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Chovanec M, Ďurišová J, Vajnerová O, Baňasová A, Vízek M, Žaloudíková M, Uhlík J, Krása K, Herget J, Hampl V. Simple model of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart pressure overload induced by partial intravascular occlusion of the ascending aorta. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L371-L381. [PMID: 39010823 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00243.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a group of diseases characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance with significant morbidity and mortality. The most prevalent type is pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease (PH-LHD). The available experimental models of PH-LHD use partial pulmonary clamping by technically nontrivial open-chest surgery with lengthy recovery. We present a simple model in which the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta is achieved not by external clamping but by partial intravascular obstruction without opening the chest. In anesthetized rats, a blind polyethylene tubing was advanced from the right carotid artery to just above the aortic valve. The procedure is quick and easy to learn. Three weeks after the procedure, left heart pressure overload was confirmed by measuring left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by puncture (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 mmHg in controls, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). The presence of pulmonary hypertension was documented by measuring pulmonary artery pressure by catheterization (22.3 ± 2.3 vs. 16.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, P = 0.0282) and by detecting right ventricular hypertrophy and increased muscularization of peripheral pulmonary vessels. Contributions of a precapillary vascular segment and vasoconstriction to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance were demonstrated, respectively, by arterial occlusion technique and by normalization of resistance by a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, in isolated lungs. These changes were comparable, but not additive, to those induced by an established pulmonary hypertension model, chronic hypoxic exposure. Intravascular partial aortic obstruction offers an easy model of pulmonary hypertension induced by left heart disease that has a vasoconstrictor and precapillary component.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present a new, simple model of a clinically important type of pulmonary hypertension, that induced by left heart failure. Left ventricular pressure overload is induced in rats by inserting a blinded cannula into the ascending aorta via carotid artery access. This partial intravascular aortic obstruction, which does not require opening of the chest and prolonged recovery, causes pulmonary hypertension, which has a precapillary and vasoconstrictor as well as a vascular remodeling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Chovanec
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ďurišová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vajnerová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Baňasová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vízek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Uhlík
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Krása
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Herget
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ogoshi T, Yatera K, Mukae H, Tsutsui M. Role of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Respiratory Health and Disease: Insights from Triple Nitric Oxide Synthases Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9317. [PMID: 39273265 PMCID: PMC11395504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The system of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) is comprised of three isoforms: nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. The roles of NOSs in respiratory diseases in vivo have been studied by using inhibitors of NOSs and NOS-knockout mice. Their exact roles remain uncertain, however, because of the non-specificity of inhibitors of NOSs and compensatory up-regulation of other NOSs in NOS-KO mice. We addressed this point in our triple-n/i/eNOSs-KO mice. Triple-n/i/eNOSs-KO mice spontaneously developed pulmonary emphysema and displayed exacerbation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Triple-n/i/eNOSs-KO mice exhibited worsening of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), which was reversed by treatment with sodium nitrate, and WT mice that underwent triple-n/i/eNOSs-KO bone marrow transplantation (BMT) also showed aggravation of hypoxic PH compared with those that underwent WT BMT. Conversely, ovalbumin-evoked asthma was milder in triple-n/i/eNOSs-KO than WT mice. These results suggest that the roles of NOSs are different in different pathologic states, even in the same respiratory diseases, indicating the diversity of the roles of NOSs. In this review, we describe these previous studies and discuss the roles of NOSs in respiratory health and disease. We also explain the current state of development of inorganic nitrate as a new drug for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kokura Memorial Hospital, 1-1 Asano, Kokura-kita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-0802, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Mago E, Zhao X, Zhang W, Shao Q, Li P, Huang S, Ding X, Liu H, Sun T, He F, Weng D. RIP1 kinase inactivation protects against LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112060. [PMID: 38652970 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung tissue oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration, with limited therapeutic interventions available. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a critical regulator of cell death and inflammation implicated in many diseases, is not fully understood in the context of ARDS. In this study, we employed RIP1 kinase-inactivated (Rip1K45A/K45A) mice and two distinct RIPK1 inhibitors to investigate the contributions of RIP1 kinase activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS pathology. Our results indicated that RIPK1 kinase inactivation, achieved through both genetic and chemical approaches, significantly attenuated LPS-induced ARDS pathology, as demonstrated by reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage (PMN%) in alveolar lavage fluid, expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related factors in lung tissues, as well as histological examination. Results by tunnel staining and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that RIPK1 kinase activity played a role in regulating cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS administration in lung tissue. In summary, employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, this study demonstrated that targeted RIPK1 kinase inactivation attenuates the pathological phenotype induced by LPS inhalation in an ARDS mouse model. This study enhances our understanding of the therapeutic potential of RIPK1 kinase modulation in ARDS, providing insights for the pathogenesis of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmauel Mago
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xunan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qianchao Shao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, Anhui, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Heiss J, Grün K, Singerer I, Tempel L, Matasci M, Jung C, Pfeil A, Schulze PC, Neri D, Franz M. Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Murine Lungs in a Model of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension: Effects of an Antibody-Based Targeted Delivery of Interleukin-9. Adv Respir Med 2024; 92:27-35. [PMID: 38247549 PMCID: PMC10801467 DOI: 10.3390/arm92010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial process driven by inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. To target these two aspects of PH, we recently tested a novel treatment: Interleukin-9 (IL9) fused to F8, an antibody that binds to the extra-domain A of fibronectin (EDA+ Fn). As EDA+ Fn is not found in healthy adult tissue but is expressed during PH, IL9 is delivered specifically to the tissue affected by PH. We found that F8IL9 reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and attenuated PH compared with sham-treated mice. PURPOSE To evaluate possible F8IL9 effects on PH-associated inflammatory processes, we analysed the expression of genes involved in pulmonary immune responses. METHODS We applied the monocrotaline (MCT) model of PH in mice (n = 44). Animals were divided into five experimental groups: sham-induced animals without PH (control, n = 4), MCT-induced PH without treatment (PH, n = 8), dual endothelin receptor antagonist treatment (dual ERA, n = 8), F8IL9 treatment (n = 12, 2 formats with n = 6 each), or with KSFIL9 treatment (KSFIL9, n = 12, 2 formats with n = 6 each, KSF: control antibody with irrelevant antigen specificity). After 28 days, a RT-PCR gene expression analysis of inflammatory response (84 genes) was performed in the lung. RESULTS Compared with the controls, 19 genes exhibited relevant (+2.5-fold) upregulation in the PH group without treatment. Gene expression levels in F8IL9-treated lung tissue were reduced compared to the PH group without treatment. This was the case especially for CCL20, CXCL5, C-reactive protein, pentraxin related (CRPPR), and Kininogen-1 (KNG1). CONCLUSION In accordance with the hypothesis stated above, F8IL9 treatment diminished the upregulation of some genes associated with inflammation in a PH animal model. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL9-based immunocytokine treatment will likely modulate various inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Heiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
- Else Kröner Graduate School for Medical Students “JSAM”, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Grün
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Isabell Singerer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Laura Tempel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | | | - Christian Jung
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AG, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (M.M.)
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (K.G.); (I.S.); (L.T.); (P.C.S.)
