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Van den Berghe P, Derie R, Gerlo J, Bonnaerens S, Fiers P, Van Caekenberghe I, De Clercq D, Segers V. Learning effects in over-ground running gait retraining: A six-month follow-up of a quasi-randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:475-482. [PMID: 38678312 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2323849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated learning and recall effects following a feedback-based retraining program. A 6-month follow-up of a quasi-randomized controlled trial was performed with and without recall. Twenty runners were assigned to experimental or control groups and completed a 3-week running program. A body-worn system collected axial tibial acceleration and provided real-time feedback on peak tibial acceleration for six running sessions in an athletic training facility. The experimental group received music-based biofeedback in a faded feedback scheme. The controls received tempo-synchronized music as a placebo for blinding purposes. The peak tibial acceleration and vertical loading rate of the ground reaction force were determined in a lab at baseline and six months following the intervention to assess retention and recall. The impacts of the experimental group substantially decreased at follow-up following a simple verbal recall (i.e., run as at the end of the program): peak tibial acceleration:-32%, p = 0.018; vertical loading rate:-34%, p = 0.006. No statistically significant changes were found regarding the retention of the impact variables. The impact magnitudes did not change over time in the control group. The biofeedback-based intervention did not induce clear learning at follow-up, however, a substantial impact reduction was recallable through simple cueing in the absence of biofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van den Berghe
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rud Derie
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Gerlo
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Senne Bonnaerens
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Fiers
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Van Caekenberghe
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Clercq
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Segers
- Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Leszczyńska D, Szatko A, Papierska L, Zgliczyński W, Glinicki P. Musculoskeletal complications of Cushing syndrome. Reumatologia 2023; 61:271-282. [PMID: 37745145 PMCID: PMC10515123 DOI: 10.5114/reum/169889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to an excess of glucocorticosteroids (GCs), both endogenous and exogenous, leads to a wide range of comorbidities, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders. The latter comprise osteopenia and osteoporosis leading to skeletal fractures and myopathy. Although endogenous hypercortisolemia is a rare disorder, GCs are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, often administered chronically and despite multiple side effects, impossible to taper off due to therapeutic reasons. The pathophysiology of the effect of GC excess on bone often leads to fractures despite normal or low-normal bone mineral density and it includes direct (mainly disturbance in bone formation processes, through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) and indirect mechanisms (through suppressing the gonadal and somatotrophic axis, and also through antagonizing vitamin D actions). Glucocorticosteroid-induced fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy occurs due to increased protein catabolism and impaired synthesis. Protein degradation is a result of activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomes stimulated through overexpression of several atrogenes (such as FOXO-1 and atrogin-1). This review will discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of GC-induced osteoporosis (including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and bisphosphonates) and myopathy associated with GC excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szatko
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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Hayashi N, Ishibashi A, Iwata A, Yatsutani H, Badenhorst C, Goto K. Influence of an energy deficient and low carbohydrate acute dietary manipulation on iron regulation in young females. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15351. [PMID: 35785528 PMCID: PMC9251860 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver‐derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest that an energy‐deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of either an energy‐deficient diet or an ED diet with low CHO intake during three consecutive days on hepcidin responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism in young Japanese women. Twenty‐two young females were divided into two different groups, either an energy‐deficient with low CHO intake group (ED + LCHO; 2.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 39%CHO, 1123 kcal/day) or an energy deficient with moderate CHO intake group (ED; 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 63%CHO, 1162 kcal/day). During the three consecutive days of the dietary intervention program, participants consumed only the prescribed diet and maintained their habitual physical activity levels. Body composition, substrate oxidation, iron metabolism, and inflammation were evaluated pre‐ and post‐intervention. Serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly elevated following the intervention (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels did not change following the intervention. Serum hepcidin levels significantly increased after the intervention (p = 0.002). Relative change in hepcidin levels was significantly higher in the ED + LCHO (264.3 ± 87.2%) than in the ED group (68.9 ± 22.1%, p = 0.048). Three consecutive days of an energy‐deficient diet increased fasting hepcidin levels. Moreover, elevated hepcidin levels were further augmented when an energy‐deficient diet was combined with a lower CHO intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hayashi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Department of Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayame Iwata
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Haruka Yatsutani
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Claire Badenhorst
- School of Sports, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Cardoso DF, Fernandes Júnior GA, Scalez DCB, Alves AAC, Magalhães AFB, Bresolin T, Ventura RV, Li C, de Sena Oliveira MC, Porto-Neto LR, Carvalheiro R, de Oliveira HN, Tonhati H, Albuquerque LG. Uncovering Sub-Structure and Genomic Profiles in Across-Countries Subpopulations of Angus Cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8770. [PMID: 32471998 PMCID: PMC7260210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlighting genomic profiles for geographically distinct subpopulations of the same breed may provide insights into adaptation mechanisms to different environments, reveal genomic regions divergently selected, and offer initial guidance to joint genomic analysis. Here, we characterized similarities and differences between the genomic patterns of Angus subpopulations, born and raised in Canada (N = 382) and Brazil (N = 566). Furthermore, we systematically scanned for selection signatures based on the detection of autozygosity islands common between the two subpopulations, and signals of divergent selection, via FST and varLD tests. The principal component analysis revealed a sub-structure with a close connection between the two subpopulations. The averages of genomic relationships, inbreeding coefficients, and linkage disequilibrium at varying genomic distances were rather similar across them, suggesting non-accentuated differences in overall genomic diversity. Autozygosity islands revealed selection signatures common to both subpopulations at chromosomes 13 (63.77-65.25 Mb) and 14 (22.81-23.57 Mb), which are notably known regions affecting growth traits. Nevertheless, further autozygosity islands along with FST and varLD tests unravel particular sites with accentuated population subdivision at BTAs 7 and 18 overlapping with known QTL and candidate genes of reproductive performance, thermoregulation, and resistance to infectious diseases. Our findings indicate overall genomic similarity between Angus subpopulations, with noticeable signals of divergent selection in genomic regions associated with the adaptation in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diercles Francisco Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Alves Fernandes Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Becker Scalez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anderson Antonio Carvalho Alves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Fabrícia Braga Magalhães
