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Dias C, Nylandsted J. Neural membrane repair at the core of regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1399-1400. [PMID: 38051866 PMCID: PMC10883513 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Dias
- Danish Cancer Institute, Membrane Integrity, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Institute, Membrane Integrity, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Klenow MB, Vigsø MS, Pezeshkian W, Nylandsted J, Lomholt MA, Simonsen AC. Shape of the membrane neck around a hole during plasma membrane repair. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00374-6. [PMID: 38824389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane damage and rupture occurs frequently in cells, and holes must be sealed rapidly to ensure homeostasis and cell survival. The membrane repair machinery is known to involve recruitment of curvature-inducing annexin proteins, but the connection between membrane remodeling and hole closure is poorly described. The induction of curvature by repair proteins leads to the possible formation of a membrane neck around the hole as a key intermediate structure before sealing. We formulate a theoretical model of equilibrium neck shapes to examine the potential connection to a repair mechanism. Using variational calculus, the shape equations for the membrane near a hole are formulated and solved numerically. The system is described under a condition of fixed area, and a shooting approach is applied to fulfill the boundary conditions at the free membrane edge. A state diagram of neck shapes is produced describing the variation in neck morphology with respect to the membrane area. Two distinct types of necks are predicted, one with conformations curved beyond π existing at positive excess area, whereas flat neck conformations (curved below π) have negative excess area. The results indicate that in cells, the supply of additional membrane area and a change in edge tension is linked to the formation of narrow and curved necks. Such necks may be susceptible to passive or actively induced membrane fission as a possible mechanism for hole sealing during membrane repair in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berg Klenow
- PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Magnus Staal Vigsø
- PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Weria Pezeshkian
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Institute (DCI), Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael Andersen Lomholt
- PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark.
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3
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin complexes mediate actin dynamics during cell wound repair. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114215. [PMID: 38728140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1/Sep2/Pnut and Sep4/Sep5/Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side by side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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4
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Quinn CJ, Cartwright EJ, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t-tubules and Ca 2+ handling. J Physiol 2024; 602:1893-1910. [PMID: 38615232 DOI: 10.1113/jp285103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane-associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)-tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation-contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t-tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t-tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Quinn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - E J Cartwright
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - K M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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5
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Nan X, Wang M, Du J, Liu Y, Cao L, Zhou J, Liu L, Li X. Single vesicle chemistry reveals partial release happens at the mechanical stress-induced exocytosis. Talanta 2024; 271:125637. [PMID: 38237284 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal activity can be modulated by mechanical stress in the central nervous system (CNS) in neurodegenerative diseases, for example Alzheimer's disease. However, the impact of mechanical stress on chemical signal transmission, especially the storage and release of neurotransmitter in neuron vesicles, has not been fully clarified. In this study, a nanotip conical carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) and a disk CFME are placed in and on a cell, respectively. The nanotip conical CFME functions for both the mechanical stress and the quantification of transmitter storage in single vesicles, while the disk CFME is used to monitor the transmitter release during exocytosis induced by mechanical stress at the same cell. By comparing the vesicular transmitter storage with its release during mechanical stress-induced exocytosis at the same cell, we find the release ratio of transmitter in chromaffin cells varies from 27 % to 100 %, while for PC12 cells from 30 % to 100 %. Our results indicate that the exocytosis of cells responding to mechanical stress shows individual difference obviously, with a significant population exhibiting partial release mode. The variation of Ca2+ channels and mechanosensitive ion channels on cell membrane may both contribute to this variation. Our discovery not only shows mechanical stress can change the transmission of cellular chemical signals at the vesicle level, but also provides an important reference perspective for the study of nervous system regulation and nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinchang Du
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junlan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, China.
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6
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Kappelhoff S, Margheritis EG, Cosentino K. New insights into Gasdermin D pore formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:681-692. [PMID: 38497302 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming protein that perforates the plasma membrane (PM) during pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death, to induce the unconventional secretion of inflammatory cytokines and, ultimately, cell lysis. GSDMD is activated by protease-mediated cleavage of its active N-terminal domain from the autoinhibitory C-terminal domain. Inflammatory caspase-1, -4/5 are the main activators of GSDMD via either the canonical or non-canonical pathways of inflammasome activation, but under certain stimuli, caspase-8 and other proteases can also activate GSDMD. Activated GSDMD can oligomerize and assemble into various nanostructures of different sizes and shapes that perforate cellular membranes, suggesting plasticity in pore formation. Although the exact mechanism of pore formation has not yet been deciphered, cysteine residues are emerging as crucial modulators of the oligomerization process. GSDMD pores and thus the outcome of pyroptosis can be modulated by various regulatory mechanisms. These include availability of activated GSDMD at the PM, control of the number of GSDMD pores by PM repair mechanisms, modulation of the lipid environment and post-translational modifications. Here, we review the latest findings on the mechanisms that induce GSDMD to form membrane pores and how they can be tightly regulated for cell content release and cell fate modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kappelhoff
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eleonora G Margheritis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katia Cosentino
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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7
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Chen Z, Lu X, Watsky MA. Transient plasma membrane disruption induced calcium waves in mouse and human corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301495. [PMID: 38630767 PMCID: PMC11023258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine transient plasma membrane disruptions (TPMDs) and TPMD-induced Ca++ waves (TPMD Ca++ Wvs) in human and mouse corneal epithelium (HCEC and MCEC). A multi-photon microscope was used to create laser-induced TPMDs in single cultured cells and in intact ex vivo and in vivo MCECs and ex vivo human cornea rim HCECs. Eye rubbing-induced TPMDs were studied by gentle rubbing with a cotton tipped applicator over a closed eyelid in ex vivo and in vivo MCECs. Ca++ sources for TPMD-induced Ca++ waves were explored using Ca++ channel inhibitors and Ca++-free media. TPMDs and TPMD Ca++ Wvs were observed in all cornea epithelial models examined, often times showing oscillating Ca++ levels. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ ATPase inhibitors thapsigargin and CPA reduced TPMD Ca++ Wvs. TRP V1 antagonists reduced TPMD Ca++ Wvs in MCECs but not HCECs. Ca++-free medium, 18α-GA (gap junction inhibitor), apyrase (hydrolyzes ATP), and AMTB (TRPM8 inhibitor) did not affect TPMD Ca++ Wvs. These results provide a direct demonstration of corneal epithelial cell TPMDs and TPMDs in in vivo cells from a live animal. TPMDs were observed following gentle eye rubbing, a routine corneal epithelial cell mechanical stress, indicating TPMDs and TPMD Ca++ Wvs are common features in corneal epithelial cells that likely play a role in corneal homeostasis and possibly pathophysiological conditions. Intracellular Ca++ stores are the primary Ca++ source for corneal epithelial cell TPMD Ca++ Wvs, with TRPV1 Ca++ channels providing Ca++ in MCECs but not HCECs. Corneal epithelial cell TPMD Ca++ Wv propagation is not influenced by gap junctions or ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mitchell A. Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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8
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Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Tian Z, Sun M, He L. MG53: A new protagonist in the precise treatment of cardiomyopathies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116057. [PMID: 38367817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are highly heterogeneous progressive heart diseases characterised by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart, whose intricate pathogenesis has resulted in a lack of effective treatment options. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), also known as Tripartite motif protein 72 (TRIM72), is a tripartite motif family protein from the immuno-proteomic library expressed primarily in the heart and skeletal muscle. Recent studies have identified MG53 as a potential cardioprotective protein that may play a crucial role in CMs. Therefore, the objective of this review is to comprehensively examine the underlying mechanisms mediated by MG53 responsible for myocardial protection, elucidate the potential role of MG53 in various CMs as well as its dominant status in the diagnosis and prognosis of human myocardial injury, and evaluate the potential therapeutic value of recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) in CMs. It is expected to yield novel perspectives regarding the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qingya Zhang
- Innovation Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zheng Tian
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mingli Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lian He
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, PR China.
