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Weinstein AG, Gilkes DM, Godet I. Mapping the Fate of Hypoxic Cells Using an Irreversible Fluorescent Switch. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2755:49-61. [PMID: 38319568 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3633-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to promote tumor progression and metastasis in murine models, and patients with hypoxic tumors have a worse prognosis. Besides its effect on cancer, normal processes like embryogenesis, or other pathologies such as ischemia, depend on hypoxia-regulated mechanisms. Given the degradable nature of HIF-1/2α in the presence of oxygen, defining the role of hypoxia in modeling biological processes becomes challenging when a cell enters oxygen-rich regions within a tissue. Here, we describe a unique approach to permanently mark cells that experience hypoxia with a fluorescent protein switch that is maintained even after a cell is reoxygenated. This method consists of a dual-viral delivery system that can be transduced into any mammalian cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G Weinstein
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inês Godet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Nakamura E, Maekawa K, Saito Y, Matsumoto T, Ogawa M, Komohara Y, Asada Y, Yamashita A. Altered choline level in atherosclerotic lesions: Upregulation of choline transporter-like protein 1 in human coronary unstable plaque. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281730. [PMID: 36800352 PMCID: PMC9937458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activity and hypoxia in atherosclerotic plaques are associated with plaque instability and thrombotic complications. Recent studies show that vascular cell metabolism affects atherogenesis and thrombogenicity. This study aimed to identify the metabolites in macrophage-rich unstable plaques that modulate atherogenesis and serve as potential markers of plaque instability. Atherosclerotic plaques were induced by balloon injury in the iliofemoral arteries of rabbits fed on a conventional or 0.5% cholesterol diet. At 3 months post-balloon injury, the arteries and cardiac tissues were subjected to histological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and metabolomic analyses. The identified metabolite-related proteins were immunohistochemically analyzed in stable and unstable plaques from human coronary arteries. The factors modulating the identified metabolites were examined in macrophages derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that choline and guanine levels in macrophage-rich arteries were upregulated compared with those in non-injured arteries and cardiac tissues. Vascular choline levels, but not guanine levels, were positively correlated with the areas immunopositive for macrophages and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 mRNA levels in injured arteries. In human coronary arteries, choline transporter-like protein (CTL) 1 was mainly localized to macrophages within plaques. The area that was immunopositive for CTL1 in unstable plaques was significantly higher than that in stable plaques. Intracellular choline levels were upregulated upon stimulation with TNF-α but were downregulated under hypoxia in cultured macrophages. Administration of choline upregulated the expression of TNF-α and CTL1 mRNA in cultured macrophages. The transfection of CTL1 small interfering RNA decreased CTL1, TNF-α, and MMP9 mRNA levels in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that choline metabolism is altered in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic lesions and unstable plaques. Thus, CTL1 may be potential markers of plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Bioengineering Lab, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Center for Collaborative Research and Community Cooperation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Long G, Pei Z, Wu M, Wei K, Du Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen H, Xia W, Jia Z. Novel function of Roxadustat (FG-4592) as an anti-shock drug in sepsis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130264. [PMID: 36273674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic shock is a serious clinical syndrome leading to high mortality. A new anti-anemia drug Roxadustat (FG-4592) protected against cardiac injury and hypertension. However, its effect and mechanism on shock and cardiac dysfunction induced by sepsis require to be investigated. METHODS C57BL/6j mice received FG-4592 (10 mg/kg/day) by i.p injection, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) treatment. Mortality and shock status were monitored during the experiment. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) assay. TEM, COX-SDH staining and ATP production were used to evaluate mitochondrial function. A non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed to evaluate the metabolic disorders. RESULTS Both pre- and post-treatment of FG-4592 could improve the survival rate in LPS- and CLP-induced sepsis mice with a better effect in pre-treated animals. Meanwhile, FG-4592 improved systolic blood pressure and body temperature drop in septic mice along with alleviated cardiac dysfunction (as shown by the restoration of decreased LVEF and LVFS and increased LDH and CK-MB) and inflammation. Interestingly, we observed that FG-4592 improved mitochondrial oxidative stress possibly by upregulating the anti-oxidative enzymes of SOD2 and HO-1. Furthermore, FG-4592 improved the energy supply and glycerophospholipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes, possibly through upregulating the HIF-1α-targeted genes of LDHA and PDK1 in glycolysis and CHK-α, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FG-4592 protected against mortality and shock in septic animals possibly by antagonizing mitochondrial oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a potential of FG-4592 as a novel drug for treating septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiyin Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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4
