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King BMN, Mintz S, Lin X, Morley GE, Schlamp F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Fishman GI. Chronic Kidney Disease Induces Proarrhythmic Remodeling. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e011466. [PMID: 36595632 PMCID: PMC9852080 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.011466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death; however, the basis for this association is incompletely known. METHODS Here, using murine models of CKD, we examined interactions between kidney disease progression and structural, electrophysiological, and molecular cardiac remodeling. RESULTS C57BL/6 mice with adenine supplemented in their diet developed progressive CKD. Electrocardiographically, CKD mice developed significant QT prolongation and episodes of bradycardia. Optical mapping of isolated-perfused hearts using voltage-sensitive dyes revealed significant prolongation of action potential duration with no change in epicardial conduction velocity. Patch-clamp studies of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed changes in sodium and potassium currents consistent with action potential duration prolongation. Global transcriptional profiling identified dysregulated expression of cellular stress response proteins RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3) and CIRP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein) that may underlay the ion channel remodeling. Unexpectedly, we found that female sex is a protective factor in the progression of CKD and its cardiac sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insights into the association between CKD and pathologic proarrhythmic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac cellular stress response pathways represent potential targets for pharmacologic intervention for CKD-induced heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M N King
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shana Mintz
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gregory E Morley
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Florencia Schlamp
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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2
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Taniguchi T, Omura K, Motoki K, Sakai M, Chikamatsu N, Ashizawa N, Takada T, Iwanaga T. Hypouricemic agents reduce indoxyl sulfate excretion by inhibiting the renal transporters OAT1/3 and ABCG2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7232. [PMID: 33790363 PMCID: PMC8012596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in the body in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the renal proximal tubules, IS excretion is mediated by OAT1/3 and ABCG2. These transporters are inhibited by some hypouricemic agents; OATs by probenecid and benzbromarone, ABCG2 by febuxostat and benzbromarone. Thus, we evaluated whether hypouricemic agents including dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor with minimal effect on OATs or ABCG2, affect IS clearance in rats. Intact and adenine-induced acute renal failure rats were orally administered hypouricemic agents, and both endogenous IS and exogenously administered stable isotope-labeled d4-IS in the plasma and kidney were measured. Our results demonstrated that OATs inhibitors, such as probenecid, suppress IS uptake into the kidney, leading to increased plasma IS concentration, whereas ABCG2 inhibitors, such as febuxostat, cause renal IS accumulation remarkably by suppressing its excretion in intact rats. The effects of these agents were reduced in adenine-induced acute renal failure rats, presumably due to substantial decrease in renal OAT1/3 and ABCG2 expression. Dotinurad did not significantly affected the clearance of IS under both conditions. Therefore, we suggest that hypouricemic agents that do not affect OATs and ABCG2 are effective therapeutic options for the treatment of hyperuricemia complicated by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Taniguchi
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Koichi Omura
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Motoki
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miku Sakai
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Chikamatsu
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iida-Shinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Female AhR Knockout Mice Develop a Minor Renal Insufficiency in an Adenine-Diet Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072483. [PMID: 32260098 PMCID: PMC7177716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by tryptophan-derived uremic toxins-mainly indoxyl sulfate (IS). AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor originally characterized as a receptor of xenobiotics involved in detoxification. The aim of this study was to determine the role of AhR in a CKD mouse model based on an adenine diet. Wild-type (WT) and AhR-/- mice were fed by alternating an adenine-enriched diet and a regular diet for 6 weeks. Our results showed an increased mortality rate of AhR-/- males. AhR-/- females survived and developed a less severe renal insufficiency that WT mice, reflected by urea, creatinine, and IS measurement in serum. The protective effect was related to a decrease of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression, an attenuation of tubular injury, and a decrease of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal deposition in the kidneys of AhR-/- mice. These mice expressed low levels of xanthine dehydrogenase, which oxidizes adenine into 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, and low levels of the IS metabolism enzymes. In conclusion, the CKD model of adenine diet is not suitable for AhR knockout mice when studying the role of this transcription factor in cardiovascular complications, as observed in human CKD.