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9
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Shinozaki K, Kirinoki M, Atcharaphan W, Watanabe KI, Ohari Y, Suguta S, Ona KAL, Ushio N, Macalanda AMC, Suganuma K, Inoue N, Kawazu SI. Expression profile analysis of the transient receptor potential (TRPM) channel, a possible target of praziquantel in Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Int 2024; 99:102833. [PMID: 38061487 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The WHO considers schistosomiasis, which is controlled by the mass administration of the drug praziquantel (PZQ), to be a neglected tropical disease. Despite its clinical use for over four decades, PZQ remains the only choice of chemotherapy against this disease. Regarding the previous studies that demonstrated that PZQ activates the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in Schistosoma mansoni (Sm.TRPMPZQ), the expression profile of the ortholog of this channel gene (Smp_246790.5) in S. japonicum (EWB00_008853) (Sj.TRPMPZQ) was analyzed. The relative expression of this gene in various stages of the parasite lifecycle was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the expression of Sj.TRPMPZQ was observed by immunohistochemical staining using anti-serum against the recombinant Sj.TRPMPZQ protein. qRT-PCR revealed the significantly lower mRNA expression in the snail stage in comparison to other stages (p < 0.01). The relative quantity of the Sj.TRPMPZQ expression for paired females, unpaired males, and eggs was 60%, 56%, and 68%, respectively, in comparison to paired males that showed the highest expression (p < 0.05). Interestingly, immunostaining demonstrated that Sj.TRPMPZQ is expressed in the parenchyma which contains muscle cells, neuronal cells and tegument cells in adult worms. This may support the two major effects of PZQ-worm paralysis and tegument disruption-induced by channel activation. Moreover, the channel was expressed in both the eggshell and the miracidia inside, but could not be observed in sporocyst. These results suggest that the expression of Sj.TRPMPQZ corresponds to the known sensitivity of S. japonicum to PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Shinozaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Wanlop Atcharaphan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Saki Suguta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kevin Austin L Ona
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Nanako Ushio
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Adrian Miki C Macalanda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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10
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Hesami H, Ghasemi S, Houshmand G, Nilipour Y, Hesami M, Biglari A, Nafissi S, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. A novel homozygous variant (c.5876T > C: p. Leu1959Pro) in DYSF segregates with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:241. [PMID: 38539162 PMCID: PMC10967161 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders with a very variable clinical presentation and overlapping traits. The clinical symptoms of LGMD typically appear in adolescence or early adulthood. Genetic variation in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) has been associated with LGMD. METHODS We characterized a recessive LGMD in a young adult from consanguineous Irani families using whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the identified variant. Computational modeling and protein-protein docking were used to investigate the impact of the variant on the structure and function of the DYSF protein. RESULTS By WES, we identified a novel homozygous missense variant in DYSF (NM_003494.4: c.5876T > C: p. Leu1959Pro) previously been associated with LGMD phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The identification and validation of new pathogenic DYSF variant in the present study further highlight the importance of this gene in LGMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serwa Ghasemi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Houshmand
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Nilipour
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Xu S, Yang TJ, Xu S, Gong YN. Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:93-106. [PMID: 37648621 PMCID: PMC10872800 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in C. elegans, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Tyler J Yang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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12
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Štefl M, Takamiya M, Middel V, Tekpınar M, Nienhaus K, Beil T, Rastegar S, Strähle U, Nienhaus GU. Caveolae disassemble upon membrane lesioning and foster cell survival. iScience 2024; 27:108849. [PMID: 38303730 PMCID: PMC10831942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Repair of lesions in the plasma membrane is key to sustaining cellular homeostasis. Cells maintain cytoplasmic as well as membrane-bound stores of repair proteins that can rapidly precipitate at the site of membrane lesions. However, little is known about the origins of lipids and proteins for resealing and repair of the plasma membrane. Here we study the dynamics of caveolar proteins after laser-induced lesioning of plasma membranes of mammalian C2C12 tissue culture cells and muscle cells of intact zebrafish embryos. Single-molecule diffusivity measurements indicate that caveolar clusters break up into smaller entities after wounding. Unlike Annexins and Dysferlin, caveolar proteins do not accumulate at the lesion patch. In caveolae-depleted cavin1a knockout zebrafish embryos, lesion patch formation is impaired, and injured cells show reduced survival. Our data suggest that caveolae disassembly releases surplus plasma membrane near the lesion to facilitate membrane repair after initial patch formation for emergency sealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Štefl
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Middel
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Miyase Tekpınar
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Ebstrup ML, Sønder SL, Fogde DL, Heitmann ASB, Dietrich TN, Dias C, Jäättelä M, Maeda K, Nylandsted J. Annexin A7 mediates lysosome repair independently of ESCRT-III. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1211498. [PMID: 38348092 PMCID: PMC10860759 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1211498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are crucial organelles essential for various cellular processes, and any damage to them can severely compromise cell viability. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized function of the calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein Annexin A7 in lysosome repair, which operates independently of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Our research reveals that Annexin A7 plays a role in repairing damaged lysosomes, different from its role in repairing the plasma membrane, where it facilitates repair through the recruitment of ESCRT-III components. Notably, our findings strongly suggest that Annexin A7, like the ESCRT machinery, is dispensable for membrane contact site formation within the newly discovered phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway. Instead, we speculate that Annexin A7 is recruited to damaged lysosomes and promotes repair through its membrane curvature and cross-linking capabilities. Our findings provide new insights into the diverse mechanisms underlying lysosomal membrane repair and highlight the multifunctional role of Annexin A7 in membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Kim HJ, Cho HB, Kim HR, Lee S, Park JI, Park KH. Upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx as an intracellular delivery method using posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites for osteoarthritis treatment. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:1. [PMID: 38170345 PMCID: PMC10764707 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Photoporation techniques based on plasmonic nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles have been extensively studied for the intracellular delivery of substances via cell membrane disruption. However, the clinical application of AuNP is challenging due to its absorption in the 500 nm region of the light spectrum. To overcome this challenge, upconversion nanoparticles were employed to stimulate AuNP at NIR wavelengths. posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites were produced by coating 30 nm UCNPs on 80 nm AuNPs using DOPA-PEI, which were then irradiated with 980 nm NIR light to facilitate their intracellular delivery. TEM and DLS confirmed that posAuNP and UCNP combine to form nanocomposites. Additionally, multiphysics simulation was used to analyze the distribution of the posAuNP electric field based on morphological differences that change as the UCNP ratio increases. Next, effective LED irradiation conditions were established by applying upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx to C28/I2 cells as suspensions or spheroids. posAuNP@UCNP nanocomposites were confirmed to be effective for the delivery of baricitinib as a treatment for osteoarthritis in a three-dimensional osteoarthritis model. Finally, chondrocyte differentiation was induced through intracellular delivery of baricitinib using posAuNP@UCNPs. The findings suggest that posAuNP@UCNPs have great potential as a tool for non-invasive drug delivery via UCPPin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Bang Cho
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Park
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Whitlock JM. Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:257-279. [PMID: 37996682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I highlight the role of this stem cell population in muscle repair and regeneration and review the genetic control of the process; the mechanistic steps of activation, migration, recognition, adhesion, and fusion of these cells; and discuss the novel recognition of the membrane signaling that coordinates myogenic cell-cell fusion, as well as the identification of a two-part fusogen system that facilitates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shrive National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Liu SM, Zhao Q, Li WJ, Zhao JQ. Advances in the Study of MG53 in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6073-6082. [PMID: 38152078 PMCID: PMC10752033 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s435030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a global health crisis, and understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac pathology is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mitsugumin-53 (MG53) plays a pivotal role in cell membrane repair, has emerged as a multifaceted player in cardiovascular health. MG53, also known as TRIM72, is primarily expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and actively participates in membrane repair processes essential for maintaining cardiomyocyte viability. It promotes k-ion currents, ensuring action potential integrity, and actively engages in repairing myocardial and mitochondrial membranes, preserving cardiac function in the face of oxidative stress. This study discusses the dual impact of MG53 on cardiac health, highlighting its cardioprotective role during ischemia/reperfusion injury, its modulation of cardiac arrhythmias, and its influence on cardiomyopathy. MG53's regulation of metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism, underlines its role in diabetic cardiomyopathy, while its potential to mitigate the effects of various cardiac disorders, including those induced by antipsychotic medications and alcohol consumption, warrants further exploration. Furthermore, we examine MG53's diagnostic potential as a biomarker for cardiac injury. Research has shown that MG53 levels correlate with cardiomyocyte damage and may predict major adverse cardiovascular events, highlighting its value as a biomarker. Additionally, exogenous recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) emerges as a promising therapeutic option, demonstrating its ability to reduce infarct size, inhibit apoptosis, and attenuate fibrotic responses. In summary, MG53's diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases presents an exciting avenue for improved patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Mei Liu
