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Karagöz H, Akça ÖF, Yıldırım MS, Zamani AG, Oflaz MB. Comparison of MicroRNA Levels of 18-60-month-old Autistic Children with Those of Their Siblings and Controls. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:322-332. [PMID: 38627079 PMCID: PMC11024707 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to compare the levels of 7 microRNAs (mi-RNAs) (mi-RNA-125b, mi-RNA-23a-3p, mi-RNA-146a-5p, mi-RNA-106a, mi-RNA-151a-3p, mi-RNA-28, mi-RNA-125a) in the blood of the preschool children with autism and those of their siblings with healthy controls, and to investigate the association between these mi-RNAs and the severity of autism, behavioral problems, and siblings' autistic traits. Methods A total of 35 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the ages of 18-60 months (patient group), 35 non-affected siblings of the ASD group (sibling group), and 30 control subjects (control group) were involved in the study. The severity of ASD was measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The behavioral problems of the children with ASD were assessed with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and the autistic traits of the siblings were assessed using the Autism spectrum screening scale for children. Results mi-RNA-106a-5p, mi-RNA-151a-3p, and mi-RNA-28-3p were found to be expressed significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between mi-RNA-23a and the sensory subscale of the ABC. mi-RNA-151a was significantly associated with sound sensitivity and mi-RNA-28 with echolalia. After controlling for age and sex, the differences between groups were disappeared. Conclusion The present study examined mi-RNAs that have been reported as biomarkers in the literature. Although several symptom clusters are found to be related to certain mi-RNA expression levels, they were not found to be significant in discriminating the patient and healthy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Karagöz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Binali Yıldırım University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Selman Yıldırım
- Department of Genetic, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Zamani
- Department of Genetic, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burhan Oflaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, Carmona-Garcia M, Gonzalez-Diaz A, Arequipa-Rendon A, Aranega AE, Franco D. MEF2C Directly Interacts with Pre-miRNAs and Distinct RNPs to Post-Transcriptionally Regulate miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 microRNA Cluster Member Expression. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38804364 PMCID: PMC11130849 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation constitutes a key step in gene expression regulation. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is a transcription factor of the MADS box family involved in the early development of several cell types, including muscle cells. Over the last decade, a novel layer of complexity modulating gene regulation has emerged as non-coding RNAs have been identified, impacting both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. microRNAs represent the most studied and abundantly expressed subtype of small non-coding RNAs, and their functional roles have been widely documented. On the other hand, our knowledge of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that drive microRNA expression is still incipient. We recently demonstrated that MEF2C is able to transactivate the long, but not short, regulatory element upstream of the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 transcriptional start site. However, MEF2C over-expression and silencing, respectively, displayed distinct effects on each of the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 mature cluster members without affecting pri-miRNA expression levels, thus supporting additional MEF2C-driven regulatory mechanisms. Within this study, we demonstrated a complex post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism directed by MEF2C in the regulation of miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster members, distinctly involving different domains of the MEF2C transcription factor and the physical interaction with pre-miRNAs and Ksrp, HnRNPa3 and Ddx17 transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel Carmona-Garcia
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Diaz
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Angela Arequipa-Rendon
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Batan S, Kuppuswamy S, Wood M, Reddy M, Annex B, Ganta V. Inhibiting anti-angiogenic VEGF165b activates a miR-17-20a-Calcipressin-3 pathway that revascularizes ischemic muscle in peripheral artery disease. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38182796 PMCID: PMC10770062 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VEGF165a increases the expression of the microRNA-17-92 cluster, promoting developmental, retinal, and tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that VEGF165b, an alternatively spliced anti-angiogenic VEGF-A isoform, inhibits the VEGFR-STAT3 pathway in ischemic endothelial cells (ECs) to decrease their angiogenic capacity. In ischemic macrophages (Møs), VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 to induce S100A8/A9 expression, which drives M1-like polarization. Our current study aims to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition promotes perfusion recovery by regulating the microRNA(miR)-17-92 cluster in preclinical PAD. METHODS Femoral artery ligation and resection was used as a preclinical PAD model. Hypoxia serum starvation (HSS) was used as an in vitro PAD model. VEGF165b was inhibited/neutralized by an isoform-specific VEGF165b antibody. RESULTS Here, we show that VEGF165b-inhibition induces the expression of miR-17-20a (within miR-17-92 (miR-17-18a-19a-19b-20a-92) cluster) in HSS-ECs and HSS-Møs vs. respective normal and/or isotype-matched IgG controls to enhance perfusion recovery. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis that revealed RCAN3 as a common target of miR-17 and miR-20a, Argonaute-2 pull-down assays showed decreased miR-17-20a expression and higher RCAN3 expression in the RNA-induced silencing complex of HSS-ECs and HSS-Møs vs. respective controls. Inhibiting miR-17-20a induced RCAN3 levels to decrease ischemic angiogenesis and promoted M1-like polarization to impair perfusion recovery. Finally, using STAT3 inhibitors, S100A8/A9 silencers, and VEGFR1-deficient ECs and Møs, we show that VEGF165b-inhibition activates the miR-17-20a-RCAN3 pathway independent of VEGFR1-STAT3 or VEGFR1-S100A8/A9 in ischemic-ECs and ischemic-Møs respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a hereunto unrecognized therapeutic 'miR-17-20a-RCAN3' pathway in the ischemic vasculature that is VEGFR1-STAT3/S100A8/A9 independent and is activated only upon VEGF165b-inhibition in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Batan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sivaraman Kuppuswamy
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Madison Wood
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Meghana Reddy
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Brian Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Pan X, Huang X, Zhang B, Pei F, Zhao Z, Cen X. miR-20a-5p regulated SMAD6 to inhibit chondrogenesis of hDPSCs. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3433-3446. [PMID: 35917232 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chondrogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is highly promising for cartilage repair. The specific mechanism, however, still needs to be explicated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we isolated hDPSCs and transfected cells with lentiviruses containing an over-expression, knock-down, or negative control of miR-20a-5p. Three-D pellet cultures of hDPSCs were used for the chondrogenic induction. Following the pellet culture period, chondrogenesis was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis and expression of chondrogenic-related genes. Dual-luciferase report assay was performed to determine potential targeted genes of miR-20a-5p, and the phosphorylation levels of P65 and IκBα were explored. Animal experiments were performed to determine the effect of miR-20a-5p on cartilage regeneration. RESULTS miR-20a-5p was showed to repress the expression of SMAD6 to inhibit the chondrogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Accordingly, the knock-down of miR-20a-5p promoted cartilage regeneration in the osteochondral defects of rats. Mechanically, it is indicated that NF-κB signaling is the potential down-stream network of miR-20a-5p/Smad6 crosstalk during chondrogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS miR-20a-5p could target SMAD6 to activate NF-κB signaling pathway, and thus inhibit chondrogenesis of hDPSCs, which provided promising therapeutic target for cartilage defects clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Visconte C, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Muti P, Sacconi A, Rigoni M, Arighi A, Borracci V, Arcaro M, Arosio B, Ferri E, Golia MT, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Altered Extracellular Vesicle miRNA Profile in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14749. [PMID: 37834197 PMCID: PMC10572781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released by almost all body tissues, representing important mediators of cellular communication, and are thus promising candidate biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to isolate total EVs from plasma and characterize their microRNA (miRNA) contents in AD patients. We isolated total EVs from the plasma of all recruited subjects using ExoQuickULTRA exosome precipitation solution (SBI). Subsequently, circulating total EVs were characterized using Nanosight nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. A panel of 754 miRNAs was determined with RT-qPCR using TaqMan OpenArray technology in a QuantStudio 12K System (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The results demonstrated that plasma EVs showed widespread deregulation of specific miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-532-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-451a), some of which were already known to be associated with neurological pathologies. A further validation analysis also confirmed a significant upregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-451a in prodromal AD patients, suggesting these dysregulated miRNAs are involved in the early progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Serpente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marta Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Vittoria Borracci
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
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Batan S, Kuppuswamy S, Wood M, Reddy M, Annex BH, Ganta VC. Inhibiting Anti-angiogenic VEGF165b Activates a Novel miR-17-20a-Calcipressin-3 Pathway that Revascularizes Ischemic Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3213504. [PMID: 37645966 PMCID: PMC10462251 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3213504/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background VEGF165a increases the expression of microRNA-17-92 cluster, promoting developmental, retinal, and tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that VEGF165b, an alternatively spliced VEGF-A isoform, inhibits the VEGFR-STAT3 pathway in ischemic endothelial cells (ECs) to decrease their angiogenic capacity. In ischemic macrophages (Møs), VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 to induce S100A8/A9 expression, which drives M1-like polarization. Our current study aims to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition promotes perfusion recovery by regulating the miR-17-92 cluster in preclinical PAD. Methods Hind limb ischemia (HLI) induced by femoral artery ligation and resection was used as a preclinical PAD model. Hypoxia serum starvation (HSS) was used as an in vitro PAD model. VEGF165b was inhibited/neutralized by an isoform-specific VEGF165b antibody. Results Systematic analysis of miR-17-92 cluster members (miR-17-18a-19a-19b-20a-92) in experimental-PAD models showed that VEGF165b-inhibition induces miRNA-17-20a (within miR-17-92 cluster) in HSS-ECs and HSS-bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) vs. respective normal and/or isotype matched IgG controls to enhance perfusion-recovery. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis that revealed RCAN3 as a common target of miR-17 and miR-20a, Argonaute-2 pull-down assays showed decreased miR-17-20a expression and higher RCAN3 expression in the RISC complex of HSS-ECs and HSS-BMDMs vs. the respective controls. Inhibiting miR-17-20a induced RCAN3 levels to decrease ischemic angiogenesis and promoted M1-like polarization to impair perfusion recovery. Finally, using STAT3 inhibitors, S100A8/A9 silencers and VEGFR1-deficient ECs and Møs, we show that VEGF165b inhibition activates the miR-17-20a-RCAN3 pathway independent of VEGFR1-STAT3 or VEGFR1-S100A8/A9 in ischemic ECs and ischemic Møs, respectively. Conclusion Our data revealed a hereunto unrecognized therapeutic 'miR-17-20a-RCAN3' pathway in the ischemic vasculature that is VEGFR1-STAT3/S100A8/A9 independent and is activated only upon VEGF165b inhibition in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - S Kuppuswamy
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - M Wood
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - M Reddy
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - B H Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - V C Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
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miRNA Profiles of Canine Intestinal Carcinomas, Lymphomas and Enteritis Analysed by Digital Droplet PCR from FFPE Material. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020125. [PMID: 36851429 PMCID: PMC9966613 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most canine intestinal tumours are B-cell or T-cell lymphomas or carcinomas. They have to be distinguished from cases of enteritis. Non-invasive biomarkers such as miRNAs would be a step towards faster diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate shifts in miRNA expression in tissue samples collected from cases of enteritis, carcinoma and lymphoma of the small and large intestine to better understand the potential of miRNA as biomarkers for tumour diagnosis and classification. We selected two oncogenic miRNAs (miR-18b and 20b), two tumour suppressive miRNAs (miR-192 and 194) and two potential biomarkers for neoplasms (miR-126 and 214). They were isolated from FFPE material, quantified by ddPCR, normalised with RNU6B and compared with normal tissue values. Our results confirmed that ddPCR is a suitable method for quantifying miRNA from FFPE material. Expression of miR-18b and miR-192 was higher in carcinomas of the small intestine than in those of the large intestine. Specific miRNA patterns were observed in cases of enteritis, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma and carcinoma. However, oncogenic miR-18b and 20b were not elevated in any group and miR-126 and 214 were down-regulated in T-cell and B-cell lymphoma, as well as in carcinomas and lymphoplasmacytic enteritis of the small intestine.