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vieira Ventura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Humberto Tonhati
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Suleymanova AK, Baranova IA. [Evaluation of the relationship between the parameters of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:36-41. [PMID: 32598791 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of diseases with high levels of comorbidity. Pathological changes of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in COPD patients, which are often underestimated, occupy a special place. AIM To study the relationship between functional and quantitative parameters of the peripheral (limb muscle) and respiratory muscles in COPD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 127 patients (98 men/29 women, mean age 67.68.2 years) were under observation without acute COPD. All COPD patients were classified according to GOLD (2019) into groups A, B, C, D. The algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) was used to diagnose sarcopenia. The muscle mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the appendicular lean mass index (ASM) was estimated. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured by body plethysmograph MasterScreen Body. Quantitative assessment of thoracic muscle cross-sectional areas were performed using the CT scan using Vidar Dicom Viewer software. RESULTS Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 43.3% of COPD patients. Respiratory muscle dysfunction was determined in 66.1% of patients with COPD, its probability increased in groups C and D in comparison with groups A and B [chance ratio 6.6 (95% confidence interval 2.915.0); p0.0001]. Correlations between the functional parameters of sarcopenia and respiratory muscle strength as well as between the mass of peripheral skeletal muscles and respiratory muscle area have been established according to the data of computerized tomography (р0.01). Sarcopenia as well as respiratory muscle dysfunction was observed more frequently in persons with severe and extremely severe airway obstruction and in patients with predominantly emphysematic COPD phenotype (p0.01). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is a frequent comorbidity in COPD and its development is connected with the severity of the course of the main disease. Correlation between parameters of peripheral (limb muscle) and respiratory muscles in patients with COPD has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I A Baranova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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Lin X, Parker L, Mclennan E, Zhang X, Hayes A, McConell G, Brennan-Speranza TC, Levinger I. Recombinant Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin Per Se Enhances Mouse Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in both Extensor Digitorum Longus and Soleus Muscles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 29204135 PMCID: PMC5698688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) improves muscle glucose uptake in rodents. However, whether ucOC can directly increase glucose uptake in both glycolytic and oxidative muscles and the possible mechanisms of action still need further exploration. We tested the hypothesis that ucOC per se stimulates muscle glucose uptake via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and/or the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-protein kinase B (AKT)-AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) signaling cascade. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles from male C57BL/6 mice were isolated, divided into halves, and then incubated with ucOC with or without the pretreatment of ERK inhibitor U0126. ucOC increased muscle glucose uptake in both EDL and soleus. It also enhanced phosphorylation of ERK2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and AS160 (Thr642) in both muscle types and increased mTOR phosphorylation (Ser2481) in EDL only. ucOC had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172). The inhibition of ucOC-induced ERK phosphorylation had limited effect on ucOC-stimulated glucose uptake and AS160 phosphorylation in both muscle types, but appeared to inhibit the elevation in AKT phosphorylation only in EDL. Taken together, ucOC at the physiological range directly increased glucose uptake in both EDL and soleus muscles in mouse. The molecular mechanisms behind this ucOC effect on muscle glucose uptake seem to be muscle type-specific, involving enhanced phosphorylation of AS160 but limitedly modulated by ERK phosphorylation. Our study suggests that, since ucOC increases muscle glucose uptake without insulin, it could be considered as a potential agent to improve muscle glucose uptake in insulin resistant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Mclennan
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn McConell
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Itamar Levinger,
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Tahiri M, Drighil A, Jalal Y, Ghellab D, Hliwa W, Fouad H, Badre W, Bellabah A, Habbal R, Alaoui R. Chronic permanent hypoxemia predisposes to mild elevation of liver stiffness. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10564-10569. [PMID: 25132776 PMCID: PMC4130867 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of long term permanent hypoxemia noticed in patients with non operated congenital cyanogenic cyanotic cardiopathy on liver stiffness.
METHODS: We included ten adult patients with non operated inoperate cyanotic cardiopathy and ten matched patients for age and gender admitted to the gastroenterology department for proctologic diseases; Clinical and laboratory data were collected [age, gender, body mass index, oxygen saturation, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glycemia and cholesterol]. Measurement of hepatic stiffness by transient elastography was carried out in all patients using the Fibroscan device. All patients underwent an echocardiography to eliminate congestive heart failure.
RESULTS: Among the patients with cyanotic cardiopathy, median liver stiffness 5.9 ± 1.3 kPa was greater than control group (4.7 ± 0.4 kPa) (P = 0.008). Median levels of GOT, GPT, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glycemia and cholesterol were comparable in cardiopathy and control group. In regression analysis including age, gender, body mass index, oxygen saturation, GOT, GPT, glycemia, cholesterol showed that only oxygen saturation was related to liver stiffness (r = -0.63 P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: Chronic permanent hypoxemia can induce mild increase of liver stiffness, but further studies are needed to explore the histological aspects of liver injury induced by chronic permanent hypoxemia.
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