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Zhao
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Wang M, Shi J, Yu C, Zhang X, Xu G, Xu Z, Ma Y. Emerging strategy towards mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: what the future holds? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298186. [PMID: 38155971 PMCID: PMC10752988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the therapeutic goal of conventional treatment among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is alleviating exacerbations in acute phase, maintaining remission, reducing recurrence, preventing complications, and increasing quality of life. However, the persistent mucosal/submucosal inflammation tends to cause irreversible changes in the intestinal structure, which can barely be redressed by conventional treatment. In the late 1990s, monoclonal biologics, mainly anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) drugs, were proven significantly helpful in inhibiting mucosal inflammation and improving prognosis in clinical trials. Meanwhile, mucosal healing (MH), as a key endoscopic and histological measurement closely associated with the severity of symptoms, has been proposed as primary outcome measures. With deeper comprehension of the mucosal microenvironment, stem cell niche, and underlying mucosal repair mechanisms, diverse potential strategies apart from monoclonal antibodies have been arising or undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we elucidate key steps or targets during the course of MH and review some promising treatment strategies capable of promoting MH in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Shi
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Nakamura M, Parkhurst SM. Calcium influx rapidly establishes distinct spatial recruitments of Annexins to cell wounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569799. [PMID: 38105960 PMCID: PMC10723296 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To survive daily damage, the formation of actomyosin ring at the wound periphery is required to rapidly close cell wounds. Calcium influx is one of the start signals for these cell wound repair events. Here, we find that rapid recruitment of all three Drosophila calcium responding and phospholipid binding Annexin proteins (AnxB9, AnxB10, AnxB11) to distinct regions around the wound are regulated by the quantity of calcium influx rather than their binding to specific phospholipids. The distinct recruitment patterns of these Annexins regulate the subsequent recruitment of RhoGEF2 and RhoGEF3 through actin stabilization to form a robust actomyosin ring. Surprisingly, we find that reduced extracellular calcium and depletion of intracellular calcium affect cell wound repair differently, despite these two conditions exhibiting similar GCaMP signals. Thus, our results suggest that, in addition to initiating repair events, both the quantity and sources of calcium influx are important for precise Annexin spatiotemporal protein recruitment to cell wounds and efficient wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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19
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Zhang Y, Liang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhang K. Identification of a novel endocytosis‑associated gene signature for prognostic prediction in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:511. [PMID: 37920434 PMCID: PMC10618919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Endocytosis is an essential physiological activity for cells to maintain membrane homeostasis, and has been reported to serve an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. In the present study, the aim was to construct a prognostic prediction model of endocytosis-associated genes for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The endocytosis-associated gene signature was established using Lasso Cox regression analysis using the training set of the LUAD cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and verified using two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the prognostic evaluation of patients with LUAD. Differentially expressed genes were screened in the tumor tissue of patients compared with paired paracancerous tissues. A series of candidate genes associated to the prognosis of patients with LUAD was obtained using univariate Cox's regression analysis. Using the Lasso Cox regression analysis, an appropriate risk model with 18 endocytosis-associated genes was established. A high-risk score was positively correlated with a higher tumor stage and pathologic grade. Patients with LUAD and high-risk scores had shorter survival times, increased intratumor heterogeneities and immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues, compared with those patients with LUAD and low-risk scores. The endocytosis inhibitor chloroquine could repress proliferation and increase the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In summary, a novel endocytosis-associated gene signature was constructed using TCGA and GEO datasets. Patients with LUAD and high-risk scores, as calculated by the signature, had a poor prognosis and short survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Liang
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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20
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Walters ET. Exaptation and Evolutionary Adaptation in Nociceptor Mechanisms Driving Persistent Pain. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2023; 98:314-330. [PMID: 38035556 PMCID: PMC10922759 DOI: 10.1159/000535552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several evolutionary explanations have been proposed for why chronic pain is a major clinical problem. One is that some mechanisms important for driving chronic pain, while maladaptive for modern humans, were adaptive because they enhanced survival. Evidence is reviewed for persistent nociceptor hyperactivity (PNH), known to promote chronic pain in rodents and humans, being an evolutionarily adaptive response to significant bodily injury, and primitive molecular mechanisms related to cellular injury and stress being exapted (co-opted or repurposed) to drive PNH and consequent pain. SUMMARY PNH in a snail (Aplysia californica), squid (Doryteuthis pealeii), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), mice, rats, and humans has been documented as long-lasting enhancement of action potential discharge evoked by peripheral stimuli, and in some of these species as persistent extrinsically driven ongoing activity and/or intrinsic spontaneous activity (OA and SA, respectively). In mammals, OA and SA are often initiated within the protected nociceptor soma long after an inducing injury. Generation of OA or SA in nociceptor somata may be very rare in invertebrates, but prolonged afterdischarge in nociceptor somata readily occurs in sensitized Aplysia. Evidence for the adaptiveness of injury-induced PNH has come from observations of decreased survival of injured squid exposed to predators when PNH is blocked, from plausible survival benefits of chronic sensitization after severe injuries such as amputation, and from the functional coherence and intricacy of mammalian PNH mechanisms. Major contributions of cAMP-PKA signaling (with associated calcium signaling) to the maintenance of PNH both in mammals and molluscs suggest that this ancient stress signaling system was exapted early during the evolution of nociceptors to drive hyperactivity following bodily injury. Vertebrates have retained core cAMP-PKA signaling modules for PNH while adding new extracellular modulators (e.g., opioids) and cAMP-regulated ion channels (e.g., TRPV1 and Nav1.8 channels). KEY MESSAGES Evidence from multiple phyla indicates that PNH is a physiological adaptation that decreases the risk of attacks on injured animals. Core cAMP-PKA signaling modules make major contributions to the maintenance of PNH in molluscs and mammals. This conserved signaling has been linked to ancient cellular responses to stress, which may have been exapted in early nociceptors to drive protective hyperactivity that can persist while bodily functions recover after significant injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Aftahy K, Arrasate P, Bashkirov PV, Kuzmin PI, Maurizot V, Huc I, Frolov VA. Molecular Sensing and Manipulation of Protein Oligomerization in Membrane Nanotubes with Bolaamphiphilic Foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25150-25159. [PMID: 37948300 PMCID: PMC10682987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive and reversible self-assembly of supramolecular protein structures is a fundamental characteristic of dynamic living matter. However, the quantitative detection and assessment of the emergence of mesoscale protein complexes from small and dynamic oligomeric precursors remains highly challenging. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing a short membrane nanotube (sNT) pulled from a planar membrane reservoir as nanotemplates for molecular reconstruction, manipulation, and sensing of protein oligomerization and self-assembly at the mesoscale. The sNT reports changes in membrane shape and rigidity caused by membrane-bound proteins as variations of the ionic conductivity of the sNT lumen. To confine oligomerization to the sNT, we have designed and synthesized rigid oligoamide foldamer tapes (ROFTs). Charged ROFTs incorporate into the planar and sNT membranes, mediate protein binding to the membranes, and, driven by the luminal electric field, shuttle the bound proteins between the sNT and planar membranes. Using Annexin-V (AnV) as a prototype, we show that the sNT detects AnV oligomers shuttled into the nanotube by ROFTs. Accumulation of AnV on the sNT induces its self-assembly into a curved lattice, restricting the sNT geometry and inhibiting the material uptake from the reservoir during the sNT extension, leading to the sNT fission. By comparing the spontaneous and ROFT-mediated entry of AnV into the sNT, we reveal how intricate membrane curvature sensing by small AnV oligomers controls the lattice self-assembly. These results establish sNT-ROFT as a powerful tool for molecular reconstruction and functional analyses of protein oligomerization and self-assembly, with broad application to various membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Aftahy
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Pedro Arrasate
- Biofisika
Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of
the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Pavel V. Bashkirov
- Research
Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow 117246, Russia
| | - Petr I. Kuzmin
- A.N.
Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Victor Maurizot
- Univ. Bordeaux,
CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Pessac 33600, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Vadim A. Frolov
- Biofisika
Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of
the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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22
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin Complexes Mediate Actin Dynamics During Cell Wound Repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567084. [PMID: 38014090 PMCID: PMC10680708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1-Sep2-Pnut and Sep4-Sep5-Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side-by-side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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23
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Park SH, Han J, Jeong BC, Song JH, Jang SH, Jeong H, Kim BH, Ko YG, Park ZY, Lee KE, Hyun J, Song HK. Structure and activation of the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM72 on the membrane. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1695-1706. [PMID: 37770719 PMCID: PMC10643145 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Defects in plasma membrane repair can lead to muscle and heart diseases in humans. Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM)72 (mitsugumin 53; MG53) has been determined to rapidly nucleate vesicles at the site of membrane damage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we present the structure of Mus musculus TRIM72, a complete model of a TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrated that the interaction between TRIM72 and phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes is necessary for its oligomeric assembly and ubiquitination activity. Using cryogenic electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we elucidated a higher-order model of TRIM72 assembly on the phospholipid bilayer. Combining structural and biochemical techniques, we developed a working molecular model of TRIM72, providing insights into the regulation of RING-type E3 ligases through the cooperation of multiple domains in higher-order assemblies. Our findings establish a fundamental basis for the study of TRIM E3 ligases and have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juhyun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Cheon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- CSL Seqirus, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ju Han Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Bong Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Golding AE, Li W, Blank PS, Cologna SM, Zimmerberg J. Relative quantification of progressive changes in healthy and dysferlin-deficient mouse skeletal muscle proteomes. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:805-816. [PMID: 37706611 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Individuals with dysferlinopathies, a group of genetic muscle diseases, experience delay in the onset of muscle weakness. The cause of this delay and subsequent muscle wasting are unknown, and there are currently no clinical interventions to limit or prevent muscle weakness. To better understand molecular drivers of dysferlinopathies, age-dependent changes in the proteomic profile of skeletal muscle (SM) in wild-type (WT) and dysferlin-deficient mice were identified. METHODS Quadriceps were isolated from 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old C57BL/6 (WT, Dysf+/+ ) and BLAJ (Dysf-/- ) mice (n = 3, 2 male/1 female or 1 male/2 female, 24 total). Whole-muscle proteomes were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with relative quantification using TMT10plex isobaric labeling. Principle component analysis was utilized to detect age-dependent proteomic differences over the lifespan of, and between, WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. The biological relevance of proteins with significant variation was established using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Over 3200 proteins were identified between 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old mice. In total, 46 proteins varied in aging WT SM (p < .01), while 365 varied in dysferlin-deficient SM. However, 569 proteins varied between aged-matched WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. Proteins with significant variation in expression across all comparisons followed distinct temporal trends. DISCUSSION Proteins involved in sarcolemma repair and regeneration underwent significant changes in SM over the lifespan of WT mice, while those associated with immune infiltration and inflammation were overly represented over the lifespan of dysferlin-deficient mice. The proteins identified herein are likely to contribute to our overall understanding of SM aging and dysferlinopathy disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Golding
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Blank
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Al-Mijalli SH, El Hachlafi N, Jeddi M, Abdallah EM, Assaggaf H, Qasem A, Lee LH, Law JWF, Aladhadh M, Alnasser SM, Bouyahya A, Mrabti HN. Unveiling the volatile compounds and antibacterial mechanisms of action of Cupressus sempervirens L., against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115609. [PMID: 37801906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupressus sempervirens is a known traditional plant used to manage various ailments, including cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this investigation, we aimed to explore the chemical profile of Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (CSEO) as well as their antibacterial mode of action. The volatile components were characterized using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results revealed remarkable antibacterial properties of EO derived from C. sempervirens. GC-MS analysis indicated that C. sempervirens EO characterized by δ-3-carene (47.72%), D-limonene (5.44%), β-pinene (4.36%), β-myrcene (4.02%). The oil exhibited significant inhibitory effects against a range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 13048, Bacillus cereus (Clinical isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These inhibitory effects surpassed those of conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, the EO demonstrated low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), indicating its bactericidal nature (MBC/MIC < 4.0). Time-kill kinetics analysis showed that CSEO was particularly effective at 2 × MIC doses, rapidly reduced viable count of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa within 8 h. This suggests that the oil acts quickly and efficiently. The cell membrane permeability test further demonstrated the impact of CSEO on the relative conductivity of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, both at 2 × MIC concentrations. These observations suggest that EO disrupts the bacterial membrane, thereby influencing their growth and viability. Additionally, the cell membrane integrity test indicated that the addition of CSEO to bacterial cultures resulted in the significant release of proteins from the bacterial cells. This suggests that EO affects the structural integrity of the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the anti-biofilm assay confirmed the efficacy of CSEO as a potent anti-biofilm agent. It demonstrated the oil's ability to inhibit quorum sensing, a crucial mechanism for biofilm formation, and its competitive performance compared to the tested antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Jeddi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Emad M Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Next-Generation Precision Medicine and Therapeutics Research Group (NMeT), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Next-Generation Precision Medicine and Therapeutics Research Group (NMeT), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Aladhadh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco; High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco.
