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Hui CW, Wu WC, Leung SO. Interleukins 4 and 21 Protect Anti-IgM Induced Cell Death in Ramos B Cells: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919854. [PMID: 35911775 PMCID: PMC9326153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins 4 (IL-4) and 21 (IL-21) belong to the common gamma chain cytokine family which are highly involved in the progression of autoimmune diseases. While IL-4 is well known to be involved in the suppression of apoptosis of autoreactive B cells, the role played by IL-21 remains unclear. In the current study, we activated the human Burkitt’s lymphoma Ramos B cells with anti-IgM to mimic B cell hyperactivation observed in patients of autoimmune diseases. Consistent with other reported findings, anti-IgM led to the downregulation of proteins involved in B cell survival and proliferation, as well as the activation of caspase 3 activity and DNA damage, resulting in apoptotic cell death after 48-hour treatment. Although both IL-4 and IL-21 reversed anti-IgM-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, they did so via different mechanisms: while IL-4 could directly suppress anti-IgM-induced caspase 3 activation and marker indicative of DNA damage, IL-21 could induce B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-IgM. Importantly, IL-21 also suppressed activation induced cell death in human primary B cells. Pre-treatment with clinically validated JAK inhibitors completely reversed the effects of IL-4 and IL-21 to rescue anti-IgM induced cell death and DNA damage. The results indicate the underlying mechanisms of how IL-4 and IL-21 differentially promote survival of hyperactivated B cells and provide hints to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Sutkowska K, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Kowalewska E, Matowicka-Karna J. Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, -23, TNF-α) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042106. [PMID: 35216226 PMCID: PMC8878005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducted studies highlight that a mixture of genetic and environmental factors is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. This study aimed to analyze the available literature for the relationship between, on the one hand, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proinflammatory cytokines genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and on the other hand, RA susceptibility, severity, and patients' response to applied treatment. The PubMed database was searched for sources. Preference was given to articles which were published within the past 20 years. Data indicate that the relationship between selected SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to developing RA is inconclusive, and it depends on the ethnicity of the population. Although the allelic and genotypic frequencies of many SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes analyzed did not differ between RA patients and healthy controls, deeper analysis showed that these polymorphisms have a relationship with clinicopathological features of RA. SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes also "modify patients' response" to applied treatment. Further studies, on larger cohorts of subjects and in different populations, should be conducted to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and TNF-α genes in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Sutkowska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Kowalewska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
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Iwaszko M, Biały S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113000. [PMID: 34831223 PMCID: PMC8616130 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.
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Shao M, Xie H, Yang H, Xu W, Chen Y, Gao X, Guan S, Xu S, Shuai Z, Pan F. Association of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:411-419. [PMID: 34494214 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174G/C (rs1800795) and IL-6 -572G/C (rs1800796) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the risk of acquiring rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was inconsistent among previous studies. This paper aims to investigate the association between IL-6 promoter polymorphism with RA in different ethnics. METHODS Relevant studies were searched using Medline and Google Search engines; STATA software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate the potential genetic associations. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Lastly, we used TSA (trial sequential analysis) software to verify the reliability of meta-analysis results. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included, involving 8116 subjects (3820 RA patients and 4296 controls). We found a tendency to associate RA with the IL-6 -174G/C allele in Asians (C vs G: OR = 4.56, 95% CI = 1.85-11.23; P < 0.001); with IL-6 -572G/C genotype or allele frequencies, there was no statistical differences between RA patients and controls (P > 0.05). TSA results indicate that the current meta-analysis can draw conclusions. CONCLUSIONS IL-6-174G/C gene polymorphism were associated with increased risk of RA in Asians, but not in Caucasians. There was no association between IL-6 -572G/C gene polymorphism and the risk of RA. Key Points • Although the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter polymorphism and rheumatic arthritis (RA) has been discussed in the previous meta-analysis, their conclusions are inconsistent. • In this study, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was introduced into the meta-analysis, and the following two important conclusions were confirmed: (1) IL-6-174G/C gene polymorphism was associated with increased risk of RA in Asians, but not in Caucasians. (2) There was no association between IL-6 -572G/C gene polymorphism and the risk of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyang Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in Turkish population. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7:563-571. [PMID: 33381695 PMCID: PMC7754868 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.70845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Various cytokine polymorphisms have been associated with genetic risk factors predisposing to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in different populations. To predict the clinical outcome as well as response to therapy in RA, studies aimed to describe genetic markers. The present study aims to search for polymorphisms of 13 cytokine coding genes in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. METHODS: DNAs of 49 patients and 96 healthy bone marrow and kidney donors were isolated from peripheral blood samples. Genotyping was performed using the Heidelberg Cytokine Typing Tray kit. PCR products were visualized on an agarose gel, and results were analyzed using the interpretation scheme provided with the kit. Arlequin 3.5 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No positive association was found between allele frequencies and the disease. However, a negative association was found for the IL-A -889 C allele (p=0.02, OR=0.533, Wald’s 95% CI=0.318–0.893). IL-12 -1188 CC (p=0.01, OR=3.667, Wald’s 95% CI=1.246–10.786), IL-4 -1098 GT (p=0.02, OR=2.405, Wald’s 95% CI=1.129–5.125) genotypes were found positively associated with the RA, while IL-4 -590 CT (p=0.02, OR=0.422, Wald’s 95% CI=0.201–0.886) was found negatively associated with the disease. In addition, IL-6 GG haplotype was found positively associated with the RA (p=0.02, OR=1.880, Wald’s 95% CI=1.086–3.254). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that some polymorphisms of the IL-1A, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 could be responsible for the susceptibility or protective to RA in our study population. Multi-centered and large numbers of subjects containing studies that search for cytokine polymorphisms will gather more information regarding the susceptibility to RA of Turkish patients.
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Association between interleukin-21 gene rs6822844 polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190110. [PMID: 31366568 PMCID: PMC6695501 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial results concerning the association between a polymorphism rs6822844 in the interleukin (IL) 21 (IL-21) gene and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have existed. A meta-analysis to confirm above relationships is necessary to be performed immediately. We conducted a search in the PubMed database, covering all papers published up to 20 October 2018. Overall, six case–control studies with 3244 cases and 3431 healthy controls were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of this association. Publication bias was assessed with both Egger’s and Begg’s tests. After calculation, we found that IL-21 rs6822844 polymorphism could decrease RA risk in overall genetic models (allelic contrast: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.97, P=0.024; TG versus GG: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.92, P=0.013, and dominant genetic model: OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.94, P=0.016). Similarly, stratified analysis by race, source of control, significantly decreased association was found in Asians, Caucasians and hospital-based (HB) control source. Finally, in the subgroup analysis of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, poorly decreased relationship was detected between IL-21 rs6822844 polymorphism and RF negative and ACPA positive RA risk, respectively. No obvious evidence of publication bias was detected in overall analysis. In summary, our study indicated that IL-21 rs6822844 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased RA susceptibility.
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The relationship between 174 G/C and -572 G/C of IL-6 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of celiac disease in the Iranian population. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2018; 13:293-298. [PMID: 30581503 PMCID: PMC6300853 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2018.79808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder. Different
immunological factors, including inflammatory cytokines, may play an important role in
disease susceptibility. Aim To investigate the relationship between -174G/C and -572G/C gene polymorphisms and the
serum level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and susceptibility to CD in the Iranian
population. Material and methods In this case-control study blood samples were collected of 105 patients with CD and 106
healthy subjects randomly in 2016 and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction
fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. A sequence was also used to confirm the
results of both polymorphisms. The IL-6 concentration was measured using ELISA. Results The results showed a significant relationship between polymorphism -572G in CD patients
when compared with control subjects by genotype (p = 0.001) and alleles
(p = 0.022), respectively. There was no significant relationship
between polymorphism 174G and frequency of genotype, but an association of this
polymorphism with the frequency of alleles (p = 0.034), age
(p = 0.001), and body mass index (p = 0.003) was
seen. The serum level of interleukin-6 was significantly associated only with rs1800796
(p < 0.001). Conclusions The results confirm previous studies in different parts of the world and indicate that
IL-6 (572G/C) polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to CD in the Iranian
population.
