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Paulin TK, Malmgren L, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Osteosarcopenia: Prevalence and 10-Year Fracture and Mortality Risk - A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study of 75-Year-Old Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:315-325. [PMID: 38300303 PMCID: PMC10957698 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is the coexistence of low bone mass and sarcopenia. In older women, its prevalence is not well described, and it is unknown if sarcopenia is additive to low bone mass for fracture and mortality risk. The study investigated prevalence of osteosarcopenia and if osteosarcopenia is associated with higher fracture and mortality risk than low bone mass alone in older community-dwelling women. The longitudinal, population-based OPRA Cohort (n = 1044), all aged 75 at inclusion, followed for 10 years. Using WHO and EWGSOP2 definitions for low bone mass (T-score < -1.0 femoral neck) and sarcopenia (knee strength; appendicular lean muscle mass) women were categorized (1) Normal, (2) Low bone mass (LBM), and 3) Osteosarcopenia (probable; confirmed). Risk of hip, major osteoporotic fracture, and mortality were estimated. Osteosarcopeniaconfirmed prevalence increased from age 75 to 80 and 85 from 3.0% (29/970) to 4.9% (32/656) to 9.2% (33/358) but prevalence is potentially 2-4 times higher (11.8%, 13.4%, 20.3%) based on osteosarcopeniaprobable. Having osteosarcopeniaprobable significantly increased 10-year risk of hip fracture (HRadj 2.67 [1.34-5.32]), major osteoporotic fracture (HRadj 2.04 [1.27-3.27]), and mortality (HRadj 1.91 [1.21-3.04]). In contrast, LBM increased osteoporotic fracture risk (HRadj 2.08 [1.46-2.97], but not hip fracture (HRadj 1.62 [0.92-2.85]) or mortality (HRadj 0.94 [0.64-1.38]). Median time-to-hip fracture was 7.6 years (normal), 6.0 years (LBM), and 5.7 years (osteosarcopeniaprobable). Prevalence of confirmed osteosarcopenia is almost 10% at age 85. Probable osteosarcopenia significantly increased risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures and mortality more so than low bone mass alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Kolenda Paulin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Linnea Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Zarzeczny R, Nawrat-Szołtysik A, Polak A. Effects of 12 weeks of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles on the function and physio-biochemical traits in functionally fit female nursing-home residents aged 75 + years: a pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:945-962. [PMID: 37750973 PMCID: PMC10879313 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscular changes induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are well recognized, but knowledge of how NMES influences the physio-biochemical traits of the oldest old is still limited. This study investigated the effect of NMES applied for 12 weeks to the quadriceps muscles of female nursing-home residents aged 75 + on their functional capability and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits. METHODS Nineteen women regularly taking part in two body conditioning sessions per week were randomized into an electrical stimulation group (ES; n = 10; 30 min sessions, 3 times per week) or a control group (CON; n = 9). At baseline and study week 12, all women performed the 30 s chair stand test (30sCST), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the instrumented timed up and go test (iTUG). Resting heart rates, blood pressure, and the blood concentrations of inflammatory and bone metabolism markers were also measured twice. RESULTS NMES increased the strength of participants' quadriceps muscles and their performance on the 30sCST and 6MWT while lowering resting arterial blood pressure and inflammatory marker levels; osteoclast activity showed a tendency to decrease. Changes in the iTUG results were not observed. A multiple regression analysis found that the results of functional tests in the ES group were best correlated with pulse pressure (the 30sCST and iTUG tests) and diastolic blood pressure (the 6MWT test). CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of NMES treatment improved participants' functional capacity and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits. The ES group participants' performance on functional tests was best predicted by hemodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zarzeczny
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 5 Żeromskiego Str., 25-369, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nawrat-Szołtysik
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
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Yamaguchi T, Kouzaki K, Sasaki K, Nakazato K. Alterations in neuromuscular junction morphology with ageing and endurance training modulate neuromuscular transmission and myofibre composition. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38173183 DOI: 10.1113/jp285143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Both ageing and exercise training affect the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure. Morphological alterations in the NMJ have been considered to influence neuromuscular transmission and myofibre properties, but the direct link between the morphology and function has yet to be established. We measured the neuromuscular transmission, myofibre composition and NMJ structure of 5-month-old (young) and 24-month-old untrained (aged control) and trained (aged trained) mice. Aged trained mice were subjected to 2 months of endurance training before the measurement. Neuromuscular transmission was evaluated in vivo as the ratio of ankle plantar flexion torque evoked by the sciatic nerve stimulation to that by direct muscle stimulation. The torque ratio was significantly lower in aged mice than in young and aged trained mice at high-frequency stimulations, showing a significant positive correlation with voluntary grip strength. The degree of pre- to post-synaptic overlap of the NMJ was also significantly lower in aged mice and positively correlated with the torque ratio. We also found that the proportion of fast-twitch fibres in the soleus muscle decreased with age, and that age-related denervation occurred preferentially in fast-twitch fibres. Age-related denervation and a shift in myofibre composition were partially prevented by endurance training. These results suggest that age-related deterioration of the NMJ structure impairs neuromuscular transmission and alters myofibre composition, but these alterations can be prevented by structural amelioration of NMJ with endurance training. Our findings highlight the importance of the NMJ as a major determinant of age-related deterioration of skeletal muscles and the clinical significance of endurance training as a countermeasure. KEY POINTS: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) plays an essential role in neuromuscular transmission and the maintenance of myofibre properties. We show that neuromuscular transmission is impaired with ageing but recovered by endurance training, which contributes to alterations in voluntary strength. Neuromuscular transmission is associated with the degree of pre- to post-synaptic overlap of the NMJ. Age-related denervation of fast-twitch fibres and a shift in myofibre composition toward a slower phenotype are partially prevented by endurance training. Our study provides substantial evidence that age-related and exercise-induced alterations in neuromuscular transmission and myofibre properties are associated with morphological changes in the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Blemker SS, Brooks SV, Esser KA, Saul KR. Fiber-type traps: revisiting common misconceptions about skeletal muscle fiber types with application to motor control, biomechanics, physiology, and biology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:109-121. [PMID: 37994416 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly complex tissue that is studied by scientists from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including motor control, biomechanics, exercise science, physiology, cell biology, genetics, regenerative medicine, orthopedics, and engineering. Although this diversity in perspectives has led to many important discoveries, historically, there has been limited overlap in discussions across fields. This has led to misconceptions and oversimplifications about muscle biology that can create confusion and potentially slow scientific progress across fields. The purpose of this synthesis paper is to bring together research perspectives across multiple muscle fields to identify common assumptions related to muscle fiber type that are points of concern to clarify. These assumptions include 1) classification by myosin isoform and fiber oxidative capacity is equivalent, 2) fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is a surrogate marker for myosin isoform or oxidative capacity, and 3) muscle force-generating capacity can be inferred from myosin isoform. We address these three fiber-type traps and provide some context for how these misunderstandings can and do impact experimental design, computational modeling, and interpretations of findings, from the perspective of a range of fields. We stress the dangers of generalizing findings about "muscle fiber types" among muscles or across species or sex, and we note the importance for precise use of common terminology across the muscle fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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Di Luigi L, Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Dimauro I, Sgrò P. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17382. [PMID: 38139211 PMCID: PMC10743853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-related methodology in biomedical sciences receives considerable attention, with numerous studies highlighting biological differences between cisgender males and females. These differences influence the clinical symptoms of various diseases and impact therapeutic approaches. In this in vitro study, we investigate the potential role of sex-chromosome-related dimorphism on steroidogenic enzymes, androgen receptor (AR) expression, and cellular translocation in primary human skeletal muscle cells before and after exposure to testosterone. We analyzed 46XY and 46XX cells for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), 5α-reductase (5α-R2), aromatase (Cyp-19), and AR gene expression. We also compared AR expression and intracellular translocation after increasing exposure to testosterone. At baseline, we observed higher mRNA expression for 5α-R2 and AR in 46XY cells and higher Cyp-19 mRNA expression in 46XX cells. Following testosterone exposure, we observed an increase in AR expression and translocation in 46XX cells, even at the lowest dose of 0.5 nM, while significant changes in 46XY cells were observed only from 10 nM. Our in vitro results demonstrate that the diverse sex chromosome assets reflect important differences in muscle steroidogenesis. They support the concept that chromosomal disparities between males and females, even in vitro, lead to pivotal variations in cellular physiology and response. This understanding represents a crucial starting point in gender medicine, ensuring a precise approach in clinical practice, sports, and exercise settings and facilitating the translation of in vitro data to in vivo applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
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Huang PX, Yeh CL, Yang SC, Shirakawa H, Chang CL, Chen LH, Chiu YS, Chiu WC. Rice Bran Supplementation Ameliorates Gut Dysbiosis and Muscle Atrophy in Ovariectomized Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:3514. [PMID: 37630706 PMCID: PMC10458250 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is rich in fiber and phytochemicals and confers several health benefits. However, its effects on gut microbiota and obesity-related muscle atrophy in postmenopausal status remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of rice bran on gut microbiota, muscle synthesis, and breakdown pathways in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). ICR female mice were divided into five groups: sham, OVX mice receiving control diet (OC); OVX mice receiving HFD (OH); OVX mice receiving control diet and rice bran (OR); and OVX mice receiving HFD and rice bran (OHR). After twelve weeks, relative muscle mass and grip strength were high in rice bran diet groups. IL-6, TNF-α, MuRf-1, and atrogin-1 expression levels were lower, and Myog and GLUT4 were higher in the OHR group. Rice bran upregulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1 (gut tight junction proteins). The abundance of Akkermansiaceae in the cecum was relatively high in the OHR group. Our finding revealed that rice bran supplementation ameliorated gut barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis and also maintained muscle mass by downregulating the expression of MuRf-1 and atrogin-1 (muscle atrophy-related factors) in HFD-fed OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xin Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Ching Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Chao-Lin Chang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Hsin Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yen-Shuo Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (P.-X.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (S.-C.Y.); (L.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11696, Taiwan
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Lopez P, Rech A, Petropoulou M, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Turella DJP, Freitas SR, Radaelli R. Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1471-1482. [PMID: 36378500 PMCID: PMC10395570 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. RESULTS Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J P Turella
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
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8
