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Ghozali DA, Doewes M, Soetrisno S, Indarto D, Ilyas MF. Dose-response effect of L-citrulline on skeletal muscle damage after acute eccentric exercise: an in vivo study in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16684. [PMID: 38130917 PMCID: PMC10734431 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eccentric exercise may trigger mechanical stress, resulting in muscle damage that may decrease athletic performance. L-citrulline potentially prevents skeletal muscle damage after acute eccentric exercise. This study aimed to assess the dose-response effect of L-citrulline as a preventive therapy for skeletal muscle damage in mice after acute eccentric exercise. Methods This is a controlled laboratory in vivo study with a post-test-only design. Male mice (BALB/c, n = 25) were randomized into the following groups: a normal control (C1) (n = 5); a negative control (C2) with downhill running and placebo intervention (n = 5); treatment groups: T1 (n = 5), T2 (n = 5), and T3 (n = 5), were subjected to downhill running and 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg of L-citrulline, respectively, for seven days. Blood plasma was used to determine the levels of TNNI2 and gastrocnemius muscle tissue NOX2, IL-6, and caspase 3 using ELISA. NF-κB and HSP-70 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Skeletal muscle damage (plasma TNNI2 levels) in mice after eccentric exercise was lower after 250 and 500 mg/kg of L-citrulline. Further, changes in oxidative stress markers, NOX2, were reduced after a 1,000 mg/kg dose. However, a lower level of change has been observed in levels of cellular response markers (NF-κB, HSP-70, IL-6, and caspase 3) after administration of L-citrulline doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Conclusion L-citrulline may prevent skeletal muscle damage in mice after acute eccentric exercise through antioxidant effects as well as inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. In relation to dose-related effects, it was found that L-citrulline doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg significantly influenced the expression of NF-κB and HSP-70, as well as the levels of IL-6 and caspase 3. Meanwhile, only doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg had an impact on TNNI2 levels, and the 1,000 mg/kg dose affected NOX2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhoni Akbar Ghozali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Muchsin Doewes
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Soetrisno Soetrisno
- Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Dono Indarto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhana Fawwazy Ilyas
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
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2
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Inhibitory Effect of Bisdemethoxycurcumin on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010293. [PMID: 36615486 PMCID: PMC9822078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is an ingredient from the rhizome of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine turmeric. BDMC has been reported to have important pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and antiproliferative activities. However, its effect on atopic dermatitis has not been reported. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of BDMC on TNF-α/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells and on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice. Our studies showed in vitro that BDMC was able to significantly inhibit the mRNA expression of chemokines and cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells and alleviate their inflammatory response. Our studies found in vivo that BDMC was able to significantly improve the symptoms of DNCB-induced AD skin lesions, decrease the number of scratches, ear thickness, and spleen index, improve inflammatory cells and mast cell infiltration and decrease skin thickness. Moreover, it was also able to inhibit the mRNA expression levels of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, the results indicated that BDMC can improve atopic dermatitis in mice and that further clinical studies are warranted on its treatment of AD.
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhang H, Yuan M, Xiao L, Lu Y, Xu H. Trigonelline, An Alkaloid From Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Suppresses Mast Cell Activation and OVA-Induced Allergic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687970. [PMID: 34421593 PMCID: PMC8371462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigonelline, one of the active compounds from Leonurus japonicus Houtt., has been proven to have pharmacological value in diabetes, the central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that it may also be beneficial in controlling inflammation. However, the mechanism of the antiallergic effects of trigonelline has not been well studied. As the key effector cells participating in the development of allergies, mast cells have been linked to the pathogenesis of asthma for ages. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of trigonelline on activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and verified its anti-inflammatory properties using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. Trigonelline suppressed BMMC degranulation and decreased the production of the cytokines, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a dose-dependent manner. The potent mechanism is mainly through the suppression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Trigonelline can alleviate pathological damage in lung tissue and reduce the levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. RNA-seq results revealed the HIF-1α to be a potential target for the allergic reaction. Taken together, our study demonstrated that trigonelline can inhibit allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo, which may provide a basis for novel anti-inflammatory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Hao Y, Xing M, Gu X. Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1384. [PMID: 34068057 PMCID: PMC8152462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation-oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production. Based on the overview of the generation of oxidative stress, its effects on pigs, and signal transduction pathways, this paper discussed the nutritional measures to alleviate oxidative stress in pigs, in order to provide ideas for the nutritional research of anti-oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (M.X.)
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5
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Yougbare I, Belemnaba L, Morin C, Abusnina A, Senouvo YF, Keravis T, Lugnier C, Rousseau E. NCS 613, a Potent PDE4 Inhibitor, Displays Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Properties on A549 Lung Epithelial Cells and Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Explants. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1266. [PMID: 32973507 PMCID: PMC7466439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a deleterious process occurring in several pulmonary diseases; it is a driving force promoting tumorigenesis. By regulating local cyclic nucleotide concentration, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) govern important biological processes, including inflammation and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of NCS 613, a specific PDE4 inhibitor, on TNFα-treated human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and on human lung adenocarcinoma explants. PDE4 isoforms and inflammatory pathways mediated by p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and IκBα were analyzed by Western blot and immunostainings. Proliferation were performed using [3H]-thymidine incorporation under different experimental conditions. TNFα-stimulation increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, which was abolished by NCS 613 treatment. Concomitantly, NCS 613 restores IκBα detection level in human adenocarcinoma. An IC50 value of 8.5 μM was determined for NCS 613 on anti-proliferative properties while ERK1/2 signaling was down-regulated in A549 cells and lung adenocarcinoma explants. These findings shed light on PDE4 signaling as a key regulator of chronic inflammation and cancer epithelial cell proliferation. It suggests that PDE4 inhibition by NCS 613 represent potential and interesting strategy for therapeutic intervention in tackling chronic inflammation and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Yougbare
- Le Bilarium, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,UMR CNRS 7213, Biophotonics and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Lazare Belemnaba
- UMR CNRS 7213, Biophotonics and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Caroline Morin
- Le Bilarium, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdurazzag Abusnina
- UMR CNRS 7213, Biophotonics and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Yannick F Senouvo
- Le Bilarium, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Thérèse Keravis
- UMR CNRS 7213, Biophotonics and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Lugnier
- UMR CNRS 7213, Biophotonics and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institute of Physiology, FMTS-EA 3072, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Rousseau
- Le Bilarium, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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6
