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Price ZK, Lokman NA, Yoshihara M, Kajiyama H, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. Disabled-2 ( DAB2): A Key Regulator of Anti- and Pro-Tumorigenic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010696. [PMID: 36614139 PMCID: PMC9821069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabled-2 (DAB2), a key adaptor protein in clathrin mediated endocytosis, is implicated in the regulation of key signalling pathways involved in homeostasis, cell positioning and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). It was initially identified as a tumour suppressor implicated in the initiation of ovarian cancer, but was subsequently linked to many other cancer types. DAB2 contains key functional domains which allow it to negatively regulate key signalling pathways including the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), wingless/integrated (Wnt) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathways. Loss of DAB2 is primarily associated with activation of these pathways and tumour progression, however this review also explores studies which demonstrate the complex nature of DAB2 function with pro-tumorigenic effects. A recent strong interest in microRNAs (miRNA) in cancer has identified DAB2 as a common target. This has reignited an interest in DAB2 research in cancer. Transcriptomics of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) has also identified a pro-metastatic role of DAB2 in the tumour microenvironment. This review will cover the broad depth literature on the tumour suppressor role of DAB2, highlighting its complex relationships with different pathways. Furthermore, it will explore recent findings which suggest DAB2 has a more complex role in cancer than initially thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe K. Price
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-0813, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-0813, Japan
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+61-08-8313-8255
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McBrearty N, Arzumanyan A, Bichenkov E, Merali S, Merali C, Feitelson M. Short chain fatty acids delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice. Neoplasia 2021; 23:529-538. [PMID: 33945993 PMCID: PMC8111251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encoded oncoprotein, HBx, alters the expression of host genes and the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC by multiple mechanisms independent of HBV replication. However, it is not clear which pathways are the most relevant therapeutic targets in hepatocarcinogenesis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have strong anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties, suggesting that they may block the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) to HCC, thereby identifying the mechanisms relevant to HCC development. This hypothesis was tested in HBx transgenic (HBxTg) mice fed SCFAs. Groups of HBxTg mice were fed with SCFAs or vehicle from 6 to 9 months of age and then assessed for dysplasia, and from 9 to 12 months of age and then assessed for HCC. Livers from 12 month old mice were then analyzed for changes in gene expression by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SCFA-fed mice had significantly fewer dysplastic and HCC nodules compared to controls at 9 and 12 months, respectively. Pathway analysis of SCFA-fed mice showed down-regulation of signaling pathways altered by HBx in human CLD and HCC, including those involved in inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor, and Ras. SCFA treatment promoted increased expression of the tumor suppressor, disabled homolog 2 (DAB2). DAB2 depresses Ras pathway activity, which is constitutively activated by HBx. SCFAs also reduced cell viability in HBx-transfected cell lines in a dose-dependent manner while the viability of primary human hepatocytes was unaffected. These unique findings demonstrate that SCFAs delay the pathogenesis of CLD and development of HCC, and provide insight into some of the underlying mechanisms that are relevant to pathogenesis in that they are responsive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen McBrearty
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Bichenkov
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ogbu SC, Musich PR, Zhang J, Yao ZQ, Howe PH, Jiang Y. The role of disabled-2 (Dab2) in diseases. Gene 2020; 769:145202. [PMID: 33059028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2/DOC-2) is a mitogen-responsive adaptor protein required for multiple cellular functions. It is involved in many signaling pathways and plays an integral role in vesicular uptake and trafficking, modulating immune function, protein-protein interactions, cellular homeostasis and differentiation, oncogenesis, and inflammatory processes in organ systems. It contains domains for binding to NPXY motif-containing and SH3 domain-containing adapter proteins, phosphoinositides, glycoprotein 100 (gp100, or megalin), integrins, clathrin, and myosin VI. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of Dab2's biological function still remain to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an extensive up-to-date understanding of the function of Dab2 and its regulation in cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, tumorigenesis, and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella C Ogbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Lozano-Amado D, Ávila-López PA, Hernández-Montes G, Briseño-Díaz P, Vargas M, Lopez-Rubio JJ, Carrero JC, Hernández-Rivas R. A class I histone deacetylase is implicated in the encystation of Entamoeba invadens. