1
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Song Y, Chen B, Zeng K, Cai K, Sun H, Liu D, Liu P, Xu G, Jiang G. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging of pancreas: Probing evidence of β-cell dysfunction in asymptomatic adults with hyperglycemia in vivo. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 108:161-167. [PMID: 38336114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early evaluation of β-cell dysfunction of hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults would be valuable for timely prevention of the diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate functional changes in the pancreas using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and determine whether it could be used as a non-invasive method of assessing β-cell dysfunction. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2022 to November 2022 in Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital. Three groups were enrolled and underwent IVIM-DWI: confirmed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults; and the volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Imaging parameters were obtained: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the true diffusion coefficient (Dt), the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), and the perfusion fraction (f). The β-cell function indexes were calculated from blood examinations: composite insulin sensitivity index (ISI), 60-min insulinogenic index (IGI60), and the disposition index (DI). We compared imaging parameters among three groups, calculated the diagnostic performance of them for differentiating different groups, and the reproducibility of them was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The imaging parameters except f gradually decreased among the groups with significant differences for ADC (p < 0.0001), Dt (p < 0.0001), and Dp (p = 0.013). Dt demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for differentiating asymptomatic patients from NGT (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 0.815, p < 0.0001). IVIM-DWI parameters correlated with composite ISI and DI, of which, Dt has the highest correlation with DI (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.546, p < 0.0001). The ICC of IVIM-DWI parameters was very good, Dt was highest (Interobserver ICC = 0.938, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.899-0.963; Intraobserver ICC = 0.941, 95% CI, 0.904-0.965). CONCLUSION IVIM-DWI is a non-invasive quantitative method that can identify β-cell dysfunction in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, #168 Xianggang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Kejing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Deqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
| | - Gugen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
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2
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Rajizadeh MA, Aminizadeh AH, Esmaeilpour K, Bejeshk MA, Sadeghi A, Salimi F. Investigating the effects of Citrullus colocynthis on cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:343-355. [PMID: 33848216 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1916743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can impair cognitive performance and lead to dementia. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are reported with different levels of cognitive dysfunctions in various cognitive domains ranging from general intellectual testing to specific deficits with visuospatial abilities, motor speed, writing, attention, reading, and psychomotor efficiency. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Citrullus colocynthis on cognitive functions.Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats (3-4 months old and weighing 200-250 g) were tested in the current study. Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + Drug. The diabetic rats received Citrullus colocynthis extraction orally. The behavioral tests included the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), passive avoidance tests, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Data were analyzed using student and paired t-tests via SPSS software version 16.Results: Our results showed the protective effects of Citrullus colocynthis administration against cognitive impairments. This is followed by STZ-induced diabetes in the MWM, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks. Also, it was found that Citrullus colocynthis improved anxiety in diabetic rats.Conclusion According to the findings of this study, the administration of 200 mg/kg C. colocynthis once per day for 40 days can lead to ameliorated cognitive impairments and antidiabetic effects such as increasing body weight and decreasing FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hashem Aminizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Virgolici B, Popescu L, Virgolici H, Stefan C, Mohora M, Timnea O. EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHILDREN. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2023; 19:221-227. [PMID: 37908888 PMCID: PMC10614586 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2023.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids have protective effects in obesity. Aim We investigated the benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids associated with antioxidant vitamins in obese children. Magnesemia and calcemia were observed in relation with other metabolic parameters, before and after the treatment. Materials and methods 60 obese children were compared with 35 normal weight children. Each obese child received daily, one pill, containing: 130mg docosahexaenoic acid, 25mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, vitamin A 200µg, vitamin D 1,25µg, vitamin E 2,5mg and vitamin C 30mg for three months. All the participants were instructed not to change their lifestyle. Results The serum values for these minerals and for 25(OH) vitamin D were lower in obese children. The obese children had insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and an imbalance of serum adipocytokines. In obese children, the body mass index was negatively correlated with calcemia (r=-0.34) and serum 25(OH) vitamin D (r=-0.33). The HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with magnesemia (r=-0.34) and serum adiponectin (r=-0.29). The treatment improved the mineral serum level, the insulin sensitivity and the adipocytokines levels. Conclusion In obese children, the intake of Omega-3 fatty acids associated with antioxidant vitamins, for three months improved calcemia and magnesemia and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Virgolici