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Hasani Fard AH, Valizadeh M, Mazaheri Z, Hosseini SJ. miR-106b-5p Intensifies the Proliferative Potential of Spermatogonial Stem Cells as a Prerequisite for Male Infertility Treatment. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3394-3403. [PMID: 35320579 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have investigated the molecular basis of male infertility, various aspects of this area have remained uncovered. Over the past years, researchers have reported the significant potential of miRNAs in posttranscriptional regulatory roles. By targeting mRNAs, these notable molecules can modulate the processes related to male infertility. On the other side, the outstanding potential of male germline stem cells, SSCs, includes their application in infertility treatment. SSCs retain normal spermatogenesis and fertility by adjusting both SSC self-renewal and differentiation. Therefore, for the characterization and manipulation of SSCs, effective and efficient in vitro culture methods are essential in supporting their maintenance and development. In this regard, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the impact of one of the recently conspicuous miRNAs, miR-106b, in SSCs enrichment. As a result, we first found that the SSCs induced with miR-106b-5p highly express TGF-β1, which is known as a regulator of epigenetic modifiers and downstream genes. We next sought to show that self-renewal markers, including c-Myc, Oct-4, and Sox2, are increased in the induced SSC group. The intended miRNA also induced the inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) and aided to remain unmethylated in SSCs. Additionally, for the tumorigenicity possibility of the manipulation, we indicated that PTEN, a tumor-suppressor gene, expressed remarkably in the induced SSCs. In conclusion, our findings showed that miR-106b-5p enhances the proliferative potential of SSCs, making it a substantial factor for therapeutic strategies of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Hasani Fard
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Valizadeh
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Hosseini
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pathological Findings in Gastrointestinal Neoplasms and Polyps in 860 Cats and a Pilot Study on miRNA Analyses. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090477. [PMID: 36136693 PMCID: PMC9500658 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal masses in cats are of clinical relevance, but pathological studies with larger case numbers are lacking. Biomarkers such as miRNA have not yet been investigated in feline intestinal neoplasms. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pathology reports included 860 feline gastrointestinal masses. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 91 lymphomas, 10 sarcomas and 7 mast cell tumours (MCT). Analyses of miRNA-20b and miRNA-192 were performed on 11 lymphomas, 5 carcinomas and 5 control tissues by ddPCR. Results: The pathological diagnosis identified 679 lymphomas, 122 carcinomas, 28 sarcomas, 23 polyps, 7 MCT and 1 leiomyoma. Carcinomas and polyps were most commonly found in the large intestine, lymphomas were most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine and MCT only occurred in the small intestine. Besides the well-described small-cell, mitotic count <2 T-cell lymphomas and the large-cell B-cell lymphomas with a high mitotic count, several variants of lymphomas were identified. The values of miRNA-20b were found to be up-regulated in samples of all types of cancer, whereas miRNA-192 was only up-regulated in carcinomas and B-cell lymphomas. Conclusions: The histopathological and immunohistochemical (sub-)classification of feline intestinal masses confirmed the occurrence of different tumour types, with lymphoma being the most frequent neoplasm. Novel biomarkers such as miRNA-20b and miRNA-192 might have diagnostic potential in feline intestinal neoplasms and should be further investigated.
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10
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Louro AF, Paiva MA, Oliveira MR, Kasper KA, Alves PM, Gomes‐Alves P, Serra M. Bioactivity and miRNome Profiling of Native Extracellular Vesicles in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104296. [PMID: 35322574 PMCID: PMC9130911 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are an attractive therapy to boost cardiac regeneration. Nevertheless, identification of native EV and corresponding cell platform(s) suitable for therapeutic application, is still a challenge. Here, EV are isolated from key stages of the human induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) differentiation and maturation, i.e., from hiPSC (hiPSC-EV), cardiac progenitors, immature and mature cardiomyocytes, with the aim of identifying a promising cell biofactory for EV production, and pinpoint the genetic signatures of bioactive EV. EV secreted by hiPSC and cardiac derivatives show a typical size distribution profile and the expression of specific EV markers. Bioactivity assays show increased tube formation and migration in HUVEC treated with hiPSC-EV compared to EV from committed cell populations. hiPSC-EV also significantly increase cell cycle activity of hiPSC-CM. Global miRNA expression profiles, obtained by small RNA-seq analysis, corroborate an EV-miRNA pattern indicative of stem cell to cardiomyocyte specification, confirming that hiPSC-EV are enriched in pluripotency-associated miRNA with higher in vitro pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative properties. In particular, a stemness maintenance miRNA cluster upregulated in hiPSC-EV targets the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, involved in cell proliferation and survival. Overall, the findings validate hiPSC as cell biofactories for EV production for cardiac regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Louro
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Marta A. Paiva
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Marta R. Oliveira
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Katharina A. Kasper
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes‐Alves
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaApartado 12Oeiras2781‐901Portugal
- ITQB‐NOVAInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaOeiras2780‐157Portugal
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11
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Guz M, Jeleniewicz W, Cybulski M. An Insight into miR-1290: An Oncogenic miRNA with Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031234. [PMID: 35163157 PMCID: PMC8835968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than two decades, the view of the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been radically changing. These RNA molecules that are transcribed from our genome do not have the capacity to encode proteins, but are critical regulators of gene expression at different levels. Our knowledge is constantly enriched by new reports revealing the role of these new molecular players in the development of many pathological conditions, including cancer. One of the ncRNA classes includes short RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression affecting various cellular processes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive function is associated with cancer initiation, promotion, malignant transformation, progression and metastasis. Oncogenic miRNAs, also known as oncomirs, mediate the downregulation of tumor-suppressor genes and their expression is upregulated in cancer. Nowadays, miRNAs show promising application in diagnosis, prediction, disease monitoring and therapy response. Our review presents a current view of the oncogenic role of miR-1290 with emphasis on its properties as a cancer biomarker in clinical medicine.
