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Abstract
Introduction: Postprandial hyperlipidemia is a common feature of the atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Quantification of this with oral fat tolerance tests is not used routinely in clinical practice and abnormal postprandial lipids are usually inferred from non-fasting plasma triglyceride levels. Identifying excessive postprandial hyperlipidemia may help to refine cardiovascular risk assessment but there are no treatments currently available which selectively target postprandial lipids and no large cardiovascular outcome trials using this as the entry criterion.Areas covered: In this review of relevant published material, we summarize the findings from the most important publications in this area.Expert opinion: Postprandial hyperlipidemia appears to contribute to the cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Non-fasting triglyceride levels provide a surrogate marker of postprandial hyperlipidemia but more specific markers such as apoB48 levels may prove to be more reliable. Omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates and ezetimibe can reduce postprandial lipids but may not correct them completely. Several novel treatments have been developed to target hypertriglyceridemia and some of these may be particularly effective in improving postprandial levels. Further clinical trials are needed to establish the role of postprandial lipids in assessment of cardiovascular risk and to identify the most effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Onoue T, Goto M, Wada E, Furukawa M, Okuji T, Okada N, Kobayashi T, Iwama S, Sugiyama M, Tsunekawa T, Takagi H, Hagiwara D, Ito Y, Morishita Y, Seino Y, Suga H, Banno R, Hamada Y, Ando M, Yamamori E, Arima H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin reduces fasting apolipoprotein B-48 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228004. [PMID: 31990936 PMCID: PMC6986701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia are diseases that collectively increase the risk of patients developing cardiovascular complications. Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol. This study aimed to conduct an investigation into the effects of anagliptin on serum lipid profiles. This multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), parallel group study was designed to evaluate the effects of anagliptin on serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and cholesterol fractions). The study involved 24 patients with type 2 diabetes at two participating hospitals for a period of 24 weeks. Patients were randomly assigned to the anagliptin (n = 12) or control (n = 12) groups. Patients in the anagliptin group were treated with 200 mg of the drug twice daily. Patients in the control group did not receive anagliptin, but continued with their previous treatment schedules. Lipid metabolism was examined under fasting conditions at baseline and 24 weeks. Patients treated with anagliptin for 24 weeks exhibited significantly reduced levels of serum apolipoprotein B-48, a marker for lipid transport from the intestine, compared with the control group patients (P < 0.05). After 24 weeks of treatment, serum adiponectin levels were significantly raised, whereas glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly lower compared with the baseline in the anagliptin group (P < 0.05), but not in the control group. This study showed that the DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin reduces fasting apolipoprotein B-48 levels, suggesting that this drug may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism possibly mediated by the inhibition of intestinal lipid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Onoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (TOn); (HA)
| | - Motomitsu Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Wada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Furukawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okuji
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamamori
- Kainan Hospital, Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (TOn); (HA)
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Staňková B, Macášek J, Zeman M, Vecka M, Tvrzická E, Jáchymová M, Slabý A, Žák A. Polymorphisms rs2167444 and rs508384 in the SCD1 Gene Are Linked with High ApoB-48 Levels and Adverse Profile of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019; 65:159-169. [PMID: 31903889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentration of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting lipogenic enzyme and a key regulator of fuel metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyse associations between clinical, biochemical, and genetic factors and different apoB-48 levels in subjects at increased cardiometabolic risk. We examined 220 subjects exhibiting at least one metabolic syndrome (MetS) component. In conjunction with basic clinical, anthropometric and laboratory measurements, we analysed various polymorphisms of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1). Subjects were divided into two groups according to the median apoB-48 level: (1) high apoB-48 (≥ 7.9 mg/l, N = 112) and (2) low apoB-48 (< 7.9 mg/l, N = 108). Neither group differed significantly in anthropometric measures. High plasma apoB-48 levels were associated with increased systolic blood pressure (+3 %; P < 0.05), MetS prevalence (59.8 vs. 32.4 %; P < 0.001), small-dense LDL frequency (46.4 vs. 20.4 %; P < 0.001), triglycerides (+97 %; P < 0.001), non-HDLcholesterol (+27 %; P < 0.001), and lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (-11 %; P < 0.01). This group was further characterized by a higher HOMA-IR index (+54 %; P < 0.001) and increased concentrations of conjugated dienes (+11 %; P < 0.001) and oxidatively modified LDL (+ 38 %; P < 0.05). Lower frequencies of SCD1 minor genotypes (rs2167444, rs508384, P < 0.05) were observed in subjects with elevated plasma concentrations of apoB-48. Elevated plasma concentrations of apoB-48 are associated with an adverse lipid profile, higher systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Lower proportions of minor SCD1 genotypes (rs2167444, rs508384) implicate the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of elevated levels of apoB-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Staňková
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Macášek
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Zeman
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Tvrzická
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Jáchymová
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Slabý
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
This study aimed to explore the feasible effect of ezetimibe for postprandial hyperlipidemia (PPHP).Sixty participants were included in this study. Of these, 30 subjects in the intervention group received ezetimibe, while the remaining 30 participants in the control group did not undergo ezetimibe. All patients in intervention group were treated for a total of 2 weeks. Primary endpoints consisted of serum levels of total cholesterol (Total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). Secondary endpoints included apoB-48, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP). All outcomes were measured before and after 2-week treatment.After 2-week treatment, participants in the intervention group did not show better outcomes in primary endpoints of Total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG; and secondary endpoints of apoB-48, RLP-C, blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and MCP, compared with subjects in the control group.The results of this study showed that ezetimibe may be not efficacious for participants with PPHP after 2-week treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yan’an, Yan’an, China
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Wu Z, Gao T, Zhong R, Lin Z, Jiang C, Ouyang S, Zhao M, Che C, Zhang J, Yin Z. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of triterpenic acid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves in hyperlipidaemic rats. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:712-721. [PMID: 28140736 PMCID: PMC6130609 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1267231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja (Juglandaceae) is an edible and medicinal plant; the leaves are used in Chinese folkloric medicine to treat dyslipidaemia and diabetes. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the antihyperlipidaemic potential of the triterpenic acid-enriched fraction (TAE) from C. paliurus and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hyperlipidaemic rats were induced by high fat diet for 6 weeks. After oral administration of TAE (200 and 400 mg/kg), the neutral fraction (150 and 300 mg/kg) and statin (4 mg/kg) to the hyperlipidaemic rats for 4 weeks, lipid profile and apolipoprotein (apoB48) level in plasma, and the expression levels of apoB48, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in intestine were examined. The main constituents in the TAE were identified by HPLC-MS. RESULTS TAE administration (400 mg/kg) decreased the levels of atherogenic lipids in serum and liver (p < 0.05) and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19.7%. Furthermore, TAE treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased plasma apoB48 level by 15.3 and 19.5%, downregulated intestinal apoB48 and MTP expression levels (p < 0.05), and inhibited TNF-α expression by 36.2 and 56.2% and the phosphorylation level of MAPK by 8.8 and 13.2%, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of pentacyclic- and tetracyclic-triterpene acids in TAE. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION These findings suggested that TAE possessed antihyperlipidaemic activity partially involved in the inhibitory effect on apoB48 overproduction, which may provide evidence about its potential role in ameliorating dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tianhong Gao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rongling Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Zi Lin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuntao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Smolders L, Mensink RP, Plat J. An acute intake of theobromine does not change postprandial lipid metabolism, whereas a high-fat meal lowers chylomicron particle number. Nutr Res 2017; 40:85-94. [PMID: 28438412 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial responses predict cardiovascular disease risk. However, only a few studies have compared acute postprandial effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF) meal with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF) meal. Furthermore, theobromine has favorably affected fasting lipids, but postprandial effects are unknown. Because both fat and theobromine have been reported to increase fasting apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentrations, the main hypothesis of this randomized, double-blind crossover study was that acute consumption of an HF meal and a theobromine meal increased postprandial apoA-I concentrations, when compared with an LF meal. Theobromine was added to the LF meal. Nine healthy men completed the study. After meal intake, blood was sampled frequently for 4hours. Postprandial apoA-I concentrations were comparable after intake of the 3 meals. Apolipoprotein B48 curves, however, were significantly lower and those of triacylglycerol were significantly higher after HF as compared with LF consumption. Postprandial free fatty acid concentrations decreased less, and glucose and insulin concentrations increased less after HF meal consumption. Except for an increase in the incremental area under the curve for insulin, theobromine did not modify responses of the LF meal. These data show that acute HF and theobromine consumption does not change postprandial apoA-I concentrations. Furthermore, acute HF consumption had divergent effects on postprandial apolipoprotein B48 and triacylglycerol responses, suggesting the formation of less, but larger chylomicrons after HF intake. Finally, except for an increase in the incremental area under the curve for insulin, acute theobromine consumption did not modify the postprandial responses of the LF meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Smolders
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Chan DC, Pang J, Barrett PHR, Sullivan DR, Burnett JR, van Bockxmeer FM, Watts GF. ω-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Diminish Postprandial Lipemia in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3732-3739. [PMID: 27490922 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Impaired postprandial chylomicron metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and may increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (ω-3 FAEE) supplementation decreases plasma triglycerides. However, its effect on postprandial chylomicron metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effect of ω-3 FAEE supplementation on postprandial responses in plasma triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100, and apoB-48 in FH patients receiving standard cholesterol-lowering treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS We carried out an 8-week open-label, randomized, crossover intervention trial to test the effect of oral supplementation with 4 g/d ω-3 FAEE (46% eicosapentaenoic acid and 38% docosahexaenoic acid) on postprandial triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 responses in FH patients after ingestion of an oral fat load. OUTCOMES MEASURES Plasma total and incremental triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 0- to 10-hour area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS ω-3 FAEE supplementation significantly (P < .05 in all) reduced concentrations of fasting plasma triglyceride (-20%), apoB (-8%), VLDL-apoB-100 (-26%), and apoB-48 (-36%); as well as systolic blood pressure (-6%) and diastolic blood pressure (-6%). Postprandial triglyceride and VLDL-apoB-100 total AUCs (-19% and -26%, respectively; P < .01) and incremental AUCs (-18% and -35%, respectively; P < .05), as well as postprandial apoB-48 total AUC (-30%; P < .02) were significantly reduced by ω-3 FAEE supplementation. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ω-3 FAEEs improves postprandial lipemia in FH patients receiving standard care; this may have implications for further reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in this high-risk patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Jing Pang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - P Hugh R Barrett
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - David R Sullivan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - John R Burnett
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Frank M van Bockxmeer
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
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Wilke MS, Maximova K, Henderson M, Levy E, Paradis G, O'Loughlin J, Tremblay A, Proctor SD. Adiposity in Children and CVD Risk: ApoB48 Has a Stronger Association With Central Fat Than Classic Lipid Markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2915-22. [PMID: 27163356 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Atherosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood and while progression is multifactorial, obesity in early life is an important risk factor for its development. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fasting apoB48 remnant lipoproteins (relative to classic lipid markers), is elevated with increasing central adiposity over time in a cohort of Canadian children with a family history of obesity. DESIGN Data were drawn from the ongoing prospective cohort of 630 Caucasian families in Québec, Canada, recruited to assess determinants and effects of childhood obesity (Québec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth [QUALITY]cohort). PARTICIPANTS Children who attended baseline and first followup clinic visits (n =570; age 9.6 y). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Trunk fat mass was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Central fat mass index was calculated as CFMI = trunk fat mass/height(2) (kg/m(2)) and groups created (CFMI <1.5; 1.5-3.0; ≥3.0 kg/m(2)) to suggest lower, moderate, or higher central adiposity. Changes over time in outcomes (apoB48, triglyceride and total, low-, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were compared using paired t test and multiple regression that adjusted for age, sex, and Tanner stage. RESULTS Classic lipid markers (total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) improved at followup, whereas apoB48 became worse (increased). ApoB48 increased with increasing central adiposity, highest (37%) in children who transitioned from lower- to moderate-CFMI groups (ΔapoB48 = 1.5 μg/mL). For every 1 kg/m(2) increase in central adiposity over the 2-y period, an increase in apoB48 was 14-fold greater among children with lower baseline CFMI, compared with higher CFMI. CONCLUSIONS Increased fasting concentrations of apoB48 may be representative of changes in adiposity at lower levels of central fat (early periods of risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaelann S Wilke