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L.A. Popescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H.M. Virgolici
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C.D. Stefan
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. Mohora
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O. Timnea
- Romanian-American University, Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Elseweidy MM, Ali SI, Shershir NI, Ali AEA, Hammad SK. Vitamin D3 intake as modulator for the early biomarkers of myocardial tissue injury in diabetic hyperlipidaemic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:628-636. [PMID: 32046509 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1716015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Myocardial cell death occurs within hours following the onset of myocardial ischaemia and its chief cause is atherosclerosis. There is a link between vitamin D3 deficiency and many cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study compared the effect of vitamin D3 on early biomarkers of myocardial injury, to that of atorvastatin. METHODS Diabetic hyperlipidaemia was induced in Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 groups: diabetic hyperlipidaemic control, diabetic hyperlipidaemic rats treated with atorvastatin and diabetic hyperlipidaemic rats treated with vitamin D3. Blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile were evaluated. Markers of myocardial injury were examined including cardiac troponin, heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-pro-ET-1). RESULTS Vitamin D3 and atorvastatin intake improved lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, and reduced levels of predictive biomarkers of myocardial injury. CONCLUSION Vitamin D3 can be used in a suitable dose as a safe and protective candidate against myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sousou I Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura I Shershir
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abd Elmonem A Ali
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Adams O O, Oyesola O, Tony E, Blessing O, Kukoyi BI. Effects of combined Garcinia kola and Kigelia africana on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in type 2 diabetic rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e080422203277. [PMID: 35400345 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220408100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports of individual extracts of Garcina kola and Kigelia africana beneficial effects against several factors related with development of diabetes mellitus abound. However, there is still lack of information about the combined effects of these extracts on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS Forty-two young male rats (180-200g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=7/group). Diabetes was intraperitoneally induced with 110 mg/kg of nicotinamide constituted in distilled water andfifteen minutes after with 65mg/kg of streptozocin freshly prepared in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH of 4.5) and treated for six weeks as follows: the control rats received either 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 250mg/kg extract by gavage. The remaining animals were diabetic induced and subsequently treated with either NS, graded doses of the extract (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) or 5mg/kg Glibenclamide + 100mg/kg Metformin. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the combined extracts was also analyzed to identify the bioactive compounds present. Insulin, PON-1 levels, lipid profiles and atherogenic index were assessed. RESULTS Our findings show that Insulin and PON-1 levels in the plasma of diabetic rats treated with the combined extracts were significantly increased when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the GCMS of the extract show the presence of both monosaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) fatty acids. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that the extract may help improve glucose homeostasis, prevent atherosclerosis through established mechanism of the identified bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoaghe Adams O
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oyesola O
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezike Tony
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omizu Blessing
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Boone I Kukoyi
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Fischer P, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, Gonzales I, Conde PA, Galano JM, Durand T, Oger C. Straightforward Syntheses of Phytoprostanes and dihomo‐Phytoprostanes − Non‐enzymatic Metabolites of γ‐Linolenic, dihomo‐γ‐Linolenic and Stearidonic acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fischer
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Alexandre Guy
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Ilyana Gonzales
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Pierre-Alexis Conde
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Bioactive Lipids Synthesis Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
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7
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Dahabiyeh LA, Mujammami M, Arafat T, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA, Abdel Rahman AM. A Metabolic Pattern in Healthy Subjects Given a Single Dose of Metformin: A Metabolomics Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705932. [PMID: 34335266 PMCID: PMC8319764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It possesses effective roles in various disorders, including cancer, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of metformin's multiple benefits are not fully understood. Herein, a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolic changes associated with the administration of a single dose of metformin in the plasma of 26 healthy subjects at five-time points; pre-dose, before the maximum concentration of metformin (Cmax), Cmax, after Cmax, and 36 h post-dose. A total of 111 metabolites involved in various biochemical processes were perturbed, with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) being the most significantly altered pathway. Additionally, the Pearson similarity test revealed that 63 metabolites showed a change in their levels dependent on metformin level. Out of these 63, the level of 36 metabolites was significantly altered by metformin. Significantly altered metformin-dependent metabolites, including hydroxymethyl uracil, propionic acid, glycerophospholipids, and eicosanoids, pointed to fundamental biochemical processes such as lipid network signaling, energy homeostasis, DNA lesion repair mechanisms, and gut microbiota functions that could be linked to the multiple beneficial roles of metformin. Thus, the distinctive metabolic pattern linked to metformin administration can be used as a metabolic signature to predict the potential effect and mechanism of actions of new chemical entities during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Mujammami