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Abdel-Megeed RM, El Newary SA, Kadry MO, Ghanem HZ, El-Shesheny RA, Said-Al Ahl HAH, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Hyssopus officinalis exerts hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via modulating GSK-3β, C-fos, NF-κB, ABCA1 and ABGA1 gene expression. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:483-491. [PMID: 32550200 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is contributed to dual interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. This impressed a great need for novel treatment strategy. Nevertheless, Hyssopus officinalis (H. officinalis) as a terrestrial herb is considered to be an important source of natural antioxidants, it could be assessed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent. Methods In the current study, HPLC identified the active constitutes of H. officinalis, including total polyphenols, and flavonoids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar albino rats via a single ip dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg BW). One week post diabetes induction, rats were administrated H. officinalis (500 mg/ kg BW) orally for one month. Molecular analysis was assessed to investigate the efficiency of H. officinalis on modulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes, in addition to apoptotic biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cellular oncogene-fos (C-fos) genes. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression were also assessed. Results H. officinalis alcoholic extract declared the presence of polyphenols as gallic acid and flavonoids as quercetin in addition to many active constituents. Apigenin-7-glucoside and Chlorgenic acid were the most common constituents in the extract. RT-PCR results declared a significant up-regulation in mRNA gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 upon H. officinalis treatment. Meanwhile, C-fos gene expression recorded a slight down-regulation. Gene expression of apoptotic biomarker GSK-3β demonstrated a significant down regulation as well as inflammatory biomarkers NF-κB and TNF-α. Conclusion From the data recorded, it could be concluded that H. officinalis exerts a great hypoglycemic potential via modulating C-fos, GSK-3β, NF-κB, TNF-α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression and signaling pathways and could be considered as an effective candidate for DMT2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Samah A El Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Hassan Z Ghanem
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Rabeh A El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein A H Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
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7
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Callegaro CC, Hoffmeister AD, Porto FG, Chaves L, Horn RC, Tissiani AC, Bianchi P, Taylor JA. Inspiratory threshold loading reduces lipoperoxidation in obese and normal-weight subjects. Physiol Int 2019; 106:158-167. [PMID: 31271310 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to increased oxidative stress. Although low-intensity physical exercise reduces oxidative stress, obese subjects may show exercise intolerance. For these subjects, inspiratory threshold loading could be an alternative tool to reduce oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of inspiratory threshold loading on biomarkers of oxidative stress in obese and normal-weight subjects. Twenty obese (31.4 ± 6 years old, 10 men and 10 women, 37.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and 20 normal-weight (29.4 ± 8 years old, 10 men and 10 women, 23.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2) subjects matched for age and gender participated in the study. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was assessed by a pressure transducer. Blood sampling was performed before and after loading and control protocols to assess thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonylation, and reduced glutathione. Inspiratory threshold loading was performed at 60% MIP and maintained until task failure. The 30-min control protocol was performed at 0 cmH2O. Our results demonstrated that inspiratory threshold loading reduced TBARS across time in obese (6.21 ± 2.03 to 4.91 ± 2.14 nmol MDA/ml) and normal-weight subjects (5.60 ± 3.58 to 4.69 ± 2.80 nmol MDA/ml; p = 0.007), but no change was observed in protein carbonyls and glutathione in both groups. The control protocol showed no significant changes in TBARS and protein carbonyls. However, reduced glutathione was increased across time in both groups (obese: from 0.50 ± 0.37 to 0.56 ± 0.35 μmol GSH/ml; normal-weight: from 0.61 ± 0.11 to 0.81 ± 0.23 μmol GSH/ml; p = 0.002). These findings suggest that inspiratory threshold loading could be potentially used as an alternative tool to reduce oxidative stress in both normal-weight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Callegaro
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A D Hoffmeister
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - F G Porto
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - L Chaves
- 3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - R C Horn
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | | | - Pda Bianchi
- 3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - J A Taylor
- 4 Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Giannakopoulou CE, Sotiriou A, Dettoraki M, Yang M, Perlikos F, Toumpanakis D, Prezerakos G, Koutsourelakis I, Kastis GA, Vassilakopoulou V, Mizi E, Papalois A, Greer JJ, Vassilakopoulos T. Regulation of breathing pattern by IL-10. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R190-R202. [PMID: 31091151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00065.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) affect the control of breathing. Our aim is to determine the effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 οn the control of breathing. IL-10 knockout mice (IL-10-/-, n = 10) and wild-type mice (IL-10+/+, n = 10) were exposed to the following test gases: hyperoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-93% O2, normoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-21% O2, hypoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-10% O2, and hypoxic normocapnia 3% CO2-10% O2. The ventilatory function was assessed using whole body plethysmography. Recombinant mouse IL-10 (rIL-10; 10 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to wild-type mice (n = 10) 30 min before the onset of gas challenge. IL-10 was administered in neonatal medullary slices (10-30 ng/ml, n = 8). We found that IL-10-/- mice exhibited consistently increased frequency and reduced tidal volume compared with IL-10+/+ mice during room air breathing and in all test gases (by 23.62 to 33.2%, P < 0.05 and -36.23 to -41.69%, P < 0.05, respectively). In all inspired gases, the minute ventilation of IL-10-/- mice was lower than IL-10+/+ (by -15.67 to -22.74%, P < 0.05). The rapid shallow breathing index was higher in IL-10-/- mice compared with IL-10+/+ mice in all inspired gases (by 50.25 to 57.5%, P < 0.05). The intraperitoneal injection of rIL-10 caused reduction of the respiratory rate and augmentation of the tidal volume in room air and also in all inspired gases (by -12.22 to -29.53 and 32.18 to 45.11%, P < 0.05, respectively). IL-10 administration in neonatal rat (n = 8) in vitro rhythmically active medullary slice preparations did not affect either rhythmicity or peak amplitude of hypoglossal nerve discharge. In conclusion, IL-10 may induce a slower and deeper pattern of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoula Eleni Giannakopoulou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Adamantia Sotiriou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Dettoraki
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Michael Yang
- Experimental Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Attica, Greece
| | - Fotis Perlikos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Toumpanakis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Prezerakos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Koutsourelakis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios A Kastis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Vyronia Vassilakopoulou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleftheria Mizi
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | | | - John J Greer
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
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Zhong Z, Sun Y, Wang B, Sun Q, Yang G, Bian L. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in ferrous iron-induced aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:142-149. [PMID: 30914277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for multiple metabolic reactions, but excessive iron accumulation in the brain can lead to astrocyte swelling and death and cause cerebral edema. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the important water channel expressed in the astrocytes, and maintains the water homeostasis of the brain. Previous study has shown that iron deposition could increase AQP4 expression, however, the mechanism of AQP4 expression upregulation after iron overload is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ferrous iron overload on AQP4 expression in cultured mouse astrocytes. Primary cultures of astrocytes were exposed to ferrous iron, and the expression of AQP4 as well as the swelling of astrocyte were determined. AQP4 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The role of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in ferrous iron-induced AQP4 expression upregulation were further studied. Ferrous iron exposure induced astrocyte death as well as cell swelling, and increased AQP4 expression. AQP4 gene silencing after siRNA transfection attenuated ferrous iron-induced astrocyte death. After treatment with antioxidants, the increased AQP4 expression was diminished. MAPKs were activated after ferrous iron treatment, and inhibitors of ERK and p38-MAPK relieved AQP4 expression upregulation as well as astrocyte death. These results suggest that ferrous iron has distinctive toxic effects on cultured astrocytes and induces AQP4 expression upregulation. MAPKs activation may play important roles in ferrous iron-induced astrocyte death through upregulation of AQP4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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10