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:1011-1022. [PMID: 32822677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation and deacetylation participate in regulation of the genes involved in encystation of Entamoeba invadens. However, the histones and target residues involved, and whether the acetylation and deacetylation of the histones leads to the regulation of gene expression associated with the encystation of this parasite, remain unknown. In this study, we found that E. invadens histone H4 is acetylated in both stages of the parasite and is more highly acetylated during the trophozoite stage than in the cyst. Histone hyperacetylation induced by Trichostatin A negatively affects the encystation of E. invadens, and this inhibition is associated with the downregulation of the expression of genes implicated in the synthesis of chitin, polyamines, gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways and cyst wall proteins, all of which are important in the formation of cysts. Finally, in silico analysis and activity assays suggest that a class I histone deacetylase (EiHDAC3) could be involved in control of the expression of a subset of genes that are important in several pathways during encystation. Therefore, the identification of enzymes that acetylate and/or deacetylate histones that control encystation in E. invadens could be a promising therapeutic target for preventing transmission of other amoebic parasites such as E. histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lozano-Amado
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro Antonio Ávila-López
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paola Briseño-Díaz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose-Juan Lopez-Rubio
- LPHI - Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions - UMR5235, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Hernández-Rivas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Hocevar BA. Loss of Disabled-2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7532. [PMID: 31101868 PMCID: PMC6525241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer type characterized by rapid metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy, properties that are shared by cancer stem cells (CSCs). In pancreatic cancer, tumor cells which possess the properties of CSCs also phenotypically resemble cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT. Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a multifunctional scaffold protein frequently downregulated in cancer that has been linked to the process of EMT. However, the role of Dab2 in pancreatic cancer development and progression remains unclear. Downregulation of Dab2 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines was found to trigger induction of genes characteristic of EMT and the CSC phenotype, while overexpression of Dab2 in the Panc1 cell line blocked the process of TGFβ-stimulated EMT. In addition, selective inhibition of the TGFβRI/RII receptors was found to reverse genes altered by Dab2 downregulation. Dab2 mRNA expression was found to be decreased in PDAC tumor samples, as compared to levels observed in normal pancreatic tissue. Methylation of the Dab2 gene promoter was demonstrated in Stage I PDAC tumors and in the MiaPaCa2 cell line, suggesting that promoter methylation may silence Dab2 expression early in pancreatic cancer progression. These results suggest that Dab2 may function as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer by modulation of the TGFβ-stimulated EMT and CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Adamson SE, Polanowska-Grabowska R, Marqueen K, Griffiths R, Angdisen J, Breevoort SR, Schulman IG, Leitinger N. Deficiency of Dab2 (Disabled Homolog 2) in Myeloid Cells Exacerbates Inflammation in Liver and Atherosclerotic Plaques in LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor)-Null Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1020-1029. [PMID: 29599136 PMCID: PMC5920703 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory macrophages promote the development of atherosclerosis. We have identified the adaptor protein Dab2 (disabled homolog 2) as a regulator of phenotypic polarization in macrophages. The absence of Dab2 in myeloid cells promotes an inflammatory phenotype, but the impact of myeloid Dab2 deficiency on atherosclerosis has not been shown. APPROACH AND RESULTS To determine the role of myeloid Dab2 in atherosclerosis, Ldlr-/- mice were reconstituted with either Dab2-positive or Dab2-deficient bone marrow and fed a western diet. Consistent with our previous finding that Dab2 inhibits NFκB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling in macrophages, Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow had increased systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased serum IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels and increased inflammatory cytokine expression levels in liver. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow, and further examination of livers from these mice revealed drastically increased inflammatory tissue damage and massive infiltration of immune cells. Surprisingly, the atherosclerotic lesion burden in Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow was decreased compared with Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow. Further analysis of aortic root sections revealed increased macrophage content and evidence of increased apoptosis in lesions from Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow but no difference in collagen or α-smooth muscle actin content. CONCLUSIONS Dab2 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes inflammation in livers and atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, decreased serum lipids as a result of massive inflammatory liver damage may preclude an appreciable increase in atherosclerotic lesion burden in mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Adamson
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.E.A., R.P.-G., R.G., N.L.)
| | - Renata Polanowska-Grabowska
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.E.A., R.P.-G., R.G., N.L.)
| | - Kathryn Marqueen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
| | - Rachael Griffiths
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.E.A., R.P.-G., R.G., N.L.)