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Bittel DC, Jaiswal JK. Early Endosomes Undergo Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis and Enable Repair of Diffuse and Focal Plasma Membrane Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300245. [PMID: 37705135 PMCID: PMC10667805 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells are routinely exposed to agents that cause plasma membrane (PM) injury. While pore-forming toxins (PFTs), and chemicals cause nanoscale holes dispersed throughout the PM, mechanical trauma causes focal lesions in the PM. To examine if these distinct injuries share common repair mechanism, membrane trafficking is monitored as the PM repairs from such injuries. During the course of repair, dispersed PM injury by the PFT Streptolysin O activates endocytosis, while focal mechanical injury to the PM inhibits endocytosis. Consequently, acute block of endocytosis prevents repair of diffuse, but not of focal injury. In contrast, a chronic block in endocytosis depletes cells of early endosomes and inhibits repair of focal injury. This study finds that both focal and diffuse PM injury activate Ca2+ -triggered exocytosis of early endosomes. The use of markers including endocytosed cargo, Rab5, Rab11, and VAMP3, all reveal injury-triggered exocytosis of early endosomes. Inhibiting Rab5 prevents injury-triggered early endosome exocytosis and phenocopies the failed PM repair of cells chronically depleted of early endosomes. These results identify early endosomes as a Ca2+ -regulated exocytic compartment, and uncover the requirement of their dual functions - endocytosis and regulated exocytosis, to differentially support PM repair based on the nature of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Bittel
- Center for Genetic Medicine ResearchChildren's National Research Institute7144 13th Pl NWWashington, DC20012USA
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine ResearchChildren's National Research Institute7144 13th Pl NWWashington, DC20012USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC20012USA
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Hempel A, D'Osualdo A, Snipas S, Salvesen G. Cell organelles are retained inside pyroptotic corpses during inflammatory cell death. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231265. [PMID: 37797233 PMCID: PMC10611922 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proinflammatory proteins are released via the necrotic form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Sometimes known as gasdermin D (GSDMD) dependent cell death, pyroptosis results from the formation of pores in the plasma membrane leading to eventual cell lysis. Seeking to understand the magnitude of this cell lysis we measured the size of proteins released during pyroptosis. We demonstrate that there is no restriction on the size of soluble proteins released during pyroptosis even at early timepoints. However, even though large molecules can exit the dying cell, organelles are retained within it. This observation indicates that complete cell rupture may not be a consequence of pyroptosis, and that plasma membrane architecture is retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hempel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Andrea D'Osualdo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Scott J. Snipas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Guy S. Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
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Sekar R, Wooff Y, Cioanca AV, Kurera M, Ngo C, Man SM, Natoli R. Impairing Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is protective against retinal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:239. [PMID: 37864169 PMCID: PMC10588253 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasome activation and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been widely reported to contribute to the progression of retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the Western World. The role of Gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key executioner of pyroptosis following inflammasome activation, however, is less well-established. In this study we aimed to characterise the role of GSDMD in the healthy and degenerating retina, and uncover its role as a conduit for IL-1β release, including via extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated release. METHODS GSDMD mutant and knockout mice, in vitro models of inflammation and a well-established in vivo model of retinal degeneration (photo-oxidative damage; PD) were utilised to explore the role and pathological contribution of GSDMD in regulating IL-1β release and propagating retinal inflammation. RNA sequencing of whole retinas was used to investigate GSDMD-mediated inflammation during degeneration. The role of EVs in GSDMD-mediated IL-1β release was investigated using nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA and EV inhibition paradigms. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting GSDMD was examined using GSDMD-specific siRNA. RESULTS We identified in this work that mice deficient in GSDMD had better-preserved retinal function, increased photoreceptor survivability and reduced inflammation. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that GSDMD may propagate inflammation in the retina via NF-κB signalling cascades and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also showed that IL-1β was packaged and released via EV in a GSDMD-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that impairing GSDMD function using RNAi or blocking EV release was able to reduce IL-1β content in cell-free supernatant and EV. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that pyroptotic pore-forming protein GSDMD plays a key role in the propagation of retinal inflammation, in particular via the release of EV-encapsulated IL-1β. Targeting GSDMD using genetic or pharmacological inhibitors may pose a therapeutic opportunity to dampen inflammatory cascades and delay the progression of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshanya Sekar
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Adrian V Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melan Kurera
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chinh Ngo
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Bo W, Che R, Liu Q, Zhang X, Hou Y, Gong Y. Investigations on Na+, K+-ATPase energy consumption in ion flow of hydrophilic pores by THz unipolar stimulation. iScience 2023; 26:107849. [PMID: 37766988 PMCID: PMC10520936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz science and technology has recently shown new application prospects in artificial intelligence. It is found that terahertz unipolar stimulation can activate cell membrane hydrophilic pores. However, the behaviors of Na+, K+-ATPase and energy consumption during this period remain unknown. This paper investigates these behaviors by Na+, K+-ATPase and electroporation models, based on the interaction theory between terahertz fields and ions at the cellular level. The effective diameters of life ions are considered in the aqueous solution. From results, Na+, K+-ATPases can be activated and stay for a while before close after the stimulation. Their life ion flows are far lower than the flows via the pores. And their power dissipation is as low as 10-11 W in both rat neostriatal neurons and guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The results keep tenable in 0.1-1.2 THz. These lay the basis for investigations of information communication mechanisms in cells under terahertz stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Bo
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Rong Che
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yintao Hou
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Hu Z, Bai X. Self-repair and resuscitation of viable injured bacteria in chlorinated drinking water: Achromobacter as an example. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120585. [PMID: 37690414 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine disinfection for the treatment of drinking water can cause injury to the membrane and DNA of bacterial cells and may induce the surviving injured bacteria into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. It is difficult to monitor viable injured bacteria by heterotrophic plate counting (HPC), and their presence is also easily miscalculated in flow cytometry intact cell counting (FCM-ICC). Viable injured bacteria have a potential risk of resuscitation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and pose a threat to public health when drinking from faucets. In this study, bacteria with injured membranes were isolated from chlorinated drinking water by FCM cell sorting. The culture rate of injured bacteria varied from 0.08% to 2.6% on agar plates and 0.39% to 6.5% in 96-well plates. As the dominant genus among the five identified genera, as well as an opportunistic pathogen with multiple antibiotic resistance, Achromobacter was selected and further studied. After treatment with chlorine at a concentration of 1.2 mg/L, Achromobacter entered into the intermediate injured state on the FCM plot, and the injury on the bacterial surface was observed by electron microscopy. However, the CTC respiratory activity assay showed that 75.0% of the bacteria were still physiologically active, and they entered into a VBNC state. The injured VBNC Achromobacter in sterile drinking water were resuscitated after approximately 25 h. The cellular repair behavior of injured bacteria was studied by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and comet assays. It was found that DNA injury rather than membrane injury was repaired first. The expression of Ku and ligD increased significantly during the DNA repair period, indicating that non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) played an important role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks. This study deepened the understanding of the effect of chlorine disinfection on bacterial viability in drinking water and will provide support for the improvement of the chlorine disinfection process for the treatment of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Kayejo VG, Fellner H, Thapa R, Keyel PA. Translational implications of targeting annexin A2: From membrane repair to muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular disease and cancer. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2023; 3:e240. [PMID: 38465198 PMCID: PMC10923526 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (A2) contributes to several key cellular functions and processes, including membrane repair. Effective repair prevents cell death and degeneration, especially in skeletal or cardiac muscle, epithelia, and endothelial cells. To maintain cell integrity after damage, mammalian cells activate multiple membrane repair mechanisms. One protein family that facilitates membrane repair processes are the Ca2+-regulated phospholipid-binding annexins. Annexin A2 facilitates repair in association with S100A10 and related S100 proteins by forming a plug and linking repair to other physiologic functions. Deficiency of annexin A2 enhances cellular degeneration, exacerbating muscular dystrophy and degeneration. Downstream of repair, annexin A2 links membrane with the cytoskeleton, calcium-dependent endocytosis, exocytosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and apoptosis to extracellular roles, including vascular fibrinolysis, and angiogenesis. These roles regulate cardiovascular disease progression. Finally, annexin A2 protects cancer cells from membrane damage due to immune cells or chemotherapy. Since these functions are regulated by post-translational modifications, they represent a therapeutic target for reducing the negative consequences of annexin A2 expression. Thus, connecting the roles of annexin A2 in repair to its other physiologic functions represents a new translational approach to treating muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular diseases without enhancing its pro-tumorigenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. Kayejo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Hannah Fellner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Roshan Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Peter A. Keyel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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Slaufova M, Karakaya T, Di Filippo M, Hennig P, Beer HD. The gasdermins: a pore-forming protein family expressed in the epidermis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254150. [PMID: 37771587 PMCID: PMC10523161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins comprise a family of pore-forming proteins, which play critical roles in (auto)inflammatory diseases and cancer. They are expressed as self-inhibited precursor proteins consisting of an aminoterminal cytotoxic effector domain (NT-GSDM) and a carboxyterminal inhibitor domain (GSDM-CT) separated by an unstructured linker region. Proteolytic processing in the linker region liberates NT-GSDM, which translocates to membranes, forms oligomers, and induces membrane permeabilization, which can disturb the cellular equilibrium that can lead to cell death. Gasdermin activation and pore formation are associated with inflammation, particularly when induced by the inflammatory protease caspase-1 upon inflammasome activation. These gasdermin pores allow the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 and induce a lytic type of cell death, termed pyroptosis that supports inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. However, even at the cellular level, the consequences of gasdermin activation are diverse and range from induction of programmed cell death - pyroptosis or apoptosis - to poorly characterized protective mechanisms. The specific effects of gasdermin activation can vary between species, cell types, the membrane that is being permeabilized (plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, etc.), and the overall biological state of the local tissue/cells. In epithelia, gasdermins seem to play crucial roles. Keratinocytes represent the main cell type of the epidermis, which is the outermost skin layer with an essential barrier function. Compared to other tissues, keratinocytes express all members of the gasdermin family, in part in a differentiation-specific manner. That raises questions regarding the specific roles of individual GSDM family members in the skin, the mechanisms and consequences of their activation, and the potential crosstalk between them. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about gasdermins with a focus on keratinocytes and the skin and discuss the possible roles of the different family members in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slaufova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tugay Karakaya
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Corkery DP, Castro‐Gonzalez S, Knyazeva A, Herzog LK, Wu Y. An ATG12-ATG5-TECPR1 E3-like complex regulates unconventional LC3 lipidation at damaged lysosomes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56841. [PMID: 37381828 PMCID: PMC10481663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane damage represents a threat to cell viability. As such, cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to maintain lysosomal integrity. Small membrane lesions are detected and repaired by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery while more extensively damaged lysosomes are cleared by a galectin-dependent selective macroautophagic pathway (lysophagy). In this study, we identify a novel role for the autophagosome-lysosome tethering factor, TECPR1, in lysosomal membrane repair. Lysosomal damage promotes TECPR1 recruitment to damaged membranes via its N-terminal dysferlin domain. This recruitment occurs upstream of galectin and precedes the induction of lysophagy. At the damaged membrane, TECPR1 forms an alternative E3-like conjugation complex with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to regulate ATG16L1-independent unconventional LC3 lipidation. Abolishment of LC3 lipidation via ATG16L1/TECPR1 double knockout impairs lysosomal recovery following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale P Corkery
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Sergio Castro‐Gonzalez
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Laura K Herzog
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Yao‐Wen Wu
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Rekadwad BN, Li WJ, Gonzalez JM, Punchappady Devasya R, Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath A, Urana R, Parwez K. Extremophiles: the species that evolve and survive under hostile conditions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 37637002 PMCID: PMC10457277 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles possess unique cellular and molecular mechanisms to assist, tolerate, and sustain their lives in extreme habitats. These habitats are dominated by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters that shape existing microbial communities and their cellular and genomic features. The diversity of extremophiles reflects a long list of adaptations over millions of years. Growing research on extremophiles has considerably uncovered and increased our understanding of life and its limits on our planet. Many extremophiles have been greatly explored for their application in various industrial processes. In this review, we focused on the characteristics that microorganisms have acquired to optimally thrive in extreme environments. We have discussed cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in stability at respective extreme conditions like thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, barophiles, etc., which highlight evolutionary aspects and the significance of extremophiles for the benefit of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwan Narayan Rekadwad
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), DBT-National Centre for Cell Science (DBT-NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan M. Gonzalez
- Microbial Diversity and Microbiology of Extreme Environments Research Group, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rekha Punchappady Devasya
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Arun Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, A Constituent Unit of Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya Complex, Balmatta, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Ruchi Urana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Bio Sciences and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Khalid Parwez
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar 852201 India
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Kasper SH, Otten S, Squadroni B, Orr‐Terry C, Kuang Y, Mussallem L, Ge L, Yan L, Kannan S, Verma CS, Brown CJ, Johannes CW, Lane DP, Chandramohan A, Partridge AW, Roberts LR, Josien H, Therien AG, Hett EC, Howell BJ, Peier A, Ai X, Cassaday J. A high-throughput microfluidic mechanoporation platform to enable intracellular delivery of cyclic peptides in cell-based assays. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10542. [PMID: 37693049 PMCID: PMC10487316 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are poised to target historically difficult to drug intracellular protein-protein interactions, however, their general cell impermeability poses a challenge for characterizing function. Recent advances in microfluidics have enabled permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane by physical cell deformation (i.e., mechanoporation), resulting in intracellular delivery of impermeable macromolecules in vector- and electrophoretic-free approaches. However, the number of payloads (e.g., peptides) and/or concentrations delivered via microfluidic mechanoporation is limited by having to pre-mix cells and payloads, a manually intensive process. In this work, we show that cells are momentarily permeable (t 1/2 = 1.1-2.8 min) after microfluidic vortex shedding (μVS) and that lower molecular weight macromolecules can be cytosolically delivered upon immediate exposure after cells are processed/permeabilized. To increase the ability to screen peptides, we built a system, dispensing-microfluidic vortex shedding (DμVS), that integrates a μVS chip with inline microplate-based dispensing. To do so, we synced an electronic pressure regulator, flow sensor, on/off dispense valve, and an x-y motion platform in a software-driven feedback loop. Using this system, we were able to deliver low microliter-scale volumes of transiently mechanoporated cells to hundreds of wells on microtiter plates in just several minutes (e.g., 96-well plate filled in <2.5 min). We validated the delivery of an impermeable peptide directed at MDM2, a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, using a click chemistry- and NanoBRET-based cell permeability assay in 96-well format, with robust delivery across the full plate. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DμVS could be used to identify functional, low micromolar, cellular activity of otherwise cell-inactive MDM2-binding peptides using a p53 reporter cell assay in 96- and 384-well format. Overall, DμVS can be combined with downstream cell assays to investigate intracellular target engagement in a high-throughput manner, both for improving structure-activity relationship efforts and for early proof-of-biology of non-optimized peptide (or potentially other macromolecular) tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Kuang
- Merck & Co., Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Chandra S. Verma
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | | | | | - David P. Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Ai
- Merck & Co., Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
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Pedrera L, Ros U, García-Sáez AJ. Calcium as a master regulator of ferroptosis and other types of regulated necrosis. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102778. [PMID: 37356350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of proliferation and cell death is fundamental for organismal development and for restoring tissue homeostasis after biological stress. During the last years, several forms of regulated cell death have been discovered that share the loss of plasma membrane integrity as a common hallmark and that are collectively known as regulated necrosis (RN) pathways. During RN, plasma membrane damage is sensed by the cell by increases in the levels of intracellular calcium. Interestingly, cytosolic calcium influx can either lead to cell death or survival, given the versatile role of this ion in regulating multiple signaling processes. Among them, membrane repair enables the cells to tolerate the injury and, even in some conditions, survive. Here, we review calcium signaling in the context of RN pathways, with a focus on ferroptosis, a type of RN in which plasma membrane damage is elicited by the accumulation of oxidized lipids. In contrast, other forms of RN such as necroptosis and pyroptosis require dedicated pore-forming proteins for plasma membrane damage and cell death. We first focus on the current knowledge regarding the contribution of calcium to ferroptosis, and then illustrate the similarities and differences in calcium signaling with necroptosis and pyroptosis. Calcium signaling emerges as a key event in the cellular responses to membrane damage and in the regulation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohans Pedrera
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uris Ros
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, Cologne, Germany.