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Schulze KM, Horn AG, Weber RE, Behnke BJ, Poole DC, Musch TI. Pulmonary hypertension alters blood flow distribution and impairs the hyperemic response in the rat diaphragm. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1281715. [PMID: 38187132 PMCID: PMC10766809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1281715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, respiratory muscle and cardiac impairments, and exercise intolerance. Specifically, impaired gas exchange increases work of the diaphragm; however, compromised contractile function precludes the diaphragm from meeting the increased metabolic demand of chronic hyperventilation in PH. Given that muscle contractile function is in part, dependent upon adequate blood flow (Q ˙ ), diaphragmatic dysfunction may be predicated by an inability to match oxygen delivery with oxygen demand. We hypothesized that PH rats would demonstrate a decreased hyperemic response to contractions compared to healthy controls. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into healthy (HC, n = 7) or PH (n = 7) groups. PH rats were administered monocrotaline (MCT) while HC rats received vehicle. Disease progression was monitored via echocardiography. Regional and total diaphragm blood flow and vascular conductance at baseline and during 3 min of electrically-stimulated contractions were determined using fluorescent microspheres. Results: PH rats displayed morphometric and echocardiographic criteria for disease (i.e., acceleration time/ejection time, right ventricular hypertrophy). In all rats, total costal diaphragm Q ˙ increased during contractions and did not differ between groups. In HC rats, there was a greater increase in medial costal Q ˙ compared to PH rats (55% ± 3% vs. 44% ± 4%, p < 0.05), who demonstrated a redistribution of Q ˙ to the ventral costal region. Conclusion: These findings support a redistribution of regional diaphragm perfusion and an impaired medial costal hyperemic response in PH, suggesting that PH alters diaphragm vascular function and oxygen delivery, providing a potential mechanism for PH-induced diaphragm contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana M. Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Andrew G. Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ramona E. Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Bradley J. Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - David C. Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Timothy I. Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Zhang JY, Zhao LJ, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule drugs approved to treat prostatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115925. [PMID: 37948954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent form of cancer that primarily affects men, with a high incidence and mortality rate. It is the second most common cancer among males, following lung cancer. Typically occurring in individuals aged 50 and above, this malignant tumor originates from abnormal cells in the prostate tissue. If left untreated, it can spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, and even bones. Current treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments have certain limitations and side effects. Therefore, researching and developing new small-molecule drugs to treat prostate cancer is of great significance. In recent years, many small-molecule drugs have been proven to have therapeutic effects on prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive look at the clinical uses and synthetic methods of various significant small-molecule drugs that have been approved to treat prostate cancer, to facilitate the development of more powerful and innovative drugs for the effective control of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Krása K, Vajnerová O, Ďurišová J, Minaříková M, Miková D, Srbová M, Chalupský K, Kaftanová B, Hampl V. Simvastatin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate effects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension are not additive. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. To test our hypothesis that combining two drugs useful in experimental pulmonary hypertension, statins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA S), is more effective than either agent alone, we induced pulmonary hypertension in adult male rats by exposing them to hypoxia (10%O2) for 3 weeks. We treated them with simvastatin (60 mg/l) and DHEA S (100 mg/l) in drinking water, either alone or in combination. Both simvastatin and DHEA S reduced mPAP (froma mean±s.d. of 34.4±4.4 to 27.6±5.9 and 26.7±4.8 mmHg, respectively), yet their combination was not more effective (26.7±7.9 mmHg). Differences in the degree of oxidative stress (indicated by malondialdehydeplasma concentration),the rate of superoxide production (electron paramagnetic resonance), or blood nitric oxide levels (chemiluminescence) did not explain the lack of additivity of the effect of DHEA S and simvastatin on pulmonary hypertension. We propose that the main mechanism of both drugs on pulmonary hypertension could be their inhibitory effect on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, which could explain their lack of additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krása
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Mohamed NA, Marei I, Crovella S, Abou-Saleh H. Recent Developments in Nanomaterials-Based Drug Delivery and Upgrading Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1404. [PMID: 35163328 PMCID: PMC8836006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, despite the recent developments in the management of CVDs, the early and long outcomes vary considerably in patients, especially with the current challenges facing the detection and treatment of CVDs. This disparity is due to a lack of advanced diagnostic tools and targeted therapies, requiring innovative and alternative methods. Nanotechnology offers the opportunity to use nanomaterials in improving health and controlling diseases. Notably, nanotechnologies have recognized potential applicability in managing chronic diseases in the past few years, especially cancer and CVDs. Of particular interest is the use of nanoparticles as drug carriers to increase the pharmaco-efficacy and safety of conventional therapies. Different strategies have been proposed to use nanoparticles as drug carriers in CVDs; however, controversies regarding the selection of nanomaterials and nanoformulation are slowing their clinical translation. Therefore, this review focuses on nanotechnology for drug delivery and the application of nanomedicine in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nura A. Mohamed
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Isra Marei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Dilasser F, Rio M, Rose L, Tesse A, Guignabert C, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Smooth muscle Rac1 contributes to pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3418-3429. [PMID: 35064565 PMCID: PMC9305120 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by an increase in pulmonary artery (PA) resistance leading to right ventricle (RV) failure. Endothelial dysfunction and alteration of NO/cGMP signalling in PA plays a major role in PH. We recently described the involvement of the Rho protein Rac1 in the control of systemic blood pressure through its involvement in NO‐mediated relaxation of arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC). The aim of this study was to analyse the role of SMC Rac1 in PH. Experimental Approach PH is induced by exposure of control and SMC Rac1‐deficient (SM‐Rac1‐KO) mice to chronic hypoxia (10% O2, 4 weeks). PH is assessed by the measurement of RV systolic pressure and hypertrophy. PA reactivity is analysed by isometric tension measurements. PA remodelling is quantified by immunofluorescence in lung sections and ROS are detected using the dihydroethidium probe and electronic paramagnetic resonance analysis. Rac1 activity is determined by immunofluorescence. Key Results Rac1 activation in PA of hypoxic mice and patients with idiopathic PH. Hypoxia‐induced rise in RV systolic pressure, RV hypertrophy and loss of endothelium‐dependent relaxation were significantly decreased in SM‐Rac1‐KO mice compared to control mice. SMC Rac1 deletion also limited hypoxia‐induced PA remodelling and ROS production in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Conclusion and Implications Our results provide evidence for a protective effect of SM Rac1 deletion against hypoxic PH. Rac1 activity in PASMCs plays a causal role in PH by favouring ROS‐dependent PA remodelling and endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dilasser
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | - Marc Rio
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | - Lindsay Rose
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | - Angela Tesse
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Inserm UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Le Plessis‐Robinson France
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris‐Saclay Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
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Parshukova OI, Varlamova NG, Potolitsyna NN, Lyudinina AY, Bojko ER. Features of Metabolic Support of Physical Performance in Highly Trained Cross-Country Skiers of Different Qualifications during Physical Activity at Maximum Load. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010039. [PMID: 35011601 PMCID: PMC8750590 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to identify the features of metabolic regulation in highly trained cross-country skiers of different qualifications at different stages of the maximum load test. We examined 124 highly trained cross-country skiers (male, ages 17–24). The group consisted of two subgroups based on their competition performance: 61 nonelite athletes (Group I) and 63 elite athletes (group II), who were current members of the national team of the Komi Republic and Russia. The bicycle ergometer test was performed by using the OxyconPro system (Erich Jaeger, Hoechberg, Germany). All the examined athletes performed the exercise test on a cycle ergometer “until exhaustion”. The results of our research indicate that the studied groups of athletes with high, but different levels of sports qualifications are a convenient model for studying the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to physical loads of maximum intensity. Athletes of higher qualifications reveal additional adaptive mechanisms of metabolic regulation, which is manifested in the independence of serum lactate indicators under conditions of submaximal and maximum power from maximal oxygen uptake, and they have an NO-dependent mechanism for regulating lactate levels during aerobic exercise, including work at the anaerobic threshold.
