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Dujardin E, André M, Dewaele A, Mandon-Pépin B, Poulat F, Frambourg A, Thépot D, Jouneau L, Jolivet G, Pailhoux E, Pannetier M. DMRT1 is a testis-determining gene in rabbits and is also essential for female fertility. eLife 2023; 12:RP89284. [PMID: 37847154 PMCID: PMC10581690 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DMRT1 is the testis-determining factor in several species of vertebrates, but its involvement in mammalian testes differentiation, where SRY is the testis-determining gene, remains ambiguous. So far, DMRT1 loss-of-function has been described in two mammalian species and induces different phenotypes: Disorders of Sex Development (46, XY DSD) in men and male infertility in mice. We thus abolished DMRT1 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 in a third species of mammal, the rabbit. First, we observed that gonads from XY DMRT1-/- rabbit fetuses differentiated like ovaries, highlighting that DMRT1 is involved in testis determination. In addition to SRY, DMRT1 is required in the supporting cells to increase the expression of the SOX9 gene, which heads the testicular genetic cascade. Second, we highlighted another function of DMRT1 in the germline since XX and XY DMRT1-/- ovaries did not undergo meiosis and folliculogenesis. XX DMRT1-/- adult females were sterile, showing that DMRT1 is also crucial for female fertility. To conclude, these phenotypes indicate an evolutionary continuum between non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds and non-rodent mammals. Furthermore, our data support the potential involvement of DMRT1 mutations in different human pathologies, such as 46, XY DSD as well as male and female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dujardin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Marjolaine André
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Aurélie Dewaele
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Béatrice Mandon-Pépin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Francis Poulat
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UMR9002 University of Montpellier; 34396MontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Frambourg
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Dominique Thépot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED; 78350Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED; 94700Maisons-AlfortFrance
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Dewaele A, Dujardin E, André M, Albina A, Jammes H, Giton F, Sellem E, Jolivet G, Pailhoux E, Pannetier M. Absence of Testicular Estrogen Leads to Defects in Spermatogenesis and Increased Semen Abnormalities in Male Rabbits. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2070. [PMID: 36360307 PMCID: PMC9690781 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are steroid hormones produced by the aromatization of androgens by the aromatase enzyme, encoded by the CYP19A1 gene. Although generally referred to as "female sex hormones", estrogen is also produced in the adult testes of many mammals, including humans. To better understand the function of estrogens in the male, we used the rabbit model which is an important biomedical model. First, the expression of CYP19A1 transcripts was localized mainly in meiotic germ cells. Thus, testicular estrogen appears to be produced inside the seminiferous tubules. Next, the cells expressing ESR1 and ESR2 were identified, showing that estrogens could exert their function on post-meiotic germ cells in the tubules and play a role during sperm maturation, since ESR1 and ESR2 were detected in the cauda epididymis. Then, CRISPR/Cas9 CYP19A1-/- genetically modified rabbits were analyzed. CYP19A1-/- males showed decreased fertility with lower sperm count associated with hypo-spermatogenesis and lower spermatid number. Germ/sperm cell DNA methylation was unchanged, while sperm parameters were affected as CYP19A1-/- males exhibited reduced sperm motility associated with increased flagellar defects. In conclusion, testicular estrogens could be involved in the spermatocyte-spermatid transition in the testis, and in the acquisition of sperm motility in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Dewaele
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emilie Dujardin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marjolaine André
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Albina
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Frank Giton
- APHP, Pôle Biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, 94040 Créteil, France
- INSERM IMRB U955, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Eli Sellem
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Jolivet G, Vilotte JL. Louis-Marie Houdebine (1942-2022). Transgenic Res 2022. [PMID: 35348962 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Jolivet
- UMR BREED, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J L Vilotte
- UMR GABI, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Jolivet G, Daniel-Carlier N, Harscoët E, Airaud E, Dewaele A, Pierson C, Giton F, Boulanger L, Daniel N, Mandon-Pépin B, Pannetier M, Pailhoux E. Fetal Estrogens are not Involved in Sex Determination But Critical for Early Ovarian Differentiation in Rabbits. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6382335. [PMID: 34614143 PMCID: PMC8598387 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AROMATASE is encoded by the CYP19A1 gene and is the cytochrome enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis in vertebrates. In most mammals, a peak of CYP19A1 gene expression occurs in the fetal XX gonad when sexual differentiation is initiated. To elucidate the role of this peak, we produced 3 lines of TALEN genetically edited CYP19A1 knockout (KO) rabbits that were devoid of any estradiol production. All the KO XX rabbits developed as females with aberrantly small ovaries in adulthood, an almost empty reserve of primordial follicles, and very few large antrum follicles. Ovulation never occurred. Our histological, immunohistological, and transcriptomic analyses showed that the estradiol surge in the XX fetal rabbit gonad is not essential to its determination as an ovary, or for meiosis. However, it is mandatory for the high proliferation and differentiation of both somatic and germ cells, and consequently for establishment of the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Correspondence: Geneviève Jolivet, domaine de Vilvert, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Erwana Harscoët
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eloïse Airaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Dewaele
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cloé Pierson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; INSERM IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Boulanger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Gautier T, Deckert V, Aires V, Le Guern N, Proukhnitzky L, Patoli D, Lemaire S, Maquart G, Bataille A, Xolin M, Magnani C, Masson D, Harscoët E, Da Silva B, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G, Lagrost L. Human apolipoprotein C1 transgenesis reduces atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2021; 320:10-18. [PMID: 33497863 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein (apo) C1 is a 6.6 kDa protein associated with HDL and VLDL. ApoC1 alters triglyceride clearance, and it also favors cholesterol accumulation in HDL, especially by inhibiting CETP in human plasma. Apart from studies in mice, which lack CETP, the impact of apoC1 on atherosclerosis in animal models expressing CETP, like in humans, is not known. This study aimed at determining the net effect of human apoC1 on atherosclerosis in rabbits, a species with naturally high CETP activity but with endogenous apoC1 without CETP inhibitory potential. METHODS Rabbits expressing a human apoC1 transgene (HuApoC1Tg) were generated and displayed significant amounts of human apoC1 in plasma. RESULTS After cholesterol feeding, atherosclerosis lesions were significantly less extensive (-22%, p < 0.05) and HDL displayed a reduced ability to serve as CETP substrates (-25%, p < 0.05) in HuApoC1Tg rabbits than in WT littermates. It was associated with rises in plasma HDL cholesterol level and PON-1 activity, and a decrease in the plasma level of the lipid oxidation markers 12(S)-HODE and 8(S)HETE. In chow-fed animals, the level of HDL-cholesterol was also significantly higher in HuApoC1Tg than in WT animals (0.83 ± 0.11 versus 0.73 ± 0.11 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.05), and it was associated with significantly lower CETP activity (cholesteryl ester transfer rate, -10%, p < 0.05; specific CETP activity, -14%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Constitutive expression of fully functional human apoC1 in transgenic rabbit attenuates atherosclerosis. It was found to relate, at least in part, to the inhibition of plasma CETP activity and to alterations in plasma HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gautier
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France.