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12
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Wickman JR, Luo X, Li W, Jean-Toussaint R, Sahbaie P, Sacan A, Clark JD, Ajit SK. Circulating microRNAs from the mouse tibia fracture model reflect the signature from patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e950. [PMID: 34514274 PMCID: PMC8425838 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) often results from an initial trauma that later produces a disproportionate amount of pain. The mechanisms underlying CRPS have been studied using a tibia fracture model (TFM) in rodents because this model closely mimics symptoms and has several molecular correlates observed in patients with CRPS. OBJECTIVE Here, we determined whether the TFM has alterations in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines transported by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that faithfully model previously reported miRNA alterations from patients with CRPS. METHODS We isolated and characterized serum-derived sEVs from mice 3 weeks after fracture when symptoms such as pain hypersensitivity develop. Whole-transcriptome profiling was used to determine sEV miRNAs, and Bio-Plex Pro Mouse Cytokine 23-plex assay was used to measure cytokines. Differentially expressed miRNAs from TFM were compared with previously reported circulating miRNA alterations from patients with CRPS. RESULTS Although sEV cytokine levels were unchanged, there were significant changes in sEV miRNA profiles. Differentially expressed miRNAs from TFM sEVs significantly overlapped with those previously reported in patients with CRPS. Of the 57 sEV miRNAs dysregulated in the TFM, 30 were previously reported in patients with CRPS compared with healthy control donors both in sEVs and 23 in whole blood. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance the validity of TFM as a model for CRPS and suggest that specific miRNA dysregulation may be a shared feature of CRPS and the TFM. These dysregulated miRNAs could help identify mechanistic targets or serve as biomarker candidates for both diagnosis and treatment responses in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Wickman
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuan Luo
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenwu Li
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Renee Jean-Toussaint
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ahmet Sacan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seena K. Ajit
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Stoen MJ, Andersen S, Rakaee M, Pedersen MI, Ingebriktsen LM, Bremnes RM, Donnem T, Lombardi APG, Kilvaer TK, Busund LT, Richardsen E. High expression of miR-17-5p in tumor epithelium is a predictor for poor prognosis for prostate cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13864. [PMID: 34226620 PMCID: PMC8257715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, which are involved in the development of various malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). miR-17-5p is considered the most prominent member of the miR-17-92 cluster, with an essential regulatory function of fundamental cellular processes. In many malignancies, up-regulation of miR-17-5p is associated with worse outcome. In PCa, miR-17-5p has been reported to increase cell proliferation and the risk of metastasis. In this study, prostatectomy specimens from 535 patients were collected. Tissue microarrays were constructed and in situ hybridization was performed, followed by scoring of miR-17-5p expression on different tumor compartments. High expression of miR-17-5p in tumor epithelium was associated with biochemical failure (BF, p < 0.001) and clinical failure (CF, p = 0.019). In multivariate analyses, high miR-17-5p expression in tumor epithelial cells was an independent negative prognostic factor for BF (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.67, p < 0.001). In vitro analyses confirmed association between overexpression of miR-17-5p and proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145). In conclusion, our study suggests that a high cancer cell expression of miR-17-5p was an independent negative prognostic factor in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jenvin Stoen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.
| | - S Andersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - M Rakaee
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.,Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - M I Pedersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - L M Ingebriktsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - R M Bremnes
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - T Donnem
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - A P G Lombardi
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - T K Kilvaer
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - L T Busund
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - E Richardsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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14
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Jung JH, Ikeda G, Tada Y, von Bornstädt D, Santoso MR, Wahlquist C, Rhee S, Jeon YJ, Yu AC, O'brien CG, Red-Horse K, Appel EA, Mercola M, Woo J, Yang PC. miR-106a-363 cluster in extracellular vesicles promotes endogenous myocardial repair via Notch3 pathway in ischemic heart injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:19. [PMID: 33742276 PMCID: PMC8601755 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous capability of the post-mitotic human heart holds great promise to restore the injured myocardium. Recent evidence indicates that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate cardiac homeostasis and regeneration. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of EVs for self-repair. We isolated EVs from human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs), which were exposed to hypoxic (hEVs) and normoxic conditions (nEVs), and examined their roles in in vitro and in vivo models of cardiac injury. hEV treatment significantly improved the viability of hypoxic iCMs in vitro and cardiac function of severely injured murine myocardium in vivo. Microarray analysis of the EVs revealed significantly enriched expression of the miR-106a-363 cluster (miR cluster) in hEVs vs. nEVs. This miR cluster preserved survival and contractility of hypoxia-injured iCMs and maintained murine left-ventricular (LV) chamber size, improved LV ejection fraction, and reduced myocardial fibrosis of the injured myocardium. RNA-Seq analysis identified Jag1-Notch3-Hes1 as a target intracellular pathway of the miR cluster. Moreover, the study found that the cell cycle activator and cytokinesis genes were significantly up-regulated in the iCMs treated with miR cluster and Notch3 siRNA. Together, these results suggested that the miR cluster in the EVs stimulated cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry by repressing Notch3 to induce cell proliferation and augment myocardial self-repair. The miR cluster may represent an effective therapeutic approach for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gentaro Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yuko Tada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel von Bornstädt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michelle R Santoso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christine Wahlquist
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Connor G O'brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr, BMI 3053, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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15
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Gregorova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Sevcikova S. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33809566 PMCID: PMC8002357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gregorova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Yang L, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang J, Dong B. MiR-92 Family Members Form a Cluster Required for Notochord Tubulogenesis in Urochordate Ciona savignyi. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030406. [PMID: 33809016 PMCID: PMC8001136 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are frequently clustered in the genome and polycistronically transcribed, regulating targeted genes in diverse signaling pathways. The miR-17-92 cluster is a typical miRNA cluster, playing crucial roles in the organogenesis and homeostasis of physiological processes in vertebrates. Here, we identified three miRNAs (csa-miR-92a, csa-miR-92b, and csa-miR-92c) that belonged to the miR-92 family and formed a miRNA cluster in the genome of a urochordate marine ascidian Ciona savignyi. Except for miR-92a and miR-92b, other homologs of the vertebrate miR-17-92 cluster members could not be identified in the Ciona genome. We further found that the mature sequences of urochordate miR-92 family members were highly conserved compared with the vertebrate species. The expression pattern revealed that three miR-92 family members had consistent expression levels in adult tissues and were predominantly expressed in heart and muscle tissue. We further showed that, at the embryonic and larval stages, csa-miR-92c was expressed in the notochord of embryos during 18–31 h post fertilization (hpf) by in situ hybridization. Knockout of csa-miR-92c resulted in the disorganization of notochord cells and the block of lumen coalescence in the notochord. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt)/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways might be involved in the regulatory processes, since a large number of core genes of these pathways were the predicted target genes of the miR-92 family. Taken together, we identified a miR-92 cluster in urochordate Ciona and revealed the expression patterns and the regulatory roles of its members in organogenesis. Our results provide expression and phylogenetic data on the understanding of the miR-92 miRNA cluster’s function during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bo Dong
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-82032732
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17
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Chen W, Hao X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Sun L, Hua Y, Yang L, Yu J, Zhao J, Hou L, Lu H. MYCN‑amplified neuroblastoma cell‑derived exosomal miR‑17‑5p promotes proliferation and migration of non‑MYCN amplified cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:245. [PMID: 33537818 PMCID: PMC7893779 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered a highly prevalent extracranial solid tumor in young children, and the upregulation of N‑myc proto‑oncogene (MYCN) is closely associated with the late stages of NB and poor prognostic outcomes. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of exosomal microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑17‑5p from MYCN‑amplified NB cells on the proliferative and migratory potential of non‑MYCN amplified NB cells. miR‑17‑5p was found to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade by targeting PTEN, and the overexpression of miR‑17‑5p was found to promote cellular migration and proliferation in vitro. Further experimentation revealed that the elevated expression of miR‑17‑5p in SK‑N‑BE(2) cell‑derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferative and migratory capacities of SH‑SY5Y cells by inhibiting PTEN. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that miR‑17‑5p derived from MYCN‑amplified NB cell exosomes promoted the migration and proliferation of non‑MYCN amplified cells, highlighting an exosome‑associated malignant role for miR‑17‑5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiwei Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Binyi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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18
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Li K, Chen J, Lou X, Li Y, Qian B, Xu D, Wu Y, Ma S, Zhang D, Cui W. HNRNPA2B1 Affects the Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer by Regulating the miR-17-92 Cluster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658642. [PMID: 34277606 PMCID: PMC8278577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of m6A modification significantly correlates with tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we observed an increased expression and positive correlations of all 25 m6A regulators in esophageal cancer (ESCA) data obtained from the TCGA database. Through expression profiling of these regulators, a prognostic score model containing HNRNPA2B1, ALKBH5, and HNRNPG was established, and the high-risk subgroup exhibited strong positive correlations with ESCA progression and outcome. The risk score obtained from this model may represent an independent predictor of ESCA prognosis. Notably, the gene most frequently associated with increased risk was HNRNPA2B1; in ESCA, the increased expression of this gene alone predicted poor prognosis by affecting tumor-promoting signaling pathways through miR-17-92 cluster. An experimental study demonstrated that elevated HNRNPA2B1 expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and lymph node stage, and predicted the poor outcomes of ESCA patients. Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 significantly decreased the expression of miR-17, miR-18a, miR-20a, miR-93, and miR-106b and inhibited the proliferation of ESCA cells. Therefore, our study indicated that the dynamic changes in 25 m6A regulators were associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with ESCA. Importantly, HNRNPA2B1 alone may affect the prognosis of patients with ESCA by regulating the miR-17-92 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongyu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoying Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Benheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Cui,
| | - Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Donghong Zhang,
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In silico analysis of CpG islands and miRNAs potentially regulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:513-519. [PMID: 32994772 PMCID: PMC7507169 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.98245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Searching for new therapeutic possibilities constitutes a challenge for modern medicine and an answer to better understanding of molecular mechanisms of pro-inflammatory diseases. The JAK-STAT pathway plays an important role in the inflammatory processes, which is supported by the fact that its inhibitors are used to treat, for instance, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Aim To determine whether the epigenetic mechanisms – methylation of gene promotion regions and miRNAs may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for JAK-STAT pathway inhibition. Material and methods Basing on MethPrimer (plus CpG Island Prediction) program and microrna.org database of the said mechanism in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, the gene expression was performed, indicating or excluding the possibility of their use as new potential therapeutic strategies. Results A different number of CpG islands (CGI) for each gene (JAK1-4 CGI; JAK2-2 CGI; JAK3-5 CGI, TYK2-6 CGI; STAT1-2 CGI; STAT2-1 CGI; STAT3-3 CGI; STAT5A-4 CGI; STAT5B-3 CGI) might be a new therapeutic goal. What is more, our results show that genes associated with JAK-STAT signalling pathways can be regulated by miRNAs (JAK1-42 miRNAs; JAK2-47 miRNAs; JAK3-15 miRNAs, TYK2-4 miRNAs; STAT1-17 miRNAs; STAT2-30 miRNAs, STAT3-36 miRNAs, STAT4-15 miRNAs; STAT5A-10 miRNAs; STAT5B-23 miRNAs). Conclusions The epigenetic mechanisms of the regulation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway gene expression constitute a promising new therapeutic strategy for treatment of those diseases, during which disorders are observed in gene expression models of the analysed signalling pathway.