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Katerina Maximova
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Emile Levy
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (M.S.W., S.D.P.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; School of Public Health (K.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2P5; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (M.H., E.L.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T-1C4; Department of Pediatrics (M.H.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A-3J1; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (G.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A-1A2; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (G.P., J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2P-1E2; Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.O.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X-0A9; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (J.O.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C-3J7; Division of Kinesiology (A.T.), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K-7P4
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9
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Park CY, Park JY, Choi J, Kim DJ, Park KS, Yoon KH, Lee MK, Park SW. Increased postprandial apolipoprotein B-48 level after a test meal in diabetic patients: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Metabolism 2016; 65:843-51. [PMID: 27173463 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-48 concentrations among Korean diabetic subjects with normal to moderately high levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). METHODS This multicenter, cross-sectional study included subjects with LDL-C levels between 100 and 160mg/dL who had not been treated with a lipid-lowering agent for over 6weeks prior to baseline. Blood tests to assess lipid-profile parameters were conducted in both fasting and postprandial states. This study compared ApoB-48 and other lipid-profile parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. RESULTS Of the 93 subjects enrolled, 88 (42 diabetic; 46 nondiabetic) completed the study. Significantly higher mean incremental area under curve (0-6h; iAUC0-6h) of postprandial ApoB-48 levels was noted among diabetic subjects than nondiabetic subjects (p=0.0078). The mean postprandial ApoB-48 peak level was higher in diabetic subjects; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The fasting ApoB-48 level was similar in both groups: 5.9 (3.5) in diabetics and 7.3 (5.8) in nondiabetics (p=0.18). The iAUC0-6h of postprandial total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), ApoB-100, and remnant cholesterol was similar in both groups. The ApoB-48 level was moderately correlated with TG and non-HDL-C for both groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Without lipid-lowering treatment, the postprandial increment in ApoB-48 level was significantly higher in Korean diabetic subjects compared with nondiabetic subjects, irrespective of similar LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongwon Choi
- Cardiovascular Medical Advisor, Global Medical Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp Korea, Seoul City Credit Building. 163, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea; Current affiliation: Clinical Study Unit, R&D, Sanofi, 235, Banpo-daero, Seacho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Carnevale R, Loffredo L, Del Ben M, Angelico F, Nocella C, Petruccioli A, Bartimoccia S, Monticolo R, Cava E, Violi F. Extra virgin olive oil improves post-prandial glycemic and lipid profile in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:782-787. [PMID: 27289163 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) improves post-prandial glycaemia in healthy subjects but it has never been investigated if this can be detected in pre-diabetic patients. We investigated if EVOO affects post-prandial glucose and lipid profile in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS Thirty IFG patients were randomly allocated to a meal containing or not 10 g of EVOO in a cross-over design. Before, 60 min and 120 min after lunch a blood sample was taken to measure glucose, insulin, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and Apo B-48. RESULTS The meal containing EVOO was associated with a reduction of glucose (p = 0.009) and DPP4 activity (p < 0.001) and a significant increase of insulin (p < 0.001) and GLP-1 (p < 0.001) compared with the meal without EVOO. Furthermore, the meal containing EVOO showed a significant decrease of triglycerides (p = 0.002) and Apo B-48 (p = 0.002) compared with the meal without EVOO. Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels did not significantly change between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that in IFG patients EVOO improves post-prandial glucose and lipid profile with a mechanism probably related to incretin up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Andreina Petruccioli
- AFC Patrimonio Servizi e forniture UO ristorazioni, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Monticolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edda Cava
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Pang J, Chan DC, Hamilton SJ, Tenneti VS, Watts GF, Barrett PHR. Effect of niacin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-48 kinetics in statin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:384-91. [PMID: 26679079 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of extended-release (ER) niacin on apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) kinetics in statin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS A total of 12 men with T2DM were randomized to rosuvastatin or rosuvastatin plus ER niacin for 12 weeks and then crossed to the alternate therapy. Postprandial metabolic studies were performed at the end of each treatment period. D3-leucine tracer was administered as subjects consumed a high-fat liquid meal. ApoB-48 kinetics were determined using stable isotope tracer kinetics with fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) and secretion rates derived using a non-steady-state compartmental model. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC) for plasma triglyceride and apoB-48 were also calculated over the 10-h period after ingestion of the fat meal. RESULTS In statin-treated patients with T2DM, apoB-48 concentration was lower with ER niacin (8.24 ± 1.98 vs 5.48 ± 1.14 mg/l, p = 0.03) compared with statin alone. Postprandial triglyceride and apoB-48 AUC were also significantly lower on ER niacin treatment (-15 and -26%, respectively; p < 0.05), without any change to triglyceride and apoB-48 iAUC. ApoB-48 secretion rate in the basal state (3.21 ± 0.34 vs 2.50 ± 0.31 mg/kg/day; p = 0.04) and number of apoB-48-containing particles secreted in response to the fat load (1.35 ± 0.19 vs 0.84 ± 0.12 mg/kg; p = 0.02) were lower on ER niacin. ApoB-48 FCR was not altered with ER niacin (8.78 ± 1.04 vs 9.17 ± 1.26 pools/day; p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS ER niacin reduces apoB-48 concentration by lowering fasting and postprandial apoB-48 secretion rate. This effect may be beneficial for lowering atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins and may provide cardiovascular disease risk benefit in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pang
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D C Chan
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S J Hamilton
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia
| | - V S Tenneti
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G F Watts
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P H R Barrett
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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McGowan A, Widdowson WM, O'Regan A, Young IS, Boran G, McEneny J, Gibney J. Postprandial Studies Uncover Differing Effects on HDL Particles of Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2016; 26:356-64. [PMID: 26800752 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overt hypothyroidism (OH) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction under fasting conditions. The balance of evidence suggests similar but less marked abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). There are few data regarding the metabolic and vascular effects of OH or SCH under postprandial conditions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a teaching hospital. Subjects with OH (n = 21), SCH (n = 28), and controls (n = 44) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were studied under fasting and postprandial conditions. Postprandial lipid metabolism with particular emphasis on intestinally derived lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol (HDL), and endothelial function were compared in subjects with OH and SCH who were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), a measure of intestinally derived lipoprotein, was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid ultracentrifugation. Functional aspects of HDL were determined by monitoring the activities of cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT). Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring serum-amyloid-A (SAA) levels. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to hyperemia of the forearm. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in LDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentration. Peak Apo B48 levels were greater in OH (p < 0.001) and SCH (p < 0.05) compared with control subjects. HDL area under the curve (AUC) was lower postprandially in SCH (p < 0.001) but not OH compared with control subjects. HDL2- and HDL3-associated CETP AUC was lower only in OH (p < 0.005) compared with controls. FMD was reduced in OH (p < 0.05) compared with SCH and controls postprandially. CONCLUSION Postprandial lipoprotein and vascular abnormalities differ between OH and SCH. Although both are characterized by increased intestinally derived lipoprotein particles, HDL is reduced only in SCH. Maintained HDL in OH probably reflects reduced CETP activity, which was not observed in SCH. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction is abnormal only in OH, and this effect does not appear to reflect increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne McGowan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anna O'Regan
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Boran
- 3 Department of Chemical Pathology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McEneny
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James Gibney
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Surowska A, De Giorgi S, Theytaz F, Campos V, Hodson L, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Laville M, Giusti V, Gabert L, Tappy L. Effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on postprandial fructose metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:589-96. [PMID: 26916239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fructose is partly metabolized in small bowel enterocytes, where it can be converted into glucose or fatty acids. It was therefore hypothesized that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may significantly alter fructose metabolism. METHODS We performed a randomized clinical study in eight patients 12-17 months after RYGB and eight control (Ctrl) subjects. Each participant was studied after ingestion of a protein and lipid meal (PL) and after ingestion of a protein+lipid+fructose+glucose meal labeled with (13) C-fructose (PLFG). Postprandial blood glucose, fructose, lactate, apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, (13) C-palmitate concentrations in chylomicron-TG and VLDL-TG, fructose oxidation ((13) CO2 production), and gluconeogenesis from fructose (GNGf) were measured over 6 hours. RESULTS After ingestion of PLFG, postprandial plasma fructose, glucose, insulin, and lactate concentrations increased earlier and reached higher peak values in RYGB than in Ctrl. GNGf was 33% lower in RYGB than Ctrl (P = 0.041), while fructose oxidation was unchanged. Postprandial incremental areas under the curves for total TG and chylomicrons-TG were 72% and 91% lower in RYGB than Ctrl (P = 0.064 and P = 0.024, respectively). ApoB48 and (13) C-palmitate concentrations were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial fructose metabolism was not grossly altered, but postprandial lipid concentrations were markedly decreased in subjects having had RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surowska
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara De Giorgi
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Theytaz
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Campos
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valentine Rey
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Laville
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône Alpes, Centre Européen De Nutrition Pour La Santé, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Vittorio Giusti
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Gabert
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône Alpes, Centre Européen De Nutrition Pour La Santé, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Matikainen N, Björnson E, Söderlund S, Borén C, Eliasson B, Pietiläinen KH, Bogl LH, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Rivellese A, Riccardi G, Després JP, Alméras N, Holst JJ, Deacon CF, Borén J, Taskinen MR. Minor Contribution of Endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-2 to Postprandial Lipemia in Obese Men. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145890. [PMID: 26752550 PMCID: PMC4709062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Glucose and lipids stimulate the gut-hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) but the effect of these on human postprandial lipid metabolism is not fully clarified. Objective To explore the responses of GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP after a fat-rich meal compared to the same responses after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to investigate possible relationships between incretin response and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) response to a fat-rich meal. Design Glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP were measured after an OGTT and after a fat-rich meal in 65 healthy obese (BMI 26.5–40.2 kg/m2) male subjects. Triglycerides (TG), apoB48 and apoB100 in TG-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL1 and VLDL2) were measured after the fat-rich meal. Main Outcome Measures Postprandial responses (area under the curve, AUC) for glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP in plasma, and TG, apoB48 and apoB100 in plasma and TG-rich lipoproteins. Results The GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP responses after the fat-rich meal and after the OGTT correlated strongly (r = 0.73, p<0.0001; r = 0.46, p<0.001 and r = 0.69, p<0.001, respectively). Glucose and insulin AUCs were lower, but the AUCs for GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP were significantly higher after the fat-rich meal than after the OGTT. The peak value for all hormones appeared at 120 minutes after the fat-rich meal, compared to 30 minutes after the OGTT. After the fat-rich meal, the AUCs for GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP correlated significantly with plasma TG- and apoB48 AUCs but the contribution was very modest. Conclusions In obese males, GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP responses to a fat-rich meal are greater than following an OGTT. However, the most important explanatory variable for postprandial TG excursion was fasting triglycerides. The contribution of endogenous GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP to explaining the variance in postprandial TG excursion was minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Matikainen