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Wu PC, Chuo WH, Lin SC, Lehman CW, Lien CZ, Wu CS, Lin CC. Sclareol attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:109-116. [PMID: 30704333 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1555846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% of children and 1% of adults worldwide. Treatment of atopic dermatitis include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, such as calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate. However, these treatments often bring about adverse effects including skin atrophy, osteoporosis, skin cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of sclareol, a natural diterpene, on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effect of sclareol in vivo model, BALB/c mice were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally with sclareol (50 and 100 mg/kg) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like murine model. Major assays were enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological analysis, flow cytometry, western blot analysis. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of sclareol (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated AD-like symptoms, such as serum IgE levels, epidermal/dermal hyperplasia, and the numbers of infiltrated mast cells. In addition, systemic sclareol treatments reduced local pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, including IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-4, IFN-g, and IL-17A, on AD-like lesions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sclareol also suppressed T cell activation and the capability of cytokine productions (IFN-g, IL-4 and IL-17A) in response to DNCB stimulation. By examining the skin homogenate, we found that sclareol inhibited the AD-like severity likely through suppressions of both NF-kB translocation and phosphorylation of the MAP kinase pathway. Discussion and conclusions: Cumulatively, our results indicate that sclareol induced anti-inflammatory effects against the atopic dermatitis elicited by DNCB. Thus, sclareol is worth of being further evaluated for its potential therapeutic benefits for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- a Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ho Chuo
- b Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- c School of Systems Biology , National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Caitlin W Lehman
- c School of Systems Biology , National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Christopher Z Lien
- d Biodefense Program, Schar School of Policy and Government , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- e Department of Dermatology , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- f Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,g Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan , ROC
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11
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p38 Inhibition Ameliorates Inspiratory Resistive Breathing-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation. Inflammation 2019; 41:1873-1887. [PMID: 29974374 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB), a hallmark of obstructive airway diseases, is associated with strenuous contractions of the inspiratory muscles and increased negative intrathoracic pressures that act as an injurious stimulus to the lung. We have shown that IRB induces pulmonary inflammation in healthy animals. p38 kinase is activated in the lung under stress. We hypothesized that p38 is activated during IRB and contributes to IRB-induced pulmonary inflammation. Anesthetized, tracheostomized rats breathed spontaneously through a two-way valve. Resistance was connected to the inspiratory port to provoke a peak tidal inspiratory pressure 50% of maximum. Following 3 and 6 h of IRB, respiratory system mechanics were measured and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. Phosphorylated p38, TNF-α, and MIP-2α were detected in lung tissue. Lung injury was estimated histologically. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) was administered prior to IRB (1 mg kg-1). Six hours of IRB increased phosphorylated p38 in the lung, compared with quietly breathing controls (p = 0.001). Six hours of IRB increased the numbers of macrophages and neutrophils (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005) in BAL fluid. BAL protein levels and lung elasticity increased after both 3 and 6 h IRB. TNF-α and MIP-2α increased after 6 h of IRB (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Increased lung injury score was detected at 6 h IRB. SB203580 administration blocked the increase of neutrophils and macrophages at 6 h IRB (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005 to 6 h IRB) but not the increase in BAL protein and elasticity. TNF-α, MIP-2α, and injury score at 6 h IRB returned to control. p38 activation contributes to IRB-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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12
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ODC1 inhibits the inflammatory response and ROS-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:734-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Zahoor I, de Koning DJ, Hocking PM. Transcriptional profile of breast muscle in heat stressed layers is similar to that of broiler chickens at control temperature. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:69. [PMID: 28931372 PMCID: PMC5607596 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the commercial importance of changes in muscle function of broiler chickens and of the corresponding effects on meat quality has increased. Furthermore, broilers are more sensitive to heat stress during transport and at high ambient temperatures than smaller egg-laying chickens. We hypothesised that heat stress would amplify muscle damage and expression of genes that are involved in such changes and, thus, lead to the identification of pathways and networks associated with broiler muscle and meat quality traits. Broiler and layer chickens were exposed to control or high ambient temperatures to characterise differences in gene expression between the two genotypes and the two environments. RESULTS Whole-genome expression studies in breast muscles of broiler and layer chickens were conducted before and after heat stress; 2213 differentially-expressed genes were detected based on a significant (P < 0.05) genotype × treatment interaction. This gene set was analysed with the BioLayout Express3D and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and relevant biological pathways and networks were identified. Genes involved in functions related to inflammatory reactions, cell death, oxidative stress and tissue damage were upregulated in control broilers compared with control and heat-stressed layers. Expression of these genes was further increased in heat-stressed broilers. CONCLUSIONS Differences in gene expression between broiler and layer chickens under control and heat stress conditions suggest that damage of breast muscles in broilers at normal ambient temperatures is similar to that in heat-stressed layers and is amplified when broilers are exposed to heat stress. The patterns of gene expression of the two genotypes under heat stress were almost the polar opposite of each other, which is consistent with the conclusion that broiler chickens were not able to cope with heat stress by dissipating their body heat. The differentially expressed gene networks and pathways were consistent with the pathological changes that are observed in the breast muscle of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Zahoor
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Dirk-Jan de Koning
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul M Hocking
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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14
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Mehani SHM. Immunomodulatory effects of two different physical therapy modalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1527-1533. [PMID: 28931981 PMCID: PMC5599814 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Counteracting the systemic cytokine release and its inflammatory effects by
improving respiratory muscle strength and controlling lung inflammation may be important
for improving immune system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, So the
aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy and
inspiratory muscle training on interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a marker of inflammation and
CD4+/CD8+ ratio as a marker for T Lymphocytes in these patients. [Subjects and Methods]
Forty male patients with stable COPD participated in the study, their ages ranged between
55−65 years. They were randomly divided into group (A) who received inspiratory muscle
training and group (B) who received low level laser (LLL) acupuncture stimulation for
about 8 week. [Results] There was a reduction in the concentration of plasma IL-6
associated with an increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio in both groups, but laser was superior to
inspiratory muscle training. IL-6 and CD4+/CD8+ were negatively correlated. [Conclusion]
Both inspiratory muscle training and low level laser therapy are effective physical
therapy modalities in promoting immune disturbances. The results also supported the
superior role of LLLT over IMT in managing immune disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Hassan M Mehani
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University: Benisuef Elgadata, Street no.18, Benisuef governorate, Egypt
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15
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Evidence of a Redox-Dependent Regulation of Immune Responses to Exercise-Induced Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2840643. [PMID: 27974950 PMCID: PMC5126438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2840643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We used thiol-based antioxidant supplementation (n-acetylcysteine, NAC) to determine whether immune mobilisation following skeletal muscle microtrauma induced by exercise is redox-sensitive in healthy humans. According to a two-trial, double-blind, crossover, repeated measures design, 10 young men received either placebo or NAC (20 mg/kg/day) immediately after a muscle-damaging exercise protocol (300 eccentric contractions) and for eight consecutive days. Blood sampling and performance assessments were performed before exercise, after exercise, and daily throughout recovery. NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. The rise of muscle damage and inflammatory markers (muscle strength, creatine kinase activity, CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules) was less pronounced in NAC during the first phase of recovery. The rise of leukocyte and neutrophil count was decreased by NAC after exercise. Results on immune cell subpopulations obtained by flow cytometry indicated that NAC ingestion reduced the exercise-induced rise of total macrophages, HLA+ macrophages, and 11B+ macrophages and abolished the exercise-induced upregulation of B lymphocytes. Natural killer cells declined only in PLA immediately after exercise. These results indicate that thiol-based antioxidant supplementation blunts immune cell mobilisation in response to exercise-induced inflammation suggesting that leukocyte mobilization may be under redox-dependent regulation.