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
| | - Sarah R Breevoort
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
| | - Ira G Schulman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- From the Department of Pharmacology (S.E.A., R.P.-G., K.M., R.G., J.A., S.R.B., I.G.S., N.L.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.E.A., R.P.-G., R.G., N.L.)
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Wang WL, Chang WL, Yang HB, Wang YC, Chang IW, Lee CT, Chang CY, Lin JT, Sheu BS. Low disabled-2 expression promotes tumor progression and determines poor survival and high recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71169-71181. [PMID: 27036032 PMCID: PMC5342070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) have poor survival and high recurrence rate, but lack a prognostic biomarker. Disabled-2 (DAB2) is a crucial tumor suppressor, but its roles in ESCCs are uncertain. We investigated whether low DAB2 expression in ESCCs could lead into tumor progression and poor prognosis. Our results found patients with low-DAB2 expression ESCCs had significantly larger tumor size, deeper tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, worse survival, and higher recurrence rate (P<0.05). The Cox-regression model revealed low-DAB2 expression was an independent factor of poor survival (P<0.05), and also of tumor recurrence with the predictive performance superior to clinical TNM stage (P<0.05). Low-DAB2 cancer cells, validated by DAB2 knockdown or over-expression, had higher phosphorylated ERK and migration abilities, which could be suppressed by ERK inhibitor treatment. TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) only existed in the high-DAB2 cells, and related to worse prognosis of high-DAB2 ESCCs (P<0.05). In conclusion, DAB2 can suppress the ERK signaling, but correlate to have TGF-β-induced EMT in ESCCs. DAB2 expression could be a biomarker to identify patients with worse survival and high recurrence. Our data suggest DAB2 expression can stratify patients in need of aggressive surveillance and with possible benefit from anti-ERK or anti-TGF-β therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Bai Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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van der Heijden AG, Mengual L, Lozano JJ, Ingelmo-Torres M, Ribal MJ, Fernández PL, Oosterwijk E, Schalken JA, Alcaraz A, Witjes JA. A five-gene expression signature to predict progression in T1G3 bladder cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 64:127-36. [PMID: 27414486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze tumour gene expression profiles of progressive and non-progressive T1G3 bladder cancer (BC) patients to develop a gene expression signature to predict tumour progression. METHODS Retrospective, multicenter study of 96 T1G3 BC patients without carcinoma in situ (CIS) who underwent a transurethral resection. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected. Global gene expression patterns were analyzed in 21 selected samples from progressive and non-progressive T1G3 BC patients using Illumina microarrays. Expression levels of 94 genes selected based on microarray data and based on literature were studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in an independent series of 75 progressive and non-progressive T1G3 BC patients. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify individual predictors. A variable selection method was used to develop a multiplex biomarker model. Discrimination of the model was measured by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Interaction networks between the genes of the model were built by GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin. RESULTS A total of 1294 genes were found differentially expressed between progressive and non-progressive patients. Differential expression of 15 genes was validated by qPCR in an additional set of samples. A five-gene expression signature (ANXA10, DAB2, HYAL2, SPOCD1, and MAP4K1) discriminated progressive from non-progressive T1G3 BC patients with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 86% (AUC = 0.83). Direct interactions between the five genes of the model were not found. CONCLUSIONS Progressive and non-progressive T1G3 bladder tumours have shown different gene expression patterns. To identify T1G3 BC patients with a high risk of progression, a five-gene expression signature has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan J Lozano
- CIBERehd, Plataforma de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria J Ribal
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Fernández
