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Ljungberg Silic L, Persson C, Pesonen M, Suuronen K, Svedman C, Bergendorff O. 2-Cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate, a new contact allergen found in accelerator-free nitrile gloves. Contact Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38602297 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from rubber glove usage is usually caused by rubber additives such as the accelerators. However, in analyses of the suspected gloves, ordinary rubber allergens are not always found. Accelerator-free rubber gloves are available, but some patients with accelerator allergy do not tolerate them and might also be patch test positive to them. OBJECTIVES To identify and chemically characterize a new allergen, 2-cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate (CEDMC), in rubber gloves. We describe two patient cases: patient 1 that led us to the identification of CEDMC and patient 2 with occupational ACD caused by CEDMC. METHODS The patients were examined with patch testing including baseline and rubber series, and their own rubber gloves. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for chemical analysis of rubber gloves. The allergen was synthesized and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry, and tested on patient 2. RESULTS CEDMC was identified by HPLC in a nitrile glove associated with hand eczema in patient 1. Patient 2 whose nitrile gloves contained CEDMC was patch test positive to CEDMC. CONCLUSIONS CEDMC is a new contact allergen in nitrile gloves and probably forms during vulcanization from residual monomer acrylonitrile and rubber additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ljungberg Silic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christina Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Pesonen
- Occupational Health Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Suuronen
- Occupational Health Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Paulin TK, Malmgren L, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Osteosarcopenia: Prevalence and 10-Year Fracture and Mortality Risk - A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study of 75-Year-Old Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:315-325. [PMID: 38300303 PMCID: PMC10957698 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is the coexistence of low bone mass and sarcopenia. In older women, its prevalence is not well described, and it is unknown if sarcopenia is additive to low bone mass for fracture and mortality risk. The study investigated prevalence of osteosarcopenia and if osteosarcopenia is associated with higher fracture and mortality risk than low bone mass alone in older community-dwelling women. The longitudinal, population-based OPRA Cohort (n = 1044), all aged 75 at inclusion, followed for 10 years. Using WHO and EWGSOP2 definitions for low bone mass (T-score < -1.0 femoral neck) and sarcopenia (knee strength; appendicular lean muscle mass) women were categorized (1) Normal, (2) Low bone mass (LBM), and 3) Osteosarcopenia (probable; confirmed). Risk of hip, major osteoporotic fracture, and mortality were estimated. Osteosarcopeniaconfirmed prevalence increased from age 75 to 80 and 85 from 3.0% (29/970) to 4.9% (32/656) to 9.2% (33/358) but prevalence is potentially 2-4 times higher (11.8%, 13.4%, 20.3%) based on osteosarcopeniaprobable. Having osteosarcopeniaprobable significantly increased 10-year risk of hip fracture (HRadj 2.67 [1.34-5.32]), major osteoporotic fracture (HRadj 2.04 [1.27-3.27]), and mortality (HRadj 1.91 [1.21-3.04]). In contrast, LBM increased osteoporotic fracture risk (HRadj 2.08 [1.46-2.97], but not hip fracture (HRadj 1.62 [0.92-2.85]) or mortality (HRadj 0.94 [0.64-1.38]). Median time-to-hip fracture was 7.6 years (normal), 6.0 years (LBM), and 5.7 years (osteosarcopeniaprobable). Prevalence of confirmed osteosarcopenia is almost 10% at age 85. Probable osteosarcopenia significantly increased risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures and mortality more so than low bone mass alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Kolenda Paulin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Linnea Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Bergwik J, Liu J, Padra M, Bhongir RKV, Tanner L, Xiang Y, Lundblad M, Egesten A, Adner M. A novel quinoline with airway relaxant effects and anti-inflammatory properties. Respir Res 2024; 25:146. [PMID: 38555460 PMCID: PMC10981829 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic pulmonary diseases characterized by inflammation and airway obstruction, such as asthma and COPD, there are unmet needs for improved treatment. Quinolines is a group of small heterocyclic compounds that have a broad range of pharmacological properties. Here, we investigated the airway relaxant and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel quinoline (RCD405). METHODS The airway relaxant effect of RCD405 was examined in isolated airways from humans, dogs, rats and mice. Murine models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and LPS-induced airway inflammation were used to study the effects in vivo. RCD405 (10 mg/kg) or, for comparisons in selected studies, budesonide (3 mg/kg), were administered intratracheally 1 h prior to each challenge. Airway responsiveness was determined using methacholine provocation. Immune cell recruitment to bronchi was measured using flow cytometry and histological analyses were applied to investigate cell influx and goblet cell hyperplasia of the airways. Furthermore, production of cytokines and chemokines was measured using a multiplex immunoassay. The expression levels of asthma-related genes in murine lung tissue were determined by PCR. The involvement of NF-κB and metabolic activity was measured in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. RESULTS RCD405 demonstrated a relaxant effect on carbachol precontracted airways in all four species investigated (potency ranking: human = rat > dog = mouse). The OVA-specific IgE and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were significantly reduced by intratracheal treatment with RCD405, while no significant changes were observed for budesonide. In addition, administration of RCD405 to mice significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as recruitment of immune cells to the lungs in both OVA- and LPS-induced airway inflammation, with a similar effect as for budesonide (in the OVA-model). However, the effect on gene expression of Il-4, IL-5 and Il-13 was more pronounced for RCD405 as compared to budesonide. Finally, in vitro, RCD405 reduced the LPS-induced NF-κB activation and by itself reduced cellular metabolism. CONCLUSIONS RCD405 has airway relaxant effects, and it reduces AHR as well as airway inflammation in the models used, suggesting that it could be a clinically relevant compound to treat inflammatory airway diseases. Possible targets of this compound are complexes of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased metabolic activity of targeted cells as well as through pathways associated to NF-κB. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jielu Liu
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yujiao Xiang
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arne Egesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wallblom K, Lundgren S, Saleh K, Schmidtchen A, Puthia M. Image-based non-invasive assessment of suction blister wounds for clinical safety and efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 38511666 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Recognising the need for objective imaging-based technologies to assess wound healing in clinical studies, the suction blister wound model offers an easily accessible wound model that creates reproducible epidermal wounds that heal without scarring. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for implementing and evaluating photography-based imaging techniques utilising the suction blister wound model. Our method encompasses a protocol for capturing consistent, high-quality photographs and procedures for quantifying these images via a visual wound healing score and a computer-assisted colour analysis of wound exudation and wound redness. We employed this methodology on 16 suction blister wounds used as controls in a clinical phase-1 trial. Our method enabled us to discern and quantify subtle differences between individual wounds concerning healing progress, erythema and wound exudation. The wound healing score exhibited a high inter-rater agreement. There was a robust correlation between the spectrophotometer-measured erythema index and photography-based wound redness, as well as between dressing protein content and photography-based dressing yellowness. In conclusion, this study equips researchers conducting clinical wound studies with reproducible methods that may support future wound research and aid in the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wallblom
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Lundgren