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16
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Domínguez-Álvarez M, Gea J, Barreiro E. Inflammatory Events and Oxidant Production in the Diaphragm, Gastrocnemius, and Blood of Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: Therapeutic Strategies. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1165-1175. [PMID: 27635524 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that inflammatory events and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles, and blood of a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) experimental model and that antioxidants and TNF-alpha blockade may influence those events. In blood, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius of rats non-invasively exposed to CIH (10% hypoxia, 2 h/day, 14 consecutive days) with/without concomitant treatment with either anti-TNF-alpha antibody (infliximab) or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), inflammatory cytokines, superoxide anion production, muscle structural abnormalities, and fiber-type composition were assessed. Compared to non-exposed controls, in CIH-exposed rats, body weight gain was reduced, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma levels were increased in diaphragm, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta plasma levels were greater, systemic and muscle superoxide anion production was higher, diaphragm and gastrocnemius inflammatory cells and internal nuclei were higher, and muscle fiber-type and morphometry remained unmodified. CIH rats treated with infliximab further increased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma diaphragm levels, whereas NAC induced a reduction only in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in diaphragm and plasma. Infliximab and NAC elicited a significant decline in superoxide anion production in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and plasma, while inducing a further increase in inflammatory cells and internal nuclei in both muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines are differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles and plasma of CIH-exposed rats, while superoxide anion production increased in both muscle types and blood. Infliximab and NAC exerted different effects. These findings may help understand the biology underlying CIH in skeletal muscles and blood of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1165-1175, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Domínguez-Álvarez
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Vassilakopoulos T, Toumpanakis D. Can resistive breathing injure the lung? Implications for COPD exacerbations. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2377-2384. [PMID: 27713628 PMCID: PMC5044984 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In obstructive lung diseases, airway inflammation leads to bronchospasm and thus resistive breathing, especially during exacerbations. This commentary discusses experimental evidence that resistive breathing per se (the mechanical stimulus) in the absence of underlying airway inflammation leads to lung injury and inflammation (mechanotransduction). The potential implications of resistive breathing-induced mechanotrasduction in COPD exacerbations are presented along with the available clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Toumpanakis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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18
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Yan W, Xiaoli L, Guoliang A, Zhonghui Z, Di L, Ximeng L, Piye N, Li C, Lin T. SB203580 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat silicosis model. Toxicol Lett 2016; 259:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Hillas G, Perlikos F, Toumpanakis D, Litsiou E, Nikolakopoulou S, Sagris K, Vassilakopoulos T. Controlled Mechanical Ventilation Attenuates the Systemic Inflammation of Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:696-8. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1700le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Welc SS, Morse DA, Mattingly AJ, Laitano O, King MA, Clanton TL. The Impact of Hyperthermia on Receptor-Mediated Interleukin-6 Regulation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148927. [PMID: 26872389 PMCID: PMC4752463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory cells, hyperthermia inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and protein secretion. Since hyperthermia alone stimulates IL-6 in skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that it would amplify responses to other receptor-mediated stimuli. IL-6 regulation was tested in C2C12 myotubes and in soleus during treatment with epinephrine (EPI) or LPS. In EPI-treated myotubes (100 ng/ml), 1 h exposure at 40.5°C-42°C transiently increased IL-6 mRNA compared to EPI treatment alone at 37°C. In LPS-treated myotubes (1 μg/ml), exposure to 41°C-42°C also increased IL-6 mRNA. In isolated mouse soleus, similar amplifications of IL-6 gene expression were observed in 41°C, during both low (1 ng/ml) and high dose (100 ng/ml) EPI, but only in high dose LPS (1 μg/ml). In myotubes, heat increased IL-6 secretion during EPI exposure but had no effect or inhibited secretion with LPS. In soleus there were no effects of heat on IL-6 secretion during either EPI or LPS treatment. Mechanisms for the effects of heat on IL-6 mRNA were explored using a luciferase-reporter in C2C12 myotubes. Overexpression of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) had no impact on IL-6 promoter activity during EPI stimulation, but elevated IL-6 promoter activity during LPS stimulation. In contrast, when the activator protein-1 (AP-1) element was mutated, responses to both LPS and EPI were suppressed in heat. Using siRNA against activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), a heat-stress-induced inhibitor of IL-6, no ATF-3-dependent effects were observed. The results demonstrate that, unlike inflammatory cells, hyperthermia in muscle fibers amplifies IL-6 gene expression to EPI and LPS. The effect appears to reflect differential engagement of HSF-1 and AP-1 sensitive elements on the IL-6 gene, with no evidence for involvement of ATF-3. The functional significance of increased IL-6 mRNA expression during heat may serve to overcome the well-known suppression of protein synthetic pathways occurring during heat shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Welc
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Morse
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Mattingly
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Orlando Laitano
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Physical Education School, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Michelle A. King
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Clanton
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Han B, Zhou H, Jia G, Wang Y, Song Z, Wang G, Pan S, Bai X, Lv J, Sun B. MAPKs and Hsc70 are critical to the protective effect of molecular hydrogen during the early phase of acute pancreatitis. FEBS J 2016; 283:738-56. [PMID: 26683671 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2 ) has been proven to be an effective agent that can cure multiple organ diseases by reducing oxidative stress. Although the protective effect of hydrogen on acute pancreatitis (AP) has been confirmed, its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this article, we aimed to investigate the changes in pancreatic cell protein expression associated with the protective effect of H2 against AP and attempted to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying this process. A proteomic analysis identified 73 differentially expressed proteins and generated the protein-protein interaction networks of these proteins. The results triggered our interest in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (Hsc70). The subsequent in vitro experiments showed that H2 treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK, and activated NF-κB and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β, while simultaneously preventing the translocation of phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK, and phospho-p38 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Furthermore, Hsc70 expression was upregulated by H2 administration. The animal experimental results were consistent with those of the in vitro experiments. In conclusion, H2 treatment can ameliorate the inflammatory response and reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators during the early phase of AP by inhibiting the MAPK pathways and increasing Hsc70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, China.,Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Haoxin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zengfu Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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22
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Reduces Oxidative Injury via Glutathione Activity in Sheep. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9151290. [PMID: 26640618 PMCID: PMC4657145 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9151290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important sensor of Gram-negative bacteria and can trigger activation of the innate immune system. Increased activation of TLR4 can lead to the induction of oxidative stress. Herein, the pathway whereby TLR4 affects antioxidant activity was studied. In TLR4-overexpressing sheep, TLR4 expression was found to be related to the integration copy number when monocytes were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Consequently, production of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased, which could increase the activation of prooxidative stress enzymes. Meanwhile, activation of an antioxidative enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), was increased. Real-time PCR showed that expression of activating protein-1 (AP-1) and the antioxidative-related genes was increased. By contrast, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) were reduced. In transgenic sheep, glutathione (GSH) levels were dramatically reduced. Furthermore, transgenic sheep were intradermally injected with LPS in each ear. The amounts of inflammatory infiltrates were correlated with the number of TLR4 copies that were integrated in the genome. Additionally, the translation of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) was increased. Our findings indicated that overexpression of TLR4 in sheep could ameliorate oxidative injury through GSH secretion that was induced by LPS stimulation. Furthermore, TLR4 promoted γ-GCS translation through the AP-1 pathway, which was essential for GSH synthesis.