| | - Valérie Deckert
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Aires
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Lil Proukhnitzky
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Danish Patoli
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Lemaire
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Maquart
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Amandine Bataille
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Xolin
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Charlène Magnani
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France; University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Erwana Harscoët
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS UMR7622, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM / University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231 and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France; University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
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Chassot AA, Le Rolle M, Jolivet G, Stevant I, Guigonis JM, Da Silva F, Nef S, Pailhoux E, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Chaboissier MC. Retinoic acid synthesis by ALDH1A proteins is dispensable for meiosis initiation in the mouse fetal ovary. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz1261. [PMID: 32494737 PMCID: PMC7244317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the timing of meiosis entry is regulated by signals from the gonadal environment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling is considered the key pathway that promotes Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid 8) expression and, in turn, meiosis entry. This model, however, is debated because it is based on analyzing the effects of exogenous ATRA on ex vivo gonadal cultures, which not accurately reflects the role of endogenous ATRA. Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2, two retinaldehyde dehydrogenases synthesizing ATRA, are expressed in the mouse ovaries when meiosis initiates. Contrary to the present view, here, we demonstrate that ATRA-responsive cells are scarce in the ovary. Using three distinct gene deletion models for Aldh1a1;Aldh1a2;Aldh1a3, we show that Stra8 expression is independent of ATRA production by ALDH1A proteins and that germ cells progress through meiosis. Together, these data demonstrate that ATRA signaling is dispensable for instructing meiosis initiation in female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Stevant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR E4320, CEA, F-06107 Nice, France
- Plateforme “Bernard Rossi”, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06107 Nice, France
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
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Gautier T, Deckert V, Aires V, Le Guern N, Patoli D, Lemaire S, Maquart G, Bataille A, Xolin M, Magnani C, Masson D, Harscoët E, Da Silva B, Houdebine L, Jolivet G, Lagrost L. Human Apolipoprotein C1 Transgenesis To Inhibit Cetp And To Attenuate Atherosclerosis In Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Vitorino Carvalho A, Eozenou C, Healey GD, Forde N, Reinaud P, Chebrout M, Gall L, Rodde N, Padilla AL, Delville CG, Leveugle M, Richard C, Sheldon IM, Lonergan P, Jolivet G, Sandra O. Analysis of STAT1 expression and biological activity reveals interferon-tau-dependent STAT1-regulated SOCS genes in the bovine endometrium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:459-74. [PMID: 25116692 DOI: 10.1071/rd14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are critical for the regulation of numerous biological processes. In cattle, microarray analyses identified STAT1 as a differentially expressed gene in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period. To gain new insights about STAT1 during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy, we investigated STAT1 transcript and protein expression, as well as its biological activity in bovine tissue and cells of endometrial origin. Pregnancy increased STAT1 expression on Day 16, and protein and phosphorylation levels on Day 20. In cyclic and pregnant females, STAT1 was located in endometrial cells but not in the luminal epithelium at Day 20 of pregnancy. The expression of STAT1 during the oestrous cycle was not affected by progesterone supplementation. In vivo and in vitro, interferon-tau (IFNT) stimulated STAT1 mRNA expression, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation in IFNT-stimulated endometrial cells, we demonstrated an increase of STAT1 binding on interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1, SOCS3) gene promoters consistent with the induction of their transcripts. Our data provide novel molecular insights into the biological functions of STAT1 in the various cells composing the endometrium during maternal pregnancy recognition and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vitorino Carvalho
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Eozenou
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G D Healey
- Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - N Forde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Reinaud
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Chebrout
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Gall
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N Rodde
- INRA, UPR1258 Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A Lesage Padilla
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Giraud Delville
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Leveugle
- INRA, UR1077 Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Richard
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - I M Sheldon
- Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Jolivet
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - O Sandra
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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9
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Valentino S, Duranthon V, Tarrade A, Rousseau-Ralliard, Mourier E, Richard C, Aioun J, Daniel N, Archilla C, Peynot N, Fournier N, Guinot M, Jolivet G, Levy R, Bourdon M, Torres-Rovira L, Jouneau L, Charlier M, Boere J, Agier L, Slama R, Cassee F, Chavatte-Palmer P. Reproductive effects of gestational exposure to diesel exhaust in a rabbit model. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jolivet G, Braud S, DaSilva B, Passet B, Harscoët E, Viglietta C, Gautier T, Lagrost L, Daniel-Carlier N, Houdebine LM, Harosh I. Induction of body weight loss through RNAi-knockdown of APOBEC1 gene expression in transgenic rabbits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106655. [PMID: 25216115 PMCID: PMC4162549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search of new strategies to fight against obesity, we targeted a gene pathway involved in energy uptake. We have thus investigated the APOB mRNA editing protein (APOBEC1) gene pathway that is involved in fat absorption in the intestine. The APOB gene encodes two proteins, APOB100 and APOB48, via the editing of a single nucleotide in the APOB mRNA by the APOBEC1 enzyme. The APOB48 protein is mandatory for the synthesis of chylomicrons by intestinal cells to transport dietary lipids and cholesterol. We produced transgenic rabbits expressing permanently and ubiquitously a small hairpin RNA targeting the rabbit APOBEC1 mRNA. These rabbits exhibited a moderately but significantly reduced level of APOBEC1 gene expression in the intestine, a reduced level of editing of the APOB mRNA, a reduced level of synthesis of chylomicrons after a food challenge, a reduced total mass of body lipids and finally presented a sustained lean phenotype without any obvious physiological disorder. Interestingly, no compensatory mechanism opposed to the phenotype. These lean transgenic rabbits were crossed with transgenic rabbits expressing in the intestine the human APOBEC1 gene. Double transgenic animals did not present any lean phenotype, thus proving that the intestinal expression of the human APOBEC1 transgene was able to counterbalance the reduction of the rabbit APOBEC1 gene expression. Thus, a moderate reduction of the APOBEC1 dependent editing induces a lean phenotype at least in the rabbit species. This suggests that the APOBEC1 gene might be a novel target for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jolivet
