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Renwick JRM, Preobrazenski N, Wu Z, Khansari A, LeBouedec MA, Nuttall JMG, Bancroft KR, Simpson-Stairs N, Swinton PA, Gurd BJ. Standard Deviation of Individual Response for VO 2max Following Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y. [PMID: 39160296 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous attempts to demonstrate inter-individual differences in trainability across various outcomes have been unsuccessful, the investigation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) trainability warrants further study. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate inter-individual differences in VO2max trainability across aerobic exercise training protocols utilizing non-exercising comparator groups. METHODS We conducted a literature search across three databases: EMBASE, PubMed and SCOPUS. The search strategy incorporated two main concepts: aerobic exercise training and VO2max. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, reported absolute or relative VO2max, included a non-exercise comparator group, reported VO2max change scores for non-exercise and exercise groups and provided the standard deviation (SD) of change for all groups. We calculated the SD of individual response (SDIR) to estimate the presence of inter-individual differences in trainability across all studies. RESULTS The literature search generated 32,968 studies, 24 of which were included in the final analysis. Our findings indicated that (1) the majority of variation in observed change scores following an intervention is due to measurement error, (2) calculating SDIR within a single study would not yield sufficient accuracy of SDIR due to generally small sample sizes and (3) meta-analysis of SD IR 2 across studies does not provide strong evidence for a positive value. CONCLUSION Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not strong evidence supporting the existence of VO2max trainability across single interventions. As such, it appears unlikely that clinically relevant predictors of VO2max response will be discovered. Registration can be found online ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X9VU3 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R M Renwick
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zeyu Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ava Khansari
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Matisse A LeBouedec
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jared M G Nuttall
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kyra R Bancroft
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nia Simpson-Stairs
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QE, UK
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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2
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Hao H, Yuan Y, Li J, Zhao D, Li P, Sun J, Zhou C. Association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among adults in China: the moderating role of age. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1334081. [PMID: 38601506 PMCID: PMC11005473 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1334081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults and explore the role of age in the association between PA and HRQOL in Shandong, China. Methods We investigated the relationship between PA and HRQOL and examined the moderated role of age in this association among adults with different age groups and physical activity levels. Data were obtained from the sixth China National Health Services Survey conducted in Shandong province in 2018. The multi-stage-stratified cluster random sampling method was used to selected respondents, with individuals aged 18 and above included in the present study. The tool of assessing HRQOL was the three-level EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). Results The study found PA was significantly related to HRQOL (P < 0.05). The interaction analysis indicated that the relationship between PA and HRQOL was significantly different across young, middle-aged, and older adults (P < 0.05). Older adults with the sufficient PA (coefficient = 0.090, 95%CI: [0.081, 0.100]) and active PA (coefficient = 0.057, 95%CI: [0.043, 0.072]) had significantly higher HRQOL compared with young and middle-aged groups. Conclusion PA was positively associated with HRQOL among the adults. Age played a moderate role between the association between PA and HRQOL. Guidelines for PA should be specifically tailored to adults of different age groups in order to enhance their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Jinan, China
| | - Yemin Yuan
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Statistics and Evaluation Department of Shandong Health Commission Medical Management Service Center, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- Statistics and Evaluation Department of Shandong Health Commission Medical Management Service Center, Jinan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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4
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Hansen D, Coninx K, Beckers P, Cornelissen V, Kouidi E, Neunhauserer D, Niebauer J, Spruit MA, Takken T, Dendale P. Appropriate exercise prescription in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: why this skill remains to be improved among clinicians and healthcare professionals. A call for action from the EXPERT Network†. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1986-1995. [PMID: 37458001 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In Europe alone, on a yearly basis, millions of people need an appropriate exercise prescription to prevent the occurrence or progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A general exercise recommendation can be provided to these individuals (at least 150 min of moderate-intensity endurance exercise, spread over 3-5 days/week, complemented by dynamic moderate-intensity resistance exercise 2 days/week). However, recent evidence shows that this one size does not fit all and that individual adjustments should be made according to the patient's underlying disease(s), risk profile, and individual needs, to maximize the clinical benefits of exercise. In this paper, we (i) argue that this general exercise prescription simply provided to all patients with CVD, or elevated risk for CVD, is insufficient for optimal CVD prevention, and (ii) show that clinicians and healthcare professionals perform heterogeneously when asked to adjust exercise characteristics (e.g. intensity, volume, and type) according to the patient's condition, thereby leading to suboptimal CVD risk factor control. Since exercise training is a class 1A intervention in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, the awareness of the need to improve exercise prescription has to be raised among clinicians and healthcare professionals if optimized prevention of CVD is ambitioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hansen
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, BIOMED (Biomedical Research Institute) and REVAL (Rehabilitation Research Centre), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karin Coninx
- UHasselt, Human-Computer Interaction and eHealth, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul Beckers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Véronique Cornelissen
- Research group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department Rehabilitation Sciences, University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Neunhauserer
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Rehab-Center Salzburg, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research & Education; CIRO+, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn/Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- Division of Pediatrics, Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Dendale
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, BIOMED (Biomedical Research Institute) and REVAL (Rehabilitation Research Centre), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Knappett H, Haines M. Effects of Time-Efficient Occupational Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e785-e790. [PMID: 37757773 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For a cohort of operational firefighters, we assessed the effects of workplace-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Fifteen firefighters performed HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training for 4 weeks. Outcomes were peak oxygen uptake, time trial performance, and affective (pleasure/displeasure) responses to exercise. RESULTS There was an increase in peak oxygen uptake for both conditions, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06, η2 = 0.26) and time trial performance improved for both groups (2%, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.51). Affective responses were more favorable for HIIT, but both conditions avoided excessive sensations of displeasure. CONCLUSION Results suggest that workplace-based HIIT improved fitness and performance to a similar magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous training while avoiding overly negative affective responses and could improve occupational health of firefighters, despite reduced time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Knappett
- From the Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport, and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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6
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Langston PK, Sun Y, Ryback BA, Mueller AL, Spiegelman BM, Benoist C, Mathis D. Regulatory T cells shield muscle mitochondria from interferon-γ-mediated damage to promote the beneficial effects of exercise. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadi5377. [PMID: 37922340 PMCID: PMC10860652 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances physical performance and reduces the risk of many disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Exercise characteristically incites an inflammatory response, notably in skeletal muscles. Although some effector mechanisms have been identified, regulatory elements activated in response to exercise remain obscure. Here, we have addressed the roles of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the healthful activities of exercise via immunologic, transcriptomic, histologic, metabolic, and biochemical analyses of acute and chronic exercise models in mice. Exercise rapidly induced expansion of the muscle Treg compartment, thereby guarding against overexuberant production of interferon-γ and consequent metabolic disruptions, particularly mitochondrial aberrancies. The performance-enhancing effects of exercise training were dampened in the absence of Tregs. Thus, exercise is a natural Treg booster with therapeutic potential in disease and aging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kent Langston
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Birgitta A. Ryback
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Amber L. Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M. Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
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7