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23
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Yeom M, Park J, Lim C, Sur B, Lee B, Han JJ, Choi HD, Lee H, Hahm DH. Glucosylceramide attenuates the inflammatory mediator expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Nutr Res 2015; 35:241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Bacterial flagellin induces IL-6 expression in human basophils. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:168-76. [PMID: 25660969 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Binding of allergen to IgE on basophils positively affects allergic inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators. Recently, basophils were shown to express pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), for recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are independent of allergen-IgE binding. In this study, we investigated whether MAMP alone can induce IL-6 production in a human basophil cell line, KU812. Stimulation with flagellin in the absence of allergen-IgE association induced IL-6 expression in KU812 cells, while stimulation with lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, or poly I:C did not under the same condition. Flagellin-induced IL-6 expression was also observed in human primary basophils. Flow cytometric analysis showed that KU812 cells expressed flagellin-recognizing TLR5 both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm while TLR2 and TLR3 were observed only in the cytoplasm. We further demonstrated that although flagellin augmented the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases including p38 kinase, ERK, and JNK, flagellin-induced IL-6 production was attenuated by inhibitors for p38 kinase and ERK, but not by JNK inhibitors. In addition, flagellin enhanced phosphorylation of signaling molecules including CREB, PKCδ, and AKT. The inhibitors for PKA and PKC also showed inhibitory effects. Interestingly, flagellin-induced IL-6 production was further enhanced by pretreatment with inhibitors for PI3K, implying that PI3K negatively affects the flagellin-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, DNA binding activities of NF-κB, AP-1, and CREB, which play pivotal roles in the induction of IL-6 gene expression, were increased by flagellin. These results suggest that flagellin alone is sufficient to induce IL-6 gene expression via TLR5 signaling pathways in human basophils.
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Tukaj S, Grüner D, Zillikens D, Kasperkiewicz M. Hsp90 blockade modulates bullous pemphigoid IgG-induced IL-8 production by keratinocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:887-94. [PMID: 24796797 PMCID: PMC4389849 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230. The cell stress chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been implicated in inflammatory responses, and recent evidence suggests that it represents a novel treatment target in autoimmune bullous diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of Hsp90 to the proinflammatory cytokine production in keratinocytes induced by autoantibodies to BP180 from BP patient serum. HaCaT cells were treated with purified human BP or normal IgG in the absence or presence of the Hsp90 blocker 17-DMAG and effects on viability, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 (cytokines critical for BP pathology), NFκB (their major transcription factor), and Hsp70 (marker of effective Hsp90 inhibition and potent negative regulator of inflammatory responses) were investigated. We found that BP IgG stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 release from HaCaT cells and that non-toxic doses of 17-DMAG inhibited this IL-8, but not IL-6 secretion in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Inhibition of this IL-8 production was also observed at the transcriptional level. In addition, 17-DMAG treatment blunted BP IgG-mediated upregulation of NFκB activity and was associated with Hsp70 induction. This study provides important insights that Hsp90 is involved as crucial regulator in anti-BP180 IgG-induced production of keratinocyte-derived IL-8. By adding to the knowledge of the multimodal anti-inflammatory effects of Hsp90 blockade, our data further support the introduction of Hsp90 inhibitors into the clinical setting for treatment of autoimmune diseases, especially for BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Denise Grüner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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ROS and RNS signaling in skeletal muscle: critical signals and therapeutic targets. ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARCH 2014; 31:367-87. [PMID: 24894146 DOI: 10.1891/0739-6686.31.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The health of skeletal muscle is promoted by optimal nutrition and activity/exercise through the activation of molecular signaling pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been shown to modulate numerous biochemical processes including glucose uptake, gene expression, calcium signaling, and contractility. In pathological conditions, ROS/RNS signaling excess or dysfunction contributes to contractile dysfunction and myopathy in skeletal muscle. Here we provide a brief review of ROS/RNS chemistry and discuss concepts of ROS/RNS signaling and its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes within striated muscle.
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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes models: pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:819065. [PMID: 24977161 PMCID: PMC4058231 DOI: 10.1155/2014/819065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by endocrine pancreatic cells, and any pancreatic disturbance can result in diabetes. Because 8% to 12% of diabetic pregnant women present with malformed fetuses, there is great interest in understanding the etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of gestational diabetes. Hyperglycemia enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, which is involved in diabetic teratogenesis. It has also been suggested that maternal diabetes alters embryonic gene expression, which might cause malformations. Due to ethical issues involving human studies that sometimes have invasive aspects and the multiplicity of uncontrolled variables that can alter the uterine environment during clinical studies, it is necessary to use animal models to better understand diabetic pathophysiology. This review aimed to gather information about pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and factors involved in diabetes, the use of pancreatic regeneration studies is increasing in an attempt to understand the behavior of pancreatic beta cells. In addition, these studies suggest a new preventive concept as a treatment basis for diabetes, introducing therapeutic efforts to minimize or prevent diabetes-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and teratogenesis.