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim Saleh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Kiadaliri A, Dell'Isola A, Englund M. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases and the risk of drug use disorders: a register-based cohort study in Sweden. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:81-85. [PMID: 37639149 PMCID: PMC10774176 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association between chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) and drug use disorder (DUD). Individuals aged ≥ 30 years in 2009 that met the following conditions were included: residing in the Skåne region, Sweden, with at least one healthcare contact in person and no history of DUD (ICD-10 codes F11-F16, F18-F19) during 1998-2009 (N = 649,891). CIRD was defined as the presence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or systemic lupus erythematosus. Treating CIRD as a time-varying exposure, we followed people from January 1, 2010 until a diagnosis of DUD, death, relocation outside the region, or December 31, 2019, whichever occurred first. We used flexible parametric survival models adjusted for attained age, sociodemographic characteristics, and coexisting conditions for data analysis. There were 64 (95% CI 62-66) and 104 (88-123) incident DUD per 100,000 person-years among those without and with CIRD, respectively. CIRD was associated with an increased risk of DUD in age-adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.49-2.09). Almost identical HR (1.71, 95% CI 1.45-2.03) was estimated after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, and it slightly attenuated when coexisting conditions were additionally accounted for (1.47, 95% CI 1.24-1.74). Fully adjusted HRs were 1.49 (1.21-1.85) for RA, 2.00 (1.38-2.90) for AS, and 1.58 (1.16-2.16) for PsA. More stringent definitions of CIRD didn't alter our findings. CIRD was associated with an increased risk of DUD independent of sociodemographic factors and coexisting conditions. Key Points • A register-based cohort study including 649,891 individuals aged≥30 residing in the Skåne region, Sweden, was conducted. • Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases were associated with higher risks of drug use disorder independent of sociodemographic factors and coexisting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiadaliri
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Remissgatan 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Dell'Isola
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Puthia M, Petrlova J, Petruk G, Butrym M, Samsudin F, Andersson MÅ, Strömdahl AC, Wasserstrom S, Hartman E, Kjellström S, Caselli L, Klementieva O, Bond PJ, Malmsten M, Raina DB, Schmidtchen A. Bioactive Suture with Added Innate Defense Functionality for the Reduction of Bacterial Infection and Inflammation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300987. [PMID: 37689972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSI) are a clinical and economic burden. Suture-associated SSI may develop when bacteria colonize the suture surface and form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP)-25 is a host defense peptide with a unique dual mode of action that can target both bacteria and the excessive inflammation induced by bacterial products. The peptide demonstrates therapeutic potential in preclinical in vivo wound infection models. In this study, the authors set out to explore whether TCP-25 can provide a new bioactive innate immune feature to hydrophilic polyglactin sutures (Vicryl). Using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, antibacterial, biofilm, and anti-inflammatory assays in vitro, in silico molecular modeling studies, along with experimental infection and inflammation models in mice, a proof-of-concept that TCP-25 can provide Vicryl sutures with a previously undisclosed host defense capacity, that enables targeting of bacteria, biofilms, and the accompanying inflammatory response, is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Puthia
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Marta Butrym
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Firdaus Samsudin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Madelene Å Andersson
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Strömdahl
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Hartman
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
| | | | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspectroscopy Lab, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 84, Sweden
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Lund, S-221 00, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 84, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-22184, Sweden
- Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, SE-22185, Sweden
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7
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Popa I, Touboul D, Andersson T, Fuentes-Lemus E, Santerre C, Davies MJ, Lood R. Oxygen Exposure and Tolerance Shapes the Cell Wall-Associated Lipids of the Skin Commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2260. [PMID: 37764104 PMCID: PMC10534455 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most abundant bacteria on the skin. Being exposed to oxygen and oxic stress, the secretion of the bacterial antioxidant protein RoxP ensures an endogenous antioxidant system for the preservation of skin health. To investigate the impact of the antioxidant RoxP on oxidation of the bacteria, wildtype and an isogenic roxp mutant were cultured in anaerobic and oxic conditions. The carbonylated status of proteins were recorded, as were the most significant modifications in a relative intensity of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipids containing fatty acids (FA), such as di- (DG) and triglycerides (TG), di- (DGDG) and sulfoquinozyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and ceramides. Concerning the fatty acid types, it was observed that the free fatty acids contained mainly C12:0-C26:0 in hydroxy and acylated forms, the DG contained mainly C29:0-C37:0, the TG contained mainly C19:0-C33:0, and the DGDG/SQDGs contained very long fatty acids (C29:0-C37:0) demonstrating the interdependence of de novo synthesis of lipids and RoxP. The area of DGDG peaks (924.52, 929.56 and 930.58) were affected by bacterial growth conditions, with the exception of m/z 910.61. Moreover, the FFA unsaturation is wider in the SQDG species (C30:0 to C36:6) than in DG, TG or free FFA species. It could be concluded that both environmental oxidative statuses, as well as the prevalence of bacterial antioxidant systems, significantly shape the lipidome of C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Popa
- Analytic and Biological Lipid Systems (Lip(Sys)2), Pharmacy Department, University Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David Touboul
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, University Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, University Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tilde Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Cyrille Santerre
- Institut Supérieur International de la Parfumerie, de la Cosmétique et de l’Arôme Alimentaire (ISIPCA), 34-36 rue du Parc de Clagny, 78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
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Tijani MK, Danielsson L, Storry JR, Olsson ML, Persson KEM. Babesia divergens Shows Equal Predilection for Human ABO Blood Types in an In Vitro Erythrocyte Preference Assay. Pathogens 2023; 12:803. [PMID: 37375493 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Babesia is spread to humans via ticks or blood transfusions. Severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is strongly correlated to the ABO blood group of the patient. Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic parasite with many similarities to malaria, but the impact of ABO on the susceptibility to and progression of the infection in humans is unknown. We have now cultured B. divergens in human group A, B and O erythrocytes in vitro and measured rates of multiplication. The predilection for the different erythrocyte types was also determined using an in vitro erythrocyte preference assay when the parasites were grown in group A, B or O erythrocytes over time and then offered to invade differently stained erythrocytes of all the blood types at the same time. The results showed no difference in multiplication rates for the different blood types, and the parasite exhibited no obvious morphological differences in the different blood types. When cultured first in one blood type and then offered to grow in the others, the preference assay showed that there was no difference between the A, B or O blood groups. In conclusion, this indicates that individuals of the different ABO blood types are likely to be equally susceptible to B. divergens infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyideen K Tijani
- Cellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Danielsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina E M Persson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, 22185 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Alattar AG, Kristiansson A, Karlsson H, Vallius S, Ahlstedt J, Forssell-Aronsson E, Åkerström B, Strand SE, Flygare J, Gram M. Recombinant α 1-Microglobulin (rA1M) Protects against Hematopoietic and Renal Toxicity, Alone and in Combination with Amino Acids, in a 177Lu-DOTATATE Mouse Radiation Model. Biomolecules 2023; 13:928. [PMID: 37371508 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is used clinically to treat metastasized or unresectable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although 177Lu-DOTATATE is mostly well tolerated in patients, bone marrow suppression and long-term renal toxicity are still side effects that should be considered. Amino acids are often used to minimize renal radiotoxicity, however, they are associated with nausea and vomiting in patients. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant with heme- and radical-scavenging abilities. A recombinant form (rA1M) has previously been shown to be renoprotective in preclinical models, including in PRRT-induced kidney damage. Here, we further investigated rA1M's renal protective effect in a mouse 177Lu-DOTATATE model in terms of administration route and dosing regimen and as a combined therapy with amino acids (Vamin). Moreover, we investigated the protective effect of rA1M on peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, as well as circulatory biomarkers. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of rA1M reduced albuminuria levels and circulatory levels of the oxidative stress-related protein fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21). Dual injections of rA1M (i.e., at 0 and 24 h post-177Lu-DOTATATE administration) preserved bone marrow cellularity and peripheral blood reticulocytes. Administration of Vamin, alone or in combination with rA1M, did not show any protection of bone marrow cellularity or peripheral reticulocytes. In conclusion, this study suggests that rA1M, administered i.v. for two consecutive days in conjunction with 177Lu-DOTATATE, may reduce hematopoietic and kidney toxicity during PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghani Alattar
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlsson
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Vallius
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, CIPA, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Dahlberg J, Linder A, Mellhammar L. Use of healthcare before and after sepsis in Sweden: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065967. [PMID: 36806063 PMCID: PMC9944643 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare readmissions and death between sepsis and non-sepsis hospitalisations the first year after discharge, and to investigate what diagnoses patients with sepsis present with at readmission. The aim was also to evaluate to what degree patients hospitalised for sepsis seek medical attention prior to hospitalisation. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study with data validated through clinical chart review. A disproportionate stratified sampling model was used to include a relatively larger number of sepsis hospitalisations. SETTING All eight public hospitals in region Scania, Sweden (1 January to 3 December 2019). PARTICIPANTS There were 447 patients hospitalised for sepsis (cases), and 541 hospitalised for other causes (control) identified through clinical chart review. OUTCOME MEASURES Cox regression was used to analyse readmission and death the year after discharge, and logistic regression was used to analyse healthcare the week prior to hospitalisation. Both analyses were made unadjusted, and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. RESULTS Out of patients who survived a sepsis hospitalisation, 48% were readmitted the year after discharge, compared with 39% for patients without sepsis (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.19), p=0.04. The majority (52%) of readmissions occurred within 90 days and 75% within 180 days. The readmissions were most often caused by infection (32%), and 18% by cardiovascular disease. Finally, 34% of patients with sepsis had sought prehospital contact with a physician the week before hospitalisation, compared with 22% for patients without sepsis (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.04), p=0.03. CONCLUSION Patients hospitalised for sepsis had a higher risk of readmission the year after discharge compared with patients without sepsis. The most common diagnoses at readmission were infection followed by cardiovascular disease. With better follow-up, some of these readmissions could potentially be prevented. Patients hospitalised for sepsis had sought prehospital contact the week prior to hospitalisation to a greater extent than patients without sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Dahlberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adam Linder
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellhammar
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Railo H, Varjonen A, Lehtonen M, Sikka P. Event-Related Potential Correlates of Learning to Produce Novel Foreign Phonemes. Neurobiol Lang (Camb) 2022; 3:599-614. [PMID: 37215343 PMCID: PMC10158638 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Learning to pronounce a foreign phoneme requires an individual to acquire a motor program that enables the reproduction of the new acoustic target sound. This process is largely based on the use of auditory feedback to detect pronunciation errors to adjust vocalization. While early auditory evoked neural activity underlies automatic detection and adaptation to vocalization errors, little is known about the neural correlates of acquiring novel speech targets. To investigate the neural processes that mediate the learning of foreign phoneme pronunciation, we recorded event-related potentials when participants (N = 19) pronounced native or foreign phonemes. Behavioral results indicated that the participants' pronunciation of the foreign phoneme improved during the experiment. Early auditory responses (N1 and P2 waves, approximately 85-290 ms after the sound onset) revealed no differences between foreign and native phonemes. In contrast, the amplitude of the frontocentrally distributed late slow wave (LSW, 320-440 ms) was modulated by the pronunciation of the foreign phonemes, and the effect changed during the experiment, paralleling the improvement in pronunciation. These results suggest that the LSW may reflect higher-order monitoring processes that signal successful pronunciation and help learn novel phonemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Railo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Varjonen
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lehtonen
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Center for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pilleriin Sikka
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Ivaska KK, McGuigan FE, Malmgren L, Gerdhem P, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Akesson KE. Bone Turnover Marker Profiling and Fracture Risk in Older Women: Fracture Risk from Age 75 to 90. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:288-299. [PMID: 35750934 PMCID: PMC9395308 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A major challenge in osteoporosis is to identify individuals at high fracture risk. We investigated six bone turnover markers (BTMs) to determine association with specific fracture types; the time-frame for risk prediction and whether these are influenced by age at assessment. METHODS Population-based OPRA cohort (n = 1044) was assessed at ages 75, 80, 85 and fractures documented for up to 15 years. Six BTMs were analyzed at each time-point (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, PINP; total osteocalcin, OC; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BALP; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTX; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, TRAcP5b; urinary osteocalcin). Hazard ratios (HR) for any, major osteoporotic, vertebral and hip fractures were calculated as short (1, 2, 3 years) and long-term risk (5, 10, 15 years). RESULTS At 75 year, high CTX levels were associated with an increased risk of all fractures, including major osteoporotic fractures, across most time-frames (HRs ranging: 1.28 to 2.28). PINP was not consistently associated. Urinary osteocalcin was consistently associated with elevated short-term risk (HRs ranging: 1.83-2.72). Other BTMs were directionally in accordance, though not all statistically significant. BTMs were not predictive for hip fractures. Association of all BTMs attenuated over time; at 80 year none were associated with an increased fracture risk. CONCLUSION CTX, urinary OC and TRAcP5b are predictive for fracture in a 1 to 3 year, perspective, whereas in the long-term or above age 80 years, BTMs appear less valuable. Resorption markers, particularly CTX, were more consistently associated with fracture risk than formation markers in the very elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linnea Malmgren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Johansson
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopedics Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, S-21428, Malmö, Sweden.