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4
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Allen MR. Elevations in Cortical Porosity Occur Prior to Significant Rise in Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Young Female Mice with Adenine-Induced CKD. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:392-400. [PMID: 31832725 PMCID: PMC7422916 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to significant bone loss primarily through the development of cortical porosity. In both patients and animal models of CKD, sustained elevations in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with cortical porosity. In this study, we aimed to track the progression of cortical porosity and increased PTH utilizing the adenine-induced CKD model. Young female mice (8 weeks) were given 0.2% adenine to induce CKD. Tissues were collected from groups of adenine and age-matched control mice after 2, 6, and 10 weeks. Serum blood urea nitrogen was elevated at all time points in adenine mice, but serum PTH was only statistically elevated at the 10-week time point. Cortical porosity was sevenfold higher in 6-week adenine mice compared to age-matched controls and 14-fold higher in 10-week adenine mice vs. controls. Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice. Based on these results, we hypothesize high serum PTH signals to osteocytes prolonging their lifespan resulting in sustained RANKL which drives osteoclastic bone resorption in the cortex. In conclusion, our data show time-dependent elevations in serum PTH and cortical porosity in adenine-induced CKD mice and demonstrate changes in osteocyte RANKL and apoptosis which may contribute to the development of cortical pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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5
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Klinkhammer BM, Djudjaj S, Kunter U, Palsson R, Edvardsson VO, Wiech T, Thorsteinsdottir M, Hardarson S, Foresto-Neto O, Mulay SR, Moeller MJ, Jahnen-Dechent W, Floege J, Anders HJ, Boor P. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:799-816. [PMID: 32086278 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) nephropathy, a rare condition characterized by formation of 2,8-DHA crystals within renal tubules. Clinical relevance of rodent models of 2,8-DHA crystal nephropathy induced by excessive adenine intake is unknown. METHODS Using animal models and patient kidney biopsies, we assessed the pathogenic sequelae of 2,8-DHA crystal-induced kidney damage. We also used knockout mice to investigate the role of TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), CD44, or alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), all of which are involved in the pathogenesis of other types of crystal-induced nephropathies. RESULTS Adenine-enriched diet in mice induced 2,8-DHA nephropathy, leading to progressive kidney disease, characterized by crystal deposits, tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Kidney injury depended on crystal size. The smallest crystals were endocytosed by tubular epithelial cells. Crystals of variable size were excreted in urine. Large crystals obstructed whole tubules. Medium-sized crystals induced a particular reparative process that we term extratubulation. In this process, tubular cells, in coordination with macrophages, overgrew and translocated crystals into the interstitium, restoring the tubular luminal patency; this was followed by degradation of interstitial crystals by granulomatous inflammation. Patients with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency showed similar histopathological findings regarding crystal morphology, crystal clearance, and renal injury. In mice, deletion of Tnfr1 significantly reduced tubular CD44 and annexin two expression, as well as inflammation, thereby ameliorating the disease course. In contrast, genetic deletion of Tnfr2, Cd44, or Ahsg had no effect on the manifestations of 2,8-DHA nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Rodent models of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 2,8-DHA nephropathy and crystal clearance have clinical relevance and offer insight into potential future targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | | | - Sverrir Hardarson
- Department of Pathology Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Nephrology, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, .,Division of Nephrology and Immunology.,Department of Electron Microscopy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Pfann V, Marschner JA, Darisipudi MN, Daniel C, Romoli S, Desai J, Grigorescu M, Kumar SV, Rathkolb B, Wolf E, Hrabě de Angelis M, Bäuerle T, Dietel B, Wagner CA, Amann K, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Anders HJ, Knauf F. Oxalate-induced chronic kidney disease with its uremic and cardiovascular complications in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F785-F795. [PMID: 26764204 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00488.