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de Jong JCBC, Attema BJ, van der Hoek MD, Verschuren L, Caspers MPM, Kleemann R, van der Leij FR, van den Hoek AM, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Keijer J. Sex differences in skeletal muscle-aging trajectory: same processes, but with a different ranking. GeroScience 2023; 45:2367-2386. [PMID: 36820956 PMCID: PMC10651666 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in muscle aging are poorly understood, but could be crucial for the optimization of sarcopenia-related interventions. To gain insight into potential sex differences in muscle aging, we recruited young (23 ± 2 years, 13 males and 13 females) and old (80 ± 3.5 years, 28 males and 26 females) participants. Males and females in both groups were highly matched, and vastus lateralis muscle parameters of old versus young participants were compared for each sex separately, focusing on gene expression. The overall gene expression profiles separated the sexes, but similar gene expression patterns separated old from young participants in males and females. Genes were indeed regulated in the same direction in both sexes during aging; however, the magnitude of differential expression was sex specific. In males, oxidative phosphorylation was the top-ranked differentially expressed process, and in females, this was cell growth mediated by AKT signaling. Findings from RNA-seq data were studied in greater detail using alternative approaches. In addition, we confirmed our data using publicly available data from three independent human studies. In conclusion, top-ranked pathways differ between males and females, but were present and altered in the same direction in both sexes. We conclude that the same processes are associated with skeletal muscle aging in males and females, but the differential expression of those processes in old vs. young participants is sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle C B C de Jong
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brecht J Attema
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanne D van der Hoek
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- MCL Academy, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Feike R van der Leij
- Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Research and Innovation Centre Agri, Food & Life Sciences, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Delft and Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie G Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Chia E, Marino FE. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and self-paced time-trial performance in older untrained men. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285628. [PMID: 37399194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, neuromuscular performance and cerebral oxygenation on self-paced cycling exercise in previously untrained older men. METHODS Eight untrained healthy males aged 53-64 years performed a familiarisation and a pre-training self-paced cycling time trial before 12 weeks of exercise training which combined aerobic and resistance exercise. The self-paced cycling time trial comprised a 30 s maximal effort sprint for every 4.5 min of lower intensity pace for a total of 25 min. Upon completion of 12 weeks of training, a comparison of the pre-training trial analysed for serum BDNF, neuromuscular performance, and cerebral oxygenation was undertaken. RESULTS Serum BDNF decreased significantly from 10.02 ± 4.63 to 6.96 ± 3.56 ng/ml after 12 weeks of training. There was also attenuated physiological strain for a comparable self-paced cycling performance. Despite positive physiological responses during the time trial pacing strategy was not altered compared with pre training. CONCLUSION BDNF decreases following 12 weeks of concurrent training and might reflect neuroplasticity for this type of training stimulus. Exercise training in previously sedentary older men can result in a multitude of physical benefits, which may also confer a neuroprotective effect. However, specific training is required to improve pacing strategies in previously untrained older males. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12622001477718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevon Chia
- School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Science and Research Group for Human Adaptation, Exercise & Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank E Marino
- School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Science and Research Group for Human Adaptation, Exercise & Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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10
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Genc AS, Agar A, Güzel N. Evaluation of Psoas Muscle Atrophy and the Degree of Fat Infiltration After Unilateral Hip Arthroplasty. Cureus 2023; 15:e41506. [PMID: 37551232 PMCID: PMC10404381 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atrophy of the muscles around the hip and thigh has been reported in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Total hip arthroplasty (THA) reduces pain and improves quality of life and activity levels. Muscle strength of the hip and thigh also improves after THA. This study aimed to determine whether there is significant psoas muscle atrophy and to evaluate the degree of fat infiltration after unilateral hip arthroplasty. SUBJECT AND METHODS Patients who underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty for primary hip osteoarthritis and who had lumbar vertebra magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for any reason in the one-year preoperative and postoperative period were evaluated retrospectively. The degree of fat infiltration was also graded visually based on a modified Goutallier rating system. RESULTS The study was conducted with a total of 58 patients aged between 38 and 75, including 15 males and 43 females. Compared to the preoperative psoas muscle area values on the operated sides of the patients participating in the study, the decrease in the postoperative psoas muscle area was found to be statistically significant (p:0.000; p<0.05). Furthermore, the decrease in psoas muscle area on the non-operated side of the patients was also statistically significant (p:0.000; p<0.05). There was also a positive correlation between preoperative and postoperative psoas muscle areas (p:0.000; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Early identification of psoas muscle mass reduction may allow for a more proactive psoas strength improvement program to improve post-operative function and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Serhat Genc
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, TUR
| | - Anil Agar
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Saglik Bilimleri University, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Nizamettin Güzel
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, TUR
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11
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Hortobágyi T, Vetrovsky T, Brach JS, van Haren M, Volesky K, Radaelli R, Lopez P, Granacher U. Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Quality in Older Individuals: A Systematic Scoping Review with Meta-Analyses. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:41. [PMID: 37278947 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older individuals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in individuals with neurological conditions. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training on muscle quality (MQ) in older individuals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling-Zhang test. RESULTS Thirty studies (n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older individuals and no studies in individuals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ (g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ (g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35-1.01, p < 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older individuals (g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38-1.06, p < 0.001), in lower extremity muscles (g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35-1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training (g = 0.91; 95% CI 0.42-1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older individuals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older individuals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older individuals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older individuals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Sport Research, Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martijn van Haren
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krystof Volesky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Regis Radaelli
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Barazzoni R, Cederholm T, Zanetti M, Gortan Cappellari G. Defining and diagnosing sarcopenia: Is the glass now half full? Metabolism 2023; 143:155558. [PMID: 37031950 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Low muscle mass and function exert a substantial negative impact on quality of life, health and ultimately survival, but their definition, identification and combination to define sarcopenia have suffered from lack of universal consensus. Methodological issues have also contributed to incomplete agreement, as different approaches, techniques and potential surrogate measures inevitably lead to partly different conclusions. As a consequence: 1) awareness of sarcopenia and implementation of diagnostic procedures in clinical practice have been limited; 2) patient identification and evaluation of therapeutic strategies is largely incomplete. Significant progress has however recently occurred after major diagnostic algorithms have been developed, with common features and promising perspectives for growing consensus. At the same time, the need for further refinement of the sarcopenia concept has emerged, to address its increasingly recognized clinical heterogeneity. This includes potential differential underlying mechanisms and clinical features for age- and disease-driven sarcopenia, and the emerging challenge of sarcopenia in persons with obesity. Here, we will review existing algorithms to diagnose sarcopenia, and major open methodological issues to assess skeletal muscle mass and function under different clinical conditions, in order to highlight similarities and differences. Potential for consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis as well as emerging new challenges will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Uppsala University and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
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13
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de Lucena Alves CP, de Almeida SB, Lima DP, Neto PB, Miranda AL, Manini T, Vlietstra L, Waters DL, Bielemann RM, Correa-de-Araujo R, Trussardi Fayh AP, Costa EC. Muscle Quality in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:462-467.e12. [PMID: 36963436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to map out currently available definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality in older adults. DESIGN Scoping review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All available studies. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to May 2022. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were undertaken by 2 reviewers independently. Observational and experimental studies were eligible for inclusion if there was a clear description of muscle quality assessment in individuals aged 60+ years. RESULTS A total of 96 articles were included. Several definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality were identified and divided into 2 main domains: (1) functional domain, and (2) morphological domain. A total of 70% and 30% of the included studies assessed muscle quality in the functional and morphological domains, respectively. In the functional domain, most studies defined muscle quality as the ratio of knee extension strength by leg lean mass (45.9%). In the morphological domain, most studies defined muscle quality as the echo intensity of quadriceps femoris by ultrasound (50.0%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There is a substantial heterogeneity of definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality in older adults. Herein, we propose a standardized definition of muscle quality to include terminology, domain, and assessment methods (tests, tools, and body sites). Such standardization may help researchers, clinicians, and decision makers use muscle quality as a potential marker of "skeletal muscle health" in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Brito de Almeida
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Pessoa Lima
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Medical School, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga Neto
- Medical School, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Health Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Todd Manini
- Institute on Aging, Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, USA
| | - Lara Vlietstra
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Debra L Waters
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Renata Moraes Bielemann
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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14
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Associations of swallowing-related muscle quantity and quality with sarcopenic parameters. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:195-201. [PMID: 36626038 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between swallowing-related muscle characteristics and sarcopenic parameters. METHODS We included 147 community-dwelling older adults (age: 71.6 ± 4.7 years, body mass index: 23.0 ± 2.7 kg/m2 (mean ± standard deviation), men: 50; women: 97) and categorized them into robust (n = 125), low-function (n = 17), and sarcopenia (n = 5) groups based on the diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. We evaluated the geniohyoid muscle (GHM) and tongue characteristics (muscle quantity and quality). The cross-sectional area (CSA) indicated the muscle quantity, and echo intensity (EI) values indicated the muscle quality. A multiple regression analysis was performed to clarify the relationship of swallowing-related muscle characteristics and strength with sarcopenic parameters. RESULTS The grip strength (CSA of GHM: β = 1.64, p = 0.03) and skeletal muscle mass index (CSA of tongue: β = 74.81, p = 0.003, EI of tongue: β = 1.92, p = 0.009) were better indicators of swallowing-related muscle characteristics. CONCLUSION These findings may facilitate the early detection of aging-related deterioration in swallowing-related musculature through the diagnostic process of sarcopenia and increase our understanding of muscle physiology.