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Expression patterns of seven key genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a and miR-93 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12342. [PMID: 32704077 PMCID: PMC7378835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and a major cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Incidence of GC is affected by various factors, including genetic and environmental factors. Despite extensive research has been done for molecular characterization of GC, it remains largely unknown. Therefore, further studies specially conducted among various ethnicities in different geographic locations, are required to know the precise molecular mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis and progression of GC. The expression patterns of seven candidate genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a, and miR-93 were determined in 24 paired GC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues by quantitative Real-Time PCR. The association between the expression of these genes and clinicopathologic factors were also investigated. Our results demonstrated that overall mRNA levels of GATA6 were significantly decreased in the tumor samples in comparison with the non-cancerous tissues (median fold change (FC) = 0.3143; P = 0.0003). Overall miR-93 levels were significantly increased in the tumor samples relative to the non-cancerous gastric tissues (FC = 2.441; P = 0.0002). β-catenin mRNA expression showed a strong positive correlation with miR-34a (r = 0.5784; P = 0.0031), and miR-181a (r = 0.5652; P = 0.004) expression. miR-34a and miR-181a expression showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.4862; P = 0.016). Moreover, lower expression of Notch1 was related to distant metastasis in GC patients with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.0549). These data may advance our understanding of the molecular biology that drives GC as well as provide potential targets for defining novel therapeutic strategies for GC treatment.
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Cron MA, Guillochon É, Kusner L, Le Panse R. Role of miRNAs in Normal and Myasthenia Gravis Thymus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1074. [PMID: 32587589 PMCID: PMC7297979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus, a primary lymphoid organ, provides a complex environment essential for the generation of the T-cell repertoire. Thymic alterations occur during life either in the context of thymic involution upon aging or the pathophysiological context of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). These changes involve complicated regulatory networks, in which microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players. Here, we analyzed the role of miRNAs in thymocyte maturation and differentiation sustained by thymic epithelial cells. We compared data from the literature regarding the role of mouse thymic miRNAs and original data obtained from a human thymic miRnome study. We identified a set of highly expressed miRNAs defined as ThymiRs and investigated miRNA expression in infants as compared to adults to determine those associated with human thymic involution. Thymic changes are also frequently observed in MG, an autoimmune disease which results in the production of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies that lead to muscle weaknesses. Alterations such as thymoma in late-onset MG patients and hyperplasia with ectopic germinal centers (GCs) in early-onset (EOMG) patients are found. Thymic miRNA expression has been studied in AChR-MG patients both in thymoma-associated MG (TAMG) and EOMG, and their function through their mRNA targets investigated. Most of the dysregulated thymic miRNAs in EOMG are associated with GC development, such as miR-7, miR-24, miR-139, miR-143, miR-145, miR-146, miR-150, miR-452, miR-548 or thymic inflammation, such as miR-125b, miR-146, or miR-29. Understanding these pathways may provide therapeutic targets or biomarkers of disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A Cron
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Émilie Guillochon
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Linda Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
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hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p Affect Expression of PTEN and BIM Tumor Suppressor Genes and Modulate Survival of T-ALL Cells In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051137. [PMID: 32380791 PMCID: PMC7290785 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy arising from T lymphocyte precursors. We have previously shown by miRNA-seq, that miRNAs from the mir-106a-363 cluster are overexpressed in pediatric T-ALL. In silico analysis indicated their potential involvement in the regulation of apoptosis. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis on the pro-tumorigenic roles of these miRNAs in T-ALL cells in vitro. We demonstrate, for the first time, that hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p from the mir-106a-363 cluster, when upregulated in T-ALL cells in vitro, protect leukemic cells from apoptosis, enhance proliferation, and contribute to growth advantage. We show, using dual luciferase reporter assays, Ago2-RNA immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, and Western blots, that the oncogenic effects of these upregulated miRNAs might, at least in part, be mediated by the downregulation of two important tumor suppressor genes, PTEN and BIM, targeted by both miRNAs. Additionally, we demonstrate the cooperative effects of these two miRNAs by simultaneous inhibition of both miRNAs as compared to the inhibition of single miRNAs. We postulate that hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p from the mir-106a-363 cluster might serve as oncomiRs in T-ALL, by contributing to post-transcriptional repression of key tumor suppressors, PTEN and BIM.
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Joos D, Leipig-Rudolph M, Weber K. Tumour-specific microRNA expression pattern in canine intestinal T-cell-lymphomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:502-508. [PMID: 31997569 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal T-cell lymphomas are common in dogs, but histopathological diagnosis remains challenging because of accompanying enteritis with lymphocyte involvement. Invasively taken full-layer biopsies are still required for reliable differentiation. The detection of specific microRNA expression patterns in canine intestinal T-cell lymphoma could provide new possibilities to differ intestinal lymphoma from benign inflammation and could lead to further understanding of lymphomagenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize microRNA expression in distinct groups of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from canine intestinal T-cell lymphomas, lymphoplasmacellular enteritis and healthy intestinal tissue. In a preliminary test with two samples per group, total RNA was extracted (RNEasy FFPE Kit, Qiagen), reverse transcribed (miScript II RT Kit, Qiagen) and pre-amplified (miScript PreAmp PCR Kit, Qiagen). We performed comparative quantitative PCR on microRNA PCR Array plates (Qiagen) with pre-fabricated reactions for 183 different mature canine microRNAs. Subsequently, 12 microRNAs with conspicuous expression changes in the lymphoma group were selected and microRNA expression of all samples (n = 8) per group was analysed with individual microRNA assays (miScript Primer Assays, Qiagen) on the reverse transcribed RNA without pre-amplification. Our results revealed lymphoma-specific expression patterns, with down-regulation of the tumour-suppressing microRNAs miR-194, miR-192, miR-141 and miR-203, and up-regulation of oncogenic microRNAs, including microRNAs from the miR-106a~363 cluster. In addition, we detected only slight expression alterations between healthy intestinal tissue and lymphoplasmacellular enteritis cases. We conclude that microRNA expression patterns can be used to separate T-cell lymphomas from healthy tissue and benign inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Joos
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Leipig-Rudolph
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Pathology von Bomhard and Pfleghaar, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Gon Y, Shimizu T, Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Hikichi M. Molecular techniques for respiratory diseases: MicroRNA and extracellular vesicles. Respirology 2019; 25:149-160. [PMID: 31872560 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNA are a class of evolutionarily conserved non-coding 19- to 22-nt regulatory RNA. They affect various cellular functions through modulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of their target mRNA by changing the stability of protein-coding transcripts or attenuating protein translation. miRNA were discovered in the early 1990s, and they have been the focus of new research in both basic and clinical medical sciences. Today, it has become clear that specific miRNA are linked to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, EV, including exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, were found to contain various functional miRNA that can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. As body fluids, such as blood and respiratory secretions, are major miRNA sources in the body, EV carrying extracellular miRNA are considered potentially useful for the diagnosis and assessment of pathological conditions, as well as the treatment of respiratory or other diseases. Although research in the field of lung cancer is actively progressing, studies in other respiratory fields have emerged recently as well. In this review, we provide an update in the topics of miRNA and EV focused on airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and COPD, and explore their potential for clinical applications on respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sastre D, Baiochi J, de Souza Lima IM, Canto de Souza F, Corveloni AC, Thomé CH, Faça VM, Schiavinato JLDS, Covas DT, Panepucci RA. Focused screening reveals functional effects of microRNAs differentially expressed in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1239. [PMID: 31864341 PMCID: PMC6925883 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have pointed to an important role of microRNAs in carcinogenesis. Several microRNAs are described as aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues and in the serum of patients. However, functional outcomes of microRNA aberrant expression still need to be explored at the cellular level. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of microRNAs aberrantly expressed in CRC samples in the proliferation and cell death of a CRC cell line. METHODS We transfected 31 microRNA mimics into HCT116 cells. Total number of live propidium iodide negative (PI-) and dead (PI+) cells were measured 4 days post-transfection by using a high content screening (HCS) approach. HCS was further used to evaluate apoptosis (via Annexin V and PI staining), and to discern between intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, by detecting cleaved Caspase 9 and 8, respectively. To reveal mRNA targets and potentially involved mechanisms, we performed microarray gene expression and functional pathway enrichment analysis. Quantitative PCR and western blot were used to validate potential mRNA targets. RESULTS Twenty microRNAs altered the proliferation of HCT116 cells in comparison to control. miR-22-3p, miR-24-3p, and miR-101-3p significantly repressed cell proliferation and induced cell death. Interestingly, all anti-proliferative microRNAs in our study had been previously described as poorly expressed in the CRC samples. Predicted miR-101-3p targets that were also downregulated by in our microarray were enriched for genes associated with Wnt and cancer pathways, including MCL-1, a member of the BCL-2 family, involved in apoptosis. Interestingly, miR-101-3p preferentially downregulated the long anti-apoptotic MCL-1 L isoform, and reduced cell survival specifically by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, miR-101-3p also downregulated IL6ST, STAT3A/B, and MYC mRNA levels, genes associated with stemness properties of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS microRNAs upregulated in CRC tend to induce proliferation in vitro, whereas microRNAs poorly expressed in CRC halt proliferation and induce cell death. We provide novel evidence linking preferential inhibition of the anti-apoptotic MCL-1 L isoform by miR-101-3p and consequent activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as potential mechanisms for its antitumoral activity, likely due to the inhibition of the IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sastre
