1
|
Chaunzwa TL, Qian JM, Li Q, Ricciuti B, Nuernberg L, Johnson JW, Weiss J, Zhang Z, MacKay J, Kagiampakis I, Bikiel D, Di Federico A, Alessi JV, Mak RH, Jacob E, Awad MM, Aerts HJWL. Body Composition in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy. JAMA Oncol 2024:2819050. [PMID: 38780929 PMCID: PMC11117154 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance The association between body composition (BC) and cancer outcomes is complex and incompletely understood. Previous research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited to small, single-institution studies and yielded promising, albeit heterogeneous, results. Objectives To evaluate the association of BC with oncologic outcomes in patients receiving immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Design, Setting, and Participants This comprehensive multicohort analysis included clinical data from cohorts receiving treatment at the Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center (DFBCC) who received immunotherapy given alone or in combination with chemotherapy and prospectively collected data from the phase 1/2 Study 1108 and the chemotherapy arm of the phase 3 MYSTIC trial. Baseline and follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were collected and analyzed using deep neural networks for automatic L3 slice selection and body compartment segmentation (skeletal muscle [SM], subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT], and visceral adipose tissue). Outcomes were compared based on baseline BC measures or their change at the first follow-up scan. The data were analyzed between July 2022 and April 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of BC measurements with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 1791 patients (878 women [49%]) with NSCLC were analyzed, of whom 487 (27.2%) received chemoimmunotherapy at DFBCC (DFBCC-CIO), 825 (46.1%) received ICI monotherapy at DFBCC (DFBCC-IO), 222 (12.4%) were treated with durvalumab monotherapy on Study 1108, and 257 (14.3%) were treated with chemotherapy on MYSTIC; median (IQR) ages were 65 (58-74), 66 (57-71), 65 (26-87), and 63 (30-84) years, respectively. A loss in SM mass, as indicated by a change in the L3 SM area, was associated with worse oncologic outcome across patient groups (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.43-0.81] and 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79] for OS and PFS, respectively, in DFBCC-CIO; HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60-0.91] for OS in DFBCC-IO; HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.33-0.64] and 0.47 [95% CI, 0.34-0.64] for OS and PFS, respectively, in Study 1108; HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61-0.96] for PFS in the MYSTIC trial). This association was most prominent among male patients, with a nonsignificant association among female patients in the MYSTIC trial and DFBCC-CIO cohorts on Kaplan-Meier analysis. An increase of more than 5% in SAT density, as quantified by the average CT attenuation in Hounsfield units of the SAT compartment, was associated with poorer OS in 3 patient cohorts (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.43-0.86] for DFBCC-CIO; HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.49-0.79] for DFBCC-IO; and HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.40-0.77] for Study 1108). The change in SAT density was also associated with PFS for DFBCC-CIO (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97). This was primarily observed in female patients on Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this multicohort study suggest that loss in SM mass during systemic therapy for NSCLC is a marker of poor outcomes, especially in male patients. SAT density changes are also associated with prognosis, particularly in female patients. Automated CT-derived BC measurements should be considered in determining NSCLC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa L. Chaunzwa
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack M. Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qin Li
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard Nuernberg
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Justin W. Johnson
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie MacKay
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Damian Bikiel
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joao V. Alessi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Etai Jacob
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M. Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valentine Y, Nikolajczyk BS. T cells in obesity-associated inflammation: The devil is in the details. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38767210 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity-associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity-related T-cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity-associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity-associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T-cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity-associated health complications, yet its impact on T-cell-mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolander Valentine
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fox A, Leonard GD, Adzibolosu N, Wong T, Tedja R, Sharma S, Gogoi R, Morris R, Mor G, Fehl C, Alvero AB. Adipose microenvironment promotes hypersialylation of ovarian cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593990. [PMID: 38798490 PMCID: PMC11118282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sialylation, the addition of negatively charged sialic acid sugars to terminal ends of glycans, is upregulated in most cancers. Hypersialylation supports multiple pro-tumor mechanisms such as enhanced migration and invasion, resistance to apoptosis and immune evasion. A current gap in knowledge is the lack of understanding on how the tumor microenvironment regulates cancer cell sialylation. The adipose niche is a main component of most peritoneal cancers' microenvironment. This includes ovarian cancer (OC), which causes most deaths from all gynecologic cancers. In this report, we demonstrate that the adipose microenvironment is a critical regulator of OC cell sialylation. In vitro adipose conditioning led to an increase in both ⍺2,3- and ⍺2,6-linked cell surface sialic acids in both human and mouse models of OC. Adipose-induced sialylation reprogramming was also observed in vivo from intra-peritoneal OC tumors seeded in the adipose-rich omentum. Mechanistically, we observed upregulation of at least three sialyltransferases, ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1 and ST3GALNAC3. Hypersialylated OC cells consistently formed intra-peritoneal tumors in both immune-competent mice and immune-compromised athymic nude mice. In contrast, hyposiaylated OC cells persistently formed tumors only in athymic nude mice demonstrating that sialylation impacts OC tumor formation in an immune dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effect of adipose microenvironment on OC tumor sialylation. Our results set the stage for translational applications targeting sialic acid pathways in OC and other peritoneal cancers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-Terrón G, Martínez R, Morcuende D, Caballero V, Estévez M. Pomegranate supplementation alleviates dyslipidemia and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats by shifting microbiota and producing urolithin-like microbial metabolites. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38661445 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and related chronic diseases are major non-communicable diseases with high mortality rates worldwide. While dietary sugars are known to be responsible for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the underlying pathophysiological effects of sustained fructose consumption require further elucidation. We hypothesize that certain bioactive compounds (i.e. punicalagin and ellagic acid) from dietary pomegranate could counteract the harmful effects of sustained fructose consumption in terms of obesity and liver damage. The present study aimed to elucidate both the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology associated with fructose intake and the effect of a punicalagin-rich commercial pomegranate dietary supplement (P) used as a nutritional strategy to alleviate fructose-induced metabolic impairments. Thus, nineteen Wistar rats fed on a basal commercial feed were supplemented with either 30% (w/v) fructose in drinking water (F; n = 7) or 30% (w/v) fructose solution plus 0.2% (w/v) P (F + P; n = 6) for 10 weeks. The results were compared to those from a control group fed on the basal diet and provided with drinking water (C; n = 6). Body weight and energy intake were registered weekly. P supplementation decreased fat depots, counteracted the dyslipidemia caused by F and improved markers of liver injury including steatosis. The study of the microbiota by metagenomics and urine by untargeted MS-based metabolomics revealed microbial metabolites from P that may be responsible for these health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sánchez-Terrón
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Animal Health and Zoonoses Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emergent Diseases (ENZOEM Competitive Research Unit), Universidad of Córdoba (UCO, ROR-ID 05yc77b46), Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - David Morcuende
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Víctor Caballero
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ordulj I, Tandara M, Jerković K, Šarić F, Beneš M, Lovrić Kojundžić S, Marinović Guić M, Budimir Mršić D. Does the Location of Fat Accumulation Affect the Degree of Aortic and Renal Arterial Calcification? Biomedicines 2024; 12:860. [PMID: 38672214 PMCID: PMC11048273 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The vascular risk associated with obesity is particularly associated with visceral adiposity, but recent studies suggest that ectopic fat might contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Our study aimed to explore the connection between arterial calcification of the aorta and renal arteries with visceral and ectopic fat deposits, including liver, pancreatic, and renal sinus fat. Retrospective analysis of thoracoabdominal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of 302 patients included measurements of calcification volumes of thoracic and abdominal aorta, and of both renal arteries. On the same scans, the visceral fat volume, liver-to-spleen ratio, pancreatic-to-spleen ratio, and both renal sinus fat areas were retrieved. Logistic regression showed the left kidney sinus fat area to be the most strongly associated with calcifications in the aorta and both renal arteries (coef. from 0.578 to 0.913, p < 0.05). The visceral fat positively predicted aortic calcification (coef. = 0.462, p = 0.008), and on the contrary, the pancreatic fat accumulation even showed protective effects on thoracic and abdominal aorta calcification (coef. = -0.611 and -0.761, p < 0.001, respectively). The results suggest that ectopic fat locations differently impact the calcification of arteries, which should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ordulj
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mirko Tandara
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Kristian Jerković
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Frano Šarić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Miodrag Beneš