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) research is limited by the lack of convenient inducible models mimicking human CKD and its complications in experimental animals. We demonstrate that a soluble oxalate-rich diet induces stable stages of CKD in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Renal histology is characterized by tubular damage, remnant atubular glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis, with the extent of tissue involvement depending on the duration of oxalate feeding. Expression profiling of markers and magnetic resonance imaging findings established to reflect inflammation and fibrosis parallel the histological changes. Within 3 wk, the mice reproducibly develop normochromic anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, FGF23 activation, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism. In addition, the model is characterized by profound arterial hypertension as well as cardiac fibrosis that persist following the switch to a control diet. Together, this new model of inducible CKD overcomes a number of previous experimental limitations and should serve useful in research related to CKD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Pfann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Murthy N Darisipudi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Romoli
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Aronson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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7
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Aguiar CF, Naffah-de-Souza C, Castoldi A, Corrêa-Costa M, Braga TT, Naka ÉL, Amano MT, Abate DTRS, Hiyane MI, Cenedeze MA, Pacheco e Silva Filho A, Câmara NOS. Administration of α-Galactosylceramide Improves Adenine-Induced Renal Injury. Mol Med 2015; 21:553-62. [PMID: 26101952 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that reacts to glycolipids presented by CD1d. Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) correspond to >90% of the total population of NKTs and reacts to α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer). αGalCer promotes a complex mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. NKT cells and IFN-γ are known to participate in some models of renal diseases, but further studies are still necessary to elucidate their mechanisms. The aim of our study was to analyze the participation of iNKT cells in an experimental model of tubule-interstitial nephritis. We used 8-wk-old C57BL/6j, Jα18KO and IFN-γKO mice. They were fed a 0.25% adenine diet for 10 d. Both adenine-fed wild-type (WT) and Jα18KO mice exhibited renal dysfunction, but adenine-fed Jα18KO mice presented higher expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and type I collagen. To analyze the role of activated iNKT cells in our model, we administered αGalCer in WT mice during adenine ingestion. After αGalCer injection, we observed a significant reduction in serum creatinine, proinflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis. However, this improvement in renal function was not observed in IFN-γKO mice after αGalCer treatment and adenine feeding, illustrating that this cytokine plays a role in our model. Our findings may suggest that IFN-γ production is one of the factors contributing to improved renal function after αGalCer administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiane Favero Aguiar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Naffah-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Corrêa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tárcio T Braga
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika L Naka
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane T Amano
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora T R S Abate
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Cenedeze
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco e Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Renal Transplantation Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Chaperonin-containing t-complex protein-1 subunit β as a possible biomarker for the phase of glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetic nephropathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:548101. [PMID: 25944975 PMCID: PMC4402165 DOI: 10.1155/2015/548101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cell model, we discovered the association between chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 subunit β (TCP-1β) and early diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we further explored the relationships between TCP-1β and type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM). To mimic the clinical hyperfiltration state, a type 2 DM mice model was established by feeding a high-fat diet in combination with treatment of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Blood and urine were collected to determine creatinine clearance (Ccr), and kidney tissues were harvested for evaluation of TCP-1β expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Meanwhile, clinical subjects of healthy controls and type 2 DM were recruited to strengthen the evidence with urine TCP-1β. Results showed that Ccr and the expression of TCP-1β in kidney were significantly higher one week after hyperglycemia development, suggesting that the hyperfiltration state was successfully established in the mice model. TCP-1β was expressed predominantly on renal tubules. By using the estimated glomerular filtration rate to index progression in clinical investigation, urine TCP-1β level was associated with the hyperfiltration phase in type 2 DM patients. Conclusively, we confirmed that TCP-1β is a possible biomarker for early nephropathy of type 2 DM, but further mechanistic study to elucidate its cause and pathway is needed.