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15
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Manipulating the Resistance Training Volume in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effects on Muscle Strength and Size, Muscle Quality, and Functional Capacity. Sports Med 2023; 53:503-518. [PMID: 36307745 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective manipulation of the acute variables of resistance training is critical to optimizing muscle and functional adaptations in middle-aged and older adults. However, the ideal volume prescription (e.g., number of sets performed per exercise) in middle-aged and older adults remains inconclusive in the literature. OBJECTIVE The effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength and size, muscle quality, and functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults were compared. Moreover, the effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscular and functional gains were also examined, considering the influence of training duration. METHODS Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials comparing single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength, muscle size, muscle quality, or functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults (aged ≥ 50 years) in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (01/09/2021, updated on 15/05/2022) were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included (430 participants; 93% women; age 57.9-70.1 years). Multiple sets per exercise produced a greater effect than single sets on lower-limb strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.51; mean difference [MD] = 1.91 kg; 95% CI 0.50-3.33) and muscle quality (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI 0.05-0.75) gains. There were no differences between single versus multiple sets per exercise for upper-limb strength (SMD = 0.13; 95% CI - 0.14 to 0.40; MD = 0.11 kg; 95% CI - 0.52 to 0.75), muscle size (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI - 0.07 to 0.37), and functional capacity (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI - 0.47 to 0.50) gains. In addition, there were no differences between single versus multiple sets on muscle strength and size gains for training durations ≤ 12 weeks or > 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sets per exercise produced greater lower-limb strength and muscle quality gains than single sets in middle-aged and older adults, although the magnitude of the difference was small. In contrast, single sets per exercise were sufficient to improve upper-limb strength, muscle size, and functional capacity in these populations. Despite these findings, researchers should conduct future high-quality, pre-registered, and blinded randomized controlled trials to strengthen the scientific evidence on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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16
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Mayrink Ivo JF, Sugizaki CSA, Souza Freitas ATV, Costa NA, Peixoto MDRG. Age, hemodialysis time, gait speed, but not mortality, are associated with muscle quality index in end-stage renal disease. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112035. [PMID: 36436759 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The muscle quality index (MQI) has proven to be an interesting clinical measurement in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In clinical practice, its interpretation can be biased by fat mass (FM) distribution. This study aims to explore the arm MQI association with body composition, clinical factors, and mortality. METHODS It was analytical longitudinal and exploratory, that included patients from two-center, over 18 years old, of both genders in treatment by HD. The follow-up period was 32 months, and mortality was the clinical outcome. Demographical and clinical data were collected in the patient's medical records. Body composition was evaluated using octopolar multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA). Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured by a dynamometer and the time required to walk 3 m was applied to obtain gait speed. The baseline associations with MQI (HGS/arm muscle mass) were examined by multivariate linear regression. Cox regressions evaluated the associations with mortality. RESULTS A total of 97 patients in HD were included. Mean age was 50.93 ± 14.10 years, 71.13 % were male. Age (β = -0,096, p = 0.024), HD time (β = -0.023, p = 0.032), total skeletal muscle mass (β = -0.475, p < 0.001) were inversely associated with MQI and gait speed had a direct association with MQI (β = 8514, p = 0.002). The prevalence of mortality was 29.76 %, of which 37.29 % were men (p = 0.020). Low MQI was not associated with mortality (Hz = 0.80, CI95 % = 0.34; 1.91, p = 0.629). CONCLUSION The arm MQI was associated with an indicator of general functional capacity (gait speed), but was not associated with fat measures in baseline and mortality after 32 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Mayrink Ivo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clara S A Sugizaki
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Nara Aline Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Yang C, Song Y, Li T, Chen X, Zhou J, Pan Q, Jiang W, Wang M, Jia H. Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:329-339. [PMID: 37248756 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health concern because of its association with several adverse health events. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation reportedly delays the loss of muscle mass and function; however, the effect of HMB on sarcopenia remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the impact of HMB intervention on muscle strength, physical performance, body compositions, and inflammatory factors in older adults with sarcopenia. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study included subjects aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia which were assigned to the HMB group (HMBG, n=18) and the placebo group (PG, n=16). INTERVENTION The HMBG and PG were supplied with HMB and placebo products twice daily for 12 weeks, and both received resistance exercise training twice a week in 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS Hand grip strength was selected as the primary outcome; gait speed, five-time chair stand test, body composition and inflammatory indicators were selected as the secondary outcomes. The differences in changes from baseline between the two groups were analyzed using the analysis of covariance(ANCOVA). RESULTS After the 12-week intervention, the HMBG demonstrated significantly greater improvements in handgrip strength (4.61(95%CI:2.93,6.28) kg, P<0.001), gait speed (0.11(95%CI:0.02,0.20)m/s, P=0.014), five-time chair stand test (-3.65 (95%CI:-5.72, -1.58)s, P=0.001), muscle quality (2.47(95%CI:1.15,3.80),kg.kg-1 P=0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (-15.23(95%CI:-29.80,-0.66)pmol/mL, P=0.041) compared with the PG; no significant differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and other body composition parameters were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION In older adults with sarcopenia, HMB significantly enhance the effect of resistance exercise training on muscle strength, physical performance, muscle quality, and reduced inflammatory factors. Therefore, HMB supplementation could be an effective treatment for sarcorpenia. The trial protocol was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47571 as ChiCTR2000028778.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yang
- Hong Jia, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China,
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18
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Tang X, Huang S, Huang L, Feng Z, Wang Z, Yue J, Qiu L. Ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system for older adults: a promising muscle mass estimation tool. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6964937. [PMID: 36580560 PMCID: PMC9799249 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of muscle mass is a critical step in sarcopenia disease management. Expanding upon the use of ultrasound in foetal growth assessment, we established and validated an ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system for older adults at a risk of sarcopenia. METHODS A total of 669 older adults were recruited in three cohorts in this cross-sectional study. In cohort 1(n = 103), the most valuable sites for skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) estimation were located among 11 ultrasound scanning sites. An ultrasound-derived SMI estimating algorithm based on muscle thickness (MT) was obtained in the modelling group composed of cohorts 1 and 2 (n = 309). The reliability of the muscle mass estimation equation and the validity of the obtained cut-off values were verified in cohort 3 (n = 257), which was selected as the verification group. RESULTS In the modelling group, the cut-off values of ultrasound-derived e-SMI for low SMI were 7.13 kg/m2 for men and 5.81 kg/m2 for women. In the verification group, the intraclass correlation between e-SMI and SMI was 0.885. The sensitivity of the e-SMI in detecting low SMI was 93.6% for men and 89.7% for women, and the negative predictive value was 94.9% for men and 94.7% for women. Combined with the handgrip strength and gait speed, the e-SMI had an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 91.0% for sarcopenia. CONCLUSION The ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system can be a promising muscle mass estimation tool and a potential disease classification tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songya Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyan Feng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- Address correspondence to: Jirong Yue National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. E-mail: ; Li Qiu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. E-mail:
| | - Li Qiu
- Address correspondence to: Jirong Yue National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. E-mail: ; Li Qiu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. E-mail:
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Thongduang P, Chatchawan U, Puntumetakul R, Yamauchi J, Peungsuwan P. Quadriceps Electromyographic Activity in Closed and Open Kinetic-Chain Exercises with Hip-Adductor Co-Contraction in Sedentary Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12929. [PMID: 36232225 PMCID: PMC9566802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different closed and open kinetic-chain exercises with hip-adductor co-contraction have different effects on quadriceps activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in quadriceps activity during the squat (SQ) and knee extension (KE) and straight leg raise (SLR) exercises with and without hip adduction in sedentary women. METHODS Twenty-eight sedentary women aged 44.5 ± 8.5 years were recruited. They performed three exercises with and without hip adduction. Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity was measured on the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles. The levels of sEMG activities of the three muscles were compared among the six exercises using a repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS The findings showed that RF activity was lowest during the SQ alone and highest during the SLR exercise (p < 0.05 to 0.001). The VMO activity was significantly greater in the SQH than in the five types of exercises (p < 0.05 to 0.001), which led to a significant VMO/VL ratio as well. VL activity increased while the squat with hip adduction and knee extension with hip adduction exercise compared with SQ alone. CONCLUSION This study indicates that a closed-chain squat with hip co-contraction can produce the VMO and VMO/VL ratio activity, while an open chain of SLR better activates the RF activity. The findings support the understanding of quadriceps activity in different exercises to be an alternative home-based exercise for physical therapy in women facing muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinyathip Thongduang
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Chatchawan
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Junichiro Yamauchi
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Punnee Peungsuwan
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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20
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Factors of Muscle Quality and Determinants of Muscle Strength: A Systematic Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101937. [PMID: 36292384 PMCID: PMC9601777 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle quality defined as the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass disregards underlying factors which influence muscle strength. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship of phase angle (PhA), echo intensity (EI), muscular adipose tissue (MAT), muscle fiber type, fascicle pennation angle (θf), fascicle length (lf), muscle oxidative capacity, insulin sensitivity (IS), neuromuscular activation, and motor unit to muscle strength. PubMed search was performed in 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (i) original research, (ii) human participants, (iii) adults (≥18 years). Exclusion criteria were: (i) no full-text, (ii) non-English or -German language, (iii) pathologies. Forty-one studies were identified. Nine studies found a weak−moderate negative (range r: [−0.26]−[−0.656], p < 0.05) correlation between muscle strength and EI. Four studies found a weak−moderate positive correlation (range r: 0.177−0.696, p < 0.05) between muscle strength and PhA. Two studies found a moderate-strong negative correlation (range r: [−0.446]−[−0.87], p < 0.05) between muscle strength and MAT. Two studies found a weak-strong positive correlation (range r: 0.28−0.907, p < 0.05) between θf and muscle strength. Muscle oxidative capacity was found to be a predictor of muscle strength. This review highlights that the current definition of muscle quality should be expanded upon as to encompass all possible factors of muscle quality.