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Wang Y, Li H, Hou L, Wang S, Kang X, Yu J, Tian F, Ni W, Deng X, Liu T, You Y, Chen W. Genome-wide association study on coordination and agility in 461 Chinese Han males. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19268. [PMID: 37654465 PMCID: PMC10465941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that genetic factors can influence human athletic performance. In many sports performances, excellent coordination and agility are the keys to mastery. However, few studies have been devoted to identifying genetic influences on athletic performance. Methods: We generated a derived measure of coordination and agility from the data of hexagonal jumps and T-runs and conducted genome-wide association and meta-analysis studies focused on coordination and agility. Results: The phenotypic correlation and genetic covariance analysis indicated that hexagonal jumps and T-runs were possibly influenced by the same set of genetic factors (R = 0.27, genetic covariance = 0.59). Meta-analysis identified rs117047321 genome-wide significant association (N = 143, P < 10E-5) with coordination and agility, and this association was replicated in the replication group (N = 318, P < 0.05). The CG genotype samples of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) required a longer average movement time than the CC genotype samples, and the CG genotype only exists in Asia, which may belong to the East Asia-specific variation. This SNP is located on MYO5B, which is highly expressed in tissues such as the brain, heart, and muscle, suggesting that this locus might be a genetic factor related to human energy metabolism. Conclusion: Our study indicated that genetic factors can affect the athletic performance of coordination and agility. These findings may provide valuable insights for using genetic factors to evaluate sports characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (China National Center for Bioinformation), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Yu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fenfen Tian
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Ni
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (China National Center for Bioinformation), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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LaRocca TJ, Smith ME, Freeberg KA, Craighead DH, Helmuth T, Robinson MM, Nair KS, Bryan AD, Seals DR. Novel whole blood transcriptome signatures of changes in maximal aerobic capacity in response to endurance exercise training in healthy women. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:338-344. [PMID: 37335021 PMCID: PMC10396280 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximal aerobic exercise capacity [maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max)] is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality. Aerobic exercise training can increase V̇o2max, but inter-individual variability is marked and unexplained physiologically. The mechanisms underlying this variability have major clinical implications for extending human healthspan. Here, we report a novel transcriptome signature related to ΔV̇o2max with exercise training detected in whole blood RNA. We used RNA-Seq to characterize transcriptomic signatures of ΔV̇o2max in healthy women who completed a 16-wk randomized controlled trial comparing supervised, higher versus lower aerobic exercise training volume and intensity (4 training groups, fully crossed). We found significant baseline gene expression differences in subjects who responded to aerobic exercise training with robust versus little/no ΔV̇o2max, and differentially expressed genes/transcripts were mostly related to inflammatory signaling and mitochondrial function/protein translation. Baseline gene expression signatures associated with robust versus little/no ΔV̇o2max were also modulated by exercise training in a dose-dependent manner, and they predicted ΔV̇o2max in this and a separate dataset. Collectively, our data demonstrate the potential utility of using whole blood transcriptomics to study the biology of inter-individual variability in responsiveness to the same exercise training stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Kaitlin A Freeberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Timothy Helmuth
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Stokes T, Cen HH, Kapranov P, Gallagher IJ, Pitsillides AA, Volmar C, Kraus WE, Johnson JD, Phillips SM, Wahlestedt C, Timmons JA. Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200024. [PMID: 37288167 PMCID: PMC10242409 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the human genome empowers translational medicine, facilitating transcriptome-wide molecular diagnosis, pathway biology, and drug repositioning. Initially, microarrays are used to study the bulk transcriptome; but now short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) predominates. Positioned as a superior technology, that makes the discovery of novel transcripts routine, most RNA-seq analyses are in fact modeled on the known transcriptome. Limitations of the RNA-seq methodology have emerged, while the design of, and the analysis strategies applied to, arrays have matured. An equitable comparison between these technologies is provided, highlighting advantages that modern arrays hold over RNA-seq. Array protocols more accurately quantify constitutively expressed protein coding genes across tissue replicates, and are more reliable for studying lower expressed genes. Arrays reveal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are neither sparsely nor lower expressed than protein coding genes. Heterogeneous coverage of constitutively expressed genes observed with RNA-seq, undermines the validity and reproducibility of pathway analyses. The factors driving these observations, many of which are relevant to long-read or single-cell sequencing are discussed. As proposed herein, a reappreciation of bulk transcriptomic methods is required, including wider use of the modern high-density array data-to urgently revise existing anatomical RNA reference atlases and assist with more accurate study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Stokes
- Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonL8S 4L8Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH11 4BNUK
| | | | | | | | - James D. Johnson
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | | | - James A. Timmons
- Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33136USA
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
- Augur Precision Medicine LTDStirlingFK9 5NFUK
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Reuter M, Rosenberger F, Barz A, Venhorst A, Blanz L, Hecksteden A, Meyer T. Does Higher Intensity Increase the Rate of Responders to Endurance Training When Total Energy Expenditure Remains Constant? A Randomized Controlled Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37209213 PMCID: PMC10199994 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardized training prescriptions often result in large variation in training response with a substantial number of individuals that show little or no response at all. The present study examined whether the response in markers of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to moderate intensity endurance training can be elevated by an increase in training intensity. METHODS Thirty-one healthy, untrained participants (46 ± 8 years, BMI 25.4 ± 3.3 kg m-2 and [Formula: see text]O2max 34 ± 4 mL min-1 kg-1) trained for 10 weeks with moderate intensity (3 day week-1 for 50 min per session at 55% HRreserve). Hereafter, the allocation into two groups was performed by stratified randomization for age, gender and VO2max response. CON (continuous moderate intensity) trained for another 16 weeks at moderate intensity, INC (increased intensity) trained energy-equivalent for 8 weeks at 70% HRreserve and then performed high-intensity interval training (4 × 4) for another 8 weeks. Responders were identified as participants with VO2max increase above the technical measurement error. RESULTS There was a significant difference in [Formula: see text]O2max response between INC (3.4 ± 2.7 mL kg-1 min-1) and CON (0.4 ± 2.9 mL kg-1 min-1) after 26 weeks of training (P = 0.020). After 10 weeks of moderate training, in total 16 of 31 participants were classified as VO2max responders (52%). After another 16 weeks continuous moderate intensity training, no further increase of responders was observed in CON. In contrast, the energy equivalent training with increasing training intensity in INC significantly (P = 0.031) increased the number of responders to 13 of 15 (87%). The energy equivalent higher training intensities increased the rate of responders more effectively than continued moderate training intensities (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION High-intensity interval training increases the rate of response in VO2max to endurance training even when the total energy expenditure is held constant. Maintaining moderate endurance training intensities might not be the best choice to optimize training gains. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00031445, Registered 08 March 2023-Retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/DRKS00031445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reuter
- Insitute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Friederike Rosenberger
- German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Barz
- Insitute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Venhorst
- Insitute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Laura Blanz
- Insitute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Psychology and Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tim Meyer
- Insitute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Mavropalias G, Boppart M, Usher KM, Grounds MD, Nosaka K, Blazevich AJ. Exercise builds the scaffold of life: muscle extracellular matrix biomarker responses to physical activity, inactivity, and aging. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:481-519. [PMID: 36412213 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for muscle force production and the regulation of important physiological processes during growth, regeneration, and remodelling. ECM remodelling is a tightly orchestrated process, sensitive to multi-directional tensile and compressive stresses and damaging stimuli, and its assessment can convey important information on rehabilitation effectiveness, injury, and disease. Despite its profound importance, ECM biomarkers are underused in studies examining the effects of exercise, disuse, or aging on muscle function, growth, and structure. This review examines patterns of short- and long-term changes in the synthesis and concentrations of ECM markers in biofluids and tissues, which may be useful for describing the time course of ECM remodelling following physical activity and disuse. Forces imposed on the ECM during physical activity critically affect cell signalling while disuse causes non-optimal adaptations, including connective tissue proliferation. The goal of this review is to inform researchers, and rehabilitation, medical, and exercise practitioners better about the role of ECM biomarkers in research and clinical environments to accelerate the development of targeted physical activity treatments, improve ECM status assessment, and enhance function in aging, injury, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mavropalias
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, and Centre for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Marni Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 South Fourth St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kayley M Usher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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12