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Castro SA, Taylor ET, Tavares D, Filogonio R, Rodriges GJ, Leite CAC. Role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system of South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 95:168-182. [DOI: 10.1086/718292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mukherjee D, Konduri GG. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2135-2190. [PMID: 34190343 PMCID: PMC8289457 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a multifactorial disease with diverse etiologies and presenting features. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as elevated pulmonary artery pressure, is the presenting feature for several pulmonary vascular diseases. It is often a hidden component of other lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Alterations in lung development and genetic conditions are an important contributor to pediatric pulmonary hypertensive disease, which is a distinct entity from adult PH. Many of the causes of pediatric PH have prenatal onset with altered lung development due to maternal and fetal conditions. Since lung growth is altered in several conditions that lead to PPH, therapy for PPH includes both pulmonary vasodilators and strategies to restore lung growth. These strategies include optimal alveolar recruitment, maintaining physiologic blood gas tension, nutritional support, and addressing contributing factors, such as airway disease and gastroesophageal reflux. The outcome for infants and children with PH is highly variable and largely dependent on the underlying cause. The best outcomes are for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and reversible lung diseases, while some genetic conditions such as alveolar capillary dysplasia are lethal. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2135-2190, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashis Mukherjee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
| | - Girija G. Konduri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
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Lázár Z, Mészáros M, Bikov A. The Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Pathomechanism, Biomarkers and Drug Targets. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7168-7188. [PMID: 32442078 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200522215047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The altered Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway in the pulmonary endothelium leads to increased vascular smooth muscle tone and vascular remodelling, and thus contributes to the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The pulmonary NO signalling is abrogated by the decreased expression and dysfunction of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and the accumulation of factors blocking eNOS functionality. The NO deficiency of the pulmonary vasculature can be assessed by detecting nitric oxide in the exhaled breath or measuring the degradation products of NO (nitrite, nitrate, S-nitrosothiol) in blood or urine. These non-invasive biomarkers might show the potential to correlate with changes in pulmonary haemodynamics and predict response to therapies. Current pharmacological therapies aim to stimulate pulmonary NO signalling by suppressing the degradation of NO (phosphodiesterase- 5 inhibitors) or increasing the formation of the endothelial cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which mediates the downstream effects of the pathway (soluble guanylate cyclase sensitizers). Recent data support that nitrite compounds and dietary supplements rich in nitrate might increase pulmonary NO availability and lessen vascular resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge on the involvement of the NO pathway in the pathomechanism of PAH, explores novel and easy-to-detect biomarkers of the pulmonary NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Lázár
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martina Mészáros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Ogoshi T, Tsutsui M, Yatera K, Mukae H. [Protective role of myelocytic nitric oxide synthases in pulmonary hypertension due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:69-73. [PMID: 32115480 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), formed from NO synthases (NOSs), plays a pathogenetic role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of NO/NOSs in bone marrow (BM) cells in PH remains to be clarified. We addressed this point in clinical and basic studies. We demonstrated that, in 36 consecutive patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary artery systolic pressure is inversely correlated with NOx levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting reduced pulmonary NO production in group III PH. We then revealed that transplantation of BM cells from mice lacking all NOSs aggravates hypoxia-induced PH in wild-type (WT) mice, and transplantation of BM cells from the WT mice ameliorates hypoxia-induced PH in the NOSs-/- mice, indicating a protective role of myelocytic NOSs in the pathogenesis of PH. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms appeared to be involved in the aggravation of hypoxia-induced PH caused by transplantation of BM cells from the NOSs-/- mice. Our findings provide novel insights into the cellular and molecular basis of group III PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kokura Memorial Hospital
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Edmonston DL, Parikh KS, Rajagopal S, Shaw LK, Abraham D, Grabner A, Sparks MA, Wolf M. Pulmonary Hypertension Subtypes and Mortality in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 75:713-724. [PMID: 31732231 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) contributes to cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the pathophysiology is mostly unknown. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and consequences of PH subtypes in the setting of CKD. STUDY DESIGN Observational retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We examined 12,618 patients with a right heart catheterization in the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Disease from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014. EXPOSURES Baseline kidney function stratified by CKD glomerular filtration rate category and PH subtype. OUTCOMES All-cause mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS In this cohort, 73.4% of patients with CKD had PH, compared with 56.9% of patients without CKD. Isolated postcapillary PH (39.0%) and combined pre- and postcapillary PH (38.3%) were the most common PH subtypes in CKD. Conversely, precapillary PH was the most common subtype in the non-CKD cohort (35.9%). The relationships between mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and right atrial pressure with mortality were similar in both the CKD and non-CKD cohorts. Compared with those without PH, precapillary PH conferred the highest mortality risk among patients without CKD (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.00-2.57). By contrast, in those with CKD, combined pre- and postcapillary PH was associated with the highest risk for mortality in CKD in adjusted analyses (compared with no PH, HRs of 1.89 [95% CI, 1.57-2.28], 1.87 [95% CI, 1.52-2.31], 2.13 [95% CI, 1.52-2.97], and 1.63 [95% CI, 1.12-2.36] for glomerular filtration rate categories G3a, G3b, G4, and G5/G5D). LIMITATIONS The cohort referred for right heart catheterization may not be generalizable to the general population. Serum creatinine data in the 6 months preceding catheterization may not reflect true baseline CKD. Observational design precludes assumptions of causality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD referred for right heart catheterization, PH is common and associated with poor survival. Combined pre- and postcapillary PH was common and portended the worst survival for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Edmonston
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
| | - Kishan S Parikh
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Linda K Shaw
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Dennis Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Alexander Grabner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Renal Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Dietary arginine: metabolic, environmental, immunological and physiological interrelationships. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933910000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Ogoshi T, Tsutsui M, Kido T, Sakanashi M, Naito K, Oda K, Ishimoto H, Yamada S, Wang KY, Toyohira Y, Izumi H, Masuzaki H, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Yatera K, Mukae H. Protective Role of Myelocytic Nitric Oxide Synthases against Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:232-244. [PMID: 29480750 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1783oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NOSs (NO synthases), plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of NO/NOSs in bone marrow (BM) cells in PH remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of NOSs in BM cells in PH. METHODS Experiments were performed on 36 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and on wild-type (WT), nNOS (neuronal NOS)-/-, iNOS (inducible NOS)-/-, eNOS (endothelial NOS)-/-, and n/i/eNOSs-/- mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the patients, there was a significant correlation between higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure and lower nitrite plus nitrate levels in the BAL fluid. In the mice, hypoxia-induced PH deteriorated significantly in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype and, to a lesser extent, in the eNOS-/- genotype as compared with the WT genotype. In the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype exposed to hypoxia, the number of circulating BM-derived vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells was significantly larger, and transplantation of green fluorescent protein-transgenic BM cells revealed the contribution of BM cells to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Importantly, n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation significantly aggravated hypoxia-induced PH in the WT genotype, and WT-BM transplantation significantly ameliorated hypoxia-induced PH in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype. A total of 69 and 49 mRNAs related to immunity and inflammation, respectively, were significantly upregulated in the lungs of WT genotype mice transplanted with n/i/eNOSs-/--BM compared with those with WT-BM, suggesting the involvement of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the exacerbation of hypoxia-induced PH caused by n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that myelocytic n/i/eNOSs play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | - Hiroto Izumi
- 7 Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- 8 Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- 9 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mukae
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