- Institute of Public Health Sveti Rok Virovitica, Podravina County, 33000 Virovitica, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Lovrić Kojundžić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Marinović Guić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Budimir Mršić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (F.Š.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou H, Lan Y, Wu D, Chen S, Ding X, Wu S. The effect of cumulative lipid accumulation product and related long-term change on incident stroke: The Kailuan Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:980-987. [PMID: 38220505 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A single measurement lipid accumulation product (LAP) level has been shown to increase cardiovascular disease, but cumulative LAP on stroke effects is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 43,089 participants, free of any cardiovascular diseases at baseline, from the Kailuan Study. The cumulative LAP was determined by multiplying the average LAP index and the time interval between two consecutive examinations, resulting in their categorization into four quartile groups. The higher LAP exposure was defined as participants with LAP values exceeding 90% of this population during each health survey. The association between cumulative LAP and stroke was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up period of 11.0 (10.6-11.3) years, 2461 participants developed stroke (of which 2220 were ischemic stroke, 320 were hemorrhagic stroke, and 79 were concurrent). After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of stroke gradually increased in Groups Q2 to Q4 compared to Q1, with hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05-1.36) to 1.50 (95% CI: 1.30-1.70). Specifically, the risk of ischemic stroke showed an increase from 1.21 (1.06-1.39) to 1.56 (1.36-1.79), while no statistically significant effect was observed for hemorrhagic stroke. The longer duration of higher LAP index exposure was also associated with increased stroke risk. Similar results were obtained in the stratification and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Cumulative LAP was positively and significantly associated with incident stroke, especially ischemic stroke, and a longer duration of exposure to higher LAP may increase the risk of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dan Wu
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Department of Pediatric, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiong Ding
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Global Heath Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ding D, Del Pozo Cruz B, Dalene KE, Ayán C, Ekelund U, Tarp J. Joint associations of device-measured physical activity and abdominal obesity with incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:196-203. [PMID: 37940366 PMCID: PMC10894840 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the joint associations between physical activity and abdominal obesity with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. METHODS We included 70 830 UK Biobank participants (mean age±SD=61.6 ± 7.9 years; 56.4% women) with physical activity measured by wrist-worn accelerometers and without major chronic diseases. Participants were jointly categorised into six groups based on their physical activity level (tertiles of total volume and specific intensity levels) and presence or absence of abdominal obesity based on measured waist circumference. Associations with incident CVD (fatal and non-fatal events) were determined using proportional subdistribution hazard models with multivariable adjustment. RESULTS After excluding events during the first 2 years of follow-up, participants were followed for a median of 6.8 years, during which 2795 CVD events were recorded. Compared with the low abdominal adiposity and highest tertile of physical activity, abdominal obesity was associated with higher risk of incident CVD, especially in those with low levels of vigorous-intensity physical activity (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.64). Approximately 500 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity and approximately 30-35 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity offset the association of abdominal obesity and the risk of having a CVD event. CONCLUSION Physical activity equivalent to approximately 30-35 min of vigorous intensity per week appears to offset the association between abdominal obesity and incident CVD. About 15 times more physical activity of at least moderate intensity is needed to achieve similar results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Pontevedra, Spain
- Wellness and Movement Research Group (WellMove), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Odense, Denmark
- University of Cadiz Faculty of Education Sciences, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, University of Cádiz Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Ayán
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Pontevedra, Spain
- Wellness and Movement Research Group (WellMove), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University & University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang HH, Chong M, Perrot N, Feiner J, Hess S, Yusuf S, Gerstein H, Paré G, Pigeyre M. Vaspin: A Novel Biomarker Linking Gluteofemoral Body Fat and Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:259-266. [PMID: 38055934 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels and whether vaspin predicts type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, through epidemiological and genetic analyses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the relationship of plasma vaspin concentration with incident and prevalent T2D and adiposity-related variables in 1) the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) biomarker substudy (N = 10,052) and 2) the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial (N = 7,840), using regression models. We then assessed whether vaspin is causally associated with T2D and whether genetic variants associated with MRI-measured adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS A 1-SD increase in circulating vaspin levels was associated with a 16% increase in incident T2D in the PURE cohort (hazard ratio 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.23; P = 4.26 × 10-7) and prevalent T2D in the ORIGIN cohort (odds ratio [OR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.07-1.25; P = 2.17 × 10-4). A 1-unit increase in BMI and triglyceride levels was associated with a 0.08-SD (95% CI 0.06-0.10; P = 2.04 × 10-15) and 0.06-SD (95% CI 0.04-0.08; P = 4.08 × 10-13) increase, respectively, in vaspin in the PURE group. Consistent associations were observed in the ORIGIN cohort. MR results reinforced the association between vaspin and BMI-adjusted T2D risk (OR 1.01 per 1-SD increase in vaspin level; 95% CI 1.00-1.02; P = 2.86 × 10-2) and showed that vaspin was increased by 0.10 SD per 1-SD decrease in genetically determined gluteofemoral adiposity (95% CI 0.02-0.18; P = 2.01 × 10-2). No relationships were found between subcutaneous or visceral adiposity and vaspin. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that higher vaspin levels are related to increased T2D risk and reduced gluteofemoral adiposity, positioning vaspin as a promising clinical predictor for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Hezhou Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Perrot
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Feiner
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sibylle Hess
- Global Medical Diabetes, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tong Y, Zuo Z, Li X, Li M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen D, Zhang Z. Protective role of perivascular adipose tissue in the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1296778. [PMID: 38155947 PMCID: PMC10753176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1296778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tong
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Zuo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang B, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhang C, Geng Z. Green cabbage supplementation influences the gene expression and fatty acid levels of adipose tissue in Chinese Wanxi White geese. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1558-1567. [PMID: 37170525 PMCID: PMC10475381 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary green cabbage was evaluated for its impact on fatty acid synthetic ability in different adipose tissues during fattening of Wanxi White geese. METHODS A total of 256 Wanxi White geese at their 70 days were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates and fed 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% fresh green cabbage (relative to dry matter), respectively, in each group. Adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal fat), liver and blood were collected from 4 birds in each replicate at their 70, 80, 90, and 100 days for fatty acid composition, relative gene expression and serum lipid analysis. Two-way or three-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. RESULTS The contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) were feeding time dependently increased. The C16:0 and stearic acid (C18:0) were higher in abdominal fat, while C16:1, oleic acid (C18:1), and C18:2 were higher in subcutaneous fat. Geese fed 45% green cabbage exhibited highest level of C18:3. Geese fed green cabbage for 30 d exhibited higher level of C16:0 and C18:0 in abdominal fat, while geese fed 30% to 45% green cabbage exhibited higher C18:3 in subcutaneous fat. The expression of Acsl1 (p = 0.003) and Scd1 (p<0.0001) were decreased with green cabbage addition. Interaction between feeding time and adipose tissue affected elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6), acyl-CoA synthetase longchain family member 1 (Acsl1), and stearoly-coA desaturase 1 (Scd1) gene expression levels (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p = 0.005). Feeding time only affected serum lipid levels of free fatty acid and chylomicron. Higher contents of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:3 were associated with greater mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001), while higher level of C18:2 was associated with less mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Considering content of C18:2 and C18:3, 30% addition of green cabbage could be considered for fattening for 30 days in Wanxi White geese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of primary education, Tongcheng Teachers College, Tongcheng 231400,
China
| | - Zhengquan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jagtap U, Paul A. UCP1 activation: Hottest target in the thermogenesis pathway to treat obesity using molecules of synthetic and natural origin. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103717. [PMID: 37467882 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) has been discovered as a possible target for obesity treatment because of its widespread distribution in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and high energy expenditure capabilities to burn calories as heat. UCP1 is dormant and does not produce heat without activation as it is inhibited by purine nucleotides. However, activation of UCP1 via either direct interaction with the UCP1 protein, an increase in the expression of UCP1 genes or the physiological production of fatty acids can lead to a rise in the thermogenesis phenomenon. Hence, activation of UCP1 through small molecules of synthetic and natural origin can be considered as a promising strategy to mitigate obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jagtap
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rizwan MZ, Kerbus R, Kamstra K, Keerthisinghe P, Tups A. Dietary wheat gluten induces astro- and microgliosis in the hypothalamus of male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13326. [PMID: 37534400 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Gluten, which is found in cereals such as wheat, rye and barley, makes up a major dietary component in most western nations, and has been shown to promote body mass gain and peripheral inflammation in mice. In the current study, we investigated the impact of gluten on central inflammation that is typically associated with diet-induced obesity. While we found no effect of gluten when added to a low-fat diet (LFD), male mice fed high fat diet (HFD) enriched with gluten increased body mass and adiposity compared with mice fed HFD without gluten. We furthermore found that gluten, when added to the LFD, increases circulating C-reactive protein levels. Gluten regardless of whether it was added to LFD or HFD led to a profound increase in the number of microglia and astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, as detected by immunohistochemistry for ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. In mice fed LFD, gluten mimicked the immunogenic effects of HFD exposure and when added to HFD led to a further increase in the number of immunoreactive cells. Taken together, our results confirm a moderate obesogenic effect of gluten when fed to mice exposed to HFD and for the first-time report gluten-induced astro- and microgliosis suggesting the development of hypothalamic injury in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Romy Kerbus