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq Arafat
- Jordan Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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8
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Reis LG, Silva TH, Ravagnani GM, Martinez CHG, Salles MSV, Andrade AFC, Cônsolo NRB, Martins SMMK, de Oliveira Bussiman F, Oliveira MXS, Lanna DPD, Saran Netto A. Maternal Supplementation with Cow's Milk Naturally Enriched with PUFA Alters the Metabolism of Sows and the Fatty Acid Profile of the Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:1942. [PMID: 34198804 PMCID: PMC8228345 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of gilts with cow's milk naturally enriched with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on reproductive outcomes, and the serum biochemical and FA profile of swine females and their offspring. During 316 days, 30 gilts were distributed into three groups: (1) Control, fed a basal diet + milk from cows without oil; (2) n-3, fed a basal diet + milk from cows fed a diet enriched with linseed oil; (3) n-6, fed a basal diet + milk from cows fed a diet enriched with soybean oil. The gilts receiving the diets containing PUFA had higher serum urea and very-low-density lipoprotein levels and lower serum total protein and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to the Control group. Females supplemented with n-3 presented higher serum palmitic acid and γ-linolenic acid levels than those fed n-6. Piglets from the Control group were heavier at birth than those from females supplemented with enriched milk. The piglets from females receiving enriched milk had 140 g higher body weight from 1 to 21 days old compared to the Control group, and greater average daily weight gain from 7 to 14 days old. The serum eicosapentaenoic acid level of piglets fed n-3 was 69% higher than those fed n-6, which reduced the AA/EPA ratio. Gilts supplemented with PUFA-enriched cow's milk showed changes in their serum palmitic and γ-linolenic acid levels, in addition to improved performance, EPA concentration and consequently reduced AA/EPA ratio in their piglets, demonstrating beneficial results for their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leriana Garcia Reis
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (L.G.R.); (T.H.S.); (N.R.B.C.); (S.M.M.K.M.)
| | - Thiago Henrique Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (L.G.R.); (T.H.S.); (N.R.B.C.); (S.M.M.K.M.)
| | - Gisele Mouro Ravagnani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (G.M.R.); (A.F.C.A.)
| | - Cristian Hernando Garcia Martinez
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.H.G.M.); (F.d.O.B.)
| | | | - André Furugen Cesar Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (G.M.R.); (A.F.C.A.)
| | - Nara Regina Brandão Cônsolo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (L.G.R.); (T.H.S.); (N.R.B.C.); (S.M.M.K.M.)
| | - Simone Maria Massami Kitamura Martins
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (L.G.R.); (T.H.S.); (N.R.B.C.); (S.M.M.K.M.)
| | - Fernando de Oliveira Bussiman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.H.G.M.); (F.d.O.B.)
| | - Mauricio Xavier Silva Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (L.G.R.); (T.H.S.); (N.R.B.C.); (S.M.M.K.M.)
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9
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Mohamed Ahmed IA, Al Juhaimi F, Özcan MM. Insights into the nutritional value and bioactive properties of quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
): past, present and future prospective. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Selcuk University Konya42031Turkey
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10
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Elseweidy MM, Aly SI, Hammad SK, Shershir NI. Early myocardial injury biomarkers in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats: Impact of 10-dehydrogingerdione and vitamin D3. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1326-1334. [PMID: 32686474 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220943124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Hyperlipidemia represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases leading to myocardial injury (MI). The present study aimed to illustrate the pattern of myocardial injury induced in diabetic hyperlipidemic rat model and the effect of vitamin D3, 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD) intake either individually or in combination form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sousou I Aly
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura I Shershir
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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11
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Kim MT, Kim KB, Ko J, Murry N, Levine D, Lee JY. The Differential Role of Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Management and Control in Minority Populations. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:1266-1274. [PMID: 30747313 PMCID: PMC6689459 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as poor glycemic control among T2DM patients, yet comparative studies of its association among ethnic minority populations are scarce. Using baseline data from a behavioral intervention study of Korean Americans (KAs) with T2DM (N = 250 KAs) and the NHANES data set, we explored differential roles of vitamin D on HbA1C level or T2DM control in several racial groups. Significantly more KAs (55.2%) were vitamin D-deficient (U.S. average, 37.8%). Both common and unique correlates of vitamin D deficiency in minority populations were identified, including significant associations between Vitamin D and HbA1C in both non-diabetic and diabetic populations. Future studies are warranted to explain the causal mechanism of the effect of vitamin D and glycemic control as well as to examine contextual factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in certain minority groups.Clinical Trials Registry: Identifier NCT01264796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyong To Kim
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kim Byeng Kim
- Korean Resource Center, 3454 Ellicott Center Dr., Ellicott City, MD, 21043, USA.