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- * E-mail: (GJ); (IH)
| | | | - Bruno DaSilva
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRA UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Erwana Harscoët
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Céline Viglietta
- INRA UMR1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Itzik Harosh
- ObeTherapy Biotechnology, Evry, France
- * E-mail: (GJ); (IH)
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11
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Daniel-Carlier N, Harscoët E, Thépot D, Auguste A, Pailhoux E, Jolivet G. Gonad differentiation in the rabbit: evidence of species-specific features. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60451. [PMID: 23593221 PMCID: PMC3620232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is an attractive species for the study of gonad differentiation because of its 31-day long gestation, the timing of female meiosis around birth and the 15-day delay between gonadal switch and the onset of meiosis in the female. The expression of a series of genes was thus determined by qPCR during foetal life until adulthood, completed by a histological analysis and whenever possible by an immunohistological one. Interesting gene expression profiles were recorded. Firstly, the peak of SRY gene expression that is observed in early differentiated XY gonads in numerous mammals was also seen in the rabbit, but this expression was maintained at a high level until the end of puberty. Secondly, a peak of aromatase gene expression was observed at two-thirds of the gestation in XX gonads as in many other species except in the mouse. Thirdly, the expression of STRA8 and DMC1 genes (which are known to be specifically expressed in germ cells during meiosis) was enhanced in XX gonads around birth but also slightly and significantly in XY gonads at the same time, even though no meiosis occurs in XY gonad at this stage. This was probably a consequence of the synchronous strong NANOS2 gene expression in XY gonad. In conclusion, our data highlighted some rabbit-specific findings with respect to the gonad differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Daniel-Carlier
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Erwana Harscoët
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dominique Thépot
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Auguste
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Geneviève Jolivet
- UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Daniel-Carlier N, Sawafta A, Passet B, Thépot D, Leroux-Coyau M, Lefèvre F, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G. Viral infection resistance conferred on mice by siRNA transgenesis. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:489-500. [PMID: 22961198 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference is an attractive strategy to fight against viral diseases by targeting the mRNA of viral genes. Most studies have reported the transient delivery of small interfering RNA or small hairpin (shRNA) expression constructs. Here, we present the production of transgenic mice stably expressing shRNA or miRNA targeting the IE180 mRNA (immediate early gene) of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) which infects mice and farm animals. We firstly designed non-retroviral shRNA or miRNA expression vectors. Secondly, we selected the most efficient shRNA construct that targeted either the 5'part or 3'UTR of the IE mRNA and was able to knockdown the target gene expression in cultured cells, by measuring systematically the shRNA content and comparing this with the interfering effects. We then produced four lines of transgenic mice expressing different amounts of shRNA or miRNA in the brain but without signs of stimulation of innate immunity. Lastly, we tested their resistance to PRV infection. In all transgenic lines, we observed a significant resistance to viral challenge, the best being achieved with the shRNA construct targeting the 3'UTR of the IE gene. Viral DNA levels in the brains of infected mice were always lower in transgenic mice, even in animals that did not survive. Finally, this work reports an effective strategy to generate transgenic animals producing shRNA from non-retroviral expression vectors. Moreover, these mice are the first transgenic animal models producing shRNA with a significant antiviral effect but without any apparent shRNA toxicity.
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13
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Masson D, Deckert V, Gautier T, Klein A, Desrumaux C, Viglietta C, Pais de Barros JP, Le Guern N, Grober J, Labbé J, Ménétrier F, Ripoll PJ, Leroux-Coyau M, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM, Lagrost L. Worsening of diet-induced atherosclerosis in a new model of transgenic rabbit expressing the human plasma phospholipid transfer protein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:766-74. [PMID: 21252068 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.215756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is involved in intravascular lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP is known to act through 2 main mechanisms: by remodeling high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and by increasing apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to generate a new model of human PLTP transgenic (HuPLTPTg) rabbit and to determine whether PLTP expression modulates atherosclerosis in this species that, unlike humans and mice, displays naturally very low PLTP activity. METHODS AND RESULTS In HuPLTPTg rabbits, the human PLTP cDNA was placed under the control of the human eF1-α gene promoter, resulting in a widespread tissue expression pattern and in increased plasma PLTP. The HuPLTPTg rabbits showed a significant increase in the cholesterol content of the plasma apoB-containing lipoprotein fractions, with a more severe trait when animals were fed a cholesterol-rich diet. In contrast, HDL cholesterol level was not modified in HuPLTPTg rabbits. Formation of aortic fatty streaks was increased in hypercholesterolemic HuPLTPTg animals as compared with nontransgenic littermates. CONCLUSIONS Human PLTP expression in HuPLTPTg rabbit worsens atherosclerosis as a result of increased levels of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins but not of alterations in their antioxidative protection or in cholesterol content of plasma HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Masson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Bourgogne, UMR866, Dijon, France
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14
