1
|
He P, Zhong S, Lin S, Xia Z, Wang L, Han Y, Xu D, Hu S, Li X, Li P, Wang C. FGF9 is required for Purkinje cell development and function in the cerebellum. iScience 2024; 27:109039. [PMID: 38352230 PMCID: PMC10863307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been reported that deletion of FGF9 leads to defects in cerebellum development, including Purkinje cell defect. However, it is not clear how FGF9 regulating cerebellar development remains to be determined. Our results showed that in addition to disrupt Bergmann fiber scaffold formation and granule neuron migration, deletion of neuronal FGF9 led to ataxia defects. It affected development and function of Purkinje cells, and also changed the action potential threshold and excitation frequency. Mechanistically, depletion of FGF9 significantly changed neurotransmitter contents in Purkinje cells and led to preferential increase in inflammation, even downregulation in ERK signaling. Together, the data demonstrate that neuronal FGF9 is required for the development and function of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Insufficient FGF9 during cerebellum development will cause ataxia defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaijun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhe Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
YAMATE J. Stem cell pathology: histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrotic lesions. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:895-906. [PMID: 37460298 PMCID: PMC10539815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of "stem cell pathology" is to establish the role of the stem cells by exploring their contribution to lesion development. The somatic stem cells are present in the body. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH; recently named "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma") includes pluripotential undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as a cell element. An antibody (A3) generated by using rat MFH cells as the antigen labels somatic stem cells such as bone marrow stem cells and immature endothelial cells and pericytes, as well as immature epithelial cells in epithelialization. By using A3 and other antibodies recognizing somatic stem cells, it is considered that myofibroblasts appearing in rat fibrotic lesions are developed partly from immature hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis, immature pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis, pericytes/endothelial cells in neovascularization in injured tissues, as well as via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These progenitors may be in the stem cell lineage. In this review, the author introduces the histogenesis of MFH and the characteristics of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrosis, based mainly on the author's studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji YAMATE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rengifo AC, Rivera J, Álvarez-Díaz DA, Naizaque J, Santamaria G, Corchuelo S, Gómez CY, Torres-Fernández O. Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1632. [PMID: 37631975 PMCID: PMC10458311 DOI: 10.3390/v15081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) disease continues to be a threat to public health, and it is estimated that millions of people have been infected and that there have been more cases of serious complications than those already reported. Despite many studies on the pathogenesis of ZIKV, several of the genes involved in the malformations associated with viral infection are still unknown. In this work, the morphological and molecular changes in the cortex and cerebellum of mice infected with ZIKV were evaluated. Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with ZIKV intraperitoneally, and the respective controls were inoculated with a solution devoid of the virus. At day 10 postinoculation, the mice were euthanized to measure the expression of the markers involved in cortical and cerebellar neurodevelopment. The infected mice presented morphological changes accompanied by calcifications, as well as a decrease in most of the markers evaluated in the cortex and cerebellum. The modifications found could be predictive of astrocytosis, dendritic pathology, alterations in the regulation systems of neuronal excitation and inhibition, and premature maturation, conditions previously described in other models of ZIKV infection and microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Jorge Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Diego Alejandro Álvarez-Díaz
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
- Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Julián Naizaque
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Gerardo Santamaria
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Sheryll Corchuelo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Claudia Yadira Gómez
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aweidah H, Matsevich C, Khaner H, Idelson M, Ejzenberg A, Reubinoff B, Banin E, Obolensky A. Survival of Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Following Subretinal Transplantation in Rodents. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023. [PMID: 37140896 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the survival of neural progenitors (NPs) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) following subretinal (SR) transplantation in rodents. Methods: hESCs engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were differentiated in vitro toward an NP fate using a 4-week protocol. State of differentiation was characterized by quantitative-PCR. NPs in suspension (75,000/μl) were transplanted to the SR-space of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats (n = 66), nude-RCS rats (n = 18), and NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice (n = 53). Success of engraftment was determined at 4 weeks post-transplant by in vivo visualization of GFP-expression using a properly filtered rodent fundus camera. Transplanted eyes were examined in vivo at set time points using the fundus camera, and in select cases, by optical coherence tomography imaging, and after enucleation, by retinal histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: In RCS rats, cell rejection was observed in 29% of eyes at 6 weeks, rising to 92% at 8 weeks. In the more immunodeficient nude-RCS rats, the rejection rate was still high reaching 62% of eyes at 6 weeks post-transplant. Following transplantation in highly immunodeficient NSG mice, survival of the hESC-derived NPs was much improved, with 100% survival at 9 weeks and 72% at 20 weeks. A small number of eyes that were followed past 20 weeks showed survival also at 22 weeks. Conclusions: Immune status of recipient animals influences transplant survival. Highly immunodeficient NSG mice provide a better model for studying long-term survival, differentiation, and possible integration of hESC-derived NPs. Clinical Trial Registration numbers: NCT02286089, NCT05626114.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Aweidah
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Matsevich
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanita Khaner
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Masha Idelson
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Ejzenberg
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Reubinoff
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182792. [PMID: 36139367 PMCID: PMC9496740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Li J, Gaurav C, Muhammad U, Chen Y, Li X, Chen J, Wang Z. CUMS and dexamethasone induce depression-like phenotypes in mice by differentially altering gut microbiota and triggering macroglia activation. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 34:e100529. [PMID: 34970638 PMCID: PMC8671983 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the link between gut microbiota and depression has been suggested, changes of gut microbiota vary largely among individuals with depression. Aims Explore the heterogeneity of microbiota–gut–brain axis and new pathogenic characteristics in murine models of depression. Methods Adolescent female mice were randomly divided into control (CON) group (n=10), chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS) group (n=15) and dexamethasone (DEX) group (n=15). Mice in the DEX group were gavaged twice a day with 0.2 mg/kg of DEX for 5 weeks, whereas CON mice were given the same amount of solvent. Mice in the CUMS group were exposed to stressors. After behavioural evaluations, all mice were sacrificed for harvesting tissues and blood samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted for measuring levels of corticosterone (CORT) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in sera, whereas levels of protein expression in colon and hippocampal tissues were examined by western blot. Faecal microbial communities were analysed by sequencing 16S rDNAs. Results Mice in CUMS and DEX groups exhibited severe depression-like behaviours. Compared with CON mice, CUMS-exposed mice showed a significant increase in both α and β diversity. Prevotellaceae and Desulfovibrio were enriched, whereas Bacilli were decreased in the faeces of mice in the CUMS group. DEX-treated mice had a decrease in the abundance of Clostridium XVIII. Levels of occludin in colon tissue of DEX-treated mice were reduced. Relative to mice in the CON and CUMS groups, DEX-treated mice contained higher serum levels of CORT and IL-1β. Compared with CON mice, mice in the DEX and CUMS groups had higher levels of IL-1β in sera and lower levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Nestin, Synapsin-1 and P2Y12 receptor in the hippocampus. Conclusions Changes of gut microbiota diversity, intestinal integrity and neuroinflammation in the brain contribute to CUMS-induced depression, whereas pathobionts and excessive immunosuppression with damaged neuronal synapses is a basis of the DEX-induced depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chhetri Gaurav
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Usman Muhammad
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, ShangHai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, ShangHai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plectin in the Central Nervous System and a Putative Role in Brain Astrocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092353. [PMID: 34572001 PMCID: PMC8464768 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectin, a high-molecular-mass cytolinker, is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, a limited amount of data about plectin in the CNS prevents us from seeing the complete picture of how plectin affects the functioning of the CNS as a whole. Yet, by analogy to its role in other tissues, it is anticipated that, in the CNS, plectin also functions as the key cytoskeleton interlinking molecule. Thus, it is likely involved in signalling processes, thereby affecting numerous fundamental functions in the brain and spinal cord. Versatile direct and indirect interactions of plectin with cytoskeletal filaments and enzymes in the cells of the CNS in normal physiological and in pathologic conditions remain to be fully addressed. Several pathologies of the CNS related to plectin have been discovered in patients with plectinopathies. However, in view of plectin as an integrator of a cohesive mesh of cellular proteins, it is important that the role of plectin is also considered in other CNS pathologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plectin in the CNS, focusing on plectin isoforms that have been detected