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pramuk Keerthisinghe
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karaçelik T, Kaya B, Korkmaz M, Karaağaç M, Araz M, Eryılmaz MK, Bozcuk HŞ, Artaç M. Prognostic Significance of Adipose Tissue Distribution and Metabolic Activity in PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:456-466. [PMID: 35404000 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of adipose tissue distribution and metabolic activity in PET/CT to predict survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS The volume, density (HU), and FDG uptake (standardized uptake value (SUV)) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and maximum FDG uptake of the tumor tissue were measured. Subcutaneous adipose tissue of volume-to-density ratio (SAT ratio) was calculated. RESULTS The median OS for the patients with SAT ratio value < -1.1 and ≥ -1.1 were 38.5 (95% CI 31.54-45.58) and 24.5 (95% CI 14.13-34.93) months, respectively (p = 0.05). During follow-up, 69 patients experienced disease progression. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.03 months (95% CI: 9.11-12.95). Median PFS for patients with tumor SUV max value < 11.5 and ≥ 11.5 were 9.2 (95% CI 7.25-11.27) and 12.6 (95% CI 10.02-15.27) months, respectively (p = 0.14). Forty-eight patients received bevacizumab therapy. VAT SUV mean (HR: 0.09; 95% CI 0.01-0.52, p = 0.008) was significantly associated with PFS in patients receiving bevacizumab. SAT ratio was the significant parameter for the OS (HR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.33-1.01, p = 0.05) and PFS (HR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.91, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS SAT ratio was an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with mCRC. Higher SAT volume is correlated with longer survival in mCRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Karaçelik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Buğra Kaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Karaağaç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Araz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Karakurt Eryılmaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Şat Bozcuk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Antalya Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Artaç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qu Y, Liu J, Li J, Shen S, Chen X, Tang H, Yuan Y, Xia C, Deng L, Chen G, Zheng T, Chen J, Nie L, Yuan F, Tong N, Peng L, Song B. Association of abdominal adiposity, hepatic shear stiffness with subclinical left-ventricular remodeling evaluated by magnetic resonance in adults free of overt cardiovascular diseases: a prospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:99. [PMID: 37120545 PMCID: PMC10149007 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal ectopic fat deposition and excess visceral fat depots in obesity may be related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as both are involved in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The awareness of the link between abdominal adiposity and subclinical cardiac remodeling would help improve treatment and outcome. Besides, liver fibrosis has also shown a potential relationship with cardiac dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to investigate the associations of magnetic resonance (MR)-based abdominal adiposity and hepatic shear stiffness with subclinical left ventricular (LV) remodeling while taking account of MetS-related confounders in adults free of overt CVD. METHODS This was an exploratory, prospective study of 88 adults (46 subjects with obesity, 42 healthy controls) who underwent 3 T cardiac and body MR exams. Measures of abdominal MR included hepatic and pancreatic proton density fat fraction (H-PDFF and P-PDFF), hepatic shear stiffness by MR elastography, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT). Cardiac measures included epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and parameters of LV geometry and function. Associations were assessed using Pearson correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses, in which age, sex, and MetS-related confounders were adjusted for. RESULTS The LV ejection fractions of all participants were within the normal range. Higher H-PDFF, P-PDFF, SAT and VAT were independently associated with lower LV global myocardial strain parameters (radial, circumferential and longitudinal peak strain [PS], longitudinal peak systolic strain rate and diastolic strain rate) (β = - 0.001 to - 0.41, p < 0.05), and P-PDFF, SAT and VAT were independently and positively associated with LV end-diastolic volume and stroke volume (β = 0.09 to 3.08, p ≤ 0.02) in the over-all cohort. In the obesity subgroup, higher P-PDFF and VAT were independently associated with lower circumferential and longitudinal PS, respectively (β = - 0.29 to - 0.05, p ≤ 0.01). No independent correlation between hepatic shear stiffness and EAT or LV remodeling was found (all p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ectopic fat depositions in the liver and pancreas, and excess abdominal adipose tissue pose a risk of subclinical LV remodeling beyond MetS-related CVD risk factors in adults without overt CVD. VAT may play a more considerable role as a risk factor for subclinical LV dysfunction than does SAT in individuals with obesity. The underlying mechanisms of these associations and their longitudinal clinical implications need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Hehan Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianying Zheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Nie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Hainan, Sanya, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jannat Ali Pour N, Zabihi-Mahmoudabadi H, Ebrahimi R, Yekaninejad MS, Hashemnia SMR, Meshkani R, Emamgholipour S. Principal component analysis of adipose tissue gene expression of lipogenic and adipogenic factors in obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:94. [PMID: 37106328 PMCID: PMC10134674 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A better understanding of mechanisms regulating lipogenesis and adipogenesis is needed to overcome the obesity pandemic. We aimed to study the relationship of the transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese and normal-weight women with a variety of anthropometric indices, metabolic and biochemical parameters, and insulin resistance. METHODS Real-time PCR was done to evaluate the transcript levels of the above-mentioned genes in VAT and SAT from all participants. RESULTS Using principal component analysis (PCA) results, two significant principal components were identified for adipogenic and lipogenic genes in SAT (SPC1 and SPC2) and VAT (VPC1 and VPC2). SPC1 was characterized by relatively high transcript levels of SREBP1c, PPARγ, FAS, and ACC. However, the second pattern (SPC2) was associated with C/EBPα and LXR α mRNA expression. VPC1 was characterized by transcript levels of SREBP1c, FAS, and ACC. However, the VPC2 was characterized by transcript levels of C/EBPα, LXR α, and PPARγ. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that unlike SPC2, which disclosed an inverse correlation with body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist to height ratio, visceral adiposity index, HOMA-IR, conicity index, lipid accumulation product, and weight-adjusted waist index, the VPC1 was positively correlated with above-mentioned obesity indices. CONCLUSION This study provided valuable data on multiple patterns for adipogenic and lipogenic genes in adipose tissues in association with a variety of anthropometric indices in obese subjects predicting adipose tissue dysfunction and lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Grants
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 97.01-30-37421 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Jannat Ali Pour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zabihi-Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim IK, Song BW, Lim S, Kim SW, Lee S. The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Derived MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040498. [PMID: 37106699 PMCID: PMC10135702 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been leading cause of death worldwide for many decades, and obesity has been acknowledged as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, human epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs reported to be differentially expressed under pathologic conditions are discussed and summarized. The results of the literature review indicate that some of the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs are believed to be cardioprotective, while some others show quite the opposite effects depending on the underlying pathologic conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that that the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs have great potential as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Nevertheless, mainly due to highly limited availability of human samples, it is very difficult to make any generalized claims on a given miRNA in terms of its overall impact on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, further functional investigation of a given miRNA including, but not limited to, the study of its dose effect, off-target effects, and potential toxicity is required. We hope that this review can provide novel insights to transform our current knowledge on epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs into clinically viable therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dou J, Thangaraj SV, Puttabyatappa M, Elangovan VR, Bakulski K, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific regulation of non-coding RNAs and their relation to coding RNA expression in prenatal testosterone and prenatal bisphenol-A -treated female sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111868. [PMID: 36708980 PMCID: PMC10069610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate developmental exposure to steroids is linked to metabolic disorders. Prenatal testosterone excess or bisphenol A (BPA, an environmental estrogen mimic) leads to insulin resistance and adipocyte disruptions in female lambs. Adipocytes are key regulators of insulin sensitivity. Metabolic tissue-specific differences in insulin sensitivity coupled with adipose depot-specific changes in key mRNAs, were previously observed with prenatal steroid exposure. We hypothesized that depot-specific changes in the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) - regulators of gene expression would account for the direction of changes seen in mRNAs. Non-coding RNA (lncRNA, miRNA, snoRNA, snRNA) from various adipose depots of prenatal testosterone and BPA-treated animals were sequenced. Adipose depot-specific changes in the ncRNA that are consistent with the depot-specific mRNA expression in terms of directionality of changes and functional implications in insulin resistance, adipocyte differentiation and cardiac hypertrophy were found. Importantly, the adipose depot-specific ncRNA changes were model-specific and mutually exclusive, suggestive of different regulatory entry points in this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Calderón-DuPont D, Romero-Córdoba S, Tello JK, Espinosa A, Guerrero B, Contreras AV, Morán-Ramos S, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Impaired white adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet worsened by arsenic exposure, primarily affecting retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 468:116428. [PMID: 36801214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies obesity and insulin resistance in response to high calorie intake and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), among other factors. Arsenic is an EDC that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the combined effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and arsenic exposure on WAT FA metabolism has been little studied. FA metabolism was evaluated in visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous WAT of C57BL/6 male mice fed control or HFD (12 and 40% kcal fat, respectively) for 16 weeks together with an environmentally relevant chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water (100 μg/l) during the second half of the study. In mice fed HFD, arsenic potentiated the increase of serum markers of selective insulin resistance in WAT and fatty acid re-esterification and the decrease in the lipolysis index. Retroperitoneal was the WAT most affected, where the combination of arsenic and HFD in contrast to HFD, generated higher weight, larger adipocytes, increased triglyceride content, and decreased fasting stimulated lipolysis evidenced by lower phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. At the transcriptional level, arsenic in mice fed either diet downregulated genes involved in fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), oxidation (PPARα, CPT1), lipolysis (ADRß3) and glycerol transport (AQP7 and AQP9). Additionally, arsenic potentiated hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD, despite a slight increase in weight gain and food efficiency. Thus, the second hit of arsenic in sensitized mice by HFD worsens fatty acid metabolism impairment in WAT, mainly retroperitoneal, along with an exacerbated insulin resistance phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Jessica K Tello
