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Ratha J, Yongram C, Panyatip P, Powijitkul P, Siriparu P, Datham S, Priprem A, Srisongkram T, Puthongking P. Polyphenol and Tryptophan Contents of Purple Corn ( Zea mays L.) Variety KND and Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria ternatea) Aqueous Extracts: Insights into Phytochemical Profiles with Antioxidant Activities and PCA Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030603. [PMID: 36771687 PMCID: PMC9921721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant activity. Several studies have revealed that the consumption of plant polyphenols reduces the risk of diseases. Purple corn (Zea mays L. variety KND) and butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea; CT) were selected to be investigated as alternative natural polyphenol sources to increase the value of these plants. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of KND cob, silk, husk and CT extracts alone and in combination were investigated in this study. The results revealed that purple corn cob (C) extract had the highest tryptophan, melatonin, total anthocyanin (TAC) and delphinidin content, while the purple corn silk (S) extract showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Serotonin was found only in purple corn husk (H) extract and C extract. High contents of tryptophan and sinapic acid were found in CT extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that strong antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid contents, moderate antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with melatonin, and low antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with sinapic acid content. Therefore, the purple corn variety KND waste cobs, silk and husks are a potentially rich source of health-promoting phytochemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamat Ratha
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Yongram
- Division of Cannabis Health Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suansunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Panyada Panyatip
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Patcharapol Powijitkul
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pimolwan Siriparu
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suthida Datham
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Ma H, Li J. The ginger extract could improve diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the expression of e/iNOS and G6PDH, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14084. [PMID: 35060143 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the retina. It is the result of damage to the small blood vessels and neurons of the retina. Ginger and its phytochemical compounds can improve oxidative damage and inflammation. However, the effects of this plant on ocular expression G6PDH and e/iNOS, eye cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis are not well known in this tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ginger extract on rats with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four controlled and treated groups. The serum level of metabolic factors such as lipid profiles, insulin and glucose, and the level of oxidative biomarkers along with the TNF-α level in eye tissue were measured. The expression of NF-κB, VEGF, BAX, Bcl-2, caspase-3, e/iNOS, and G6PDH in eye tissue was measured. Serum levels of lipid profiles, glucose, and insulin, oxidative and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in the diabetic group compared to control. While, treatment with ginger extract could significantly improve these factors in diabetic rats. Moreover, the ocular expression of e/iNOS, G6PDH, VEGF, NF-κB, and genes involved in apoptosis was changed in diabetic rats. However, treatment with ginger extract could ameliorate these changes in the diabetic-treated group. It can be concluded that ginger extract could improve diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation, iNOS, VEGF, apoptosis, and improving eNOS and G6PDH. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Microvascular complications of diabetes such as retinopathy can be one of the main causes of disability in people with diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis cause diabetic retinopathy through retinal damage. Ginger, on the other hand, is an available, inexpensive, and uncomplicated medicinal plant that contains more than 20 different phytochemicals, such as gingerol and shogaol, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties. The results of our study showed well that the ginger extract could improve diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the expression of e/iNOS and G6PDH and oxidative damage, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, ginger and its compounds can be a good option to improve the complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Feicheng People's Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, China
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Chen X, Li H, Zhang B, Deng Z. The synergistic and antagonistic antioxidant interactions of dietary phytochemical combinations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5658-5677. [PMID: 33612011 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1888693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The frequent intake of whole foods and dietary food variety is recommended due to their health benefits, such as prevention of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Often, consuming whole fruits or vegetables showed the enhanced effects than consuming the individual dietary supplement from natural products, which is widely explained by the interactive effects of co-existing phytochemicals in whole foods. Although research relevant to interactive effects among the bioactive compounds mounted up, the mechanism of interaction is still not clear. Especially, biological influence factors such as bioavailability are often neglected. The present review summarizes the progress on the synergistic and antagonistic effects of dietary phytochemicals, the evaluating models for antioxidant interactions, and the possible interaction mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, and with an emphasis on biological-related molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals. The research on the interaction mechanism is of value for guiding how to take advantage of synergistic effects and avoid antagonistic effects in daily diets or phytochemical-based treatments for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Ma Z, Li J, Jiang H, Chu Y. Expression of α-Klotho Is Downregulated and Associated with Oxidative Stress in the Lens in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:482-489. [PMID: 32744464 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1805768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract. The lens in diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to exhibit impaired antioxidant defenses, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence reveals that Klotho family genes can regulate antioxidant defenses and prevent oxidative stress in multiple tissues. Here, we examined whether DM alters Klotho expression in the lens and if so, whether altered Klotho expression is associated with oxidative stress in the lens in DM. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into DM and control groups. DM was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg ip) and control rats were injected with vehicle. Twelve weeks after DM induction, levels of α-Klotho in plasma, expression of α- and γ-Klotho, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH) and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lens were measured. Results: Diabetic rats had markedly higher blood glucose concentrations and lower plasma α-Klotho levels than control rats. Both α- and γ-Klotho were expressed in the lens in diabetic and control rats. The expression of α-Klotho but not γ-Klotho in the lens was downregulated in diabetic rats, which was accompanied by reduced expression of nuclear Nrf2 and levels of all antioxidants and increased levels of MDA. Moreover, expression of α-Klotho in the lens was positively correlated with expression of nuclear Nrf2 and levels of all antioxidants, but negatively correlated with levels of MDA. Conclusions: These findings suggest that DM selectively reduces α-Klotho levels in the circulation and lens, which may attenuate transcriptional activity of Nrf2 and impair antioxidant defenses in response to oxidative insults, contributing to oxidative stress and cataract formation in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Ma
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Chu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhu J, Gong L, Zhao B. MicroRNA‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein in age‐related cataract. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:149-157. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhu
- Center of OphthalmologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
- Department of OphthalmologyPeople's Hospital of Linyi City Linyi China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of OphthalmologyJinan Eighth People's Hospital Jinan China
| | - Bojun Zhao
- Center of OphthalmologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
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Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I, Folwarczna J, Sedlak L, Zych M, Wojnar W, Szumińska I, Wyględowska-Promieńska D, Mrukwa-Kominek E. Effect of caffeine on biomarkers of oxidative stress in lenses of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1073-1080. [PMID: 31360202 PMCID: PMC6657250 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the major causes of cataract in diabetes is oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nowadays, new substances with antioxidative properties that may prevent cataract development are needed. One such substance is caffeine - an alkaloid with well-documented antioxidative activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on lenses obtained from female rats, divided into 3 groups: control rats; diabetic rats; diabetic rats treated with caffeine at a dose of 20 mg/kg p.o. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). After 4 weeks of caffeine administration, the rats were sacrificed, and the lenses were collected, weighed and homogenized in PBS. The homogenate was used for analysis of protein content, glutathione (GSH) concentration, advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). RESULTS The SOD, CAT and GPx activities were found to be higher in the lenses of diabetic rats. There were also increased MDA and AOPP concentrations as well as decreased GSH concentration. The administration of caffeine resulted in decreased activity of SOD, CAT and GPx. The treatment with caffeine also caused an increase of GSH concentration and a decrease of MDA and AOPP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study may be of relevance in determining the effect of caffeine on the processes induced by ROS in vivo. Further, they can be an indication for clinical observations aiming at the assessment of both preventive and therapeutic effects of caffeine in cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Lech Sedlak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szumińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Alsherbiny MA, Abd-Elsalam WH, El Badawy SA, Taher E, Fares M, Torres A, Chang D, Li CG. Ameliorative and protective effects of ginger and its main constituents against natural, chemical and radiation-induced toxicities: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:72-97. [PMID: 30352300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatal unintentional poisoning is widespread upon human exposure to toxic agents such as pesticides, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, bacterial and fungal toxins or even some medications and cosmetic products. In this regards, the application of the natural dietary agents as antidotes has engrossed a substantial attention. One of the ancient known traditional medicines and spices with an arsenal of metabolites of several reported health benefits is ginger. This extended literature review serves to demonstrate the protective effects and mechanisms of ginger and its phytochemicals against natural, chemical and radiation-induced toxicities. Collected data obtained from the in-vivo and in-vitro experimental studies in this overview detail the designation of the protective effects to ginger's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Ginger's armoury of phytochemicals exerted its protective function via different mechanisms and cell signalling pathways, including Nrf2/ARE, MAPK, NF-ƙB, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β1/Smad3, and ERK/CREB. The outcomes of this review could encourage further clinical trials of ginger applications in radiotherapy and chemotherapy regime for cancer treatments or its implementation to counteract the chemical toxicity induced by industrial pollutants, alcohol, smoking or administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Alsherbiny
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Wessam H Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ehab Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fares
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan Torres
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.