in the CNS, along with its expression profile and distribution alongside diverse cytoskeleton filaments in CNS cell types. Considering that the bidirectional communication between neurons and glial cells, especially astrocytes, is crucial for proper functioning of the CNS, we place particular emphasis on the known roles of plectin in neurons, and we propose possible roles of plectin in astrocytes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Zhang Z, Fu S, Li X, Li X, Wang S, Yuan L. Overexpression of EphB4 promotes neurogenesis, but inhibits neuroinflammation in mice with acute ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:756. [PMID: 34476505 PMCID: PMC8436223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common diseases that has a high rate of mortality, and has become a burden to the healthcare system. Previous research has shown that EPH receptor B4 (EphB4) promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. However, little is known regarding its role in the neurogenesis of ischemic stroke in vivo. Thus, the present study aimed to verify whether EphB4 was a key regulator of neurogenesis in ischemic stroke in vivo. Cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by reperfusion. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the effect of EphB4 on the neurogenesis in cerebral cortex. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined using an ELISA kit. The expression levels of ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (ABL1)/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway-related proteins were detected via western blotting. The current findings indicated that EphB4 expression was significantly increased in the cerebral cortex of MCAO model mice in comparison with sham-operated mice. Moreover, EphB4 appeared to be expressed in neural stem cells (Nestin+), and persisted as these cells became neuronal progenitors (Sox2+), neuroblasts [doublecortin (DCX)+], and eventually mature neurons [neuronal nuclei (NeuN)+]. Overexpression of EphB4 elevated the number of proliferating (bromodeoxyuridine+, Ki67+) and differentiated cells (Nestin+, Sox2+, DCX+ and NeuN+), indicating the promoting effect of EphB4 on the neurogenesis of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, EphB4 overexpression alleviated the inflammation injury in MCAO model mice. The expression levels of proteins-related to the ABL1/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway were significantly increased by the overexpression of EphB4, which suggested that restoration of EphB4 promoted the activation of the ABL1/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study contributes to the current understanding of the mechanisms of EphB4 in exerting neurorestorative effects and may recommend a potential new strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| | - Zun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| | - Shaojing Fu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014016, P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| | - Lihe Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rahman N, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Characterization of Immature Myofibroblasts of Stellate Cell or Mesenchymal Cell Origin in D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:80-90. [PMID: 33054583 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820963097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity resemble those of human acute viral hepatitis. This study investigated hepatic mesenchymal cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats, injected with D-GalN (800 mg/kg body weight, once, intraperitoneally) were examined on post single injection (PSI) at 8 hours and days 1 to 5. Lesions consisting of hepatocyte necrosis and reparative fibrosis were present diffusely or focally within the hepatic lobules on PSI days 1 and 2, and then the injury recovered on PSI days 3 and 5. Myofibroblasts expressing vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were present in the lesions. Double immunofluorescence showed that myofibroblasts reacted simultaneously to vimentin/α-SMA, desmin/α-SMA, and desmin/vimentin; furthermore, myofibroblasts reacting to vimentin, desmin, and α-SMA also co-expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of HSCs. Additionally, GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts reacted to nestin and A3 (both are markers of immature mesenchymal cells). Cells reacting to Thy-1, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, also appeared in fibrotic lesions. In agreement with the myofibroblastic appearance, mRNAs of fibrosis-related factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-β, TNF-α, Timp2, and Mmp2) increased mainly on PSI days 1 and 2. Myofibroblasts with expression of various cytoskeletal proteins were present in diffuse or focal hepatic lesions, and they might be derived partly from immature HSCs and from immature mesenchymal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Izawa