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Mills DE, Johnson MA, McPhilimey MJ, Williams NC, Gonzalez JT, Barnett YA, Sharpe GR. Influence of oxidative stress, diaphragm fatigue, and inspiratory muscle training on the plasma cytokine response to maximum sustainable voluntary ventilation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:970-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01271.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of oxidative stress, diaphragm fatigue, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the cytokine response to maximum sustainable voluntary ventilation (MSVV) is unknown. Twelve healthy males were divided equally into an IMT or placebo (PLA) group, and before and after a 6-wk intervention they undertook, on separate days, 1 h of ( 1) passive rest and ( 2) MSVV, whereby participants undertook volitional hyperpnea at rest that mimicked the breathing and respiratory muscle recruitment patterns commensurate with heavy cycling exercise. Plasma cytokines remained unchanged during passive rest. There was a main effect of time ( P < 0.01) for plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and a strong trend ( P = 0.067) for plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentration during MSVV. Plasma IL-6 concentration was reduced after IMT by 27 ± 18% (main effect of intervention, P = 0.029), whereas there was no change after PLA ( P = 0.753). There was no increase in a systemic marker of oxidative stress [DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)], and diaphragm fatigue was not related to the increases in plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations. A dose-response relationship was observed between respiratory muscle work and minute ventilation and increases in plasma IL-6 concentration. In conclusion, increases in plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations during MSVV were not due to diaphragm fatigue or DNA damage in PBMC. Increases in plasma IL-6 concentration during MSVV are attenuated following IMT, and the plasma IL-6 response is dependent upon the level of respiratory muscle work and minute ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Mills
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael A. Johnson
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martin J. McPhilimey
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Neil C. Williams
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Javier T. Gonzalez
- School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne A. Barnett
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham R. Sharpe
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
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Lu Y, Jeong YT, Li X, Kim MJ, Park PH, Hwang SL, Son JK, Chang HW. Emodin Isolated from Polygoni cuspidati Radix Inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 Release by Blockading NF-κB and MAP Kinase Pathways in Mast Cells Stimulated with PMA Plus A23187. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:435-41. [PMID: 24404333 PMCID: PMC3879914 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from Polygoni cuspidati radix, has several beneficial pharmacologic effects, which include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the authors examined the effect of emodin on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus the calcium ionophore A23187. To investigate the mechanism responsible for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by emodin, the authors assessed its effects on the activations of transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Emodin attenuated the nuclear translocation of (NF)-κB p65 and its DNA-binding activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and the phosphorylation of IκB kinase B (IKK). Furthermore, emodin dose-dependently attenuated the phosphorylations of MAPKs, such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAP kinase, and the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of emodin on PMA plus A23187-stimulated BMMCs are mediated via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea ; College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Lark Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Keun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Muscogiuri G, Salmon AB, Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Li M, Balas B, Guardado-Mendoza R, Giaccari A, Reddick RL, Reyna SM, Weir G, DeFronzo RA, Van Remmen H, Musi N. Genetic disruption of SOD1 gene causes glucose intolerance and impairs β-cell function. Diabetes 2013; 62:4201-7. [PMID: 24009256 PMCID: PMC3837066 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clear whether oxidative damage is a cause or a consequence of the metabolic abnormalities present in diabetic subjects. The goal of this study was to determine whether inducing oxidative damage through genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) leads to abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. We studied SOD1-null mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. Glucose tolerance was evaluated with intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity was quantitated with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. β-Cell function was determined with the hyperglycemic clamp and morphometric analysis of pancreatic islets. Genetic ablation of SOD1 caused glucose intolerance, which was associated with reduced in vivo β-cell insulin secretion and decreased β-cell volume. Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity were not significantly altered in SOD1-null mice. High-fat diet caused glucose intolerance in WT mice but did not further worsen the glucose intolerance observed in standard chow-fed SOD1-null mice. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress per se does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and demonstrate that oxidative stress caused by SOD1 ablation leads to glucose intolerance secondary to β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Adam B. Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Mengyao Li
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bogdan Balas
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Andrea Giaccari
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico “A. Gemelli,” Rome, and Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert L. Reddick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sara M. Reyna
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gordon Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Corresponding author: Nicolas Musi,
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Diao Y, Xin Y, Zhou Y, Li N, Pan X, Qi S, Qi Z, Xu Y, Luo L, Wan H, Lan L, Yin Z. Extracellular polysaccharide from Bacillus sp. strain LBP32 prevents LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs activation and ROS production. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:12-9. [PMID: 24201081 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) are high-molecular weight sugar-based polymers that are synthesized and secreted by many microorganisms. Recently, EPSs have attracted particular attention due to their multiple biological functions including anti-inflammation. However, studies rarely reported the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions. We previously purified an EPS from an oligotrophic bacteria (Bacillus sp. LBP32) found in Lop Nur Desert, which possesses a potent antioxidant activity, while the anti-inflammatory effects of EPS and signaling mechanisms underlying its action have not been clarified. In this study, we demonstrated that EPS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), IL-6 and TNF-α, without any significant cytotoxicity. EPS also downregulated the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was abrogated by EPS through inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK). Activations of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were also found to be inhibited by EPS. In addition, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also significantly decreased with the treatment of EPS. In vivo experiments were conducted and showed that EPS could greatly improve the outcome of mice with LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Taken together, our data indicate that EPS prevents LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs activation and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Diao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yinqiang Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shimei Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhilin Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yimiao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine for Public Hygiene Emergency and Critical Care, Jiangsu Life Sciences & Technology Innovation Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Honggui Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210-009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine for Public Hygiene Emergency and Critical Care, Jiangsu Life Sciences & Technology Innovation Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lei Lan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine for Public Hygiene Emergency and Critical Care, Jiangsu Life Sciences & Technology Innovation Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine for Public Hygiene Emergency and Critical Care, Jiangsu Life Sciences & Technology Innovation Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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32