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Henrot P, Dupin I, Schilfarth P, Esteves P, Blervaque L, Zysman M, Gouzi F, Hayot M, Pomiès P, Berger P. Main Pathogenic Mechanisms and Recent Advances in COPD Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076454. [PMID: 37047427 PMCID: PMC10095391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide prevalent respiratory disease mainly caused by tobacco smoke exposure. COPD is now considered as a systemic disease with several comorbidities. Among them, skeletal muscle dysfunction affects around 20% of COPD patients and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Although the histological alterations are well characterized, including myofiber atrophy, a decreased proportion of slow-twitch myofibers, and a decreased capillarization and oxidative phosphorylation capacity, the molecular basis for muscle atrophy is complex and remains partly unknown. Major difficulties lie in patient heterogeneity, accessing patients' samples, and complex multifactorial process including extrinsic mechanisms, such as tobacco smoke or disuse, and intrinsic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, or systemic inflammation. Muscle wasting is also a highly dynamic process whose investigation is hampered by the differential protein regulation according to the stage of atrophy. In this review, we report and discuss recent data regarding the molecular alterations in COPD leading to impaired muscle mass, including inflammation, hypoxia and hypercapnia, mitochondrial dysfunction, diverse metabolic changes such as oxidative and nitrosative stress and genetic and epigenetic modifications, all leading to an impaired anabolic/catabolic balance in the myocyte. We recapitulate data concerning skeletal muscle dysfunction obtained in the different rodent models of COPD. Finally, we propose several pathways that should be investigated in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Schilfarth
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Léo Blervaque
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maéva Zysman
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
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13
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Sebastian S, Segal JP, Hedin C, Pellino G, Kotze PG, Adamina M, Campmans-Kuijpers M, Davies J, de Vries AC, Casbas AG, El-Hussuna A, Juillerat P, Meade S, Millán M, Spinelli A. ECCO Topical Review: Roadmap to Optimal Peri-Operative Care in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:153-169. [PMID: 36055337 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the advances in medical therapies, a significant proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] require surgical intervention. This Topical Review aims to offer expert consensus practice recommendations for peri-operative care to optimize outcomes of IBD patients who undergo surgery. METHODS A multidisciplinary panel of IBD healthcare providers systematically reviewed aspects relevant to peri-operative care in IBD. Consensus statements were developed using Delphi methodology. RESULTS A total of 20 current practice positions were developed following systematic review of the current literature covering use of medication in the peri-operative period, nutritional assessment and intervention, physical and psychological rehabilitation and prehabilitation, and immediate postoperative care. CONCLUSION Peri-operative planning and optimization of the patient are imperative to ensure favourable outcomes and reduced morbidity. This Topical Review provides practice recommendations applicable in the peri-operative period in IBD patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Jonathan P Segal
- Northern Hospital Epping, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hedin
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Paulo Gustavo Kotze
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná [PUCPR], Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Michel Adamina
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justin Davies
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Gutiérrez Casbas
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL and CIBERehd, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alaa El-Hussuna
- OpenSourceResearch organisation (osrc.network), Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Meade
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Monica Millán
- General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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14
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Leońska-Duniec A, Borczyk M, Piechota M, Korostyński M, Brodkiewicz A, Cięszczyk P. TTN Variants Are Associated with Physical Performance and Provide Potential Markers for Sport-Related Phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10173. [PMID: 36011809 PMCID: PMC9408402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TTN encodes the third myofilament, titin, which plays structural, mechanical, regulatory, and developmental roles in sarcomeres. The aim of this research was to determine the interaction between novel and previously described TTN variants and athletic performance, as well as competition level, in Caucasians. Firstly, 100 athletes and 47 controls were recruited, and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Secondly, 348 athletes (108 endurance, 100 sprint/power, 140 mixed-sport athletes) and 403 volunteers were included, and real-time PCR was performed. We found a significant overrepresentation of the rs10497520 CT and TT genotypes in the sprint/power athlete group (95% CI, 1.41-3.66, p = 0.0013). The rs10497520 T carriers were 2.17 times more likely to become sprint/power athletes (95% CI 1.35-3.49, p = 0.0021). We also found that the likelihood of having the TT genotype was higher for the highly elite and sub-elite sprint/power athletes. Possessing at least one TAA (rs10497520, rs55837610, rs72648256) haplotype resulted in an increase in the log-odds ratio by 0.80 (p = 0.0015), 1.42 (p = 0.003), and 0.77 (p = 0.044) for all, highly elite, and sub-elite sprint/power athletes, respectively. We demonstrated that harbouring the rs10497520 T allele, individually and in a haplotype combination, increased the chance of being an elite sprint/power athlete, indicating that this allele may be favourable for sprint/power performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brodkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialisotherapy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Raleigh SM, Kelaiditi E, Hill M. Altered mitochondrial microenvironment at the spotlight of musculoskeletal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11290. [PMID: 35788655 PMCID: PMC9253146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset with musculoskeletal aging via a muscle-brain crosstalk mediated by dysregulation of the mitochondrial microenvironment. This study investigated gene expression profiles from skeletal muscle tissues of older healthy adults to identify potential gene biomarkers whose dysregulated expression and protein interactome were involved in AD. Screening of the literature resulted in 12 relevant microarray datasets (GSE25941, GSE28392, GSE28422, GSE47881, GSE47969, GSE59880) in musculoskeletal aging and (GSE4757, GSE5281, GSE16759, GSE28146, GSE48350, GSE84422) in AD. Retrieved differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct two unique protein-protein interaction networks and clustering gene modules were identified. Overlapping module DEGs in the musculoskeletal aging and AD networks were ranked based on 11 topological algorithms and the five highest-ranked ones were considered as hub genes. The analysis revealed that the dysregulated expression of the mitochondrial microenvironment genes, NDUFAB1, UQCRC1, UQCRFS1, NDUFS3, and MRPL15, overlapped between both musculoskeletal aging and AD networks. Thus, these genes may have a potential role as markers of AD occurrence in musculoskeletal aging. Human studies are warranted to evaluate the functional role and prognostic value of these genes in aging populations with sarcopenia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK. .,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Medicine Research Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Eirini Kelaiditi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Mathew Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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16
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Burden SJ, Weedon BD, Turner A, Whaymand L, Meaney A, Dawes H, Jones A. Intensity and Duration of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188268. [PMID: 35694877 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-056003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is no clear guidance on the intensity and duration of physical activity (PA) that adolescents require to maximise cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We aimed to determine the strength of associations between each PA intensity and CRF, independently of other intensities, and the PA duration at each intensity associated with maximal CRF. METHODS PA and CRF were assessed in 339 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years by wrist-worn accelerometers and 20-m shuttle runs, respectively. Partial regression modeling was used to construct residualized PA variables at each PA intensity that were uncorrelated with each other. Moving average models were optimally fitted to determine relationships between residualized PA variables and CRF. Threshold regression models determined the duration of PA above which CRF improvement was minimal. RESULTS Greater vigorous PA (VPA) was associated with better CRF until about 20 minutes of daily VPA, when the relationship plateaued. Moderate and light PA, and sedentary time were not associated with CRF in partial models. Adolescents performing 14 (range 12-17) minutes of daily VPA had median CRF. Participants in the upper quartile of VPA had 1.03 z-scores higher CRF than those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 1.30). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 20 minutes of daily VPA may be best for maximizing CRF in adolescence. As moderate-to-vigorous PA guidelines can be satisfied by only undertaking moderate PA, with no apparent independent benefit, we suggest that future guidelines focus on VPA alone, simplifying public health messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joseph Burden
- Department of Paediatrics, Level 2 Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin David Weedon
- Department of Paediatrics, Level 2 Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Turner
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Whaymand
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Meaney
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Dawes
- Department of Paediatrics, Level 2 Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Jones
- Department of Paediatrics, Level 2 Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Bell LR, Gabbett TJ, Davis GM, Wallen MP, O’Brien BJ. Stubborn Exercise Responders-Where to Next? Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060095. [PMID: 35736835 PMCID: PMC9229615 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non-response to cardio-respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with trainability. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non-invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable optimization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo R. Bell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Tim J. Gabbett
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD 4011, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Davis
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Matthew P. Wallen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Brendan J. O’Brien
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia; (L.R.B.); (T.J.G.); (G.M.D.); (M.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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19