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christofer Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Eliasson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonie H. Bogl
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolyn F. Deacon
- NNF Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Hogue JC, Couture P. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Has No Effect on Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Kinetics in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2909210. [PMID: 27034958 PMCID: PMC4789436 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2909210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed to modulate plasma lipids, lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory state and to reduce triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation at 3 g/d for 8 weeks on the intravascular kinetics of intestinally derived apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing lipoproteins in 10 men with type 2 diabetes. In vivo kinetics of the TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 were assessed using a primed-constant infusion of L-[5,5,5-D3] leucine for 12 hours in a fed state. Compared with the placebo, n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced fasting TG concentrations by -9.7% (P = 0.05) but also significantly increased plasma levels of cholesterol (C) (+6.0%, P = 0.05), LDL-C (+12.2%, P = 0.04), and HDL-C (+8.4, P = 0.007). n-3 PUFA supplementation had no significant impact on postprandial TRL apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 levels or on the production or catabolic rates of these lipoproteins. These data indicate that 8-week supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in men with type 2 diabetes has no beneficial effect on TRL apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 levels or kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J. Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Charles Hogue
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- CHUQ Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
- *Patrick Couture:
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16
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Hooper AJ, Heeks L, Robertson K, Champain D, Hua J, Song S, Parhofer KG, Barrett PHR, van Bockxmeer FM, Burnett JR. Lipoprotein Metabolism in APOB L343V Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1484-90. [PMID: 26323024 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is a codominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by decreased plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the effect of heterozygous APOB L343V FHBL on postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and fasting lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Plasma incremental area under the curve apoB-48 and apoB-48 kinetics were determined after ingestion of a standardized oral fat load using compartmental modeling. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)-, and LDL-apoB kinetics were determined in the fasting state using stable isotope methods and compartmental modeling. RESULTS The postprandial incremental area under the curve (0-10 h) in FHBL subjects (n = 3) was lower for large TRL-triglyceride (-77%; P < .0001), small TRL-cholesterol (-83%; P < .001), small TRL-triglyceride (-88%; P < .001), and for plasma triglyceride (-70%; P < .01) and apoB (-63%; P < .0001) compared with controls. Compartmental analysis showed that apoB-48 production was lower (-91%; P < .05) compared with controls. VLDL-apoB concentrations in FHBL subjects (n = 2) were lower by more than 75% compared with healthy, normolipidemic control subjects (P < .01). The VLDL-apoB fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was more than 5-fold higher in the FHBL subjects (P = .07). ApoB production rates and IDL- and LDL-apoB FCRs were not different between FHBL subjects and controls. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that when compared to controls, APOB L343V FHBL heterozygotes show lower TRL production with normal postprandial TRL particle clearance. In contrast, VLDL-apoB production was normal, whereas the FCR was higher in heterozygotes compared with lean control subjects. These mechanisms account for the marked hypolipidemic state observed in these FHBL subjects.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Apolipoprotein B-48/blood
- Apolipoprotein B-48/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins B/blood
- Apolipoproteins B/genetics
- Apolipoproteins B/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B/blood
- Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B/genetics
- Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B/metabolism
- Lipoproteins/blood
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, IDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, IDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/metabolism
- Male
- Meals
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Mutation
- Postprandial Period
- Triglycerides/blood
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Liesl Heeks
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ken Robertson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Danie Champain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jianmin Hua
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Swithin Song
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Klaus G Parhofer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - P Hugh R Barrett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Frank M van Bockxmeer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - John R Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.J.H., L.H., K.R., F.M.v.B., J.R.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., D.C., P.H.R.B., J.R.B.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H., K.R.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Radiology (J.H., S.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA 6000, Australia; Medical Department II (K.G.P.), Grosshadern, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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17
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Yao X, Lin Z, Jiang C, Gao M, Wang Q, Yao N, Ma Y, Li Y, Fang S, Shang X, Ni Y, Zhang J, Yin Z. Cyclocarya paliurus prevents high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:677-686. [PMID: 26203820 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (CP; qing qian liu), which is used as an herbal tea in China, has been confirmed to have therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and obesity, and therefore it is widely consumed to prevent metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of CP on obesity and hyperlipidemia, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B48. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and with or without various concentrations of an ethanol extract of CP (CPE; 2, 4, or 8 g·(kg body mass)(-1)) administered by gavage for 8 weeks. From the results we see that CPE dose-dependently blocked increases in body mass, and decreased food utilization as well as visceral fat mass. Decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver were also noticed in CPE-treated rats. Magnetic resonance images indicated that the abnormal fat storage induced by the HFD was obviously suppressed by CPE. In addition, ELISA analysis showed reduced fasting serum apoB48 in the CPE treatment groups. Based on the above results, CPE shows a promising preventive effect on obesity and hyperlipidemia, partially through suppressing intestinal apoB48 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yao
- a Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Zi Lin
- b Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- b Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yonglan Ma
- b Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- d College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xulan Shang
- d College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- e Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- b Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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18
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Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Kelly I, Charest A, Lépine MC, Droit A, Couture P. Effect of sitagliptin therapy on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1223-9. [PMID: 25059982 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of sitagliptin therapy on the kinetics of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, VLDL apoB-100, apoE and apoC-III in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this double-blind crossover study, during which the subjects received sitagliptin (100 mg/day) or placebo for a 6-week period each. At the end of each phase of treatment, the in vivo kinetics of the different apolipoproteins were assessed using a primed-constant infusion of l-[5,5,5-D3]leucine for 12 h, with the participants in a constantly fed state. RESULTS Sitagliptin therapy significantly reduced fasting plasma triglyceride (-15.4%, p = 0.03), apoB-48 (-16.3%, p = 0.03) and free fatty acid concentrations (-9.5%, p = 0.04), as well as plasma HbA1c (placebo: 7.0% ± 0.8 vs. sitagliptin: 6.6% ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) and plasma glucose levels (-13.5%, p = 0.001), without any significant effect on insulin levels. Kinetic results showed that treatment with sitagliptin significantly reduced the pool size of TRL apoB-48 by -20.8% (p = 0.03), paralleled by a reduction in the production rate of these particles (-16.0%, p = 0.03). The VLDL apoB-100 pool size was also significantly decreased by sitagliptin therapy (-9.3%, p = 0.03), mainly because of a reduction in the hepatic secretion of these lipoproteins, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (-9.2%, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with sitagliptin for 6 weeks reduced triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoprotein levels by reducing the synthesis of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Tremblay
- Lipid Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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19
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Jolivet G, Braud S, DaSilva B, Passet B, Harscoët E, Viglietta C, Gautier T, Lagrost L, Daniel-Carlier N, Houdebine LM, Harosh I. Induction of body weight loss through RNAi-knockdown of APOBEC1 gene expression in transgenic rabbits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106655. [PMID: 25216115 PMCID: PMC4162549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search of new strategies to fight against obesity, we targeted a gene pathway involved in energy uptake. We have thus investigated the APOB mRNA editing protein (APOBEC1) gene pathway that is involved in fat absorption in the intestine. The APOB gene encodes two proteins, APOB100 and APOB48, via the editing of a single nucleotide in the APOB mRNA by the APOBEC1 enzyme. The APOB48 protein is mandatory for the synthesis of chylomicrons by intestinal cells to transport dietary lipids and cholesterol. We produced transgenic rabbits expressing permanently and ubiquitously a small hairpin RNA targeting the rabbit APOBEC1 mRNA. These rabbits exhibited a moderately but significantly reduced level of APOBEC1 gene expression in the intestine, a reduced level of editing of the APOB mRNA, a reduced level of synthesis of chylomicrons after a food challenge, a reduced total mass of body lipids and finally presented a sustained lean phenotype without any obvious physiological disorder. Interestingly, no compensatory mechanism opposed to the phenotype. These lean transgenic rabbits were crossed with transgenic rabbits expressing in the intestine the human APOBEC1 gene. Double transgenic animals did not present any lean phenotype, thus proving that the intestinal expression of the human APOBEC1 transgene was able to counterbalance the reduction of the rabbit APOBEC1 gene expression. Thus, a moderate reduction of the APOBEC1 dependent editing induces a lean phenotype at least in the rabbit species. This suggests that the APOBEC1 gene might be a novel target for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jolivet
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- * E-mail: (GJ); (IH)
| | | | - Bruno DaSilva
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRA UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Erwana Harscoët
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Céline Viglietta
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Itzik Harosh
- ObeTherapy Biotechnology, Evry, France
- * E-mail: (GJ); (IH)
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20
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Padilla N, Maraninchi M, Béliard S, Berthet B, Nogueira JP, Wolff E, Nicolay A, Bégu A, Dubois N, Grangeot R, Mattei C, Vialettes B, Xiao C, Lewis GF, Valéro R. Effects of bariatric surgery on hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein particle metabolism in obese, nondiabetic humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2330-7. [PMID: 25104797 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dyslipidemia of obesity and other insulin-resistant states is characterized by the elevation of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) of both hepatic (apoB-100-containing very low-density lipoprotein) and intestinal (apoB-48-containing chylomicrons) origin. Bariatric surgery is a well-established and effective modality for the treatment of obesity and is associated with improvements in several metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, including a reduction in plasma triglycerides. Here, we have investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on TRL metabolism. APPROACH AND RESULTS Twenty-two nondiabetic, obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy (n=12) or gastric bypass (n=10) were studied. Each subject underwent 1 lipoprotein turnover study 1 month before surgery followed by a second study, 6 months after surgery, using established stable isotope enrichment methodology, in constant fed state. TRL-apoB-100 concentration was significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, explained by a decrease (P<0.05) in TRL-apoB-100 production rate and an increase (P<0.05) in TRL-apoB-100 fractional catabolic rate. TRL-apoB-48 concentration was also significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, explained by reduction in TRL-apoB-48 production rate (P<0.05). For gastric bypass, although TRL-apoB-100 concentration declined after surgery (P<0.01), without a significant decline in TRL-apoB-48, there was no significant change in either TRL-apoB-100 or TRL-apoB-48 production rate or fractional catabolic rate. The reduction in TRL-apoB-100 concentration was significantly associated with a reduction in plasma apoC-III in the pooled group of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS This is the first human lipoprotein kinetic study to explore the mechanism of improvement of TRL metabolism after bariatric surgery. These effects may contribute to the decrease of cardiovascular mortality after surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01277068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Padilla
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Sophie Béliard
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Bruno Berthet
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Juan-Patricio Nogueira
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Estelle Wolff
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Alain Nicolay
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Audrey Bégu
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Noémie Dubois
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Rachel Grangeot
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Catherine Mattei
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Bernard Vialettes
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Changting Xiao
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - Gary F Lewis
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.)