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Takahashi N, Saitoh T, Gotoh N, Nitta Y, Alkebsi L, Kasamatsu T, Minato Y, Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Handa H, Murakami H. The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:26. [PMID: 28511637 PMCID: PMC5434613 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) polarization in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) has been reported at the protein and mRNA levels. We evaluated the impact of Th1/Th2 cytokine and cytokine receptor functional polymorphisms on both susceptibility to, and severity of, cITP. We analysed IFN-γ + 874 T/A, IFN-γR -611G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, and IL-4Rα Q576R polymorphisms in 126 cITP patients (male/female: 34/92; median age: 47.7 years) and 202 healthy control donors. Genotyping was determined by PCR and direct sequencing. The Th1/Th2 ratio was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via flow cytometry. RESULTS cITP patients had a higher frequency of the IL-4Rα 576 non-QQ genotype compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.04). cITP patients with the IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) showed more severe thrombocytopenia than those with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). cITP patients had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio than control patients (P < 0.01); this ratio was inversely correlated with platelet counts. Furthermore, patients with both IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) and IFN-γR -611 non-AA genotype (high-function type) had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1-Th2 Balance/genetics
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Young Adult
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nitta
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Lobna Alkebsi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
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Dar SA, Haque S, Mandal RK, Singh T, Wahid M, Jawed A, Panda AK, Akhter N, Lohani M, Areeshi MY, Rai G, Datt S, Bhattacharya SN, Ramachandran VG, Das S. Interleukin-6-174G > C (rs1800795) polymorphism distribution and its association with rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity 2016; 50:158-169. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1261833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Raju Kumar Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Taru Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Aditya K. Panda
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India,
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia, and
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mohammed Yahya Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Shyama Datt
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Sambit Nath Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
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10
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Amr K, El-Awady R, Raslan H. Assessment of the -174G/C (rs1800795) and -572G/C (rs1800796) Interleukin 6 Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:574-577. [PMID: 28028393 PMCID: PMC5175501 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to investigate genotype and allele frequencies of −174 (rs1800795) and −572 (rs1800796) IL-6 promoter gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison to control group. METHODS: The study was conducted on 198 Egyptian subjects (99 RA patients and 99 healthy control). The promoter region of the IL-6 gene was amplified by PCR using DNAs from patients and the controls, and their PCR products were digested by suitable enzymes. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in −572G/C genotype (P = 0.177) or allele (P = 0.147) frequencies between RA patients and controls. Significant differences were observed in −174G/C genotype (P < 0.001) and allele (P < 0.001) frequencies between RA patients and controls. CONCLUSION: A significant association of IL-6 −174G/C gene polymorphism and RA in Egyptian population was found with significantly higher frequencies of GC and CC genotypes and C allele in RA patients compared to controls. No association was found between IL-6 −572G/C gene polymorphism and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalda Amr
- National Research Center, Internal Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab El-Awady
- Al-Azhar University Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Raslan