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MacDonald TL, Pattamaprapanont P, Cooney EM, Nava RC, Mitri J, Hafida S, Lessard SJ. Canagliflozin Prevents Hyperglycemia-Associated Muscle Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Improves the Adaptive Response to Aerobic Exercise. Diabetes 2022; 71:881-893. [PMID: 35108373 PMCID: PMC9044131 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with low response to aerobic exercise training in rodent models and humans, including reduced aerobic exercise capacity and impaired oxidative remodeling in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether glucose lowering with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), canagliflozin (Cana; 30 mg/kg/day), could restore exercise training response in a model of hyperglycemia (low-dose streptozotocin [STZ]). Cana effectively prevented increased blood glucose in STZ-treated mice. After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, Cana-treated mice displayed improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, higher capillary density in striated muscle, and a more oxidative fiber-type in skeletal muscle. In contrast, these responses were blunted or absent in STZ-treated mice. Recent work implicates glucose-induced accumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and hyperactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/SMAD2 mechanical signaling as potential mechanisms underlying poor exercise response. In line with this, muscle ECM accretion was prevented by Cana in STZ-treated mice. JNK/SMAD2 signaling with acute exercise was twofold higher in STZ compared with control but was normalized by Cana. In human participants, ECM accumulation was associated with increased JNK signaling, low VO2peak, and impaired metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity). These data demonstrate that hyperglycemia-associated impairments in exercise adaptation can be ameliorated by cotherapy with SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. MacDonald
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Roberto C. Nava
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Mitri
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samar Hafida
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah J. Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Sarah J. Lessard,
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20
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Varillas-Delgado D, Del Coso J, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Muñoz A, Maestro A, Morencos E. Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1811-1830. [PMID: 35428907 PMCID: PMC9012664 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetics on physiology and sports performance is one of the most debated research aspects in sports sciences. Nearly 200 genetic polymorphisms have been found to influence sports performance traits, and over 20 polymorphisms may condition the status of the elite athlete. However, with the current evidence, it is certainly too early a stage to determine how to use genotyping as a tool for predicting exercise/sports performance or improving current methods of training. Research on this topic presents methodological limitations such as the lack of measurement of valid exercise performance phenotypes that make the study results difficult to interpret. Additionally, many studies present an insufficient cohort of athletes, or their classification as elite is dubious, which may introduce expectancy effects. Finally, the assessment of a progressively higher number of polymorphisms in the studies and the introduction of new analysis tools, such as the total genotype score (TGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have produced a considerable advance in the power of the analyses and a change from the study of single variants to determine pathways and systems associated with performance. The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively review evidence on the impact of genetics on endurance- and power-based exercise performance to clearly determine the potential utility of genotyping for detecting sports talent, enhancing training, or preventing exercise-related injuries, and to present an overview of recent research that has attempted to correct the methodological issues found in previous investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Varillas-Delgado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Millán Aguilar-Navarro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Morencos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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22
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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23
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Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Witard OC, Peckham D, Ispoglou T. Aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis at the crossroad of musculoskeletal ageing and non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273766. [PMID: 36067173 PMCID: PMC9447904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is accompanied by muscle atrophy, sharing multiple common catabolic pathways with sarcopenia, including mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated gene expression from skeletal muscle tissues of older healthy adults, who are at risk of age-related sarcopenia, to identify potential gene biomarkers whose dysregulated expression and protein interference were involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Screening of the literature resulted in 14 microarray datasets (GSE25941, GSE28392, GSE28422, GSE47881, GSE47969, GSE59880 in musculoskeletal ageing; GSE118370, GSE33532, GSE19804, GSE18842, GSE27262, GSE19188, GSE31210, GSE40791 in NSCLC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks and retrieve clustering gene modules. Overlapping module DEGs were ranked based on 11 topological algorithms and were correlated with prognosis, tissue expression, and tumour purity in NSCLC. The analysis revealed that the dysregulated expression of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S26 (MRPS26), Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S17 (MRPS17), Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L18 (MRPL18) and Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L51 (MRPL51) were linked to reduced survival and tumour purity in NSCLC while tissue expression of the same genes followed an opposite direction in healthy older adults. These results support a potential link between the mitochondrial ribosomal microenvironment in ageing muscle and NSCLC. Further studies comparing changes in sarcopenia and NSCLC associated cachexia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Oliver C. Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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24
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Response to the Comment on "The Impact of Prehabilitation on Patient Outcomes in Hepatobiliary, Colorectal and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A PRISMA-Accordant Meta-analysis". Ann Surg 2021; 274:e932-e933. [PMID: 34784681 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Aragón-Vela J, Solis-Urra P, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Olivares-Arancibia J, Plaza-Diaz J. Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113999. [PMID: 34836254 PMCID: PMC8624603 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and both actions could neutralize the obesity progression and diminish body weight. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the relationship between physical activity profiles and gut microbiota and in obesity and some associated comorbidities. Promoting physical activity could support as a treatment to maintain the gut microbiota composition or to restore the balance toward an improvement of dysbiosis in obesity; however, these mechanisms need to be studied in more detail. The opportunity to control the microbiota by physical activity to improve health results and decrease obesity and related comorbidities is very attractive. Nevertheless, several incompletely answered questions need to be addressed before this strategy can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.-V.); (J.P.-D.); Tel.: +34-958220319 (J.A.-V.); +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.)
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.A.-V.); (J.P.-D.); Tel.: +34-958220319 (J.A.-V.); +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.)
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26
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Hanscombe KB, Persyn E, Traylor M, Glanville KP, Hamer M, Coleman JRI, Lewis CM. The genetic case for cardiorespiratory fitness as a clinical vital sign and the routine prescription of physical activity in healthcare. Genome Med 2021; 13:180. [PMID: 34753499 PMCID: PMC8579601 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are well-established predictors of morbidity and all-cause mortality. However, CRF is not routinely measured and PA not routinely prescribed as part of standard healthcare. The American Heart Association (AHA) recently presented a scientific case for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign based on epidemiological and clinical observation. Here, we leverage genetic data in the UK Biobank (UKB) to strengthen the case for CRF as a vital sign and make a case for the prescription of PA. METHODS We derived two CRF measures from the heart rate data collected during a submaximal cycle ramp test: CRF-vo2max, an estimate of the participants' maximum volume of oxygen uptake, per kilogram of body weight, per minute; and CRF-slope, an estimate of the rate of increase of heart rate during exercise. Average PA over a 7-day period was derived from a wrist-worn activity tracker. After quality control, 70,783 participants had data on the two derived CRF measures, and 89,683 had PA data. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses by sex, and post-GWAS techniques to understand genetic architecture of the traits and prioritise functional genes for follow-up. RESULTS We found strong evidence that genetic variants associated with CRF and PA influenced genetic expression in a relatively small set of genes in the heart, artery, lung, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These functionally relevant genes were enriched among genes known to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (three of the top 10 causes of death in high-income countries) as well as Parkinson's disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory phenotypes. Genetic variation associated with lower CRF and PA was also correlated with several disease risk factors (including greater body mass index, body fat and multiple obesity phenotypes); a typical T2D profile (including higher insulin resistance, higher fasting glucose, impaired beta-cell function, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia); increased risk for CAD and T2D; and a shorter lifespan. CONCLUSIONS Genetics supports three decades of evidence for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign. Given the genetic, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking CRF and PA to increased morbidity and mortality, regular measurement of CRF as a marker of health and routine prescription of PA could be a prudent strategy to support public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken B Hanscombe
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK. .,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kylie P Glanville