| | - René Valéro
- From the Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S1062, UMR_A1260, NORT, F-13385, Marseille, France (N.P., M.M., S.B., E.W., A.N., R.V.); Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology (S.B., A.B., N.D., R.G., C.M., B.V., R.V.) and Department of Visceral Surgery (B.B.), AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Medico Moving Center Institute, Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.); and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.F.L., C.X.).
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21
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Matikainen N, Adiels M, Söderlund S, Stennabb S, Ahola T, Hakkarainen A, Borén J, Taskinen MR. Hepatic lipogenesis and a marker of hepatic lipid oxidation, predict postprandial responses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1854-9. [PMID: 24890344 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms are still unclear. Here it was tested if hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and lipid oxidation influence the postprandial responses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in humans. METHODS The contribution of hepatic DNL to hepatic TRL production was analyzed in 67 men and women with a moderate range of BMI after a fat-rich meal. Also, lipase activities, liver fat, and 3-OH-butyrate were quantitated as an indicator of β-oxidation. Lipoproteins and metabolic markers were measured in fasting and postprandial blood samples. RESULTS Postprandial DNL correlates with postprandial TG and apolipoprotein (apo) C-III responses in plasma and with TG, apoB48 and apoB100 responses in TRLs and their larger remnant particles. Fasting and 8-h postprandial DNL was inversely related to 3-OH-butyrate but not to liver fat content. Fasting apoC-III and 3-OH-butyrate, but not liver fat, independently predicted fasting DNL. CONCLUSIONS The fasting and 8-h postprandial rate of DNL was inversely associated with the hepatic lipid oxidation in humans. DNL contributes significantly to the TG content in TRLs but not to the amount of liver fat, suggesting that an imbalance between DNL and fat oxidation contributes to postprandial atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Matikainen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki, Finland; Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipidemia is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism in humans. RECENT FINDINGS High dietary fish-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to LDL conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased liver fat, and plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, triglycerides, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Intake of saturated fatty acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia, which might be due to decreased triglyceride absorption. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty acids increased TRL catabolism. Ruminant trans-fatty acid decreased HDL cholesterol, but the mechanisms are unknown. A new role for APOE genotype in regulating lipid responses was also described. SUMMARY The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism have focused on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge provides insights into the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potential CVD risk. Further studies are required to better understand the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Ooi
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Mancera-Romero J, Sánchez-Chaparro MA, Rioja J, Ariza MJ, Olivecrona G, González-Santos P, Valdivielso P. Fasting apolipoprotein B48 is a marker for peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:383-9. [PMID: 23053881 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An earlier study showed that fasting and postprandial concentrations of apolipoprotein B48 were raised in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as compared with persons without DM2 or persons with DM2 but not PAD. The aim of this study was to confirm the association of PAD and B48 in a larger group of patients with DM2 and the relation of B48 with the preheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mass. We studied 456 patients with DM2. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9. Apolipoprotein B48 was quantified by ELISA. Apo B48 was significantly higher in the group with an ABI <0.9 than the groups with ABI of 0.9-1.3 and >1.3 (10.7 ± 6.28 vs. 9.24 ± 5.5 vs. 9.17 ± 8.8 mg/L, ANOVA test, p < 0.05). B48 was independently associated with an ABI <0.9 (OR 1.053; 95 % CI, 1.013-1.094; p < 0.05), together with smoking and duration of diabetes. The preheparin LPL mass was similar in the patients with and without PAD. In conclusion, we confirmed that fasting B48 is an independent marker of PAD in patients with DM2, unrelated to the preheparin LPL mass, statin therapy or glucose lowering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mancera-Romero
- Centro de Salud Ciudad Jardín, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Málaga, Spain
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24
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Thongtang N, Diffenderfer MR, Ooi EMM, Asztalos BF, Dolnikowski GG, Lamon-Fava S, Schaefer EJ. Linkage between C-reactive protein and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Metabolism 2013; 62:369-75. [PMID: 23018145 PMCID: PMC4315144 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Our goal was to study CRP metabolism, and to determine its relationship with lipoprotein metabolism using stable isotope methodology. MATERIAL/METHODS Eight subjects with combined hyperlipidemia underwent a 15-h primed-constant infusion with deuterated leucine. CRP was purified from the plasma density fraction greater than 1.21g/ml by affinity chromatography. Lipoprotein fractions were separated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Isotope enrichment was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS The subjects had mean LDL-C levels of 147.5mg/dl and mean CRP levels of 3.4mg/l. The mean CRP production rate (PR) was 0.050±0.012mg/kg/day and the mean CRP fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was 0.343±0.056 pools/day (residence time 2.92days). CRP pool size (PS) was significantly related to production (r=0.93; p<0.001), but not FCR. CRP PS was also related to body mass index (r=0.79; p=0.02). There was a significant association between CRP FCR and TRL apoB-100 FCR (r=0.74, p=0.04), as well as between CRP PS and TRL apoB-48 FCR (r=-0.90, p=0.002), indicating linkage between CRP and TRL metabolism. CONCLUSION The main determinant of plasma CRP levels was CRP production rate. Moreover a significant linkage between CRP metabolism and both TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48 catabolism was noted.
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Ito M, Kitanaka A, Arishima T, Kudo T, Nishihara E, Kubota S, Amino N, Hiraiwa T, Hanafusa T, Miyauchi A. Effect of L-thyroxine replacement on apolipoprotein B-48 in overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients. Endocr J 2013; 60:65-71. [PMID: 22986485 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) is a constituent of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants, and is thought to be one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effect of L-thyroxine (L-T(4)) replacement on serum ApoB-48 levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Eighteen patients with overt hypothyroidism (OH) and 18 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) participated in the study. The lipid profiles, including ApoB-48, were measured in patients with hypothyroidism before and 3 months after L-T(4) replacement. After L-T(4) replacement, the serum concentrations of all lipoproteins, exclusive of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), were significantly decreased in patients with OH. In patents with SH, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and ApoB-48 decreased significantly after L-T(4) replacement. The serum levels of triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-1), and Lp(a) did not change significantly. In all 36 patients, the reduction in the ApoB-48 levels correlated significantly with the reduction in TSH levels (r = 0.39, P<0.05). This study showed clearly that L-T(4) replacement might reduce serum levels of ApoB-48 in both OH and SH patients. Such altered serum levels of ApoB-48 in patients with OH and SH may be related to the disturbed metabolism of chylomicron remnants in patients with hypothyroidism.