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá., Belém, Pará CEP 66075-110 Brazil
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - João Baiochi
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Ildercilio Mota de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Felipe Canto de Souza
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Corveloni
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassib Thomé
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Josiane Lilian dos Santos Schiavinato
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Laboratory of Functional Biology (LFBio), Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 2501., Ribeirão Preto, SP 14051-140 Brazil
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Hasvik E, Schjølberg T, Jacobsen DP, Haugen AJ, Grøvle L, Schistad EI, Gjerstad J. Up-regulation of circulating microRNA-17 is associated with lumbar radicular pain following disc herniation. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:186. [PMID: 31409426 PMCID: PMC6693234 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggest that regulatory microRNAs (miRs) may modulate neuro-inflammatory processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of miR-17 following intervertebral disc herniation. Methods In a cohort of 97 patients with leg pain and disc herniation verified on MRI, we investigated the association between circulating miR-17 and leg pain intensity. A rat model was used to examine possible changes in miR-17 expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) associated with leak of NP tissue out of the herniated disc. The functional role of miR-17 was addressed by transfection of miR-17 into THP-1 cells (human monocyte cell line). Results An association between the level of miR-17 in serum and the intensity of lumbar radicular pain was shown. Up-regulation of miR-17 in the rat NP tissue when applied onto spinal nerve roots and increased release of TNF following transfection of miR-17 into THP-1 cells were also observed. Hence, our data suggest that miR-17 may be involved in the pathophysiology underlying lumbar radicular pain after disc herniation. Conclusions We conclude that miR-17 may be associated with the intensity of lumbar radicular pain after disc herniation, possibly through a TNF-driven pro-inflammatory mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1967-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Hasvik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.
| | - Tiril Schjølberg
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Pitz Jacobsen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Grøvle
- Department of Rheumatology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | | | - Johannes Gjerstad
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Liu H, Ma L, Wang J. Overexpression of miR-25 is associated with progression and poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2687-2694. [PMID: 31555370 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly aggressive type of malignancy. MicroRNA (miR)-25 has been demonstrated to be involved in the genesis of numerous cancer types. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value and functional role of miR-25 in CCA. The expression of miR-25 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR. The association between miR-25 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox linear regression were performed to explore the prognostic value of miR-25. The effects of miR-25 on the biological behavior of CCA cells were determined using loss-and gain-of-function experiments in CCA cell lines. Upregulated miR-25 expression was observed in CCA tissues and cell lines compared with that in the respective controls (all P<0.05). Patients with high expression of miR-25 in CCA tissues had a comparatively higher tumor-nodes-metastasis stage (P=0.026), a higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.032) and a shorter overall survival rate (log-rank P=0.022). miR-25 was determined to be an independent prognostic factor for CCA patients (P=0.036). In vitro, transfection with miR-25 inhibitor suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion, while miR-25 mimics had the opposite effect. These results indicated that miR-25 functions as an oncogene and is involved in tumor progression in CCA. miR-25 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Lujuan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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Li F, Huang J, Liu J, Xu W, Yuan Z. Multivariate analysis of clinicopathological and prognostic significance of miRNA 106b~25 cluster in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:200. [PMID: 31384175 PMCID: PMC6664745 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA 106b~25 cluster were demonstrated to be an oncogene. In previous study, we had analyzed the diagnostic significance of miRNA 106b~25 based on its carcinogenesis effect. The significance of miRNA 106b~25 for prognosis of gastric cancer were not researched. Methods We applied multivariate analysis of PCA, PLS-DA and Cox Regression for clinicopathological features and survival time to explore the significance of miRNA 106b~25 expression in plasma and cancer tissues for gastric cancer. Results The expression of miRNA 106b, miRNA 93 and miRNA 25 in plasma were positively correlated with their expression in tumor tissues. Via PCA analysis, it was found that miRNA 106b~25 expression in plasma and tumor, T, N and TNM stage were correlated with each other. Via PLS-DA analysis, we identified that T, N and TNM stage were important factors for miRNA 106b~25 expression both in plasma and tumor (all VIP value > 1.2). According to loading weights of variables for the first and second components, it was found that the importance of the miRNA 106b~25s expression carried with the progressed stage of gastric cancer. In the survival analysis, COX regression showed that T stage, plasma miRNA 106b and tumor miRNA 93 were significant risk factors for overall survival [HR: 0.400 (0.205–0.780); P = 0.007; HR: 0.371 (0.142–0.969), P = 0.043; 0.295 (0.134–0.650), P = 0.002]. Conclusion Plasma and tumor miRNA 106b~25 expression correlated with T, N and TNM stage. Increased miRNA 106b~25 expression was important characters carried with gastric cancer progression. T stage, plasma miRNA106b and tumor miRNA 93 significant risk factors for overall survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0918-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Li
- 1Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,2Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jinchao Huang
- 2Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Juntian Liu
- 2Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Wengui Xu
- 3Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- 1Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
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29
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Mengel-From J, Rønne ME, Carlsen AL, Skogstrand K, Larsen LA, Tan Q, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Heegaard NHH. Circulating, Cell-Free Micro-RNA Profiles Reflect Discordant Development of Dementia in Monozygotic Twins. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:591-601. [PMID: 29660943 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to examine if circulating micro-RNA and cytokine levels associate with dementia diagnosis and cognitive scores. To test our hypothesis, we use plasma donated from 48 monozygotic twin pairs in 1997 and 46 micro-RNAs and 10 cytokines were quantified using microfluidic RT-qPCR and multiplex solid-phase immunoassays, respectively. Micro-RNA and cytokine profiling were examined for associations with dementia diagnoses in a longitudinal registry study or with cognitive scores at baseline. Thirty-six micro-RNAs and all cytokines were detected consistently. Micro-RNA profiles associate with diagnoses and cognitive scores at statistically significant levels while cytokine only showed trends pointing at chronic inflammation in twins having or developing dementia. The most notable findings were decreased miR-106a and miR-210, and increased miR-106b expression in twins with a dementia diagnosis. This pioneering evaluation of micro-RNA and cytokine and dementia diagnosis suggests micro-RNA targets in vasculogenesis, lipoprotein transport, and amyloid precursor protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette E Rønne
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anting L Carlsen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth A Larsen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels H H Heegaard
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Kim A, Saikia P, Nagy LE. miRNAs Involved in M1/M2 Hyperpolarization Are Clustered and Coordinately Expressed in Alcoholic Hepatitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1295. [PMID: 31231396 PMCID: PMC6568035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system, including monocytes/macrophages, is critical to the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In response to chronic ethanol, Kupffer cells, the resident macrophage of livers, and peripheral monocytes become sensitized to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), express more pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibit macrophage M1/M2 hyperpolarization. Since miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of M1/M2 polarization, we hypothesized that miRNAs regulating macrophage polarization would be dysregulated after chronic ethanol consumption. miRNA sequencing data from Kupffer cells isolated from rats fed an ethanol diet vs. control diet and qPCR data from PBMCs isolated from alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patients and healthy controls were used to assess the role of miRNAs in macrophage hyperpolarization in ALD. Differential expression analyses revealed 40 misregulated miRNAs in Kupffer cells from the chronic ethanol-fed rats compared to pair-fed controls. Nine of these miRNAs are known to be associated with macrophage polarization and consist of a mixture of M1- and M2-associated miRNAs, indicative of hyperpolarization. Twenty-three of the 40 differentially expressed miRNAs were localized to miRNA clusters throughout the genome. Correlation analyses revealed that miRNAs in three of these clusters were co-regulated and located within antisense non-coding RNAs. Similar to Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats, M1 and M2 polarization markers, as well as sensitivity to LPS, were elevated in PBMCs from AH patients compared to healthy controls. These increases were associated with an up-regulation of polarization-associated miRNAs, including miR-125a-5p, a miRNA associated with hyperpolarization. miR-125a-5p is clustered in the genome with other miRNAs inside a host gene, Spaca6, which was also upregulated in PBMCs, as well as isolated monocytes, from AH patients. Finally, correlation analyses revealed co-regulation of human polarization-associated miRNA clusters. While expression of polarization-associated miRNAs in clusters was upregulated in AH compared to healthy controls, co-regulation of the miRNAs within a cluster was independent of disease state. Together, these results reveal that global changes in miRNA regulation are associated with polarization phenotypes in Kupffer cells from rat after chronic ethanol as well as in PBMCs from patients with AH. Importantly, polarization-associated miRNAs were localized to coordinately regulated clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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31