| | - Jisook Ko
- School of Nursing, UT Health Science San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Nicole Murry
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Levine
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Li N, Yue H, Jia M, Liu W, Qiu B, Hou H, Huang F, Xu T. Effect of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on blood glucose: a meta-analysis. Food Funct 2019; 10:4557-4565. [PMID: 31292599 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary low-ratio n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on blood glucose and other related indicators. METHODS We systematically searched randomized controlled trials of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA intervention on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and related references up to August 2018. The change values were calculated as the weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effect model. RESULTS Eleven randomized controlled trials were included. No significant effect of dietary low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation was observed on fasting blood glucose (WMD: 0.057 mmol L-1; 95% CI: -0.090 to 0.204 mmol L-1), insulin (WMD: -0.757 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -2.419 to 0.904 mIU L-1), insulin resistance index (WMD: -0.201; 95% CI: -0.566 to 0.165), and glycosylated hemoglobin (WMD: -0.063%; 95% CI: -0.061 to 0.186%). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on the reduction of the plasma insulin level in North America (WMD: -3.473 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -5.760 to -1.185 mIU L-1) was more obvious than that in Asian countries (WMD: -0.797 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -2.497 to 0.902 mIU L-1) and European countries (WMD: -0.063 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -0.061 to 0.186 mIU L-1). In the subgroup of diabetic subjects, low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation can decrease the plasma insulin level (WMD: -3.010 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -5.371 to -0.648 mIU L-1) and insulin resistance index (WMD: -0.460; 95% CI: -0.908 to -0.012). When the intervention period was longer than 8 weeks, low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation could also decrease the plasma insulin level (WMD: -2.782 mIU L-1; 95% CI: -4.946 to -0.618 mIU L-1). No significant publication bias was observed for all blood glucose and other related indicators as suggested by Begg's test and Egger's test. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis found that low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation could improve the glucose metabolism by reducing the insulin and insulin resistance in the diabetic patients. Low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation could reduce the plasma insulin level when the supplementation duration was longer than 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.
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Veronese N, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Smith L, Sieber C, Strandberg T, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Sinclair A, Petrovic M, Maggi S. Association between sarcopenia and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:685-696. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dadrass A, Mohamadzadeh Salamat K, Hamidi K, Azizbeigi K. Anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D and resistance training in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:323-331. [PMID: 31890657 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D and resistance training in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Design This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.Trial registration code: IRCT20190204042621N1. Participants Forty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-65 (from a total of 52 volunteers in Ardabil diabetes clinic) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D supplementation with resistance training group (VD + RT: n = 12), the resistance training group (RT: n = 12), the vitamin D supplementation group (VD: n = 12), or the control group (CON: n = 12). Intervention The subjects in VD group took vitamin D supplements at 50000 IU per 2 weeks for 3 months; the subjects in RT group exercised 3 times per week for 12 weeks; and the subjects in VD + RT group participated in both treatments. Subjects in CON group were asked to maintain normal daily life pattern for the duration of the study. Measurements Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined at pre and post-test and the data were compared among the four groups and between two tests (4 × 2) using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results IL-6 decreased significantly (P = 0.001) in all groups (VD + RT = % -71.73, RT = % -65.85, VD = % -61.70). TNF-α decreased significantly (P = 0.001) in VD + RT (% -44.90) and RT (% -40) groups. CRP showed no significant change in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Results demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation in addition to resistance training had positive effects on some inflammatory markers in T2D and vitamin D deficient men. Vitamin D supplementation was especially effective when it was complemented with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dadrass
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
| | - Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
| | | | - Kamal Azizbeigi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