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26
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Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:704. [PMID: 23006411 PMCID: PMC3487794 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that exercise training improves CVD risk factors. However, it is unclear whether health benefits are limited to aerobic training or if other exercise modalities such as resistance training or a combination are as effective or more effective in the overweight and obese. The aim of this study is to investigate whether 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training would induce and sustain improvements in cardiovascular risk profile, weight and fat loss in overweight and obese adults compared to no exercise. METHODS Twelve-week randomized parallel design examining the effects of different exercise regimes on fasting measures of lipids, glucose and insulin and changes in body weight, fat mass and dietary intake. Participants were randomized to either: Group 1 (Control, n = 16); Group 2 (Aerobic, n = 15); Group 3 (Resistance, n = 16); Group 4 (Combination, n = 17). Data was analysed using General Linear Model to assess the effects of the groups after adjusting for baseline values. Within-group data was analyzed with the paired t-test and between-group effects using post hoc comparisons. RESULTS Significant improvements in body weight (-1.6%, p = 0.044) for the Combination group compared to Control and Resistance groups and total body fat compared to Control (-4.4%, p = 0.003) and Resistance (-3%, p = 0.041). Significant improvements in body fat percentage (-2.6%, p = 0.008), abdominal fat percentage (-2.8%, p = 0.034) and cardio-respiratory fitness (13.3%, p = 0.006) were seen in the Combination group compared to Control. Levels of ApoB48 were 32% lower in the Resistance group compared to Control (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION A 12-week training program comprising of resistance or combination exercise, at moderate-intensity for 30 min, five days/week resulted in improvements in the cardiovascular risk profile in overweight and obese participants compared to no exercise. From our observations, combination exercise gave greater benefits for weight loss, fat loss and cardio-respiratory fitness than aerobic and resistance training modalities. Therefore, combination exercise training should be recommended for overweight and obese adults in National Physical Activity Guidelines.This clinical trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), registration number: ACTRN12609000684224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleen S Ho
- School of Public Health; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 6845
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 6845
| | - Andrew P Hills
- Mater Mother’s Hospital, Mater Medical Research Institute. Conjoint appointment with Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 6845
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27
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Matikainen N, Taskinen MR, Stennabb S, Lundbom N, Hakkarainen A, Vaaralahti K, Raivio T. Decrease in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 after an oral fat load is related to postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and liver fat. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:487-92. [PMID: 22190000 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are commonly encountered in type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which share exaggerated postprandial lipemia as a common proatherogenic feature. How FGF21 responds to an oral fat load in man is unknown. METHODS We measured liver fat contents and subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes in 47 healthy subjects, who also underwent an oral fat load with measurements of plasma FGF21 and free fatty acid (FFA). Triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48), and apoB-100 concentrations were measured in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions. RESULTS When compared with fasting levels, the concentration of FGF21 decreased significantly at 4 h (P < 0.05) and tended to return to fasting levels at 8 h after an oral fat load. Fasting and postprandial FGF21 correlated significantly with liver fat as well as with TRLs in the chylomicron and especially in very low-density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) and VLDL2 fractions representing remnant particles, but not with FFA. Subjects with increased liver fat (>5%, n = 12) showed impaired suppression of FGF21 at 4 h (P < 0.05) and at 8 h (P=0.01) and demonstrated higher postprandial TG area under the curve in plasma and TRL fractions (P ≤ 0.032) compared with those with normal liver fat (≤ 5%, n = 35). CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant decrease of FGF21 concentration after an oral fat load. Fasting and postprandial FGF21 levels were closely related to large VLDL and remnants, but not to plasma FFA. Our pilot findings suggest that the postprandial accumulation of TRL remnants and liver fat may modulate postprandial FGF21 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Matikainen
- Division of Cardiology Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, PO Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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Lassman ME, McLaughlin TM, Somers EP, Stefanni AC, Chen Z, Murphy BA, Bierilo KK, Flattery AM, Wong KK, Castro-Perez JM, Hubbard BK, Roddy TP. A rapid method for cross-species quantitation of apolipoproteins A1, B48 and B100 in plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:101-108. [PMID: 22173797 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) are the primary protein components of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, respectively, and plasma levels of these proteins are associated with risks of cardiovascular disease. Existing apoB100 quantitation methods for animal models have been limited to affinity capture techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot which require specialized reagents for each species and in many cases are not readily available. Here we demonstrate a single translatable ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) assay that is fast and robust and can be used to measure apolipoprotein concentrations in plasma for six species. When possible, peptide sequences that are conserved across species were identified for this assay. The sample preparation is limited and can be carried out in 96-well microtiter plates and thus allows for multiplexed preparation of samples for analysis of large numbers of samples in a short time frame when combined with UPLC/MS/MS. Separation and quantitation of the tryptic peptides is carried out at 700 μL/min using a 1.7 µm core shell C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm). The chromatography is designed for the analysis of over 100 samples per day, and the UPLC run is less than 10 min. This assay is capable of supporting cardiovascular research by providing a single assay to measure critical biomarkers across multiple species without the need for antibodies, and does so in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Lassman
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Guay V, Lamarche B, Charest A, Tremblay AJ, Couture P. Effect of short-term low- and high-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein particle size in normolipidemic subjects. Metabolism 2012; 61:76-83. [PMID: 21816443 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to raise plasma cholesterol levels, an effect associated with the formation of large low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. However, the impact of dietary intervention on time-course changes in LDL particle size has not been investigated. To test whether a short-term dietary intervention affects LDL particle size, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study using an intensive dietary modification in 12 nonobese healthy men with normal plasma lipid profile. Participants were subjected to 2 isocaloric 3-day diets: high-fat diet (37% energy from fat and 50% from carbohydrates) and low-fat diet (25% energy from fat and 62% from carbohydrates). Plasma lipid levels and LDL particle size were assessed on fasting blood samples after 3 days of feeding on each diet. The LDL particles were characterized by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared with the low-fat diet, plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly increased (4.45 vs 4.78 mmol/L, P = .04; 2.48 vs 2.90 mmol/L, P = .005; and 1.29 vs 1.41 mmol/L, P = .005, respectively) following the 3-day high-fat diet. Plasma triglycerides and fasting apolipoprotein B-48 levels were significantly decreased after the high-fat diet compared with the low-fat diet (1.48 vs 1.01 mmol/L, P = .0003 and 9.6 vs 5.5 mg/L, P = .008, respectively). The high-fat diet was also associated with a significant increase in LDL particle size (255.0 vs 255.9 Å;P = .01) and a significant decrease in the proportion of small LDL particle (<255.0 Å) (50.7% vs 44.6%, P = .01). As compared with a low-fat diet, the cholesterol-raising effect of a high-fat diet is associated with the formation of large LDL particles after only 3 days of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Guay
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Okubo M, Hanada H, Matsui M, Hidaka Y, Masuda D, Yamashita S. [Clinical significance of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) in chronic kidney disease patients]. Rinsho Byori 2010; 58:878-883. [PMID: 20963947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) is a constituent of chylomicrons and their remnants, and high levels of serum apoB-48 are thought to be one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. In the current study we examined whether serum apoB-48 level is associated with renal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were separated by eGFR into each stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serum apoB-48 levels were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), and serum lipid levels were compared between each stage of CKD. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were high at stage 4 and stage 5. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were not significantly different. Serum apoB-48 level was significantly higher at stage 4 (Median: 8.3 microg/ml) and stage 5 (9.7 microg/ml) than at stage 1(4.2 microg/ml). Serum apoB-48 levels (10.7 microg/ml) in patients undergoing hemodialysis were not significantly higher than CKD patient of nondialysis (6.9 microg/ml). CONCLUSION Serum apoB-48 level was strongly associated with renal dysfunction. Therefore, increased serum apoB-48 concentrations may contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in the CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Okubo
- Division of Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Qin B, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon extract regulates plasma levels of adipose-derived factors and expression of multiple genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue of fructose-fed rats. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:187-93. [PMID: 19937569 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported earlier that dietary cinnamon extract (CE) improves systemic insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia by enhancing insulin signaling. In the present study, we have examined the effects of CE on several biomarkers including plasma levels of adipose-derived adipokines, and the potential molecular mechanisms of CE in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). In Wistar rats fed a high-fructose diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance, supplementation with a CE (Cinnulin PF, 50 mg/kg daily) for 8 weeks reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, chylomicron-apoB48, VLDL-apoB100, and soluble CD36. CE also inhibited plasma retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels. CE-induced increases in plasma adiponectin were not significant. CE did not affect food intake, bodyweight, and EAT weight. In EAT, there were increases in the insulin receptor ( IR) and IR substrate 2 ( IRS2) mRNA, but CE-induced increases in mRNA expression of IRS1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, AKT1, glucose transporters 1 and 4 , and glycogen synthase 1 expression and decreased trends in mRNA expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta were not statistically significant. CE also enhanced the mRNA levels of ADIPOQ, and inhibited sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA levels. mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase and FABP4 were inhibited by CE and RBP4, and CD36 protein levels were also decreased by CE. These results suggest that CE effectively ameliorates circulating levels of adipokines partially mediated via regulation of the expression of multiple genes involved in insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in the EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Qin