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Songsaad A, Gonmanee T, Ruangsawasdi N, Phruksaniyom C, Thonabulsombat C. Potential of resveratrol in enrichment of neural progenitor-like cell induction of human stem cells from apical papilla. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:542. [PMID: 33317638 PMCID: PMC7737267 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell transplantation of exogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a promising approach for neurodegenerative disease. Human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs) are derived from migratory neural crest stem cells and exhibit a potential of neuronal differentiation. However, their neuronal differentiation is low and unpredictable. Resveratrol has been described as a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator which plays an important role in enhancing neuronal differentiation. In this study, we investigate the potential of resveratrol as an enhancer on neuronal differentiation through NPCs induction of hSCAPs. Methods Stem cells were isolated from human apical papilla and characterized as MSCs. The cellular toxicity of resveratrol treatment to the characterized hSCAPs was investigated by MTT assay. The non-cellular toxicity concentrations of resveratrol were assessed with various pre-treatment times to select the optimal condition that highly expressed the neural progenitor gene, NES. Consequently, the optimal condition of resveratrol pre-treatment was synergistically performed with a neuronal induction medium to trigger neuronal differentiation. The differentiated cells were visualized, the genes profiling was quantified, and the percentage of neuronal differentiation was calculated. Moreover, the intracellular calcium oscillation was demonstrated. Results The cellular toxicity of resveratrol was not observed for up to 50 μM for 12 h. Interestingly, hSCAPs pre-treated with 10 μM resveratrol for 12 h (RSV-hSCAPs) significantly expressed NES, which is determined as the optimal condition. Under neuronal induction, both of hSCAPs and RSV-hSCAPs were differentiated (d-hSCAPs and RSV-d-hSCAPs) as they exhibited neuronal-like appearances with Nissl substance staining. The highest expression of NES and SOX1 was observed in RSV-d-hSCAPs. Additionally, the percentage of neuronal differentiation of RSV-d-hSCAPs was significantly higher than d-hSCAPs for 4 times. Importantly, the neuronal-like cells exhibited slightly increasing pattern of calcium intensity. Conclusion This study demonstrated that pre-treatment of resveratrol strongly induces neural progenitor marker gene expression which synergistically enhances neural progenitor-like cells’ induction with neuronal induction medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Songsaad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 RAMA VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanasup Gonmanee
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chareerut Phruksaniyom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charoensri Thonabulsombat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 RAMA VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo M, Chen H, Duan W, Li Z, Li Y, Ma Y, Xu X, Yi L, Bi Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li C. FGF9 knockout in GABAergic neurons induces apoptosis and inflammation via the Fas/caspase-3 pathway in the cerebellum of mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 154:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Song J, Lee SS, Lim S, Yeo S. Mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of injecting brain cells on ST36 in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 717:134698. [PMID: 31857129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the dopaminergic neurons of the brain are destroyed. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that acts on the basal ganglia of the brain, allowing precise body movement. In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, levodopa appears to alleviate clinical symptoms; however, during long-term use, motor complications occur. There is no clear treatment or remedy for Parkinson's disease; therefore, the development of novel therapies is urgently required. In the present study, mouse choroid plexus cells were transplanted into ST36 in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease to determine whether the motor function could be restored. Pole tests showed changes in motor dysfunction in the mice. The athletic ability of the mice was significantly lowered after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection and significantly increased after choroidal neuron cell treatment. Injection of di-alkyl indocarbocyanine (DiI) (as a trace substance) confirmed that the choroid plexus cells injected into acupuncture point ST36 were transferred to the brain. In the Parkinson's disease model, choroid plexus cell injection into ST36 inhibited the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and decreased the activation of inflammatory factors mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COX2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Apoptosis factors Cytochrome C and BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) levels were decreased and B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) levels were increased. Taken together, these results suggest that the injection of choroid plexus cell at ST36 had neuroprotective effects in the Parkinson's disease mouse model. The results suggest new possibilities for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongbeom Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabina Lim
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujung Yeo
- College of Korean Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fukui M, Katayama S, Ikeya Y, Inazu T. Yokukansan, a Kampo medicine, enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02662. [PMID: 31692643 PMCID: PMC6806406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, affects neurological and psychiatric disorders. It ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis in animals. However, its effect on neuronal cell differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of YKS on pluripotent P19 embryonic carcinoma cells as neuronal differentiation model cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry revealed that 10 μg/mL YKS treatment during embryoid body formation or neuronal differentiation increased the expression of the neuronal stem cell marker, Nestin, by 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, and of the mature neuron marker, NeuN, by 