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Mou R, Barua S, Prasad AK, Epps TH, Yao KPC. Electrophoretic Deposition as a Versatile Low-Cost Tool to Construct a Synthetic Polymeric Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Anodes: A Model System Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6908-6919. [PMID: 38305735 PMCID: PMC10876055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The cycling of next-generation, high-capacity silicon (Si) anodes capable of 3579 mAh·g-1 is greatly hindered by the instability of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). The large volume changes of Si during (de)lithiation cause continuous cracking of the SEI and its reconstruction, leading to loss of lithium inventory and extensive consumption of electrolyte. The SEI formed in situ during cell cycling is mostly composed of molecular fragments and oligomers, the structure of which is difficult to tailor. In contrast, ex situ formation of a synthetic SEI provides greater flexibility to deposit long-chain, polymeric, and elastomeric components potentially capable of maintaining integrity against the large ∼350% volume expansion of Si while also enabling electronic passivation of the surface for longer cycling and calendar life. Furthermore, polymers are amenable to structural modifications, and the desired elasticity can be targeted by selection of the SEI polymer feedstock. Herein, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is used to apply chitosan as a synthetic SEI on model Si thin film electrodes. Comparison of synthetic SEIs obtained without (Si/Chit) and with CH3COOLi (Si/Chit+CH3COOLi) added during EPD is performed to demonstrate a facile route to tuning of the polymer SEI chemistry. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy reveal that addition of CH3COOLi at EPD assists in conformal deposition of the synthetic SEI. During electrochemical cycling, the Chit+CH3COOLi coating nearly doubles the capacity retention versus the reference bare Si thin film. X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that CH3COOLi caps the -NH2 groups of chitosan through amidation during EPD, which suppresses the catalytic reduction of the electrolyte. The presented approach demonstrates and validates EPD as a low-capital route to achieving and chemistry-tuning synthetic SEIs on Si electrodes. More broadly, the method is a promising avenue toward controlled and tailored polymeric SEIs on various conversion-type electrodes with high particle volumetric expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rownak
J. Mou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sattajit Barua
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ajay K. Prasad
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Koffi P. C. Yao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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2
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Mittal A, Singh A, Buatong J, Saetang J, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharide and Its Derivatives: Potential Candidates as Food Additives and Bioactive Components. Foods 2023; 12:3854. [PMID: 37893747 PMCID: PMC10606384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (CHOS), a depolymerized chitosan, can be prepared via physical, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis, or a combination of these techniques. The superior properties of CHOS have attracted attention as alternative additives or bioactive compounds for various food and biomedical applications. To increase the bioactivities of a CHOS, its derivatives have been prepared via different methods and were characterized using various analytical methods including FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. CHOS derivatives such as carboxylated CHOS, quaternized CHOS, and others showed their potential as potent anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer agents, which could further be used for human health benefits. Moreover, enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivities, especially for a CHOS-polyphenol conjugate, could play a profound role in shelf-life extension and the safety assurance of perishable foods via the inhibition of spoilage microorganisms and pathogens and lipid oxidation. Also, the effectiveness of CHOS derivatives for shelf-life extension can be augmented when used in combination with other preservative technologies. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the production of a CHOS and its derivatives, as well as their potential applications in food as either additives or nutraceuticals. Furthermore, it revisits recent advancements in translational research and in vivo studies on CHOS and its derivatives in the medical-related field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirayu Buatong
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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3
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Surya Teja SP, Damodharan N, Tamilanban T, Subramaniyan V, Chitra V, Chinni SV, Wong LS, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Ramachawolran G, Selvaraj S. Impact of nanocarrier aggregation on EPR-mediated tumor targeting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1222693. [PMID: 37545888 PMCID: PMC10402740 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1222693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of excipients on retaining the particle size of methotrexate (MTX) loaded chitosan nanocarriers (CsNP) during lyophilization, which relates to the ability to enlarge the particle size and target specific areas. The nanocarriers were prepared using the ionic gelation technique with tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. Three lyophilized formulations were used: nanosuspension without Lyoprotectant (NF), with mannitol (NFM), and with sucrose (NFS). The lyophilized powder intended for injection (PI) was examined to assess changes in particle size, product integrity, and comparative biodistribution studies to evaluate targeting ability. After