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Le Saux A, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G. Chromosome integration of BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome): evidence of multiple rearrangements. Transgenic Res 2010; 19:923-31. [PMID: 20107893 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports our attempts to characterize transgene integration sites in transgenic mouse lines generated by the microinjection of large (from 30 to 145 kb) pig DNA fragments encompassing a mammary specific gene, the whey acidic protein gene (WAP). Among the various methods used, the thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL-) PCR method allowed us (1) to analyze transgene/genomic borders and internal concatamer junctions for eleven transgenic lines, (2) to obtain sequence information for seven borders, (3) to place three transgenes in the mouse genome, and (4) to obtain sequence data for seven transgene junctions in concatamers. Finally, we characterized various rearrangements in the borders and the inner parts of the transgene. The possibility of such complex rearrangements should be carefully considered when transgenic animals are produced with large genomic DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Le Saux
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, UMR1198, INRA ENVA, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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15
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Saidi S, Rival-Gervier S, Daniel-Carlier N, Thépot D, Morgenthaler C, Viglietta C, Prince S, Passet B, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G. Distal control of the pig whey acidic protein (WAP) locus in transgenic mice. Gene 2007; 401:97-107. [PMID: 17692477 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Distal control of the whey acidic protein (WAP) locus was studied using a transgenic approach. A series of pig genomic fragments encompassing increasing DNA lengths upstream of the mammary specific whey acidic protein (WAP) gene transcription start point (tsp) and 5 kb downstream were used for microinjection in mouse fertilized eggs. Our data pointed out three regions as potent regulators for WAP but not for RAMP3 gene expression (a non mammary-specific gene located 30 kb upstream of the WAP gene). WAP gene activating elements were present in the -80 kb to -30 kb and -145 kb to -130 kb regions whereas inhibitors were present in the -130 kb to -80 kb region. The stimulatory regions were characterized by peaks of histone H4 acetylation and a poor nucleosome occupancy in lactating sow mammary glands but not in liver. These data reveal for the first time the existence of several remote potent regulatory regions of the pig WAP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Saidi
- INRA, UMR1198 CNRS-ENVA Biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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16
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Soler E, Thépot D, Rival-Gervier S, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM. Preparation of recombinant proteins in milk to improve human and animal health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:579-88. [PMID: 17107647 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:2006029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a very abundant source of proteins for animal and human consumption. Milk composition can be modified using transgenesis, including exogenous gene addition and endogenous gene inactivation. The study of milk protein genes has provided researchers with regulatory regions capable of efficiently and specifically driving the expression of foreign genes in milk. The projects underway are aimed at modifying milk composition, improving its nutritional value, reducing mammary infections, providing consumers with antipathogen proteins and preparing purified recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical use. The present paper summarises the current progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soler
- BioProtein Technologies 63, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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17
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Pannetier M, Fabre S, Batista F, Kocer A, Renault L, Jolivet G, Mandon-Pépin B, Cotinot C, Veitia R, Pailhoux E. FOXL2 activates P450 aromatase gene transcription: towards a better characterization of the early steps of mammalian ovarian development. J Mol Endocrinol 2006; 36:399-413. [PMID: 16720712 DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have equated FOXL2 as a crucial actor in the ovarian differentiation process in different vertebrate species. Its transcriptional extinction in the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) leads primarily to a drastic decrease of aromatase (CYP19) expression in the first steps of goat ovarian development. In this study, we provide a better characterization of early ovarian development in goat, and we provide experimental evidence demonstrating that FOXL2 represents a direct transcriptional activator of the CYP19 gene through its ovarian-specific promoter 2. Moreover, the ovarian location of FOXL2 and CYP19 proteins, together with their expression profiles in the female gonads, stress the involvement of FOXL2 co-factor(s) for regulating CYP19 transcription. Expressional analyses show that activin-betaA can be considered as a strong candidate for being one of these FOXL2 co-factors. Finally, we discuss evidence for a role of activin and estrogens in somatic and germinal cell proliferation occurring before germ cell meiosis. This period, of 20 days in goat, seems to have no equivalent in mouse. This species-specific difference could explain the phenotype discrepancy observed between XX goat PIS(-/-) and XX mouse Foxl2(-/-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Pannetier
- Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction - UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA, Bât. J Poly, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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18
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Jolivet G, Pantano T, Houdebine LM. Regulation by the extracellular matrix (ECM) of prolactin-induced alpha s1-casein gene expression in rabbit primary mammary cells: role of STAT5, C/EBP, and chromatin structure. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:313-27. [PMID: 15778982 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand how the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates at the gene level the prolactin (Prl)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-dependent expression of the alpha s1-casein gene in mammary epithelial cells. CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are assumed regulators of beta-casein gene expression. Rabbit primary mammary cells express alpha s1-casein gene when cultured on collagen and not on plastic. Similar C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, STAT5, and Prl-activated STAT5 were found under all culture conditions. Thus the ECM does not act through C/EBPs or STAT5. This was confirmed by transfections of rabbit primary mammary cells by a construct sensitive to ovine prolactin (oPrl) and ECM (6i TK luc) encompassing STAT5 and C/EBP binding sites. The mutation of C/EBPs binding sites showed that these sites were not mandatory for Prl-induced expression of the construct. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation by the anti-acetylhistone H4 antibody (ChIP) showed that the ECM (and not Prl) maintained a high amount of histone H4 acetylation upstream of the alpha s1-casein gene especially at the level of a distal Prl- and ECM-sensitive enhancer. Alpha6 integrin (a membrane receptor of laminin, the principal active component of the mammary ECM) was found at the surface of cells cultured on collagen but not on plastic. In cells cultured on collagen in the presence of anti-alpha6 integrin antibody, Prl-induced transcription of the endogenous alpha s1-casein gene was significantly reduced, without modifying C/EBPs and STAT5. Besides, histone H4 acetylation was reduced. Thus, we propose that the ECM regulates rabbit alpha s1-casein protein expression by local modification of chromatin structure, independently of STAT5 and C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jolivet
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France.