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tang J, Xie X. Frequent loss expression of dab2 and promotor hypermethylation in human cancers: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:432-7. [PMID: 24772157 PMCID: PMC3999024 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.302.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Disabled-2 (Dab2) is an important endocytic adaptor which plays an inhibition role in cancer cell growth. The objective of this study was to systematically review expressions of Dab2 in human cancers. Methods: Eligible studies about Dab2 in human cancers were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science. Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Review Manager 5.0 software and statistical analyses were performed by the SPSS 13.0 software. Results: Fourteen case-control studies with a total of 689 human tumor tissues, 332 control tissues and 32 cancer cell lines were included in the meta-analysis study. The results indicated loss expressions of Dab2 were observed in 74.9% and 46.9% in human malignant cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, respectively. The ratio of Dab2 promotor hypermethylation is 34.54% in cancer tissues which Dab2 expression are lost, but none in the control tissues or cells by Methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Conclusions: The expressions of Dab2 are frequently lost in human malignant cancer tissues, and promotor hypermethylation of Dab2 are common in human malignant cancer tissues, which is an important factor for the loss expression of Dab2 in human cancers tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Zhang
- Ziyin Zhang, Department of Neurosurgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan Province, 620010, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Yihua Chen, Department of Pathology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Jianjian Tang
- JianJian Tang, Department of Neurosurgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan Province, 620010, China
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Xuemei Xie, Department of Pathology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
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10
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Yang Y, Zhang Q, Xu F, Chang C, Li X. Aberrant promoter methylation of Dab2 gene in myelodysplastic syndrome. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:469-77. [PMID: 23005040 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Chunkang Chang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai; China
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Ross AE, Marchionni L, Vuica-Ross M, Cheadle C, Fan J, Berman DM, Schaeffer EM. Gene expression pathways of high grade localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:1568-77. [PMID: 21360566 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in screening and local therapy, prostate cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer related death among American men, with those having high grade disease being at highest risk for prostate cancer mortality. Here we identify the genes and cellular pathways that distinguish high grade from low grade pathologically localized prostate cancer. METHODS Cancer cells from low grade (Gleason 3 + 3 = 6) or high grade (4 + 4 = 8) tumors of men with localized disease were isolated by laser capture micro-dissection. Expression profiling was conducted across 18,344 unique annotated genes and data were analyzed using packages from the R/Bioconductor project to determine differential gene expression and perform gene set enrichment analysis. Publically available expression data was retrieved and analyzed individually in the same manner and in cross platform meta-analyses. RESULTS Six hundred seventy genes were differentially expressed between Gleason sum 6 and 8 tumors with a false discovery rate of <5% (P < 0.0014) including genes previously shown to mediate prostate cancer survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Functional themes associated with Gleason grade included developmental processes, signal transduction, chemokine and embryonic stem cell pathways with specific enrichment of the androgen receptor, EGFR, TNF-alpha, and Notch signaling cascades. CONCLUSIONS In addition to androgen receptor signaling, growth factor, and cytokine mediated pathways are active in clinically localized high grade prostate cancer. The availability of therapeutics that selectively target these pathways encourages the development of clinical trials for their selective use in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting in men at high risk for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Ross
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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12
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Mayorga ME, Dong F, Sundararaman S, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Howe PH, Penn MS. Central Role for Disabled-2 in Mesenchymal Stem Cardiac Protein Expression and Functional Consequences After Engraftment in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:681-93. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza E. Mayorga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Srividy Sundararaman
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yanming Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Philip H. Howe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marc S. Penn
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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13