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Maestría en Nutrición Clínica, Universidad Anáhuac Campus Norte, Estado de México 52786, Mexico
| | - Aranza Espinosa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Brenda Guerrero
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Translational Molecular Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genόmica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Sauerwein H. Invited review: Assessment of body condition score and body fat reserves in relation to insulin sensitivity and metabolic phenotyping in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:807-821. [PMID: 36460514 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review body condition scoring and the role of body fat reserves in relation to insulin sensitivity and metabolic phenotyping. This article summarizes body condition scoring assessment methods and the differences between subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in dairy cows. The mass of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT) changes significantly during the transition period; however, metabolism and intensity of lipolysis differ between subcutaneous and visceral AT depots of dairy cows. The majority of studies on AT have focused on subcutaneous AT, and few have explored visceral AT using noninvasive methods. In this systematic review, we summarize the relationship between body fat reserves and insulin sensitivity and integrate omics research (e.g., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics) for metabolic phenotyping of cows, particularly overconditioned cows. Several studies have shown that AT insulin resistance develops during the prepartum period, especially in overconditioned cows. We discuss the role of AT lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, acylcarnitines, and lipid insulin antagonists, including ceramide and glycerophospholipids, in cows with different body condition scoring. Nonoptimal body conditions (under- or overconditioned cows) exhibit marked abnormalities in metabolic and endocrine function. Overall, reducing the number of cows with nonoptimal body conditions in herds seems to be the most practical solution to improve profitability, and dairy farmers should adjust their management practices accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Coptis chinensis, and extracts of guava and mulberry leaves present good inhibiting potential on obesity and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat diet obesity mice model. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:270-276. [PMID: 37128193 PMCID: PMC10148135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Coptis chinensis (CC), BALASAN (combinational guava leaf extract and mulberry leaf extract), and CC/BALASAN (CC/BAL) on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and to explore possible mediating mechanisms in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Oil red-O stain was used to test the effects of CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Additionally, real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue of mice that were fed a high-fat diet. CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and exhibited excellent inhibitory ability against the expression of PPARγ and RXRα genes associated with adipocyte differentiation. Replenishing mice with a high-fat diet with CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL reduced body weight gaining and blood glucose and plasma cholesterol levels. CC also effectively reduced liver weight, whereas BALASAN and CC/BAL had no inhibitory effect. In addition, CC effectively inhibited the expression of C/EBP-α in adipose tissue. Interestingly, BALASAN not only inhibited the expression of C/EBP-α, but also that of PPARγ, RXRα, and TNFα. Such data indicated that CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL may have potentially beneficial effects against obesity and associated metabolic disorders by down-regulating the PPARγ/RXRα pathway.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dickson E, Fryklund C, Soylu-Kucharz R, Sjögren M, Stenkula KG, Björkqvist M. Altered Adipocyte Cell Size Distribution Prior to Weight Loss in the R6/2 Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:253-266. [PMID: 37718850 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations contribute to disease onset and prognosis of Huntington's disease (HD). Weight loss in the R6/2 mouse model of HD is a consistent feature, with onset in mid-to-late stage of disease. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate molecular and functional changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) that occur at weight loss in R6/2 mice. We further elaborated on the effect of leptin-deficiency and early obesity in R6/2 mice. METHODS We performed analyses at 12 weeks of age; a time point that coincides with the start of weight loss in our R6/2 mouse colony. Gonadal (visceral) and inguinal (subcutaneous) WAT depot weights were monitored, as well as adipocyte size distribution. Response to isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes from gonadal WAT was assessed. RESULTS In R6/2 mice, WAT depot weights were comparable to wildtype (WT) mice, and the response to insulin and isoprenaline in gonadal adipocytes was unaltered. Leptin-deficient R6/2 mice exhibited distinct changes compared to leptin-deficient WT mice. At 12 weeks, female leptin-deficient R6/2 mice had reduced body weight accompanied by an increased proportion of smaller adipocytes, while in contrast; male mice displayed a shift towards larger adipocyte sizes without a significant body weight reduction at this timepoint. CONCLUSIONS We here show that there are early sex-specific changes in adipocyte cell size distribution in WAT of R6/2 mice and leptin-deficient R6/2 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elna Dickson
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjögren
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Althaher AR. An Overview of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL). ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:1964684. [PMID: 36530555 PMCID: PMC9754850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1964684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a pivotal enzyme that mediates triglyceride hydrolysis to provide free fatty acids and glycerol in adipocytes in a hormonally controlled lipolysis process. Elevated plasma-free fatty acids were accompanied by insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Inhibition of lipolysis through HSL inhibition may provide a mechanism to prevent the accumulation of free fatty acids and to improve the affectability of insulin and blood glucose handling in type II diabetes. The published studies that examine the structure, regulation, and function of HSL and major inhibitors were reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa R. Althaher
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lednovich KR, Gough S, Brenner M, Qadri T, Layden BT. G
Protein‐Coupled Receptors in Metabolic Disease. GPCRS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS 2022:521-552. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119564782.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
24
|
Blackmore K, Young CN. Central Feminization of Obese Male Mice Reduces Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1324. [PMID: 36291259 PMCID: PMC9599293 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome encompasses a spectrum of conditions that increases the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It is widely accepted that the sex hormone estrogen plays a protective metabolic role in premenopausal women, in part through central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms. However, most work to date has focused on the loss of estrogen in females (e.g., menopause). Interestingly, transgender individuals receiving feminizing gender affirming therapy (i.e., estrogen) are relatively protected from metabolic syndrome conditions, pointing to a role for CNS estrogen in the development of metabolic syndrome in men. Here, we show that estrogen signaling in the brain protects males from metabolic syndrome and obesity related complications. First, short-term CNS specific supplementation of low-dose 17-β-estradiol in diet-induced obese male mice resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in parallel with a decrease in food intake without alterations in energy expenditure. In conjunction, central supplementation of estrogen reduced visceral adiposity, including epididymal and abdominal regions, with slighter decreases in subcutaneous inguinal and thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, central estrogen administration reduced the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome including hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that a lack of estrogen action in the brain may predispose males to metabolic syndrome pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Colin N. Young