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Walles J, Otero LG, Tesfaye F, Abera A, Jansson M, Balcha TT, Sturegård E, Winqvist N, Hansson SR, Björkman P. Tuberculosis infection and stillbirth in Ethiopia—A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261972. [PMID: 35404930 PMCID: PMC9000061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is among the leading causes of death among infectious diseases. Regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as sub-Saharan Africa, are disproportionately burdened by stillbirth and other pregnancy complications. Active tuberculosis increases the risk of pregnancy complications, but the association between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and pregnancy outcomes is unknown. We explored the effect of latent tuberculosis infection on the risk of stillbirth in women attending antenatal care clinics in Ethiopia, a country with >170 000 annual cases of active tuberculosis. Method Pregnant women were enrolled from antenatal care at three health facilities in Adama, Ethiopia, during 2015–2018, with assessment for previous and current active tuberculosis and testing for LTBI using QuantiFERON-TB-GOLD-PLUS. Proportions of stillbirth (≥ 20 weeks of gestation) and neonatal death (< 29 days of birth) were compared with respect to categories of maternal tuberculosis infection (tuberculosis-uninfected, LTBI, previous-, and current active tuberculosis). Multivariable logistic regression was performed for stillbirth. Results Among 1463 participants enrolled, the median age was 25 years, 10.2% were HIV-positive, 34.6% were primigravidae, and the median gestational age at inclusion was 18 weeks. Four (0.3%) were diagnosed with active tuberculosis during pregnancy, 68 (4.6%) reported previous treatment for active tuberculosis, 470 (32.1%) had LTBI, and 921 (63.0%) were tuberculosis-uninfected. Stillbirth was more frequent in participants with LTBI compared to tuberculosis-uninfected participants, although not reaching statistical significance (19/470, 4.0% vs 25/921, 2.7%, adjusted [for age, gravidity and HIV serostatus] odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.73–2.57, p = 0.30). Rates of neonatal death (5/470, 1.1% vs 10/921, 1.1%) were similar between these categories. Conclusion Latent tuberculosis infection was not significantly associated with stillbirth or neonatal death in this cohort. Studies based on larger cohorts and with details on causes of stillbirth, as well as other pregnancy outcomes, are needed to further investigate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Walles
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura García Otero
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fregenet Tesfaye
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Abera
- Ethiopia Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Taye Tolera Balcha
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Erik Sturegård
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niclas Winqvist
- Skåne Regional Office for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Björkman
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Rosengren BE, Lindgren E, Jehpsson L, Dencker M, Karlsson MK. Musculoskeletal Benefits from a Physical Activity Program in Primary School are Retained 4 Years after the Program is Terminated. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:405-414. [PMID: 33914096 PMCID: PMC8429376 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Daily school physical activity (PA) improves musculoskeletal traits. This study evaluates whether the benefits remain 4 years after the intervention. We followed 45 boys and 36 girls who had had 40 min PA/school day during the nine compulsory school years and 21 boys and 22 girls who had had 60 min PA/school week (reference), with measurements at baseline and 4 years after the program terminated. Bone mineral content (BMC; g) and bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and knee flexion peak torque relative to total body weight (PTflexTBW) at a speed of 180 degrees/second with a computerized dynamometer. Group differences are presented as mean differences (adjusted for sex and duration of follow-up period) with 95% confidence intervals. The total gain bone mass [mean difference in spine BMC +32.0 g (14.6, 49.4) and in arms BMD of +0.06 g/cm2 (0.02, 0.09)] and gain in muscle strength [mean difference in PTflex180TBW +12.1 (2.0, 22.2)] were greater in the intervention than in the control group. There are still 4 years after the intervention indications of benefits in both bone mass and muscle strength gain. Daily school PA may counteract low bone mass and inferior muscle strength in adult life. ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT000633828 retrospectively registered 2008-11-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Rosengren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Skane University Hospital (SUS), 20502, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindgren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Skane University Hospital (SUS), 20502, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Lars Jehpsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Skane University Hospital (SUS), 20502, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Skane University Hospital (SUS), 20502, Malmo, Sweden.
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van der Plas MJA, Cai J, Petrlova J, Saleh K, Kjellström S, Schmidtchen A. Method development and characterisation of the low-molecular-weight peptidome of human wound fluids. eLife 2021; 10:e66876. [PMID: 34227939 PMCID: PMC8260221 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal wound healing process is characterised by proteolytic events, whereas infection results in dysfunctional activations by endogenous and bacterial proteases. Peptides, downstream reporters of these proteolytic actions, could therefore serve as a promising tool for diagnosis of wounds. Using mass-spectrometry analyses, we here for the first time characterise the peptidome of human wound fluids. Sterile post-surgical wound fluids were found to contain a high degree of peptides in comparison to human plasma. Analyses of the peptidome from uninfected healing wounds and Staphylococcus aureus -infected wounds identify unique peptide patterns of various proteins, including coagulation and complement factors, proteases, and antiproteinases. Together, the work defines a workflow for analysis of peptides derived from wound fluids and demonstrates a proof-of-concept that such fluids can be used for analysis of qualitative differences of peptide patterns from larger patient cohorts, providing potential biomarkers for wound healing and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariena JA van der Plas
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLundSweden
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jun Cai
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Karim Saleh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLundSweden
- Dermatology, Skane University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLundSweden
- Dermatology, Skane University HospitalLundSweden
- Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review outlines the scope of the problem in osteoporosis care and secondary fracture prevention and describes fracture prevention strategies, with a focus on the frail elderly. RECENT FINDINGS Despite heightened awareness among patients and clinicians alike and the availability of efficacious anti-osteoporosis medications, osteoporosis is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. However, the introduction of systematic risk assessment and secondary fracture prevention programmes has gained momentum, and evidence of success is accumulating. We possess today the knowledge required to close the osteoporosis care gap. The basic components in a secondary prevention model are similar in all health care settings, number one being a dedicated fracture coordinator, with anti-osteoporosis medications and multifaceted falls prevention as cornerstones, particularly in the frailest, both in the near and long-term. Initiation of structured care pathways including the key elements - identification, investigation, intervention and follow-up of adherence - demonstrably reduces re-fracture rates and is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Åkesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fiona E. A. McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Bartosch PS, Kristensson J, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Frailty and prediction of recurrent falls over 10 years in a community cohort of 75-year-old women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2241-2250. [PMID: 31939201 PMCID: PMC7591409 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Frailty captures the age-related declines in health leading to increased vulnerability, including falls which are commonplace in older women. The relationship between frailty and falls is complex, with one leading to the other in a vicious cycle. Aims This study addresses the gap in understanding how patterns of frailty and falls propensity interact, particularly in those who have not yet entered the falls-frailty cycle. Methods The Osteoporosis Risk Assessment cohort consists of 1044 community-dwelling women aged 75, with 10 years of follow-up. Investigations were performed and a frailty index constructed at baseline, 5 and 10 years. Falls were self-reported for each previous 12 months. Analysis was two-directional, firstly based on frailty status and second, based on falls status. Recurrent falls was the primary outcome. Results Baseline frailty was a significant predictor of recurrent falls after 5 and 10 years [(OR 2.55 (1.62–3.99); 3.04 (1.63–5.67)]. Among women who had no history of falls at age 75, frailty was a stronger predictor of falls at 5 years [OR 3.06 (1.59–5.89)] than among women who had previously fallen. Discussion Frailty is significantly associated with recurrent falls and most pronounced in those who are frail but have not yet fallen. Conclusions This suggests that frailty should be an integral part of falls-risk assessment to improve identification of those at risk of becoming fallers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40520-019-01467-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik S Bartosch
