1
|
Tarik M, Ramakrishnan L, Sinha S, Sachdev HPS, Tandon N, Roy A, Bhargava SK. The Relationship of Birth Size and Postnatal Growth with Cellular Senescence in Adults: Data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:49-55. [PMID: 35704216 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of birth size and postnatal body mass index (BMI) gain from birth to adulthood on leucocytes cellular senescence in adult life. METHODS Participants were aged 43.04 (± 0.92) y, and were enrolled from the New Delhi Birth Cohort study, who participated in phase 7 of the study (n = 210). Cellular senescence markers, p16 and p21 gene expression were determined by RT-qPCR in leucocytes and their association with birth size and conditional BMI gain at 2, 11, and 29 y were assessed in univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS Birth weight (regression coefficient; B = -0.087, p = 0.011) and birth BMI (unadjusted B = -0.024, p = 0.026; adjusted B = -0.032, p = 0.022) were inversely associated with p21 gene expression in adult life. The p16 gene expression was not associated with any birth parameters. Conditional BMI gain at 2 y, 11 y, and 29 y was not associated with either p16 or p21 gene expression. The p21 gene expression was inversely associated with circulating insulin (B = -0.065, p = 0.026) and C-peptide levels (unadjusted B = -0.097, p = 0.014; adjusted B = -0.133, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Small size at birth is associated with accelerated cellular senescence in adult life. An altered senescent state is likely to be one of the links between LBW and adult chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Tarik
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Sikha Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - H P S Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Tang G, Duan F, Zeng C, Gong J, Chen Y, Tan H. MiR-17-5p Inhibits TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway and Suppresses Pancreatic β-Cell Pyroptosis in Diabetic Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768029. [PMID: 34881312 PMCID: PMC8645844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive inflammatory metabolic disease with pancreatic β-cells dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate whether miR-17-5p plays a protective effect on pancreatic β-cells function in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice and dissect the underlying mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, DM, DM + Lentivirus negative control (LV-NC), and DM + Lenti-OE™ miR-17-5p (LV-miR-17-5) groups. DM was established by feeding a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance in circulation were measured. Meanwhile, the activation of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, pancreas pyroptosis, and the expression of miR-17-5p and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) were detected in the pancreas of DM mice. Pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 subjected to different concentrations of glucose was used in in vitro experiments. Results: Compared with control mice, glucose tolerance deficit, elevated blood glucose level, and decreased pancreatic islet size, were presented in DM mice, which was associated with a downregulation of miR-17-5p. Importantly, exogenous miR-17-5p alleviated pancreas injury, and consequently improved glucose tolerance and decreased blood glucose in DM mice. In vitro experiments showed that high glucose decreased miR-17-5p expression and impaired insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Mechanistically, miR-17-5p inhibited the expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and thus decreased pancreatic β-cell pyroptosis. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that miR-17-5p improves glucose tolerance, and pancreatic β-cell function and inhibits TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related pyroptosis in DM mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klimontov VV, Saik OV, Korbut AI. Glucose Variability: How Does It Work? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157783. [PMID: 34360550 PMCID: PMC8346105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton I. Korbut
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benáková Š, Holendová B, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells: From Development to Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040526. [PMID: 33801681 PMCID: PMC8065646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox status is a key determinant in the fate of β-cell. These cells are not primarily detoxifying and thus do not possess extensive antioxidant defense machinery. However, they show a wide range of redox regulating proteins, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins or thioredoxin reductases, etc., being functionally compartmentalized within the cells. They keep fragile redox homeostasis and serve as messengers and amplifiers of redox signaling. β-cells require proper redox signaling already in cell ontogenesis during the development of mature β-cells from their progenitors. We bring details about redox-regulated signaling pathways and transcription factors being essential for proper differentiation and maturation of functional β-cells and their proliferation and insulin expression/maturation. We briefly highlight the targets of redox signaling in the insulin secretory pathway and focus more on possible targets of extracellular redox signaling through secreted thioredoxin1 and thioredoxin reductase1. Tuned redox homeostasis can switch upon chronic pathological insults towards the dysfunction of β-cells and to glucose intolerance. These are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to chronic nutritional overload being nowadays a pandemic feature of lifestyle. Overcharged β-cell metabolism causes pressure on proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum, mainly due to increased demand on insulin synthesis, which establishes unfolded protein response and insulin misfolding along with excessive hydrogen peroxide production. This together with redox dysbalance in cytoplasm and mitochondria due to enhanced nutritional pressure impact β-cell redox homeostasis and establish prooxidative metabolism. This can further affect β-cell communication in pancreatic islets through gap junctions. In parallel, peripheral tissues losing insulin sensitivity and overall impairment of glucose tolerance and gut microbiota establish local proinflammatory signaling and later systemic metainflammation, i.e., low chronic inflammation prooxidative properties, which target β-cells leading to their dedifferentiation, dysfunction and eventually cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Štěpánka Benáková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sutkowska E, Ostrowska M, Sutkowska M. Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome as Part of Pre-Clinical LADA. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1557-1561. [PMID: 33859486 PMCID: PMC8043793 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia presents relatively typical symptoms. However, when it occurs spontaneously - like in insulin autoimmune syndrome - it is difficult to perform scheduled biochemical tests at the laboratory. The study presents the case of a 31-year-old Caucasian female whose recurrent hypoglycemia symptoms were the reason for further diagnostics. The final results revealed a positive test for insulin autoantibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody. Therefore, not only the potential causes of hypoglycemia but also an active autoimmune process typical for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults were confirmed. It was concluded that autoimmune hypoglycemia can be a part of the autoimmune process associated with diabetes and pre-diabetes in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Sutkowska
- Medical Division, Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Edyta Sutkowska Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, Wroclaw, 50-556, PolandTel +48 71 734 32 20 Email
| | - Malgorzata Ostrowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Station, Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coloured Rice Phenolic Extracts Increase Expression of Genes Associated with Insulin Secretion in Rat Pancreatic Insulinoma β-cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093314. [PMID: 32392844 PMCID: PMC7246603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-induced oxidative stress is associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may dysregulate the expression of genes controlling insulin secretion leading to β-cell dysfunction, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the impact of coloured rice phenolic extracts (CRPEs) on the expression of key genes associated with β-cell function in pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E). These genes included glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), pancreatic/duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and insulin 1 (Ins1). INS-1E cells were cultured in high glucose (25 mM) to induce glucotoxic stress conditions (HGSC) and in normal glucose conditions (NGC-11.1 mM) to represent normal β-cell function. Cells were treated with CRPEs derived from two coloured rice cultivars, Purple and Yunlu29-red varieties at concentrations ranged from 50 to 250 µg/mL. CRPEs upregulated the expression of Glut2, Sirt1 and Pdx-1 significantly at 250 µg/mL under HGSC. CRPEs from both cultivars also upregulated Glut2, Sirt1, Tfam, Pdx-1 and Ins1 markedly at 250 µg/mL under NGC with Yunlu29 having the greatest effect. These data suggest that CRPEs may reduce β-cell dysfunction in T2DM by upregulating the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
He S, Wu W, Wan Y, Nandakumar KS, Cai X, Tang X, Liu S, Yao X. GLP-1 Receptor Activation Abrogates β-Cell Dysfunction by PKA Cα-Mediated Degradation of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1230. [PMID: 31708773 PMCID: PMC6824261 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist (Exendin-4) is a well-known agent used to improve β-cell dysfunctions via protein kinase A (PKA), but the detailed downstream molecular mechanisms are still elusive. We have now found that PKA Cα mediated- TXNIP phosphorylation and degradation played a vital role in the β-cell protective role of exendin-4. After PKA activator (Exendin-4 or FSK) treatment, PKA Cα could directly interact with TXNIP by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and Co-IP assays in INS-1 cells. And PKA Cα overexpression decreased TXNIP level, whereas TXNIP level was largely increased in PKA Cα-KO β-cells by CRISPR-Cas9. Interestingly, TXNIP overexpression or PKA Cα-KO has impaired β-cell functions, including loss of insulin secretion and activation of inflammation. PKA Cα directly phosphorylated TXNIP at Ser307 and Ser308 positions, leading to its degradation via activation of cellular proteasome pathway. Consistent with this observation, TXNIP (S307/308A) mutant resisted the degradation effects of PKA Cα. However, exendin-4 neither affected TXNIP level in TXNIP (S307/308A) mutant overexpressed β-cells nor in PKA Cα-KO β-cells. Moreover, exendin-4 treatment reduced the inflammation gene expression in TXNIP overexpressed β-cells, but exendin-4 treatment has no effect on the inflammation gene expression in TXNIP (S307/308A) overexpressed β-cells. In conclusion, our study reveals the integral role of PKA Cα/TXNIP signaling in pancreatic β-cells and suggests that PKA Cα-mediated TXNIP degradation is vital in β-cell protective effects of exendin-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuchao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Pharmacy, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Newsholme P, Keane KN, Carlessi R, Cruzat V. Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C420-C433. [PMID: 31216193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cell, or indeed the tissue, becomes overwhelmed by oxidative stress, leading to the activation of intracellular stress-associated pathways. Activation of the same or similar pathways also appears to play a role in mediating insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and late diabetic complications. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels in vitro suggests a causative role of oxidative stress in mediating the latter clinical conditions. In this review, we describe common biochemical processes associated with oxidative stress driven by hyperglycemia and/or elevated FFA and the resulting clinical outcomes: β-cell dysfunction and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ying C, Wang S, Lu Y, Chen L, Mao Y, Ling H, Cheng X, Zhou X. Glucose fluctuation increased mesangial cell apoptosis related to AKT signal pathway. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:730-737. [PMID: 31110541 PMCID: PMC6524177 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood glucose fluctuation is an important factor for the development of diabetic complications. Glucose fluctuation aggravated the renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the effects of blood glucose fluctuation on the glomerular mesangal cells and its related mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mesangial cells were divided into four groups: the normal glucose group (NG) cells were incubated in normal glucose conditions (5.6 mmol/l); the high glucose group (HG) cells were treated with 25 mmol/l; the glucose fluctuation (FG) group received 5.6 mmol/l and 25 mmol/l glucose repeated 3 times; the mannitol group (MG) received 5.6 mmol/l glucose plus 24.4 mmol/l mannitol as a control. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (P-AKT, phosphor-Ser473), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (P-GSK-3β, phosphor-Ser9) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (cleaved caspase-3) levels were assessed using western blot. RESULTS Data suggested that mesangial cells in the FG group show higher cell viability in 12 h, and lower cell viability from 48 h. The FG group showed cell apoptosis accompanied by a significant MDA level increase and SOD activity decrease in 48 h. More importantly, glucose fluctuation could aggravate oxidative stress in glomerular mesangial cells. Furthermore, the P-AKT level was lower, and increased P-GSK-3β and cleaved caspase-3 levels were higher in the FG group than in the HG group. CONCLUSIONS Glucose fluctuation aggravates mesangial cell apoptosis, which may be partly induced by activating oxidative stress and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhen Mao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2, and FTO as potential modifiers of the association between sweetened beverage consumption and risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:127-135. [PMID: 30656477 PMCID: PMC7000500 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sweetened beverage consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and LADA. We investigated to what extent this association is mediated by BMI and whether it is modified by genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2 rs7903146, or FTO rs9939609. Methods Swedish case–control data including incident cases of LADA (n = 386) and T2D (n = 1253) with matched population-based controls (n = 1545) was used. We estimated adjusted ORs of diabetes (95% CI) in relation to sweetened beverage intake (per daily 200 mL serving) and genotypes. The impact of BMI was estimated using causal mediation methodology. Associations with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were explored through linear regression. Results Sweetened beverage intake was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29) and T2D (OR 1.21, 1.11–1.32). BMI was estimated to mediate 17% (LADA) and 56% (T2D) of the total risk. LADA was associated with risk variants of HLA (3.44, 2.63–4.50) and TCF7L2 (1.27, 1.00–1.61) but not FTO. Only among non-carriers of high-risk HLA genotypes was sweetened beverage intake associated with risk of LADA (OR 1.32, 1.06–1.56) and HOMA-IR (beta = 0.162, p = 0.0047). T2D was associated with TCF7L2 and FTO but not HLA, and the risk conferred by sweetened beverages appeared modified by FTO (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21–1.73 in non-carriers). Conclusions Our findings suggest that sweetened beverages are associated with LADA and T2D partly through mediation by excess weight, but possibly also through other mechanisms including adverse effects on insulin sensitivity. These effects seem more pronounced in individuals without genetic susceptibility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-01893-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mooranian A, Zamani N, Mikov M, Goločorbin-Kon S, Stojanovic G, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. Novel nano-encapsulation of probucol in microgels: scanning electron micrograph characterizations, buoyancy profiling, and antioxidant assay analyses. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S741-S747. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1511571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nassim Zamani