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9
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Mori-Kawabe M, Yasuda Y, Ito M, Matsuo S. Reduction of NO-mediated Relaxing Effects in the Thoracic Aorta in an Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:845-53. [PMID: 25740549 DOI: 10.5551/jat.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to frequently cause cardiovascular events. However, it is unclear how renal dysfunction affects the vascular response. We herein studied the effects of renal dysfunction on the aortic behavior in adenine-fed mice, investigating mechanisms underlying the occurrence of cardiovascular events in CKD patients. METHODS Biochemical analyses of the plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose levels and measurements of the blood pressure were performed using C57BL/6 mice fed with and without an adenine-containing diet. The relaxing effects of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropurusside (SNP) and effects of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE) were measured in endothelium-intact aortas obtained from both mice. RESULTS The mice fed 0.25% adenine for four weeks showed greater plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations than the control mice, suggesting that adenine-fed mice are a useful CKD model. Furthermore, ACh relaxed the PE-stimulated, endothelium-intact aortas, the effect of which was less potent in the adenine-fed mice than in the control mice. In contrast, the degree of SNP-induced relaxation of the aortas was the same in the adenine-fed mice and control mice. The α1-adrenergic agonist, PE, induced more potent absolute tension of the endothelium-intact aortas in the CKD model mice than in the control mice, while the NOS inhibitors, N-nitro-L-arginine (LNA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) enhanced the contraction effects of PE in both mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that spontaneous and stimulated NO release from the endothelium is decreased in the CKD model mouse aorta. The NO-mediated correlation between renal and elastic arterial endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be a cause of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Mori-Kawabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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10
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Supramolecular Polymeric Chemosensor for Biomedical Applications: Design and Synthesis of a Luminescent Zinc Metallopolymer as a Chemosensor for Adenine Detection. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1539-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Correa-Costa M, Braga TT, Semedo P, Hayashida CY, Bechara LRG, Elias RM, Barreto CR, Silva-Cunha C, Hyane MI, Gonçalves GM, Brum PC, Fujihara C, Zatz R, Pacheco-Silva A, Zamboni DS, Camara NOS. Pivotal role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, its adaptor molecule MyD88, and inflammasome complex in experimental tubule-interstitial nephritis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29004. [PMID: 22194975 PMCID: PMC3237574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubule-interstitial nephritis (TIN) results in decreased renal function and interstitial inflammation, which ultimately leads to fibrosis. Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and inflammasome complex, play a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of TLR-2 and -4, Myd88 and inflammasome complex in an experimental model of TIN. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice fed adenine-enriched food exhibited significant renal dysfunction and enhanced cellular infiltration accompanied by collagen deposition. They also presented higher gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TLR-2, -4, MyD88, ASC and Caspase-1 KO mice showed renoprotection associated with expression of inflammatory molecules at levels comparable to controls. Furthermore, treatment of WT animals with allopurinol, an XDH inhibitor, led to reduced levels of uric acid, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and a downregulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. We concluded that MyD88 signaling and inflammasome participate in the development of TIN. Furthermore, inhibition of XDH seems to be a promising way to therapeutically target the developing inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcio Teodoro Braga
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Yuri Hayashida
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Maria Elias
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiene Rodrigues Barreto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Silva-Cunha
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Martins Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein. Renal Transplantation Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Beara-Lasic L, Edvardsson VO, Palsson R, Lieske JC, Goldfarb DS, Milliner DS. Genetic Causes of Kidney Stones and Kidney Failure. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-011-9113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Satake M, Ikarashi N, Kagami M, Ogiue N, Toda T, Kobayashi Y, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Increases in the expression levels of aquaporin-2 and aquaporin-3 in the renal collecting tubules alleviate dehydration associated with polyuria in diabetes mellitus. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1965-70. [PMID: 21139234 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced expression of renal aquaporin-2 (AQP2) has been reported when polyuria occurs in diabetic animal models. The purpose of this study was to clarify the possibility that increased AQP2 expression in the kidneys play a role as a compensatory mechanism to alleviate diabetic dehydration. Lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), which decreases the renal expression of AQPs, was administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model mice of type I diabetes mellitus (STZ mice), to investigate the relationship between urine volume and renal AQP expression. Plasma glucose and urine glucose levels were similar between STZ mice given feed containing Li₂CO₃ for 10 d and un-treated STZ mice. Urine volume increased to 70 ml/d for the Li₂CO₃-treated STZ mice, compared to 36 ml/d for un-treated STZ mice. No changes were observed in creatinine clearance or the mRNA expression levels of sodium myo-inositol transporter and taurine transporter, which are genes associated with the regulation of osmotic pressure in the kidney, in the Li₂CO₃-treated STZ mice relative to un-treated STZ mice. Protein expression levels of AQP2 and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) of the renal inner medulla were significantly decreased in the Li₂CO₃-treated STZ mice, compared to levels in the STZ group. This study revealed that the decreased expression levels of AQP2 and AQP3 in the kidney increased the urine volume in mice without a change in urinary osmotic pressure. The results of this study suggest that the increased renal AQP2 and AQP3 expression, in the setting of polyuria, physiologically serves as a compensatory mechanism to alleviate dehydration in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Satake
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Chen J, Chen Y, Capizzi S, Yang M, Deng L, Bledsoe SB, Evan AP, Tischfield JA, Sahota A. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis induces developmental stage-specific alterations in gene expression in mouse kidney. Urology 2009; 75:914-22. [PMID: 20035974 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors that may be crucial for the initiation and progression of stone-induced injury in the developing mouse kidney by a prospective observational study using microarray analysis. Kidney stone diseases are common in premature infants, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully defined. METHODS Mice with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency develop 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) nephrolithiasis. The gene expression changes between Aprt(-/-) and Aprt(+/+) kidneys from newborn and adult mice were compared using Affymetrix gene chips. Targets of interest were further analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified a set of genes that were differentially expressed in the developing kidney in response to DHA-induced injury. In 1-week-old Aprt(-/-) mice, the expression of Sprr2f and Clu was highly augmented and that of Egf was significantly decreased. We also observed that maturation-related gene expression changes were delayed in developing Aprt(-/-) kidneys, and immature Aprt(-/-) kidneys contained large numbers of intercalated cells that were blocked from terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a comprehensive picture of the transcriptional changes induced by DHA stone injury in the developing mouse kidney. Our findings help explain growth impairment in kidneys subject to injury during the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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15
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Eisner C, Faulhaber-Walter R, Wang Y, Leelahavanichkul A, Yuen PST, Mizel D, Star RA, Briggs JP, Levine M, Schnermann J. Major contribution of tubular secretion to creatinine clearance in mice. Kidney Int 2009; 77:519-26. [PMID: 20032962 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to quantify the fraction of excreted creatinine not attributable to creatinine filtration for accurately determining the glomerular filtration rate in mice. To measure this we compared creatinine filtration with the simultaneous measurement of inulin clearance using both single-bolus fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin elimination kinetics and standard FITC-inulin infusion. During anesthesia, creatinine filtration was found to be systematically higher than inulin clearance in both male and female C57BL/6J mice. The secretion fraction was significantly less in female mice. Administration of either cimetidine or para-aminohippuric acid, competitors of organic cation and anion transport respectively, significantly reduced the secretion fraction in male and female mice and both significantly increased the plasma creatinine level. Creatinine secretion in both genders was not mediated by the organic cation transporters OCT1 or OCT 2 since secretion fraction levels were identical in FVB wild-type and OCT1/2 knockout mice. Thus, secretion accounts for about 50 and 35% of excreted creatinine in male and female mice, respectively. Increasing plasma creatinine threefold by infusion further increased the secretion fraction. Renal organic anion transporter 1 mRNA expression was higher in male than in female mice, reflecting the gender difference in creatinine secretion. Hence we show that there is a major secretory contribution to creatinine excretion mediated through the organic anion transport system. This feature adds to problems associated with measuring endogenous creatinine filtration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eisner
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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16
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Ercolani M, Sahota A, Schuler C, Yang M, Evan AP, Reimer D, Barone JG, Tischfield JA, Levin RM. Bladder outlet obstruction in male cystinuria mice. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 42:57-63. [PMID: 19484501 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-009-9597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystinuria is the most common inherited cause of urinary tract stones in children. It can lead to obstructive uropathy, which is a major cause of renal failure. Genetic studies have identified two genes, SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, to be directly involved in cystine stone formation. Slc3a1 knockout male mice develop cystine stones in the bladder and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney. Slc3a1 knockout female mice also develop cystinuria, but they do not form stones. The specific aim of this study was to characterize bladder function in cystinuria mice. METHODS Eight control (4 male, 4 female) and 16 Slc3a1 knockout (9 male, 7 female) mice of mixed strain background (C57B/129, age 4-5 months) were evaluated. Each mouse was anesthetized and the bladder dome catheterized for cystometry. Immediately following cystometry, the bladder was excised, weighed, and separated into three full thickness strips for contractile studies. RESULTS Bladders from cystinuria male mice had significantly increased weight, all of them had stones, decreased compliance, and decreased contractile responses to field stimulation, ATP, carbachol, and KCl. Compared with controls, female knockout mice showed normal bladder weight, decreased voiding pressure, slightly decreased compliance, and slightly decreased contractile responses. CONCLUSIONS These studies clearly demonstrate that the bladder stones that developed in the male cystinuria mice resulted in a partial outlet obstruction. Although the female cystinuria mice did not have bladder stones, bladder function was mildly impaired; presumably by the presence of cystine crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Ercolani
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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17
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Snyder FF, Carter RJ, Fung E, Hodges SD, Mantik KB. Application of metabolomic principles to disorders of nucleotide metabolism reveals new metabolic perturbations. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:641-7. [PMID: 18600520 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802143848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A metabolomic analysis of plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines was applied to four disorders of nucleotide metabolism. Multivariate analysis gave score plots that show segregation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient plasma from controls with equivocal results for adenosine deaminase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiencies. Loadings plots revealed the principal metabolites responsible for the discrimination between these classes. There were increases for HPRT in C4-, C6-, and C3-DC (malonyl)-carnitines, and decreased serine. For APRT there were increases in C4- to C10- and C3-DC to C6-DC-carnitines, urea, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, and decreased tryptophan. For ADA deficiency there were increases in C4- and C6-carnitines, taurine, and isoleucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd F Snyder
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Mac-Way F, Desmeules S, Latulippe E, de Cotret PR, Agharazii M. 2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria-induced progressive renal failure. NDT Plus 2008; 1:437-439. [PMID: 28656998 PMCID: PMC5477863 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Latulippe
- Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Mima A, Arai H, Matsubara T, Abe H, Nagai K, Tamura Y, Torikoshi K, Araki M, Kanamori H, Takahashi T, Tominaga T, Matsuura M, Iehara N, Fukatsu A, Kita T, Doi T. Urinary Smad1 is a novel marker to predict later onset of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2008; 57:1712-22. [PMID: 18285555 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported that Smad1 is a key transcriptional factor for mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we examined whether urinary Smad1 in an early phase of diabetes can predict later development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy and how an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) can modulate structural changes and urinary markers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Smad1 and albumin in the urine were examined 4 weeks after injection of streptozotocin in 48 rats or 6 weeks of diabetes in db/db mice. Their renal pathology was analyzed after 20 weeks in rats or 12 weeks in mice. Among 48 diabetic rats 7 rats were treated with olmesartan for 20 weeks. RESULTS Urinary Smad1 of diabetic rats at 4 weeks was nicely correlated with mesangial matrix expansion at 24 weeks (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), while albuminuria showed a weaker association (r = 0.31, P = 0.043). Olmesartan treatment significantly ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and dramatically decreased urinary Smad1 (from 3.9 +/- 2.9 to 0.3 +/- 0.3 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). In db/db mice, urinary Smad1 at 6 weeks was also significantly correlated with mesangial expansion at 18 weeks. In contrast, there was no change in urinary Smad1 in control diabetic rats or mice. CONCLUSIONS The increase of urinary Smad1 in the early stages of diabetes is correlated with later development of glomerulosclerosis in two rodent models. These data indicate that urinary Smad1 could be a novel predictor for later onset of morphological changes and can be used to monitor the effect of ARBs in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mima
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Inada A, Nagai K, Arai H, Miyazaki JI, Nomura K, Kanamori H, Toyokuni S, Yamada Y, Bonner-Weir S, Weir GC, Fukatsu A, Seino Y. Establishment of a diabetic mouse model with progressive diabetic nephropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:327-36. [PMID: 16049320 PMCID: PMC1603579 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although diabetic animal models exist, no single animal model develops renal changes identical to those seen in humans. Here we show that transgenic mice that overexpress inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER Igamma) in pancreatic beta cells are a good model to study the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Although ICER Igamma transgenic mice exhibit extremely high blood glucose levels throughout their lives, they survive long enough to develop diabetic nephropathy. Using this model we followed the progress of diabetic renal changes compared to those seen in humans. By 8 weeks of age, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was already increased, and glomerular hypertrophy was prominent. At 20 weeks, GFR reached its peak, and urine albumin excretion rate was elevated. Finally, at 40 weeks, diffuse glomerular sclerotic lesions were prominently accompanied by increased expression of collagen type IV and laminin and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Nodular lesions were absent, but glomerular basement membrane thickening was prominent. At this point, GFR declined and urinary albumin excretion rate increased, causing a nephrotic state with lower serum albumin and higher serum total cholesterol. Thus, similar to human diabetic nephropathy, ICER Igamma transgenic mice exhibit a stable and progressive phenotype of diabetic kidney disease due solely to chronic hyperglycemia without other modulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Inada