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, IM Nilssonsgata 22, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, IM Nilssonsgata 22, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, IM Nilssonsgata 22, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lundwall Å, Persson M, Hansson K, Jonsson M. Identification of the major rabbit and guinea pig semen coagulum proteins and description of the diversity of the REST gene locus in the mammalian clade Glires. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240607. [PMID: 33052982 PMCID: PMC7556508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal vesicle secretions of guinea pig and rabbit were analyzed for semen coagulum proteins. Using SDS-PAGE we discovered a previously not fully recognized semen coagulum protein, Svp5, in the guinea pig and a single predominant component, SVP200, in the rabbit. Potential genes of these proteins were identified in genome databases by their homology with human and murine genes. The structure of their fullength transcripts was determined using seminal vesicle cDNA and sequencing primers based on genomic sequences. Homology searching indicated that both Svp5 and SVP200 were synthesized from composite genes that were the result of merger between two genes showing homology with human SEMG2 and PI3. For a deeper understanding of the evolution of the genes, we retrieved and analyzed genome sequences from the REST gene loci, encompassing genes of semen coagulum proteins and related rapidly evolving seminal vesicle-transcribed genes, of 14 rodents and 2 lagomorphs. The analysis showed that rodents of the suborders myomorpha, hystricomorpha, and castorimorpha had unique sets of REST genes, whereas sciuromorpha seemed to be lacking such genes. It also indicated a closer relationship between myomorpha and castorimorpha than to rodents of the two other analyzed suborders. In the lagomorph species, the pika appeared to be devoid of REST genes, whereas the rabbit had a single expressed REST gene, SVP200, and two pseudogenes. The structural similarity of semen coagulum proteins in rabbit and hystricomph species suggests that they are closely related. This was also supported by other similarities at their REST gene loci, e.g. the finding of a PI3-like gene in the rabbit that also had features in common with caltrin2 of hystricomorph rodents. The homologies indicate that hystricomorpha may have separated from myomorpha and castorimorpha before the separation of hystricomorpha from lagomorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Lundwall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Margareta Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Jonsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section for Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Malmgren L, McGuigan FE, Christensson A, Akesson KE. Kidney function and its association to imminent, short- and long-term fracture risk-a longitudinal study in older women. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:97-107. [PMID: 31754754 PMCID: PMC6946753 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reduced kidney function is associated with an increased fracture risk, although the relationship between an age-related decline and fractures needs further investigation. We followed kidney function and fracture risk for 10 years. A mild-moderate decline in kidney function was associated with fracture, but not in advanced age. INTRODUCTION With age, kidney function declines. Though well known that chronic kidney disease is associated with increased fracture risk, the extent to which the typical age-related decline contributes is unclear. In the OPRA cohort, a longitudinal study of older non-selected women, we investigated the association between kidney function and fracture. METHODS Cystatin C-based kidney function estimates were available at age 75 (n = 981) and 80 (n = 685). Women were categorized by kidney function: normal (CKD stages 1 and 2), mild-moderate (3a), poor (3b-5), and imminent, short- and long-term fracture risk investigated. BMD measurements and kidney function for risk prediction were also evaluated; women were categorized by both reduced kidney function (stages 3-5) and osteoporosis status. RESULTS In the short term, 2-3 years, mild-moderate kidney dysfunction was associated with the highest risk increase: osteoporotic fractures (2 years HRadj 2.21, 95% CI 1.27-3.87) and also up to 5 years (between 75 and 80 years) (HRadj 1.51, 1.04-2.18). Hip fracture risk was similarly increased. This association was not observed from age 80 nor for women with poorest kidney function. Reduced kidney function was associated with higher risk even without osteoporosis (osteoporotic fracture; HRadj 1.66, 1.08-2.54); risk increased by having both osteoporosis and reduced function (HRadj 2.53, 1.52-4.23). CONCLUSION Older women with mild-moderate reduction of kidney function are at increased risk of fractures, but not those with the worst function. Our findings furthermore confirm the value of osteoporosis assessment and it is possible that in this age group, age-related decline of kidney function has limited contribution compared with BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Christensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
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20
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Lind A, Akel O, Wallenius M, Ramelius A, Maziarz M, Zhao LP, Geraghty DE, Palm L, Lernmark Å, Larsson HE. HLA high-resolution typing by next-generation sequencing in Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222882. [PMID: 31577807 PMCID: PMC6774514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) increased in Sweden following the 2009–2010 mass-vaccination with the influenza Pandemrix-vaccine. NT1 has been associated with Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02 but full high-resolution HLA-typing of all loci in vaccine-induced NT1 remains to be done. Therefore, here we performed HLA typing by sequencing HLA-DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1 in 31 vaccine-associated NT1 patients and 66 of their first-degree relatives (FDR), and compared these data to 636 Swedish general population controls (GP). Previously reported disease-related alleles in the HLA-DRB5*01:01:01-DRB1*15:01:01-DQA1*01:02:01-DQB1*06:02:01extended haplotype were increased in NT1 patients (34/62 haplotypes, 54.8%) compared to GP (194/1272 haplotypes, 15.3%, p = 6.17E-16). Indeed, this extended haplotype was found in 30/31 patients (96.8%) and 178/636 GP (28.0%). In total, 15 alleles, four extended haplotypes, and six genotypes were found to be increased or decreased in frequency among NT1 patients compared to GP. Among subjects with the HLA-DRB5*01:01:01-DRB1*15:01:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 haplotype, a second DRB4*01:03:01-DRB1*04:01:01-DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01-DQB1*03:01:01 haplotype (p = 2.02E-2), but not homozygosity for DRB1*15:01:01-DQB1*06:02:01 (p = 7.49E-1) conferred association to NT1. Alleles with increased frequency in DQA1*01:02:01 (p = 1.07E-2) and DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01 (p = 3.26E-2), as well as with decreased frequency in DRB3*01:01:02 (p = 8.09E-3), DRB1*03:01:01 (p = 1.40E-2), and DQB1*02:01:01 (p = 1.40E-2) were found among patients compared to their FDR. High-resolution HLA sequencing in Pandemrix-associated NT1 confirmed the strong association with the DQB1*06:02:01-containing haplotype but also revealed an increased association to the not previously reported extended HLA-DRB4*01:03:01-DRB1*04:01:01-DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01-DQB1*03:01:01 haplotype. High-resolution HLA typing should prove useful in dissecting the immunological mechanisms of vaccination-associated NT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Omar Akel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Wallenius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anita Ramelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marlena Maziarz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lars Palm
- Section for Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
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Tenland E, Pochert A, Krishnan N, Umashankar Rao K, Kalsum S, Braun K, Glegola-Madejska I, Lerm M, Robertson BD, Lindén M, Godaly G. Effective delivery of the anti-mycobacterial peptide NZX in mesoporous silica nanoparticles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212858. [PMID: 30807612 PMCID: PMC6391042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents by nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica particles (MSPs), offers an interesting strategy to treat intracellular infections. In tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis avoids components of the immune system by residing primarily inside alveolar macrophages, which are the desired target for TB therapy. METHODS AND FINDINGS We have previously identified a peptide, called NZX, capable of inhibiting both clinical and multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis at therapeutic concentrations. In this study we analysed the potential of MSPs containing NZX for the treatment of tuberculosis. The MSPs released functional NZX gradually into simulated lung fluid and the peptide filled MSPs were easily taken up by primary macrophages. In an intracellular infection model, the peptide containing particles showed increased mycobacterial killing compared to free peptide. The therapeutic potential of peptide containing MSPs was investigated in a murine infection model, showing that MSPs preserved the effect to eliminate M. tuberculosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In this study we found that loading the antimicrobial peptide NZX into MSPs increased the inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria in primary macrophages and preserved the ability to eliminate M. tuberculosis in vivo in a murine model. Our studies provide evidence for the feasibility of using MSPs for treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Tenland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Nitya Krishnan