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Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Neurotoxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells Via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase 2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:139-149. [PMID: 30112693 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a widely used sedative in anesthesia and critical care units, and it exhibits neuroprotective activity. However, the precise mechanism of Dex-exerted neuroprotection is not clear. Increased neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) contributes to oxidative stress and neuronal damage in various hypoxia-related neurodegenerative disorders. The present study investigated whether Dex regulated neuronal NOX2 to exert its protective effects under hypoxic conditions. Well-differentiated PC12 cells were exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to mimic a neuronal model of chemical hypoxia-mediated neurotoxicity. The data showed that Dex pretreatment of PC12 cells significantly suppressed CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the enhanced cell viability, restoration of cellular morphology, and reduction in apoptotic cells. Dex improved mitochondrial function and inhibited CoCl2-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. We further demonstrated that Dex attenuated oxidative stress, downregulated NOX2 protein expression and activity, and inhibited intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload in CoCl2-treated PC12 cells. Moreover, knockdown of the NOX2 gene markedly improved mitochondrial function and attenuated apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. These results demonstrated that the protective effects of Dex against hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in neural cells were mediated, at least partially, via inhibition of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress.
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Abdel-Ghaffar A, Ghanem HM, Ahmed EK, Hassanin OA, Mohamed RG. Ursodeoxycholic acid suppresses the formation of fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:627-640. [PMID: 29863796 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. The diabetic model (DM) was induced through the administration of 10% fructose in drinking water for 2 weeks followed by streptozotocin injection (intraperitoneal). One week later, hyperglycemia was assisted and diabetic animals were treated with UDCA either as local eye drops (0.5% solution, four times/day) or orally (100 mg/kg b.w.). Cataract formation was monitored biweekly and scored into four stages. After 12 weeks of treatment, rats were subjected to ophthalmological examination, and then, their blood and lenses were prepared for biochemical analysis of glucose, insulin, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, caspase-12, and lenticular total proteins. In addition, tertiary structure and conformational changes of lenticular soluble proteins were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and UV absorption while changes in lenticular α-crystallin structure were investigated using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Results demonstrated that both local and oral UDCA restored the normal levels of lens T-AOC, MDA, H2 O2 , and caspase-12 and improved noticeably the levels of the lens GSH and total proteins. In addition, conformational and tertiary structure changes of soluble lens proteins were significantly reduced in UDCA-treated groups. Morphological examination of lenses revealed decreased score of cataract progression in UDCA-treated groups compared to DM animals. It was concluded that UDCA decreased the incidence of diabetic cataract by maintaining the antioxidant status, reducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suppressing the structural changes of soluble lens proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Ghaffar
- Unit of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, El Ahram st, Giza, 12557, Egypt
| | - Hala M Ghanem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon st, Abbasiya sq., Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Emad K Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon st, Abbasiya sq., Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hassanin
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, El Ahram st, Giza, 12557, Egypt
| | - Rawda G Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon st, Abbasiya sq., Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Chisada SI, Hirako A, Sugiyama A. Ocular lesions in leptin receptor-deficient medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:65-72. [PMID: 29479143 PMCID: PMC5820106 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular lesions in leptin receptor-deficient medaka were examined histopathologically at 10, 28, and 37 weeks post hatching. Leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 28 and 37 weeks old showed hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Histopathologically, vacuolation, swelling, fragmentation, and liquefaction of the lens fibers and dilatation of the retinal central veins, retinal capillaries, iridal veins and capillaries, and choroidal veins were observed in leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 28 and 37 weeks old. Thinning of the total retina, pigment epithelial layer, layer of rods and cones, outer granular layer, outer plexiform layer, inner granular layer, and inner plexiform layer was observed in leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 28 and 37 weeks compared with in control medaka. These histopathological characteristics in leptin receptor-deficient medaka are similar to characteristics in ocular lesions of rodent models for type II diabetes mellitus, making leptin receptor-deficient medaka a useful model of diabetic cataract and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Chisada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ayano Hirako
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Yu X, Zheng H, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. MicroRNAs: new players in cataract. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3896-3903. [PMID: 28979668 PMCID: PMC5622237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. Multiple factors such as aging, eye injury, diabetes mellitus, ultraviolet exposure, drug use and other ocular diseases are etiologically linked to cataractogenesis. Due to a rapid increase in aging population, age-related cataract has become the leading cause of blindness. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the molecular mechanism underlying cataractogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-translational level through binding with the 3'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, senescence and stress response. Deregulated expression of miRNAs is also linked to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including ocular diseases. In our review, we focus on miRNAs that are involved in cataract development and discuss their potential applications as novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100042, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100042, China