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Kim HJ, Jang JH, Zhang YH, Yoo HY, Kim SJ. Fast relaxation and desensitization of angiotensin II contraction in the pulmonary artery via AT1R and Akt-mediated phosphorylation of muscular eNOS. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1317-1330. [PMID: 31468138 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) triggers a transient contraction of pulmonary arteries (PAs) followed by protracted desensitization. Based on the unconventional eNOS expression in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), we hypothesized that activation of smooth muscle eNOS by AngII might be responsible for fast relaxation and tachyphylaxis. Using dual-wire myograph, mechanically endothelium-denuded rat PA [E(-)PA] showed AngII concentration-dependent transient contractions (ΔTAngII, 95% decay within 1 min), which were abolished by losartan (AT1R antagonist). Neither PD123319 (AT2R antagonist) nor A779 (MasR antagonist) affected ΔTAngII. When the vessels were pretreated with L-NAME (NOS inhibitor), ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), or KT5823 (PKG inhibitor), ΔTAngII of E(-)PA became larger and sustained, whereas nNOS or iNOS inhibitors had no such effect. Immunoblotting of human PASMCs (hPASMCs) also showed eNOS expression, and AngII treatment induced activating phosphorylations of Ser1177 in eNOS and of Ser473 in Akt (Ser/Thr protein kinase B), an upstream signal of eNOS phosphorylation. In addition, L-NAME co-treatment promoted AngII-induced Ser19 phosphorylation of myosin light chain. In hPASMCs, AngII abolished plasma membrane expression of AT1R, and recovery by washout took more than 1 h. Consistent with the data from hPASMCs, the second application of AngII to E(-)PA did not induce contraction, and significant recovery of ΔTAngII required prolonged washout (> 2 h) in the myography study. L-NAME treatment before the second application facilitated recovery of ΔTAngII. Muscular eNOS plays an auto-inhibitory role in ΔTAngII of PAs. The molecular changes investigated in hPASMCs revealed eNOS phosphorylation and internalization of AT1R by AngII. We propose that the rat PA smooth muscle eNOS-induced lusitropy and slow recovery of AT1R from tachyphylaxis might counterbalance the excessive contractile response to AngII, contributing to the distinctive low-pressure pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Chung-Ang University Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul, 100-031, South Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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19
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The Structure of NO-Mediated Dilatation of Pulmonary Arteries Depends on NO Availability. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:247-249. [PMID: 31243672 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NO-mediated vasodilatation can be realized via two pathways: dependent and independent on soluble guanylate cyclase; the latter is implemented through NO interaction with ionic channels. We evaluated the contribution of these pathways into NO-induced relaxation of isolated pulmonary arteries in rats. In pulmonary arteries, in contrast to systemic vessels, soluble guanylate cyclase-independent mechanisms is more important, because it mediates relaxation in response to low concentrations of NO donor. The role of soluble guanylate cyclase-dependent mechanisms in the mechanisms of vasodilatation increases with increasing NO donor concentrations.
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20
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Ahmed NS. Tadalafil: 15 years' journey in male erectile dysfunction and beyond. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:683-701. [PMID: 30548639 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery Tadalafil, Cialis, Eli Lilly & Co./ICOS, (6R,12aR)-6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6] pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione, was first discovered in 2003. It was reported to have high diastereospecificity for phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitions. The cis-(6R, 12aR) enantiomer is the most active enantiomer. Tadalafil showed PDE5 inhibition with IC50 = 5 nM. It possesses high selectivity for PDE5 versus PDE1-4 and PDE6. Tadalafil is more selective to PDE5 against PDE6 whereas sildenafil, another commercially available PDE5 inhibitor shows similar potencies to inhibit PDE5 and PDE6. Tadalafil is used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MED), prostatic benign hyperplasia (PBH) signs and symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Adcirca, another name for tadalafil, is used to treat PAH and improve exercise capacity. Recent clinical studies suggest the use of tadalafil for nonurological applications, including circulatory disorders (ischemia injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke), neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitive impairment conditions. This review discusses tadalafil and its analogues reported in the past 15 years. It discusses synthetic pathways, structural activity relationships, existing and future pharmacological indications of tadalafil and its analogues. This work can help medicinal chemists developing novel PDE5 inhibitors with wider therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Banerjee S, Ghosh S, Sinha K, Chowdhury S, Sil PC. Sulphur dioxide ameliorates colitis related pathophysiology and inflammation. Toxicology 2018; 412:63-78. [PMID: 30503585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colitis is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death constitute the backbone of colitis. Most of the drugs prescribed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have various side effects. In this scenario, we would like to determine the therapeutic role sulphur dioxide, a gaso-transmitter produced through the metabolism of cysteine in colitis. Colitis was induced through intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in male Wistar rats. Rats were administered with 0.9% saline containing Na2SO3 and NaHSO3 (3:1 ratio; i.e., 0.54 mmol/kg and 0.18 mmol/kg body weight) orally 1 h after colitis induction followed by the administration of the same solution after each 12 h for 72 h. TNBS administration resulted in increased oxidative stress, NF-ĸ B and inflammasome activation, ER stress and autophagy. Moreover, TNBS administration also resulted in activation of p53 and apoptosis. SO2 reversed all these alterations and ameliorated colitis in rats. Administration of an inhibitor of endogenous SO2 production along with TNBS exacerbated colitis. Results suggest that down-regulation of SO2 / glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase pathway is involved in IBD. The protective role of SO2 in colitis is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant nature. Down-regulation of SO2/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase pathway is involved in IBD. Since SO2 is not toxic at low concentration and endogenously produced, it may be used with prescribed drugs for synergistic effect after intensive research. Our result demonstrated the therapeutic role of SO2 in colitis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj college, Jhargram 721507, India
| | - Sayantani Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Zhang B, Paffett ML, Naik JS, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Cholesterol Regulation of Pulmonary Endothelial Calcium Homeostasis. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:53-91. [PMID: 30360783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key structural component and regulator of lipid raft signaling platforms critical for cell function. Such regulation may involve changes in the biophysical properties of lipid microdomains or direct protein-sterol interactions that alter the function of ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and membrane structural proteins. Recent studies have implicated abnormal membrane cholesterol levels in mediating endothelial dysfunction that is characteristic of pulmonary hypertensive disorders, including that resulting from long-term exposure to hypoxia. Endothelial dysfunction in this setting is characterized by impaired pulmonary endothelial calcium entry and an associated imbalance that favors production vasoconstrictor and mitogenic factors that contribute to pulmonary hypertension. Here we review current knowledge of cholesterol regulation of pulmonary endothelial Ca2+ homeostasis, focusing on the role of membrane cholesterol in mediating agonist-induced Ca2+ entry and its components in the normal and hypertensive pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhang
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael L Paffett
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Klinger JR. Plasma nitrite/nitrate levels: a new biomarker for pulmonary arterial hypertension? Eur Respir J 2018; 48:1265-1267. [PMID: 27799378 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01542-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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24
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Zhou Y, Tian X, Wang X, Wang Y, Fan R, Wang Y, Feng N, Zhang S, Guo H, Gu X, Jia M, Yin W, Hou Z, Li J, Pei J. Quaternary ammonium salt of U50,488H elicits protective effects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:129-137. [PMID: 29782857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of quaternary ammonium salt of U50,488H (Q-U50,488H) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and underlying mechanisms involved. A HPH animal model was established in rats under hypoxia and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular pressure (RVP) were measured. Relaxation of the pulmonary artery in response to Q-U50,488H was determined. In addition, expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) with NO content, Akt expression, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and gp91phox were evaluated. Cell viability was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We demonstrated that both the molecular weight and solubility of Q-U50,488H were higher than that of U50,488H. Q-U50,488H reduced mPAP and RVP and prevented the development of HPH. Moreover, Q-U50,488H relaxed the pulmonary arteries from both normal and HPH rats in a time-dependent manner. Under hypoxic conditions, Q-U50,488H significantly increased Akt phosphorylation, eNOS phosphorylation, NO content in serum, and T-AOC in pulmonary arteries of HPH rats. In addition, the activity of eNOS was elevated, but the activity of iNOS was reduced when Q-U50,488H was given under hypoxia. Q-U50,488H significantly counteracted the increase of gp91phox expression in pulmonary arteries under hypoxia. In addition, in vitro studies suggested that Q-U50,488H inhibited pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation under hypoxic conditions and that the effects of Q-U50,488H were blocked by nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI). Thus, our results provided evidence that Q-U50,488H plays a protective role against HPH via κ-opioid receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhou
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zuoxu Hou
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianming Pei
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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25
