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Shrivastava AK, Thapa S, Shrestha L, Mehta RK, Gupta A, Koirala N. Phytochemical screening and the effect of
Trichosanthes dioica
in high‐fat diet induced atherosclerosis in Wistar rats. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samul Thapa
- Department of Pharmacy Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Nepal
| | - Laxmi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Nepal
| | - Roshan Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Nepal
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Era's Lucknow Medical College Era's University Lucknow India
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity Kathmandu Nepal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China
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Betulinic Acid Alleviates Spleen Oxidative Damage Induced by Acute Intraperitoneal Exposure to T-2 Toxin by Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020158. [PMID: 33499152 PMCID: PMC7912660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin, which is mainly produced by specific strains of Fusarium in nature, can induce immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, resulting in immune organ dysfunction and apoptosis. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoids from nature plants, has been demonstrated to possess immunomodulating and antioxidative bioactivities. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of BA on T-2 toxin-challenged spleen oxidative damage and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. We found that BA not only ameliorated the contents of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) but also restored the number of lymphocytes in T-2 toxin-induced mice. BA dose-dependently reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the spleen of T-2-toxin-exposed mice. Moreover, BA reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the spleen, improved the morphology of mitochondria and enriched the number of organelles in splenocytes, and dramatically attenuated T-2 toxin-triggered splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, administration of BA alleviated the protein phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK); decreased the protein expression of kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein1 (Keap1); and increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the spleen. These findings demonstrate that BA defends against spleen oxidative damage associated with T-2 toxin injection by decreasing ROS accumulation and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, as well as inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Gürünlüoğlu K, Gül M, Koçbıyık A, Koç A, Üremiş N, Gürünlüoğlu S, Bağ HG, Karaca Y, Taşçi A, Gül S, Üremiş MM, Durmuş K, Demircan M. Investigation of the cardiotoxic effects of parenteral nutrition in rabbits. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:465-474. [PMID: 31109733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used for the intravenous delivery of nutrients to patients who cannot take food orally. However, it is not clear whether PN also negatively impacts cardiac tissue. The present empirical study investigated the cardiac effects of PN in rabbits. METHODS The effects of PN were examined in three groups of rabbits: animals in the PN + fasting group (n = 14) had been fully fasted before receiving a full PN dose via an intravenous central catheter; the PN + oral feeding group (n = 14) received half of the daily calorie requirement as a half dose of PN via an intravenous central catheter; the third group consisted of controls (n = 14) with full enteral feeding and full enteral fluid intake with no PN and no central venous catheter. At the end of the 10-day study period, the rabbits were subjected to echocardiographic examination and euthanized. Blood and tissue samples were obtained from all groups. DNA was isolated from nucleated blood cells. Tissue samples were examined by both light and electron microscopy, relative telomere length was determined from DNA, and blood samples were analyzed biochemically. RESULTS At the end of the study, there were no statistically significant differences in weight change between the three groups. Echocardiography revealed minimally impaired diastolic function in the PN + fasting group compared to the other groups. Biochemical and histopathological analyses, relative telomere length determination, and electron micrographs showed significant cardiac damage in the PN + fasting group but not in the PN + oral feeding group or the control group. The blood biochemical analyses showed hyperglycemia and a low insulin level in the PN + fasting group but not in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS A combination of PN and fasting may damage the cardiac muscle cells of rabbits via a mechanism involving hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Additional enteral feeding may protect against the destructive effects of PN on cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Gürünlüoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya; Department of Histology and Embryolog, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Alper Koçbıyık
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Pathology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Koç
- Department of Medical Genetics, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Nuray Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Semra Gürünlüoğlu
- Malatya, Education and Research Hospital, Pathology Laboratory, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gözükara Bağ
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Yücel Karaca
- Department of Cardiology, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Aytaç Taşçi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Semir Gül
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Pathology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Kübra Durmuş
- Department of Medical Genetics, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Mehmet Demircan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya.