- National Research Center, Internal Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Li B, Xiao Y, Xing D, Ma XL, Liu J. Circulating interleukin-6 and rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3855. [PMID: 27281095 PMCID: PMC4907673 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a pleiotropic cytokine, has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenisis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether this association is causal or not remains unclear, because of the multifactorial role of IL-6 and related confounding factors. We aimed to evaluate the causal relevance between circulating IL-6 levels and the risk of RA through meta-analytical Mendelian randomization approach. IL-6 gene -174G/C variant was selected as an instrument in this Mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Article identification and data collection were conducted in duplicate and independently by 2 authors. The STATA software was used for data analysis. In total, 15 and 5 articles on the association of the -174G/C variant with RA risk and circulating IL-6 level, respectively, were included. The overall analysis showed that C allelic and GC+CC genotype were significantly with 1.59-fold (95% CI: 1.19-2.14) and 1.63-fold (95% CI: 1.17-2.26) increased risk of developing RA, respectively. Asian populations showed stronger association with 4.55-fold (95% CI: 1.62-12.75), 1.84-fold (95% CI: 1.13-2.99), and 4.69-fold (95% CI: 1.68-13.14) increased RA risk in carriers of -174C allelic, CC, and GC+CC genotype, respectively. Carriers of GC+CC genotype showed significant reduction in the circulating IL-6 level compared with GG carriers (WMD = -0.77; 95% CI: -1.16 to -0.38; P = 0.000) in overall populations. Mendelian randomization presented 6% and 22% increased risk of RA with 0.1 pg/mL reduction of circulating IL-6 level in overall and Asian populations, respectively. This Mendelian randomization meta-analysis demonstrated that the long-term genetically reduced circulating IL-6 level might be causally related to a higher risk of RA, especially in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- ∗Correspondence: Jun Liu, Joint Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China (e-mail: )
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Park HK, Kim SK, Kweon HY, Lee KG, Arasu MV, Kim YO. Promoter polymorphism (-590, T/C) of interleukin 4 ( IL4) gene is associated with rheumatoid arthritis: An updated meta-analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:444-449. [PMID: 28149185 PMCID: PMC5272927 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease. It causes chronic inflammation of the joint. Recent studies suggested that interleukin 4 (IL4) contributes to susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Especially, it was reported that promoter polymorphism (-590, T/C) of IL4 gene has been associated with susceptibility of RA. The aim of present study was to investigate whether the promoter polymorphism (-590, T/C) of IL4 gene is associated with the susceptibility of RA using meta-analysis. And in order to perform meta-analysis, comprehensive meta analysis program was used. Genetic models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and allele) were used to determine odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values. Nine case-control studies with case and control design were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, meta-analysis revealed a strong association with susceptibility of RA [OR = 1.303, 95% CI = 1.093-1.554, P = 0.003 in allele model (C vs. T); OR = 1.247, 95% CI = 1.054-1.474, P = 0.010 in dominant model (CC vs. CT + TT); OR = 2.148, 95% CI = 1.263-3.651, P = 0.005 in recessive model (CC + CT vs. TT)]. Our data demonstrated that promoter polymorphism (-590, T/C) of IL4 gene may be contributed to susceptibility of RA. However, more studies with a larger sample size are needed to provide more precise evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05728, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yong Kweon
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Gill Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
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MUTYH Gene Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:893796. [PMID: 26273655 PMCID: PMC4530216 DOI: 10.1155/2015/893796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MUTYH glycosylase involved in DNA repair pathways may be associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the association between polymorphisms in the MUTYH gene and RA was evaluated. METHODS We recruited 192 RA patients and 192 healthy subjects in Taiwan. The 4 MUTYH polymorphisms (rs3219463, rs3219476, rs3219489, and rs3219493) were detected and haplotype analysis was performed using the Bayesian method. The genotype and allelic frequency distributions of the polymorphisms in both RA patients and healthy patients were compared by the chi-square test. RESULTS Comparison of the genotype/allele frequencies between individuals with RA and the control groups revealed significant differences in 2 MUTYH gene polymorphisms, rs3219463 and rs3219476. After we performed a haplotype-specific analysis, the haplotypes Ht6-GTGC and Ht8-GGCG had lower presenting rates in RA patients than in the control groups. Furthermore, the genotype frequency of rs3219463 G/ was significantly increased among patients with immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factors, whereas that of rs3219476 was not. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the rs3219463 and rs3219476 polymorphisms in RA patients from a Taiwan Chinese population were associated with disease susceptibility. These data indicate that the MUTYH gene may play a role in the progression of RA.
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