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Andersson KE. PDE5 inhibitors - pharmacology and clinical applications 20 years after sildenafil discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2554-2565. [PMID: 29667180 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway was the basis for our understanding of many normal physiological functions and the pathophysiology of several diseases. Since the discovery and introduction of sildenafil, inhibitors of PDE5 have been the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). The success of sildenafil in the treatment of ED stimulated research in the field of PDE5 inhibition and led to many new applications, such as treatment of lower urinary symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which are now approved indications. However, PDE5 inhibitors have also been used in several other disorders not discussed in this review, and the fields of clinical use are increasing. In the present review, the pharmacological basis of the NO/cGMP pathway and the rationale and clinical use of PDE5 inhibitors in different diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Blum-Johnston C, Thorpe RB, Wee C, Opsahl R, Romero M, Murray S, Brunelle A, Blood Q, Wilson R, Blood AB, Zhang L, Longo LD, Pearce WJ, Wilson SM. Long-term hypoxia uncouples Ca 2+ and eNOS in bradykinin-mediated pulmonary arterial relaxation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29513562 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin-induced activation of the pulmonary endothelium triggers a rise in intracellular Ca2+ that activates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasorelaxation. Chronic hypoxia is commonly associated with increased pulmonary vascular tone, which can cause pulmonary hypertension in responsive individuals. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term high-altitude hypoxia (LTH) diminishes bradykinin-induced Ca2+ signals and inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), prostacyclin (PGI2), and large-conductance K+ (BKCa) channels in sheep, which are moderately responsive to LTH, resulting in decreased pulmonary arterial vasorelaxation. Pulmonary arteries were isolated from ewes kept near sea level (720 m) or at high altitude (3,801 m) for >100 days. Vessel force was measured with wire myography and endothelial intracellular Ca2+ with confocal microscopy. eNOS was inhibited with 100 μM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), PGI2 production was inhibited with 10 µM indomethacin that inhibits cyclooxygenase, and BKCa channels were blocked with 1 mM tetraethylammonium. Bradykinin-induced endothelial Ca2+ signals increased following LTH, but bradykinin relaxation decreased. Furthermore, some vessels contracted in response to bradykinin after LTH. l-NAME sensitivity decreased, suggesting that eNOS dysfunction played a role in uncoupling Ca2+ signals and bradykinin relaxation. The Ca2+ ionophore A-23187 (10 µM) elicited an enhanced Ca2+ response following LTH while relaxation was unchanged although l-NAME sensitivity increased. Additionally, BKCa function decreased during bradykinin relaxation following LTH. Western analysis showed that BKCa α-subunit expression was increased by LTH while that for the β1 subunit was unchanged. Overall, these results suggest that those even moderately responsive to LTH can have impaired endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Blum-Johnston
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Richard B Thorpe
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Chelsea Wee
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Raechel Opsahl
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Monica Romero
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Samuel Murray
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Alexander Brunelle
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Quintin Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Rachael Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Lawrence D Longo
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - William J Pearce
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California.,Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
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27
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Vajnerova O, Kafka P, Kratzerova T, Chalupsky K, Hampl V. Pregestational diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance in rats. Placenta 2018; 63:32-38. [PMID: 29486854 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a well-known risk factor in pregnancy. Because maternal diabetes involves oxidative stress that is also induced by chronic hypoxia and can alter vascular function, we sought to determine the effects of chronic maternal hyperglycemia on the fetoplacental vasculature in rats and to compare it with the effects of chronic hypoxia. METHODS Diabetes was induced in female rats by a streptozotocin injection at a neonatal age. When these animals reached adulthood, their hyperglycemia was confirmed and they were inseminated. Half of them were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for the last week before the delivery. One day before the expected date of delivery, one of their placentae was isolated and perfused. RESULTS Fetoplacental vascular resistance was increased equally by experimental diabetes, chronic hypoxia, and their combination. Fetoplacental perfusion pressure-flow analysis suggested increased resistance in the small vessels in chronic hypoxia and in larger vessels in diabetes. Fetal plasma nitrotyrosine levels, measured as a marker of peroxynitrite (reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide), mirrored the differences in fetoplacental resistance, suggesting a causative role. Fetoplacental vasoconstrictor reactivity to acute hypoxic stimuli was reduced similarly in all groups. Fasudil, a strong vasodilator agent, reduced fetoplacental vascular resistance similarly in all groups, suggesting that for the observed differences among the groups, the changes in vascular morphology were more important than variances in vascular tone. DISCUSSION Maternal diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance to a similar extent as chronic hypoxia. These stimuli are not additive. Changes in vascular tone are not responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kafka
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kratzerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in combination with hypercapnic pulmonary vasoconstriction redistributes pulmonary blood flow from poorly aerated to better ventilated lung regions by an active process of local vasoconstriction. Impairment of HPV results in ventilation-perfusion mismatch and is commonly associated with various lung diseases including pneumonia, sepsis, or cystic fibrosis. Although several regulatory pathways have been identified, considerable knowledge gaps persist, and a unifying concept of the signaling pathways that underlie HPV and their impairment in lung diseases has not yet emerged. In the past, conceptual models of HPV have focused on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) acting as sensor and effector of hypoxia in the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, the endothelium was considered a modulating bystander in this scenario. For an ideal design, however, the oxygen sensor in HPV should be located in the region of gas exchange, i.e., in the alveolar capillary network. This concept requires the retrograde propagation of the hypoxic signal along the endothelial layer of the vascular wall and subsequent contraction of PASMC in upstream arterioles that is elicited via temporospatially tightly controlled endothelial-smooth muscle cell crosstalk. The present review summarizes recent work that provides proof-of-principle for the existence and functional relevance of such signaling pathway in HPV that involves important roles for connexin 40, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, sphingolipids, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Of translational relevance, implication of these molecules provides for novel mechanistic explanations for impaired ventilation/perfusion matching in patients with pneumonia, sepsis, cystic fibrosis, and presumably various other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grimmer
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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29
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van Duin RWB, Houweling B, Uitterdijk A, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. Pulmonary vasodilation by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition is enhanced and nitric oxide independent in early pulmonary hypertension after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H170-H179. [PMID: 28986358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00370.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) may result in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle, has become part of the contemporary therapeutic armamentarium for pulmonary arterial hypertension and may also be beneficial for PH secondary to MI. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important activator of cGMP synthesis and can be enhanced in early PH and decreased in severe PH. In the present study, we investigated if PDE5 inhibition ameliorates pulmonary hemodynamics in swine with PH secondary to MI and whether NO is essential. The PDE5 inhibitor EMD360527 was administered in awake, chronically instrumented swine with or without MI. At rest, PDE5 inhibition produced pulmonary vasodilation as evidenced by a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, which was more pronounced in MI ( n = 5) compared with normal swine ( n = 10, P ≤ 0.01) and was accompanied by an increase in stroke volume in MI swine. Both pulmonary vasodilation and increased stroke volume were maintained during exercise, suggesting that this therapy may improve exercise capacity in patients with PH secondary to MI. Interestingly, prior inhibition of NO significantly enhanced ( P ≤ 0.01) pulmonary vasodilation by PDE5 inhibition in both normal ( n = 8) and MI swine ( n = 5, P ≤ 0.05 vs. normal). This suggests that the increased vasodilator responses to PDE5 inhibition after MI were not due to an increase in NO-induced cGMP production. These observations indicate that PDE5 inhibition represents an interesting pharmacotherapeutic approach in early PH after a recent MI to prevent overt PH. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research article is the first to describe that pulmonary vasodilation to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition is enhanced and nitric oxide independent in resting and exercising swine with pulmonary hypertension as a result of myocardial infarction. This suggests that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition can normalize pulmonary hemodynamics in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension after a recent myocardial infarction and may improve exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W B van Duin
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Houweling
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - André Uitterdijk
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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30