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Miriam Jose A, Rasool M. Choline kinase: An underappreciated rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic target. Life Sci 2022; 309:121031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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García-Molina P, Sola-Leyva A, Luque-Navarro PM, Laso A, Ríos-Marco P, Ríos A, Lanari D, Torretta A, Parisini E, López-Cara LC, Marco C, Carrasco-Jiménez MP. Anticancer Activity of the Choline Kinase Inhibitor PL48 Is Due to Selective Disruption of Choline Metabolism and Transport Systems in Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020426. [PMID: 35214160 PMCID: PMC8876215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of different types of cancer have been shown to be associated with an abnormal metabolism of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main component of eukaryotic cell membranes. Indeed, the overexpression of choline kinase α1 (ChoKα1), the enzyme that catalyses the bioconversion of choline to phosphocholine (PCho), has been found to associate with cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and carcinogenesis. Hence, ChoKα1 has been described as a possible cancer therapeutic target. Moreover, the choline transporter CTL1 has been shown to be highly expressed in several tumour cell lines. In the present work, we evaluate the antiproliferative effect of PL48, a rationally designed inhibitor of ChoKα1, in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines. In addition, we illustrate that the predominant mechanism of cellular choline uptake in these cells is mediated by the CTL1 choline transporter. A possible correlation between the inhibition of both choline uptake and ChoKα1 activity and cell proliferation in cancer cell lines is also highlighted. We conclude that the efficacy of this inhibitor on cell proliferation in both cell lines is closely correlated with its capability to block choline uptake and ChoKα1 activity, making both proteins potential targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Pilar M. Luque-Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Alejandro Laso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Pablo Ríos-Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Antonio Ríos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Daniela Lanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Archimede Torretta
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Luisa C. López-Cara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - Carmen Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - María P. Carrasco-Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (A.S.-L.); (A.L.); (P.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.L.-C.); (C.M.); (M.P.C.-J.)
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Cai L, Ying M, Wu H. Microenvironmental Factors Modulating Tumor Lipid Metabolism: Paving the Way to Better Antitumoral Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777273. [PMID: 34888248 PMCID: PMC8649922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer and is driven by both the oncogenic mutations and challenging microenvironment. To satisfy the demands of energy and biomass for rapid proliferation, the metabolism of various nutrients in tumor cells undergoes important changes, among which the aberrant lipid metabolism has gained increasing attention in facilitating tumor development and metastasis in the past few years. Obstacles emerged in the aspect of application of targeting lipid metabolism for tumor therapy, due to lacking of comprehensive understanding on its regulating mechanism. Tumor cells closely interact with stromal niche, which highly contributes to metabolic rewiring of critical nutrients in cancer cells. This fact makes the impact of microenvironment on tumor lipid metabolism a topic of renewed interest. Abundant evidence has shown that many factors existing in the tumor microenvironment can rewire multiple signaling pathways and proteins involved in lipid metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Hence in this review, we summarized the recent progress on the understanding of microenvironmental factors regulating tumor lipid metabolism, and discuss the potential of modulating lipid metabolism as an anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cai
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Kong M, Dong W, Xu H, Fan Z, Miao X, Guo Y, Li C, Ye Q, Wang Y, Xu Y. Choline Kinase Alpha Is a Novel Transcriptional Target of the Brg1 in Hepatocyte: Implication in Liver Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705302. [PMID: 34422825 PMCID: PMC8377418 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a key compensatory process in response to liver injury serving to contain damages and to rescue liver functions. Hepatocytes, having temporarily exited the cell cycle after embryogenesis, resume proliferation to regenerate the injured liver parenchyma. In the present study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of choline kinase alpha (Chka) in hepatocytes in the context of liver regeneration. We report that Chka expression was significantly up-regulated in the regenerating livers in the partial hepatectomy (PHx) model and the acetaminophen (APAP) injection model. In addition, treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a