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21
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Timmons JF, Hone M, Duffy O, Egan B. When Matched for Relative Leg Strength at Baseline, Male and Female Older Adults Respond Similarly to Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2927-2933. [PMID: 36135036 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James F Timmons
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Hone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orlaith Duffy
- Medfit Proactive Healthcare, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland ; and
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
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22
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Fastame MC, Mulas I, Putzu V, Asoni G, Viale D, Mameli I, Pau M. The efficiency of activities of daily living (ADLs) skills in late adulthood: A mediational approach. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35981564 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The term "Activities of Daily Living" (ADLs) refers to a set of fundamental tasks (i.e., toileting, bathing, personal care, eating, grooming, and getting dressed) considered necessary for living and being autonomous in everyday life. Although in the clinical setting ADLs efficiency is a marker to diagnose dementia, limited evidence on the mechanism implicating muscular function and cognitive alterations in ADLs skills in late adulthood exists. This study primarily intended to determine the extent to which executive functions mediate between muscular strength, as assessed through handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and ADLs skills of older community-dwellers. A further goal was to explore the impact of gender and cognitive status on ADLs and HGS scores, using education as a covariate. Three hundred and thirty-four older participants, 199 females and 135 males (Mage = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6 years, age range = 63-93 years) completed a battery of tests assessing ADLs, HGS, and executive functions. The results showed that 34-56% of the variance in the ADLs condition was explained by HGS and executive functioning. Furthermore, cognitively healthy participants exhibited better ADLs skills, whereas cognitively impaired individuals, both males and females, exhibited poorer HGS efficiency. In conclusion, in clinical settings, the concurrent evaluation of ADLs skills, motor, and higher-order cognitive processes should be encouraged to detect individuals needing a person-tailored intervention to boost their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Putzu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, ASSL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gesuina Asoni
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, ASSL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Viale
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, ASSL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Mameli
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, ASSL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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23
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Tatangelo T, Muollo V, Ghiotto L, Schena F, Rossi AP. Exploring the association between handgrip, lower limb muscle strength, and physical function in older adults: A narrative review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111902. [PMID: 35878867 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Widely used in daily practice, handgrip strength (HGS) is a low cost, easy-to-use, and portable test to assess overall muscle and physical function. It can be used as a stand-alone or a first-line tool for evaluating muscle weakness, though controversy surrounds its use for assessing global or lower limb muscle function. Lower limb mobility and physical activity are reduced with advancing age. This decline is difficult to quantify with isokinetic or isometric devices in routine settings (hospital and nursing home). For this narrative review we explored and summarized the findings of studies that investigated the association between HGS, lower limb muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults. The review also provides directions for future research. We noted contrasting findings for an association between HGS, lower limb strength, and physical performance. We found insufficient evidence for endorsing the handgrip dynamometer as a definitive tool for measuring overall muscle strength and physical function. More evidence is needed from comparable studies involving larger samples of men and women and investigating other areas such as lifestyle, daily physical activity levels, and health-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Tatangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ghiotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Cà Foncello, Treviso, Italy; Healthy Aging Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
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24
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da Cruz Alves NM, Pfrimer K, Santos PC, de Freitas EC, Neves T, Pessini RA, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Greig CA, Ferriolli E. Randomised Controlled Trial of Fish Oil Supplementation on Responsiveness to Resistance Exercise Training in Sarcopenic Older Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142844. [PMID: 35889801 PMCID: PMC9317261 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the muscle adaptive response to resistance exercise training, physical performance and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic older women. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is performed with thirty-four sarcopenic women (2010 European Consensus of Sarcopenia), aged ≥ 65 years. The participants are allocated into the following two groups: Exercise and Fish Oil (EFO) and Exercise and Placebo (EP). Both groups undertook a resistance exercise programme over 14 weeks. All participants are instructed to ingest 4 g/day of food supplements; the EP group received sunflower oil capsules, and the EFO group, fish oil capsules. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps muscle is calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strength of the lower limbs is measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Both groups show improvements in CSA and strength after the intervention. Changes in EFO are significantly greater compared with EP for muscle strength (peak torque, 19.46 Nm and 5.74 Nm, respectively, p < 0.001). CSA increased after the intervention in both groups (EFO; 6.11% and EP; 2.91%), although there is no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.23). There are no significant intra-group, inter-group or time differences in any of the cytokines measured. The use of fish oil supplementation potentiates the neuromuscular response to the anabolic stimulus from training, increasing muscle strength and physical performance in sarcopenic older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maira da Cruz Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenue Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Carvalho Santos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara State, University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; (P.C.S.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara State, University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; (P.C.S.); (E.C.d.F.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Neves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Antônio Pessini
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.P.); (M.H.N.-B.)
| | - Márcia Varella Morandi Junqueira-Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
| | - Marcello H. Nogueira-Barbosa
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.P.); (M.H.N.-B.)