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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28
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Verwijs SM, Pinto YM, Kuster DW, van der Velden J, Limpens J, van Hattum JC, van der Crabben SN, Lekanne Deprez RH, Wilde AA, Jørstad HT. Beneficial Effects of Cardiomyopathy-Associated Genetic Variants on Physical Performance: A Hypothesis-Generating Scoping Review. Cardiology 2021; 147:90-97. [PMID: 34706369 PMCID: PMC8985030 DOI: 10.1159/000520471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants associated with cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are prevalent in the general population. In young athletes, CMPs account for roughly a quarter of sudden cardiac death, with further unexplained clustering in specific sports. Consequently, most CMPs form a contraindication for competitive sports. We hypothesized that genetic variants might (paradoxically) improve physical performance early in life while impairing cardiac function later in life. METHODS Systematic PubMed search was done to investigate whether genetic variants in genes associated with CMPs could be related to beneficial performance phenotypes. SUMMARY In a limited number of studies (n = 6), 2,860 individuals/subjects with genetic variants were able to outperform those without said variants, as measured by running speed (∼38 m/min in heterozygous [HET] mice, n = 6, vs. ∼32 m/min in wild type [WT] mice, n = 7, p = 0.004) and distance (966 ± 169 km HET mice vs. 561 ± 144 km WT mice, p = 0.0035, n = 10), elite athlete status in endurance athletes (n = 1,672, p = 1.43 × 10-8), maximal oxygen uptake in elite athletes (absolute difference not provided, n = 32, p = 0.005), maximal oxygen uptake in unrelated individuals (n = 473, p = 0.0025), personal records in highly trained marathon runners (2:26:28 ± 0:06:23 min HET, n = 32, vs. 2:28:53 ± 0:05:50 min without polymorphism, n = 108, p = 0.020), and peripheral muscle force contraction in patients following a cardiac rehabilitation program (absolute values not provided, n = 260). Key Message: Beneficial effects in genetic variants associated with CMPs could hypothetically play a role in the selection of young athletes, consequently explaining the prevalence of such genetic variants in athletes and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd M. Verwijs
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M. Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W.D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette C. van Hattum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald H. Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald T. Jørstad
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stroh AM, Lynch CE, Lester BE, Minchev K, Chambers TL, Montenegro CF, Chavez Martinez C, Fountain WA, Trappe TA, Trappe SW. Human adipose and skeletal muscle tissue DNA, RNA, and protein content. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1370-1379. [PMID: 34435508 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to provide a profile of DNA, RNA, and protein content in adipose tissue, which is relatively understudied in humans, to gain more insight into the amount of tissue that may be required for various analyses. Skeletal muscle tissue was also investigated to provide a direct comparison into potential differences between these two highly metabolically active tissues. Basal adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained from 10 (7 M, 3 W) recreationally active participants [25 ± 1 yr; 84 ± 3 kg, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 3.5 ± 0.2 L/min, body fat: 29 ± 2%]. DNA, RNA, and protein were extracted and subsequently analyzed for quantity and quality. DNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 52 ± 14 and 189 ± 44 ng DNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). RNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 46 ± 14 and 537 ± 72 ng RNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). Protein content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 4 ± 1 and 177 ± 10 µg protein·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, human adipose had 28% of the DNA, 9% of the RNA, and 2% of the protein found in skeletal muscle per mg of tissue. This information should be useful across a wide range of human clinical investigation designs and various laboratory analyses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation studied DNA, RNA, and protein contents of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues from young active individuals. A series of optimization steps were investigated to aid in determining the optimal approach to extract high-yield and high-quality biomolecules. These findings contribute to the knowledge gap in adipose tissue requirements for molecular biology assays, which is of increasing importance due to the growing interest in adipose tissue research involving human exercise physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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Abstract
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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31
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Jacques M, Landen S, Alvarez Romero J, Yan X, Garnham A, Hiam D, Siegwald M, Mercier E, Hecksteden A, Eynon N, Voisin S. Individual physiological and mitochondrial responses during 12 weeks of intensified exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14962. [PMID: 34327858 PMCID: PMC8322753 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Observed effects of exercise are highly variable between individuals, and subject-by-training interaction (i.e., individual response variability) is often not estimated. Here, we measured mitochondrial (citrate synthetase, cytochrome-c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial copy-number), performance markers (Wpeak , lactate threshold [LT], and VO2peak ), and fiber type proportions/expression (type I, type IIa, and type IIx) in multiple time points during 12-week of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to investigate effects of exercise at the individual level. METHODS Sixteen young (age: 33.1 ± 9.0 years), healthy men (VO2peak 35-60 ml/min/kg and BMI: 26.4 ± 4.2) from the Gene SMART study completed 12-week of progressive HIIT. Performance markers and muscle biopsies were collected every 4 weeks. We used mixed-models and bivariate growth models to quantify individual response and to estimate correlations between variables. RESULTS All performance markers exhibited significant (Wpeak 0.56 ± 0.33 p = 0.003, LT 0.37 ± 0.35 p = 0.007, VO2peak 3.81 ± 6.13 p = 0.02) increases overtime, with subject-by-training interaction being present (95% CI: Wpeak 0.09-0.24, LT 0.06-0.18, VO2peak 0.27-2.32). All other measurements did not exhibit significant changes. Fiber type IIa proportions at baseline was significantly associated with all physiological variables (p < 0.05), and citrate synthetase and cytochrome-c oxidase levels at baseline and overtime (i.e., intercept and slope) presented significant covariance (p < 0.05). Finally, low correlations between performance and mitochondrial markers were observed. CONCLUSION We identified a significant subject-by-training interaction for the performance markers. While for all other measures within-subject variability was too large and interindividual differences in training efficacy could not be verified. Changes in measurements in response to exercise were not correlated, and such disconnection should be further investigated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive MedicineSaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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32
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Ardavani A, Aziz H, Phillips BE, Doleman B, Ramzan I, Mozaffar B, Atherton PJ, Idris I. Indicators of response to exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044676. [PMID: 34301648 PMCID: PMC8728353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Means-based analysis of maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) has traditionally been used as the exercise response indicator to assess the efficacy of endurance (END), high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance exercise training (RET) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body health. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in the interindividual variability response to the same or different training modalities. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate exercise response rates in the context of VO2max: (1) in each training modality (END, HIIT and RET) versus controls, (2) in END versus either HIIT or RET and (3) exercise response rates as measured by VO2max versus other indicators of positive exercise response in each exercise modality. METHODS Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL) and additional sources were searched. Both individual response rate and population average data were incorporated through continuous data, respectively. Of 3268 identified manuscripts, a total of 29 studies were suitable for qualitative synthesis and a further 22 for quantitative. Stratification based on intervention duration (less than 12 weeks; more than or equal to 12 weeks) was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 62 data points were procured. Both END and HIIT training exhibited differential improvements in VO2max based on intervention duration. VO2max did not adequately differentiate between END and HIIT, irrespective of intervention length. Although none of the other exercise response indicators achieved statistical significance, LT and HRrest demonstrated common trajectories in pooled and separate analyses between modalities. RET data were highly limited. Heterogeneity was ubiquitous across all analyses. CONCLUSIONS The potential for LT and HRrest as indicators of exercise response requires further elucidation, in addition to the exploration of interventional and intrinsic sources of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ardavani
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Hariz Aziz
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Brett Doleman
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Imran Ramzan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Boshra Mozaffar
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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34