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Mills DE, Johnson MA, McPhilimey MJ, Williams NC, Gonzalez JT, Barnett YA, Sharpe GR. The effects of inspiratory muscle training on plasma interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1163-72. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00272.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the respiratory muscles contribute to exercise-induced increases in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration, if this is related to diaphragm fatigue, and whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) attenuates the plasma IL-6 response to whole body exercise and/or a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea. Twelve healthy males were divided equally into an IMT or placebo (PLA) group, and before and after a 6-wk intervention they undertook, on separate days, 1 h of 1) passive rest, 2) cycling exercise at estimated maximal lactate steady state power (EX), and 3) volitional hyperpnea at rest, which mimicked the breathing and respiratory muscle recruitment patterns achieved during EX (HYPEX). Plasma IL-6 concentration remained unchanged during passive rest. The plasma IL-6 response to EX was reduced following IMT (main effect of intervention, P = 0.039) but not PLA ( P = 0.272). Plasma IL-6 concentration increased during HYPEX (main effect of time, P < 0.01) and was unchanged postintervention. There was no evidence of diaphragm fatigue (measured by phrenic nerve stimulation) following each trial. In conclusion, plasma IL-6 concentration is increased during EX and HYPEX and this occurred in the absence of diaphragm fatigue. Furthermore, IMT reduced the plasma IL-6 response to EX but not HYPEX. These findings suggest that the respiratory muscles contribute to exercise-induced increases in plasma IL-6 concentration in the absence of diaphragm fatigue and that IMT can reduce the magnitude of the response to exercise but not a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Mills
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael A. Johnson
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martin J. McPhilimey
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Neil C. Williams
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Javier T. Gonzalez
- School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne A. Barnett
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham R. Sharpe
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
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Tormos AM, Taléns-Visconti R, Nebreda AR, Sastre J. p38 MAPK: a dual role in hepatocyte proliferation through reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:905-16. [PMID: 23906070 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.821200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
p38 MAPKs are important mediators of signal transduction that respond to a wide range of extracellular stressors such as UV radiation, osmotic shock, hypoxia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. The most abundant family member is p38α, which helps to couple cell proliferation and growth in response to certain damaging stimuli. In fact, increased proliferation and impaired differentiation are hallmarks of p38α-deficient cells. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in cytokine-induced p38α activation. Under physiological conditions, p38α can function as a mediator of ROS signaling and either activate or suppress cell cycle progression depending on the activation stimulus. The interplay between cell proliferation, p38 MAPK activation, and ROS production plays an important role in hepatocytes. In fact, low levels of ROS seem to be needed to activate several signaling pathways in response to hepatectomy and to orchestrate liver regeneration. p38 MAPK works as a sensor of oxidative stress and cells that have developed mechanisms to uncouple p38 MAPK activation from oxidative stress are more likely to become tumorigenic. So far, p38α influences the redox balance, determining cell survival, terminal differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. Further studies would be necessary in order to clarify the precise role of p38 MAPK signaling as a redox therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tormos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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Michailidis Y, Karagounis LG, Terzis G, Jamurtas AZ, Spengos K, Tsoukas D, Chatzinikolaou A, Mandalidis D, Stefanetti RJ, Papassotiriou I, Athanasopoulos S, Hawley JA, Russell AP, Fatouros IG. Thiol-based antioxidant supplementation alters human skeletal muscle signaling and attenuates its inflammatory response and recovery after intense eccentric exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:233-45. [PMID: 23719546 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.049163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major thiol-disulfide couple of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione is a key regulator of major transcriptional pathways regulating aseptic inflammation and recovery of skeletal muscle after aseptic injury. Antioxidant supplementation may hamper exercise-induced cellular adaptations. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine how thiol-based antioxidant supplementation affects skeletal muscle's performance and redox-sensitive signaling during the inflammatory and repair phases associated with exercise-induced microtrauma. DESIGN In a double-blind, crossover design, 10 men received placebo or N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 20 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)) after muscle-damaging exercise (300 eccentric contractions). In each trial, muscle performance was measured at baseline, after exercise, 2 h after exercise, and daily for 8 consecutive days. Muscle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis and blood samples were collected before exercise and 2 h, 2 d, and 8 d after exercise. RESULTS NAC attenuated the elevation of inflammatory markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines), nuclear factor κB phosphorylation, and the decrease in strength during the first 2 d of recovery. NAC also blunted the increase in phosphorylation of protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, ribosomal protein S6, and mitogen activated protein kinase p38 at 2 and 8 d after exercise. NAC also abolished the increase in myogenic determination factor and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α 8 d after exercise. Performance was completely recovered only in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Although thiol-based antioxidant supplementation enhances GSH availability in skeletal muscle, it disrupts the skeletal muscle inflammatory response and repair capability, potentially because of a blunted activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01778309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Michailidis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Komotini, Greece
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Influence of block of NF-kappa B signaling pathway on oxidative stress in the liver homogenates. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:308358. [PMID: 23577221 PMCID: PMC3612439 DOI: 10.1155/2013/308358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inhibitor, influences the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and NF-κB related signaling pathways in the liver. The animals were divided into 4 groups: I: saline; II: saline + endothelin-1 (ET-1) (1.25 μg/kg b.w., i.v.); III: saline + ET-1 (12.5 μg/kg b.w., i.v.); and IV: BAY 11-7082 (10 mg/kg b.w., i.v.) + ET-1 (12.5 μg/kg b.w., i.v.). Injection of ET-1 alone at a dose of 12.5 μg/kg b.w. showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and decrease (P < 0.01) in GSH level (vs. control). ET-1 administration slightly downregulated gene expression of p65 of NF-κB but potently and in a dose-dependent way downregulated p21-cip gene expression in the liver. BAY 11-7082 significantly decreased TBARS (P < 0.001), H2O2 (P < 0.01) and improved the redox status (P < 0.05), compared to ET-1 group. The concentration of TNF-α was increased in the presence of ET-1 (P < 0.05), while BAY 11-7082 decreased TNF-α concentration (P < 0.01). Inhibition of IkBα before ET-1 administration downregulated gene expression of p21-cip but had no effect on p65.
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Aristatile B, Al-Assaf AH, Pugalendi KV. Carvacrol suppresses the expression of inflammatory marker genes in D-galactosamine-hepatotoxic rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:205-11. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Luo CL, Li QQ, Chen XP, Zhang XM, Li LL, Li BX, Zhao ZQ, Tao LY. Lipoxin A4 attenuates brain damage and downregulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2013; 1502:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bae GC, Bae DY. The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Allium Hookeri cultivated in South Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.6116/kjh.2012.27.6.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zuo L, Hallman AH, Yousif MK, Chien MT. Oxidative stress, respiratory muscle dysfunction, and potential therapeutics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sigala I, Zacharatos P, Boulia S, Toumpanakis D, Michailidou T, Parthenis D, Roussos C, Papapetropoulos A, Hussain SN, Vassilakopoulos T. Nitric oxide regulates cytokine induction in the diaphragm in response to inspiratory resistive breathing. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1594-603. [PMID: 22961265 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00233.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistive breathing (encountered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) results in cytokine upregulation and decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels in the strenuously contracting diaphragm. NO can regulate gene expression. We hypothesized that endogenously produced NO downregulates cytokine production triggered by strenuous diaphragmatic contraction. Wistar rats treated with vehicle, the nonselective NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine-methylester (l-NAME), or the NO donor diethylenetriamine-NONOate (DETA) were subjected to inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB; 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure) for 6 h or sham operation. Additional groups of rats were subjected to IRB for 6 h with concurrent administration of l-NAME and inhibitors of NF-κB (BAY-11-7082), ERK1/2 (PD98059), or P38 (SB203580). Inhibition of NO production (with l-NAME) resulted in upregulation of IRB-induced diaphragmatic IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels by 50%, 53%, 60%, 47%, and 45%, respectively. In contrast, the NO donor (DETA) attenuated the IRB-induced cytokine upregulation to levels characteristic of quietly breathing animals. l-NAME augmented IRB-induced activation of MAPKs (P38 and ERK1/2) and NF-κB, whereas DETA triggered the opposite effect. NF-κB and ERK1/2 inhibition in l-NAME-treated animals blunted the l-NAME-induced cytokine upregulation except IL-6, whereas P38 inhibition blunted all (including IL-6) cytokine upregulation. NO downregulates IRB-induced cytokine production in the strenuously contracting diaphragm through its action on MAPKs and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sigala