| | - Carolyn Anne Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
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25
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Hirano Y, Yamada Y, Matsui Y, Ota S, Arai H. Lower limb muscle quality and phase angle contribute to the reduced walking speed among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:603-609. [PMID: 35781752 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the predictors of a walking speed <1 m/s. Factors associated with the health of muscle cells, including the phase angle analyzed using bioimpedance analysis, answers to the mini-nutritional assessment-short form, albumin levels, leg muscle quality and vitamin D levels, were assessed. METHODS The study participants were outpatients from the Locomotor Frailty Outpatient Clinic which was established at our center in 2016 (231 women, 76.5 ± 7.6 years; 137 men, 78.0 ± 6.3 years). Participants were classified into two groups, with 1 m/s walking speed as the cutoff value. Binominal logistic regression analysis was performed with walking speed as the dependent variable, and age, leg muscle quality, mini-nutritional assessment-short form answers, albumin levels, vitamin D levels and the phase angle as explanatory variables. Leg muscle quality was defined as the mean value of both lower limbs' isometric knee extensor strength, divided by the mean value of both lower limbs' muscle mass through bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS The explanatory variables associated with decreased walking speed among women were leg muscle quality (P = 0.004, odds ratio: 0.57) and phase angle (P = 0.017, odds ratio: 0.42). Men were also more likely to have leg muscle quality (P = 0.004, odds ratio: 0.43). CONCLUSIONS Leg muscle quality and the phase angle of lower extremities were independently associated with low walking speeds (<1 m/s) among older outpatients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirano
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu city, Japan.,Graduate School of Mechanical System Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamada
- Graduate School of Mechanical System Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu city, Japan
| | - Susumu Ota
- The Faculty of Rehabilitation and care, Seijoh University, Tokai City, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu city, Japan
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26
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Entwistle I, Francis P, Lees M, Hume P, Hind K. Lean Mass, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Quality in Retired Rugby Players: The UK Rugby Health Project. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:958-963. [PMID: 35767990 DOI: 10.1055/a-1854-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although athletes from sports such as rugby have greater lean mass and strength during their playing careers, little is known about these characteristics post-retirement. Therefore, this study investigated lean mass, strength, and muscle quality in retired elite and amateur rugby players and non-contact athletes. Retired elite male rugby players (n=42, 43.9±10.3 y; 101.1±13.4 kg; 1.82±0.09 m), amateur rugby players (n=46, 48.0±10.5 y; 98.9±16.6 kg; 1.79±0.07 m) and non-contact athletes (n=30, 51.3±12.5 y; 91.3±13.4 kg; 1.79±0.07 m) received one total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment of appendicular lean mass (ALM) and ALM index (ALMI). Grip strength was measured, and muscle quality (grip strength/unit of arm lean mass) was calculated. Sarcopenia was identified as ALMI<7.23 kg/m2 and handgrip strength<37.2 kg. Total lean mass, ALM and grip strength were greater in the elite rugby compared to amateur rugby and non-contact groups (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in muscle quality or sarcopenia prevalence. Retired elite rugby players had greater lean mass and grip strength than amateur rugby and non-contact athletes, although muscle quality was similar. The greater lean mass and strength might reflect genetic influences or previous participation in a highly physical sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Entwistle
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Francis
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Matthew Lees
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patria Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen Hind
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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27
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Kassiano W, Costa B, Nunes JP, Cyrino LT, Nascimento MA, Tomeleri C, Antunes M, Gobbo LA, Ribeiro AS, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass in 511 physically independent older women aged 60-88 years. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111867. [PMID: 35690259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although one-repetition maximum (1RM) and lean soft tissue (LST) are the most common measures to assess muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass in older adults, reference data is still missing. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce reference values for the 1RM tests and LST in physically independent older women. Furthermore, the effect of age and body segment on these outcomes was examined. Five hundred and eleven older women aged 60-88 years participated in the present study. The 1RM tests were performed on chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry exams were used to determine total and segmental LST. The 1RM and LST average values: chest press = 44.0 ± 11.1 kg, leg extension = 48.8 ± 11.8 kg, preacher curl = 21.6 ± 5.4 kg; trunk LST = 19.0 ± 2.7 kg, lower-limbs LST = 12.5 ± 1.9 kg, upper-limbs LST = 4.0 ± 0.7 kg, appendicular LST = 16.6 ± 2.6, total LST = 38.5 ± 5.2 kg. The age-related declines in 1RM chest press and leg extension were higher than in preacher curl. The present study provides reference values for 1RM of different body segments and total and segmental LST in older women. In addition, our results revealed a reduction of muscular strength and LST with increasing age, and the magnitude of the age-related strength reduction depends on the body segment analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- State Faculty of Education, Sciences and Languages of Paranavaí, Paraná State University (UNESPAR), Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Crisieli Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luís A Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University Pitágoras Unopar, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- Research Unit in Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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28
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Sui SX, Williams LJ, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK, Leach S, Pasco JA. Associations Between Muscle Quality and Cognitive Function in Older Men: Cross-Sectional Data From the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:133-140. [PMID: 33879389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia-related declines appear to be adversely associated with cognition in the elderly. Poor muscle quality is a marker for sarcopenia, yet little research has examined the concurrence of poor muscle quality and poor cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between muscle quality and cognitive function, overall and in specific domains, in older men. This study involved 342 men from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (ages 60-96 years). Handgrip strength (HGS, kg) was measured by dynamometry (Vernier, LoggerPro3), and lean mass of arms (kg) and appendicular lean mass (ALM, kg) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar). Muscle quality was expressed as HGS/(arm lean mass) (kg/kg) as well as HGS/ALM (kg/kg). Cognitive function was assessed in 4 domains: visual attention, psychomotor function, working memory and visual learning. Overall cognitive function scores were calculated. Higher scores represent poorer cognitive performance in attention, psychomotor function and working memory, but better performance for visual memory/learning and overall cognitive function. Additionally, cognitive impairment was determined by the mini-mental state exam (score ≤ 24). Linear regression analyses and logistic regression were performed. There were age-related declines observed for all measures relating to muscle and cognition. Muscle quality (HGS/arm lean mass) was associated with all cognition assessments before and after adjusting for age, except for age-adjusted working memory. Muscle quality (HGS/arm lean mass) was associated with psychomotor function (B -0.01, 95% CI -0.02, -0.005) and overall cognitive function (b + 0.07, 95% CI 0.03, 0.11) after adjusting for age and education. Greater muscle quality was also associated with the likelihood of cognitive impairment OR 0.64 (95%CI 0.46-0.88) after adjusting for age; associations with attention and visual memory/learning were attenuated after further adjustment for confounders. Similar patterns were observed when muscle quality was determined as HGS/ALM. Our data support an association between muscle quality and cognitive function. Further research is needed to examine temporal changes between the Two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Sui
- Deakin University, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lana J Williams
- Deakin University, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara L Holloway-Kew
- Deakin University, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie K Hyde
- Deakin University, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Leach
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; GMHBA, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Deakin University, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; GMHBA, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Habermehl TL, Underwood KB, Welch KD, Gawrys SP, Parkinson KC, Schneider A, Masternak MM, Mason JB. Aging-associated changes in motor function are ovarian somatic tissue-dependent, but germ cell and estradiol independent in post-reproductive female mice exposed to young ovarian tissue. GeroScience 2022; 44:2157-2169. [PMID: 35349034 PMCID: PMC8962938 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical mediator of evolution is natural selection, which operates by the divergent reproductive success of individuals and results in conformity of an organism with its environment. Reproductive function has evolved to support germline transmission. In mammalian ovaries, this requires healthy, active gonad function, and follicle development. However, healthy follicles do not contribute to germline transmission in a dead animal. Therefore, support of the health and survival of the organism, in addition to fertility, must be considered as an integral part of reproductive function. Reproductive and chronological aging both impose a burden on health and increase disease rates. Tremors are a common movement disorder and are often correlated with increasing age. Muscle quality is diminished with age and these declines are gender-specific and are influenced by menopause. In the current experiments, we evaluated aging-associated and reproduction-influenced changes in motor function, utilizing changes in tremor amplitude and grip strength. Tremor amplitude was increased with aging in normal female mice. This increase in tremor amplitude was prevented in aged female mice that received ovarian tissue transplants, both in mice that received germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted ovarian tissue. Grip strength was decreased with aging in normal female mice. This decrease in grip strength was prevented in aged female mice that received either germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted tissue transplants. As expected, estradiol levels decreased with aging in normal female mice. Estradiol levels did not change with exposure to young ovarian tissues/cells. Surprisingly, estradiol levels were not increased in aged females that received ovaries from actively cycling, young donors. Overall, tremor amplitude and grip strength were negatively influenced by aging and positively influenced by exposure to young ovarian tissues/cells in aged female mice, and this positive influence was independent of ovarian germ cells and estradiol levels. These findings provide a strong incentive for further investigation of the influence of ovarian somatic tissue on health. In addition, changes in tremor amplitude may serve as an additional marker of biological age.