| | - Matthew TV Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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Cinici E, Ahiskali I, Cetin N, Suleyman B, Kukula O, Altuner D, Coban A, Balta H, Kuzucu M, Suleyman H. Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on retinopathy induced by hyperglycemia in rats: A biochemical and pathological evaluation. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 64:434-9. [PMID: 27488151 PMCID: PMC4991169 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.187666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Information is lacking on the protective effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy in rats. This study investigated the biochemical and histopathological aspects of the effect of TPP on hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy induced by alloxan in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were separated into a diabetic TPP-administered group (DTPG), a diabetes control group (DCG) and a healthy group (HG). While the DTPG was given TPP, the DCG and HG were administered distilled water as a solvent at the same concentrations. This procedure was repeated daily for 3 months. At the end of this period, all of the rats were euthanized under thiopental sodium anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological analyses of the ocular retinal tissues were performed. The results of the DTPG were compared with those of the DCG and HG. Results: TPP prevented hyperglycemia by increasing the amount of malondialdehyde and decreasing endogen antioxidants, including total glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the amounts of the DNA oxidation product 8-hydroxyguanine were significantly lower in the retinas of the DTPG compared to the DCG. In the retinas of the DCG, there was a marked increase in vascular structures and congestion, in addition to edema. In contrast, little vascularization and edema were observed in the DTPG, and there was no congestion. The results suggest that TPP significantly reduced the degree of hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that TPP may be useful for prophylaxis against diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Cinici
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erzurum Region Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ahiskali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Palandoken State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nihal Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Osman Kukula
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hilal Balta
- Department of Pathology, Erzurum Region Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kuzucu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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13
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Sutalangka C, Wattanathorn J. Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:135. [PMID: 28253877 PMCID: PMC5335841 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, food supplements to improve age-related dementia are required. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale (CP1) on the improvement of age-related dementia in rats with AF64A-induced memory deficits. METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were orally given CP1 at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1 BW for a period of 14 days after bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of AF64A. Spatial memory was assessed in all rats every 7 days throughout the 14 day-experimental period. At the end of the study, neuronal density, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress status and the activation of MAPK cascades in the hippocampus were determined. RESULTS Enhanced memory, increased neuronal density, decreased AChE activity and decreased oxidative stress status together with activated pERK1/2 were observed in the hippocampus of CP1-treated rats. These results suggested that CP1 might improve memory via enhanced cholinergic function and decreased neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS CP1 is a potential novel food supplement for dementia. However, further investigations on the subchronic toxicity of CP1 and drug interactions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchada Sutalangka
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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14
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Dongare S, Gupta SK, Mathur R, Saxena R, Mathur S, Agarwal R, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Kumar P. Zingiber officinale attenuates retinal microvascular changes in diabetic rats via anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms. Mol Vis 2016; 22:599-609. [PMID: 27293376 PMCID: PMC4898299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of long-standing diabetes. Several complex interconnecting biochemical pathways are activated in response to hyperglycemia. These pathways culminate into proinflammatory and angiogenic effects that bring about structural and functional damage to the retinal vasculature. Since Zingiber officinale (ginger) is known for its anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties, we investigated the effects of its extract standardized to 5% 6-gingerol, the major active constituent of ginger, in attenuating retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Diabetic rats were treated orally with the vehicle or the ginger extract (75 mg/kg/day) over a period of 24 weeks along with regular monitoring of bodyweight and blood glucose and weekly fundus photography. At the end of the 24-week treatment, the retinas were isolated for histopathological examination under a light microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the retinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. RESULTS Oral administration of the ginger extract resulted in significant reduction of hyperglycemia, the diameter of the retinal vessels, and vascular basement membrane thickness. Improvement in the architecture of the retinal vasculature was associated with significantly reduced expression of NF-κB and reduced activity of TNF-α and VEGF in the retinal tissue in the ginger extract-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that ginger extract containing 5% of 6-gingerol attenuates the retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes through anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic actions. Although precise molecular targets remain to be determined, 6-gingerol seems to be a potential candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Dongare
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh K Gupta
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajani Mathur
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Renu Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Srivastava
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