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Shilo NR, Morris CR. Pathways to pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: the search for prevention and early intervention. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:875-890. [PMID: 28817980 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1364989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) develops in a significant number of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on PH pathophysiology, risk stratification, and new recommendations for screening and treatment for patients with SCD. Areas covered: An extensive PubMed literature search was performed. While the pathophysiology of PH in SCD is yet to be fully deciphered, it is known that the etiology is multifactorial; hemolysis, hypercoagulability, hypoxemia, ischemic-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility all contribute in varying degrees to endothelial dysfunction. Hemolysis, in particular, seems to play a key role by inciting an imbalance in the regulatory axis of nitric oxide and arginine metabolism. Systematic risk stratification starting in childhood based on clinical features and biomarkers that enable early detection is necessary. Multi-faceted, targeted interventions, before irreversible vasculopathy develops, will allow for improved patient outcomes and life expectancy. Expert commentary: Despite progress in our understanding of PH in SCD, clinically proven therapies remain elusive and additional controlled clinical trials are needed. Prevention of disease starts in childhood, a critical window for intervention. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of SCD, patients will ultimately benefit from combination therapies that simultaneously targets multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Shilo
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine , University of Connecticut Heath Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Claudia R Morris
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory-Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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31
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Wu NC, Liao FT, Cheng HM, Sung SH, Yang YC, Wang JJ. Intravenous superoxide dismutase as a protective agent to prevent impairment of lung function induced by high tidal volume ventilation. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:105. [PMID: 28747201 PMCID: PMC5530466 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive-pressure mechanical ventilation is essential in assisting patients with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit and facilitating oxygenation in the operating room. However, it was also recognized as a primary factor leading to hospital-acquired pulmonary dysfunction, in which pulmonary oxidative stress and lung inflammation had been known to play important roles. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important antioxidant, and possesses anti-inflammatory capacity. In this study, we aimed to study the efficacy of Cu/Zn SOD, administered intravenously during high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation, to prevent impairment of lung function. Methods Thirty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: 5 h ventilation with (A) low tidal volume (LTV; 8 mL/kg; n = 10), (B) high tidal volume (HTV; 18 mL/kg; n = 14), or (C) HTV and intravenous treatment of Cu/Zn SOD at a dose of 1000 U/kg/h (HTV + SOD; n = 14). Lung function was evaluated both at baseline and after 5-h ventilation. Lung injury was assessed by histological examination, lung water and protein contents in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pulmonary oxidative stress was examined by concentrations of methylguanidine (MG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in BALF, and antioxidative activity by protein expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) in the lung. Severity of lung inflammation was evaluated by white blood cell and differential count in BALF, and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lung. We also examined protein expression of surfactant protein (SP)-A and D and we measured hourly changes in serum nitric oxide (NO) level. Results Five hours of LTV ventilation did not induce a major change in lung function, whereas 5 h of HTV ventilation induced apparent combined restrictive and obstructive lung disorder, together with increased pulmonary oxidative stress, decreased anti-oxidative activity and increased lung inflammation (P < 0.05). HTV ventilation also decreased SP-A and SP-D expression and suppressed serum NO level during the time course of ventilation. Cu/Zn SOD administered intravenously during HTV ventilation effectively reversed associated pulmonary oxidative stress and lung inflammation (P < 0.05); moreover, it preserved SP-A and SP-D expressions in the lung and increased serum nitric oxide (NO) level, enhancing vascular NO bioavailability. Conclusions HTV ventilation can induce combined restrictive and obstructive lung disorders. Intravenous administration of Cu/Zn SOD during HTV ventilation can prevent lung function impairment and lung injury via reducing pulmonary oxidative stress and lung inflammation, preserving pulmonary surfactant expression, and enhancing vascular NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Chun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Foundation Hospital, 901, Chung Hwa Rd. Yung Kang, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ting Liao
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jr Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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32
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Vasodilation effect of volatile oil from Allium macrostemon Bunge are mediated by PKA/NO pathway and its constituent dimethyl disulfide in isolated rat pulmonary arterials. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Aljanabi M, Khatib S, Gharaibeh NS. Does sildenafil improve ventilatory function in asthmatic subjects? Breathe (Sheff) 2017; 13:113-116. [PMID: 28620430 PMCID: PMC5467662 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.019516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is well known selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitor that is used extensively in erectile dysfunction in males. The effect of sildenafil is mediated through raising the tissue level of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) leading to relaxation of smooth muscle [1] through reduction of intracellular [Ca2+] and downregulation of contractile apparatus [2]. The reduction of intracellular [Ca2+] is through inhibition of Ca2+ influx [3] and decreasing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum by blocking Ca2+ channels [4]. PDE-5 is found in high concentrations in the corpus cavernosum and in pulmonary artery smooth muscle, and therefore its inhibition leads to an increase in penile blood flow and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance [5]. Levels of cGMP in smooth muscle is also increased by nitric oxide (NO), which is formed from l-arginine through the actions of different types of NO synthase. NO acts a vasodilator, neurotransmitter and inflammatory mediator in human airways [6]. It relaxes tracheal smooth muscle [7] and decreases methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in experimental animals [8]. Turneret al. [9] presented supporting evidence for a role of NO in airway dilatation by demonstrating that an NO-donating compound potentiates the effects of a β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Can sildenafil be used to treat asthma?http://ow.ly/13Y830bgExG
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhallad Aljanabi
- Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Said Khatib
- Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nayef S Gharaibeh
- Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kronas N, Peters B, Richter HP, Goetz AE, Kubitz JC. Inhalative and intravenous stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and increases cardiac output in experimental septic shock. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1369-1375. [PMID: 28413479 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of inhaled and intravenous application of a guanylate cyclase stimulator (BAY 41-8543) on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and cardiac output (CO) were investigated in an experimental model of septic shock. Following induction of septic shock, anaesthetized pigs (n=31) were randomly place into two groups receiving different interventions. Animals in the first group received intravenous BAY 41-8543 (0.6 mg), inhalative BAY 41-8543 (6 mg) or a placebo. In the second group, the dosage of BAY 41-8543 was increased two-fold or combined with inhalation of nitric oxide (iNO). Intravenous and inhaled administration of BAY 41-8543 resulted in a significantly (P<0.05) reduced PVR and increased CO compared with the placebo. Increasing the dosage of BAY 41-8543 or combining it with iNO did not further decrease PVR. The results of the present study indicate that BAY 41-8543 effectively reduces PVR and increases CO in septic shock, through inhaled or intravenous routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kronas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonissenkrankenhaus Flensburg, D-24939 Flensburg, Germany
| | - Birte Peters
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Richter
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Munich Municipal Hospital, D-81545 Munich, Germany
| | - Alwin Eduard Goetz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christian Kubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:343-65. [PMID: 16565431 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
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36
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Johansson MJ, Kvitting JPE, Flatebø T, Nicolaysen A, Nicolaysen G, Walther SM. Inhibition of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Does Not Influence Ventilation-Perfusion Matching in Normal Prone Adult Sheep With Mechanical Ventilation. Anesth Analg 2016; 123:1492-1499. [PMID: 27622722 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local formation of nitric oxide in the lung induces vasodilation in proportion to ventilation and is a putative mechanism behind ventilation-perfusion matching. We hypothesized that regional ventilation-perfusion matching occurs in part due to local constitutive nitric oxide formation. METHODS Ventilation and perfusion were analyzed in lung regions (≈1.5 cm) before and after inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (25 mg/kg) in 7 prone sheep ventilated with 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure. Ventilation and perfusion were measured by the use of aerosolized fluorescent and infused radiolabeled microspheres, respectively. The animals were exsanguinated while deeply anesthetized; then, lungs were excised, dried at total lung capacity, and divided into cube units. The spatial location for each cube was tracked and fluorescence and radioactivity per unit weight determined. RESULTS After administration of L-NAME, pulmonary artery pressure increased from a mean of 16.6-23.6 mm Hg, P = .007 but PaO2, PaCO2, and SD log(V/Q) did not change. Distribution of ventilation was not influenced by L-NAME, but a small redistribution of perfusion from ventral to dorsal lung regions was observed. Perfusion to regions with the highest ventilation (fifth quintile of the ventilation distribution) remained unchanged after L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS We found minimal or no influence of constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition by L-NAME on the distributions of ventilation and perfusion, and ventilation-perfusion in prone, anesthetized, ventilated, and healthy adult sheep with normal gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats J Johansson