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Tong JH, Ng DC, Chau SL, So KK, Leung PP, Lee TL, Lung RW, Chan MW, Chan AW, Lo KW, To KF. Putative tumour-suppressor gene DAB2 is frequently down regulated by promoter hypermethylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:253. [PMID: 20525238 PMCID: PMC2891638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Disabled-2 (DAB2), is a multi-function signalling molecule that it is frequently down-regulated in human cancers. We aimed to investigate the possible tumour suppressor effect of DAB2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods We studied the expression of DAB2 in NPC cell lines, xenografts and primary tumour samples. The status of promoter methylation was assessed by methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The functional role of DAB2 in NPC was investigated by re-introducing DAB2 expression into NPC cell line C666-1. Results Decrease or absent of DAB2 transcript was observed in NPC cell lines and xenografts. Loss of DAB2 protein expression was seen in 72% (33/46) of primary NPC as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Aberrant DAB2 promoter methylation was detected in 65.2% (30/46) of primary NPC samples by methylation specific PCR. Treatment of the DAB2 negative NPC cell line C666-1 with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in restoration of DAB2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of DAB2 in NPC cell line C666-1 resulted in reduced growth rate and 35% reduction in anchorage-dependent colony formation, and inhibition of serum-induced c-Fos expression compared to vector-transfected controls. Over expression of DAB2 resulted in alterations of multiple pathways as demonstrated by expression profiling and functional network analysis, which confirmed the role of DAB2 as an adaptor molecule involved in multiple receptor-mediated signalling pathways. Conclusions We report the frequent down regulation of DAB2 in NPC and the promoter hypermethylation contributes to the loss of expression of DAB2. This is the first study demonstrating frequent DAB2 promoter hypermethylation in human cancer. Our functional studies support the putative tumour suppressor effect of DAB2 in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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14
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Abstract
The recruitment of clathrin to the membrane and its assembly into coated pits results from its interaction with endocytic adaptors and other regulatory proteins in the context of a specific lipid microenvironment. Dab2 (disabled 2) is a mitotic phosphoprotein and a monomeric adaptor for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In the present study, we employed GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion constructs of different isoforms and mutants of rat Dab2 and characterized their effect on the size, distribution and dynamics of clathrin assemblies. Enhanced levels of expression of the p82 isoform of Dab2 in COS7 cells induced enlarged clathrin assemblies at the plasma membrane. p82-clathrin assemblies, which concentrate additional endocytic proteins, such as AP2 (adaptor protein 2) and epsin, are dynamic structures in which both p82 and clathrin exchange actively between the membrane-bound and cytosolic sub-populations. The ability of p82 to induce enlarged clathrin assemblies is dependent on the presence of a functional PTB domain (phosphotyrosine-binding domain), on binding to clathrin and phospholipids, and on a newly identified and evolutionarily conserved poly-lysine stretch which precedes the PTB domain. These same molecular features are required for Dab2 to enhance the spreading of COS7 cells on fibronectin. The ability of the p82 isoform of Dab2 to enhance cell spreading was confirmed in both HeLa cells and HBL cells (human breast epithelial cells). COS7 cells expressing GFP-p82 and plated on to fibronectin concentrate the beta1 integrin into clathrin-p82 assemblies. Furthermore, during cell spreading, p82-clathrin assemblies concentrate at the site of the initial cell-matrix contact and are absent from regions of intense membrane ruffling. We propose a role for Dab2 and clathrin in integrin-mediated cell spreading.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bladder cancer is a diverse disease whose molecular phenotypes are being elucidated. In this review, we summarize currently known molecular pathways and associated markers in bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic and epigenetic aberrations have been closely associated with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis. Cell cycle markers have been most extensively studied. More recently, apoptotic and angiogenic pathways are being investigated. Studying the role of multiple concurrent molecular alterations improves the prognostic ability of these markers. The use of tissue microarrays and high-throughput molecular profiling is accelerating the discovery of new markers. SUMMARY Molecular biology is paramount to our understanding of bladder cancer pathogenesis. The search for new markers, and elucidating cross-talk between markers in different pathways, is warranted. Molecular markers have the potential benefit of improving detection, prognosis and treatment of bladder cancer. In addition, understanding the molecular profile of the individual patient could usher us into a new era of improving prediction of the natural history of the disease and providing a more personalized and tailored treatment. Prospective trials are still needed, however, to objectively establish the true benefit of these markers in prognostic and therapeutic arenas.