lyophilization, NFS was excluded from in-vivo studies due to the product melt-back phenomenon. The particle size of the NF lyophile significantly increased from 176 nm to 261 nm. In contrast, NFM restricted the nanocarrier size to 194 nm and exhibited excellent cake properties. FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed the transformation of mannitol into a stable β, δ polymorphic form. Biodistribution studies showed that the nanocarriers significantly increased MTX accumulation in tumor tissue (NF = 2.04 ± 0.27; NFM = 2.73 ± 0.19) compared to the marketed PI (1.45 ± 0.25 μg), but this effect was highly dependent on the particle size. Incorporating mannitol yielded positive results in restricting particle size and favoring successful tumor targeting. This study demonstrates the potential of chitosan nanocarriers as promising candidates for targeted tumor drug delivery and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Surya Teja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Damodharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Chitra
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Enright TP, Garcia DL, Storti G, Heindl JE, Sidorenko A. Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Chitosan-Based Comb-like Co-Polypeptides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040243. [PMID: 37103382 PMCID: PMC10143536 DOI: 10.3390/md21040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been named one of the most urgent global health threats due to antimicrobial resistance. Considerable efforts have been made to develop new antibiotic drugs and investigate the mechanism of resistance. Recently, Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs) have served as a paradigm in the design of novel drugs that are active against multidrug-resistant organisms. AMPs are rapid-acting, potent, possess an unusually broad spectrum of activity, and have shown efficacy as topical agents. Unlike traditional therapeutics that interfere with essential bacterial enzymes, AMPs interact with microbial membranes through electrostatic interactions and physically damage cell integrity. However, naturally occurring AMPs have limited selectivity and modest efficacy. Therefore, recent efforts have focused on the development of synthetic AMP analogs with optimal pharmacodynamics and an ideal selectivity profile. Hence, this work explores the development of novel antimicrobial agents which mimic the structure of graft copolymers and mirror the mode of action of AMPs. A family of polymers comprised of chitosan backbone and AMP side chains were synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride of l-lysine and l-leucine. The polymerization was initiated from the functional groups of chitosan. The derivatives with random- and block-copolymer side chains were explored as drug targets. These graft copolymer systems exhibited activity against clinically significant pathogens and disrupted biofilm formation. Our studies highlight the potential of chitosan-graft-polypeptide structures in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Enright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dominic L Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gia Storti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Heindl
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Alexander Sidorenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Pereira AL, Semitela Â, Girão AF, Completo A, Marques PAAP, Guieu S, Fernandes MHV. Three‐dimensional nanofibrous and porous scaffolds of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐chitosan blends for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:950-961. [PMID: 36519714 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the established tissue engineering strategies relies on the fabrication of appropriate materials architectures (scaffolds) that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and assist the regeneration of living tissues. Fibrous structures produced by electrospinning have been widely used as reliable ECM templates but their two-dimensional structure restricts, in part, cell infiltration and proliferation. A recent technique called thermally-induced self-agglomeration (TISA) allowed to alleviate this drawback by rearranging the 2D electrospun membranes into highly functional 3D porous-fibrous systems. Following this trend, the present research focused on preparing polycaprolactone/chitosan blends by electrospinning, to then convert them into 3D structures by TISA. By adding different amounts of chitosan, it was possible to accurately modulate the physicochemical properties of the obtained 3D nanofibrous scaffolds, leading to highly porous constructs with distinct morphologic and mechanical features. Viability and proliferation studies using adult human chondrocytes also revealed that the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was not impaired after 28 days of cell culture, highlighting their potential to be included into musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications, particularly cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Leal Pereira
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ângela Semitela
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - André F. Girão
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - António Completo
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Samuel Guieu
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria Helena V. Fernandes
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
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6