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Komal Umashankar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadaf Kalsum
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Izabela Glegola-Madejska
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lerm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Brian D. Robertson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriela Godaly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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van Hensbergen VP, Movert E, de Maat V, Lüchtenborg C, Le Breton Y, Lambeau G, Payré C, Henningham A, Nizet V, van Strijp JAG, Brügger B, Carlsson F, McIver KS, van Sorge NM. Streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides are critical cell wall determinants for human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to exert its bactericidal effects. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007348. [PMID: 30321240 PMCID: PMC6201954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) is an acute phase protein with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Infection models in hGIIA transgenic mice have suggested the importance of hGIIA as an innate defense mechanism against the human pathogens Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Compared to other Gram-positive bacteria, GAS is remarkably resistant to hGIIA activity. To identify GAS resistance mechanisms, we exposed a highly saturated GAS M1 transposon library to recombinant hGIIA and compared relative mutant abundance with library input through transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq). Based on transposon prevalence in the output library, we identified nine genes, including dltA and lytR, conferring increased hGIIA susceptibility. In addition, seven genes conferred increased hGIIA resistance, which included two genes, gacH and gacI that are located within the Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) gene cluster. Using GAS 5448 wild-type and the isogenic gacI mutant and gacI-complemented strains, we demonstrate that loss of the GAC N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chain in the ΔgacI mutant increases hGIIA resistance approximately 10-fold, a phenotype that is conserved across different GAS serotypes. Increased resistance is associated with delayed penetration of hGIIA through the cell wall. Correspondingly, loss of the Lancefield Group B Carbohydrate (GBC) rendered GBS significantly more resistant to hGIIA-mediated killing. This suggests that the streptococcal Lancefield antigens, which are critical determinants for streptococcal physiology and virulence, are required for the bactericidal enzyme hGIIA to exert its bactericidal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. van Hensbergen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Movert
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Section for Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent de Maat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yoann Le Breton
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Biochemistry, Valbonne, France
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Biochemistry, Valbonne, France
| | - Anna Henningham
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fredric Carlsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Section for Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kevin S. McIver
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tahvili S, Törngren M, Holmberg D, Leanderson T, Ivars F. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196598. [PMID: 29742113 PMCID: PMC5942776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline-3-carboxamides (Q compounds) are immunomodulatory compounds that have shown efficacy both in autoimmune disease and cancer. We have in here investigated the impact of one such compound, paquinimod, on the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse model for type I diabetes (T1D). In cohorts of NOD mice treated with paquinimod between weeks 10 to 20 of age and followed up until 40 weeks of age, we observed dose-dependent reduction in incidence of disease as well as delayed onset of disease. Further, in contrast to untreated controls, the majority of NOD mice treated from 15 weeks of age did not develop diabetes at 30 weeks of age. Importantly, these mice displayed significantly less insulitis, which correlated with selectively reduced number of splenic macrophages and splenic Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes at end point as compared to untreated controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate that paquinimod treatment can significantly inhibit progression of insulitis to T1D in the NOD mouse. We propose that the effect of paquinimod on disease progression may be related to the reduced number of these myeloid cell populations. Our finding also indicates that this compound could be a candidate for clinical development towards diabetes therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Tahvili
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dan Holmberg
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Leanderson
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ivars
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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24
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Ertürk G, Hedström M, Mattiasson B, Ruzgas T, Lood R. Highly sensitive detection and quantification of the secreted bacterial benevolence factor RoxP using a capacitive biosensor: A possible early detection system for oxidative skin diseases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193754. [PMID: 29494704 PMCID: PMC5833275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the microbiota on our health is rapidly gaining interest. While several bacteria have been associated with disease, and others being indicated as having a probiotic effect, the individual biomolecules behind these alterations are often not known. A major problem in the study of these factors in vivo is their low abundance in complex environments. We recently identified the first secreted bacterial antioxidant protein, RoxP, from the skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes, suggesting its relevance for maintaining the redox homeostasis on the skin. In order to study the effect, and prevalence, of RoxP in vivo, a capacitive biosensor with a recognition surface based on molecular imprinting was used to detect RoxP on skin in vivo. In vitro analyses demonstrated the ability to detect and quantify RoxP in a concentration range of 1 x 10−13 M to 1 x 10−8 M from human skin swabs; with a limit of detection of 2.5 x 10−19 M in buffer systems. Further, the biosensor was highly selective, not responding to any other secreted protein from P. acnes. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate the presence, and quantity, of RoxP on human skin. Therefore, the developed biosensor is a very promising tool for the detection of RoxP from clinical samples, offering a rapid, cost-effective and sensitive means of detecting low-abundant bacterial proteins in vivo in complex milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ertürk
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hedström
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Kiadaliri AA, Englund M. Temporal trends and regional disparity in rheumatoid arthritis and gout hospitalizations in Sweden, 1998-2015. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:825-830. [PMID: 29359231 PMCID: PMC5835057 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-3983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalization is an important component of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout economic burden. This study aimed to assess temporal trends and regional disparities in RA and gout hospitalizations among people aged ≥ 20 years in Sweden during 1998–2015. Data on hospital admissions with a principal diagnosis of RA or gout were collected from the National Patient Register. Age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHRs) were calculated by means of direct standardization. The absolute and relative regional disparities were assessed. The temporal trends in ASHR and proportion of RA and gout hospitalizations from all and musculoskeletal disorders hospitalizations were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015, the ASHR for RA declined by 78.9% from 109.9 to 23.2 per 100,000 Swedish adults, while it almost doubled for gout (from 10.5 to 20.8 per 100,000 Swedish adults). While in 1998–2000, RA hospitalizations were 10.3 times more frequent than gout (0.54 vs 0.05% of all hospitalizations), this ratio declined to 1.1 in 2013–2015 (0.13 vs 0.11% of all hospitalizations). The joinpoint regression revealed that, on average, the ASHR for RA declined by 10.2% (95% CI: 9.3–11.1) per year whereas for gout, it rose by 4.3% (3.2–5.4) per year during 1998–2015. While the relative regional disparities were stable, the absolute regional disparity declined for RA and increased for gout over the study period. While substantial decline in RA hospitalization is encouraging, the substantial rise in gout hospitalization is of concern, reflecting potential increase in prevalence of gout and suboptimal management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar A Kiadaliri
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden.
- Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Remissgatan 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Martin Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Malmgren L, McGuigan F, Christensson A, Akesson KE. Reduced kidney function is associated with BMD, bone loss and markers of mineral homeostasis in older women: a 10-year longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3463-3473. [PMID: 29038837 PMCID: PMC5684332 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney function decreases with age; however, the long-term influence on bone density (BMD) in older women already at risk of osteoporosis is unknown. We followed kidney function and bone loss for 10 years. Declining kidney function was adversely associated with bone loss and mineral homeostasis in old women, though it attenuated with advanced aging. INTRODUCTION Existing studies do not fully address the relationship between kidney function and bone metabolism with advanced aging in Caucasian women. This study describes the association between kidney function, BMD, bone loss and bone metabolism in older women and provides a review of the available literature for context. METHODS We studied participants from the OPRA cohort with follow-up after 5 and 10 years. Using plasma cystatin C (cysC), estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR) was evaluated at age 75 (n = 981), 80 (n = 685) and 85 (n = 365). Women were stratified into "normal" function (CKD stages 1-2), "intermediate" (stage 3a) and "poor" (stages 3b-5), and outcome measures-BMD, bone loss and markers of mineral homeostasis-were compared. RESULTS Femoral neck (FN) BMD positively associated with kidney function at 75 years old ([Formula: see text] = 0.001, p = 0.028) and 80 years old ([Formula: see text] = 0.001, p = 0.001), although with small effect size. Prevalence of osteoporosis (FN T-score ≤ - 2.5) did not differ with kidney function. Measured at age 75, women with poor kidney function had higher annual percentage bone loss over 5 years compared to those with normal function (2.3%, 95% CI 1.8-2.8 versus 1.3%, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, p = 0.007), although not when measured from age 80 or 85. Additionally, markers of mineral homeostasis (PTH, phosphate, vitamin D, calcium), CRP and osteocalcin differed by kidney function. CONCLUSIONS In old women, kidney function is associated with BMD, bone loss and altered mineral homeostasis; probably, a relationship attenuated in the very elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Christensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
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27
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Stenevi Lundgren S, Rosengren BE, Dencker M, Nilsson JÅ, Karlsson C, Karlsson MK. Low physical activity is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture-a 2-year prospective study in children. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3373-3378. [PMID: 28913570 PMCID: PMC5684288 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study investigates the effect of physical activity (PA) on a composite score for fracture risk in pre-pubertal children. Low PA in children is related to the composite score for fracture risk and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the score. INTRODUCTION This study evaluates if PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture. Research questions are the following: (i) What is the effect of physical activity (PA) on single traits and a composite score for fracture risk? (ii) Could this score be used to identify the level of PA needed to reach beneficial effects? METHODS This prospective population-based study included 269 children, aged 7-9 years at baseline while 246 attended the 2-year follow-up. We estimated duration of PA by questionnaires and measured traits that independently predict fractures. We then calculated gender specific Z-scores for each variable. The mean Z-score of all traits was used as a composite score for fracture risk. We tested correlation between duration of PA, each trait, and the composite score and group differences between children in different quartiles of PA. RESULTS At baseline, we found no correlation between duration of PA and any of the traits or the composite score. At follow-up, we found a correlation between PA and the composite score. Physical activity had an effect on composite score, and children in the lowest quartiles of PA had unbeneficial composite score compared to children in the other quartiles. CONCLUSION Low PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture, and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the composite score.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stenevi Lundgren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit and Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - B E Rosengren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit and Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Dencker
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J-Å Nilsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit and Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit and Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M K Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit and Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Jungner Å, Vallius S, Bruschettini M, Romantsik O, Gram M, Ley D. Cardiopulmonary bypass in the newborn: effects of circulatory cell-free hemoglobin and hyperoxia evaluated in a novel rat pup model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2017; 5:45. [PMID: 28980221 PMCID: PMC5628085 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-017-0153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) are at risk for white matter brain injury. This novel rat pup model characterizes the systemic effects of intravasal cell-free hemoglobin and hyperoxia, hypothesizing that immature endogenous scavenging systems relate to increased vulnerability to conditions present during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS Plasma pharmacokinetics of cell-free human hemoglobin (Hb) was determined after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration in postnatal day 6 (P6) rat pups. Cell-free hemoglobin degradation, scavenger- and oxidative stress responses in altered oxygen environments were evaluated in P6 rat pups exposed to i.p. cell-free Hb or vehicle and subjected to hyperoxia or normoxia for 24 h. Plasma and liver were analyzed for free heme, haptoglobin, hemopexin, heme-oxygenase 1, and 8-OHdG at 3-120 h post-injection. Baseline scavenging properties were evaluated in P0-P12 rat pups. RESULTS Cell-free Hb displayed peak plasma concentrations of 3.6 ± 0.5 mg/mL (mean ± SD) at 3 h post-administration. Animals exposed to cell-free Hb demonstrated a 30-fold increase in plasma haptoglobin and a decrease in plasma hemopexin to 1/6 of concentrations observed in pups exposed to vehicle. Exposure to cell-free Hb and hyperoxia mediated increased plasma concentrations of free heme (72.7 ± 19.5 μM, mean ± SD) compared to exposure to cell-free Hb and normoxia (49.3 ± 13.1 μM) at 3 h, and an elevated hepatic mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1. mRNA expression of haptoglobin and hemopexin was increased in animals exposed to hemoglobin with a mitigated response in pups exposed to hemoglobin and hyperoxia. Animals exposed to hyperoxia displayed an increase in hepatic transcription of scavenger proteins at 24 h. Combined exposure to cell-free Hb and hyperoxia mediated an increased DNA-oxidation at 6 h, whereas all insults conveyed a decrease in DNA-oxidation at 120 h. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present a novel rat pup model with scavenging characteristics and brain maturation similar to newborns with CHD. We have confirmed a distinct scavenger response after exposure to systemic cell-free hemoglobin. We have indications of an accelerated metabolism of cell-free Hb and of an altered transcription of scavenger proteins in a hyperoxic environment. We believe that this model will prove valuable in future delineation of inflammatory and oxidative end-organ damage following CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Jungner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatric Surgery and Neonatal Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (BIVA), Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Vallius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatric Surgery and Neonatal Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatric Surgery and Neonatal Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatric Surgery and Neonatal Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Olsson PO, Kalamajski S, Maccarana M, Oldberg Å, Rubin K. Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182973. [PMID: 28827814 PMCID: PMC5565175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. Furthermore, vascular density, pericyte coverage and macrophage amount were unaffected. Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Olof Olsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund University, SE,Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLife Laboratories, Uppsala University, BMC, SE,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Maccarana
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Matrix Biology, SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Oldberg