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Tzortzaki EG, Yang M, Glass D, Deng L, Evan AP, Bledsoe SB, Stambrook PJ, Sahota A, Tischfield JA. Impaired expression of an organic cation transporter, IMPT1, in a knockout mouse model for kidney stone disease. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2003; 31:257-61. [PMID: 12856169 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-003-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2002] [Accepted: 03/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The imprinted multimembrane-spanning polyspecific transporter-like gene 1 ( IMPT1) encodes a predicted protein with organic cation transport capabilities. As a first step in understanding the function of IMPT1, we identified the renal structures expressing this gene in knockout mice with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency and 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) nephrolithiasis. IMPT1 mRNA was not detected using a standard in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol, but we observed intense staining in cortico-medullary tubules and glomeruli in wild-type mice using an improved reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ISH procedure. IMPT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the cortical region in kidney sections from APRT-deficient male mice. APRT-deficient female mice are less severely affected by DHA-induced kidney stone disease, and we observed only a modest reduction in IMPT1 expression in kidneys from these mice. IMPT1 expression in APRT heterozygous mice was comparable to that in wild-type mice, suggesting imprinting of one of the parental alleles. These findings suggest that decreased IMPT1 mRNA expression may contribute to the impaired renal function in APRT-deficient male mice, and that RT-PCR ISH is a valuable tool for localizing the site of expression of transcripts that are not detectable using standard ISH procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni G Tzortzaki
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, NJ 08854-8082, Piscataway, USA
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Hefler LA, Tempfer CB, Moreno RM, O'Brien WE, Gregg AR. Endothelial-derived nitric oxide and angiotensinogen: blood pressure and metabolism during mouse pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280:R174-82. [PMID: 11124149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.1.r174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy involves several biological pathways. Candidate genes implicated in hypertensive diseases during pregnancy include those of the renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We evaluated blood pressure and metabolic characteristics during pregnancy in mutant mice. These included mice with a null mutation in the endothelial NOS (eNOS) gene (Nos3(-/-)), four copies of the angiotensinogen gene (Agt(2/2)), and mutations in both genes [four copies of Agt and heterozygous deficient for eNOS (Agt(2/2)Nos3(+/-)), four copies of Agt and homozygous deficient for eNOS (Agt(2/2)Nos3(-/-))]. Blood pressure measurements of nulliparous females from mutant strains were compared with two common laboratory strains C57Bl6/J and SV129 throughout their first pregnancy. Serum and urine analysis for the evaluation of renal and liver physiology were measured in the prepregnant state and during the third trimester of pregnancy. Throughout pregnancy blood pressures in all mutant strains were higher compared with controls. Agt(2/2)Nos3(-/-) showed the highest blood pressures and C57Bl6/J the lowest. Control mice, but not mutant mice, showed a second trimester decline in blood pressure. No immediate differences were noted regarding behavioral characteristics, renal or liver function parameters. Mice deficient for eNOS, mice with overexpression of Agt, and mice with mutations in both genes demonstrated higher blood pressure throughout pregnancy. There was no evidence of renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or hemolysis among any of the strains studied. We conclude that Nos3 and Agt are important genes in the regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hefler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
The increasing availability of transgenic mouse models of gene deletion and human disease has mandated the development of creative approaches to characterize mouse phenotype. The mouse presents unique challenges to phenotype analysis because of its small size, habits, and inability to verbalize clinical symptoms. This review describes strategies to study mouse organ physiology, focusing on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neurobehavioral systems. General concerns about evaluating mouse phenotype studies are discussed. Monitoring and anesthesia methods are reviewed, with emphasis on the feasibility and limitations of noninvasive and invasive procedures to monitor physiological parameters, do cannulations, and perform surgical procedures. Examples of phenotype studies are cited to demonstrate the practical applications and limitations of the measurement methods. The repertoire of phenotype analysis methods reviewed here should be useful to investigators involved in or contemplating the use of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rao
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0521, USA
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