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GBE JLK, Ravi K, Singh M, Neogi S, Grafouté M, Biradar AV. Hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon supported MgO as an excellent composite for CO2 capture at atmospheric pressure and conversion to value-added products. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Abu-Sbeih KA, Al-Mazaideh GM, Al-Zereini WA. Production of medium-sized chitosan oligomers using molecular sieves and their antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Rahayu DP, De Mori A, Yusuf R, Draheim R, Lalatsa A, Roldo M. Enhancing the antibacterial effect of chitosan to combat orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Sorokin AV, Olshannikova SS, Malykhina NV, Sakibaev FA, Holyavka MG, Lavlinskaya MS, Artyukhov VG. Acyl-Modified Water-Soluble Chitosan Derivatives as Carriers for Adsorption Immobilization of Papain. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Pure Chitosan Biomedical Textile Fibers from Mixtures of Low- and High-Molecular Weight Bidisperse Polymer Solutions: Processing and Understanding of Microstructure-Mechanical Properties' Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094767. [PMID: 35563158 PMCID: PMC9105658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, as extracted from biomass, may exhibit large macromolecular polydispersity. We investigated the impact of low molar mass chitosan (LMW, DPw~115) on the properties of chitosan fibers obtained by wet spinning of chitosan solutions with bimodal distributions of molar masses. The fiber crystallinity index (CrI) was assessed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and the mechanical properties were obtained by uniaxial tensile tests. The LMW chitosan showed to slightly increase the crystallinity index in films which were initially processed from the bimodal molar mass chitosan solutions, as a result of increased molecular mobility and possible crystal nucleating effects. Nevertheless, the CrI remained almost constant or slightly decreased in stretched fibers at increasing content of LMW chitosan in the bidisperse chitosan collodion. The ultimate mechanical properties of fibers were altered by the addition of LMW chitosan as a result of a decrease of entanglement density and chain orientation in the solid state. An increase of crystallinity might not be expected from LMW chitosan with a still relatively high degree of polymerization (DPw ≥ 115). Instead, different nucleation agents-either smaller molecules or nanoparticles-should be used to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan fibers for textile applications.
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11
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Secondary Metabolism Rearrangements in Linum usitatissimum L. after Biostimulation of Roots with COS Oligosaccharides from Fungal Cell Wall. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072372. [PMID: 35408773 PMCID: PMC9000297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was exposed to chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) in order to investigate the effects on the growth and secondary metabolites content in roots and shoots. COS are fragments of chitosan released from the fungal cell wall during plant–pathogen interactions. They can be perceived by the plant as pathogen-associated signals, mediating local and systemic innate immune responses. In the present study, we report a novel COS oligosaccharide fraction with a degree of polymerization (DP) range of 2–10, which was produced from fungal chitosan by a thermal degradation method and purified by an alcohol-precipitation process. COS was dissolved in hydroponic medium at two different concentrations (250 and 500 mg/L) and applied to the roots of growing flax seedlings. Our observations indicated that the growth of roots and shoots decreased markedly in COS-treated flax seedlings compared to the control. In addition, the results of a metabolomics analysis showed that COS treatment induced the accumulation of (neo)lignans locally at roots, flavones luteolin C-glycosides, and chlorogenic acid in systemic responses in the shoots of flax seedlings. These phenolic compounds have been previously reported to exhibit a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. COS oligosaccharides, under the conditions applied in this study (high dose treatment with a much longer exposure time), can be used to indirectly trigger metabolic response modifications in planta, especially secondary metabolism, because during fungal pathogen attack, COS oligosaccharides are among the signals exchanged between the pathogen and host plant.
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12
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Karimi-Nazarabad M, Azizi-Toupkanloo H. Functionalization of beet waste by cross-linking to attach amine groups for efficient sorption of reactive black 5 anionic dye. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Preparation, characterization, radical scavenging property and antidiabetic potential of laminarioligosaccharides derived from laminarin. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Harnessing the Antibacterial Properties of Fluoridated Chitosan Polymers against Oral Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030488. [PMID: 35335865 PMCID: PMC8951426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are a worldwide endemic chronic disease affecting people of all ages. Due to the limitations of daily used oral hygiene products, there is an unmet need for new, effective, safe, and economic oral products. We have recently demonstrated that N-(2(2,6-diaminohexanamide)-chitosan (CS3H Lys) has enhanced antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans, the main cariogenic bacterium, and here we investigated the effect of fluoridation of this polymer (CS3H Lys F) on its antibacterial properties and the ability to protect teeth from acid demineralization. We further formulated this polymer into mouthwash preparations and studied their cytocompatibility and physicochemical stability over 6 months. CS3H Lys F was 1.6-fold more effective than the highest tested oral NaF dose in preventing acid demineralization. CS3H Lys F has a 3- to 5-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration value against S. mutants than the values reported for chitosan polymers and showed negligible cell toxicity. The mouthwashes were stable at both 25 and 40 °C. Further work is under way towards other CS3H Lys F oral hygiene products such as a toothpaste.