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Pannetier M, Renault L, Jolivet G, Cotinot C, Pailhoux E. Ovarian-specific expression of a new gene regulated by the goat PIS region and transcribed by a FOXL2 bidirectional promoter. Genomics 2005; 85:715-26. [PMID: 15885498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies on XX sex reversal in polled goats (PIS mutation: polled intersex syndrome) have led to the discovery of a female-specific locus crucial for ovarian differentiation. This genomic region is composed of at least two genes, FOXL2 and PISRT1, sharing a common transcriptional regulatory region, PIS. In this paper, we describe a third gene, PFOXic (promoter FOXL2 inverse complementary), located near FOXL2 in the opposite orientation. This gene composed of five exons encodes a 1723-bp cDNA, enclosing two repetitive elements in its 3' end. PFOXic mRNA encodes a putative protein of 163 amino acids with no homologies in any of the databases tested. The transcriptional expression of PFOXic is driven by a bidirectional promoter also enhancing FOXL2 transcription. In goats, PFOXic is expressed in developing ovaries, from 36 days postcoitum until adulthood. Ovarian-specific expression of PFOXic is regulated by the PIS region. PFOXic is found conserved only in Bovidae. But, a human gene located in the opposite orientation relative to FOXL2 can be considered a human PFOXic. Finally, we discuss evidence arguing for regulation of the level of FOXL2 transcription via the bidirectional promoter and the level of transcription of PFOXic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Pannetier
- Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bât. J. Poly, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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20
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Rival-Gervier S, Pantano T, Viglietta C, Maeder C, Prince S, Attal J, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM. The Insulator Effect of the 5’HS4 Region from the β-globin Chicken Locus on the RabbitWAPGene Promoter Activity in Transgenic Mice. Transgenic Res 2003; 12:723-30. [PMID: 14713201 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000005242.72076.d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the 5'HS4 DNaseI hypersensitive site of the chicken beta-globin locus is endowed with classic insulator activities: (i) it blocks the interaction between promoter and enhancers when it is inserted between them (ii) it confers expression of integrated foreign genes independent of their position in the chromatin. The aim of this present work was to determine whether the 5'HS4 element was able to stimulate the expression level and/or to increase the expression frequency of a luc+ reporter gene controlled by the rabbit WAP gene promoter. Two constructs with 5'HS4 insulator (p5'HS4-WAPluc) or without (pWAPluc) were introduced in mouse fertilised oocytes. All transgenic lines containing the 5'HS4 element (six lines) expressed the transgene whereas only two out of eight lines harbouring the pWAP-luc construct expressed the transgene to a significant level. Moreover, the mean level of expression was seven times higher in p5'HS4WAP-luc lines than in pWAP-luc lines. Even all these benefits on transgene expression, the 5'HS4 element did not confer a copy-dependent expression, did not decrease the ectopic expression of the reporter gene and did not decrease the variability of expression. Thus, the 5'HS4 element does not have all the properties of a perfect insulator on a construct containing the luc+ reporter gene controlled by the rabbit WAP promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rival-Gervier
- Unité de Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-78352 Jouyv-en-Josas, France.
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21
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Pantano T, Rival-Gervier S, Prince S, Menck-Le Bourhis C, Maeder C, Viglietta C, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G. In vitro and in vivo effects of a multimerized alphas 1-casein enhancer on whey acidic protein gene promoter activity. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 65:262-8. [PMID: 12784247 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data obtained in previous works have led to postulate that enhancers increase the frequency of action of a linked promoter in a given cell and may have some insulating effects. The multimerized rabbit alpha s1-casein gene enhancer, the 6i multimer, was added upstream of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene (WAP) promoter (-6,300; +28 bp) fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) gene (6i WAP-luc construct). The 6i multimer increased reporter gene expression in mouse mammary HC11 cells. In transgenic mice, a very weak but significant increase was also observed. More noticeable, no silent lines were found when the 6i multimer was associated to the WAP-luc construct. This reflects the fact that the 6i multimer tends to prevent the silencing of the WAP-luc construct. After addition of the 5'HS4 insulator region from the chicken beta-globin locus upstream of the 6i multimer, similar luciferase levels were measured in 6i WAP-luc and 5'HS4 WAP-luc transgenic mice. Our present data and previous ones, which show that the 6i multimer has no insulating activity on a TK gene promoter construct indicate that the insulating activity of the 6i multimer is construct-dependent and not amplified by the 5'HS4 insulator.
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22
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Rival-Gervier S, Thépot D, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM. Pig whey acidic protein gene is surrounded by two ubiquitously expressed genes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003; 1627:7-14. [PMID: 12759187 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 140-kb pig DNA fragment containing the whey acidic protein (WAP) gene cloned in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC344H5) has been shown to contain all of the cis-elements necessary for position-independent, copy-dependent and tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice. The insert from this BAC was sequenced. This revealed the presence of two other genes with quite different expression patterns in pig tissues and in transfected HC11 mouse mammary cells. The RAMP3 gene is located 15 kb upstream of the WAP gene in reverse orientation. The CPR2 gene is located 5 kb downstream of the WAP gene in the same orientation. The same locus organization was found in the human genome. The region between RAMP3 and CPR2 in the human genome contains a WAP gene-like sequence with several points of mutation which may account for the absence of WAP from human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rival-Gervier
- Laboratoire de biologie du développement et reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Abstract
The study and the control of milk synthesis are required to decipher the mechanisms of gene expression, to improve milk production, to modify milk composition, to induce a resistance to diseases in the mammary gland and to produce recombinant proteins of pharmaceutical interest. Transgenesis has become a mandatory tool to reach these goals. The use of transgenesis is still limited by the difficulty of adding foreign genes in farm animals and mainly by replacing genes by homologous recombination. Transgene expression is also often ill-controlled. The present paper summarizes the current progress in this field with a particular emphasis on expression vectors for transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Houdebine
- Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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24
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Pantano T, Jolivet G, Prince S, Menck-Le Bourhis C, Maeder C, Viglietta C, Rival S, Houdebine LM. Effect of the rabbit alphas1-casein gene distal enhancer on the expression of a reporter gene in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:53-61. [PMID: 11779132 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several gene constructs containing the firefly luciferase gene and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene promoter (TK) were used to evaluate the transcriptional activity of the distal enhancer (-3442, -3285) of the rabbit alphas1-casein gene. Six copies of the enhancer (6i) were added upstream of the TK-luciferase construct in the presence or absence of the chicken beta-globin 5'HS4 insulator. The activity of the constructs was tested by transient transfection in CHO cells and in rabbit primary mammary cell cultured on plastic or on floating collagen. Constructs were also tested in stably transfected mouse mammary HC11 cells. In all cell types the multimerized alphas1-casein enhancer strongly stimulated luciferase gene expression in the presence of lactogenic hormones. It was also sensitive to the extracellular matrix in rabbit primary mammary cells. The constructs were used to generate transgenic mice. The 6i TK transgenic animals expressed the luciferase gene at very low levels irrespectively of the physiological state. No preferential expression in the mammary gland was observed. Addition of 5'HS4 insulator to the 6i TK construct did not prevent silencing in most of the transgenic lines. However, two lines expressed high luciferase levels specifically in the mammary gland. Our data suggest that 6i may confer, when insulated properly, a higher and mammary-specific expression to the TK promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pantano
- Bioprotein Technologies, 63 Boulevard Massena, 75013, Paris, France.