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16
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Karam JA, Shariat SF, Huang HY, Pong RC, Ashfaq R, Shapiro E, Lotan Y, Sagalowsky AI, Wu XR, Hsieh JT. Decreased DOC-2/DAB2 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4400-6. [PMID: 17671122 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DOC-2/DAB2 (differentially expressed in ovarian carcinoma-2/disabled-2), a potential tumor suppressor gene, is underexpressed in several cancers. Little is known about the expression of this gene in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). We profiled DOC-2/DAB2 expression in mouse and human normal and neoplastic urothelia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining for DOC-2/DAB2 was carried out on tissue specimens from two transgenic mouse models with urothelium-specific molecular alterations and on a tissue microarray containing cores from 9 normal controls, 44 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), 195 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for UCB, and 39 lymph nodes with metastatic UCB. RESULTS Normal mouse urothelium stained uniformly with DOC-2/DAB2. Weaker staining was observed in low-grade, superficial papillary bladder tumors from transgenic mice harboring constitutively active Ha-Ras, whereas carcinoma in situ-like lesions and high-grade bladder tumors from transgenic mice expressing a SV40 T antigen completely lacked DOC-2/DAB2 expression. In human tissues, DOC-2/DAB2 expression was decreased in 11% of normal bladder specimens, 59% of TURBT specimens, 65% of radical cystectomy specimens, and 77% of the metastatic lymph node specimens. Decreased DOC-2/DAB2 expression was associated with advanced pathologic stage (P = 0.023), lymph node metastases (P = 0.050), and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001). In univariable, but not in multivariable analysis, decreased DOC-2/DAB2 was associated with an increased probability of bladder cancer recurrence (log-rank test, P = 0.020) and bladder cancer-specific mortality (log-rank test, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Decreased DOC-2/DAB2 expression seems to occur early in bladder tumorigenesis and becomes more prominent in advanced stages of UCB.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/physiology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery
- Cohort Studies
- Cystectomy
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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17
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Kanematsu A, Ramachandran A, Adam RM. GATA-6 mediates human bladder smooth muscle differentiation: involvement of a novel enhancer element in regulating alpha-smooth muscle actin gene expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1093-102. [PMID: 17626241 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00225.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hollow organs exposed to pathological stimuli undergo phenotypic modulation characterized by altered expression of smooth muscle contractile proteins and loss of normal function. The molecular mechanisms that regulate smooth muscle differentiation, especially in organs other than the vasculature, are poorly understood. In this study, we describe a role for the GATA-6 transcription factor in regulation of human bladder smooth muscle differentiation. Knockdown of endogenous GATA-6 in primary human bladder smooth muscle cells (pBSMC) led to decreased mRNA levels of the differentiation markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Similar effects were obtained following downregulation of GATA-6 by forskolin-induced elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. Forskolin treatment of pBSMC abolished recruitment of GATA-6 to the alpha-SMA promoter in vivo and reduced activity of human alpha-SMA promoter-directed gene expression by >60%. This inhibitory effect was rescued by enforced expression of wild-type GATA-6 but not by a zinc-finger-deleted mutant, GATA-6-DeltaZF, which lacks DNA-binding ability. In silico analysis of a region of the human alpha-SMA promoter, described previously as a transcriptional enhancer, identified a putative GATA-binding site at position -919/-913. Point mutation of this site in SMA-Luc abrogated GATA-6-induced activation of promoter activity. Together, these results provide the first evidence for a functional role for GATA-6 in regulation of bladder smooth muscle differentiation. In addition, these findings demonstrate that GATA-6 regulates human alpha-SMA expression via a novel regulatory cis element in the alpha-SMA promoter-enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kanematsu