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Phillipe de Lucena Alves C, Câmara M, Dantas Macêdo GA, Freire YA, de Melo Silva R, Paulo-Pereira R, Farias-Junior LF, Fayh APT, Mortatti AL, Costa EC. Agreement between upper and lower limb measures to identify older adults with low skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle quality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262732. [PMID: 35061817 PMCID: PMC8782376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying low skeletal muscle strength (SMS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle quality (SMQ) is pivotal for diagnosing sarcopenia cases. Age-related declines in SMS, SMM, and SMQ are dissimilar between the upper (UL) and lower limbs (LL). Despite this, both UL and LL measures have been used to assess SMS, SMM and SMQ in older adults. However, it is not clear whether there is agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. OBJECTIVE To investigate the agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. METHODS Participants (n = 385; 66.1 ± 5.1 years; 75,4% females) performed the handgrip strength test (HGS) and the 30-s chair stand test (CST) to assess UL- and LL-SMS, respectively. The SMM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The UL-SMQ was determined as: handgrip strength (kgf) ÷ arm SMM (kg). LL-SMQ was determined as: 30-s CST performance (repetitions) ÷ leg SMM (kg). Results below the 25th percentile stratified by sex and age group (60-69 and 70-80 years) were used to determine low SMS, SMM and SMQ. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was used for the agreement analyses. RESULTS There was a slight and non-significant agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS (κ = 0.046; 95% CI 0.093-0.185; p = 0.352). There was a moderate agreement to identify low SMM (κ = 0.473; 95% CI 0.371-0.574; p = 0.001) and a fair agreement to identify low SMQ (κ = 0.206; 95% CI 0.082 to 0.330; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ is limited, which might generate different clinical interpretations for diagnosing sarcopenia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcyo Câmara
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Alberto Freire
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raíssa de Melo Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ronildo Paulo-Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Luis Mortatti
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The Exercise Boom of the 1970's resulted in the adoption of habitual exercise in a significant portion of the population. Many of these individuals are defying the cultural norms by remaining physically active and competing at a high level in their later years. The juxtaposition between masters athletes and non-exercisers demonstrate the importance of remaining physically active throughout the lifespan on physiological systems related to healthspan (years of healthy living). This includes ~50% improved maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and enhanced skeletal muscle health (size, function, as well as metabolic and communicative properties) compared to non-exercisers at a similar age. By taking a reductionist approach to VO2max and skeletal muscle health, we can gain insight into how aging and habitual exercise affects the aging process. Collectively, this review provides a physiological basis for the elite performances seen in masters athletes, as well as the health implications of lifelong exercise with a focus on VO2max, skeletal muscle metabolic fitness, whole muscle size and function, single muscle fiber physiology, and communicative properties of skeletal muscle. This review has significant public health implications due to the potent health benefits of habitual exercise across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Gries
- Exercise and Sports Science, Marian University, Indianapolis, United States
| | - S W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, United States
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Akamatsu Y, Kusakabe T, Arai H, Yamamoto Y, Nakao K, Ikeue K, Ishihara Y, Tagami T, Yasoda A, Ishii K, Satoh-Asahara N. Phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful indicator of muscle quality. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:180-189. [PMID: 34845859 PMCID: PMC8818694 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods that facilitate muscle quality measurement may improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Current research has focused on the phase angle (PhA) obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as an indicator of cellular health, particularly cell membrane integrity and cell function. The current study therefore aimed to evaluate the relationship between the PhA and muscle quality and muscle-related parameters and to determine factors associated with the PhA. Moreover, we attempted to determine the cut-off value of PhA for predicting sarcopenia. METHODS First-year university students (830 male students, 18.5 ± 0.6 years old; 422 female students, 18.3 ± 0.5 years old) and community-dwelling elderly individuals (70 male individuals, 74.4 ± 5.5 years old; 97 female individuals, 73.1 ± 6.4 years old) were included. PhA and other body composition data were measured using BIA, while muscle quality was calculated by dividing handgrip strength by upper limbs muscle mass. The relationship between PhA and the aforementioned parameters were then analysed, after which the cut-off value of PhA for predicting sarcopenia was examined. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and muscle quality were independently associated with PhA in both sexes [male (age: standardized regression coefficient (β) = -0.43, P < 0.001, SMI: β = 0.61, P < 0.001, muscle quality: β = 0.13, P < 0.001) and female (age: β = -0.56, P < 0.001, SMI: β = 0.52, P < 0.001, muscle quality: β = 0.09, P = 0.007)]. Participants with sarcopenia had a significantly lower PhA compared with those without it (sarcopenia vs. non-sarcopenia: young male participants, 5.51 ± 0.41° vs. 6.25 ± 0.50°, P < 0.001; young female participants, 4.88 ± 0.16° vs. 5.37 ± 0.44°, P = 0.005; elderly female participants: 4.14 ± 0.29° vs. 4.63 ± 0.42°, P = 0.009). Although no significant findings were observed in elderly male participants, the same tendency was noted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that PhA had good predictive ability for sarcopenia in young male, elderly male, young female, and elderly female participants (area under the ROC curve of 0.882, 0.838, 0.865, and 0.850, with cut-off PhA values of 5.95°, 5.04°, 5.02°, and 4.20° for predicting sarcopenia, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The PhA reflected muscle quality and exhibited good accuracy in detecting sarcopenia, suggesting its utility as an index for easily measuring muscle quality, which could improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Akamatsu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Health Administration Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Health and Medical Services Center, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikeue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tagami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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Damanti S, Cilla M, Tuscano B, De Lorenzo R, Manganaro G, Merolla A, Pacioni G, Pomaranzi C, Tiraferri V, Martinenghi S, Vitali G, Bosi E, Conte C, Giustina A, Tresoldi M, Rovere Querini P. Evaluation of Muscle Mass and Stiffness with Limb Ultrasound in COVID-19 Survivors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:801133. [PMID: 35250860 PMCID: PMC8892603 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.801133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND acute illnesses, like COVID-19, can act as a catabolic stimulus on muscles. So far, no study has evaluated muscle mass and quality through limb ultrasound in post-COVID-19 patients. METHODS cross sectional observational study, including patients seen one month after hospital discharge for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patients underwent a multidimensional evaluation. Moreover, we performed dominant medial gastrocnemius ultrasound (US) to characterize their muscle mass and quality. RESULTS two hundred fifty-nine individuals (median age 67, 59.8% males) were included in the study. COVID-19 survivors with reduced muscle strength had a lower muscle US thickness (1.6 versus 1.73 cm, p =0.02) and a higher muscle stiffness (87 versus 76.3, p = 0.004) compared to patients with normal muscle strength. Also, patients with reduced Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores had a lower muscle US thickness (1.3 versus 1.71 cm, p = 0.01) and a higher muscle stiffness (104.9 versus 81.07, p = 0.04) compared to individuals with normal SPPB scores. The finding of increased muscle stiffness was also confirmed in patients with a pathological value (≥ 4) at the sarcopenia screening tool SARC-F (103.0 versus 79.55, p < 0.001). Muscle stiffness emerged as a significant predictor of probable sarcopenia (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% C.I. 1.002 - 1.04, p = 0.03). The optimal ultrasound cut-offs for probable sarcopenia were 1.51 cm for muscle thickness (p= 0.017) and 73.95 for muscle stiffness (p = 0.004). DISCUSSION we described muscle ultrasound characteristics in post COVID-19 patients. Muscle ultrasound could be an innovative tool to assess muscle mass and quality in this population. Our preliminary findings need to be confirmed by future studies comparing muscle ultrasound with already validated techniques for measuring muscle mass and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Damanti
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sarah Damanti,
| | - Marta Cilla
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Tuscano
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Martinenghi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Vitali
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Hospital, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Moreno Tresoldi
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Osuka Y, Kojima N, Nishihara K, Sasai H, Wakaba K, Tanaka K, Kim H. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Supplementation May Not Enhance Additional Effects of Exercise on Muscle Quality in Older Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:543-550. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Şenışık SÇ, Akova B, Şekir U, Gür H. Effects of Muscle Architecture on Eccentric Exercise Induced Muscle Damage Responses. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:655-664. [PMID: 35321142 PMCID: PMC8488843 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to investigate the role of muscle architecture on muscle damage responses induced by exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of muscle architecture and muscle length on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage responses. Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage was performed randomly to the elbow flexor (EF), knee extensor (KE), and knee flexor (KF) muscle groups with two week intervals in 12 sedentary male subjects. Before and after each eccentric exercise (immediately after, on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days) range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity, myoglobin concentration and isometric peak torque in short and long muscle positions were evaluated. Furthermore, muscle volume and pennation angle of each muscle group was evaluated before initiating the eccentric exercise protocol. Pennation angle and muscle volume was significantly higher and the workload per unit muscle volume was significantly lower in the KE muscles compared with the KF and EF muscles (p < 0.01). EF muscles showed significantly higher pain levels at post-exercise days 1 and 3 compared with the KE (p < 0.01-0.001) and KF (p < 0.01) muscles. The deficits in range of motion were higher in the EF muscles compared to the KE and KF muscles immediately after (day 0, p < 0.01), day 1 (p < 0.05-0.01), and day 3 (p < 0.05) evaluations. The EF muscles represented significantly greater increases in CK and Mb levels at day 1, 3, and 7 than the KE muscles (p < 0.05-0.01). The CK and Mb levels were also significantly higher in the KF muscles compared with the KE muscles (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 respectively). The KF and EF muscles represented higher isometric peak torque deficits in all the post-exercise evaluations at muscle short position (p < 0.05-0.001) compared with the KE muscle after eccentric exercise. Isometric peak torque deficits in muscle lengthened position was significantly higher in EF in all the post-exercise evaluations compared with the KE muscle (p < 0.05-0.01). According to the results of this study it can be concluded that muscle structural differences may be one of the responsible factors for the different muscle damage responses following eccentric exercise in various muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bedrettin Akova
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical School of Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Şekir
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical School of Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gür
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical School of Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Age-related structural changes show that loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to muscle atrophy in old mice. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111618. [PMID: 34737004 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a consequence of both fiber atrophy and fiber death. Evidence for fiber death derives largely from an age-related reduction in fiber numbers in muscle cross-sections, however it is unclear how age-related alterations in muscle morphology affect accuracy of such counts. To explore this we performed an examination of muscle and tendon length, muscle mass and girth, and pennation angle, in addition to histological section fiber counts of parallel-fibered (sternomastoid), fusiform (biceps brachii), and pennate (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus) muscles from 31 mice aged 6-32 months. Age-related decline in mass and girth occurred in soleus (p = 0.026; p = 0.040), tibialis anterior (p = 0.004; p = 0.039), and extensor digitorum longus (p = 0.040; p = 0.022) muscles, for which location of maximal girth also changed. Tendon length and pennation angle remained consistent across the lifespan in all except soleus which showed elongation of both proximal and distal tendons coupled with alterations in pennation angle. Age-related decreases in fiber number were observed in transversely sectioned soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles however when age-related changes in morphology were accounted for via oblique sectioning the age-related decrease in fiber number was eliminated. Findings show loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to age-related muscle wasting in mice, and that age-related changes in connective tissue selectively impact muscle structure. Fiber shortening is a likely contributor to loss of mass and change in function in muscles of old mice.