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Lo UG, Bao J, Cen J, Yeh HC, Luo J, Tan W, Hsieh JT. Interferon-induced IFIT5 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leading to renal cancer invasion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:31-45. [PMID: 30906803 PMCID: PMC6420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon is known as a pleiotropic factor in innate immunity, cancer immunity and therapy. Despite an objective short-term response of interferon (IFN) therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, the potential adverse effect of IFN on RCC cells is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IFNs can enhance RCC invasion via a new mechanism of IFIT5-mediated tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) degradation resulted in the elevation of Slug and ZEB1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Clinically, a significant upregulation of IFNγ signaling pathway (such as IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1 and STAT2) is observed in RCC patients with metastatic disease. Overall, this study provides a new mechanism of action of IFN-elicited canonical pathway in regulating suppressor miRNAs. Most importantly, it highlights the potential pro-metastatic effect of IFNs, which could undermine the clinical applicability of IFNs for treating RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Republic of China
| | - Junjie Cen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Republic of China
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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32
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Dawidowska M, Jaksik R, Drobna M, Szarzyńska-Zawadzka B, Kosmalska M, Sędek Ł, Machowska L, Lalik A, Lejman M, Ussowicz M, Kałwak K, Kowalczyk JR, Szczepański T, Witt M. Comprehensive Investigation of miRNome Identifies Novel Candidate miRNA-mRNA Interactions Implicated in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Neoplasia 2019; 21:294-310. [PMID: 30763910 PMCID: PMC6372882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The genetic landscape of T-ALL has been largely characterized by next-generation sequencing. Yet, the transcriptome of miRNAs (miRNome) of T-ALL has been less extensively studied. Using small RNA sequencing, we characterized the miRNome of 34 pediatric T-ALL samples, including the expression of isomiRs and the identification of candidate novel miRNAs (not previously annotated in miRBase). For the first time, we show that immunophenotypic subtypes of T-ALL present different miRNA expression profiles. To extend miRNome characteristics in T-ALL (to 82 T-ALL cases), we combined our small RNA-seq results with data available in Gene Expression Omnibus. We report on miRNAs most abundantly expressed in pediatric T-ALL and miRNAs differentially expressed in T-ALL versus normal mature T-lymphocytes and thymocytes, representing candidate oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Using eight target prediction algorithms and pathway enrichment analysis, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted targets implicated in processes (defined in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) of potential importance in pathogenesis of T-ALL, including interleukin-6-mediated signaling, mTOR signaling, and regulation of apoptosis. We finally focused on hsa-mir-106a-363 cluster and functionally validated direct interactions of hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p with 3' untranslated regions of their predicted targets (PTEN, SOS1, LATS2), overrepresented in regulation of apoptosis. hsa-mir-106a-363 is a paralogue of prototypic oncogenic hsa-mir-17-92 cluster with yet unestablished role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL. Our study provides a firm basis and data resource for functional analyses on the role of miRNA-mRNA interactions in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Drobna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bronisława Szarzyńska-Zawadzka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maria Kosmalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Ludomiła Machowska
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Transplantology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Lalik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Children's University Hospital, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kałwak
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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33
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The MicroRNA Family Both in Normal Development and in Different Diseases: The miR-17-92 Cluster. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9450240. [PMID: 30854399 PMCID: PMC6378081 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9450240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of research studies over recent years have focused on the function of microRNA (miRNA) molecules which have unique characteristics in terms of structure and function. They represent a class of endogenous noncoding single-strand small molecules. An abundance of miRNA clusters has been found in the genomes of various organisms often located in a polycistron. The miR-17-92 family is among the most famous miRNAs and has been identified as an oncogene. The functions of this cluster, together with the seven individual molecules that it comprises, are most related to cancers, so it would not be surprising that they are considered to have involvement in the development of tumors. The miR-17-92 cluster is therefore expected not only to be a tumor marker, but also to perform an important role in the early diagnosis of those diseases and possibly also be a target for tumor biotherapy. The miR-17-92 cluster affects the development of disease by regulating many related cellular processes and multiple target genes. Interestingly, it also has important roles that cannot be ignored in disease of the nervous system and circulation and modulates the growth and development of bone. Therefore, it provides new opportunities for disease prevention, clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Here we review the role of the miR-17-92 cluster that has received little attention in relation to neurological diseases, cardiac diseases, and the development of bone and tumors.
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34
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Taylor SM, Giuffre E, Moseley P, Hitchcock PF. The MicroRNA, miR-18a, Regulates NeuroD and Photoreceptor Differentiation in the Retina of Zebrafish. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:202-219. [PMID: 30615274 PMCID: PMC6351175 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic retinal development, six types of retinal neurons are generated from multipotent progenitors in a strict spatiotemporal pattern. This pattern requires cell cycle exit (i.e. neurogenesis) and differentiation to be precisely regulated in a lineage‐specific manner. In zebrafish, the bHLH transcription factor NeuroD governs photoreceptor genesis through Notch signaling but also governs photoreceptor differentiation though distinct mechanisms that are currently unknown. Also unknown are the mechanisms that regulate NeuroD and the spatiotemporal pattern of photoreceptor development. Members of the miR‐17‐92 microRNA cluster regulate CNS neurogenesis, and a member of this cluster, miR‐18a, is predicted to target neuroD mRNA. The purpose of this study was to determine if, in the developing zebrafish retina, miR‐18a regulates NeuroD and if it plays a role in photoreceptor development. Quantitative RT‐PCR showed that, of the three miR‐18 family members (miR‐18a, b, and c), miR‐18a expression most closely parallels neuroD expression. Morpholino oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing were used for miR‐18a loss‐of‐function (LOF) and both resulted in larvae with more mature photoreceptors at 70 hpf without affecting cell proliferation. Western blot showed that miR‐18a LOF increases NeuroD protein levels and in vitro dual luciferase assay showed that miR‐18a directly interacts with the 3′ UTR of neuroD. Finally, tgif1 mutants have increased miR‐18a expression, less NeuroD protein and fewer mature photoreceptors, and the photoreceptor deficiency is rescued by miR‐18a knockdown. Together, these results show that, independent of neurogenesis, miR‐18a regulates the timing of photoreceptor differentiation and indicate that this occurs through post‐transcriptional regulation of NeuroD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, Florida, 32514
| | - Emily Giuffre
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, Florida, 32514
| | - Patience Moseley
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, Florida, 32514
| | - Peter F Hitchcock
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
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A Simple System for Differentiation of Functional Intestinal Stem Cell-like Cells from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:110-120. [PMID: 30268688 PMCID: PMC6171535 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of normal barrier function is a fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal stem cell (ISC) transplantation may be an optional treatment for patients. However, it is complicated and inefficient to isolate ISCs from the intestine, which hampers its wide application in clinic. We developed a two-step protocol in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first induced into Sox17- or Foxa2-positive definitive endoderm cells by activin A treatment and then into Lgr5-positive ISC-like cells by miR-17 and FGF2 treatment. Furthermore, these Lgr5-positive cells could differentiate into enterocyte-like cells following induction with EGF. The results from an in vivo experiment showed that the MSC-derived Lgr5-positive cells were able to protect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Taken together, our work might provide a new source of autologous ISCs.