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Kayser B, De Block A. Would Relaxation of the Anti-doping Rule Lead to Red Queen Effects? SPORT, ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17511321.2020.1770846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Synathlon, Uni-Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Lambert JE, Hayes LD, Keegan TJ, Subar DA, Gaffney CJ. The Impact of Prehabilitation on Patient Outcomes in Hepatobiliary, Colorectal, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A PRISMA-Accordant Meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2021; 274:70-77. [PMID: 33201129 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of prehabilitation on hospital length of stay, functional capacity, complications, and mortality after surgery in patients with hepatobiliary, colorectal, and upper gastrointestinal cancer. BACKGROUND "Prehabilitation" encompasses exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial interventions to optimize health before surgery. The benefits of prehabilitation are ill-defined. METHODS Medline, Embase and Cochrane Databases were searched systematically for the terms "prehabilitation AND exercise," "perioperative care AND cancer surgery," and "colorectal AND hepatobiliary AND hepatopancreatobiliary AND esophagogastric AND recovery AND outcomes." Primary outcomes analyzed were hospital length of stay, functional capacity, significant postoperative complications (Clavien Dindo ≥ III), and mortality. A meta-analysis was conducted on the effect of all-modality prehabilitation for patients with colorectal, hepatopancreatobiliary and upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery using the raw mean difference, risk difference, and a random-effects model. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy seven original titles were identified. Fifteen studies (randomized controlled trials; n = 9 and uncontrolled trials; n = 6) were included in the meta-analysis. Prehabilitation reduced hospital length of stay by 1.78 days versus standard care (95% CI: -3.36, -0.20, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in functional capacity with prehabilitation determined using the 6-minute walk test (P = 0.816) and no significant reduction in postoperative complications (P = 0.378) or mortality rates (P = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS Prehabilitation was associated with reduced hospital length of stay but had no effect on functional capacity, postoperative complications, or mortality rates. Thus, prehabilitation should be recommended to accelerate recovery from cancer surgery, demonstrated by reduced hospital length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Lambert
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, United Kingdom
- East Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn BB2 3HH, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Blantyre G72 0LH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Keegan
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Daren A Subar
- East Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn BB2 3HH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, United Kingdom
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36
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Endo Y, Zhang Y, Olumi S, Karvar M, Argawal S, Neppl RL, Sinha I. Exercise-induced gene expression changes in skeletal muscle of old mice. Genomics 2021; 113:2965-2976. [PMID: 34214629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is believed to be beneficial for skeletal muscle functions across all ages. Regimented exercise is often prescribed as an effective treatment/prophylaxis for age-related loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and plays an important role in the maintenance of mobility and functional independence in the elderly. However, response to exercise declines with aging, resulting in limited gain of muscle strength and endurance. These changes likely reflect age-dependent alterations in transcriptional response underlying the muscular adaptation to exercise. The exact changes in gene expression accompanying exercise, however, are largely unknown, and elucidating them is of a great clinical interest for understanding and optimizing the exercise-based therapies for sarcopenia. In order to characterize the exercise-induced transcriptomic changes in aged muscle, a paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on rRNA-depleted total RNA extracted from the gastrocnemius muscles of 24 months-old mice after 8 weeks of regimented exercise (exercise group) or no formal exercise program (sedentary group). Differential gene expression analysis of aged skeletal muscle revealed upregulations in the group of genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroexcitation, as well as equally notable absence of anabolic gene upregulations in the exercise group. In particular, genes encoding the transporters and receptor components of glutaminergic transmission were significantly upregulated in exercised muscles, as exemplified by Gria 1, Gria 2 and Grin2c encoding glutamate receptor 1, 2 and 2C respectively, Grin1 and Grin2b encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), Nptx1 responsible for glutaminergic receptor clustering, and Slc1a2 and Slc17a7 regulating synaptic uptake of glutamate. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the post-synaptic density of NMDARs and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), as well as their innervation at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results suggest that neural responses predominate the adaptive response of aged skeletal muscle to exercise, and indicate a possibility that glutaminergic transmission at NMJs may be present and responsible for synaptic protection and neural remodeling accompanying the exercise-induced functional enhancement in aged skeletal muscle. In addition, the absence of upregulations in the anabolic pathways highlights them as the area of potential pharmacological targeting for optimizing exercise-led sarcopenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shayan Olumi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shailesh Argawal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Abstract
Since ancient times, the health benefits of regular physical activity/exercise have been recognized and the classic studies of Morris and Paffenbarger provided the epidemiological evidence in support of such an association. Cardiorespiratory fitness, often measured by maximal oxygen uptake, and habitual physical activity levels are inversely related to mortality. Thus, studies exploring the biological bases of the health benefits of exercise have largely focused on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle (mass and metabolism), although there is increasing evidence that multiple tissues and organ systems are influenced by regular exercise. Communication between contracting skeletal muscle and multiple organs has been implicated in exercise benefits, as indeed has other interorgan "cross-talk." The application of molecular biology techniques and "omics" approaches to questions in exercise biology has opened new lines of investigation to better understand the beneficial effects of exercise and, in so doing, inform the optimization of exercise regimens and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Davis AE, Smyers ME, Beltz L, Mehta DM, Britton SL, Koch LG, Novak CM. Differential weight loss with intermittent fasting or daily calorie restriction in low- and high-fitness phenotypes. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1731-1742. [PMID: 34086376 DOI: 10.1113/ep089434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does intrinsic aerobic capacity impact weight loss with 50% daily caloric restriction and alternate-day fasting? What is the main finding and its importance? Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss in rats with low fitness, which highlights the importance of how intermittent fasting interacts with aerobic fitness. ABSTRACT Recent interest has focused on the benefits of time-restricted feeding strategies, including intermittent fasting, for weight loss. It is not yet known whether intermittent fasting is more effective than daily caloric restriction at stimulating weight loss and how each is subject to individual differences. Here, rat models of leanness and obesity, artificially selected for intrinsically high (HCR) and low (LCR) aerobic capacity, were subjected to intermittent fasting and 50% calorie restrictive diets in two separate experiments using male rats. The lean, high-fitness HCR and obesity-prone, low-fitness LCR rats underwent 50% caloric restriction while body weight and composition were monitored. The low-fitness LCR rats were better able to retain lean mass than the high-fitness HCR rats, without significantly different proportional loss of weight or fat. In a separate experiment using intermittent fasting in male HCR and LCR rats, alternate-day fasting induced significantly greater loss of weight and fat mass in LCR compared with HCR rats, although the HCR rats had a more marked reduction in ad libitum daily food intake. Altogether, this suggests that intermittent fasting is an effective weight-loss strategy for those with low intrinsic aerobic fitness; however, direct comparison of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting is warranted to determine any differential effects on energy expenditure in lean and obesity-prone phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Davis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E Smyers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Beltz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Devanshi M Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Colleen M Novak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Robbins JM, Peterson B, Schranner D, Tahir UA, Rienmüller T, Deng S, Keyes MJ, Katz DH, Beltran PMJ, Barber JL, Baumgartner C, Carr SA, Ghosh S, Shen C, Jennings LL, Ross R, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Gerszten RE. Human plasma proteomic profiles indicative of cardiorespiratory fitness. Nat Metab 2021; 3:786-797. [PMID: 34045743 PMCID: PMC9216203 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a direct measure of human cardiorespiratory fitness and is associated with health. However, the molecular determinants of interindividual differences in baseline (intrinsic) VO2max, and of increases of VO2max in response to exercise training (ΔVO2max), are largely unknown. Here, we measure ~5,000 plasma proteins using an affinity-based platform in over 650 sedentary adults before and after a 20-week endurance-exercise intervention and identify 147 proteins and 102 proteins whose plasma levels are associated with baseline VO2max and ΔVO2max, respectively. Addition of a protein biomarker score derived from these proteins to a score based on clinical traits improves the prediction of an individual's ΔVO2max. We validate findings in a separate exercise cohort, further link 21 proteins to incident all-cause mortality in a community-based cohort and reproduce the specificity of ~75% of our key findings using antibody-based assays. Taken together, our data shed light on biological pathways relevant to cardiorespiratory fitness and highlight the potential additive value of protein biomarkers in identifying exercise responsiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bennet Peterson
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Schranner
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa Rienmüller
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Shuliang Deng
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle J Keyes
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacob L Barber
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyu Shen
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107980. [PMID: 32755574 PMCID: PMC7408494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading of skeletal muscle changes the tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates the identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. A within-person differential loading and analysis strategy reduces heterogeneity for changes in muscle mass by ∼40% and uses a genome-wide transcriptome method that models each mRNA from coding exons and 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). Our strategy detects ∼3-4 times more regulated genes than similarly sized studies, including substantial UTR-selective regulation undetected by other methods. We discover a core of 141 genes correlated to muscle growth, which we validate from newly analyzed independent samples (n = 100). Further validating these identified genes via RNAi in primary muscle cells, we demonstrate that members of the core genes were regulators of protein synthesis. Using proteome-constrained networks and pathway analysis reveals notable relationships with the molecular characteristics of human muscle aging and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential drug therapies.