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Amran MHH, Zulfakar MH, Danik MF, Abdullah MSP, Shamsuddin AF. A new alternative for intravenous lipid emulsion 20% w/w from superolein oil and its effect on lipid and liver profiles in an animal model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:191-201. [PMID: 31020546 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) was first used to prevent essential fatty acids deficiency. IVLE with α-tocopherol was reported to provide protection against parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. This study aims to determine the optimal parameters and conditions in developing a physically stable IVLE from superolein palm oil (SoLE 20%) and its effect on lipid and liver profiles in an animal model. METHODS SoLE 20% was prepared using superolein oil and MCT oil (1:1), stabilized with egg lecithin and homogenized using a high pressure homogenizer. Mean droplet size was used as the response variable and was measured using laser diffraction and dynamic light scattering method. Physical stability at 4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C storage temperatures were determined based on particle size and distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, viscosity, vitamin E contents and pH. Sterility and pyrogenicity were also investigated. Rabbits were administered with 1.0 g/kg SoLE 20% for 5 h and repeated daily for 3 days to investigate its effect on blood lipid and liver enzymes profile. RESULTS SoLE 20% was succesfully prepared using the optimized parameters of 800 psi, 7 cycles and 1.2 g lecithin. The IVLE prepared had a particle size of 252.60 ± 4.88 nm and was physically stable for 4 weeks at different storage temperatures. SoLE 20% had a high content of natural vitamin E, remained sterile and pyrogen free. It was also safe for intravenous administration and did not alter the blood lipid (p > 0.05) and liver enzymes profiles (p > 0.05) of the rabbits. CONCLUSION The optimal parameters to develop a stable superolein based IVLE are 800 psi homogenization pressure, 7 homogenization cycles and using 1.2 g lecithin as the emulsifier. SoLE 20% is safe for intravenous administration and does not significantly alter lipid and liver enzymes profiles of the rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Haz Hairul Amran
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanif Zulfakar
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairuz Danik
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shakrie Palan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Pharmacy Service Division - Enforcement Pharmacy, Kelantan State Health Department, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine, No. 3, Jalan Greentown, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
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Wu Z, Gao T, Zhong R, Lin Z, Jiang C, Ouyang S, Zhao M, Che C, Zhang J, Yin Z. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of triterpenic acid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves in hyperlipidaemic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:712-721. [PMID: 28140736 PMCID: PMC6130609 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1267231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja (Juglandaceae) is an edible and medicinal plant; the leaves are used in Chinese folkloric medicine to treat dyslipidaemia and diabetes. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the antihyperlipidaemic potential of the triterpenic acid-enriched fraction (TAE) from C. paliurus and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hyperlipidaemic rats were induced by high fat diet for 6 weeks. After oral administration of TAE (200 and 400 mg/kg), the neutral fraction (150 and 300 mg/kg) and statin (4 mg/kg) to the hyperlipidaemic rats for 4 weeks, lipid profile and apolipoprotein (apoB48) level in plasma, and the expression levels of apoB48, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in intestine were examined. The main constituents in the TAE were identified by HPLC-MS. RESULTS TAE administration (400 mg/kg) decreased the levels of atherogenic lipids in serum and liver (p < 0.05) and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19.7%. Furthermore, TAE treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased plasma apoB48 level by 15.3 and 19.5%, downregulated intestinal apoB48 and MTP expression levels (p < 0.05), and inhibited TNF-α expression by 36.2 and 56.2% and the phosphorylation level of MAPK by 8.8 and 13.2%, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of pentacyclic- and tetracyclic-triterpene acids in TAE. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION These findings suggested that TAE possessed antihyperlipidaemic activity partially involved in the inhibitory effect on apoB48 overproduction, which may provide evidence about its potential role in ameliorating dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tianhong Gao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rongling Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Zi Lin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuntao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Singh R, Devi S, Gollen R. Role of free radical in atherosclerosis, diabetes and dyslipidaemia: larger-than-life. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:113-26. [PMID: 24845883 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, there have been numerous studies related to free radical chemistry. Free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are generated by the human body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. These free radicals are also the common by-products of many oxidative biochemical reactions in cells. When free radicals overwhelm the body's ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. They adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA, which trigger a number of human diseases. In a number of pathophysiological conditions, the delicate equilibrium between free radical production and antioxidant capability is distorted, leading to oxidative stress and increased tissue injury. ROS which are mainly produced by vascular cells are implicated as possible underlying pathogenic mechanisms in a progression of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and diabetes. This review summarizes the key roles played by free radicals in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Although not comprehensive, this review also provides a brief perspective on some of the current research being conducted in this area for a better understanding of the role free radicals play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India
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Delgado-Roche L, Hernández-Matos Y, Medina EA, Morejón DÁ, González MR, Martínez-Sánchez G. Ozone-Oxidative Preconditioning Prevents Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2014; 14:e342-e348. [PMID: 25097769 PMCID: PMC4117659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Induced dilated cardiomyopathy is the main limitation of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, which causes oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte death. As ozone therapy can activate the antioxidant systems, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ozone-oxidative preconditioning against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS The study was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed in the following treatment groups: Group 1 were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) of doxorubicin twice a week for 50 days; Group 2 were treated with 0.3 mg of ozone/oxygen mixture at 50 μg/mL of ozone per 6 mL of oxygen by rectal insufflation and then treated with doxorubicin; Group 3 were treated as Group 2 but only with the oxygen, and Group 4 were treated with oxygen first, and then with sodium chloride i.p. as the control group. RESULTS The results showed that ozone therapy preserved left ventricle morphology which was accompanied by a reduction of serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The cardioprotective effects of ozone-oxidative preconditioning were associated with a significant increase (P <0.05) of antioxidant enzymes activities and a reduction of lipid and protein oxidation (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Ozone-oxidative preconditioning prevents doxorubicin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy through an increase of antioxidant enzymes and a reduction of oxidised macromolecules. This establishes the background for future studies to determine if ozone therapy can be used as a complementary treatment for attenuating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livan Delgado-Roche
- Center of Studies for Research & Biological Evaluations, Pharmacy & Food Science College, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanet Hernández-Matos
- Center of Studies for Research & Biological Evaluations, Pharmacy & Food Science College, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - Emilio A. Medina
- Center of Studies for Research & Biological Evaluations, Pharmacy & Food Science College, University of Havana, Cuba
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Delgado-Roche L, Acosta E, Soto Y, Hernández-Matos Y, Olivera A, Fernández-Sánchez E, Vázquez AM. The treatment with an anti-glycosaminoglycan antibody reduces aortic oxidative stress in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:309-15. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.772995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tranfield EM, Walker DC. The ultrastructure of animal atherosclerosis: What has been done, and the electron microscopy advancements that could help scientists answer new biological questions. Micron 2013; 46:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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