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Tushuizen ME, Pouwels PJ, Bontemps S, Rustemeijer C, Matikainen N, Heine RJ, Taskinen MR, Diamant M. Postprandial lipid and apolipoprotein responses following three consecutive meals associate with liver fat content in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:308-14. [PMID: 20227695 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fat is associated with dyslipidemia following a fat load. Previous studies demonstrated that alimentary fat is temporarily retained within enterocytes and mobilized by subsequently ingested nutrients. As this potentially contributes to cumulative postprandial hyperlipidemia, we assessed postprandial lipoprotein changes and their association with liver fat following 3 consecutive meals during a 24 h period in males with type 2 diabetes, and men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Plasma lipids were measured in 14 type 2 diabetic, 14 MetS and 14 healthy age-matched males, following a standardized breakfast (t=0 h), lunch (t=4 h) and diner (t=8 h). Blood samples were collected before and at t=2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h following breakfast. Liver fat was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic (mean age 55 (4.2) years; HbA1c 7.2 (1.1)%) and MetS men had similar BMI, waist, blood pressure and triglycerides. 24 h-AUC triglycerides, ApoB, and cholesterol-rich-remnants, but not ApoB-48, differed significantly among groups (calculated by ANOVA, all P<0.05). Liver fat was independently associated with 24 h-AUC triglycerides, ApoB and cholesterol-rich-remnants (r=0.57, P<0.001, r=0.38, P=0.017; r=0.48, P=0.002, respectively), but not with 24 h-AUC ApoB-48 (r=0.22, P=0.18). CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetes and the MetS exposure to 3 consecutive meals produced exaggerated 24 h triglyceride, ApoB and cholesterol-rich-remnant concentrations, which were closely associated with liver fat. Instead, ApoB-48 peak was delayed in type 2 diabetes, but not related to liver fat. In addition to liver fat, other mechanisms, including local intestinal processes, determine atherogenic postprandial lipoprotein changes following 3 consecutive meals during 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten E Tushuizen
- Department of Endocrinology/Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hassanali Z, Ametaj BN, Field CJ, Proctor SD, Vine DF. Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA reduces weight gain and improves postprandial lipaemia and the associated inflammatory response in the obese JCR:LA-cp rat. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:139-47. [PMID: 19917068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial dyslipidaemia occurs in obesity and insulin resistance (IR), and is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We have recently established that the JCR:LA-cp rodent model develops postprandial dyslipidaemia concomitant with complications of the metabolic syndrome. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are proposed to modulate plasma lipids, serum hormone levels, lipoprotein metabolism and the inflammatory state; however, results remain inconsistent during conditions of IR. AIM To assess the acute metabolic and inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on existing postprandial dyslipidaemia in the JCR:LA-cp model. METHODS JCR:LA-cp rats (14 weeks of age) were fed either a control, isocaloric, lipid balanced diet (15% w/w total fat, 1.0% cholesterol, P:S ratio 0.4), a lipid balanced diet with 5% n-3 PUFA [fish oil derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] or a lipid balanced diet with 10% n-3 PUFA for 3 weeks. Fasting plasma lipid, cytokine levels, postprandial chylomicron (apoB48) metabolism and the postprandial inflammatory response [haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)] were assessed following a standardized 'oral fat challenge'. RESULTS n-3 PUFA treatment resulted in a significant improvement (i.e. decrease) in the postprandial response for triglyceride (45%) (p < 0.05), apoB48 (45%) (p < 0.03) and LBP (33%) (p < 0.05) compared to controls (measured as area under the clearance curve). In contrast, we observed a significant elevation in postprandial haptoglobin (165%) (p < 0.001) in obese rats supplemented with 10% n-3 PUFA. Treatment with 5% n-3 PUFA in the JCR:LA-cp obese animals resulted in a complementary decrease in total body weight gain (6%) (p < 0.001) and an increase (i.e. improvement) in adiponectin (33%) (p < 0.05) compared to controls, without a concomitant reduction in food intake. CONCLUSION Acute dietary n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation can improve fasting as well as postprandial lipid metabolism and components of the associated inflammatory response in the JCR:LA-cp rat. Further, moderate dose n-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce corresponding body weight during conditions of hypercholesterolaemia and/or modulate inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hassanali
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
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Mugii S, Hanada H, Takeoka K, Hidaka Y, Masuda D, Ohama T, Toyama Y, Yamashita S. [Clinical significance of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) in patients with thyroid disease]. Rinsho Byori 2009; 57:1058-1063. [PMID: 20030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) is a constituent of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants, and its serum concentration is thought to be one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Clinically overt hypothyroidism (OH) has been associated with accelerated and premature coronary atherosclerosis. In the current study, we measured the serum apoB-48 concentration in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. We also evaluated the correlations between serum apoB-48 and thyroid hormones, from which a clinical significance of apoB-48 measurement in thyroid disease was deduced. Serum apoB-48 concentration was measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and it correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides(TG), but negatively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3). In a cross-sectional study, serum apoB-48 concentrations were significantly higher in OH subjects (8.4 +/- 5.4 microg/ml) compared to those in 70 hyperthyroid subjects (5.0 +/- 3.9 microg/ml) and 50 normal subjects (6.3 +/- 4.9 microg/ml). After L-T4 replacement, serum apoB-48 concentrations were decreased in OH patients. However, these changes were smaller compared to those of TSH, FT4 and FT3. Serum apoB-48 levels and thyroid hormones and lipid profiles were measured in 31 SH patients and 34 normal subjects. Significant difference was noted in serum apoB-48, TG and TSH between patients with SH and normal. In conclusion, serum apoB-48 concentration depends on thyroid status like TC, LDL-C and TG. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy may reduce serum apoB-48 concentrations in patients with OH. Therefore, increased serum apoB-48 concentrations may contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis and premature coronary artery disease in the hypothyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Mugii
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Otokozawa S, Ai M, Diffenderfer MR, Asztalos BF, Tanaka A, Lamon-Fava S, Schaefer EJ. Fasting and postprandial apolipoprotein B-48 levels in healthy, obese, and hyperlipidemic subjects. Metabolism 2009; 58:1536-42. [PMID: 19592048 PMCID: PMC4565183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 is the only specific marker of intestinal lipoproteins. We evaluated a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standardized with recombinant apo B-48 to measure apo B-48 in plasma and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs, density <1.006 g/mL). Coefficients of variation were less than 2.5%. Assay values correlated well (r = 0.82, P < .001) with values obtained by gel scanning of TRLs (n = 75 samples); however, the gel scanning method yielded values that were about 50% lower than ELISA values. About 60% to 70% of apo B-48 was found in TRLs. In 12 healthy subjects, median fasting plasma apo B-48 levels were 0.51 mg/dL and were increased by 121% to 147% in the fed state. In 63 obese subjects, median fasting apo B-48 values were 0.82 mg/dL; and feeding resulted in almost no change in total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or total apo B values, whereas triglyceride, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, and apo B-48 levels were significantly higher (P < .05; by +73%, +58%, and +106%), and direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and direct high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower (P < .001, by -13% and -20%) than fasting values. Relative to controls, 270 hyperlipidemic subjects had significantly higher (P < .001, +115%) fasting total apo B and higher apo B-48 values (P = .06, +37%). Our data indicate that the apo B-48 ELISA tested provides highly reproducible results and is excellent for research studies. Median apo B-48 values in healthy subjects are about 0.5 mg/dL and increase more than 100% in the fed state. Elevated levels are observed in obese and hyperlipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Otokozawa
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Masumi Ai
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Margaret R. Diffenderfer
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Bela F. Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Nutrition Clinic, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ernst J. Schaefer
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 556 3100; fax: +1 617 556 3103. (E.J. Schaefer)
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Tanimura K, Nakajima Y, Nagao M, Ishizaki A, Kano T, Harada T, Okajima F, Sudo M, Tamura H, Ishii S, Sugihara H, Yamashita S, Asai A, Oikawa S. Association of serum apolipoprotein B48 level with the presence of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 81:338-44. [PMID: 18632179 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The atherogenicity of chylomicron remnants has been discussed. We examined whether serum apoB48 level is associated with the presence of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetic patients. METHOD Forty type 2 diabetic patients (21 males and 19 females, 52.8+/-11.8 years old; mean+/-S.D.) were divided into two groups by the presence or absence of carotid plaque. The diurnal change of serum apoB48 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Fasting serum apoB48 level was higher in the subjects with carotid plaque than those without (6.5+/-3.8vs. 4.1+/-1.9 microg/ml, p=0.01). Age- and gender-adjusted analysis showed that the presence of carotid plaque was associated with fasting apoB48 (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.07-2.09, p=0.04) and triglyceride (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32, p=0.04) levels. In normal LDL-cholesterol (<140 mg/dl) subjects, the presence of carotid plaque was associated with fasting apoB48 level (OR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.22-5.32, p=0.04), but not associated with fasting triglyceride level (OR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.99-1.30, p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Serum apoB48 level was strongly associated with the presence of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tanimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Hogue JC, Lamarche B, Deshaies Y, Tremblay AJ, Bergeron J, Gagné C, Couture P. Differential effect of fenofibrate and atorvastatin on in vivo kinetics of apolipoproteins B-100 and B-48 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with marked hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism 2008; 57:246-54. [PMID: 18191056 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The specific impact of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and fibrates on the in vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B has not been systematically investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with high plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. Therefore, the objective of this 2-group parallel study was to examine the differential effects of a 6-week treatment with atorvastatin or fenofibrate on in vivo kinetics of apo B-48 and B-100 in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus with marked hypertriglyceridemia. Apolipoprotein B kinetics were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention using a primed constant infusion of [5,5,5-D(3)]-l-leucine for 12 hours in the fed state. Fenofibrate significantly decreased plasma TG levels with no significant change in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apo B levels. On the other hand, atorvastatin significantly reduced plasma levels of TG, LDL-C, and apo B. After treatment with fenofibrate, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apo B-100 pool size (PS) was decreased because of an increase in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL apo B-100. No significant change was observed in the kinetics of LDL apo B-100. Moreover, fenofibrate significantly decreased TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apo B-48 PS because of a significant increase in TRL apo B-48 FCR. After treatment with atorvastatin, VLDL and IDL apo B-100 PSs were significantly decreased because of significant elevations in the FCR of these subfractions. Low-density lipoprotein apo B-100 PS was significantly lowered because of a tendency toward decreased LDL apo B-100 production rate (PR). Finally, atorvastatin reduced TRL apo B-48 PS because of a significant decrease in the PR of this subfraction. These results indicate that fenofibrate increases TRL apo B-48 as well as VLDL apo B-100 clearance in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus with marked hypertriglyceridemia, whereas atorvastatin increases both VLDL and IDL apo B-100 clearance and decreases TRL apo B-48 and LDL apo B-100 PR.