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Lin D, Potiaumpai M, Schmitz K, Sturgeon K. Increased Duration of Exercise Decreases Rate of Nonresponse to Exercise but May Not Decrease Risk for Cancer Mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:928-935. [PMID: 33044435 PMCID: PMC8026778 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have observed an inverse relationship between exercise and breast cancer risk. However, there is interindividual variability in response to exercise training interventions. We investigated whether increasing the dose of aerobic exercise (150 or 300 min·wk-1), while keeping intensity of exercise constant (70%-80% HRmax), decreases the number of exercise nonresponders and further decreases associated risk for cancer mortality in our study population of women genetically predisposed for breast cancer. METHODS Healthy premenopausal women at elevated risk of breast cancer were randomized into control (<75 min·wk-1, n = 47), low-dose exercise (150 min·wk-1, n = 39), and high-dose exercise groups (300 min·wk-1, n = 39) for approximately 6 months. We assessed 1) clinical effectiveness (CE), defined as an improvement in predicted V˙O2max of ≥1 mL·kg-1·min-1, and twice the typical error (2× TE) of V˙O2max as thresholds to classify exercise "nonresponders"; 2) CE and 2× TE relative to exercise adherence levels; and 3) related changes in V˙O2max to predicted cancer mortality risk. RESULTS After our 6-month intervention, we observed that 23.5% of women in the low-dose group and 5.6% of women in the high-dose group were clinical nonresponders (P = 0.04). Clinical nonresponder status was independent of adherence level. Associated reduction in risk for cancer mortality was observed among 87.2% of women in the low-dose group and 94.9% in the high-dose group (P = 0.43). CONCLUSION Increasing volume (not intensity) of exercise via time spent exercising significantly decreases the number of "nonresponders." True nonresponders were observed as some women did not improve their fitness capacity despite high exercise adherence levels. Lastly, it appears 150 min·wk-1 is sufficient to decrease the predicted risk of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Kritikaki E, Asterling R, Ward L, Padget K, Barreiro E, C. M. Simoes D. Exercise Training-Induced Extracellular Matrix Protein Adaptation in Locomotor Muscles: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051022. [PMID: 33926070 PMCID: PMC8146973 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training promotes muscle adaptation and remodelling by balancing the processes of anabolism and catabolism; however, the mechanisms by which exercise delays accelerated muscle wasting are not fully understood. Intramuscular extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are essential to tissue structure and function, as they create a responsive environment for the survival and repair of the muscle fibres. However, their role in muscle adaptation is underappreciated and underinvestigated. The PubMed, COCHRANE, Scopus and CIHNAL databases were systematically searched from inception until February 2021. The inclusion criteria were on ECM adaptation after exercise training in healthy adult population. Evidence from 21 studies on 402 participants demonstrates that exercise training induces muscle remodelling, and this is accompanied by ECM adaptation. All types of exercise interventions promoted a widespread increase in collagens, glycoproteins and proteoglycans ECM transcriptomes in younger and older participants. The ECM controlling mechanisms highlighted here were concerned with myogenic and angiogenic processes during muscle adaptation and remodelling. Further research identifying the mechanisms underlying the link between ECMs and muscle adaptation will support the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and the development of personalised exercise training medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efpraxia Kritikaki
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Rhiannon Asterling
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Lesley Ward
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Kay Padget
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department, Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBERES, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Davina C. M. Simoes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Orizola-Cáceres I, Cerda-Kohler H, Burgos-Jara C, Meneses-Valdes R, Gutierrez-Pino R, Sepúlveda C. Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two "Talk Tests" for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33792764 PMCID: PMC8017038 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. METHODS We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering "Yes," "I don't know," or "No" to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. RESULTS There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference - 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (- 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4%). CONCLUSIONS ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Cerda-Kohler
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.,Applied Sports Science Unit, High-Performance Center, National Institute of Sports, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Burgos-Jara
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Gutierrez-Pino
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.
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Witvrouwen I, Gevaert AB, Possemiers N, Beckers PJ, Vorlat A, Heidbuchel H, Van Laere SJ, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Van Craenenbroeck EM. Circulating microRNA as predictors for exercise response in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1673-1681. [PMID: 33742210 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training is a powerful adjunctive therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but ca. 55% of patients fail to improve VO2peak. We hypothesize that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), as epigenetic determinants of VO2peak, can distinguish exercise responders (ER) from exercise non-responders (ENR). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 377 miRNAs in 18 male HFrEF patients (9 ER and 9 ENR) prior to 15 weeks of exercise training using a miRNA array. ER and ENR were defined as change in VO2peak of >20% or <6%, respectively. First, unsupervised clustering analysis of the miRNA pattern was performed. Second, differential expression of miRNA in ER and ENR was analysed and related to percent change in VO2peak. Third, a gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to detect targeted genes and pathways. Baseline characteristics and training volume were similar between ER and ENR. Unsupervised clustering analysis of miRNAs distinguished ER from ENR with 83% accuracy. A total of 57 miRNAs were differentially expressed in ENR vs. ER. A panel of seven miRNAs up-regulated in ENR (Let-7b, miR-23a, miR-140, miR-146a, miR-191, miR-210, and miR-339-5p) correlated with %changeVO2peak (all P < 0.05) and predicted ENR with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ≥0.77. Multiple pathways involved in exercise adaptation processes were identified. CONCLUSION A fingerprint of seven miRNAs involved in exercise adaptation processes is highly correlated with VO2peak trainability in HFrEF, which holds promise for the prediction of training response and patient-targeted exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Witvrouwen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nadine Possemiers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul J Beckers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne Vorlat
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven J Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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Endurance Runners with Intramyocellular Lipid Accumulation and High Insulin Sensitivity Have Enhanced Expression of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism in Muscle. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123951. [PMID: 33291227 PMCID: PMC7762159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Endurance-trained athletes have high oxidative capacities, enhanced insulin sensitivities, and high intracellular lipid accumulation in muscle. These characteristics are likely due to altered gene expression levels in muscle. Design and setting: We compared intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), insulin sensitivity, and gene expression levels of the muscle in eight nonobese healthy men (control group) and seven male endurance athletes (athlete group). Their IMCL levels were measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp. Gene expression levels in the vastus lateralis were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and microarray analysis. Results: IMCL levels in the tibialis anterior muscle were approximately 2.5 times higher in the athlete group compared to the control group, while the IMCL levels in the soleus muscle and GIR were comparable. In the microarray hierarchical clustering analysis, gene expression patterns were not clearly divided into control and athlete groups. In a gene set enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology gene sets, “RESPONSE TO LIPID” was significantly upregulated in the athlete group compared with the control group. Indeed, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the athlete group had 2–3 times higher expressions of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1A), adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), and fatty acid transporters including fatty acid transporter-1, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase. Conclusions: Endurance runners with higher IMCL levels have higher expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism such as PGC1A, AdipoRs, and fatty acid transporters in muscle.