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Omar BA, Elmasry R, Eita A, Soliman MM, El-Tahan AM, Sitohy M. Upgrading the preparation of high-quality chitosan from Procambarus clarkii wastes over the traditional isolation of shrimp chitosan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:911-919. [PMID: 35197759 PMCID: PMC8848021 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belal A. Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ragab Elmasry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eita
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira N, Lourenço L. Production of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides (COS): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2466. [PMID: 34372068 PMCID: PMC8348454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with high added value, and its properties are related to its molecular weight. Thus, high molecular weight values provide low solubility of chitosan, presenting limitations in its use. Based on this, several studies have developed different hydrolysis methods to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan. Acid hydrolysis is still the most used method to obtain low molecular weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. However, the use of acids can generate environmental impacts. When different methods are combined, gamma radiation and microwave power intensity are the variables that most influence acid hydrolysis. Otherwise, in oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide, a long time is the limiting factor. Thus, it was observed that the most efficient method is the association between the different hydrolysis methods mentioned. However, this alternative can increase the cost of the process. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most studied method due to its environmental advantages and high specificity. However, hydrolysis time and process cost are factors that still limit industrial application. In addition, the enzymatic method has a limited association with other hydrolysis methods due to the sensitivity of the enzymes. Therefore, this article seeks to extensively review the variables that influence the main methods of hydrolysis: acid concentration, radiation intensity, potency, time, temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate ratio, observing their influence on molecular weight, yield, and characteristic of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleidiane Gonçalves
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
- Institute of Health and Animal Production, Amazon Rural Federal University, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Lúcia Lourenço
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
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17
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Sánchez LF, Cánepa J, Kim S, Nakamatsu J. A Simple Approach to Produce Tailor-Made Chitosans with Specific Degrees of Acetylation and Molecular Weights. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152415. [PMID: 34372018 PMCID: PMC8347713 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a structural polysaccharide that is found in crustaceans, insects, fungi and some yeasts. Chitin deacetylation produces chitosan, a well-studied biopolymer with reported chemical and biological properties for diverse potential applications for drug delivery, metal ion absorption, scaffolds and tissue engineering. Most known properties of chitosan have been determined from samples obtained from a variety of sources and in different conditions, this is, from chitosans with a wide range of degrees of N-acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). However, as for any copolymer, the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of chitosan highly depend on their monomer composition (DA) and chain size (MW). This work presents a simple methodology to produce chitosans with specific and predictive DA and MW. Reaction with acetic anhydride proved to be an efficient method to control the acetylation of chitosan, DAs between 10.6% and 50.6% were reproducibly obtained. In addition to this, MWs of chitosan chains were reduced in a controlled manner in two ways, by ultrasound and by acidic hydrolysis at different temperatures, samples with MWs between 130 kDa and 1300 kDa were obtained. DAs were determined by 1H-NMR and MWs by gel permeation chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Felipe Sánchez
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jimmy Cánepa
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru;
| | - Javier Nakamatsu
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Wen B, Xie H, Zhang C, Bai Y, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Advances in the preparation and assessment of the biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides with different structural characteristics. Food Funct 2021; 12:926-951. [PMID: 33434251 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are widely used biopolymers that have been studied in relation to a variety of abnormal biological activities in the food and biomedical fields. Since different COS preparation technologies produce COS compounds with different structural characteristics, it has not yet been possible to determine whether one or more chito-oligomers are primarily responsible for the bioactivity of COSs. The inherent biocompatibility, mucosal adhesion and nontoxic nature of COSs are well documented, as is the fact that they are readily absorbed from the intestinal tract, but their structure-activity relationship requires further investigation. This review summarizes the methods used for COS preparation, and the research findings with regard to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, bacteriostatic and antitumour activity of COSs with different structural characteristics. The correlation between the molecular structure and bioactivities of COSs is described, and new insights into their structure-activity relationship are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Bingjian Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Hongyi Xie
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510310), China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan (528458), China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou (510663), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
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The Kinetics of Chitosan Degradation in Organic Acid Solutions. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050236. [PMID: 33922254 PMCID: PMC8145880 DOI: 10.3390/md19050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study on chitosan degradation in organic acid solutions according to their different dissociation characteristics. More precisely, the aim of the study was to determine the kinetics of the degradation process depending on the different acid dissociation constants (pKa values). The scientists involved in chitosan to date have focused mainly on acetic acid solutions. Solutions of lactic, acetic, malic, and formic acids in concentrations of 3% wt. were used in this research. The progress of degradation was determined based on the intrinsic viscosity measurement, GPC/SEC chromatographic analysis, and their correlation. Changes in the viscosity parameters were performed at a temperature of 20 °C ± 1 °C and a timeframe of up to 168 h (7 days). The chemical structure and DDA of the initial chitosan were analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results of this study can be considered of high importance for the purpose of electrospinning, production of micro- and nano-capsules for drug delivery, and other types of processing. Understanding the influence of the dissociation constant of the solvent on the kinetics of chitosan degradation will allow the selection of an appropriate medium, ensuring an effective and stable spinning process, in which the occurrence of polymer degradation is unfavorable.