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37
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Ye L, Yu C, Shi F. Myocardial injury before noncardiac surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1207124. [PMID: 37692037 PMCID: PMC10492582 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1207124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-cardiac surgical procedures present a significant circulatory stress and can potentially trigger cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Myocardial injury before non-cardiac surgery is associated with an increased risk of mortality and major cardiovascular complications during perioperative period, as well as up to 5 years after non-cardiac surgery. While the definition of preoperative myocardial injury is not yet clear, it is generally understood as myocardial injury resulting from various causes of troponin elevation without acute coronary syndrome prior to surgery. Detecting preoperative myocardial injury through routine troponin monitoring is crucial for reducing perioperative risk, but it is also challenging. The aim of this review is to discuss the definition of preoperative myocardial injury, its pathophysiology, implications on clinical practice and decision-making for patients with elevated troponin levels before non-cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, JiuJiang, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zeng
- Cardiovascular Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, JiuJiang, China
| | - Changda Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, JiuJiang, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, JiuJiang, China
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38
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Ferreira G, Cardozo R, Sastre S, Costa C, Santander A, Chavarría L, Guizzo V, Puglisi J, Nicolson GL. Bacterial toxins and heart function: heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin B promotes changes in cardiac function with possible relevance for sudden cardiac death. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:447-473. [PMID: 37681088 PMCID: PMC10480140 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins can cause cardiomyopathy, though it is not its most common cause. Some bacterial toxins can form pores in the membrane of cardiomyocytes, while others can bind to membrane receptors. Enterotoxigenic E. coli can secrete enterotoxins, including heat-resistant (ST) or labile (LT) enterotoxins. LT is an AB5-type toxin that can bind to specific cell receptors and disrupt essential host functions, causing several common conditions, such as certain diarrhea. The pentameric B subunit of LT, without A subunit (LTB), binds specifically to certain plasma membrane ganglioside receptors, found in lipid rafts of cardiomyocytes. Isolated guinea pig hearts and cardiomyocytes were exposed to different concentrations of purified LTB. In isolated hearts, mechanical and electrical alternans and an increment of heart rate variability, with an IC50 of ~0.2 μg/ml LTB, were observed. In isolated cardiomyocytes, LTB promoted significant decreases in the amplitude and the duration of action potentials. Na+ currents were inhibited whereas L-type Ca2+ currents were augmented at their peak and their fast inactivation was promoted. Delayed rectifier K+ currents decreased. Measurements of basal Ca2+ or Ca2+ release events in cells exposed to LTB suggest that LTB impairs Ca2+ homeostasis. Impaired calcium homeostasis is linked to sudden cardiac death. The results are consistent with the recent view that the B subunit is not merely a carrier of the A subunit, having a role explaining sudden cardiac death in children (SIDS) infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli, explaining several epidemiological findings that establish a strong relationship between SIDS and ETEC E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-023-01100-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Carlos Costa
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Axel Santander
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - Valentina Guizzo
- Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, CP Uruguay
| | - José Puglisi
- College of Medicine, California North State University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757 USA
| | - G. L. Nicolson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Beach, Huntington, CA USA
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39
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Bulgart HR, Goncalves I, Weisleder N. Leveraging Plasma Membrane Repair Therapeutics for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1660. [PMID: 37371130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and widespread neuronal death. While the toxic intracellular effects of these changes in cellular physiology have been defined, the specific mechanism of neuronal death in certain neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. An abundance of recent evidence indicates that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation in the membrane are key contributors to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, we have outlined evidence supporting the hypothesis that membrane damage is a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutically enhancing membrane repair can potentially combat neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bulgart
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabella Goncalves
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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40
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Wu B, Shi L, Wu Y. PTEN Inhibitor Treatment Lowers Muscle Plasma Membrane Damage and Enhances Muscle ECM Homeostasis after High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9954. [PMID: 37373102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence in athletes and can lead to delayed onset muscle soreness, reduced athletic performance, and an increased risk of secondary injury. EIMD is a complex process involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and various cellular signaling pathways. Timely and effective repair of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plasma membrane (PM) damage is critical for recovery from EIMD. Recent studies have shown that the targeted inhibition of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) in skeletal muscles can enhance the ECM environment and reduce membrane damage in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mice. However, the effects of PTEN inhibition on EIMD are unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of VO-OHpic (VO), a PTEN inhibitor, on EIMD symptoms and underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate that VO treatment effectively enhances skeletal muscle function and reduces strength loss during EIMD by upregulating membrane repair signals related to MG53 and ECM repair signals related to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). These results highlight the potential of pharmacological PTEN inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for EIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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41
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Devant P, Kagan JC. Molecular mechanisms of gasdermin D pore-forming activity. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w. [PMID: 37277654 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulated disruption of the plasma membrane, which can promote cell death, cytokine secretion or both is central to organismal health. The protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a key player in this process. GSDMD forms membrane pores that can promote cytolysis and the release of interleukin-1 family cytokines into the extracellular space. Recent discoveries have revealed biochemical and cell biological mechanisms that control GSDMD pore-forming activity and its diverse downstream immunological effects. Here, we review these multifaceted regulatory activities, including mechanisms of GSDMD activation by proteolytic cleavage, dynamics of pore assembly, regulation of GSDMD activities by posttranslational modifications, membrane repair and the interplay of GSDMD and mitochondria. We also address recent insights into the evolution of the gasdermin family and their activities in species across the kingdoms of life. In doing so, we hope to condense recent progress and inform future studies in this rapidly moving field in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Devant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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42
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Liu J, Li RS, Zhang L, Wang J, Dong Q, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xue P. Enzyme-Activatable Polypeptide for Plasma Membrane Disruption and Antitumor Immunity Elicitation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206912. [PMID: 36932931 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-instructed self-assembly of bioactive molecules into nanobundles inside cells is conceived to potentially disrupt plasma membrane and subcellular structure. Herein, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-activatable hybrid of ICG-CF4 KYp is facilely synthesized by conjugating photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) with CF4 KYp peptide via classical Michael addition reaction. ALP-induced dephosphorylation of ICG-CF4 KYp enables its transformation from small-molecule precursor into rigid nanofibrils, and such fibrillation in situ causes severe mechanical disruption of cytomembrane. Besides, ICG-mediated photosensitization causes additional oxidative damage of plasma membrane by lipid peroxidation. Hollow MnO2 nanospheres devote to deliver ICG-CF4 KYp into tumorous tissue through tumor-specific acidity/glutathione-triggered degradation of MnO2 , which is monitored by fluorescent probing and magnetic resonance imaging. The burst release of damage-associated molecular patterns and other tumor antigens during therapy effectively triggers immunogenetic cell death and improves immune stimulatory, as demonstrated by the promotion of dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, as well as constraint of regulatory T cell population. Taken together, such cytomembrane injury strategy based on peptide fibrillation in situ holds high clinical promise for lesion-specific elimination of primary, abscopal, and metastatic tumors, which may enlighten more bioinspired nanoplatforms for anticancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rong Sheng Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qi Dong
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Raj N, Greune L, Kahms M, Mildner K, Franzkoch R, Psathaki OE, Zobel T, Zeuschner D, Klingauf J, Gerke V. Early Endosomes Act as Local Exocytosis Hubs to Repair Endothelial Membrane Damage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300244. [PMID: 36938863 PMCID: PMC10161044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of a cell is subject to stresses causing ruptures that must be repaired immediately to preserve membrane integrity and ensure cell survival. Yet, the spatio-temporal membrane dynamics at the wound site and the source of the membrane required for wound repair are poorly understood. Here, it is shown that early endosomes, previously only known to function in the uptake of extracellular material and its endocytic transport, are involved in plasma membrane repair in human endothelial cells. Using live-cell imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that membrane injury triggers a previously unknown exocytosis of early endosomes that is induced by Ca2+ entering through the wound. This exocytosis is restricted to the vicinity of the wound site and mediated by the endosomal soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) VAMP2, which is crucial for efficient membrane repair. Thus, the newly identified Ca2+ -evoked and localized exocytosis of early endosomes supplies the membrane material required for rapid resealing of a damaged plasma membrane, thereby providing the first line of defense against damage in mechanically challenged endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raj
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Kahms
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Department of Biology, integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanO), University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Department of Biology, integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanO), University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Scott IL, Dominguez MJ, Snow A, Harsini FM, Williams J, Fuson KL, Thapa R, Bhattacharjee P, Cornwall GA, Keyel PA, Sutton RB. Pathogenic Mutations in the C2A Domain of Dysferlin form Amyloid that Activates the Inflammasome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538129. [PMID: 37163031 PMCID: PMC10168229 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type-2B/2R is caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene ( DYSF ). This disease has two known pathogenic missense mutations that occur within dysferlin's C2A domain, namely C2A W52R and C2A V67D . Yet, the etiological rationale to explain the disease linkage for these two mutations is still unclear. In this study, we have presented evidence from biophysical, computational, and immunological experiments which suggest that these missense mutations interfere with dysferlin's ability to repair cells. The failure of C2A W52R and C2A V67D to initiate membrane repair arises from their propensity to form stable amyloid. The misfolding of the C2A domain caused by either mutation exposes β-strands, which are predicted to nucleate classical amyloid structures. When dysferlin C2A amyloid is formed, it triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. The present study suggests that the muscle dysfunction and inflammation evident in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy types-2B/2R, specifically in cases involving C2A W52R and C2A V67D , as well as other C2 domain mutations with considerable hydrophobic core involvement, may be attributed to this mechanism.