- From the *Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care; †Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; ‡Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; and §Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Shao J, Wang P, Liu A, Du X, Bai J, Chen M. Punicalagin Prevents Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension via Anti-Oxidant Effects in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:785-801. [PMID: 27222062 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Punicalagin (PG), a major bioactive ingredient in pomegranate juice, has been proven to have anti-oxidative stress properties and to exert protective effects on acute lung injuries induced by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PG treatment on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects. Rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 2 wk (8 h/day) to induce the HPH model. PG (5, 15, 45[Formula: see text]mg/kg) was orally administered 10[Formula: see text]min before hypoxia each day. PG treatments at the doses of 15 and 45[Formula: see text]mg/kg/d decreased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy and vascular remodeling in HPH rats. Meanwhile, PG treatment attenuated the hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary artery rings. The beneficial effects of PG treatment were associated with improved nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased superoxide generation, gp91[Formula: see text] expression and nitrotyrosine content in the pulmonary arteries. Furthermore, tempol’s scavenging of oxidative stress also increased NO production and attenuated endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in HPH rats. Combining tempol and PG did not exert additional beneficial effects compared to tempol alone. Our study indicated for the first time that PG treatment can protect against hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in rats, which may be induced via its anti-oxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an 710003, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an 710003, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Gollasch M, Kübler WM. Re: Sun-Kui Ke et al. TRiPping over vasotonus regulation in the lung. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 227:71-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kane LB, Klings ES. Present and future treatment strategies for pulmonary arterial hypertension : focus on phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:271-82. [PMID: 16808546 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200605040-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare progressive disorder historically associated with mortality in <3 years post-diagnosis. The etiology of PAH is complex, multifactorial, and likely involves the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. These are reviewed with emphasis on the nitric oxide pathway. Use of treatment modalities including vasodilator therapy have resulted in improved symptoms, hemodynamics, and survival in these patients. Vasodilators, including the calcium channel antagonists, prostanoids, and endothelin receptor antagonists, have been used to counteract potential imbalances in vasoactive mediators in PAH patients; all have produced improved long-term symptomatology and hemodynamics. Only the prostanoid epoprostenol has improved survival in IPAH patients. Although these medications have worked well in many patients with PAH, each of them has limitations. The phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are a relatively new form of treatment for PAH. They are designed to potentiate the effects of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, thereby mimicking endogenous nitric oxide within the vasculature. PDE-5 inhibitors are selective pulmonary vasodilators effective in animal models of pulmonary hypertension. The published clinical studies evaluating their use have been small in size to date but appear to demonstrate benefit. The recently completed 12-week randomized placebo-controlled Sildenafil Use in Pulmonary Hypertension (SUPER-1) trial demonstrated improvement in 6-minute walk distance and hemodynamics in patients receiving sildenafil. These data suggest that the PDE-5 inhibitors are effective in treating PAH and that it is likely that their usage will increase over time. The purpose of this review is to present a current view of the pathogenesis and treatment of PAH, with an emphasis on the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Kane
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Morris CR. New strategies for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease : the rationale for arginine therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:31-45. [PMID: 16409014 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200605010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is inactivated in sickle cell disease (SCD), while bioavailability of arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, is diminished. Impaired NO bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction, and is a key factor in the pathophysiology of SCD. Inactivation of NO correlates with the hemolytic rate and is associated with erythrocyte release of cell-free hemoglobin and arginase during hemolysis. Accelerated consumption of NO is enhanced further by the inflammatory environment of oxidative stress that exists in SCD. Based upon its critical role in mediating vasodilation and cell growth, decreased NO bioavailability has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT). Secondary PHT is a common life-threatening complication of SCD that also occurs in most hereditary and chronic hemolytic disorders. Aberrant arginine metabolism contributes to endothelial dysfunction and PHT in SCD, and is strongly associated with prospective patient mortality. The central mechanism responsible for this metabolic disorder is enhanced arginine turnover, occurring secondary to enhanced plasma arginase activity. This is consistent with a growing appreciation of the role of excessive arginase activity in human diseases, including asthma and PHT. Decompartmentalization of hemoglobin into plasma consumes endothelial NO and thus drives a metabolic requirement for arginine, whose bioavailability is further limited by arginase activity. New treatments aimed at maximizing both arginine and NO bioavailability through arginase inhibition, suppression of hemolytic rate, or oral arginine supplementation may represent novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Morris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
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41
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Goldenberg NM, Kuebler WM. Endothelial cell regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, inflammation, and coagulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:531-59. [PMID: 25880504 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium represents a heterogeneous cell monolayer covering the luminal surface of the entire lung vasculature. As such, this cell layer lies at a critical interface between the blood, airways, and lung parenchyma, and must act as a selective barrier between these diverse compartments. Lung endothelial cells are able to produce and secrete mediators, display surface receptor, and cellular adhesion molecules, and metabolize circulating hormones to influence vasomotor tone, both local and systemic inflammation, and coagulation functions. In this review, we will explore the role of the pulmonary endothelium in each of these systems, highlighting key regulatory functions of the pulmonary endothelial cell, as well as novel aspects of the pulmonary endothelium in contrast to the systemic cell type. The interactions between pulmonary endothelial cells and both leukocytes and platelets will be discussed in detail, and wherever possible, elements of endothelial control over physiological and pathophysiological processes will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Goldenberg
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; German Heart Institute Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario,Canada
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42
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Breitling S, Krauszman A, Parihar R, Walther T, Friedberg MK, Kuebler WM. Dose-dependent, therapeutic potential of angiotensin-(1-7) for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:649-57. [PMID: 26697172 DOI: 10.1086/683696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), via its receptor Mas, oppose many of the effects of the classic angiotensin II signaling pathway, and pharmacological exploitation of this effect is currently actively pursued for a wide range of cardiovascular, neoplastic, or immunological disorders. On the basis of its vasodilatory and antiproliferative properties, Ang-(1-7) has consequentially also been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we tested the effectiveness of Ang-(1-7) and its stable, cyclic analog cAng-(1-7) over a range of doses for their therapeutic potential in experimental PAH. In the monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of PAH, Ang-(1-7) or cAng-(1-7) were injected in doses of 30, 100, 300, or 900 μg kg(-1) day(-1), and effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling were assessed. Five weeks after MCT injection, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was significantly reduced for 3 dose groups treated with Ang-(1-7) (100, 300, and 900 μg kg(-1) day(-1)) and for all dose groups treated with cAng-(1-7), as compared to untreated controls, yet the total reduction of RVSP was <50% at best and thus markedly lower than that with a positive treatment control with ambrisentan. Medial-wall thickness in pulmonary arterioles was only slightly reduced, without reaching significance, for any of the tested Ang-(1-7) compounds and doses. The reported moderate attenuation of PAH does not confirm the previously postulated high promise of this strategy, and the therapeutic usefulness of Ang-(1-7) may be limited in PAH relative to that in other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Breitling
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrienn Krauszman