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Snow SJ, Cheng WY, Henriquez A, Hodge M, Bass V, Nelson GM, Carswell G, Richards JE, Schladweiler MC, Ledbetter AD, Chorley B, Gowdy KM, Tong H, Kodavanti UP. Ozone-Induced Vascular Contractility and Pulmonary Injury Are Differentially Impacted by Diets Enriched With Coconut Oil, Fish Oil, and Olive Oil. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:57-69. [PMID: 29329427 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish, olive, and coconut oil dietary supplementation have several cardioprotective benefits, but it is not established if they protect against air pollution-induced adverse effects. We hypothesized that these dietary supplements would attenuate ozone-induced systemic and pulmonary effects. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal diet, or a diet supplemented with fish, olive, or coconut oil for 8 weeks. Animals were then exposed to air or ozone (0.8 ppm), 4 h/day for 2 days. Ozone exposure increased phenylephrine-induced aortic vasocontraction, which was completely abolished in rats fed the fish oil diet. Despite this cardioprotective effect, the fish oil diet increased baseline levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of lung injury and inflammation. Ozone-induced pulmonary injury/inflammation were comparable in rats on normal, coconut oil, and olive oil diets with altered expression of markers in animals fed the fish oil diet. Fish oil, regardless of exposure, led to enlarged, foamy macrophages in the BALF that coincided with decreased pulmonary mRNA expression of cholesterol transporters, cholesterol receptors, and nuclear receptors. Serum microRNA profile was assessed and demonstrated marked depletion of a variety of microRNAs in animals fed the fish oil diet, several of which were of splenic origin. No ozone-specific changes were noted. Collectively, these data indicate that although fish oil offered vascular protection from ozone exposure, it increased pulmonary injury/inflammation and impaired lipid transport mechanisms resulting in foamy macrophage accumulation, demonstrating the need to be cognizant of potential off-target pulmonary effects that might offset the overall benefit of this vasoprotective supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Myles Hodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Virgina Bass
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Gail M Nelson
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Gleta Carswell
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Brian Chorley
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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Jiang Y, Fischbach S, Xiao X. The Role of the TGFβ Receptor Signaling Pathway in Adult Beta Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103136. [PMID: 30322036 PMCID: PMC6212884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and affects millions of individuals in the United States. Devising novel treatments for diabetes continues to be a great medical challenge. Postnatal beta cell growth or compensation is largely attributed to beta cell proliferation, which declines continuously with age. To boost beta cell proliferation to regenerate an adequate functional mass, there is a need to understand the signaling pathways that regulate beta cell proliferation for creating practical strategies to promote the process. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) belongs to a signaling superfamily that governs pancreatic development and the regeneration of beta cells after pancreatic diseases. TGFβ exerts its functions by activation of downstream Smad proteins and through its crosstalk with other pathways. Accumulating data demonstrate that the TGFβ receptor signaling pathway also participates in the control of beta cell proliferation. This review details the role of the TGFβ receptor signaling pathway in beta cell proliferation physiologically and in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Sa’ad-Aldin K, Altamimi M. Effect of whole-grain plant-based diet on the diabetes mellitus type 2 features in newly diagnosed patients: a pilot study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Arouca A, Michels N, Moreno LA, González-Gil EM, Marcos A, Gómez S, Díaz LE, Widhalm K, Molnár D, Manios Y, Gottrand F, Kafatos A, Kersting M, Sjöström M, de la O A, Ferrari M, Huybrechts I, Gonzalez-Gross M, De Henauw S. Associations between a Mediterranean diet pattern and inflammatory biomarkers in European adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1747-1760. [PMID: 28421282 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether the Mediterranean diet score and each food-subgroup is associated with inflammatory biomarkers in European adolescents. METHODS In 464 adolescents (13-17 years) of the European HELENA study, data were available on body composition, inflammation markers, and food intake determined by two computerized 24-h recalls. The Mediterranean diet score and its food-subgroups (Vegetables, Fruits and Nuts, Pulses, Cereal and Roots, Monounsaturated/Saturated fat ratio, Dairy, Fish, Meat and Alcohol) were evaluated. A set of inflammation-related biomarkers was measured: IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ-1, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, sICAM1, sE-selectin, white blood cells, lymphocytes, CD3, CRP, GGT, ALT, and homocysteine. Multivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, country, socioeconomic