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Effective Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 onto Hybrid Hexadecylamine Impregnated Chitosan-Powdered Activated Carbon Beads. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12082242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hexadecylamine (HDA) impregnated chitosan-powder activated carbon (Ct-PAC) composite beads were successfully prepared and applied to adsorption of the anionic dye reactive black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solution. The Ct-PAC-HDA beads synthesized with 0.2 g powdered activated carbon (PAC) and 0.04 g HDA showed the highest dye removal efficiency. The prepared beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various adsorption parameters, i.e., adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time, which affect the adsorption performance, were studied in a series of batch experiments. The obtained adsorption data were found to be better represented by Freundlich (R2 = 0.994) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.994) models. Moreover, it was ascertained that the adsorption of RB5 onto Ct-PAC-HDA beads is pH-dependent, and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (666.97 mg/g) was observed at pH 4. It was also proved that Ct-PAC-HDA beads were regenerable for repeated use in the adsorption process.
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21
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Deng W, Tang S, Zhou X, Liu Y, Liu S, Luo J. Honeycomb-like structure-tunable chitosan-based porous carbon microspheres for methylene blue efficient removal. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116736. [PMID: 32829856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) can be used for the preparation of carbon materials with different morphologies due to its excellent properties, but there are no reports on its spherical morphology. In this study, a feasible step-by-step strategy was proposed to fabricate nitrogen-containing chitosan-based porous carbon microspheres (CPCM) in HCl and KOH. The unique spherical morphology and honeycomb-like porous structure of CPCM were accurately regulated. A great quantity of micro/mesopores endowed CPCM an ultra-high specific surface area up to 2463.9 m2 g-1. Moreover, CPCM exhibited an ultra-high maximum adsorption capacity up to 1599.03 mg g-1 for methylene blue (MB), meanwhile the adsorption process was in well agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was simultaneously a favorable reusable adsorbent with high regenerative capacity. The high dye adsorption properties suggest that chitosan can be a promising candidate for sewage treatment in the form of carbon microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Deng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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22
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Allison CL, Lutzke A, Reynolds MM. Identification of low molecular weight degradation products from chitin and chitosan by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 2020; 493:108046. [PMID: 32497941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects provided by chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) make them of interest in medical research. The monomers that constitute COS confer distinct properties, so controlling COS composition during their production is significant. In this work, we degraded chitin and chitosan polymers and identified low molecular weight products such as COS that formed, using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results show that hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrous acid generate distinct products from chitin and chitosan. Hydrochloric acid degrades chitin and chitosan to produce glucosamine (GlcN) monomers and oligomers. Hydrogen peroxide degrades chitosan to produce GlcN and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers and oligomers, and nitrous acid degrades chitosan to produce 2,5-anhydro- d-mannose. Our studies show that COS composition is dictated by both the degradation protocol and the starting polymer. Additionally, our results enable selection of degradation protocols based on their ability to degrade chitin and chitosan and facilitate the production of COS with desired compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
| | - Alec Lutzke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
| | - Melissa M Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1376 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
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23