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Abstract
Clinical studies in adults indicate there is a positive and significant association between insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, fasting intestinally derived lipoproteins [via apoB48 (apolipoprotein B48)] and visceral fat. All of these factors contribute to increased risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease). Since little is known about postprandial dyslipidaemia in overweight children, we sought to compare fasting levels of apoB48 with the HOMA-IR (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) score, classic lipid profile and VAT (visceral adipose tissue). Pre-pubertal, overweight boys and girls were recruited from the wider-Edmonton area (Alberta). Body composition was determined using both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Fasting apoB48 was quantified in plasma using an adapted SDS/PAGE immunoblotting technique, and insulin, glucose, TC (total cholesterol), TAG (triacylglycerol), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) were determined by calorimetric assay. In this overweight sample, we observed elevated fasting apoB48 concentrations, greater than the normal adult range. In addition, apoB48 was significantly related to HOMA-IR and TAG levels. Although apoB48 was positively correlated with TC and LDL and negatively associated with HDL, these relationships did not achieve significance. Our ongoing MRI analysis reveals a positive relationship between apoB48 and VAT volume. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report apoB48 concentrations in overweight pre-pubertal children. Thus this article will provide a brief rationale for our study and its methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M U Nzekwu
- Alberta Institute For Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lamon-Fava S, Diffenderfer MR, Barrett PHR, Buchsbaum A, Matthan NR, Lichtenstein AH, Dolnikowski GG, Horvath K, Asztalos BF, Zago V, Schaefer EJ. Effects of different doses of atorvastatin on human apolipoprotein B-100, B-48, and A-I metabolism. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1746-53. [PMID: 17526934 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700067-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study to test the effect of atorvastatin 20 mg/day and 80 mg/day on the kinetics of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL, of apoB-48 in TRL, and of apoA-I in HDL. Compared with placebo, atorvastatin 20 mg/day was associated with significant reductions in TRL, IDL, and LDL apoB-100 pool size as a result of significant increases in fractional catabolic rate (FCR) without changes in production rate (PR). Compared with the 20 mg/day dose, atorvastatin 80 mg/day caused a further significant reduction in the LDL apoB-100 pool size as a result of a further increase in FCR. ApoB-48 pool size was reduced significantly by both atorvastatin doses, and this reduction was associated with nonsignificant increases in FCR. The lathosterol-campesterol ratio was decreased by atorvastatin treatment, and changes in this ratio were inversely correlated with changes in TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48 PR. No significant effect on apoA-I kinetics was observed at either dose of atorvastatin. Our data indicate that atorvastatin reduces apoB-100- and apoB-48-containing lipoproteins by increasing their catabolism and has a dose-dependent effect on LDL apoB-100 kinetics. Atorvastatin-mediated changes in cholesterol homeostasis may contribute to apoB PR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kobayashi J, Nakajima K, Nohara A, Kawashiri M, Yagi K, Inazu A, Koizumi J, Yamagishi M, Mabuchi H. The relationship of serum lipoprotein lipase mass with fasting serum apolipoprotein B-48 and remnant-like particle triglycerides in type 2 diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39:612-6. [PMID: 17712727 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-984473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no previous reports showing specifically the relation between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 or remnant metabolism. In this study, we have clarified the relationships of LPL mass in pre-heparin with serum apo B-48 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, triglycerides (TG), and remnant-like particle triglycerides (RLP-TG). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-nine type 2 diabetic subjects [age, 55+/-13; body mass index (BMI), 25+/-5.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 7.39+/-2.22 mmol/l, HbA1c, 6.5+/-1.3%, total cholesterol (TC), 5.36+/-1.09 mmol/l, TG, 2.32+/-2.53 mmol/l; HDL-C, 1.22+/-0.44 mmol/l; serum LPL mass, 45+/-22 ng/ml; apo B-48, 6.6+/-6.3 microg/ml] were recruited in this study. Fasting serum apo B-48 were measured by ELISA using anti-human apo B-48 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and LPL mass by ELISA using anti-bovine milk LPL MoAb. RLP-TG levels were measured using monoclonal antibodies to apo B-100 and apo A-1. RESULTS There was no relationship of LPL mass to age, BMI, FPG, and HbA1c. Serum LPL mass was correlated inversely with TG (r=-0.529 p<0.0001) and positively with HDL-C (r=0.576, p<0.0001). Also, LPL mass showed inverse correlations with apo B-48 (r=-0.383 p<0.0001) and RLP-TG (r=-0.422 p<0.0001, n=51). Multiple regression analysis with TG, apo B-48, or RLP-TG as dependent variables, and age, gender, BMI, plasma glucose, and LPL mass as independent variables showed that LPL mass was associated independently with TG, apo B-48, or RLP-TG. CONCLUSION The decrease in LPL protein mass could cause an increase in serum apo B-48 and RLP-TG levels, which is related to the retardation of remnant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kobayashi
- Department of Lipidology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, and Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan.
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Matikainen N, Mänttäri S, Westerbacka J, Vehkavaara S, Lundbom N, Yki-Järvinen H, Taskinen MR. Postprandial lipemia associates with liver fat content. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3052-9. [PMID: 17488790 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Postprandial lipemia and low adiponectin represent novel risk factors for vascular disease. This study aimed to determine whether liver fat content and adiponectin are predictors of postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL). PATIENTS/INTERVENTIONS Twenty-nine men were allocated into subgroups with either low (< or =5%) or high (>5%) liver fat measured with magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy. Subjects underwent an oral fat tolerance test with measurements of postprandial TG, cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48), and apoB-100 in TRL fractions, a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, and determination of abdominal fat volumes by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Subjects with high liver fat displayed increased response of postprandial lipids in plasma, chylomicron, and very-low-density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) (Svedberg flotation rate 60-400) fractions. Liver fat correlated positively with postprandial responses (area under the curve) of TG (r = 0.597; P = 0.001), cholesterol (r = 0.546; P = 0.002), apoB-48 (r = 0.556; P = 0.002), and apoB-100 (r = 0.42; P = 0.023) in the VLDL1 fraction. Respective incremental areas under the curve correlated significantly with liver fat. Fasting adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with both postprandial lipids and liver fat content. Liver fat remained the only independent correlate in a multiple linear regression analysis for chylomicron and VLDL1 responses. CONCLUSIONS Liver fat content is a close correlate of postprandial lipids predicting the responses of TRL in chylomicrons and VLDL1 better than measures of glucose metabolism or body adiposity. Low adiponectin concentration is closely linked to high liver fat content and impaired TRL metabolism. High liver fat content associated with postprandial lipemia represents potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Matikainen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Sato I, Fujioka Y, Hayashi F, Mukai M, Kawano S, Ishikawa Y, Yamashita S, Kumagai S. [Fundamental evaluation of apolipoprotein B-48 by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay--identification of apolipoprotein B-48 with immunoblotting]. Rinsho Byori 2007; 55:528-34. [PMID: 17657985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein B-48 (apo B-48) is a constituent of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants, and its fasting concentration has been reported to be a marker of postprandial hyperlipidemia, which is thought to be a risk factor of atherosclerosis. AIM We evaluated the serum apo B-48 concentrations by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), which was recently introduced as Lumipulse f fully automated immunosaasy analyzer by Fujirebio Inc (Tokyo, Japan), and performed immunoblotting on agarose gel electrophoresis with anti-apo B-48 antibody. RESULTS Apo B-48 assay was intra-assay reproducible (CVs: 1.9-3.1%) and inter-assay reproducible (CVs: 2.2-4.4%). The assay range for apo B-48 was from 0.2 to 40.0 microg/ml. The effects of interfering substances such as free/conjugated birirubin, hemoglobin, Intrafat, ascorbic acid and rheumatoid factor were negligible. For storage, it was preferable to freeze, and to avoid frozen-thaw process as much as possible. Anti-apo B-48 antibody was reactive over a wide range from origin to the position of very-low-density lipoproteins in immunoblotting after agarose gel electrophoresis. CONCLUSION Apo B-48 measurement by CLEIA was feasible to clinical use for the assessment of lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe
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Hayashi T, Hirano T, Taira T, Tokuno A, Mori Y, Koba S, Adachi M. Remarkable increase of apolipoprotein B48 level in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis 2007; 197:154-8. [PMID: 17462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) B48 is a structural protein of chylomicrons. Fasting serum levels of apoB48 suggest the presence of small number of remnant chylomicron particles which are thought to be an atherogenic lipoprotein. In view of the high incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with diabetic nephropathy, we decided to measure the plasma apoB48 level in type 2 diabetics with diabetic nephropathy at various stages to ascertain how apoB48 relates to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=105) were stratified into four groups: normo-albuminuria, micro-albuminuria, overt-proteinuria, and patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis. Age-matched-diabetic hypertensive patients (n=24) and non-diabetic ESRD patients on hemodialysis (n=47) were also enrolled. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels rose as diabetic nephropathy progressed to overt-proteinuria. No further elevation in TG was observed in diabetic ESRD, however, and the TG levels were normal in non-diabetic ESRD. A similar pattern was observed for remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C). In contrast to the changes observed for TG and RLP-C, the levels of apoB48 increased steadily as the diabetic nephropathy progressed (control, 3.7; normo, 5.7; micro, 6.9; overt, 10.6 mg/l, respectively). ApoB48 peaked in the diabetic ESRD (19 mg/l) and was also markedly elevated in non-diabetic ESRD (10.1mg/l). The apoB48/TG and apoB48/total-apoB ratios were substantially elevated in both diabetic and non-diabetic ESRD. These results are the first to demonstrate remarkable elevations of plasma apoB48 in patients with both diabetic and non-diabetic ESRD. The remarkably high level of apoB48 in diabetic ESRD seems to be attributable to dyslipidemia induced by both diabetic nephropathy and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hayashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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Hooper AJ, Robertson K, Barrett PHR, Parhofer KG, van Bockxmeer FM, Burnett JR. Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1474-8. [PMID: 17213276 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is an autosomal codominantly inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by decreased plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B. We examined the effect of truncated apoB variants (<apoB-48) causing FHBL on postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS A standardized oral fat load was given after a 12-h fast to six heterozygous [apoB-6.9 (n=3), apoB-25.8 (n=1), apoB-40.3 (n=2)] FHBL subjects and 10 normolipidemic controls. Plasma was obtained every 2 h for 10 h. Large TRLs [containing chylomicrons (CM)] and small TRLs (containing CM remnants) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Compared with controls, FHBL subjects had significantly decreased fasting plasma cholesterol (2.3+/-0.5 vs. 4.8+/-0.5 mmol/liter), triglyceride (0.4+/-0.3 vs. 1.5+/-0.5 mmol/liter), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.6+/-0.4 vs. 3.0+/-0.5 mmol/liter), and apoB (0.22+/-0.05 vs. 0.95+/-0.14 g/liter) concentrations (all P<0.001). The postprandial incremental area under the curve in FHBL subjects was decreased for large TRL-triglyceride (-61%; P<0.005), small TRL-cholesterol (-86%; P<0.001), and small TRL-triglyceride (-86%; P<0.001) relative to controls. Multicompartmental modeling analysis showed that the delay time of apoB-48 was shorter and that apoB-48 production was decreased in FHBL subjects compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that heterozygous FHBL subjects with apoB truncations shorter than apoB-48, and therefore only a single fully-functional apoB-48 allele, have decreased TRL production but normal postprandial TRL particle clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, GPO Box X2213, Perth, and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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James AP, Slivkoff-Clark K, Mamo JCL. Prior exercise does not affect chylomicron particle number following a mixed meal of moderate fat content. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6:8. [PMID: 17394665 PMCID: PMC1851010 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A single session of exercise has been reported to reduce fasting and postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations on the subsequent day. It is possible that exercise also reduces chylomicron particle number, which may underlie the observed reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol concentration. In the present study we aimed to determine whether a single session of exercise reduces fasting and postprandial chylomicron particle number on the subsequent day. In a randomised crossover design eight lean and healthy male and female subjects attended two postprandial testing days. On the previous day the subjects either performed 90 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or did not perform any exercise. Fasting blood samples were then collected prior to ingestion of a moderate fat mixed meal (0.44 g fat, 0.94 g carbohydrate, 0.27 g protein/kg body weight), blood was then collected after 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. Results The fasting and postprandial apolipoprotein B48 concentration (marker of chylomicron particle number) was not affected by prior exercise. However exercise reduced fasting triacylglycerol concentration by 16% (P < 0.05) and there was a trend towards a reduction in the total area under the postprandial triacylglycerol curve (23%; P = 0.053). However when corrected for baseline concentration postprandial triacylglycerol concentration was not affected by prior exercise. Conclusion A single session of exercise of moderate intensity and 90 minutes duration reduces fasting triacylglycerol levels, however fasting and postprandial chylomicron particle number was unaffected. Furthermore it appears that previously observed reductions in postprandial triacylglycerol levels following exercise are only mediated following consumption of high, non-physiologically relevant doses of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P James
- School of Public Health, Australian Technology Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karin Slivkoff-Clark
- School of Public Health, Australian Technology Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John CL Mamo
- School of Public Health, Australian Technology Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
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Pérez-Martínez P, Pérez-Jiménez F, Ordovás JM, Moreno JA, Marín C, Moreno R, Jiménez-Gómez Y, Paniagua JA, López-Miranda J. Postprandial lipemia is modified by the presence of the APOB-516C/T polymorphism in a healthy Caucasian population. Lipids 2007; 42:143-50. [PMID: 17393220 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apoB) plays a fundamental role in the transport and metabolism of plasma triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cholesterol. Several apoB polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as markers for coronary heart disease in the population. In view of the importance of apoB in postprandial metabolism, our objective was to determine whether the presence of the -516C/T polymorphism in the APOB gene promoter could influence postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in healthy subjects. Forty-seven volunteers who were homozygous for the E3 allele at the APOE gene were selected (30 homozygous for the common genotype (C/C) and 17 heterozygotes for the -516T allele (C/T). They were given a fat-rich meal containing 1 g fat and 7 mg cholesterol per kg body weight and vitamin A 60,000 IU/m(2) body surface. Fat accounted for 60% of calories, and protein and carbohydrates for 15 and 25% of energy, respectively. Blood samples were taken at time 0, every 1 h until 6 h, and every 2.5 h until 11 h. Total cholesterol and TAGs in plasma, and cholesterol, TAGs and retinyl palmitate in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (large and small triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins) were determined by ultracentrifugation. Individuals carrying the C/T genotype presented greater postprandial concentrations of TAGs in small triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins than did carriers of the C/C genotype (P = 0.022). Moreover, C/T individuals presented higher concentrations of plasma TAGs during the postprandial period than did C/C subjects (P = 0.039). No other statistically significant genotype-related differences for other parameters were observed. These results suggest that the presence of the genotype C/T is associated with a higher postprandial response. Thus, the allele variability in the -516C/T polymorphism in the APOB gene promoter may partly explain the interindividual differences in postprandial lipemic response in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, Cordoba, Spain.