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Jolivet G, Meusnier C, Chaumaz G, Houdebine LM. Extracellular matrix regulates alpha s1-casein gene expression in rabbit primary mammary cells and CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding activity. J Cell Biochem 2001; 82:371-86. [PMID: 11500914 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that both the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and the CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are involved in the regulation of casein gene expression by mammary epithelial cells. Prolactin (Prl) activation of STAT5 is necessary for casein gene expression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates also casein gene expression. Here, we have investigated whether ECM regulates C/EBPs activity in primary rabbit mammary epithelial cells. Isolated primary mammary cells were cultured on plastic or on floating collagen I gel. Prolactin induced alphas 1-casein gene expression when cells were cultured on collagen but not on plastic. It is noteworthy that activated STAT5 was detected in both culture conditions. Several STAT5 isoforms (STAT5a, STAT5b, and other STAT5 related isoforms, some with lower molecular weight than the full-length STAT5a and STAT5b) were detected under the different culture conditions. However, their presence was not related to the expression of alphas 1-casein gene. The binding of nuclear factors to a C/EBP specific binding site and the protein level of C/EBPbeta differed in cells cultured on plastic or on collagen but these parameters were not modified by Prl. This suggests that C/EBP binding activity was regulated by ECM and not by Prl. Interestingly, these modifications were correlated to the expression of the alphas 1-casein gene. Hence, the activation of the alphas 1-casein gene expression depends on two independent signals, one delivered by Prl via the activation of STAT5, the other delivered by ECM via C/EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jolivet
- Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France.
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Poumay Y, Jolivet G, Pittelkow MR, Herphelin F, De Potter IY, Mitev V, Houdebine LM. Human epidermal keratinocytes upregulate expression of the prolactin receptor after the onset of terminal differentiation, but do not respond to prolactin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 364:247-53. [PMID: 10190981 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing and differentiating keratinocytes maintain the epidermal barrier. This is partly controlled by growth factors and hormones. Prolactin (PRL) is named after its hormonal role in mammals during lactation, but is found in all vertebrates where PRL exerts various effects. In serum-free keratinocyte cultures, PRL was thought to be the factor responsible for the proliferative effect of bovine pituitary extract. Here, we evaluated PRL as a clonogenic factor for keratinocytes and found no mitogenic activity. Studying the expression of the PRL receptor by keratinocytes, we found the receptor upregulated only after culture confluence, in differentiating keratinocytes, but we were unable to detect any cellular response to PRL. The hormone does not alter the gene expression of either early (suprabasal keratin) or late (involucrin) differentiation markers by keratinocytes. Accordingly, no activation of the transcription factor Stat5 by PRL can be detected in keratinocytes, Stat5 being nevertheless detected by Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Poumay
- Département Histologie-Embryologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, B-5000, Belgium.
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Poumay Y, Jolivet G, Pittelkow M, Herphelin F, De Potter I, Mitev V, Houdebine L. Effect of prolactin on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(98)83932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jahn GA, Daniel N, Jolivet G, Belair L, Bole-Feysot C, Kelly PA, Djiane J. In vivo study of prolactin (PRL) intracellular signalling during lactogenesis in the rat: JAK/STAT pathway is activated by PRL in the mammary gland but not in the liver. Biol Reprod 1997; 57:894-900. [PMID: 9314595 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod57.4.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat prolactin receptor (PRL-R) exists in two forms, which differ in the length of the cytoplasmic domains, tissue distribution, and biological activity. The short form predominates in liver while the long form is prevalent in mammary gland. We have compared activation by PRL of the JAK2-STAT pathway (protein tyrosine phosphorylation and STAT5 activation) in mammary gland and liver in an in vivo rat model of induction of lactogenesis by PRL injections, and we have studied the relative proportion of both forms of the receptor in these tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Rats were ovario-hysterectomized on Day 19 of pregnancy, treated with bromocriptine, subsequently injected with 250 micrograms ovine PRL i.p. on Day 20, and killed 0-12 h after. Western blots of solubilized mammary gland and liver membranes immunoprecipitated with anti-PRL-R or anti-JAK2 antibodies showed that the PRL-R is constitutively associated with JAK2 and that the long form of the PRL-R is present in both tissues, while the short form was detected only in liver. Phosphorylated proteins corresponding to the long form of PRL-R and JAK2 appeared 15-60 min after ovine PRL injection in mammary extracts but not in liver. At these same times, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, using a rat beta-casein probe specific for STAT5 binding, showed activated STAT5 in mammary gland cytosol and nuclear extracts. In the liver, low levels of activated STAT5 were detected in non-treated animals, which were not modified by PRL. Quantitative RT-PCR of liver and mammary PRL-R mRNA showed that the amount of the long form of PRL-R mRNA is roughly comparable in both tissues, while the short form is predominant in liver and in a minority in mammary tissue. Both forms were down-regulated by PRL only in mammary glands. Thus, during lactogenesis, mammary tissue responds to PRL by activation of JAK2 and STAT5, while the liver does not respond to PRL in spite of the presence of PRL-R associated with JAK2 and pre-existing activated STAT5. Thus, liver tissue may lack a critical component for activation of the PRL pathway, or the large quantities of the short form of the PRL-R may associate with the long form to constitute inactive heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Jahn
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