status, paternal and maternal education, adiposity, and smoking habits. RESULTS The Mediterranean diet score was positively associated with CRP, and negatively with sVCAM-1. The subgroups showed the following positive/negative associations: Vegetables with IL-10(+), CRP(+), CD3(+), ALT(+), lymphocytes(+), sE-selectin(-); Fruits and Nuts with IL-4(-), TNF-alpha; Pulses with IL-5(+), IL-6(+), IL-2(-); Cereals and Roots with IL-6(-), IL-10(-); Monounsaturated/Saturated-fat ratio with IL-6(+), TGFβ-1(+), sVCAM-1(+boys, -girls), homocysteine(-); Dairy with IL-1(+), IL-5(+), IL-6(+), IL-10(+), TGFβ-1(+), homocysteine(-); Fish with homocysteine(-); Meat with IL-2(+), IL-10(+); Alcohol with CRP(+), lymphocytes(-). Sex differences were found. CONCLUSION Some specific food-inflammation associations were found, suggesting that diet is to a certain extent already related to inflammation in adolescents and can be used in disease prevention. Also some counterintuitive results were found, which might be due to grouping very different foods into a single group, besides considering that the human body may respond differently depending on the interaction between diet, lifestyle, genetics, biochemical individuality, age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Arouca
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Block K3, 4th floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Block K3, 4th floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, GENUD: "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group", Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, GENUD: "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group", Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ligia Esperanza Díaz
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alejandro de la O
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Block K3, 4th floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Block K3, 4th floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Mansouri V, Javanmard SH, Mahdavi M, Tajedini MH. Association of Polymorphism in Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Iranian Population. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:98. [PMID: 30050886 PMCID: PMC6036782 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_131_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The type 2 diabetes is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Due to a key role in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, one of the most important precursors of immunity mediators, fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes could have an important impact in the development of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to determine the relationship between polymorphisms rs174537 in FADS1 gene and rs174575 in FADS2 gene with type 2 diabetes in Iranian population. After extracting genomic DNA, the locations of mutations and allele types were identified with high-resolution melting (HRM)-polymerase chain reaction method. Then, association between these mutations with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes was investigated using χ2 correlation coefficients for variables and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that among 50 diabetic participants, 68% of patients have the mutant allele for rs174537 in FADS1 gene. This rate is 26% for rs174575 in FADS2 gene. Based on the results, it seems that participants having rs174537 mutant allele are more prone to become diabetic but it has a beneficial effect on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and participants having rs174575 mutant are less prone to become diabetic, and also, it leads to higher triglycerides and body mass index (obesity). Conclusions: Detecting FADS1 and FADS2, gene polymorphisms using HRM can be an anticipating tool for making decision on initiating lifestyle modifications to prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Department of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manijeh Mahdavi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 29795525 PMCID: PMC5968031 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in different populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (FokI and BsmI) in patients with T2D. METHODS The case-control study was conducted in 138 patients with T2D and 172 control subjects, men and women (60-79 years old). The genotype and allele frequency determination of VDR polymorphisms were determined in these subjects. RESULTS The frequency of the C allele of the FokI polymorphism was significantly higher in the T2D group than in healthy subjects (p = 0.025). The frequencies of the BsmI variant were similar in subjects with and without T2D (p = 0.747). Consistent with these data, there was an association of the C allele with T2D (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.003-3.084, p = 0.036), but not the AG + GG variants for BsmI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.635-1.649, p = 0.916). We can observe a significant association between carrier of the T > C variant of FokI and type 2 diabetes, adjusted for vitamin D, age, obesity (overweight and obesity), seasonality, sex and Homa-IR. Here, we show a significant association between the FokI polymorphisms (TC + CC) and T2D with an odds ratio of 1.9001 (95% CI (1.0970-3.6838), p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the C allele (TC + CC) of the VDR-FokI gene is a possible risk factor for T2D in older people living in a community in Santiago de Chile.