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Of mice and men: Considerations on adipose tissue physiology in animal models of obesity and human studies. Metabol Open 2022; 15:100208. [PMID: 36092796 PMCID: PMC9460138 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing burden of obesity demands a better pathophysiological understanding, especially regarding adipose tissue pathophysiology. Animal models of obesity are of great importance in investigating potential mechanisms and implications of obesity. Many issues should be considered while interpreting the preclinical results as anatomical and pathophysiological differences exist among species. Importantly, the natural history of obesity development differs considerably. An important example of conflicting results among preclinical models and human physiological studies is that of adipose tissue oxygenation, where rodent models almost unanimously have shown the presence of hypoxia in the adipose tissue of obese animals while human studies have yielded conflicting results to date. Other issues which require further clarification before generalizing preclinical data in humans include adipose tissue browning, endocrine function and fibrosis. The aim of this mini-review is to synopsize similarities and differences between rodent models and humans, which should be taken into consideration in obesity studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Muscle Stimulation for Aesthetic Body Shaping: A Comprehensive and Critical Review. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:1076-1082. [PMID: 35985005 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aesthetic muscle stimulation (AMS) using high-intensity electromagnetic field (HIFEM) targets skeletal muscle neurons, causing muscle hypertrophy and loss of adipose tissue, thereby cultivating a sculpted physique. Many studies have evaluated AMS for noninvasive body contouring; however, the efficacy, safety, and long-term data remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate the current literature on the use of electromagnetic muscle stimulation for body contouring and provide a consensus on patient selection and long-term efficacy of AMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched using the terms: "HIFEM," "Electromagnetic therapy," and "muscle" or "Electrical stimulation muscle treatments" and "aesthetics." Studies involving the use of muscle stimulation for nonaesthetic/dermatologic, in vitro studies or studies involving animals were excluded. RESULTS Twenty studies in total were included [9 moderate-quality, 8 low-quality, and 3 very low‒quality studies] based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scale, representing 521 patients. Body sites evaluated included the abdomen (378 patients), buttock (156 patients), arms (22 patients), and calves (15 patients). CONCLUSION Electromagnetic muscle stimulation represents an effective therapeutic intervention for abdominal contouring that yields increased muscle thickness, and reduced abdominal fat thickness, for up to 1 year after treatment. Larger, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of electromagnetic muscle stimulation alone for contouring of buttocks, thighs, arms, and calves.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma T, Li X, Zhang T, Duan M, Ma Q, Cong L, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen Y. Effect of visceral adipose tissue on the accuracy of preoperative T-staging of gastric cancer. Eur J Radiol 2022; 155:110488. [PMID: 35988392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the anatomical characteristics of the tumor and the specific variables of the patients, the accuracy of preoperative T-staging of gastric cancer needs to be further improved. This study investigated the effect of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on the accuracy of clinical T-staging of gastric cancer. METHODS The clinical data of 455 patients who underwent gastrectomy from January 2013 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Taking the postoperative pathological results as the reference standard, the patients were divided into accurate staging group and mistaken staging group according to the comparison of clinical T stage (cT) and pathological T stage (pT). The individual characteristics of the two groups were compared, including visceral fat content at L2/L3 level calculated on computed tomography, age, sex, tumor size, tumor location (cardia, stomach body, stomach antrum), and degree of differentiation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent factors affecting the accuracy of cT staging. RESULTS Among the 455 patients, 355 patients (78.0 %) had accurate preoperative cT staging and 100 patients (22.0 %) had inaccurate preoperative cT staging. The average area of VAT in the accurate staging group was (129.8 ± 72.6) cm2 and that in the mistaken staging group was (74.6 ± 61.6) cm2 (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of VAT was 97.8 cm2 calculated according to the Yoden index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that VAT, tumor location and tumor size were independent predictors of cT accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lower visceral fat content (<97.8 cm2) based on L2/L3 level had a higher risk of false staging in preoperative clinical T staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Mingguang Duan
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Radiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Medical Imaging Interventional Therapy, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yunchao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cavalieri R, Hazebroek MK, Cotrim CA, Lee Y, Kunji ERS, Jastroch M, Keipert S, Crichton PG. Activating ligands of Uncoupling protein 1 identified by rapid membrane protein thermostability shift analysis. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101526. [PMID: 35691529 PMCID: PMC9243162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) catalyses mitochondrial proton leak in brown adipose tissue to facilitate nutrient oxidation for heat production, and may combat metabolic disease if activated in humans. During the adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes, free fatty acids generated from lipolysis activate UCP1 via an unclear interaction. Here, we set out to characterise activator binding to purified UCP1 to clarify the activation process, discern novel activators and the potential to target UCP1. METHODS We assessed ligand binding to purified UCP1 by protein thermostability shift analysis, which unlike many conventional approaches can inform on the binding of hydrophobic ligands to membrane proteins. A detailed activator interaction analysis and screening approach was carried out, supported by investigations of UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1 expression-controlled cell lines. RESULTS We reveal that fatty acids and other activators influence UCP1 through a specific destabilising interaction, behaving as transport substrates that shift the protein to a less stable conformation of a transport cycle. Through the detection of specific stability shifts in screens, we identify novel activators, including the over-the-counter drug ibuprofen, where ligand analysis indicates that UCP1 has a relatively wide structural specificity for interacting molecules. Ibuprofen successfully induced UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1-expressing HEK293 cells but not in cultured brown adipocytes, suggesting drug delivery differs in each cell type. CONCLUSIONS These findings clarify the nature of the activator-UCP1 interaction and demonstrate that the targeting of UCP1 in cells by approved drugs is in principle achievable as a therapeutic avenue, but requires variants with more effective delivery in brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cavalieri
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camila A Cotrim
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lee
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Noninvasive NMR/MRS Metabolic Parameters to Evaluate Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071621. [PMID: 35885526 PMCID: PMC9323612 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ectopic fat deposition and its effects, metabolic syndrome, have been significantly correlated to lifestyle and caloric consumption. There is no specific noninvasive evaluation tool being used in order to establish clinical markers for tracing the metabolic pathway implicated in obesity-related abnormalities that occur in the body as a result of a high-fat diet (HFD). The purpose of this work is to investigate in vivo ectopic fat distribution and in vitro metabolite profiles given by HFDs, as well as how they are inter-related, in order to find surrogate metabolic biomarkers in the development of metabolic syndrome utilizing noninvasive approaches. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into a standard normal chow diet, ND group, and HFD group. After 16 weeks of different diet administration, blood samples were collected for proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and biochemical analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging/proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI/1H MRS) was performed on the abdomen, liver, and psoas muscle of the rats. (3) Results: Visceral fat showed the strongest relationship with blood cholesterol. Although liver fat content (LFC) was not associated with any biophysical profiles, it had the highest correlation with metabolites such as (-CH2)n very-low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein (VLDL/LDL), lactate, and N-acetyl glycoprotein of serum 1H NMR. HFD showed no obvious influence on muscle fat accumulation. Acetoacetate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, lactate, (-CH2)n VLDL/LDL, and valine were the five possible metabolic biomarkers used to differentiate HFD from ND in the present study. (4) Conclusions: Our study has validated the influence of long-term HFD-induced ectopic fat on body metabolism as well as the metabolic profile deterioration both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
|
30
|
Palma G, Sorice GP, Genchi VA, Giordano F, Caccioppoli C, D’Oria R, Marrano N, Biondi G, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137349. [PMID: 35806353 PMCID: PMC9267094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused by an excess of adipose tissue that may impair health by altering the functionality of various organs, including the lungs. Excessive deposition of fat in the abdominal area can lead to abnormal positioning of the diaphragm and consequent reduction in lung volume, leading to a heightened demand for ventilation and increased exposure to respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and obstructive sleep apnoea. In addition to mechanical ventilatory constraints, excess fat and ectopic deposition in visceral depots can lead to adipose tissue dysfunction, which promotes metabolic disorders. An altered adipokine-secretion profile from dysfunctional adipose tissue in morbid obesity fosters systemic, low-grade inflammation, impairing pulmonary immune response and promoting airway hyperresponsiveness. A potential target of these adipokines could be the NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical component of the innate immune system, the harmful pro-inflammatory effect of which affects both adipose and lung tissue in obesity. In this review, we will investigate the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the lung in obesity, highlighting the main inflammatory mediators and novel therapeutic targets in preventing pulmonary dysfunction.
Collapse
|
31
|
Red Rice Bran Extract Attenuates Adipogenesis and Inflammation on White Adipose Tissues in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131865. [PMID: 35804681 PMCID: PMC9266166 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red rice bran extract (RRBE) has been reported to have the potential for in vitro metabolic modulation and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of these potentials in adipose tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo anti-adipogenic, anti-hypertrophic, and anti-inflammatory activities of RRBE and its major bioactive compounds in mice. After six weeks of consuming either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), 32 mice with initial body weights of 20.76 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into four groups; the four groups were fed a low-fat diet, a HFD, a HFD plus 0.5 g/kg of RRBE, or a HFD plus 1 g/kg of RRBE, respectively. The 6-week treatment using RRBE reduced HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in intra-abdominal epididymal white adipose tissue (p < 0.05) without causing significant changes in body and adipose tissue weight, which reductions were accompanied by the down-regulated expression of adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and hormone-sensitive lipase (p < 0.05), as well as inflammatory genes, including macrophage marker F4/80, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (p < 0.05), in adipose tissue. Furthermore, RRBE significantly decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (p < 0.05). Bioactive compound analyses revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in these extracts. Collectively, this study demonstrates that RRBE effectively attenuates HFD-induced pathological adipose tissue remodeling by suppressing adipogenesis, lipid dysmetabolism, and inflammation. Therefore, RRBE may emerge as one of the alternative food products to be used against obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction.