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. We examined the effect of YKS on intracellular signaling pathways in P19 cells and found significant elevation in phospho-PDK1 and phospho-mTOR expression (1.1-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively). Therefore, we investigated the effect of PDK1 and mTOR inhibitors on the level of neuronal lineage markers. We found that the mTOR inhibitor significantly abolished the YKS effect on the level of neuronal lineage markers. Moreover, to identify the target(s) of YKS, antibody array analysis that simultaneously detects 16 phosphorylated proteins was performed. YKS significantly upregulated 10 phosphorylated proteins including PDK1, Akt, AMPK, PRAS40, mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, GSK-3α, Bad and ERK1/2 under cell proliferation conditions. These results suggest that YKS simultaneously activates multiple signaling pathways. Thus, we concluded that YKS enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 cells, however it does not induce neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, mTOR is the predominant mediator of the YKS effect on these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fukui
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Inazu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nakagomi T, Takagi T, Beppu M, Yoshimura S, Matsuyama T. Neural regeneration by regionally induced stem cells within post-stroke brains: Novel therapy perspectives for stroke patients. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:452-463. [PMID: 31523366 PMCID: PMC6716084 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a critical disease which causes serious neurological functional loss such as paresis. Hope for novel therapies is based on the increasing evidence of the presence of stem cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) and the development of stem-cell-based therapies for stroke patients. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represented initially a promising cell source, only a few transplanted MSCs were present near the injured areas of the CNS. Thus, regional stem cells that are present and/or induced in the CNS may be ideal when considering a treatment following ischemic stroke. In this context, we have recently showed that injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs) and injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within post-stroke human brains and post-stroke mouse brains. This indicates that iNSPCs/iSCs could be developed for clinical applications treating patients with stroke. The present study introduces the traits of mouse and human iNSPCs, with a focus on the future perspective for CNS regenerative therapies using novel iNSPCs/iSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mikiya Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zeng Q, Long Z, Feng M, Zhao Y, Luo S, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Valproic Acid Stimulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 30971911 PMCID: PMC6443965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and massive loss of neuronal cells in the brain. Adult hippocampus continuously generates new neurons throughout life to shape brain function and impaired neurogenesis may contribute to a series of cognitive deterioration associated with AD. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis represents a promising strategy that may ameliorate AD-associated cognitive defects. However, neurogenesis-enhancing approaches and underlying mechanisms are still not well studied. Here, using a mouse model of AD amyloid precursor protein (APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP triple transgenic mice, 3xTgAD), we examined the effects of 4 weeks of valproic acid (VPA) treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis in 2- and 6-month-old mice. VPA treatment promoted cell proliferation and increased the density of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. Consistent with enhanced neurogenesis, behavioral and morphological analysis showed that VPA treatment improved the learning and memory ability of 3xTgAD mice. Mechanistically, VPA treatment increased β-catenin levels, accumulated the inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and induced the expression of NeuroD1, a Wnt target gene involved in neurogenesis, suggesting the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. This study indicates that VPA stimulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus of AD mice model through the Wnt pathway, highlighting VPA as a potential therapeutic for treating AD and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dusart P, Fagerberg L, Perisic L, Civelek M, Struck E, Hedin U, Uhlén M, Trégouët DA, Renné T, Odeberg J, Butler LM. A systems-approach reveals human nestin is an endothelial-enriched, angiogenesis-independent intermediate filament protein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14668. [PMID: 30279450 PMCID: PMC6168570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein nestin is expressed during embryonic development, but considered largely restricted to areas of regeneration in the adult. Here, we perform a body-wide transcriptome and protein-profiling analysis to reveal that nestin is constitutively, and highly-selectively, expressed in adult human endothelial cells (EC), independent of proliferative status. Correspondingly, we demonstrate that it is not a marker for tumour EC in multiple malignancy types. Imaging of EC from different vascular beds reveals nestin subcellular distribution is shear-modulated. siRNA inhibition of nestin increases EC proliferation, and nestin expression is reduced in atherosclerotic plaque neovessels. eQTL analysis reveals an association between SNPs linked to cardiovascular disease and reduced aortic EC nestin mRNA expression. Our study challenges the dogma that nestin is a marker of proliferation, and provides insight into its regulation and function in EC. Furthermore, our systems-based approach can be applied to investigate body-wide expression profiles of any candidate protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eike Struck