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Qin B, Qiu W, Avramoglu RK, Adeli K. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces intestinal insulin resistance and stimulates the overproduction of intestinal apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins. Diabetes 2007; 56:450-61. [PMID: 17259391 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting intestinal insulin resistance and overproduction of apolipoprotein (apo) B48-containing chylomicrons in insulin-resistant states. In the current study, we investigated the potential role of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the development of insulin resistance and aberrant lipoprotein metabolism in the small intestine in a Syrian golden hamster model. TNF-alpha infusion decreased whole-body insulin sensitivity, based on in vivo euglycemic clamp studies in chow-fed hamsters. Analysis of intestinal tissue in TNF-alpha-treated hamsters indicated impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor-beta, insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt, and Shc and increased phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-related kinase-1/2, and Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. TNF-alpha infusion also increased intestinal production of total apoB48, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB48, and serum triglyceride levels in both fasting and postprandial (fat load) states. The effects of TNF-alpha on plasma apoB48 levels could be blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Ex vivo experiments using freshly isolated enterocytes also showed TNF-alpha-induced p38 phosphorylation and intestinal apoB48 overproduction, effects that could be blocked by SB203580. Interestingly, TNF-alpha increased the mRNA and protein mass of intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein without altering apoB mRNA levels. Enterocytes were found to have detectable levels of both TNF-alpha receptor types (p55 and p75), and antibodies against either of the two TNF-alpha receptors partially blocked the stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha on apoB48 production and p38 phosphorylation. In summary, these data suggest that intestinal insulin resistance can be induced in hamsters by TNF-alpha infusion, and it is accompanied by intestinal overproduction of apoB48-containing lipoproteins. TNF-alpha-induced stimulation of intestinal lipoprotein production appears to be mediated via TNF-alpha receptors and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qin
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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48
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Vine DF, Takechi R, Russell JC, Proctor SD. Impaired postprandial apolipoprotein-B48 metabolism in the obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat: Increased atherogenicity for the metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2007; 190:282-90. [PMID: 16624317 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Postprandial lipaemia is a significant contributor to the development of dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease, which has more recently been shown as a potential risk factor for obesity and pre-diabetes. Clinically however, the diagnosis of early insulin-resistance remains confounded due to the fact that aberrations in lipid metabolism are not often readily identified using classic indicators of hypercholesterolemia (i.e. LDL). METHODS In this study, we assessed the metabolism of apolipoprotein-B48 (apoB48)-containing lipoproteins in an animal model of obesity and insulin-resistance, the JCR:LA-cp rat. The contribution of lipoproteins from the intestine was assessed by measuring plasma apoB48 concentration in the postprandial period following an oral fat load. Plasma apoB48 was measured by improved enhanced chemiluminescent detection and other biochemical parameters measured by established analysis. RESULTS Fasting concentrations of plasma apoB48, postprandial apoB48 area under the curve (AUC), as well as incremental-AUC (iAUC), were all significantly greater in the obese phenotype compared to lean controls. Fasting apoB48 correlated significantly with apoB48-iAUC, triglyceride (TG)-iAUC and insulin-iAUC. In addition, there was a highly significant association with fasting insulin and the postprandial ratio of TG:apoB48, a relationship not often detected in humans during insulin-resistance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that the JCR:LA-cp rat can be used as a model of postprandial lipemia to explore chylomicron metabolism during the onset and development of insulin-resistance, including the increased cardiovascular complications of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada
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Nakajima K, Nakajima Y, Takeichi S, Fujita MQ. ApoB-100 carrying lipoprotein, but not apoB-48, is the major subset of proatherogenic remnant-like lipoprotein particles detected in plasma of sudden cardiac death cases. Atherosclerosis 2006; 194:473-82. [PMID: 17045270 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that plasma levels of remnant-like lipoprotein particles (RLP) significantly increased in sudden cardiac death cases with and without coronary atherosclerosis. In this study we have elucidated the major subset of proatherogenic RLP, containing both apoB-48 and apoB-100-carrying remnants, in plasma of SCD and control death cases. One hundred and sixty seven Japanese cases of sudden cardiac death and 78 cases of control death underwent autopsy within 12h after death were studied. Heart weight was 9.2% higher in SCD cases than controls (P<0.05). Moreover 57.5% or 96/167 of the cases had more than grade (2+) coronary atherosclerosis versus 21.8% or 17 of 78 controls (P<0.01). Approximately 2/3 of the cases had full stomach, reflecting the postprandial state at the time of death. Plasma TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C were significantly elevated (P<0.001) together with RLP-C (P<0.01), RLP-TG (P<0.005) in SCD cases. Plasma RLP-apoB-100 levels were significantly elevated in SCD (P<-0.001), but apoB-48 levels were not. The median ratio of apoB-100/apoB-48 in RLP was 7.1 in SCD. The median RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio was 4.7, which suggested a large VLDL size. When apoB-48 and apoB-100 in RLP were divided into two groups, above and below the median level, respectively, apoB-48 inversely correlated with RLP-C (P<0.05) and RLP-TG (P<0.01), while apoB-100 in RLP positively correlated with RLP-C (P<0.01) in SCD cases. In conclusion, these results indicated that apoB-100 carrying lipoproteins, not apoB-48 carrying lipoproteins, were the major subset of RLP associated with sudden cardiac death in the postprandial state, regardless to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Ruel IL, Hogue JC, Deshaies Y, Gagné C, Couture P. Effects of fenofibrate on apolipoprotein kinetics in patients with coexisting dysbetalipoproteinemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2006; 188:203-12. [PMID: 16337207 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (dysb) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are two genetic disorders giving rise to severe disturbances of lipid homeostasis and premature atherosclerosis. The co-occurrence of both metabolic abnormalities is very rare and is estimated to affect 1 individual per 2,500,000 in the general population. However, the relative contribution of these two dyslipidemias to the combined lipoprotein phenotype is unknown. The two objectives of this study were (1) to compare the in vivo kinetics of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apolipoprotein (apo) B48, VLDL, IDL and LDL apo B100 as well as plasma apo A-l labelled with a stable isotope (l-(5,5,5-D3) leucine) in two subjects presenting both heterozygous FH and dysbetalipoproteinemia (FH+/dysb+), in six FH heterozygotes and in five normolipidemic controls, and (2) to examine the impact of a 6-week treatment with micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/d on apolipoprotein kinetics in FH+/dysb+. As compared with FH heterozygotes and controls, the two FH+/dysb+ subjects showed elevated TRL apo B48 and VLDL, IDL apo B100 pool sizes (PS) mainly due to lower fractional catabolic rates (FCR). Moreover, as compared with FH heterozygotes, FH+/dysb+ subjects presented lower LDL apo B100 PS due to a higher FCR. Pool size, FCR and production rate (PR) of apo A-l were higher in FH+/dysb+ subjects than in FH heterozygotes. In FH+/dysb+ subjects, fenofibrate treatment was associated with a decreased TRL apo B48 PS (-52 and -61%), VLDL apo B100 (-61 and -63%) and IDL apo B100 (-37 and -16%) and an increased FCR of TRL apo B48 (10 and 67%), VLDL apo B100 (123 and 57%) and IDL apo B100 (29 and 10%). Fenofibrate also increased LDL apo B100 PS (3 and 57%) due to an increase in PR (80 and 26%) but had divergent effects on LDL apo B100 FCR. These results indicate that the coexistence of dysbetalipoproteinemia and heterozygous FH results in a mixed lipoprotein phenotype that is intermediate between the two pure phenotypes and that fenofibrate treatment partially reverses lipoprotein abnormalities, mostly through changes in PR and FCR of apo B48- and B100-containing lipoproteins.
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