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Matrix Biology, SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Rubin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund University, SE,Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLife Laboratories, Uppsala University, BMC, SE,Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Bergqvist V, Hertervig E, Gedeon P, Kopljar M, Griph H, Kinhult S, Carneiro A, Marsal J. Vedolizumab treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced enterocolitis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:581-592. [PMID: 28204866 PMCID: PMC5406433 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), such as ipilimumab [anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody] and nivolumab or pembrolizumab [anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies], improve survival in several cancer types. Since inhibition of CTLA-4 or PD-1 leads to non-selective activation of the immune system, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent. Enterocolitis is a common irAE, currently managed with corticosteroids and, if necessary, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. Such a regimen carries a risk of serious side-effects including infections, and may potentially imply impaired antitumor effects. Vedolizumab is an anti-integrin α4β7 antibody with gut-specific immunosuppressive effects, approved for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. We report a case series of seven patients with metastatic melanoma or lung cancer, treated with vedolizumab off-label for ipilimumab- or nivolumab-induced enterocolitis, from June 2014 through October 2016. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histologic data were analyzed. Patients initially received corticosteroids but were steroid-dependent and/or partially refractory. One patient was administered infliximab but was refractory. The median time from onset of enterocolitis to start of vedolizumab therapy was 79 days. Following vedolizumab therapy, all patients but one experienced steroid-free enterocolitis remission, with normalized fecal calprotectin. This was achieved after a median of 56 days from vedolizumab start, without any vedolizumab-related side-effects noted. The patient in whom vedolizumab was not successful, due to active ulcerative colitis, received vedolizumab prophylactically. This is the first case series to suggest that vedolizumab is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic for steroid-dependent or partially refractory ICPI-induced enterocolitis. A larger prospective study to evaluate vedolizumab in this indication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Bergqvist
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Hertervig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
- Section of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Gedeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marija Kopljar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Griph
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Kinhult
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Carneiro
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Marsal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Section of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Andréasson K, Alrawi Z, Persson A, Jönsson G, Marsal J. Intestinal dysbiosis is common in systemic sclerosis and associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal features of disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:278. [PMID: 27894337 PMCID: PMC5126986 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a link between autoimmunity and the intestinal microbial composition in several rheumatic diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal dysbiosis in SSc and to characterise patients suffering from this potentially immunomodulatory deviation. METHODS This study consisted of 98 consecutive patients subject to in-hospital care. Stool samples were analysed for intestinal microbiota composition using a validated genome-based microbiota test (GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test, Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway). Gut microbiota dysbiosis was found present as per this standardised test. Patients were examined regarding gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of SSc by clinical, laboratory, and radiological measures including esophageal cineradiography, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), levels of plasma transthyretin (a marker of malnutrition) and faecal (F-) calprotectin (a marker of intestinal inflammation). RESULTS A majority (75.5%) of the patients exhibited dysbiosis. Dysbiosis was more severe (rs = 0.31, p = 0.001) and more common (p = 0.013) in patients with esophageal dysmotility. Dysbiosis was also more pronounced in patients with abnormal plasma levels of transthyretin (p = 0.045) or micronutrient deficiency (p = 0.009). In 19 patients at risk for malnutrition according to the MUST, 18 exhibited dysbiosis. Conversely, of the 24 patients with a negative dysbiosis test, only one was at risk for malnutrition. The mean ± SEM levels of F-calprotectin were 112 ± 14 and 45 ± 8 μg/g in patients with a positive and negative dysbiosis test, respectively. Dysbiosis was more severe in patients with skin telangiectasias (p = 0.020), pitting scars (p = 0.023), pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.009), and elevated serum markers of inflammation (p < 0.001). However, dysbiosis did not correlate with age, disease duration, disease subtype, or extent of skin fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, intestinal dysbiosis was common in patients with SSc and was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, malnutrition and with some inflammatory, fibrotic and vascular extraintestinal features of SSc. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential causal relationship of intestinal microbe-host interaction in this autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Andréasson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaid Alrawi
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anita Persson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Marsal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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He Z, Riva M, Björk P, Swärd K, Mörgelin M, Leanderson T, Ivars F. CD14 Is a Co-Receptor for TLR4 in the S100A9-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Monocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156377. [PMID: 27228163 PMCID: PMC4881898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic Ca2+-binding S100A9 and S100A8 proteins form heterodimers that are primarily expressed in human neutrophils and monocytes. We have recently shown that S100A9 binds to TLR4 in vitro and induces TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response in monocytes. In the present report we have further investigated the S100A9-mediated stimulation of TLR4 in monocytes. Using transmission immunoelectron microscopy, we detected focal binding of S100A9 to monocyte membrane subdomains containing the caveolin-1 protein and TLR4. Furthermore, the S100A9 protein was detected in early endosomes of the stimulated cells, indicating that the protein could be internalized by endocytosis. Although stimulation of monocytes with S100A9 was strictly TLR4-dependent, binding of S100A9 to the plasma membrane and endocytosis of S100A9 was still detectable and coincided with CD14 expression in TLR4-deficient cells. We therefore investigated whether CD14 would be involved in the TLR4-dependent stimulation and could show that the S100A9-induced cytokine response was inhibited both in CD14-deficient cells and in cells exposed to CD14 blocking antibodies. Further, S100A9 was not internalized into CD14-deficient cells suggesting a direct role of CD14 in endocytosis of S100A9. Finally, we could detect satiable binding of S100A9 to CD14 in surface plasmon resonance experiments. Taken together, these results indicate that CD14 is a co-receptor of TLR4 in the S100A9-induced cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei He
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Swärd
- Section for Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Section for Infection Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Leanderson
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ivars
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Vieira ML, Naudin C, Mörgelin M, Romero EC, Nascimento ALTO, Herwald H. Modulation of Hemostatic and Inflammatory Responses by Leptospira Spp. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004713. [PMID: 27167223 PMCID: PMC4864083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide spread zoonotic and neglected infectious disease of human and veterinary concern that is caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. In severe infections, hemostatic impairments such as coagulation/fibrinolysis dysfunction are frequently observed. These complications often occur when the host response is controlled and/or modulated by the bacterial pathogen. In the present investigation, we aimed to analyze the modulation of the hemostatic and inflammatory host responses by the bacterial pathogen Leptospira. The effects of leptospires and their secreted products on stimulation of human intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation were investigated by means of altered clotting times, assembly and activation of contact system and induction of tissue factor. We show that both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation cascades are modulated in response to Leptospira or leptospiral secreted proteins. We further find that the pro-inflammatory mediator bradykinin is released following contact activation at the bacterial surface and that pro-coagulant microvesicles are shed from monocytes in response to infection. Also, we show that human leptospirosis patients present higher levels of circulating pro-coagulant microvesicles than healthy individuals. Here we show that both pathways of the coagulation system are modulated by leptospires, possibly leading to altered hemostatic and inflammatory responses during the disease. Our results contribute to the understanding of the leptospirosis pathophysiological mechanisms and may open new routes for the discovery of novel treatments for the severe manifestations of the disease. Leptospirosis is one of the most relevant and spread zoonotic and neglected infectious diseases affecting humans and other mammals, and is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. During infectious diseases, when bacterial pathogens control and/or modulate the host response, impaired hemostasis and inflammation are frequently observed. Here we studied the effects of leptospires and their secreted products on stimulation of human intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation, showing that both coagulation cascades are modulated in response to Leptospira or leptospiral secreted proteins. We further find that activation of the coagulation cascades culminates in the release of the pro-inflammatory mediator bradykinin and noted an induction of pro-coagulant microvesicles. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the local and systemic hemostastic complications during leptospirosis. Collectively, our results show how leptospires can affect host responses, possibly leading to altered host responses during the disease and giving rise to the leptospirosis symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica L. Vieira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: ; (MLV); (HH)
| | - Clément Naudin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eliete C. Romero
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: ; (MLV); (HH)
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