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Nishihara K, Kawai H, Kera T, Hirano H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kim H, Obuchi S. Comparisons of muscle thicknesses, echo intensities, and motor functions between community-dwelling older Japanese adults with and without diabetes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104516. [PMID: 34543815 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes tend to show decreased muscle volume and motor function compared to those without diabetes. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and potentially safe method to assess muscle function in patients with diabetes; however, the characteristics of muscle thickness and quality, measured by ultrasound, in individuals with diabetes are unclear. METHODS This study included 825 community-dwelling older individuals who underwent the Otassha Study comprehensive health survey. We measured the muscle thicknesses and echo intensities of rectus femoris and vastus intermedius; motor function, assessed using knee extension strength; one-leg standing balance; normal walk; fastest walk; timed up-and-go test; and grip strength. Participants were stratified by sex and categorized into those with and without diabetes. We examined inter-group differences in measured values. RESULTS Only knee extension strength showed significantly lower values in men with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Echo intensities and motor function significantly differed between women with and without diabetes. In adjusted multiple comparisons p values, echo intensities and grip strength significantly differed only in women with diabetes, unlike men with diabetes. Echo intensity of the rectus femoris was significantly higher in women with diabetes than in those without diabetes after adjusting for confounders, but similar to that in men. CONCLUSION We observed the deterioration of knee extension strength in men and women with diabetes compared to that in those without diabetes; however, the effects on muscle quality were inconsistent between the sexes. Our study suggested recommending exercise programs, especially for older women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nishihara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8540, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kera
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | | | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhang K, Wang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Loh XJ, Chen X. Machine Learning-Reinforced Noninvasive Biosensors for Healthcare. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100734. [PMID: 34165240 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and development of noninvasive biosensors largely facilitate the collection of physiological signals and the processing of health-related data. The utilization of appropriate machine learning algorithms improves the accuracy and efficiency of biosensors. Machine learning-reinforced biosensors are started to use in clinical practice, health monitoring, and food safety, bringing a digital revolution in healthcare. Herein, the recent advances in machine learning-reinforced noninvasive biosensors applied in healthcare are summarized. First, different types of noninvasive biosensors and physiological signals collected are categorized and summarized. Then machine learning algorithms adopted in subsequent data processing are introduced and their practical applications in biosensors are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by machine learning-reinforced biosensors are raised, including data privacy and adaptive learning capability, and their prospects in real-time monitoring, out-of-clinic diagnosis, and onsite food safety detection are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
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Lopes LCC, Gonzalez MC, Avesani CM, Prado CM, Peixoto MDRG, Mota JF. Low hand grip strength is associated with worse functional capacity and higher inflammation in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Nutrition 2021; 93:111469. [PMID: 34638101 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of hand grip strength (HGS) with body composition, functional capacity, muscle quality, and inflammatory markers in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis. HGS was measured by hydraulic dynamometer on the upper limb without fistula. Participants were stratified into low or adequate HGS, based on population-specific cutoff points. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and functional capacity by the Short Physical Performance Battery and timed up-and-go tests. In addition, serum creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) were measured before the dialysis session. RESULTS A total of 67 participants (41.8% women, 58.2% male; ages 54.1 ± 11.7 y) were included. Those with low HGS had worse functional capacity than those with adequate HGS (timed up-and-go test, 10.7 ± 1.0 versus 8.5 ± 0.8 sec, respectively; P < 0.001). IL-6 and us-CRP were higher in those with low HGS than their counterparts (IL-6: 2.7 ± 0.3 versus 1.9 pg/mL, P = 0.03; us-CRP: 14.8 ± 3.0 versus 4.7 ± 1.9 mg/L, P = 0.03). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that appendicular lean mass, us-CRP, age, sex, and seven-point subjective global assessment score were associated with HGS. CONCLUSIONS Participants with low HGS showed higher inflammation and lower functional capacity. In addition to muscle mass, inflammation and nutritional status also affect HGS.<END ABSTRACT>.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Avesani
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla M Prado
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - João Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil.
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Abdalla LHP, Broxterman RM, Barstow TJ, Greco CC, Denadai BS. W' reconstitution rate at different intensities above critical torque: the role of muscle size and maximal strength. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1909-1921. [PMID: 34288192 DOI: 10.1113/ep089638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do muscle size, maximal force and exercise intensity influence the recovery time constant for the finite impulse above critical torque (τIET' )? What is the main finding and its importance? Muscle size and maximal strength have different influences on the parameters of the hyperbolic torque-time to task failure relationship. Greater muscle size and maximal strength, as well as exercise at an intensity of 60% MVC, prolong τIET' during intermittent isometric exercise. ABSTRACT Muscle perfusion and O2 delivery limitations through muscle force generation appear to play a major role in defining the hyperbolic torque-time to task failure (Tlim ) relationship. Therefore, we aimed to determine the influence of muscle size and maximal strength on the recovery time constant for the finite impulse above critical torque (τIET' ). Ten men participated in the study and performed intermittent isometric tests until task-failure (Tlim ) for the knee-extensors (KE) (35% and 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and plantar flexors (PF) (60% MVC). The τIET' was determined for each of these Tlim tests using the IET'BAL model. The IET' (9738 ± 3080 vs. 2959 ± 1289 N m s) and end-test torque (ET)(84.5 ± 7.1 vs. 74.3 ± 12.7 N m) were significantly lower for PF compared to KE (P < 0.05). Exercise tolerance (Tlim ) was significantly longer for PF (239 ± 81 s) than KE (150 ± 55 s) at 60% MVC, and significantly longer for KE at 35% MVC (641 ± 158 s) than 60% MVC. The τIET' was significantly faster at 35% MVC (641 ± 177 s) than 60% MVC (1840 ± 354 s) for KE, both of which were significantly slower than PF at 60% MVC (317 ± 102 s). This study showed that τIET' during intermittent isometric exercise is slower with greater muscle size and maximal strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Michael Broxterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Jones EJ, Piasecki J, Ireland A, Stashuk DW, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, McPhee JS, Piasecki M. Lifelong exercise is associated with more homogeneous motor unit potential features across deep and superficial areas of vastus lateralis. GeroScience 2021; 43:1555-1565. [PMID: 33763775 PMCID: PMC8492837 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor unit (MU) expansion enables rescue of denervated muscle fibres helping to ameliorate age-related muscle atrophy, with evidence to suggest master athletes are more successful at this remodelling. Electrophysiological data has suggested MUs located superficially are larger than those located deeper within young muscle. However, the effects of ageing and exercise on MU heterogeneity across deep and superficial aspects of vastus lateralis (VL) remain unclear. Intramuscular electromyography was used to record individual MU potentials (MUPs) and near fibre MUPs (NFMs) from deep and superficial regions of the VL during 25% maximum voluntary contractions, in 83 males (15 young (Y), 17 young athletes (YA), 22 old (O) and 29 master athletes (MA)). MUP size and complexity were assessed using area and number of turns, respectively. Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models were performed to investigate the effects of depth in each group. MUP area was greater in deep compared with superficial MUs in Y (p<0.001) and O (p=0.012) but not in YA (p=0.071) or MA (p=0.653). MUP amplitude and NF MUP area were greater, and MUPs were more complex in deep MUPs from Y, YA and O (all p<0.05) but did not differ across depth in MA (all p>0.07). These data suggest MU characteristics differ according to depth within the VL which may be influenced by both ageing and exercise. A more homogenous distribution of MUP size and complexity across muscle depths in older athletes may be a result of a greater degree of age-related MU adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Jones
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Piasecki
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex Ireland
- Department of Life Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel W Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Song JS, Abe T, Bell ZW, Wong V, Spitz RW, Yamada Y, Loenneke JP. The Relationship Between Muscle Size and Strength Does not Depend on Echo Intensity in Healthy Young Adults. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:406-413. [PMID: 33020041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle quality is typically defined as muscle strength relative to muscle size. Echo intensity has gained popularity as an index of skeletal muscle quality. There is common agreement that muscle size is related to strength at baseline and echo intensity is purported to impact this relationship. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether echo intensity can be used as a physiological marker for muscle quality by investigating the moderating effect of echo intensity on the relationship between muscle size and strength. A sample of 96 participants was used for the upper body analysis and a separate sample of 96 participants was used for the lower body analysis. Echo intensity, muscle thickness, and strength measurements were measured on each limb. For strength, participants performed unilateral elbow flexion (upper body analysis) and knee extension (lower body analysis) to quantify 1-repetition maximum. Muscle thickness and echo intensity were determined from images captured using B-mode ultrasound. Muscle size correlated with muscle strength for all limbs. However, the relationship between muscle size and strength was not significantly moderated by echo intensity for Arm 1 (b = 0.042, p = 0.54) or Arm 2 (b = -0.002, p = 0.97). At the proximal site, no significant moderating effect of echo intensity was found in Leg 1 (b = 0.037, p = 0.67) or Leg 2 (b = -0.085, p = 0.29). Similarly, no significant moderating effect was observed at the distal site for Leg 1 (b = 0.03, p = 0.69) or Leg 2 (b = -0.026, p = 0.75). The results would indicate that the relationship between muscle size and strength does not depend on echo intensity. Therefore, the use of echo intensity as an index of muscle quality in healthy young adults may need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seob Song
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zachary W Bell
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Vickie Wong
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Spitz
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Yujiro Yamada