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Goupille O, Daniel N, Bignon C, Jolivet G, Djiane J. Prolactin signal transduction to milk protein genes: carboxy-terminal part of the prolactin receptor and its tyrosine phosphorylation are not obligatory for JAK2 and STAT5 activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 127:155-69. [PMID: 9099911 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(97)04005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed several Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell clones stably expressing various deletion mutant forms of the rabbit prolactin receptor (rbPRL-R) to better define the domains of the receptor involved in JAK2 kinase interaction, STAT5 activation, and to assess the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of the PRL-R in signal transduction. We observed that the box 1 region of the receptor was critical for productive interaction with JAK2 and its tyrosine phosphorylation after PRL stimulation. However, this region appeared to require the presence of additional cytoplasmic domain region(s), such as box 2, to exert its complete effect. In addition, we found that a mutant form lacking the 141 C-terminal residues lost the capacity to be tyrosine phosphorylated in response to PRL but remained able to activate JAK2 kinase and STAT5 transcription factor, indicating that it contained the minimal sequence required for STAT5 activation. The absence of tyrosine phosphorylation of this C-terminal rbPRL-R mutant upon PRL stimulation indicated that the phosphorylation of the PRL-R normally occured in the last 141 animo acids (aa) containing three tyrosines and was not absolutely necessary for induction of these early events in PRL signal transduction. Transfectant cell lines expressing wild type (WT) PRL-R and this C-terminal mutant form were able to induce CAT activity upon PRL stimulation when transiently transfected with the ovine-beta-lactoglobulin promoter, containing STAT5 recognition sites, fused to the CAT reporter gene. The comparison between transcriptional activity of these two receptor forms leads to the conclusion that the C-terminal region of the rbPRL-R, containing the physiological sites for tyrosine phosphorylation, is probably responsible for an amplification of the PRL signal to milk protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Goupille
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la RechercheAgronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
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Jolivet G, L'Hotte C, Pierre S, Tourkine N, Houdebine LM. A MGF/STAT5 binding site is necessary in the distal enhancer for high prolactin induction of transfected rabbit alpha s1-casein-CAT gene transcription. FEBS Lett 1996; 389:257-62. [PMID: 8766711 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The rabbit alphas1-casein gene contains a distal prolactin-dependent enhancer 3442-3285 bp 5' to the site of initiation of transcription. We have reported previously that four DNA/protein-binding sites (F1-F4) are located within this distal enhancer. We now show that one of this binding site (the F4 site) binds in vitro a MGF/STAT5-like factor. The functional importance of the F4 site was estimated by cotransfection of CHO cells with a chimeric gene containing or not the F4 sequence linked to the (-391/+1774)CAT gene and a plasmid encoding the rabbit mammary prolactin receptor. The F4 site is necessary for maximal response, of the enhancer to prolactin. However, this site has to be associated to the Fl-F3 fragment. It can be replaced by a genuine MGF/STAT5-binding site. A mutational analysis indicates that F4 and F1 sites are simultaneously involved to confer a high prolactin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jolivet
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Pierre S, Jolivet G, Devinoy E, Houdebine LM. A combination of distal and proximal regions is required for efficient prolactin regulation of transfected rabbit alpha s1-casein chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs. Mol Endocrinol 1994; 8:1720-30. [PMID: 7677833 DOI: 10.1210/mend.8.12.7677833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the rabbit, alpha s1-casein is the major casein secreted in the milk. Transcription of the alpha s1-casein gene is induced by PRL. To define the positions of the cis-sequences involved in the control of rabbit alpha s1-casein gene expression by PRL, chimeric genes containing upstream regions of alpha s1-casein gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene were cotransfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells with the plasmid expressing the rabbit mammary PRL receptor. It was observed that a distal fragment -3442/-3118 was responsible for a high induction of PRL sensitivity when linked in the 5'-position to a chimeric construct (-391/1774)-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. A cooperation between distal and proximal regions of the alpha s1-casein gene is responsible for the PRL-dependent enhancer activity of the distal fragment. The mammary gland-specific nuclear factor-like binding sequence found around position -90 in the proximal promoter of the alpha s1-casein gene is involved in this cooperation. The distal fragment was further studied to determine the position of regulatory regions. A -3442/-3385 fragment was sufficient to induce a PRL sensitivity similar to that conferred by the larger -3442/-3118 distal fragment, but multiple interactions are likely to exist between other regulatory regions included in this distal fragment. Four DNA-binding regions (I-IV) have been identified within the reduced -3442/-3385 fragment by footprint experiments using rabbit mammary gland or liver nuclear extracts (NE). Protected area III is observed using both NE. Protected areas I, II, and IV are specific for lactating mammary gland NE. The sequences of areas I and IV share several homologies with the sequence of the mammary gland-specific nuclear factor-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pierre
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Bearzotti M, Perrot E, Michard-Vanhee C, Jolivet G, Attal J, Theron MC, Puissant C, Dreano M, Kopchick JJ, Powell R. Gene expression following transfection of fish cells. J Biotechnol 1993; 26:315-25. [PMID: 1369156 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(92)90015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various genes containing different transcriptional regulatory elements (TRE) and the bacterial marker gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase were transfected into several fish cell lines to evaluate the efficiency of expression in comparison with mammalian cells. The CMV and RSV TRE were the most efficient non-inducible promoters in directing reporter gene expression. RSV and CMV appeared of similar potency in a stable fish cell line. The human HSP-70 promoter showed high potency in a carp and in a trout cell line after thermal induction. This promoter also induced the synthesis of human growth hormone directed by the corresponding cDNA, but not by the gene. RSV TRE was also able to drive the synthesis of bovine growth hormone when attached directly to the cDNA but not to the gene. These data suggest that non-fish gene TRE can be used to express foreign genes in fish cells or transgenic fish; however, in most cases they are relatively inefficient. The data also suggest that the translation and secretion machinery of fish cells can express efficiently foreign genes but that mammalian introns might be not processed properly in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bearzotti
- Unité des Virus de Poissons, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Pierre S, Jolivet G, Devinoy E, Théron MC, Maliénou-N'Gassa R, Puissant C, Houdebine LM. A distal region enhances the prolactin induced promoter activity of the rabbit alpha s1-casein gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 87:147-56. [PMID: 1446787 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(92)90243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Casein gene expression is induced in the rabbit mammary gland by prolactin (PRL). alpha s1-casein is the major casein secreted into milk. In order to define the position of the DNA sequences involved in the control of rabbit alpha s1-casein gene regulation by PRL, chimeric genes were constructed between upstream regions of the rabbit alpha s1-casein gene and the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. A series of 5'-deleted fusion genes was obtained by nuclease digestion of the alpha s1-casein gene upstream region. These gene constructs were transfected into rabbit primary mammary cells, or cotransfected in CHO cells with the plasmid coding for the rabbit mammary receptor (PRL-R). A regulatory region has been located between nt -3768 and -3155. This region enhances the prolactin induced promoter activity of the alpha s1-casein gene. It might possess or cooperate with prolactin responsive elements located further downstream in the alpha s1-casein gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pierre