- Urological Diseases Research Center, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Rm. 1077, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Bagadi SAR, Prasad CP, Srivastava A, Prashad R, Gupta SD, Ralhan R. Frequent loss of Dab2 protein and infrequent promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 104:277-86. [PMID: 17115114 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2), a putative tumor suppressor protein, is lost in 80-90% ovarian tumors and ovarian/breast cancer cell lines. The clinical significance of Dab2 protein in breast cancer remains yet unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis of Dab2 protein showed no detectable expression in 67/91 (74%) breast tumors, while all 10 normal tissues showed presence of Dab2 protein. We hypothesized that epigenetic silencing of Dab2 may account for loss of protein in breast cancer. Methylation of Dab2 exon 1, a putative promoter, was analyzed in six breast cancer cell lines and in 54 primary breast tumors by methylation specific PCR. Methylation was observed in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells and in 6 of 54 (11%) primary breast tumors that also showed loss of Dab2 protein. Expression of Dab2 transcripts was detected in all cell lines except MDA-MB-157. However, none of these six cell lines showed detectable levels of Dab2 protein by western blotting, while non-malignant mammary epithelial cell line MCF 10A showed Dab2 protein expression. To our knowledge this is the first report showing low frequency of Dab2 (putative) promoter methylation (11%) in primary breast tumors. Frequent loss of Dab2 protein (74%) suggest that hypermethylation of Dab2 promoter may only be one of the mechanisms accounting for its loss in breast cancer. Further, in silico analysis of Dab2 3'-UTR revealed existence of miRNA complimentary to this region of the gene, suggesting microRNA mediated targeting of Dab2 mRNA might account for loss of the protein in breast cancer.
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Anupam K, Tusharkant C, Gupta SD, Ranju R. Loss of disabled-2 expression is an early event in esophageal squamous tumorigenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:6041-5. [PMID: 17009406 PMCID: PMC4124415 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i37.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Disabled-2 (DAB2) is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene identified in ovarian cancer that negatively influences mitogenic signal transduction of growth factors and blocks ras activity. In a recent study, we observed down-regulation of DAB2 transcripts in ESCCs using cDNA microarrays. In the present study, we aimed to determine the clinical significance of loss of DAB2 protein in esophageal tumorigenesis, hypothesizing that DAB2 promoter hypermethylation-mediated gene silencing may account for loss of the protein.
METHODS: DAB2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 50 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs), 30 distinct hyperplasia, 15 dysplasia and 10 non-malignant esophageal tissues. To determine whether promoter hypermethylation contributes to loss of DAB2 expression in ESCCs, methylation status of DAB2 promoter was analyzed in DAB2 immuno-negative tumors using methylation-specific PCR.
RESULTS: Loss of DAB2 protein was observed in 5/30 (17%) hyperplasia, 10/15 (67%) dysplasia and 34/50 (68%) ESCCs. Significant loss of DAB2 protein was observed from esophageal normal mucosa to hyperplasia, dysplasia and invasive cancer (Ptrend < 0.001). Promoter hypermethylation of DAB2 was observed in 2 of 10 (20%) DAB2 immuno-negative ESCCs.
CONCLUSION: Loss of DAB2 protein expression occurs in early pre-neoplastic stages of development of esophageal cancer and is sustained down the tumorigenic pathway. Infrequent DAB2 promoter methylation in ESCCs suggests that epigenetic gene silencing is only one of the mechanisms causing loss of DAB2 expression in ESCCs.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adult
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophagus/metabolism
- Esophagus/pathology
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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20
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Abstract
Mammalian GATA-6, which has conserved tandem zinc fingers (CVNC-X(17)-CNAC)-X(29)-(CXNC-X(17)-CNAC), is essential for the development and specific gene regulation of the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other tissues. GATA-6 recognizes the (A/T/C)GAT(A/T)(A) sequence, and interacts with other transcriptional regulators through its zinc-finger region. The mRNA of GATA-6 uses two Met codons in frame as translational initiation codons, and produces L- and S-type GATA-6 through leaky ribosome scanning. GATA-6 is subjected to cAMP-dependent proteolysis by a proteasome in a heterologous expression system. These protein-based characteristics of GATA-6 will be helpful for the identification of target genes, together with determination of the in vivo binding sites for GATA-6 and understanding of the complex network of gene regulation mediated by GATA-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Maeda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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