strong pro-proliferative cue, stimulated Chka expression in primary hepatocytes. Chka depletion attenuated HGF-induced proliferation of hepatocytes as evidenced by quantitative PCR and Western blotting measurements of pro-proliferative genes as well as EdU incorporation into replicating DNA. Of interest, deletion of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated Chka induction in the regenerating livers in mice and in cultured hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that Brg1 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) to directly bind to the Chka promoter and activate Chka transcription. Finally, examination of human acute liver failure (ALF) specimens identified a positive correlation between Chka expression and Brg1 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that Brg1-dependent trans-activation of Chka expression may contribute to liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chengping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Intelligent Pathology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Laboratory of Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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9
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Li Y, Inglese M, Dubash S, Barnes C, Brickute D, Braga MC, Wang N, Beckley A, Heinzmann K, Allott L, Lu H, Chen C, Fu R, Carroll L, Aboagye EO. Consideration of Metabolite Efflux in Radiolabelled Choline Kinetics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1246. [PMID: 34452207 PMCID: PMC8400349 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a complex microenvironmental condition known to regulate choline kinase α (CHKA) activity and choline transport through transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and, therefore, may confound the uptake of choline radiotracer [18F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]-choline ([18F]-D4-FCH). The aim of this study was to investigate how hypoxia affects the choline radiotracer dynamics. Three underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia could potentially alter the uptake of the choline radiotracer, [18F]-D4-FCH, were investigated: 18F-D4-FCH import, CHKA phosphorylation activity, and the efflux of [18F]-D4-FCH and its phosphorylated product [18F]-D4-FCHP. The effects of hypoxia on [18F]-D4-FCH uptake were studied in CHKA-overexpressing cell lines of prostate cancer, PC-3, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanisms of radiotracer efflux were assessed by the cell uptake and immunofluorescence in vitro and examined in vivo (n = 24). The mathematical modelling methodology was further developed to verify the efflux hypothesis using [18F]-D4-FCH dynamic PET scans from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 17). We report a novel finding involving the export of phosphorylated [18F]-D4-FCH and [18F]-D4-FCHP via HIF-1α-responsive efflux transporters, including ABCB4, when the HIF-1α level is augmented. This is supported by a graphical analysis of human data with a compartmental model (M2T6k + k5) that accounts for the efflux. Hypoxia/HIF-1α increases the efflux of phosphorylated radiolabelled choline species, thus supporting the consideration of efflux in the modelling of radiotracer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Li
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Marianna Inglese
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Suraiya Dubash
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Chris Barnes
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Diana Brickute
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Marta Costa Braga
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Alice Beckley
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Kathrin Heinzmann
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Louis Allott
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Haonan Lu
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Cen Chen
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Ruisi Fu
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
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10
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A promising 31P NMR-multivariate analysis approach for the identification of milk phosphorylated metabolites and for rapid authentication of milk samples. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101087. [PMID: 34381881 PMCID: PMC8339344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and reliable method for the identification of milk from different mammalians was developed by using 31P NMR metabolite profile of milk serum coupled to multivariate analysis (PCA and classification models UNEQ, SIMCA and K-NN). Ten milk samples from six different mammalians, relevant to human nutrition (human, cow, donkey, mare, goat, sheep), were analyzed and eight monophosphorylated components were identified and quantified: phosphocreatine (PCr), glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE), N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (NAcGlu-1P), lactose-1-phosphate (Lac-1P), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1P), phosphorylcholine (PC), glucose-6-phosphate (Glu-6P). PCA showed interesting clustering based on the animal genus. K-NN can be successfully used to discriminate between donkey and cow samples while UNEQ class-modeling resulted more suitable for compliance verification. Results confirm the natural variability of milk samples among different species. These data highlight the great potentials of NMR/multivariate analysis combined method in the rapid analysis of phosphorylated milk serum metabolites for milk origin assessment and milk adulteration detection.