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15
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Chen SY, Hsu YM, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Chen YT, Lin WY, Liu YH, Yang JS, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Current concepts regarding developmental mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy in Taiwan. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 27154195 PMCID: PMC4859317 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-016-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of acquired blindness in working adults. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Taiwan is about 4%, and the annual incidence of T2D (Type 2 Diabetes) in Taiwan is 1.8% following the 1985 WHO criteria. Multiple mechanisms have been shown in T2DR with some signaling pathways, including the polyol pathway, PKC pathway, AGEs pathway, and MAPK pathway. However, the cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is complex and remains incompletely understood. Herein, we try to fully understand the new concepts regarding hyperglycemia-induced biochemical pathways contributing to DR pathophysiology. Our work may be able to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Chang KC, Li L, Sanborn TM, Shieh B, Lenhart P, Ammar D, LaBarbera DV, Petrash JM. Characterization of Emodin as a Therapeutic Agent for Diabetic Cataract. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1439-44. [PMID: 27140653 PMCID: PMC5578730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) in the lens plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract (DC) by contributing to osmotic and oxidative stress associated with accelerated glucose metabolism through the polyol pathway. Therefore, inhibition of AR in the lens may hold the key to prevent DC formation. Emodin, a bioactive compound isolated from plants, has been implicated as a therapy for diabetes. However, its inhibitory activity against AR remains unclear. Our results showed that emodin has good selectively inhibitory activity against AR (IC50 = 2.69 ± 0.90 μM) but not other aldo-keto reductases and is stable at 37 °C for at least 7 days. Enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated an uncompetitive inhibition against AR with a corresponding inhibition constant of 2.113 ± 0.095 μM. In in vivo studies, oral administration of emodin reduced the incidence and severity of morphological markers of cataract in lenses of AR transgenic mice. Computational modeling of the AR-NADP(+)-emodin ternary complex indicated that the 3-hydroxy group of emodin plays an essential role by interacting with Ser302 through hydrogen bonding in the specificity pocket of AR. All the findings above provide encouraging evidence for emodin as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent cataract in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Theresa M. Sanborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Biehuoy Shieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Patricia Lenhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - David Ammar
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Daniel V. LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - J. Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel (J. M. Petrash): 303-724-0681. Fax: 303-848-5014.
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Chen XH, Zhou X, Yang XY, Zhou ZB, Lu DH, Tang Y, Ling ZM, Zhou LH, Feng X. Propofol Protects Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury in Differentiated PC12 Cells via Inhibition of Ca(2+)-Dependent NADPH Oxidase. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:541-51. [PMID: 26162968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used general anesthetic with anti-oxidant activities. This study aims to investigate protective capacity of propofol against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury in neural cells and whether the anti-oxidative effects of propofol occur through a mechanism involving the modulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in a manner of calcium-dependent. The rat differentiated PC12 cell was subjected to H2O2 exposure for 24 h to mimic a neuronal in vitro model of oxidative injury. Our data demonstrated that pretreatment of PC12 cells with propofol significantly reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, prevented H2O2-induced morphological changes, and reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells. We further found that propofol attenuated the accumulation of malondialdehyde (biomarker of oxidative stress), counteracted the overexpression of NOX core subunit gp91(phox) (NOX2) as well as the NOX activity following H2O2 exposure in PC12 cells. In addition, blocking of L-type Ca(2+) channels with nimodipine reduced H2O2-induced overexpression of NOX2 and caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells. Moreover, NOX inhibitor apocynin alone or plus propofol neither induces a significant downregulation of NOX activity nor increases cell viability compared with propofol alone in the PC12 cells exposed to H2O2. These results demonstrate that the protective effects of propofol against oxidative injury in PC12 cells are mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Min Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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18
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The Combined Extract of Zingiber officinale and Zea mays (Purple Color) Improves Neuropathy, Oxidative Stress, and Axon Density in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:301029. [PMID: 25969689 PMCID: PMC4410543 DOI: 10.1155/2015/301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the protective effect of the combined extract of purple waxy corn and ginger (PWCG) on oxidative stress related disorders in diabetic condition, we aimed to determine the effect of PWCG on the functional, biochemical, and structural change of the lesion nerve in streptozotocin- (STZ-) diabetic rats. PWCG at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg·kg−1 BW were orally given to STZ-diabetic rats which were subjected to chronic constriction (CCI) at right sciatic nerve for 21 days. The blood sugar was assessed before and at the end of study whereas the sciatic function index (SFI), paw withdrawal threshold intensity (PWTI), and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were assessed every 3 days until the end of study. At the end of study, the determination of nerve conduction velocity (NCV), axon density, oxidative stress status, and aldose reductase (AR) activity of the lesion nerve were performed. It was found that PWCG improved SFI, PWTI, PWL, and NCV together with the improved oxidative stress status and the axon density in the lesion nerve. No changes of AR activity or blood sugar level were observed. Therefore, PWCG might improve the functional and structural changes in STZ-diabetic rats plus CCI via the improved oxidative stress status.
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