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Hjortbak MV, Grønnebæk TS, Jespersen NR, Lassen TR, Seefeldt JM, Tonnesen PT, Jensen RV, Koch LG, Britton SL, Pedersen M, Jessen N, Bøtker HE. Differences in intrinsic aerobic capacity alters sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion injury but not cardioprotective capacity by ischemic preconditioning in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240866. [PMID: 33108389 PMCID: PMC7591019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic capacity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Whether aerobic capacity influences myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the impact of intrinsic differences in aerobic capacity and the cardioprotective potential on IR injury. METHODS We studied hearts from rats developed by selective breeding for high (HCR) or low (LCR) capacity for treadmill running. The rats were randomized to: (1) control, (2) local ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or (3) remote ischemic preconditioning (RIC) followed by 30 minutes of ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion in an isolated perfused heart model. The primary endpoint was infarct size. Secondary endpoints included uptake of labelled glucose, content of selected mitochondrial proteins in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). RESULTS At baseline, running distance was 203±7 m in LCR vs 1905±51 m in HCR rats (p<0.01). Infarct size was significantly lower in LCR than in HCR controls (49±5% vs 68±5%, p = 0.04). IPC reduced infarct size by 47% in LCR (p<0.01) and by 31% in HCR rats (p = 0.01). RIC did not modulate infarct size (LCR: 52±5, p>0.99; HCR: 69±6%, p>0.99, respectively). Phosphorylaion of AMPK did not differ between LCR and HCR controls. IPC did not modulate cardiac phosphorylation of AMPK. Glucose uptake during reperfusion was similar in LCR and HCR rats. IPC increased glucose uptake during reperfusion in LCR animals (p = 0.02). Mitochondrial protein content in skeletal muscle was lower in LCR than in HCR (0.77±0.10 arbitrary units (AU) vs 1.09±0.07 AU, p = 0.02), but not in cardiac muscle. CONCLUSION Aerobic capacity is associated with altered myocardial sensitivity to IR injury, but the cardioprotective effect of IPC is not. Glucose uptake, AMPK activation immediately prior to ischemia and basal mitochondrial protein content in the heart seem to be of minor importance as underlying mechanisms for the cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Marthinsen Seefeldt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tilma Tonnesen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Vibjerg Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aahus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Haines M, Broom D, Stephenson J, Gillibrand W. Influence of Sprint Duration during Minimal Volume Exercise on Aerobic Capacity and Affect. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:357-364. [PMID: 33022736 DOI: 10.1055/a-1255-3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of reduced-exertion, high-intensity interval training (REHIT), comparing a novel shortened-sprint protocol (SSREHIT) against a traditional protocol (TREHIT), on perceptual responses and to determine if changes in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) are attenuated with shorter sprints. Twenty-four healthy men undertook 15 sessions of SSREHIT or TREHIT. V˙O2peak was determined at baseline and after completion of each exercise condition. Affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses and perceived exertion were assessed during exercise to capture peak responses. Enjoyment was recorded 5-min after cessation of exercise. Compared to baseline, V˙O2peak increased in both groups (6% for SSREHIT [d=- 0.36] and 9% for TREHIT [d=- 0.53], p=0.01). Affective responses were more favourable for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=1.62), but both protocols avoided large negative peaks of displeasure. Peak ratings of perceived exertion were lower for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=- 1.71), although there were no differences in enjoyment (d=0.25). The results demonstrate both exercise conditions can increase V˙O2peak without overly compromising perceptual responses. Decreased sprint duration might further circumvent negative perceptual responses but might also attenuate physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haines
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
| | - David Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry
| | - John Stephenson
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
| | - Warren Gillibrand
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
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van der Zwaard S, de Leeuw AW, Meerhoff LRA, Bodine SC, Knobbe A. Articles with impact: insights into 10 years of research with machine learning. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:967-979. [PMID: 32790596 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide scientific output is growing faster and faster. Academics should not only publish much and fast, but also publish research with impact. The aim of this study is to use machine learning to investigate characteristics of articles that were published in the Journal of Applied Physiology between 2009 and 2018, and characterize high-impact articles. Article impact was assessed for 4,531 publications by three common impact metrics: the Altmetric Attention Scores, downloads, and citations. Additionally, a broad collection of (more than 200) characteristics was collected from the article's title, abstract, authors, keywords, publication, and article engagement. We constructed random forest (RF) regression models to predict article impact and articles with the highest impact (top-25% and top-10% for each impact metric), which were compared with a naive baseline method. RF models outperformed the baseline models when predicting the impact of unseen articles (P < 0.001 for each impact metric). Also, RF models predicted top-25% and top-10% high-impact articles with a high accuracy. Moreover, RF models revealed important article characteristics. Higher impact was observed for articles about exercise, training, performance and V̇o2max, reviews, human studies, articles from large collaborations, longer articles with many references and high engagement by scientists, practitioners and public or via news outlets and videos. Lower impact was shown for articles about respiratory physiology or sleep apnea, editorials, animal studies, and titles with a question mark or a reference to places or individuals. In summary, research impact can be predicted and better understood using a combination of article characteristics and machine learning.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Common measures of article impact are the Altmetric Attention Scores, number of downloads, and number of citations. To our knowledge, this is the first study that applies machine learning on a comprehensive collection of article characteristics to predict article attention scores, downloads, and citations. Using 10 years of research articles, we obtained accurate predictions of high-impact articles and discovered important article characteristics related to article impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van der Zwaard
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie-Willem de Leeuw
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Rens A Meerhoff
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Arno Knobbe
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Düking P, Holmberg HC, Kunz P, Leppich R, Sperlich B. Intra-individual physiological response of recreational runners to different training mesocycles: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2705-2713. [PMID: 32918588 PMCID: PMC7674349 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pronounced differences in individual physiological adaptation may occur following various training mesocycles in runners. Here we aimed to assess the individual changes in performance and physiological adaptation of recreational runners performing mesocycles with different intensity, duration and frequency. METHODS Employing a randomized cross-over design, the intra-individual physiological responses [i.e., peak ([Formula: see text]) and submaximal ([Formula: see text]) oxygen uptake, velocity at lactate thresholds (V2, V4)] and performance (time-to-exhaustion (TTE)) of 13 recreational runners who performed three 3-week sessions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-volume low-intensity training (HVLIT) or more but shorter sessions of HVLIT (high-frequency training; HFT) were assessed. RESULTS [Formula: see text], V2, V4 and TTE were not altered by HIIT, HVLIT or HFT (p > 0.05). [Formula: see text] improved to the same extent following HVLIT (p = 0.045) and HFT (p = 0.02). The number of moderately negative responders was higher following HIIT (15.4%); and HFT (15.4%) than HVLIT (7.6%). The number of very positive responders was higher following HVLIT (38.5%) than HFT (23%) or HIIT (7.7%). 46% of the runners responded positively to two mesocycles, while 23% did not respond to any. CONCLUSION On a group level, none of the interventions altered [Formula: see text], V2, V4 or TTE, while HVLIT and HFT improved [Formula: see text]. The mean adaptation index indicated similar numbers of positive, negative and non-responders to HIIT, HVLIT and HFT, but more very positive responders to HVLIT than HFT or HIIT. 46% responded positively to two mesocycles, while 23% did not respond to any. These findings indicate that the magnitude of responses to HIIT, HVLIT and HFT is highly individual and no pattern was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Kunz
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Leppich
- Chair of Software Engineering, Department of Computer Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Hébert JJ, Sénéchal M, Fairchild T, Møller NC, Klakk H, Wedderkopp N. Developmental Trajectories of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Aerobic Fitness in Youth: Implications for Physical Activity Guideline Recommendations (CHAMPS Study-DK). Sports Med 2020; 50:2253-2261. [PMID: 32880817 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe the trajectories of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and aerobic fitness in children and identify different outcomes of guideline-recommended physical activity (PA) in a subset of active children. METHODS We recruited students from 10 public primary schools and obtained repeated measures of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness over 30 months. Aerobic fitness was measured with the Andersen test. We objectively measured physical activity behaviour with accelerometers and classified children as 'physically active' when they achieved ≥ 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day (guideline concordance). Univariate trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness were calculated for all children, and we constructed a multi-trajectory model comprising all outcomes in the subgroup of physically active children. The construct validity of all models was investigated by examining for between-group differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors obtained from fasting blood samples. RESULTS Data from 1208 children (53% female) with a mean (SD) age of 8.4 (1.4) years were included. The univariate trajectory models identified three distinct trajectories for BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness. The multi-trajectory model classified 9.1% of physically active children as following an 'overweight/obese/low fitness' trajectory. There were moderate-to-large differences in cardiovascular risk factors between all trajectory groups (p < 0.001; d = 0.4-1.20). CONCLUSION We identified distinct developmental trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, and aerobic fitness in children. Nearly one in 10 children who met PA guideline recommendations followed an unfavourable health trajectory. Health-related PA recommendations may be insufficient for some children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hébert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Timothy Fairchild
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Applied Health Science, University College Lillebælt, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Exercise Epidemiology, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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