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Guerrero-Alburquerque N, Zhao S, Adilien N, Koebel MM, Lattuada M, Malfait WJ. Strong, Machinable, and Insulating Chitosan-Urea Aerogels: Toward Ambient Pressure Drying of Biopolymer Aerogel Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22037-22049. [PMID: 32302092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer aerogels are an emerging class of materials with potential applications in drug delivery, thermal insulation, separation, and filtration. Chitosan is of particular interest as a sustainable, biocompatible, and abundant raw material. Here, we present urea-modified chitosan aerogels with a high surface area and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The irreversible gelation of an acidic chitosan solution is triggered by the thermal decomposition of urea at 80 °C through an increase in pH and, more importantly, the formation of abundant ureido terminal groups. The hydrogels are dried using either supercritical CO2 drying (SCD) or ambient pressure drying (APD) methods to elucidate the influence of the drying process on the final aerogel properties. The hydrogels are exchanged into ethanol prior to SCD, and into ethanol and then heptane prior to APD. The surface chemistry and microstructure are monitored by solid-state NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption. Surprisingly, large monolithic aerogel plates (70 × 70 mm2) can be produced by APD, albeit at a somewhat higher density (0.17-0.42 g/cm3). The as prepared aerogels have thermal conductivities of ∼24 and ∼31 mW/(m·K) and surface areas of 160-170 and 85-230 m2/g, for SCD and APD, respectively. For a primarily biopolymer-based material, these aerogels are exceptionally stable at elevated temperature (TGA) and char and self-extinguish after direct flame exposure. The urea-modified chitosan aerogels display superior mechanical properties compared to traditional silica aerogels, with no brittle rupture up to at least 80% strain, and depending on the chitosan concentration, relatively high E-moduli (1.0-11.6 MPa), and stress at 80% strain values (σ80 of 3.5-17.9 MPa). Remarkably, the aerogel monoliths can be shaped and machined with standard tools, for example, drilling and sawing. This first demonstration to produce monolithic and machinable, mesoporous aerogels from bio-sourced, renewable, and nontoxic precursors, combined with the potential for reduced production cost by means of simple APD, opens up new opportunities for biopolymer aerogel applications and marks an important step toward commercialization of biopolymer aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M Koebel
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wim J Malfait
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Michailidou G, Ainali NM, Xanthopoulou E, Nanaki S, Kostoglou M, Koukaras EN, Bikiaris DN. Effect of Poly(vinyl alcohol) on Nanoencapsulation of Budesonide in Chitosan Nanoparticles via Ionic Gelation and Its Improved Bioavailability. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051101. [PMID: 32408557 PMCID: PMC7285374 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a polymer extensively used in drug delivery formulations mainly due to its biocompatibility and low toxicity. In the present study, chitosan was used for nanoencapsulation of a budesonide (BUD) drug via the well-established ionic gelation technique and a slight modification of it, using also poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a surfactant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that spherical nanoparticles were successfully prepared with average sizes range between 363 and 543 nm, as were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while zeta potential verified their positive charged surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that BUD was encapsulated in crystalline state in nanoparticles but with a lower degree of crystallinity than the neat drug, which was also proven by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and melting peak measurements. This could be attributed to interactions that take place between BUD and CS, which were revealed by FTIR and by an extended computational study. An in vitro release study of budesonide showed a slight enhancement in the BUD dissolution profile, compared to the neat drug. However, drug release was substantially increased by introducing PVA during the nanoencapsulation procedure, which is attributed to the higher amorphization of BUD on these nanoparticles. The release curves were analyzed using a diffusion model that allows estimation of BUD diffusivity in the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.); (S.N.)
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.); (S.N.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.); (S.N.)
| | - Stavroula Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.); (S.N.)