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilandou Str., Athens, Greece
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Welc SS, Clanton TL. The regulation of interleukin-6 implicates skeletal muscle as an integrative stress sensor and endocrine organ. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:359-71. [PMID: 22941979 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ owing to its capacity to produce and secrete a variety of cytokines (myokines) and other proteins. To date, myokines have primarily been studied in response to exercise or metabolic challenges; however, numerous observations suggest that skeletal muscle may also release myokines in response to certain categories of internal or external stress exposure. Internal stress signals include oxidative or nitrosative stress, damaged or unfolded proteins, hyperthermia or energy imbalance. External stress signals, which act as indicators of organismal stress or injury in other cells, employ mediators such as catecholamines, endotoxin, alarmins, ATP and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. External stress signals generally induce cellular responses through membrane receptor systems. In this review, we focus on the regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a prototypical stress response myokine and highlight evidence that IL-6 gene regulation in muscle is inherently organized to respond to a wide variety of internal and external stressors. Given that IL-6 can initiate protective, anti-inflammatory or restorative processes throughout the organism during life-threatening conditions, we present the argument that skeletal muscle has a physiological function as a sensor and responder to stress. Furthermore, we hypothesize that it may comprise a fundamental component of the organism's acute stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Welc
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Boridy S, Soliman GM, Maysinger D. Modulation of inflammatory signaling and cytokine release from microglia by celastrol incorporated into dendrimer nanocarriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1149-65. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the capacity of a potent anti-inflammatory nanomedicine, celastrol, incorporated into poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, to inhibit endotoxin-mediated signaling in microglia. Materials & methods: Celastrol was incorporated into amino (Cel/G4-NH2) and hydroxyl (Cel/G4-OH) terminus poly(amidoamine) (G4) dendrimers. Cell viability, release of nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α and activation of MAPK (e.g., p38 and JNK) and NF-κB were assessed in endotoxin (i.e., lipopolysaccharide) stimulated microglial cells. Results: G4-OH and G4-NH2 increased celastrol aqueous solubility by seven- and 12-fold, respectively. G4-OH and Cel/G4-OH suppressed lipopolysaccharide-mediated release of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and IL-6, but not TNF-α, without reducing microglial cell viability, while Cel/G4-NH2 potentiated cytotoxicity and cytokine release. Blockade of proinflammatory signaling was accompanied by attenuation of p38 MAPK activation. Conclusion: This study supports the potential use of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for effective anti-inflammatory therapy in the chronically inflamed CNS. Original submitted 22 July 2011; Revised submitted 8 December 2011; Published online 4 April 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Boridy
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ghareb M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Kim SK. Gallic acid-grafted chitooligosaccharides suppress antigen-induced allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:527-33. [PMID: 22820028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bioactive derivative of chitooligosaccharides (3-5 kDa) was synthesized via grafting of gallic acid onto chitooligosaccharides (G-COS) to enhance anti-allergic activity. Hence, G-COS was evaluated for its capabilities against allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 mast cells sensitized with dinitrophenyl-specific immunoglobulin E antibody and stimulated by antigen dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin. It was revealed that G-COS exhibited significant inhibition on histamine release and production as well as intracellular Ca(2+) elevation at the concentration of 200μg/ml. Likewise, the suppressive effects of G-COS on expression and production of interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evidenced. Moreover, G-COS treatment caused a remarkable blockade on degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) protein, translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Notably, the inhibitory activities of G-COS on allergic reactions were found as a consequence of suppression of FcεRI expression in antigen-stimulated cells. Accordingly, G-COS was suggested to be a promising candidate of novel inhibitors against allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Sang Vo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Hannink JDC, van Hees HWH, Dekhuijzen PNR, van Helvoort HAC, Heijdra YF. Non-invasive ventilation abolishes the IL-6 response to exercise in muscle-wasted COPD patients: A pilot study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:136-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. C. Hannink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - H. W. H. van Hees
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - P. N. R. Dekhuijzen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - H. A. C van Helvoort
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Y. F. Heijdra
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Wang W, Craig ZR, Basavarajappa MS, Gupta RK, Flaws JA. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral follicles through an oxidative stress pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 258:288-95. [PMID: 22155089 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that has been shown to inhibit growth of mouse antral follicles, however, little is known about the mechanisms by which DEHP does so. Oxidative stress has been linked to follicle growth inhibition as well as phthalate-induced toxicity in non-ovarian tissues. Thus, we hypothesized that DEHP causes oxidative stress and that this leads to inhibition of the growth of antral follicles. To test this hypothesis, antral follicles isolated from CD-1 mice (age 31-35days) were cultured with vehicle control (dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) or DEHP (1-100μg/ml)±N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant at 0.25-1mM). During culture, follicles were measured daily. At the end of culture, follicles were collected and processed for in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays to measure the presence of free radicals or for measurement of the expression and activity of various key antioxidant enzymes: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT). The results indicate that DEHP inhibits the growth of follicles compared to DMSO control and that NAC (0.25-1mM) blocks the ability of DEHP to inhibit follicle growth. Furthermore, DEHP (10μg/ml) significantly increases ROS levels and reduces the expression and activity of SOD1 compared to DMSO controls, whereas NAC (0.5mM) rescues the effects of DEHP on ROS levels and SOD1. However, the expression and activity of GPX and CAT were not affected by DEHP treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that DEHP inhibits follicle growth by inducing production of ROS and by decreasing the expression and activity of SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Li L, Zhang K, Cai XJ, Feng M, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Adiponectin upregulates prolyl-4-hydroxylase α1 expression in interleukin 6-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells by regulating ERK 1/2 and Sp1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22819. [PMID: 21829524 PMCID: PMC3146504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an anti-atherogenic adipokine that inhibits the development of plaque by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Extracellular matrix (ECM) may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We explored the effect and mechanisms of adiponectin on the synthesis of prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) in interleukin 6 (IL-6)-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). P4Hα1 mRNA level was quantified by RT-PCR, the protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and P4Hα1 were quantified by western blot analysis, and activation of specific protein 1 (Sp1) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and subcellular localization of Sp1 by immunofluorescence analysis. Adiponectin significantly increased P4Hα1 mRNA and protein levels in IL-6-stimulated HASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As well, ERK1/2 and Sp1 played a crucial role in the effect of adiponectin upregulating P4Hα1 expression in IL-6-stimulated HASMCs. Adiponectin abrogated the effects of IL-6 on collagen III level, which may indicate that P4Hα1 is essential for folding the procollagen polypeptide chains into stabilized collagen. Adiponectin attenuates IL-6–inhibited P4Hα1 synthesis and stabilizes collagen formation in HASMCs through a Sp1-ERK1/2-P4Hα1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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