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Yoshimura EH, Santos NW, Machado E, Agustinho BC, Pereira LM, de Aguiar SC, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Mareze-da-Costa CE, Zeoula LM. Functionality of cow milk naturally enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols in diets for diabetic rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195839. [PMID: 29652940 PMCID: PMC5898750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus is becoming a serious threat to human health in various parts of the world. Studies with dairy products have shown a potential beneficial effect against diabetes. This experiment evaluated the supplementation of milk naturally enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Forty male 28-day-old Wistar rats were distributed in four experimental treatments of diabetic animals (streptozotocin induction) and a normal group (non-induced). Experimental treatments were: control (water), whole common milk (COM-M), milk enriched with PUFA (PUFA-M), milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols (PUFA/P-M) through a special diet offered to dairy cows. Milk supplementation at a dose 5 mL/kg body weight was performed for 77 days, 42 days before and 35 days after diabetes induction. The COM-M supplementation increased brown fat deposits, reduced post-induction glucose levels, reduced blood fructosamine levels, and improved glucose tolerance. Milk enriched with PUFA reduced final fasting glucose, LDL levels, and improved blood antioxidant capacity. Milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols promoted an increase in gastrocnemius muscle mass, and a reduction in mesenteric fat and LDL levels. Milk intake, with an emphasis on milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols, attenuated the metabolic disorders of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine W. Santos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Erica Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. Agustinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucelia M. Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sílvia C. de Aguiar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Pontes e Lacerda, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucia M. Zeoula
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Graedel L, Merker M, Felder S, Kutz A, Haubitz S, Faessler L, Kaeslin M, Huber A, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Vitamin D Deficiency Strongly Predicts Adverse Medical Outcome Across Different Medical Inpatient Populations: Results From a Prospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3533. [PMID: 27175650 PMCID: PMC4902492 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several adverse outcomes mainly in the outpatient setting. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with risk of adverse clinical outcomes in a large prospective cohort of medical inpatients.We collected clinical data and measured 25(OH)D levels in adult medical patients upon hospital admission and followed them for 30 days. Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, and main medical diagnosis were performed to study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on several hospital outcomes.Of 4257 included patients, 1510 (35.47%) had 25(OH)D levels of 25 to 50 nmol/L (vitamin D insufficiency) and 797 (18.72%) had levels of <25nmol/L (severe deficiency). Vitamin D insufficiency and severe deficiency were associated (OR/HR, 95%CI) with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (OR 1.70, 1.22-2.36 and 2.70, 1.22-2.36) and increased length of stay (HR 0.88, 0.81-0.97 and 0.72, 0.65-0.81). Severe deficiency was associated with risk of falls (OR 1.77, 1.18-2.63), impaired Barthel index (OR 1.80, 1.42-2.28), and impairment in quality of life. Most associations remained robust after multivariate adjustment and in subgroups stratified by gender, age, comorbidities, and main diagnoses (P for interaction >0.05).In this comprehensive and large medical inpatient cohort, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent and strongly associated with adverse clinical outcome. Interventional research is urgently needed to prove the effect of vitamin D supplementation on these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Graedel
- From the Medical University Department (LG, SF, AK, SH, LF, BM, PS), University of Basel, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel (MM), Basel; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (MK, AH), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Liu L, Lv G, Ning C, Yang YE, Zhu J. Therapeutic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on diabetes-induced liver complications in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2284-2292. [PMID: 27284312 PMCID: PMC4887922 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) plays a protective role against inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study investigate the hypothesis that vitamin D may exert beneficial effects on the liver in a rat model of T2DM by regulating the expression of inflammation-related cytokines and ameliorating IR induced by inflammation. Normal control group rats were fed a basic diet (NC). Experimental rats received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and were then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM. Half of the T2DM model rats received vitamin D (0.03 µg/kg/day) for 8 weeks (vitamin D-treated group; VD; n=11), while the other (T2DM group; DM; n=10) and NC group received an equivalent quantity of peanut oil. Following sacrifice, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were recorded and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Liver histopathology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines C-Jun N-terminal kinase, C-Jun, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were measured using immunohistology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The results revealed that treatment with vitamin D markedly alleviated the pathological alterations of liver and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines at the protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, decreased levels of FPG, HOMA-IR and increased FINS were detected. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that vitamin D has therapeutic effects on diabetes-induced liver complications in T2DM model rats, which may involve the modulation of the inflammatory response, attenuating the crosstalk' between inflammation and IR and ameliorating hyperglycemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Lv