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen H, Zhou W, Ruan Y, Yang L, Xu N, Chen R, Yang R, Sun J, Zhang Z. Reversal of angiotensin ll-induced β-cell dedifferentiation via inhibition of NF-κb signaling. Mol Med 2018; 24:43. [PMID: 30134927 PMCID: PMC6092859 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by pancreatic β-cell failure, which arises from metabolic stress and results in β cell dedifferentiation, leading to β-cell death. Pathological activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to increase cell stress, while RAS intervention reduces the onset of T2DM in high-risk populations and promotes insulin secretion in rodents. In this study, we investigated whether and how RAS induces β-cell dedifferentiation and the mechanism underlying this process. Methods In vitro, with the methods of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, we examined the change of cell identity-related gene expression, progenitor like gene expression, cellular function, and nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κb) signaling activity in β cell lines after exposure to angiotensin II (AngII) and disruption of RAS. In vivo, parallel studies were performed using db/db mice. Related protein expression was detected by Immunofluorescence analysis. Result Activation of RAS induced dedifferentiation and impaired insulin secretion, eventually leading to β-cell failure. Mechanistically, Angll induced β-cell dedifferentiation via NF-κb signaling, while treatment with lrbesartan and sc-514 reversed the progenitor state of β cells. Conclusion The present study found that RAS might induce β-cell dedifferentiation via angiotensin II receptor type 1 activation, which was promoted by NF-κb signaling. Therefore, blocking RAS or NF-kb signaling efficiently reversed the dedifferentiated status of β cells, suggesting a potential therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0044-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253, Gongyedadao Middle, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi KH, Park MH, Lee HA, Han JS. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside protects INS-1 pancreatic β cells against high glucose-induced glucotoxicity by apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 73:281-289. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of glucose may cause glucotoxicity, leading to pancreatic β cell dysfunction, including cell apoptosis and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), a derivative of anthocyanin, on glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis in INS-1 pancreatic β cells. Glucose (30 mM) treatment induced INS-1 pancreatic β cell death, but glucotoxicity and apoptosis significantly decreased in cells treated with 50 μM C3R compared to that observed in 30 mM glucose-treated cells. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, while C3R treatment reduced these in a dose-dependent manner. C3R also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, markedly reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9 and caspase 3), and increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in hyperglycemia-exposed cells. Finally, cell death was examined using annexin V/propidium iodide staining, which revealed that C3R significantly reduced high glucose-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, C3R may have therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-induced β cell damage in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Ha Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition , College of Medical and Life Science , Silla University , Busan 46958 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition , College of Medical and Life Science , Silla University , Busan 46958 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Pusan National University , Busan 609-735 , Republic of South Korea , Phone: +82-51-510-2836, Fax: +82-51-583-3648
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Beta Cell Regeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1930261. [PMID: 28845211 PMCID: PMC5560096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1930261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell neogenesis and proliferation during the neonatal period are critical for the generation of sufficient pancreatic β cell mass/reserve and have a profound impact on long-term protection against type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oxidative stress plays an important role in β cell neogenesis, proliferation, and survival under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Pancreatic β cells are extremely susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low expression of antioxidative enzymes. In this review, we summarize studies describing the critical roles and the mechanisms of how oxidative stress impacts β cell neogenesis and proliferation. In addition, the effects of antioxidant supplements on reduction of oxidative stress and increase of β cell proliferation are discussed. Exploring the roles and the potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants in the process of β cell regeneration would provide novel perspectives to preserve and/or expand pancreatic β cell mass for the treatment of T2D.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ying C, Chen L, Wang S, Mao Y, Ling H, Li W, Zhou X. Zeaxanthin ameliorates high glucose-induced mesangial cell apoptosis through inhibiting oxidative stress via activating AKT signalling-pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:796-805. [PMID: 28431381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. Previous study shows that hyperglycaemia aggravates renal injury through oxidative stress in diabetic model, and antioxidants have beneficial effect on diabetic kidney disease. However, the role of antioxidants in the progression of diabetic kidney disease is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to clarify whether zeaxanthin, an antioxidant, could ameliorate mesangial cell injury and if so, identify the related mechanism underlying this protective effect. To that end, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels were measured by an assay kit, and mesangial cell apoptosis and ROS levels were assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, The levels of a phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (p-AKT), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) were detected by western blot. We found that zeaxanthin decreases MDA levels and increased SOD activity, as well as inhibits apoptosis and decreases ROS levels in mesangial cells in a high sugar environment. Furthermore, zeaxanthin increased p-AKT levels while decreased the levels of p-GSK-3β, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3. In addition, LY294002 reversed the protective effect of zeaxanthin on mesangial cells. In conclusion, zeaxanthin ameliorated mesangial cell apoptosis may be involved in inhibiting oxidative stress through activating of the AKT signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yizhen Mao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Jing C, Tang X, Chen Y, Han X, Zhu Y. LXR activation causes G1/S arrest through inhibiting SKP2 expression in MIN6 pancreatic beta cells. Endocrine 2016; 53:689-700. [PMID: 27071658 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear hormone receptors with central roles in lipid homeostasis. We previously showed that LXR activation induced aberrant lipid metabolism and G1 cell cycle arrest in pancreatic beta cells. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular target of LXR causing G1 arrest. LXR activation was induced by its agonist, T0901317. A series of luciferase reporters of truncated Skp2 promoter were analyzed in MIN6 cells. mRNA and protein levels of SKP2 and P27 were detected. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine the cell cycle distribution. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. LXR activation increased cell distribution in G1 phase and lipid accumulation. Since dominant-negative Srebp1c could clear the deposited lipid rather than recover the G1 arrest, we identified S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) as a potential target gene of LXR. In deed, LXR activation significantly inhibited Skp2 gene expression and protein amount. We also observed that the luciferase activity of Skp2 promoter was suppressed by T0901317 and the potential LXR regulatory site was narrowed down to a region of nt -289 to -38. Silencing Lxrα and Lxrβ rescued SKP2 protein level and recovered the cellular growth repressed by LXR activation. Moreover, SKP2 overabundance reduced P27 protein level by promoting its degradation, consequently overcame the G1 arrest caused by T0901317. Our findings demonstrate that transrepressing Skp2 expression by LXR activation resulted in defective SKP2-mediated P27 degradation and inhibitory cell growth in beta cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ying C, Zhou X, Chang Z, Ling H, Cheng X, Li W. Blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury involved to inhibit the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Endocrine 2016; 53:81-96. [PMID: 26860515 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanism by which blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of blood glucose fluctuation on diabetic nephropathy in rats and investigate its underlying mechanism. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a high sugar, high-fat diet, and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg)-injected intraperitoneally. Unstable blood sugar models were induced by subcutaneous insulin injection and intravenous glucose injection alternately. Body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and Creatinine clearance (Ccr) were assessed. T-SOD activity and MDA level were measured by assay kit. Change in renal tissue ultrastructure was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (p-AKT) (phosphor-Ser473), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) (phosphor-Ser9), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL-2), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We observed that BUN and Scr were increased in diabetic rats, and Ccr was decreased. Furthermore, blood glucose fluctuations could exacerbate the Ccr changes. Renal tissue ultrastructure was also seriously injured by glucose variability in diabetic rats. In addition, glucose fluctuation increased the oxidative stress of renal tissue. Moreover, fluctuating blood glucose decreased p-AKT level and BCL-2, and increased p-GSK-3β, BAX, cleaved-caspase-3 levels, and ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that blood glucose fluctuation accelerated renal injury is due, at least in part to its oxidative stress promoting and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lamb MM, Frederiksen B, Seifert JA, Kroehl M, Rewers M, Norris JM. Sugar intake is associated with progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2027-34. [PMID: 26048237 PMCID: PMC4529377 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Dietary sugar intake may increase insulin production, stress the beta cells and increase the risk for islet autoimmunity (IA) and subsequent type 1 diabetes. METHODS Since 1993, the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) has followed children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes for the development of IA (autoantibodies to insulin, GAD or protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein [IA2] twice or more in succession) and progression to type 1 diabetes. Information on intake of fructose, sucrose, total sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, beverages with non-nutritive sweetener and juice was collected prospectively throughout childhood via food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). We examined diet records for 1,893 children (mean age at last follow-up 10.2 years); 142 developed IA and 42 progressed to type 1 diabetes. HLA genotype was dichotomised as high risk (HLA-DR3/4,DQB1*0302) or not. All Cox regression models were adjusted for total energy, FFQ type, type 1 diabetes family history, HLA genotype and ethnicity. RESULTS In children with IA, progression to type 1 diabetes was significantly associated with intake of total sugars (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.85). Progression to type 1 diabetes was also associated with increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in those with the high-risk HLA genotype (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.25-2.71), but not in children without it (interaction p value = 0.02). No sugar variables were associated with IA risk. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sugar intake may exacerbate the later stage of type 1 diabetes development; sugar-sweetened beverages may be especially detrimental to children with the highest genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Lamb