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36
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Wang W, Zhang A, Hao Y, Wang G, Jia Z. The emerging role of miR-19 in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4611-4616. [PMID: 30073755 PMCID: PMC6156349 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma has been regarded as the most common, highly proliferative and invasive brain tumour. Advances in research of miRNAs in glioma are toward further understanding of the pathogenesis of glioma. MiR‐19, a member of miR‐17~92 cluster, was reported to play an oncogenic role in tumourigenesis. Here we review the identified data about the effect of miR‐19 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of glioma cells, the target genes regulated by miR‐19, and correlation of miR‐19 with the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is concluded that miR‐19 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma and can be a potential target for gene therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Anling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubing Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifan Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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37
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MicroRNA-106a-5p Inhibited C2C12 Myogenesis via Targeting PIK3R1 and Modulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070333. [PMID: 30004470 PMCID: PMC6070835 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miR)-17 family is widely expressed in mammalian tissues and play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, the functions of miR-106a-5p, a member of miR-17 family, were explored during myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cell line. First, miR-106a-5p was found to be relatively lower expressed in two-month skeletal muscle tissues and gradually decreased upon myogenic stimuli. Forced expression of miR-106a-5p significantly reduced the differentiation index, fusion index as well as the expression of myogenic markers (MyoD, MyoG, MyHC, Myomixer, Myomarker). Meanwhile, the levels of phosphorylated AKT were reduced by overexpression of miR-106a-5p, and administration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a booster of myogenic differentiation, could recover all the inhibitory effects above of miR-106a-5p. Furthermore, miR-106a-5p was elevated in aged muscles and dexamethasone (DEX)-treated myotubes, and up-regulation of miR-106a-5p significantly reduced the diameters of myotubes accompanied with increased levels of muscular atrophy genes and decreased PI3K/AKT activities. Finally, miR-106a-5p was demonstrated to directly bind to the 3'-UTR of PIK3R1, thus, repress the PI3K/AKT signaling.
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38
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Long non-coding RNA PTENP1 functions as a ceRNA to modulate PTEN level by decoying miR-106b and miR-93 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26079-26089. [PMID: 28212532 PMCID: PMC5432239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, and participate in a wide range of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. Long non-coding RNA PTENP1, the pseudogene of PTEN tumor suppressor, has been reported to exert its tumor suppressive function via modulation of PTEN expression in many malignancies. However, whether a PTENP1∼miRNA∼PTEN ceRNA network exists and how it functions in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. In order to identify and characterize the PTENP1∼miRNA∼PTEN ceRNA network in GC, we first determined PTENP1 levels in clinical GC samples and found that PTENP1 and PTEN were concurrently downregulated in these samples. We further demonstrated that PTENP1 could act as a ceRNA to sponge miR-106b and miR-93 from targeting PTEN for downregulation using a novel ceRNA in vitro gradient assay. Thus, we revealed a tumor suppressive role of PTENP1 as ceRNA in GC and pinpointed the specific miRNAs decoyed by PTENP1, highlighting the emerging roles of ceRNAs in the biological regulation of GC cells and their possible clinical significance.
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39
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Hoppe R, Fan P, Büttner F, Winter S, Tyagi AK, Cunliffe H, Jordan VC, Brauch H. Profiles of miRNAs matched to biology in aromatase inhibitor resistant breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71235-71254. [PMID: 27659519 PMCID: PMC5342075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistance during breast cancer treatment is mimicked by MCF-7:5C (5C) and MCF-7:2A (2A) cell lines that grow spontaneously. Survival signaling is reconfigured but cells are vulnerable to estradiol (E2)-inducible apoptosis. These model systems have alterations of stress related pathways including the accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative, and inflammatory stress that occur prior to E2-induced apoptosis. We investigated miRNA expression profiles of 5C and 2A to characterize their AI resistance phenotypes. Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA2.0 arrays identified 184 miRNAs differentially expressed in 2A and 5C compared to E2-free wild-type MCF-7:WS8. In 5C, 34 miRNAs of the DLK1-DIO3 locus and miR-31 were overexpressed, whereas miR-222 was low. TCGA data revealed poor and favorable overall survival for low miR-31 and miR-222 levels, respectively (HR=3.0, 95% CI:1.9-4.8; HR=0.3, 95% CI:0.1-0.6). Targets of deregulated miRNAs were identified using CLIP-confirmed TargetScan predictions. KEGG enrichment analyses for 5C- and 2A-specific target gene sets revealed pathways associated with cell proliferation including insulin, mTOR, and ErbB signaling as well as immune response and metabolism. Key genes overrepresented in 5C- and 2A-specific pathway interaction networks including EGFR, IGF1R and PIK3R1 had lower protein levels in 5C compared to 2A and were found to be differentially modulated by respective miRNA sets. Distinct up-regulated miRNAs from the DLK1-DIO3 locus may cause these attenuative effects as they are predicted to interact with corresponding 3′ untranslated regions. These new miRNA profiles become an important regulatory database to explore E2-induced apoptotic mechanisms of clinical relevance for the treatment of resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florian Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Cunliffe
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Glaesener S, Jaenke C, Habener A, Geffers R, Hagendorff P, Witzlau K, Imelmann E, Krueger A, Meyer-Bahlburg A. Decreased production of class-switched antibodies in neonatal B cells is associated with increased expression of miR-181b. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192230. [PMID: 29389970 PMCID: PMC5794184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased susceptibility to infections of neonates is caused by an immaturity of the immune system as a result of both qualitative and quantitative differences between neonatal and adult immune cells. With respect to B cells, neonatal antibody responses are known to be decreased. Accountable for this is an altered composition of the neonatal B cell compartment towards more immature B cells. However, it remains unclear whether the functionality of individual neonatal B cell subsets is altered as well. In the current study we therefore compared phenotypical and functional characteristics of corresponding neonatal and adult B cell subpopulations. No phenotypic differences could be identified with the exception of higher IgM expression in neonatal B cells. Functional analysis revealed differences in proliferation, survival, and B cell receptor signaling. Most importantly, neonatal B cells showed severely impaired class-switch recombination (CSR) to IgG and IgA. This was associated with increased expression of miR-181b in neonatal B cells. Deficiency of miR-181b resulted in increased CSR. With this, our results highlight intrinsic differences that contribute to weaker B cell antibody responses in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Glaesener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Jaenke
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Hagendorff
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Witzlau
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Esther Imelmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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41
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Carè A, Bellenghi M, Matarrese P, Gabriele L, Salvioli S, Malorni W. Sex disparity in cancer: roles of microRNAs and related functional players. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:477-485. [PMID: 29352271 PMCID: PMC5864217 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A sexual dimorphism at the cellular level has been suggested to play a role in cancer onset and progression. In particular, very recent studies have unraveled striking differences between cells carrying XX or XY chromosomes in terms of response to stressful stimuli, indicating the presence of genetic and epigenetic differences determining sex-specific metabolic or phenotypic traits. Although this field of investigation is still in its infancy, available data suggest a key role of sexual chromosomes in determining cell life or death. In particular, cells carrying XX chromosomes exhibit a higher adaptive potential and survival behavior in response to microenvironmental variations with respect to XY cells. Cells from females also appear to be equipped with more efficient epigenetic machinery than the male counterpart. In particular, the X chromosome contains an unexpected high number of microRNAs (miRs), at present 118, in comparison with only two miRs localized on chromosome Y, and an average of 40-50 on the autosomes. The regulatory power of these small non-coding RNAs is well recognized, as 30-50% of all protein-coding genes are targeted by miRs and their role in cell fate has been well demonstrated. In addition, several further insights, including DNA methylation patterns that are different in males and females, claim for a significant gender disparity in cancer and in the immune system activity against tumors. In this brief paper, we analyze the state of the art of our knowledge on the implication of miRs encoded on sex chromosomes, and their related functional paths, in the regulation of cell homeostasis and depict possible perspectives for the epigenetic research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carè
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Li Y, Wu Y. MiR-200-3p inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by upregulation of FOXO1 in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang M, Yang YO, Jin Q, Shang L, Zhang J. Function of miR-25 in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and bioinformatical analysis of the miR-106b-25 cluster. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:440-446. [PMID: 29250158 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that serve a key function in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Recent evidence indicates that miRNAs may act as powerful regulators of migration and invasion. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-25 on the invasion and metastasis of KYSE-150 and EC109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, and predict the mechanism of this effect by bioinformatically analyzing the miR-106b-25 cluster. In order to alter the expression of miR-25 in the two cell lines, a miR-25 inhibitor or mimic were transfected into the cells, which were then studied via Transwell migration and invasion assays. Subsequently, the target genes of the miR-106b-25 cluster were predicted using miRanda, PicTar, TargetScan and miRTarbase, and the functions of the target genes were predicted via Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was produced using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The results revealed that overexpressing miR-25 led to significantly increased cell migration and invasion in KYSE150 and EC109 cells. Suppressing miR-25 resulted in significantly decreased cell migration and invasion in KYSE150 cells, while the result was not significant in EC109 cells. Target genes of the miR-106b-25 cluster were significantly enriched in the biological process regulation of cellular metabolic process and several cancer-associated pathways, such as those for glioma and melanoma. The PPI network revealed that PTEN, TP53, MDM2, E2F1, PRMT5, MCM2, RB1, CDKN1A, SHAD7 and EZH2 may serve core roles within the network and associate with one another during the pathogenesis of ESCC. These results indicate that a high expression of miR-25 promotes the invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells, while the influence of low expression of miR-25 differs with cells with different degrees of differentiation. Invasion and metastasis are not effected in cells with poor differentiation, while they were decreased in well differentiated cells. Furthermore, PTEN, TP53, MDM2, E2F1, PRMT5, MCM2, RB1, CDKN1A, SHAD7 and EZH2 may be targeted by the miR-106b-25 cluster, and act together to regulate the development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Medical Department, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Ou Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Qingtao Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiaxiang People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272400, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 2 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Abstract