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richa Parihar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Labatt Family Heart Center, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Blum-Johnston C, Thorpe RB, Wee C, Romero M, Brunelle A, Blood Q, Wilson R, Blood AB, Francis M, Taylor MS, Longo LD, Pearce WJ, Wilson SM. Developmental acceleration of bradykinin-dependent relaxation by prenatal chronic hypoxia impedes normal development after birth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L271-86. [PMID: 26637638 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin-induced activation of the pulmonary endothelium triggers nitric oxide production and other signals that cause vasorelaxation, including stimulation of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BKCa) channels in myocytes that hyperpolarize the plasma membrane and decrease intracellular Ca(2+). Intrauterine chronic hypoxia (CH) may reduce vasorelaxation in the fetal-to-newborn transition and contribute to pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Thus we examined the effects of maturation and CH on the role of BKCa channels during bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation by examining endothelial Ca(2+) signals, wire myography, and Western immunoblots on pulmonary arteries isolated from near-term fetal (∼ 140 days gestation) and newborn, 10- to 20-day-old, sheep that lived in normoxia at 700 m or in CH at high altitude (3,801 m) for >100 days. CH enhanced bradykinin-induced relaxation of fetal vessels but decreased relaxation in newborns. Endothelial Ca(2+) responses decreased with maturation but increased with CH. Bradykinin-dependent relaxation was sensitive to 100 μM nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or 10 μM 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, supporting roles for endothelial nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase activation. Indomethacin blocked relaxation in CH vessels, suggesting upregulation of PLA2 pathways. BKCa channel inhibition with 1 mM tetraethylammonium reduced bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation in the normoxic newborn and fetal CH vessels. Maturation reduced whole cell BKCa channel α1-subunit expression but increased β1-subunit expression. These results suggest that CH amplifies the contribution of BKCa channels to bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation in fetal sheep but stunts further development of this vasodilatory pathway in newborns. This involves complex changes in multiple components of the bradykinin-signaling axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Blum-Johnston
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Richard B Thorpe
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chelsea Wee
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Monica Romero
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California; Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Alexander Brunelle
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Quintin Blood
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Rachael Wilson
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California;
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California; and
| | - Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lawrence D Longo
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J Pearce
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California; Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Carrera P, Di Resta C, Volonteri C, Castiglioni E, Bonfiglio S, Lazarevic D, Cittaro D, Stupka E, Ferrari M, Somaschini M. Exome sequencing and pathway analysis for identification of genetic variability relevant for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns: A pilot study. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:39-45. [PMID: 25578394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Castiglioni
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Elia Stupka
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Somaschini
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Qin N, Yang W, Feng D, Wang X, Qi M, Du T, Sun H, Wu S. Total ginsenosides suppress monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats: involvement of nitric oxide and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:285-91. [PMID: 27616905 PMCID: PMC5005363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides have been shown to exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. We sought to determine whether total ginsenosides (TG) inhibit monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods MCT-intoxicated rats were treated with gradient doses of TG, with or without NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. The levels of molecules involving the regulation of nitric oxide and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were determined. Results TG ameliorated MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the right ventricular systolic pressure, the right ventricular hypertrophy index, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. Furthermore, TG increased the levels of pulmonary nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Lastly, TG increased mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression and promoted the dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2. Conclusion TG attenuates MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension, which may involve in part the regulation of nitric oxide and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Pharmacy, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muyao Qi
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxin Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Kacprzak D, Pawliczak R. Does aspirin-induced oxidative stress cause asthma exacerbation? Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:494-504. [PMID: 26170841 PMCID: PMC4495142 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.41960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by severe asthma exacerbations after ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The exact pathomechanism of AIA remains unknown, though ongoing research has shed some light. Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the role of aspirin in the induction of oxidative stress, especially in cancer cell systems. However, it has not excluded the similar action of aspirin in other inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Moreover, increased levels of 8-isoprostanes, reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in expired breath condensate in steroid-naïve patients with AIA compared to AIA patients treated with steroids and healthy volunteers, has been observed. This review is an attempt to cover aspirin-induced oxidative stress action in AIA and to suggest a possible related pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kacprzak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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47
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Are mast cells implicated in asphyxia? Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:153-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Kruzliak P, Maruyama J, Maruyama K. Role of nitric oxide in pathophysiology and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 96:407-24. [PMID: 25189396 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by vasoconstriction, vascular cell proliferation, inflammation, microthrombosis, and vessel wall remodelation. Pulmonary endothelial cells produce vasoactive substances with vasoconstrictive as well as vasodilatative effects. The imbalance of these endothelium-derived vasoactive substances induced by endothelial dysfunction is very important in the pathogenesis of PH. One of most important substances with vasodilatative effect is nitric oxide. We provide a comprehensive insight into role of NO in the pathgenesis of PH and discuss perspectives and challenges in PH therapy based on NO administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Junko Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
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49
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El Hassar C, Merzouk H, Merzouk SA, Malti N, Meziane A, Narce M. Long-term use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium-channel antagonists in Algerian hypertensive patients: effects on metabolic and oxidative parameters. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:147-53. [PMID: 25499852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of calcium antagonists (amlodipine) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (telmisartan) on lipid profile and oxidative markers were investigated in Algerian hypertensive patients. At the beginning and after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy, blood samples are collected for determination of biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine) and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, vitamin C, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase). The results of this study indicate that telmisartan and amlodipine are effective antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension because a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in all hypertensive patients after 1 year of treatment. Our results show also that telmisartan and amlodipine treatments counteracted hypertension-dependent lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress. Telmisartan treatment appears to be more efficient than amlodipine treatment. In addition, telmisartan, which reversed all lipid and redox changes associated with hypertension, should be prescribed, especially in hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia and with severe oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafika El Hassar
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe.
| | - Sid Ahmed Merzouk
- Department of Technical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Nassima Malti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe
| | - Abderrahim Meziane
- Cardiology Department, Tlemcen University Hospital Center, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Michel Narce
- INSERM UMR 866, "Lipids Nutrition Cancer," Faculty of Life, Earth, and Environment Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon 21000, France
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50
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Tommasi S, Zanato C, Lewis BC, Nair PC, Dall'Angelo S, Zanda M, Mangoni AA. Arginine analogues incorporating carboxylate bioisosteric functions are micromolar inhibitors of human recombinant DDAH-1. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11315-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine analogues incorporating carboxylate bioisosteric functional groups exhibit low micromolar inhibitory potential against human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), a key enzyme in the nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tommasi
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- School of Medical Sciences
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB25 2ZD
| | - Chiara Zanato
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- School of Medical Sciences
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB25 2ZD
| | - Benjamin C. Lewis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- School of Medicine
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre
- Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- School of Medicine
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre
- Australia
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- School of Medical Sciences
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB25 2ZD
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- School of Medical Sciences
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB25 2ZD
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- School of Medicine
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre
- Australia
| |
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