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the entire rabbit alpha s1-casein-encoding gene Aslca and its flanking regions was determined. These data represent the first complete primary sequence of an Aslca gene. The gene consists of 19 exons spread over 16 kb. Highly conserved sequences were found between this gene and other casein-encoding genes mainly upstream from the gene from position -180 to -10. Several repeated interspersed elements of unknown function were also identified within introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jolivet
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France
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Affiliation(s)
- E Devinoy
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Devinoy E, Hubert C, Jolivet G, Thepot D, Clergue N, Desaleux M, Dion M, Servely JL, Houdebine LM. Recent data on the structure of rabbit milk protein genes and on the mechanism of the hormonal control of their expression. Reprod Nutr Dev (1980) 1988; 28:1145-64. [PMID: 3072627 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19880711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammary explants or isolated mammary cells from rabbit have been cultured in the presence of insulin, prolactin and cortisol alone or in combination. The cellular content in alpha s1-casein, beta-casein and whey acidic protein (WAP) mRNA have been evaluated using the corresponding cDNA as probes. In all cases alpha s1-casein mRNA was the most abundant and WAP mRNA the least abundant mRNA. The three genes showed essentially similar dependency towards hormones. Prolactin stimulated mRNA accumulation and insulin and cortisol amplified this stimulation. The induction by prolactin was rapid whereas stimulation by insulin was slower. Fragments of rabbit genomic DNA inserted in lambda phage and containing alpha s1-casein, and WAP genes have been cloned. The primary sequence around the CAP site of the three genes has been established. A comparison of the sequences located upstream from the CAP site shows several striking homologies with the corresponding genes from cow, rat and guinea-pig. This suggests that these sequences participate in the transcriptional control of the genes by hormones. The mechanism involved in the transduction of the prolactin message to milk protein genes in unknown. Using mammary explants in culture, several classical mechanisms of transduction have been examined. Phorbol ester, phorbol -12, 13-dibutyrate (PdiBu) inhibited prolactin action. However, another tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), did not alter prolactin action. Kinase C inhibitor H7 did not prevent prolactin action and did not overcome the inhibition by PdiBu. Kinase C is therefore not essential for the transduction of the prolactin message to milk protein gene. Neomycin, which inhibits phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by phosphorylase C, prevented prolactin action, whereas other inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol metabolism remained uneffective. Degradation of phosphatidylinositol is therefore likely not an essential step of prolactin action on milk protein genes. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and phosphatase exhibited a poor capacity to modify the prolactin response. Hence, transduction mechanisms using tyrosine kinase activity likely cannot account for prolactin action.
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Kerboeuf D, Jolivet G. Heligmosomoides polygyrus: time of anthelmintic treatment and infection parameters in mice exposed to increasing doses of larvae. Exp Parasitol 1984; 57:307-15. [PMID: 6723902 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(84)90105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice were multiply infected with increasing doses of Heligmosomoides polygyrus larvae. On Day 9 or on Day 30 after the beginning of infections, an anthelmintic treatment was administered and its effect on reinfections and egg production was studied. The time of treatment was found to be an important factor, since early treatment produced marked resistance to subsequent infection, whereas a similar effect was not observed for the late treatment. Most immunity appeared after a lag time of about 3 weeks following treatment. Mice placed in direct contact with high doses of larvae had massive infections, and large quantities of worm eggs were recovered in the faeces. After larval doses were no longer given, there was a decrease of the worm burden in both treated and untreated animals. Studies of egg laying showed that the increased resistance induced by the treatment was also responsible for a reduced egg production. The relationship between fertility of H. polygyrus females and the size of young parasite populations was positive, but was negative for older populations. The slope of the regression line of this relationship was steeper in treated than in untreated mice. Egg production by a female worm was depressed to a certain extent by the resistance reactions of the host, but did not decrease below a threshold value of 100 eggs per female per day.
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Raynaud JP, Jolivet G. Principles, objectives and methods for the control of the gastro-intestinal parasites of pigs in France. Folia Vet Lat 1976; 6:95-119. [PMID: 793964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic levels are considered in relation to the size of farms and according to the application of anthelminitic programmes and the age groups of the animals. The most common and important parasites in France against which systematic control measures should be taken are Oesophagostomum, Ascaris and Hyostrongylus in pregnant sows, and Oesophagostomum and Ascaris in piglets at weaning and fattening pigs. Strongyloides and Trichuris are found occasionally but could be sometimes important (Mestastrongylus is anexceptional finding). As regards the use of anthelmintics, emphasis is placed on treatment of sows at parturition, or of piglets on transfer to the growing units, with two treatments being given at an interval of 14-21 days. Continuous administration in the food is a complementary solution. Specific treatments for the control of Trichuris and Strongyloides are also examined. In the control of parasites the strict observation of the rules of hygiene is also very effective.
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Guilhon J, Jolivet G, Barnabé R. [Study of the acute toxicity, for sheep, of a new fasciolocide: 3,5-diiodo-3'-chloro-4'-(p-chlorophenoxy)-salicylanilide]. Bull Acad Vet Fr 1971; 44:33-7. [PMID: 5105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Guilhon JF, Jolivet G, Caillier RL. [Action of 3,5-diiodo-3'-chloro-4'-(p-chlorophenoxy)-salicylanilide on immature forms of Fasciola hepatica]. Bull Acad Vet Fr 1970; 43:419-26. [PMID: 5534785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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de Kinkelin P, Besse P, Jolivet G, Tuffery G. [Pathogenic effects of the cercariae of Bucephalus polymorphus (Baer, 1827) (Trematoda, Bucephalidae) on the fish population of Seine basin]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1967; 264:2321-4. [PMID: 4963617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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