The discovery of the microRNAs, lin-4 and let-7 as critical mediators of normal development in Caenorhabditis elegans and their conservation throughout evolution has spearheaded research toward identifying novel roles of microRNAs in other cellular processes. To accurately elucidate these fundamental functions, especially in the context of an intact organism, various microRNA transgenic models have been generated and evaluated. Transgenic C. elegans (worms), Drosophila melanogaster (flies), Danio rerio (zebrafish), and Mus musculus (mouse) have contributed immensely toward uncovering the roles of multiple microRNAs in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, pathways that are severely altered in human diseases such as cancer. The simple model organisms, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and D. rerio, do not develop cancers but have proved to be convenient systesm in microRNA research, especially in characterizing the microRNA biogenesis machinery which is often dysregulated during human tumorigenesis. The microRNA-dependent events delineated via these simple in vivo systems have been further verified in vitro, and in more complex models of cancers, such as M. musculus. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the important contributions made in the microRNA field using model organisms. The simple model systems provided the basis for the importance of microRNAs in normal cellular physiology, while the more complex animal systems provided evidence for the role of microRNAs dysregulation in cancers. Highlights include an overview of the various strategies used to generate transgenic organisms and a review of the use of transgenic mice for evaluating preclinical efficacy of microRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita S Pal
- PULSe Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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Garbicz F, Mehlich D, Rak B, Sajjad E, Maksymowicz M, Paskal W, Zieliński G, Włodarski PK. Increased expression of the microRNA 106b~25 cluster and its host gene MCM7 in corticotroph pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor invasion and Crooke's cell morphology. Pituitary 2017; 20:450-463. [PMID: 28432562 PMCID: PMC5508039 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component 7), a DNA replication licensing factor, is a host gene for the oncogenic miR-106b~25 cluster. It has been recently revealed as a relevant prognostic biomarker in a variety of cancers, including pituitary adenomas. The purpose of this study was to assess whether miR-106b~25 and MCM7 levels correlate with tumor invasiveness in a cohort of ACTH-immunopositive adenomas. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained intraoperatively from 25 patients with pituitary adenoma. Tumor invasiveness was assessed according to the Knosp grading scale. MCM7, Ki-67 and TP53 levels were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, while the expression of miR-106b-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-93-3p and miR-25-3p were measured using quantitative real-time PCR performed on RNA isolated from FFPE tissues. RESULTS We have found a significant increase in MCM7 and Ki-67 labeling indices in invasive ACTHomas. Moreover, MCM7 was ubiquitously overexpressed in Crooke's cell adenomas. The expression of miR-93-5p was significantly elevated in invasive compared to noninvasive tumors. In addition, all four microRNAs from the miR-106b~25 cluster displayed marked upregulation in Crooke's cell adenomas. Remarkably, MCM7 and miR-106b-5p both strongly correlated with Knosp grade. A combination of MCM7 LI and miR-106b~25 cluster expression was able to accurately differentiate invasive from noninvasive tumors and had a significant discriminatory ability to predict postoperative tumor recurrence/progression. CONCLUSIONS miR-106b~25 and its host gene MCM7 are potential novel biomarkers for invasive ACTH-immunopositive pituitary adenomas. Additionally, they are both significantly upregulated in rare Crooke's cell adenomas and might therefore contribute to their aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Garbicz
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Public Central Teaching Hospital Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emir Sajjad
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maksymowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, M. Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
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Prognostic role of miR-17-92 family in human cancers: evaluation of multiple prognostic outcomes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69125-69138. [PMID: 28978185 PMCID: PMC5620325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that miR-17–92 family might be an essential prognostic biomarker for human cancers. However, results are still inconsistent. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive role of miR-17–92 family in human cancer prognosis. We searched literatures published before March 31th, 2017 inPubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Twenty six studies were included in our analyses. The overall hazard ratios (HRs) showed that high expression level of miR-17-92 family was a predictor of poor overall survival (OS): adjusted HRs = 1.71, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.39–2.11, p < 0.00001, and poor disease-free survival (DFS): adjusted HRs = 2.29, 95% CIs: 1.41–3.72, p = 0.0008. However, no association between miR-17-92 family expression and cancer progress-free survival (PFS) was found (p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that high expression of miR-17-92 family was associated with poor OS (adjusted HRs = 1.89, 95% CIs: 1.43–2.49, p < 0.00001) and DFS (adjusted HRs = 2.83, 95% CIs: 1.59–5.04, p = 0.0003) among the Asian, and no association was found for the Caucasian (p > 0.05). Besides, the HRs of miR-17-92 family high expression in tissue and serum samples was 1.68 (1.35–2.09) and 2.20 (1.08–4.46) for OS, and 1.73 (0.80–3.74) and 3.37 (2.25–5.02) for DFS. It also found that high expression of miR-17-92 family predicted a poor OS in breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma and other cancers. Findings suggest that miR-17-92 family can be an effective predictor for prognosis prediction in cancer patients.
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Olsen I, Singhrao SK, Osmundsen H. Periodontitis, pathogenesis and progression: miRNA-mediated cellular responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1333396. [PMID: 28748037 PMCID: PMC5508365 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1333396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, a disease typically driven by dysbiosis of oral inflammophilic polymicrobial pathobionts. To combat infectious agents, the natural defense response of the host is to switch on inflammatory signaling cascades, whereby microRNA (miRNA) species serve as alternative genetic inhibitory transcriptional endpoints. miRNA profiles from diseased sites differ from those detected in disease-free tissues. miRNA profiles could therefore be harnessed as potential diagnostic/prognostic tools. The regulatory role of some miRNA species (miRNA-128, miRNA-146, miRNA-203, and miRNA-584) in the innate immune system suggests these molecular signatures also have potential in therapy. P. gingivalis–associated miRNAs are likely to influence the innate immune response, whereas its lipopolysaccharide may affect the nature of host miRNAs and their mRNA targets. This mini review discusses miRNA-dependent transcriptional and regulatory phenomena ensuing immune signaling cascade switch-on with development and progression of periodontitis initiated by P. gingivalis exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia & Neurodegeneration Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Harald Osmundsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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A MicroRNA/Ubiquitin Ligase Feedback Loop Regulates Slug-Mediated Invasion in Breast Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 19:483-495. [PMID: 28500896 PMCID: PMC5429244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of a normal cell to cancer requires the derail of multiple pathways. Normal signaling in a cell is regulated at multiple stages by the presence of feedback loops, calibration of levels of proteins by their regulated turnover, and posttranscriptional regulation, to name a few. The tumor suppressor protein FBXO31 is a component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase and is required to arrest cells at G1 following genotoxic stresses. Due to its growth-suppression activity, it is underexpressed in many cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the translational regulation of FBXO31 remains unclear. Here we show that the oncogenic microRNAs miR-93 and miR-106a repress FBXO31, resulting in the upregulation of Slug, which is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion. FBXO31 targets and ubiquitylates Slug for proteasomal degradation. However, this mechanism is repressed in breast tumors where miR-93 and miR-106a are overexpressed. Our study further unravels an interesting mechanism whereby Slug drives the expression of miR-93 and miR-106a, thus establishing a positive feedback loop to maintain an invasive phenotype. Together, these results establish the presence of interplay between microRNAs and the ubiquitination machinery, which together regulate cancer cell invasion.
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49
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Mogilyansky E, Clark P, Quann K, Zhou H, Londin E, Jing Y, Rigoutsos I. Post-transcriptional Regulation of BRCA2 through Interactions with miR-19a and miR-19b. Front Genet 2016; 7:143. [PMID: 27630665 PMCID: PMC5005319 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer type 2, early onset susceptibility gene (BRCA2) is a major component of the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. It acts as a tumor suppressor whose function is often lost in cancers. Patients with specific mutations in the BRCA2 gene often display discrete clinical, histopathological, and molecular features. However, a subset of sporadic cancers has wild type BRCA2 and display defects in the homology-directed repair pathway, which is the hallmark of ‘BRCAness.’ The mechanisms by which BRCAness arises are not well understood but post-transcriptional regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to this phenotype. Here, we examine the post-transcriptional effects that some members of the six-miRNA cluster known as the miR-17/92 cluster have on the abundance of BRCA2’s messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. We discuss two interactions involving the miR-19a and miR-19b members of the cluster and the 3′UTR of BRCA2’s mRNA. We investigated these miRNA:mRNA interactions in 15 cell lines derived from pancreatic, breast, colon, and kidney tissue. We show that over-expression of these two miRNAs results in a concomitant decrease of BRCA2’s mRNA and protein expression in a subset of the tested cell lines. Additionally, using luciferase reporter assays we identified direct interactions between miR-19a/miR-19b and a miRNA response element (MRE) in BRCA2’s 3′UTR. Our results suggest that BRCA2 is subject to a complex post-transcriptional regulatory program that has specific dependencies on the genetic and phenotypic background of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mogilyansky
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Peter Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kevin Quann
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Honglei Zhou
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Yi Jing
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
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