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997812; Fax: +30-2310-997667
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Lugovitskaya TN, Zudina IV, Shipovskaya AB. Obtaining and Properties of L-Aspartic Acid Solutions of Chitosan. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Production of low molecular weight chitosan by acid and oxidative pathways: Effect on physicochemical properties. Food Res Int 2019; 123:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Chandrasekharan A, Hwang YJ, Seong KY, Park S, Kim S, Yang SY. Acid-Treated Water-Soluble Chitosan Suitable for Microneedle-Assisted Intracutaneous Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E209. [PMID: 31052596 PMCID: PMC6572209 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has been widely used as a nature-derived polymeric biomaterial due to its high biocompatibility and abundance. However, poor solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH and multiple fabrication steps for the molding process limit its application to microneedle technology as a drug delivery carrier. Here, we present a facile method to prepare water-soluble chitosan and its application for sustained transdermal drug delivery. The water-soluble chitosan was prepared by acid hydrolysis using trifluoroacetic acid followed by dialysis in 0.1 M NaCl solutions. We successfully fabricated bullet-shaped microneedle (MN) arrays by the single molding process with neutral aqueous chitosan solutions (pH 6.0). The chitosan MN showed sufficient mechanical properties for skin insertion and, interestingly, exhibited slow dissolving behavior in wet conditions, possibly resulting from a physical crosslinking of chitosan chains. Chitosan MN patches loading rhodamine B, a model hydrophilic drug, showed prolonged release kinetics in the course of the dissolving process for more than 72 h and they were found to be biocompatible to use. Since the water-soluble chitosan can be used for MN fabrication in the mild conditions (neutral pH and 25 °C) required for the loading of bioactive agents such as proteins and achieve a prolonged release, this biocompatible chitosan MN would be suitable for sustained transdermal drug delivery of a diverse range of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeesh Chandrasekharan
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
| | - Young Jun Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
- SNvia Co., Ltd, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Keum-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
| | | | - Sodam Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
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28
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Optical enzymatic biosensor membrane for rapid in situ detection of organohalide in water samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Today, chitosan (CS) is probably considered as a biofunctional polysaccharide with the most notable growth and potential for applications in various fields. The progress in chitin chemistry and the need to replace additives and non-natural polymers with functional natural-based polymers have opened many new opportunities for CS and its derivatives. Thanks to the specific reactive groups of CS and easy chemical modifications, a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties can be obtained from this ubiquitous polysaccharide that is composed of β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose repeating units. This review is presented to share insights into multiple native/modified CSs and chitooligosaccharides (COS) associated with their functional properties. An overview will be given on bioadhesive applications, antimicrobial activities, adsorption, and chelation in the wine industry, as well as developments in medical fields or biodegradability.
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30
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Saeed A, Haider A, Zahid S, Khan SA, Faryal R, Kaleem M. In-vitro antifungal efficacy of tissue conditioner-chitosan composites as potential treatment therapy for denture stomatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:761-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This work reports the study of chitosan depolymerization through the synergy of the Celuzyme® XB enzyme complex; it is composed of cellulase, xylanase, andβ-glucanase. The optimal conditions of temperature, pH, and concentration were determined to verify the depolymerization reaction. The specificity of the enzymes at theβ(1-4) glycosidic link site was checked. Low molecular weight chitosan (64 × 103 g·mol−1) with degree of acetylation 15% was obtained. The depolymerized chitosan products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, the degree of acetylation was obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the determination of the molecular weight was obtained by capillary viscosimetry. With the depolymerized chitosan, membranes were formed and their antioxidant and antimicrobial functionality was determined; results show that these properties are dependent on the molecular weight and on the acetylation degree of chitosan.
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32
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Sessarego S, Rodrigues SCG, Xiao Y, Lu Q, Hill JM. Phosphonium-enhanced chitosan for Cr(VI) adsorption in wastewater treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:249-256. [PMID: 30824086 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption is a commonly used method for industrial wastewater treatment because of its low-cost, easy operation and high efficiency. In this work, chitosan was crosslinked and functionalized with a low-cost phosphonium salt, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS), to enhance its adsorption capacity for Cr(VI). The novel phosphonium-crosslinked chitosan (PCC) was characterized using elemental analysis, XRF, FTIR, NMR and SEM-EDX. At pH 6, PCC had a higher Langmuir equilibrium constant than the unmodified chitosan (0.19 ± 0.02 L mg-1 versus 0.0044 ± 0.0005 L mg-1) and PCC demonstrated higher adsorption capacity than chitosan at equilibrium Cr(VI) concentrations below 120 mg L-1. Additionally, magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride was shown to desorb Cr(VI) and recycle PCC. When treated with THPS, chitosan is activated for Cr(VI) adsorption at pH 6; therefore, PCC can be used in wastewater treatment over a wider pH range than chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sessarego
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Simone C G Rodrigues
- IFPI - Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piaui., BR-402, Km 3, s/n Parnaiba-PI, 65215-000, Brazil.