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brittni Frederiksen
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Seifert
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shao C, Gu J, Meng X, Zheng H, Wang D. Systematic investigation into the role of intermittent high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5462-5469. [PMID: 26131124 PMCID: PMC4483841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucose fluctuation is suggested to be the leading cause of beta-cell damages. To determine how it induces beta-cell dysfunction, we systematically evaluated the effects of intermittent high glucose (IHG) in INS-1 rat pancreatic beta-cells on their proliferation activity, apoptosis, insulin secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i), and the PTEN expression as well as AKT phosphorylation. METHODS Prior to the examinations, INS-1 cells were treated with normal glucose (NG, 11.1 mmol/L), sustained high glucose (SHG, 33 mmol/L), IHG (switching per 12 h in 11.1 mmol/l or 33 mmol/L), NG+α-lipoic acid (LA, pretreated with LA 12 h before exposure to NG), SHG+LA (pretreated with LA 12 h before being exposed to 33.3 mmol/L glucose) and IHG+LA (pretreated with LA 12 h before being cultured with IHG). The cells in each group were cultured with indicated concentrations of glucose for 3 days. The evaluations were carried out on the cell viability, apoptosis rate, insulin secretion, [Ca(2+)]i, ROS and the expressions of PTEN and p-AKT. RESULTS The current study determined that IHG induces more apoptosis and significant increases of [Ca(2+)]i and intracellular ROS levels, compared to SHG and NG treatments to INS-1 cells. Moreover, IHG leads to more than 20% decrease on cell viability and over 50% reduction on insulin secretion (from 5.48±0.79 mIU/L to 2.51±0.58 mIU/L). The negative regulation of IHG on insulin signaling in beta-cells is identified via western blot analysis with results of the elevated expression of PTEN and lowered phosphorylation levels of AKT post IHG treatment. While the pretreatment of the antioxidant LA can significantly suppress the above responses induced by high glucose treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that IHG plays a detrimental role in the viability, expansion, and function of beta-cells. IHG could be more harmful to the INS-1 cells than the SHG treatment. The rate increase of apoptosis in beta-cells could be caused by the suppressed insulin signaling, which is resulted from the raised ROS level by abnormal glucose treatments. Undergoing oxidative stress induced by high glucose treatments, including SHG and IHG, might be an important player in mediating the injury process to beta-cells, concluded from the beneficial rescue by the antioxidant LA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Department of Geriatrics and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityChina
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hongzhi Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityChina
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chae H, Gilon P. Can Tea Extracts Exert a Protective Effect Against Diabetes by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Decreasing Glucotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells? Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:27-30. [PMID: 25729709 PMCID: PMC4342533 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Chae
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Babenko A, Krasilnikova EI, Likhonosov NP, Likhonosova AP, Grineva EN. Different antihyperglycaemic drug effects on glycaemic variability in Type 2 diabetic patients. DIABETES MELLITUS 2014. [DOI: 10.14341/dm2014472-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains an urgent issue. In addition to T2DM treatment strategies, such as glycaemic goals (glucose and glycated haemoglobin ? HbА1c) among different patient populations, the influence of glycaemic variability (GV) on the prognosis of patients with T2DM is also important. According to recent data, GV is associated with cardiovascular complications arising from T2DM. However, although the influence of GV on the development of vascular complications arising from diabetes and underlying mechanisms has been extensively investigated, few studies have investigated the effects of different glucose-lowering medications on GV, and there are even fewer reviews of this topic. This type of analysis is highly relevant, particularly because new classes of antidiabetic medications with potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects have been developed. These include groups of drugs that mimic or enhance incretin activity, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues/mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors. A glucose-dependent mechanism suggests that these groups of antidiabetic medications have beneficial effects on GV. Thus, the current study focusses on the comparative analysis of drugs based on their incretin effects (GLP-1 analogues/mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors) and оther antidiabetic medications with regard to GV in the patients with T2DM.
Collapse
|