- Institute of Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Conghua Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Y E Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Vitamin D status among indigenous Mayan (Kekchi) and Afro-Caribe (Garifuna) adolescents from Guatemala: a comparative description between two ethnic groups residing on the Rio Dulce at the Caribbean coast in Izabal Province, Guatemala. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:1729-1737. [PMID: 27029545 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess vitamin D status and the influence of risk factors such as skin pigmentation and time spent outdoors on hypovitaminosis D among Guatemalan Kekchi and Garifuna adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, with convenient sampling design. Blood samples, anthropometric and behavioural data were all collected during the dry season. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by RIA. SETTING Communities of Rio Dulce and Livingston, Izabal Province, Caribbean coast of Guatemala, with latitude and longitude of 15°49'N and 88°45'W for Livingston and 15°46'N and 88°49'W for Rio Dulce, respectively. SUBJECTS Eighty-six adolescents, divided evenly by sex and ethnicity, with mean age of 14 years. RESULTS Mean (sd) 25(OH)D value was 27·8 (7·2) ng/ml for the total group, with 25·8 (5·9) and 29·8 (7·9) ng/ml, respectively, in Kekchis and Garifunas (P=0·01). Use of vitamin D supplementation, clothing practices and sun protection were not statistically different between groups. Skin area exposed on the day of data collection ranged from 20·0 % minimum to 49·4 % maximum, with mean (sd) exposure of 32·0 (8.5) %. With univariate regression analysis, age (P=0·034), sex (P=0·044), ethnicity (P=0·010), time spent outdoors (P=0·006) and percentage skin area exposed (P=0·001) were predictive. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only sex (P=0·034) and percentage skin area exposed (P=0·044) remained as predictors of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS Despite residing in an optimal geographic location for sunlight exposure, nearly 65 % of study adolescents were either insufficient or deficient in vitamin D. Correction and long-term prevention of this nutritional problem may be instrumental in avoiding adverse effects in adulthood attributed to low 25(OH)D during adolescence.
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Qi Q, Zheng Y, Huang T, Rood J, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Vitamin D metabolism-related genetic variants, dietary protein intake and improvement of insulin resistance in a 2 year weight-loss trial: POUNDS Lost. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2791-9. [PMID: 26416604 PMCID: PMC4631625 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Vitamin D and related genetic variants are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to examine whether vitamin D metabolism-related variants affect changes in body weight and insulin resistance in response to weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient content. METHODS Three vitamin D metabolism-related variants, DHCR7 rs12785878, CYP2R1 rs10741657 and GC rs2282679, were genotyped in 732 overweight/obese participants from a 2 year weight-loss trial (POUNDS Lost). We assessed genotype effects on changes in body weight, fasting levels of glucose and insulin, and HOMA-IR at 6 months (up to 656 participants) and 2 years (up to 596 participants) in response to low-protein vs high-protein diets, and low-fat vs high-fat diets. RESULTS We found significant interactions between DHCR7 rs12785878 and diets varying in protein, but not in fat, on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR at both 6 months (p for interaction <0.001) and 2 years (p for interaction ≤ 0.03). The T allele (vitamin-D-increasing allele) of DHCR7 rs12785878 was associated with greater decreases in insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.002) in response to high-protein diets, while there was no significant genotype effect on changes in these traits in the low-protein diet group. Generalised estimating equation analyses indicated significant genotype effects on trajectory of changes in insulin resistance over the 2 year intervention in response to high-protein diets (p < 0.001). We did not observe significant interaction between the other two variants and dietary protein or fat on changes in these traits. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that individuals carrying the T allele of DHCR7 rs12785878 might benefit more in improvement of insulin resistance than noncarriers by consuming high-protein weight-loss diets. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00072995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- LSU, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - George A Bray
- LSU, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 PMCID: PMC4642849 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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Does serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D decrease during acute-phase response? A systematic review. Nutr Res 2015; 35:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Seaman DR, Palombo AD. An Overview of the Identification and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome in Chiropractic Practice. J Chiropr Med 2014; 13:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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