks of TNBC. Overall, results from the CARRIERS study establish that mutations in predisposition genes are associated with lower risks of breast cancer in the general population than in high-risk families. The age-related estimates of breast cancer risk for each of the hereditary cancer panel genes in this study may inform on the use of cancer screening and other risk management strategies for women in the general population with mutations in predisposition genes.
Citation Format: Fergus J. Couch, Chunling Hu, Steven N. Hart, Rohan Gnanaolivu, Jenna Lilyquist, Kun Y. Lee, Chi Gao, Bruce Eckloff, Hoda Anton-Culver, Paul Auer, Leslie Bernstein, Mia Gaudet, Christopher Haiman, Julie Palmer, Amy Tentham-Dietz, Song Yao, Susan Domchek, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, David E. Goldgar, Katherine L. Nathanson, Peter Kraft, Eric C. Polley. Population-based breast cancer risk estimates associated with cancer predisposition gene mutations from 32,298 breast cancer patients and 31,869 matched unaffected controls from the CARRIERS study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4169.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chi Gao
- 2Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Weitzel JN, Neuhausen SL, Adamson A, Tao S, Ricker C, Maoz A, Rosenblatt M, Nehoray B, Sand S, Steele L, Unzeitig G, Feldman N, Blanco AM, Hu D, Huntsman S, Castillo D, Haiman C, Slavin T, Ziv E. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, and other known breast cancer susceptibility genes among 1054 BRCA-negative Hispanics with breast cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:2829-2836. [PMID: 31206626 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and related cause of mortality among Hispanics, yet susceptibility has been understudied. BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations explain less than one-half of hereditary BC, and the proportion associated with other BC susceptibility genes is unknown. METHODS Germline DNA from 1054 BRCA-mutation-negative Hispanic women with hereditary BC (BC diagnosed at age <51 years, bilateral BC, breast and ovarian cancer, or BC diagnosed at ages 51-70 years with ≥2 first-degree or second-degree relatives who had BC diagnosed at age <70 years), 312 local controls, and 887 multiethnic cohort controls was sequenced and analyzed for 12 known and suspected, high-penetrance and moderate-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes (ataxia telangiectasia mutated [ATM], breast cancer 1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 [BRIP1], cadherin 1 [CDH1], checkpoint kinase 2 [CHEK2], nibrin [NBN], neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1], partner and localizer of BRCA2 [PALB2], phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN], RAD51 paralog 3 [RAD51C], RAD51D, serine/threonine kinase 11 [STK11], and TP53). RESULTS Forty-nine (4.6%) pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in 47 of 1054 participants (4.5%), including 21 truncating frameshift, 20 missense, 5 nonsense, and 4 splice variants, were identified in CHEK2 (n = 20), PALB2 (n = 18), ATM (n = 5), TP53 (n = 3), BRIP1 (n = 2), and CDH1 and NF1 (both n = 1) and none were identified in NBN, PTEN, STK11, RAD51C, or RAD51D. Nine participants carried the PALB2 c.2167_2168del PV (0.85%), and 14 carried the CHEK2 c.707T>C PV (1.32%). CONCLUSIONS Of 1054 BRCA-negative, high-risk Hispanic women, 4.5% carried a PV in a cancer susceptibility gene, increasing understanding of hereditary BC in this population. Recurrent PVs in PALB2 and CHEK2 represented 47% (23 of 49) of the total, suggesting a founder effect. Accurate classification of variants was enabled by carefully controlling for ancestry and the increased identification of at-risk Hispanics for screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Aaron Adamson
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Shu Tao
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Charité Ricker
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Asaf Maoz
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margalit Rosenblatt
- University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Bita Nehoray
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon Sand
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda Steele
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Gary Unzeitig
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California.,Gary Unzeitig MD Office, Laredo, Texas
| | - Nancy Feldman
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amie M Blanco
- University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Danielle Castillo
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Slavin
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elad Ziv
- University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,University of California at San Francisco Institute for Human Genetics, San Francisco, California
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Ooi BNS, Loh H, Ho PJ, Milne RL, Giles G, Gao C, Kraft P, John EM, Swerdlow A, Brenner H, Wu AH, Haiman C, Evans DG, Zheng W, Fasching PA, Castelao JE, Kwong A, Shen X, Czene K, Hall P, Dunning A, Easton D, Hartman M, Li J. The genetic interplay between body mass index, breast size and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:781-794. [PMID: 31243447 PMCID: PMC6659372 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking breast size to breast cancer risk has been inconsistent, and its interpretation is often hampered by confounding factors such as body mass index (BMI). Here, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the genetic associations between BMI, breast size and breast cancer risk. METHODS Summary-level genotype data from 23andMe, Inc (breast size, n = 33 790), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer risk, n = 228 951) and the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (BMI, n = 183 507) were used for our analyses. In assessing causal relationships, four complementary MR techniques [inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode and MR-Egger regression] were used to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS The genetic correlation (rg) estimated between BMI and breast size was high (rg = 0.50, P = 3.89x10-43). All MR methods provided consistent evidence that higher genetically predicted BMI was associated with larger breast size [odds ratio (ORIVW): 2.06 (1.80-2.35), P = 1.38x10-26] and lower overall breast cancer risk [ORIVW: 0.81 (0.74-0.89), P = 9.44x10-6]. No evidence of a relationship between genetically predicted breast size and breast cancer risk was found except when using the weighted median and weighted mode methods, and only with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative risk. There was no evidence of reverse causality in any of the analyses conducted (P > 0.050). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a potential positive causal association between BMI and breast size and a potential negative causal association between BMI and breast cancer risk. We found no clear evidence for a direct relationship between breast size and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiwen Loh
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peh Joo Ho
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chi Gao
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Vanderbilt University Nashville, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insititute Stockholm, Sweden
- Biostatistics Group, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Per Hall
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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