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Cho H, Gu MS, Won CW, Kong HH. Impact of premature natural menopause on body composition and physical function in elderly women: A Korean frailty and aging cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26353. [PMID: 34160403 PMCID: PMC8238278 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced premature menopause accelerates the rate of body composition changes (decrease in skeletal muscle mass and increase in fat mass) and deteriorating physical function. However, few studies have focused on the impact of premature natural menopause. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age at natural menopause (ANM) on body composition and physical function in elderly women.Using data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, 765 community-dwelling elderly women aged 70 to 85 years who experienced natural menopause were recruited in this study. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function was evaluated by grip strength, the timed up and go test (TUG), and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their ANM: <40 (premature natural menopause, PNM), 40 to 44 (early natural menopause, ENM), 45 to 54 (normal menopause, NM), and ≥55 (late menopause, LM) years.There were no significant differences in the body composition parameters, such as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (PNM: 5.90 ± 0.90 vs ENM: 5.91 ± 0.70 vs NM: 5.85 ± 0.73 vs LM: 5.90 ± 0.75, kg/m2, P = .75) and trunk fat mass index (PNM: 19.4 ± 3.9 vs ENM: 19.9 ± 4.4 vs NM: 19.9 ± 3.9 vs LM: 20.0 ± 3.8, %, P = .87) between the groups. In the physical function evaluation, there was no significant difference between the groups in grip strength (PNM: 19.8 ± 0.6 vs ENM: 20.3 ± 0.4 vs NM: 20.6 ± 0.2 vs LM: 20.6 ± 0.4, kg, P = .53). However, in the TUG (PNM: 11.8 ± 0.4 vs ENM: 10.3 ± 0.3 vs NM: 10.6 ± 0.1 vs LM: 10.2 ± 0.3, seconds, P < .01) and SPPB (PNM: 10.0 ± 0.2 vs ENM: 10.5 ± 0.2 vs NM: 10.6 ± 0.1 vs LM: 10.8 ± 0.2, points, P < .05), the PNM group showed significantly lower values than the other groups did. There was no difference in physical function between the groups except the PNM.Premature natural menopause did not affect the body composition in elderly women but was associated with physical function deterioration. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the physical function deterioration caused by premature natural menopause in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
| | - Min Su Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
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Kargaran A, Abedinpour A, Saadatmehr Z, Yaali R, Amani-Shalamzari S, Gahreman D. Effects of dual-task training with blood flow restriction on cognitive functions, muscle quality, and circulatory biomarkers in elderly women. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113500. [PMID: 34174326 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an eight-week dual-task training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle quality (MQ) biomarkers, physical and cognitive functions in older women. Twenty-four healthy volunteers (62.9 ± 3.1years) were randomly assigned into either dual-task (DT), DT with blood flow restriction (DTBFR), or control (C) group. The experimental groups performed cognitive tasks while walked on a treadmill at 45% of heart rate reserve (HRR), 20 min per session, three sessions per week for eight weeks. The cuff pressure for the DTBFR group was 50% of the calculated arterial blood occlusion and was increased by 10% every 2 weeks. Pre and post-training intervention, biomarkers of MQ and cognitive functions, body composition, maximal strength, and psychological status were measured. There was a significant interaction effect on BDNF, CAF, P3NP, body mass, BMI, fat percentage, visceral fat mass, and total fat mass (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction effect on knee extension, 30-s stand-up test, 6-min walk test, timed up&go test, and QOL was observed. There was a significant effect of time on MMSE, sleep quality, and mood score. These findings suggested that including BFR to DT training result in greater physiological and psychological responses and should be considered a training method to combat undesired changes associated with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kargaran
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedinpour
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saadatmehr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Department of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- Charles Darwin University, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Territory, Australia.
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Harmon KK, Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Pabian PS, Rawson ES, Stock MS. The Application of Creatine Supplementation in Medical Rehabilitation. Nutrients 2021; 13:1825. [PMID: 34071875 PMCID: PMC8230227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous health conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems can result in physical dysfunction, impaired performance, muscle weakness, and disuse-induced atrophy. Due to its well-documented anabolic potential, creatine monohydrate has been investigated as a supplemental agent to mitigate the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of acute and chronic conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on rehabilitation from immobilization and injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and other muscular disorders. Several of the findings are encouraging, showcasing creatine's potential efficacy as a supplemental agent via preservation of muscle mass, strength, and physical function; however, the results are not consistent. For multiple diseases, only a few creatine studies with small sample sizes have been published, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Rationale for discordant findings is further complicated by differences in disease pathologies, intervention protocols, creatine dosing and duration, and patient population. While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie K. Harmon
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (J.R.S.); (D.H.F.)
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (J.R.S.); (D.H.F.)
| | - Patrick S. Pabian
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Matt S. Stock
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
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Kołodziej M, Ignasiak Z, Ignasiak T. Annual changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass and quality in adults over 50 y of age, assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Nutrition 2021; 90:111342. [PMID: 34166898 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is essential to monitor changes in skeletal muscles to control healthy aging. The aim of this study was to assess changes in muscle mass, strength, and functional quality taking place in the course of aging and to analyze their correlations with recorded changes in impedance. METHODS The study, carried out in two stages at a 1-y interval, covered 313 subjectively healthy adults ages 50 to 83 y. Hand grip strength and knee extensor strength were measured. Impedance parameters were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and body composition components, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass, were estimated. The rates of annual changes in the analyzed parameters and their correlations with changes in impedance were calculated. RESULTS The annual losses in muscle strength and functional quality were found to be considerably larger than the losses in appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Larger decreases in leg muscle strength were recorded in women than in men. The decline in reactance and phase angle were positively correlated with the decrease in the indices evaluating muscle condition. CONCLUSIONS Muscle mass deficits are not the main cause of the decline in muscle functional quality in older adults. Changes in muscle condition impairing muscle functions can be identified by changes in impedance components. An analysis of changes in phase angle and reactance would facilitate the assessment of muscle quality in geriatric prophylaxis and in screening, but it is necessary to establish normalized reference values for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kołodziej
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zofia Ignasiak
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ignasiak
- The Karkonosze State University of Applied Sciences, Jelenia Góra, Poland
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Fernandes JFT, Dingley AF, Garcia-Ramos A, Perez-Castilla A, Tufano JJ, Twist C. Prediction of One Repetition Maximum Using Reference Minimum Velocity Threshold Values in Young and Middle-Aged Resistance-Trained Males. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11050071. [PMID: 34067058 PMCID: PMC8151422 DOI: 10.3390/bs11050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study determined the accuracy of different velocity-based methods when predicting one-repetition maximum (1RM) in young and middle-aged resistance-trained males. Methods: Two days after maximal strength testing, 20 young (age 21.0 ± 1.6 years) and 20 middle-aged (age 42.6 ± 6.7 years) resistance-trained males completed three repetitions of bench press, back squat, and bent-over-row at loads corresponding to 20–80% 1RM. Using reference minimum velocity threshold (MVT) values, the 1RM was estimated from the load-velocity relationships through multiple (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM), two-point (20 and 80% 1RM), high-load (60 and 80% 1RM) and low-load (20 and 40% 1RM) methods for each group. Results: Despite most prediction methods demonstrating acceptable correlations (r = 0.55 to 0.96), the absolute errors for young and middle-aged groups were generally moderate to high for bench press (absolute errors = 8.2 to 14.2% and 8.6 to 20.4%, respectively) and bent-over-row (absolute error = 14.9 to 19.9% and 8.6 to 18.2%, respectively). For squats, the absolute errors were lower in the young group (5.7 to 13.4%) than the middle-aged group (13.2 to 17.0%) but still unacceptable. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reference MVTs cannot accurately predict the 1RM in these populations. Therefore, practitioners need to directly assess 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. T. Fernandes
- Higher Education Sport, Hartpury University, Hartpury GL19 3BE, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1452-702-269
| | | | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-R.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Perez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-R.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - James J. Tufano
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Craig Twist
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
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The emerging role of the sympathetic nervous system in skeletal muscle motor innervation and sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101305. [PMID: 33610815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Examining neural etiologic factors'role in the decline of neuromuscular function with aging is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia, the age-dependent decline in muscle mass, force and power. Innervation of the skeletal muscle by both motor and sympathetic axons has been established, igniting interest in determining how the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) affect skeletal muscle composition and function throughout the lifetime. Selective expression of the heart and neural crest derivative 2 gene in peripheral SNs increases muscle mass and force regulating skeletal muscle sympathetic and motor innervation; improving acetylcholine receptor stability and NMJ transmission; preventing inflammation and myofibrillar protein degradation; increasing autophagy; and probably enhancing protein synthesis. Elucidating the role of central SNs will help to define the coordinated response of the visceral and neuromuscular system to physiological and pathological challenges across ages. This review discusses the following questions: (1) Does the SNS regulate skeletal muscle motor innervation? (2) Does the SNS regulate presynaptic and postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure and function? (3) Does sympathetic neuron (SN) regulation of NMJ transmission decline with aging? (4) Does maintenance of SNs attenuate aging sarcopenia? and (5) Do central SN group relays influence sympathetic and motor muscle innervation?
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