Collapse
|
32
|
Córdoba-Sosa G, Nicolás-Toledo L, Cervantes-Rodríguez M, Xelhuantzi-Arreguin N, Arteaga-Castañeda MDL, Zambrano E, Cuevas-Romero E, Rodríguez-Antolín J. Maternal and Offspring Sugar Consumption Increases Perigonadal Adipose Tissue Hypertrophy and Negatively Affects the Testis Histological Organization in Adult Rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893099. [PMID: 35784458 PMCID: PMC9247188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar intake has been associated with the development of male reproductive pathologies because of the increase and dysfunction in different adipose tissue depots. The establishment of these dysfunctions in the early stages of development is unknown. We evaluated the effect of maternal (pregnancy and lactation) and male offspring (from weaning to adulthood) consumption of 5% sucrose on perigonadal adipose tissue (PAT) and testis in adulthood. Moreover, two rat groups were compared, both including pregnant and lactating females: Control (C—drinking tap water) and sugar (S—consuming 5% sucrose solution). From weaning to adulthood with male offspring, four subgroups were formed: Control Mother → Control and Sugar offspring (CC, CS) and Sugar Mother → Control and Sugar offspring (SC, SS). At 120 postnatal days, the testes and PAT were collected and morphologically described. Furthermore, we quantified the number and cross-sectional area of perigonadal adipocytes and their distribution. We found that the males from SC and SS groups showed high PAT weight (p < 0.005), a high number (p < 0.05), and a relative frequency of large adipocytes (p < 0.05), establishing these results during gestational and lactation stages, and enhancing in adulthood since postnatal diet and its interaction. More macrophages, mast cells, and Leydig cells were observed in the interstitial space of the testis for the CS, SC, and SS groups, concluding that consumption of a high-carbohydrate maternal diet, program hypertrophy processes in adult PAT, developing and enhancing with sugar consumption during postnatal life. Furthermore, they are associated with inflammatory processes within the interstitial space of the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Córdoba-Sosa
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Nicté Xelhuantzi-Arreguin
- Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Licenciatura en Enfermería y Obstetricia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
KILIÇ TÜRK H, PEKGÖR S, ERYILMAZ M. Metabolik sendrom, insülin direnci, diabetes mellitus ve hipertansiyonu öngörmede visseral adipozite indeksi kesme değerlerinin belirlenmesi. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.1001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The visceral adiposity index is a reliable indicator of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction. The aim of this research was to determine the cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension at specific age ranges and in both sexes separately.Methods: This research is both descriptive and analytical. The research was conducted with 951 participants aged 18 and over between July 2019 and July 2020. 51 participants that did not meet study criteria were excluded from the research. The research was completed with a total of 900 participants, 577 females and 373 males. A physical examination and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure) of all participants were conducted. After 12 hours of fasting, the HDL, TG, glucose, and insulin levels of participants were measured. The blood pressure of participants was measured after 15 minutes of rest. Adult treatment panel 3 criteria were used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. A homeostatic model assessment was calculated. The visceral adiposity index is calculated in the entire population for the prediction of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension: women, men, age groups 18–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–65, 66 and over.Results: Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting metabolic syndrome were 4.53 in the total population and males, 4.28 in females, 4.76 in the 18-30 age range, 4.96 in the 31-40 age range, 4.87 in the 41-50 age range, 5.04 in the 51-65 age range, and 4.59 in the age range 66 and above. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting insulin resistance were 4.24 in the total population and females, 4.68 in males, 3.45 in the 18-30 age range, 4.15 in the 31-40 age range, 4.66 in the 41-50 age range, and 4.87 in the 51-65 age range. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus were 4.89 in the total population, 6.43 in females, 7.02 in the 31-40 age range, 7.29 in the 41-50 age range, and 5.98 in the 51-65 age range. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting hypertension were 4.26 in the total population, 4.07 in females, 4.64 in the 18–30 age range, and 4.43 in the 51–65 age range.Conclusions: The visceral adiposity index can be used to predict metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selma PEKGÖR
- Department of Family Medicine, Konya City Hospital, Konya
| | - Mehmet ERYILMAZ
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Konya Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
de Sousa Neto IV, Durigan JLQ, da Silva ASR, de Cássia Marqueti R. Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Response to Dietary Patterns and Exercise: Molecular Landscape, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050765. [PMID: 35625493 PMCID: PMC9138682 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipose tissue is considered a metabolic organ that adjusts overall energy homeostasis and critical hormones to the body’s needs. In conditions of caloric intake surpassing energy expenditure, lipid accumulation occurs with constant extracellular matrix deposition. Excess lipids and adipocyte hypertrophy may reduce extracellular matrix flexibility in conjunction with hypoxia and inflammation. These processes induce the development of adipose tissue fibrosis and correlated metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance. With the increasing rate of chronic diseases worldwide, it is essential to generate a more precise knowledge of fibrotic processes, as well as to create optimal models to study potential therapies to combat the harmful effects of extracellular matrix deposition. In this work, we focused on the physiological processes in the remodeling of adipose tissue fibrosis, along with their relevance to clinical indications. Furthermore, we emphasize understanding how lifestyle can alleviate adipocyte dysfunction. Several studies showed that a nutritionally balanced diet combined with exercise is a remarkable potential strategy for lipolytic activity, preventing rapid extracellular matrix expansion in parallel with insulin and glucose action improvements. Thus, the emerging beneficial role of exercise training and low-calorie diet on adipose tissue ECM remodeling is a topic that deserves attention from health professionals. Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a 3-dimensional network of molecules that play a central role in differentiation, migration, and survival for maintaining normal homeostasis. It seems that ECM remodeling is required for adipose tissue expansion. Despite evidence indicating that ECM is an essential component of tissue physiology, adipose tissue ECM has received limited attention. Hence, there is great interest in approaches to neutralize the harmful effects of ECM enlargement. This review compiles and discusses the current literature on adipose tissue ECM remodeling in response to different dietary patterns and exercise training. High-calorie diets result in substantial adipose tissue ECM remodeling, which in turn could lead to fibrosis (excess deposition of collagens, elastin, and fibronectin), inflammation, and the onset of metabolic dysfunction. However, combining a nutritionally balanced diet with exercise is a remarkable potential strategy for lipolytic activity, preventing rapid ECM expansion in different adipose tissue depots. Despite the distinct exercise modalities (aerobic or resistance exercise) reversing adipose tissue fibrosis in animal models, the beneficial effect on humans remains controversial. Defining molecular pathways and specific mechanisms that mediate the positive effects on adipose tissue, ECM is essential in developing optimized interventions to improve health and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; or
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; or
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang MC, Lee HG, Lee SH, Song KM, Kim HS, Kim S, Choi YS, Jeon YJ. Sargassum horneri inhibits fat accumulation via up-regulation of thermogenesis in obese mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
36
|
Chehade H, Tedja R, Ramos H, Bawa TS, Adzibolosu N, Gogoi R, Mor G, Alvero AB. Regulatory Role of the Adipose Microenvironment on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092267. [PMID: 35565396 PMCID: PMC9101128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipocytes or fat cells are integral part of the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Secreted factors from adipocytes, as well as direct cell-to-cell interaction with ovarian cancer cells have been shown to directly support ovarian tumor progression. Elucidating the molecular pathways involved is crucial in the identification of relevant targets. Abstract The tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer is the peritoneal cavity wherein adipose tissue is a major component. The role of the adipose tissue in support of ovarian cancer progression has been elucidated in several studies from the past decades. The adipocytes, in particular, are a major source of factors, which regulate all facets of ovarian cancer progression such as acquisition of chemoresistance, enhanced metastatic potential, and metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the relevant studies, which highlight the role of adipocytes in ovarian cancer progression and offer insights into unanswered questions and possible future directions of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Chehade
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Harry Ramos
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Tejeshwar Singh Bawa
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Nicholas Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gentile A, Magnacca N, de Matteis R, Moreno M, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Lanni A, de Lange P, Senese R, Goglia F, Silvestri E, Lombardi A. Ablation of uncoupling protein 3 affects interrelated factors leading to lipolysis and insulin resistance in visceral white adipose tissue. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22325. [PMID: 35452152 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101816rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role played by uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been elucidated so far. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the absence of the whole body UCP3 on WAT physiology in terms of ability to store triglycerides, oxidative capacity, response to insulin, inflammation, and adipokine production. Wild type (WT) and UCP3 Knockout (KO) mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) have been used as the animal model. Visceral gonadic WAT (gWAT) from KO mice showed an impaired capacity to store triglycerides (TG) as indicated by its lowered weight, reduced adipocyte diameter, and higher glycerol release (index of lipolysis). The absence of UCP3 reduces the maximal oxidative capacity of gWAT, increases mitochondrial free radicals, and activates ER stress. These processes are associated with increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α. The response of gWAT to in vivo insulin administration, revealed by (ser473)-AKT phosphorylation, was blunted in KO mice, with a putative role played by eif2a, JNK, and inflammation. Variations in adipokine levels in the absence of UCP3 were observed, including reduced adiponectin levels both in gWAT and serum. As a whole, these data indicate an important role of UCP3 in regulating the metabolic functionality of gWAT, with its absence leading to metabolic derangement. The obtained results help to clarify some aspects of the association between metabolic disorders and low UCP3 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita de Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Q, Hinkle J, Reed JN, Aherrahrou R, Xu Z, Harris TE, Stephenson EJ, Musunuru K, Keller SR, Civelek M. Adipocyte-Specific Modulation of KLF14 Expression in Mice Leads to Sex-Dependent Impacts on Adiposity and Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes 2022; 71:677-693. [PMID: 35081256 PMCID: PMC8965685 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 7 upstream of KLF14 to be associated with metabolic syndrome traits and increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The associations were more significant in women than in men. The risk allele carriers expressed lower levels of the transcription factor KLF14 in adipose tissues than nonrisk allele carriers. To investigate how adipocyte KLF14 regulates metabolic traits in a sex-dependent manner, we characterized high-fat diet-fed male and female mice with adipocyte-specific Klf14 deletion or overexpression. Klf14 deletion resulted in increased fat mass in female mice and decreased fat mass in male mice. Female Klf14-deficient mice had overall smaller adipocytes in subcutaneous fat depots but larger adipocytes in parametrial depots, indicating a shift in lipid storage from subcutaneous to visceral fat depots. They had reduced metabolic rates and increased respiratory exchange ratios consistent with increased use of carbohydrates as an energy source. Fasting- and isoproterenol-induced adipocyte lipolysis was defective in female Klf14-deficient mice, and concomitantly, adipocyte triglycerides lipase mRNA levels were downregulated. Female Klf14-deficient mice cleared blood triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid less efficiently than wild-type. Finally, adipocyte-specific overexpression of Klf14 resulted in lower total body fat in female but not male mice. Taken together, consistent with human studies, adipocyte KLF14 deficiency in female but not in male mice causes increased adiposity and redistribution of lipid storage from subcutaneous to visceral adipose tissues. Increasing KLF14 abundance in adipocytes of females with obesity and T2D may provide a novel treatment option to alleviate metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Corresponding authors: Qianyi Yang, , and Mete Civelek,
| | - Jameson Hinkle
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jordan N. Reed
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Erin J. Stephenson
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies & Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susanna R. Keller
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Corresponding authors: Qianyi Yang, , and Mete Civelek,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Han HS, Chung KS, Shin YK, Yu JS, Kang SH, Lee SH, Lee KT. Effect of Standardized Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves Extract on Body Weight and Body Fat Reduction in Overweight or Obese Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010208. [PMID: 35011083 PMCID: PMC8747274 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem that is caused by body fat accumulation and that can lead to metabolic diseases. Owing to several side effects of the currently used antiobesity drugs, natural plants have risen as safe and potential candidates to alleviate obesity. We have previously reported the antiobesity effect of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. leaves extract (WHS) and its underlying mechanisms. As an extension of our preclinical studies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of WHS on body weight and body fat reduction in overweight or obese humans. A total of 93 healthy overweight or obese males and females, aged 19–65 years, with body mass indexes (BMIs) ≥ 25 and <32 kg/m2, were recruited and received either an oral administration of 600 mg of WHS, or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Daily supplementation with WHS decreased body weights, body fat masses, and BMIs compared with the placebo-treated group. The hip circumferences, visceral fat areas, abdominal fat areas, and visceral-to-subcutaneous ratios decreased after WHS supplementation. No significant side effects were observed during or after the 12 weeks of WHS intake. In conclusion, WHS, which has beneficial effects on body weight and body fat reduction, could be a promising antiobesity supplement that does not produce any side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Jae-Sik Yu
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Kang
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08779, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Frasca D, Strbo N. Effects of Obesity on Infections with Emphasis on Skin Infections and Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND SKIN SCIENCE 2022; 4:5-10. [PMID: 37621853 PMCID: PMC10448872 DOI: 10.29245/2767-5092/2022/3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced health span and life span, decreased responses to infections and vaccination and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize published data showing that obesity increases the risk of different types of infections, with a special focus on skin infections. Obesity also induces skin changes and conditions (inflammation-based and hypertrophic) which are often associated with fungi or bacteria overgrowth. The association of obesity with the skin microbiome has been established in both mice and humans. Balance of commensal microbes controls skin homeostasis and the host immune response, while changes in normal physiologic skin microbiome composition and pathologic bacteria contribute to skin diseases. We also summarize the major steps in wound healing and how obesity affects each of them. The role that immune cells have in this process is also described. Although the studies summarized in this review clearly demonstrate the deleterious effects of obesity on wound healing, additional studies are needed to better characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and identify specific targets of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yonkova PY. Dynamics of the development of subcutaneous fat depots in rabbits – a gross anatomical and microscopic study. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, gross anatomical and microscopic features of interscapular (IsFD) and inguinal (InFD) fat depots of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated. Rabbits were equally distributed into 4 groups: 1st - newborns, 2nd - 1 month old, 3rd - 2 months old and 4th - 3 months old. The cranial subcutaneous fat pad in newborns covered dorsal and ventral cervical and interscapular regions. As age advanced, cervical lobes underwent a rapid reduction but the development of interscapular lobes continued. IsFD in rabbits from 1st and 2nd group was composed of both white and brown adipocytes, while in 3rd and 4th groups it consisted of white adipocytes only. InFD in rabbits from all tested groups occupied respective inguinal region and no age-dependent changes in shape and topography were observed. In all groups InFD was composed of white adipocytes only. The highest growth rate of interscapular and inguinal adipocytes was established in one-month-old rabbits. Differences in anatomy and histology of interscapular and inguinal fat depots in rabbits could be successfully used for comparison in other experiments in the field of adipobiology and autologous transplantation, where fat depots undergo significant morphological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Y. Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Petrelli A, Giovenzana A, Insalaco V, Phillips BE, Pietropaolo M, Giannoukakis N. Autoimmune Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Hallmarks So Far and Yet So Close to Explain Diabetes Endotypes. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 34902055 PMCID: PMC8668851 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus can be categorized into two major variants, type 1 and type 2. A number of traits such as clinical phenotype, age at disease onset, genetic background, and underlying pathogenesis distinguish the two forms. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence indicates that type 1 diabetes can be accompanied by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes exhibits self-reactivity. These two previously unknown conditions can influence the progression and outcome of the disease. Unlike most conventional considerations, diabetes appears to consist of a spectrum of intermediate phenotypes that includes monogenic and polygenic loci linked to inflammatory processes including autoimmunity, beta cell impairment, and insulin resistance. Here we discuss why a shift of the classical bi-modal view of diabetes (autoimmune vs. non-autoimmune) is necessary in favor of a model of an immunological continuum of endotypes lying between the two extreme "insulin-resistant" and "autoimmune beta cell targeting," shaped by environmental and genetic factors which contribute to determine specific immune-conditioned outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Petrelli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Giovenzana
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Insalaco
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Brett E. Phillips
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDivision of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Obesity is one of the risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several studies have shown the association between increased body mass index and kidney function decline. Obesity leads to CKD directly by acting as an independent risk factor and indirectly through increasing risks for diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, a group of well-established independent risk factors for CKD. Alterations in renal hemodynamics, inflammation, and in hormones and growth factors results in hyperfiltration injury and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In recent years, many studies have shown that the gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Dysbiosis has been noted in obese subjects in both human and animal studies. Changes in the gut microbiome in obese patients promote weight gain by effectively extracting energy from diet, and induction of low-grade inflammation. Evidence also points to the role of inflammation within the adipose tissue in obesity as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. Thus, obesity is the net result of complex interactions between behavioral, genetic, and environmental factors. In terms of management, conservative approaches are often the first option, but they often are unsuccessful in achieving and/or maintaining weight loss, particularly in severe obesity. Consequently, nonmedical management with bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity and has shown mitigation of multiple risk factors for the progression of CKD. The most frequently performed interventions are vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Studies have shown that bariatric surgery is associated with beneficial effects on CKD by mitigating its risk factors by weight loss, reducing insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and proteinuria, in addition to positive long-term outcomes. Because of the epidemic of obesity, the prevalence of obesity in kidney transplant recipients also is increasing. The maximal body mass index (BMI) threshold for kidney transplantation is not clear. The Organ Procurement Transplant Network/Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients 2019 annual data report showed that the proportion of kidney transplant recipient candidates with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater is increasing steadily. Morbid obesity is linked to adverse graft outcomes including delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, and decreased graft survival. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in kidney transplant recipients, suggesting that these patients should not be excluded from transplantation based on their BMI because transplantation is associated with lower mortality compared with dialysis. However, many centers exclude obese patients (with different BMI cut-off values) from transplantation to avoid postoperative complications. To minimize the surgical complications of kidney transplantation in obese patients, our center has adopted the robot-assisted kidney transplantation procedure. Our data show that this approach is comparable with historical nonobese controls in the United Network for Organ Sharing database in terms of patient and graft survival. Another surgical option for this group of patients at our center is a combined robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic-assisted kidney transplant. In a recent study, this approach showed promising results in terms of weight loss, patient survival, and graft survival, and might become more common in the future.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kesztyüs D, Lampl J, Kesztyüs T. The Weight Problem: Overview of the Most Common Concepts for Body Mass and Fat Distribution and Critical Consideration of Their Usefulness for Risk Assessment and Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111070. [PMID: 34769593 PMCID: PMC8583287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity already reached epidemic proportions many years ago and more people may die from this pandemic than from COVID-19. However, the figures depend on which measure of fat mass is used. The determination of the associated health risk also depends on the applied measure. Therefore, we will examine the most common measures for their significance, their contribution to risk assessment and their applicability. The following categories are reported: indices of increased accumulation of body fat; weight indices and mortality; weight indices and risk of disease; normal weight obesity and normal weight abdominal obesity; metabolically healthy obesity; the obesity paradox. It appears that BMI is still the most common measure for determining weight categories, followed by measures of abdominal fat distribution. Newer measures, unlike BMI, take fat distribution into account but often lack validated cut-off values or have limited applicability. Given the high prevalence of obesity and the associated risk of disease and mortality, it is important for a targeted approach to identify risk groups and determine individual risk. Therefore, in addition to BMI, a measure of fat distribution should always be used to ensure that less obvious but risky manifestations such as normal weight obesity are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Kesztyüs
- Department of Medical Informatics at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-37873521
| | - Josefine Lampl
- General Practitioner Centre Arnold & Liffers, Albstr. 6, 89081 Jungingen, Germany;
| | - Tibor Kesztyüs
- Department of Medical Informatics at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Morrisson MJ, Bi F, Yang K, Cady SL, Hartwich TMP, Cerchia AP, Li Z, Kim J, Irwin ML, Yang-Hartwich Y. Effect of exercise on peritoneal microenvironment and progression of ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5045-5062. [PMID: 34765311 PMCID: PMC8569339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies and lacks treatments that do not significantly impact patient health-related quality of life. Exercise has been associated with reduced cancer risk and improved clinical outcomes; however the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we utilized a treadmill-running exercise model to investigate the effects of exercise on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) progression and chemotherapy outcomes. We found that treadmill-running suppressed peritoneal colonization of tumors in a syngeneic mouse ovarian cancer model. Acute exercise stimulated the production of CCL2 and IL-15 in the peritoneal microenvironment while downregulating CCL22, VEGF, and CCL12. Using a co-culture model, we demonstrated the role of CCL2 in mediating the activity of peritoneal cells to inhibit cancer cell viability. We showed that the activation of M1 macrophages may contribute to the exercise-induced changes in the peritoneal microenvironment. We identified that chronic exercise modulates gene expression of intraperitoneal fat tissues related to lipid formation, thermogenesis, browning, and inflammation, which can contribute to inhibiting the colonization of metastatic ovarian cancer. Treadmill running also lowered blood urea nitrogen levels and reduced incidence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy in a mouse model, suggesting the potential beneficial effects of exercise in improving chemotherapy outcomes. Our data provided new insights into the acute and chronic effects of physical activity on ovarian cancer at the molecular and in vivo levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Morrisson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah L Cady
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tobias MP Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alexandra P Cerchia
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New HavenWest Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhigui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale School of Public HealthNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Htun KT, Pan J, Pasanta D, Tungjai M, Udomtanakunchai C, Petcharoen T, Chamta N, Kosicharoen S, Chukua K, Lai C, Kothan S. Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/ 1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101035. [PMID: 34685406 PMCID: PMC8541404 DOI: 10.3390/life11101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. METHODS The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. RESULTS A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thandar Htun
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Thanaporn Petcharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Nattacha Chamta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Supak Kosicharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Kiattisak Chukua
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Christopher Lai
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore;
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mentese A, Dogramaci S, Demir S, Yaman SO, Ince I, Altay DU, Erdem M, Turan I, Alver A. The effect of homocysteine on the expression of CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα in adipose tissue of normal and obese mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:437-444. [PMID: 31373231 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1648517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene and protein expression in adipose tissue obtained from normal and high-calorie diet obesity models. CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue specimens were determined using the RT-PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Significantly increased CD36 gene expression was observed in adipose tissue from obese mice, while Hcy significantly reduced CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue from normal and obese mice. PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression levels decreased significantly in all groups compared to the normal group. In addition, levels of both PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression were lower with Hcy supplementation compared to their own controls. In conclusion, Hcy's reduction of CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue may be one probable factor in hyperhomocysteinemia representing an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seniz Dogramaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serap Ozer Yaman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Imran Ince
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Diler Us Altay
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Ulubey Vocational School, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Giroud M, Jodeleit H, Prentice KJ, Bartelt A. Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease. J Physiol 2021; 600:1189-1208. [PMID: 34555180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical disorder caused by multiple mechanisms of dysregulated energy balance. A major consequence of obesity is an increased risk to develop diabetes, diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. While a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is needed, translational research of the human pathology is hampered by the available cellular and rodent model systems. Major barriers are the species-specific differences in energy balance, vascular biology and adipose tissue physiology, especially related to white and brown adipocytes, and adipose tissue browning. In rodents, non-shivering thermogenesis is responsible for a large part of energy expenditure, but humans possess much less thermogenic fat, which means temperature is an important variable in translational research. Mouse models with predisposition to dyslipidaemia housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet more closely reflect human physiology. Also, adipocytes play a key role in the endocrine regulation of cardiovascular function. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, lipid mediators and other metabolites that directly influence the local microenvironment as well as distant tissues. This is specifically apparent in perivascular depots, where adipocytes modulate vascular function and inflammation. Altogether, these mechanisms highlight the critical role of adipocytes in the development of cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shu W, Chen M, Xie Z, Huang L, Huang B, Liu P. Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:707-720. [PMID: 34525871 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1974848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, available research on the relationship between muscle distribution and respiratory function in healthy people is limited. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between muscle distribution and lung function in healthy young adults. METHODS A total of 612 male and 1561 Female Chinese college students were recruited. visceral fat tissue (VAT), subcutaneous fat tissue (SAT), total body muscle mass (TMM), trunk muscle mass (TKMM), upper limb muscle mass (ULMM) and lower limb muscle mass (LLMM) was measured by body composition. Vital capacity (VC) was measured by spirometry instrument. Obesity classification was defined by muscle mass ratio (MMR), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS Among these positive correlation parameters, male VC had a high positive correlation with TMM and LLMM, while female VC had a high positive correlation with TMM and TKMM. After the population was divided into MMR, BMI, BFP, and WHR, further analysis showed that VC was positively correlated with TMM for males with MMR-low muscle (r = 0.483; p < 0.05), BMI-underweight (r = 0.265; p < 0.05), BMI-overweight + obesity (r = 0.272; p < 0.05), BFP-low fat (r = 0.306; p < 0.05), and WHR-normal subgroups (r = 0.316; p < 0.05), while LLMM was positively correlated with VC in the MMR-normal muscle (r = 0.285; p < 0.05), BMI-normal (r = 0.305; p < 0.05), BFP-normal fat (r = 0.304; p < 0.05), and WHR obesity subgroups (r = 0.266; p < 0.05). VC was positively correlated with TMM for females with MMR-low muscle (r = 0.169; p < 0.05), MMR-normal muscle (r = 0.241; p < 0.05), BMI-underweight (r = 0.241; p < 0.05), BMI-normal (r = 0.288; p < 0.05), WHR normal (r = 0.275; p < 0.05), and BFP-low fat subgroups (r = 0.255; p < 0.05), while TKMM was positively correlated with VC in the BMI-overweight + obesity (r = 0.342; p < 0.05), WHR-obesity (r = 0.227; p < 0.05), and BFP-normal subgroups (r = 0.256; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle distribution in young adults is highly correlated with VC, and this relationship is affected by gender and body types. In general, for thin, VC is more positively correlated with TMM, and for normal weight or obese, VC is more positively correlated with LLMM for males but with TKMM for females, respectively, in comparison with other tested indices. Further studies will be required to evaluate the relationship between muscle distribution and vital capacity in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shu
- Medical Department, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengchi Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengyi Xie
- Medical Department, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liqian Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|