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.,Coagulation Unit, Centre for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M Butler
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eladl MA, M Elsaed W, Atef H, El-Sherbiny M. Ultrastructural changes and nestin expression accompanying compensatory renal growth after unilateral nephrectomy in adult rats. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2017; 10:61-76. [PMID: 28260940 PMCID: PMC5328132 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several renal disorders affect the glomerular podocytes. Compensatory structural and functional changes have been observed in animals that have undergone unilateral renal ablation. These changes occur as a pliant response to quench the increased functional demand to maintain homeostasis of fluid and solutes. Nestin is an intermediate filament protein present in the glomerular podocytes of the adult kidney and is linked with the maintenance of its foot process structure. Structural changes in the podocytes ultimately restructure the filtration barrier. Very few studies related to the ultrastructural and histopathologic changes of the podocytes are documented. The present study aimed to assess the histopathologic changes at the ultrastructural level in the adapted kidney at different time intervals following unilateral renal ablation in adult rats and its relation with nestin. Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups (n=12 in each group). The animals of Group A were control naïve rats, while the group B, group C and group D animals underwent left unilateral nephrectomy and the remaining right kidney was removed on days 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Each group included four sham-operated rats, which were sacrificed at the same time as the naïve rats. Each nephrectomized sample was weighed and its sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin examination, transmission electron microscopic study as well as immunostaining using the intermediate filament protein nestin. Results No difference was found between the kidney sections from the control group and the sham-operated groups. A significant increase in the weight of the right kidneys was noted in groups B, C and D (P<0.001). The ultrastructural adaptive changes seen in the glomeruli of group B were subsequently reduced in groups C and D. This finding corresponded to a similar pattern of nestin expression in the podocytes, which showed significant increase in group B followed by reduced expression in groups C and D. Histopathologic and transmission electron microscopic evaluation of group B showed signs of kidney injury. On the other hand, group C animals showed markedly reduced renal adaptive changes and similar changes were also noted in group D. Conclusion Correlation between nestin expression and the ultrastructural changes confirms that nestin has a role in increasing the mechanical stability of the podocytes in order to enhance their morphologic changes in response to the tensile glomerular capillary wall. However, further studies investigating more remote ultrastructural changes and their relation with nestin expression are needed to confirm this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Endesfelder S, Makki H, von Haefen C, Spies CD, Bührer C, Sifringer M. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against hyperoxia-induced injury in the developing rat brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171498. [PMID: 28158247 PMCID: PMC5291450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective agonist of α2-receptors with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine have been reported in various brain injury models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on hippocampal neurogenesis, specifically the proliferation capacity and maturation of neurons and neuronal plasticity following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. Six-day old sex-matched Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen or room air for 24 h and treated with 1, 5 or 10 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine or normal saline. A single pretreatment with DEX attenuated the hyperoxia-induced injury in terms of neurogenesis and plasticity. In detail, both the proliferation capacity (PCNA+ cells) as well as the expression of neuronal markers (Nestin+, PSA-NCAM+, NeuN+ cells) and transcription factors (SOX2, Tbr1/2, Prox1) were significantly reduced under hyperoxia compared to control. Furthermore, regulators of neuronal plasticity (Nrp1, Nrg1, Syp, and Sema3a/f) were also drastically decreased. A single administration of dexmedetomidine prior to oxygen exposure resulted in a significant up-regulation of expression-profiles compared to hyperoxia. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine may have neuroprotective effects in an acute hyperoxic model of the neonatal rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanan Makki