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Josephine M Hill
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Gao R, Mitra RN, Zheng M, Wang K, Dahringer JC, Han Z. Developing Nanoceria-Based pH-Dependent Cancer-Directed Drug Delivery System for Retinoblastoma. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1806248. [PMID: 32699541 PMCID: PMC7375362 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of a single combinatorial nano-platform technology to target cancer cells has been an unprecedented reality in boosting synergistic anti-tumor activities and in reducing off-target effects. We have designed a novel anti-tumor delivery system using a chemotherapy drug and a tumor target molecule covalently linked to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria). Nanoceria have a unique redox activity in that they possess antioxidant activity at physiological pH but have an intrinsic oxidase activity at acidic pH. Our system is integrated with (1) extracellular pH responsive functionality, (2) tumor cell targetable (CXC chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4 receptor specific) antagonist, (3) reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducible nanoceria, and (4) chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX). These combinatorial nanoparticles (AMD-GCCNPs-DOX) are not only sensitive to the extracellular acidic pH conditions and targeted tumor cells but can also instantaneously induce ROS and release DOX intracellularly to enhance the chemotherapeutic activity in retinoblastoma cells (WERI-Rb-1 and Y79) and in xenograft (Y79/GFP-luc grafted) and genetic p107s (Rb Lox/lox , p107 +/- , p130 -/- ) orthotopic mice models. Together we introduce a lucidly engineered combinatorial nano-construct that offers a viable and simple strategy for delivering a cocktail of therapeutics into tumor cells under acidosis, exhibiting a promising new future for clinical therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, China 100050
| | - Rajendra Narayan Mitra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Jesse Christine Dahringer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, 2208 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
- Carolina Institute for NanoMedicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
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Li P, Linhardt RJ, Cao Z. Structural Characterization of Oligochitosan Elicitor from Fusarium sambucinum and Its Elicitation of Defensive Responses in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2076. [PMID: 27973408 PMCID: PMC5187876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharide elicitors from pathogens have been shown to play major roles in host plant defense responses involving plant-pathogen chemoperception and interaction. In the present study, chitosan and oligochitosan were prepared from pathogen Fusarium sambucinum, and their effects on infection of Zanthoxylum bungeanum stems were investigated. Results showed that oligochitosan inhibited the infection of the pathogen, and that the oligochitosan fraction with a degree of polymerization (DP) between 5 and 6 showed the optimal effect. Oligochitosan DP5 was purified from fraction DP5-6 and was structurally characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Oligochitosan DP5 showed significant inhibition against the infection of the pathogenic fungi on host plant stems. An investigation of the mechanism underlying this effect showed that oligochitosan DP5 increased the activities of defensive enzymes and accumulation of phenolics in host Z. bungeanum. These results suggest that oligochitosan from pathogenic fungi can mediate the infection of host plants with a pathogen by acting as an elicitor that triggers the defense system of a plant. This information will be valuable for further exploration of the interactions between the pathogen F. sambucinum and host plant Z. bungeanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqin Li
- Department of Forest Pathology, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Zhimin Cao
- Department of Forest Pathology, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Krishnan R, Deshmukh P, Agarwal S, Purohit P, Dhoble D, Waske P, Khandekar D, Jain R, Dandekar P. Proton play in the formation of low molecular weight chitosan (LWCS) by hydrolyzing chitosan with a carbon based solid acid. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:417-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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A proteomic view to characterize the effect of chitosan nanoparticle to hepatic cells: is chitosan nanoparticle an enhancer of PI3K/AKT1/mTOR pathway? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:789591. [PMID: 24757677 PMCID: PMC3976794 DOI: 10.1155/2014/789591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticle, a biocompatible material, was used as a potential drug delivery system widely. Our current investigation studies were the bioeffects of the chitosan nanoparticle uptake by liver cells. In this experiment, the characterizations of chitosan nanoparticles were measured by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer. The average size of the chitosan nanoparticle was 224.6 ± 11.2 nm, and the average zeta potential was +14.08 ± 0.7 mV. Moreover, using proteomic approaches to analyze the differential protein expression patterns resulted from the chitosan nanoparticle uptaken by HepG2 and CCL-13 cells identified several proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR pathway. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the chitosan nanoparticle may involve in the liver cancer cell metastasis and proliferation.
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