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45
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Thapa R, Keyel PA. Patch repair protects cells from the small pore-forming toxin aerolysin. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261018. [PMID: 36951121 PMCID: PMC10198622 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerolysin family pore-forming toxins damage the membrane, but membrane repair responses used to resist them, if any, remain controversial. Four proposed membrane repair mechanisms include toxin removal by caveolar endocytosis, clogging by annexins, microvesicle shedding catalyzed by MEK, and patch repair. Which repair mechanism aerolysin triggers is unknown. Membrane repair requires Ca2+, but it is controversial if Ca2+ flux is triggered by aerolysin. Here, we determined Ca2+ influx and repair mechanisms activated by aerolysin. In contrast to what is seen with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), removal of extracellular Ca2+ protected cells from aerolysin. Aerolysin triggered sustained Ca2+ influx. Intracellular Ca2+ chelation increased cell death, indicating that Ca2+-dependent repair pathways were triggered. Caveolar endocytosis failed to protect cells from aerolysin or CDCs. MEK-dependent repair did not protect against aerolysin. Aerolysin triggered slower annexin A6 membrane recruitment compared to CDCs. In contrast to what is seen with CDCs, expression of the patch repair protein dysferlin protected cells from aerolysin. We propose aerolysin triggers a Ca2+-dependent death mechanism that obscures repair, and the primary repair mechanism used to resist aerolysin is patch repair. We conclude that different classes of bacterial toxins trigger distinct repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Peter A. Keyel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Rayens NT, Cook KJ, McKinley SA, Payne CK. Palmitate-mediated disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum decreases intracellular vesicle motility. Biophys J 2023; 122:1355-1363. [PMID: 36869590 PMCID: PMC10111363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential cellular processes such as metabolism, protein synthesis, and autophagy require the intracellular transport of membrane-bound vesicles. The importance of the cytoskeleton and associated molecular motors for transport is well documented. Recent research has suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may also play a role in vesicle transport through a tethering of vesicles to the ER. We use single-particle tracking fluorescence microscopy and a Bayesian change-point algorithm to characterize vesicle motility in response to the disruption of the ER, actin, and microtubules. This high-throughput change-point algorithm allows us to efficiently analyze thousands of trajectory segments. We find that palmitate-mediated disruption of the ER leads to a significant decrease in vesicle motility. A comparison with the disruption of actin and microtubules shows that disruption of the ER has a significant impact on vesicle motility, greater than the disruption of actin. Vesicle motility was dependent on cellular region, with greater motility in the cell periphery than the perinuclear region, possibly due to regional differences in actin and the ER. Overall, these results suggest that the ER is an important factor in vesicle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Rayens
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Keisha J Cook
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Scott A McKinley
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Christine K Payne
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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Nakamura M, Hui J, Stjepić V, Parkhurst SM. Scar/WAVE has Rac GTPase-independent functions during cell wound repair. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4763. [PMID: 36959278 PMCID: PMC10036328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases regulate both linear and branched actin dynamics by activating downstream effectors to facilitate the assembly and function of complex cellular structures such as lamellipodia and contractile actomyosin rings. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) family proteins are downstream effectors of Rho family GTPases that usually function in a one-to-one correspondence to regulate branched actin nucleation. In particular, the WAS protein Scar/WAVE has been shown to exhibit one-to-one correspondence with Rac GTPase. Here we show that Rac and SCAR are recruited to cell wounds in the Drosophila repair model and are required for the proper formation and maintenance of the dynamic actomyosin ring formed at the wound periphery. Interestingly, we find that SCAR is recruited to wounds earlier than Rac and is still recruited to the wound periphery in the presence of a potent Rac inhibitor. We also show that while Rac is important for actin recruitment to the actomyosin ring, SCAR serves to organize the actomyosin ring and facilitate its anchoring to the overlying plasma membrane. These differing spatiotemporal recruitment patterns and wound repair phenotypes highlight the Rac-independent functions of SCAR and provide an exciting new context in which to investigate these newly uncovered SCAR functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Hui J, Nakamura M, Dubrulle J, Parkhurst SM. Coordinated efforts of different actin filament populations are needed for optimal cell wound repair. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar15. [PMID: 36598808 PMCID: PMC10011732 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to a barrage of daily insults that often lead to their cortices being ripped open and requiring immediate repair. An important component of the cell's repair response is the formation of an actomyosin ring at the wound periphery to mediate its closure. Here we show that inhibition of myosin or the linear actin nucleation factors Diaphanous and/or dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis results in a disrupted contractile apparatus and delayed wound closure. We also show that the branched actin nucleators WASp and SCAR function nonredundantly as scaffolds to assemble and maintain this contractile actomyosin cable. Removing branched actin leads to the formation of smaller circular actin-myosin structures at the cell cortex and to slow wound closure. Removing linear and branched actin simultaneously results in failed wound closure. Surprisingly, removal of branched actin and myosin results in the formation of parallel linear F-actin filaments that undergo a chiral swirling movement to close the wound, uncovering a new mechanism of cell wound closure. Taken together, we demonstrate the roles of different actin substructures that are required for optimal actomyosin ring formation and the extraordinary resilience of the cell to undergo wound repair when it is unable to form different subsets of these substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | | | - Julien Dubrulle
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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Vo A, Murphy M, Phan P, Stone T, Prabhu R. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Membrane Systems in the context of Traumatic Brain Injury. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Rapid Changes to Endomembrane System of Infected Root Nodule Cells to Adapt to Unusual Lifestyle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054647. [PMID: 36902077 PMCID: PMC10002930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria rhizobia is a refined type of plant-microbial interaction that has a great importance to the global balance of nitrogen. The reduction of atmospheric nitrogen takes place in infected cells of a root nodule that serves as a temporary shelter for thousands of living bacteria, which, per se, is an unusual state of a eukaryotic cell. One of the most striking features of an infected cell is the drastic changes in the endomembrane system that occur after the entrance of bacteria to the host cell symplast. Mechanisms for maintaining intracellular bacterial colony represent an important part of symbiosis that have still not been sufficiently clarified. This review focuses on the changes that occur in an endomembrane system of infected cells and on the putative mechanisms of infected cell adaptation to its unusual lifestyle.
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