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu JP, Mo WC, Liu Y, Bartlett PF, He RQ. Elimination of the geomagnetic field stimulates the proliferation of mouse neural progenitor and stem cells. Protein Cell 2016; 7:624-37. [PMID: 27484904 PMCID: PMC5003790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout their lifespan. Elimination of the GMF, resulting in a hypogeomagnetic field (HMF), leads to central nervous system dysfunction and abnormal development in animals. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified so far. Here, we show that exposure to an HMF (<200 nT), produced by a magnetic field shielding chamber, promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) from C57BL/6 mice. Following seven-day HMF-exposure, the primary neurospheres (NSs) were significantly larger in size, and twice more NPCs/NSCs were harvested from neonatal NSs, when compared to the GMF controls. The self-renewal capacity and multipotency of the NSs were maintained, as HMF-exposed NSs were positive for NSC markers (Nestin and Sox2), and could differentiate into neurons and astrocyte/glial cells and be passaged continuously. In addition, adult mice exposed to the HMF for one month were observed to have a greater number of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone. These findings indicate that continuous HMF-exposure increases the proliferation of NPCs/NSCs, in vitro and in vivo. HMF-disturbed NPCs/NSCs production probably affects brain development and function, which provides a novel clue for elucidating the cellular mechanisms of the bio-HMF response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Chuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regulation of neural stem cells by choroid plexus cells population. Neurosci Lett 2016; 626:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Wang S, Li Z, Shen H, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, Ji J. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Study Reveals that Protein Kinase A Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Phosphorylation of Catenin Beta-1 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2090-101. [PMID: 27097102 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is central to the understanding of multiple cellular signaling pathways responsible for regulating the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we performed a large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of rat fetal NSCs using strong cation exchange chromatography prefractionation and citric acid-assisted two-step enrichment with TiO2 strategy followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. Totally we identified 32,546 phosphosites on 5,091 phosphoproteins, among which 23,945 were class I phosphosites, and quantified 16,000 sites during NSC differentiation. More than 65% of class I phosphosites were novel when compared with PhosphoSitePlus database. Quantification results showed that the early and late stage of NSC differentiation differ greatly. We mapped 69 changed phosphosites on 20 proteins involved in Wnt signaling pathway, including S552 on catenin beta-1 (Ctnnb1) and S9 on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β). Western blotting and real-time PCR results proved that Wnt signaling pathway plays critical roles in NSC fate determination. Furthermore, inhibition and activation of PKA dramatically affected the phosphorylation state of Ctnnb1 and Gsk3β, which regulates the differentiation of NSCs. Our data provides a valuable resource for studying the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2090-2101.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zheyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Molecular Biomarkers for Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:727542. [PMID: 26421301 PMCID: PMC4569757 DOI: 10.1155/2015/727542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The procedure of neurogenesis has made numerous achievements in the past decades, during which various molecular biomarkers have been emerging and have been broadly utilized for the investigation of embryonic and adult neural stem cell (NSC). Nevertheless, there is not a consistent and systematic illustration to depict the functional characteristics of the specific markers expressed in distinct cell types during the different stages of neurogenesis. Here we gathered and generalized a series of NSC biomarkers emerging during the procedures of embryonic and adult neural stem cell, which may be used to identify the subpopulation cells with distinguishing characters in different timeframes of neurogenesis. The identifications of cell patterns will provide applications to the detailed investigations of diverse developmental cell stages and the extents of cell differentiation, which will facilitate the tracing of cell time-course and fate determination of specific cell types and promote the further and literal discoveries of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Meanwhile, via the utilization of comprehensive applications under the aiding of the systematic knowledge framework, researchers may broaden their insights into the derivation and establishment of novel technologies to analyze the more detailed process of embryogenesis and adult neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
McCormick AM, Maddipatla MVSN, Shi S, Chamsaz EA, Yokoyama H, Joy A, Leipzig ND. Micropatterned coumarin polyester thin films direct neurite orientation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19655-19667. [PMID: 25347606 DOI: 10.1021/am5044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Guidance and migration of cells in the nervous system is imperative for proper development, maturation, and regeneration. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), it is challenging for axons to bridge critical-sized injury defects to achieve repair and the central nervous system (CNS) has a very limited ability to regenerate after injury because of its innate injury response. The photoreactivity of the coumarin polyester used in this study enables efficient micropatterning using a custom digital micromirror device (DMD) and has been previously shown to be biodegradable, making these thin films ideal for cell guidance substrates with potential for future in vivo applications. With DMD, we fabricated coumarin polyester thin films into 10×20 μm and 15×50 μm micropatterns with depths ranging from 15 to 20 nm to enhance nervous system cell alignment. Adult primary neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes were isolated from rat brain tissue and seeded onto the polymer surfaces. After 24 h, cell type and neurite alignment were analyzed using phase contrast and fluorescence imaging. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) in cell process distribution for both emergence angle (from the body of the cell) and orientation angle (at the tip of the growth cone) confirming alignment on patterned surfaces compared to control substrates (unpatterned polymer and glass surfaces). The expected frequency distribution for parallel alignment (≤15°) is 14% and the two micropatterned groups ranged from 42 to 49% alignment for emergence and orientation angle measurements, where the control groups range from 12 to 22% for parallel alignment. Despite depths being 15 to 20 nm, cell processes could sense these topographical changes and preferred to align to certain features of the micropatterns like the plateau/channel interface. As a result this initial study in utilizing these new DMD micropatterned coumarin polyester thin films has proven beneficial as an axon guidance platform for future nervous system regenerative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleesha M McCormick
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tennakoon AH, Izawa T, Wijesundera KK, Murakami H, Katou-Ichikawa C, Tanaka M, Golbar HM, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunohistochemical characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells in a rat liver cirrhosis model induced by repeated injections of thioacetamide (TAA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:53-63. [PMID: 25446803 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells, the principal fibrogenic cell type in the liver, are known to express the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, the exact role of GFAP-expressing cells in liver fibrosis remains to be elucidated. In this study, cellular properties of GFAP-expressing cells were investigated in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Six-week-old male F344 rats were injected intraperitoneally with thioacetamide (100 mg/kg BW, twice a week) and examined at post first injection weeks 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Appearance of GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts peaked at week 15, associated with fibrosis progression. The majority of GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts co-expressed vimentin, desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Some GFAP-positive myofibroblasts co-expressed nestin (neural stem cell marker), while a few co-expressed A3 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) and Thy-1 (immature mesenchymal cell marker). A few GFAP expressing cells underwent both mitosis and apoptosis. These results indicate that there is a dynamic participation of GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts in rat liver cirrhosis, and that they are mainly derived from hepatic stellate cells, and partly from cells in the stem cell lineage. These findings, which were shown for the first time in detail, would be useful to understand the role of GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts in the pathogenesis of chemically induced liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hemamali Tennakoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kavindra Kumara Wijesundera
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisa Katou-Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hossain M Golbar
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano 598-0012, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang X, Zhu F, Zhang X, Gao Z, Cao Y. Ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells following cerebral infarction in rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2698-704. [PMID: 25337116 PMCID: PMC4200738 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training on promotion of endogenous neural stem cells in the peripheral infarct zone and the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere of rats with cerebral infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Wistar rats. The rat forelimb on the unaffected side was either wrapped up with tape to force the use of the paretic forelimb in rats or not braked to allow bilateral forelimbs to participate in training. Daily training consisted of mesh drum training, balance beam training, and stick rolling training for a total of 40 minutes, once per day. Control rats received no training. At 14 days after functional training, rats receiving bilateral limb-training exhibited milder neurological impairment than that in the ipsilateral limb-training group or the control group. The number of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and nestin/microtubule-associated protein 2-positive cells in the peripheral infarct zone and in the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere was significantly higher in rats receiving bilateral limb-training than in rats receiving ipsilateral limb-training. These data suggest that bilateral limb-training can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the bilateral hemispheres after cerebral infarction and accelerate the recovery of neurologic function. In addition, bilateral limb-training produces better therapeutic effects than ipsilateral limb-training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Dandong, Dandong 118000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dudley E, Bond AE. Phosphoproteomic Techniques and Applications. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 95:25-69. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|