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11
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Maravat M, Bertrand M, Landon C, Fayon F, Morisset-Lopez S, Sarou-Kanian V, Decoville M. Complementary Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Approaches for Glioma Biomarker Identification in a Drosophila melanogaster Model. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3977-3991. [PMID: 34286978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Composed of glial cells and their precursors, they are aggressive and highly invasive, leading to a poor prognosis. Due to the difficulty of surgically removing tumors and their resistance to treatments, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve patient life expectancy and comfort. Drosophila melanogaster is a compelling genetic model to better understanding human neurological diseases owing to its high conservation in signaling pathways and cellular content of the brain. Here, glioma has been induced in Drosophila by co-activating the epidermal growth factor receptor and the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase signaling pathways. Complementary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to obtain metabolic profiles in the third instar larvae brains. Fresh organs were directly studied by 1H high resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR, and brain extracts were analyzed by solution-state 1H-NMR. Statistical analyses revealed differential metabolic signatures, impacted metabolic pathways, and glioma biomarkers. Each method was efficient to determine biomarkers. The highlighted metabolites including glucose, myo-inositol, sarcosine, glycine, alanine, and pyruvate for solution-state NMR and proline, myo-inositol, acetate, and glucose for HR-MAS show very good performances in discriminating samples according to their nature with data mining based on receiver operating characteristic curves. Combining results allows for a more complete view of induced disturbances and opens the possibility of deciphering the biochemical mechanisms of these tumors. The identified biomarkers provide a means to rebalance specific pathways through targeted metabolic therapy and to study the effects of pharmacological treatments using Drosophila as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maravat
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | | | - Céline Landon
- CNRS, CBM UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Franck Fayon
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
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12
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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Ziółkowska-Suchanek I. Mimicking Tumor Hypoxia in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Employing Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010141. [PMID: 33445709 PMCID: PMC7828188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment feature of lung cancer tumors, which affects cancer progression, metastasis and metabolism. Oxygen induces both proteomic and genomic changes within tumor cells, which cause many alternations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review defines current knowledge in the field of tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including biology, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo studies and also hypoxia imaging and detection. While classic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro research models reveal some hypoxia dependent manifestations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the hypoxic TME. In this study, a systematic review of the current NSCLC 3D models that have been able to mimic the hypoxic TME is presented. The multicellular tumor spheroid, organoids, scaffolds, microfluidic devices and 3D bioprinting currently being utilized in NSCLC hypoxia studies are reviewed. Additionally, the utilization of 3D in vitro models for exploring biological and therapeutic parameters in the future is described.
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14
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Metabolic regulation of prostate cancer heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 82:94-119. [PMID: 33290846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main hallmarks of cancer cells. It refers to the metabolic adaptations of tumor cells in response to nutrient deficiency, microenvironmental insults, and anti-cancer therapies. Metabolic transformation during tumor development plays a critical role in the continued tumor growth and progression and is driven by a complex interplay between the tumor mutational landscape, epigenetic modifications, and microenvironmental influences. Understanding the tumor metabolic vulnerabilities might open novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve the efficacy of current tumor treatments. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease harboring different mutations and tumor cell phenotypes. While the increase of intra-tumor genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity is associated with tumor progression, less is known about metabolic regulation of prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. This review summarizes the central metabolic adaptations in prostate tumors, state-of-the-art technologies for metabolic analysis, and the perspectives for metabolic targeting and diagnostic implications.
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15
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Roci I, Watrous JD, Lagerborg KA, Jain M, Nilsson R. Mapping choline metabolites in normal and transformed cells. Metabolomics 2020; 16:125. [PMID: 33249526 PMCID: PMC7701132 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Choline is an essential human nutrient that is particular important for proliferating cells, and altered choline metabolism has been associated with cancer transformation. Yet, the various metabolic fates of choline in proliferating cells have not been investigated systematically. OBJECTIVES This study aims to map the metabolic products of choline in normal and cancerous proliferating cells. METHODS We performed 13C-choline tracing followed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis of metabolic products in normal and in vitro-transformed (tumor-forming) epithelial cells, and also in tumor-derived cancer cell lines. Selected metabolites were quantified by internal standards. RESULTS Untargeted analysis revealed 121 LCMS peaks that were 13C-labeled from choline, including various phospholipid species, but also previously unknown products such as monomethyl- and dimethyl-ethanolamines. Interestingly, we observed formation of betaine from choline specifically in tumor-derived cells. Expression of choline dehydrogenase (CHDH), which catalyzes the first step of betaine synthesis, correlated with betaine synthesis across the cell lines studied. RNAi silencing of CHDH did not affect cell proliferation, although we observed an increased fraction of G2M phase cells with some RNAi sequences, suggesting that CHDH and its product betaine may play a role in cell cycle progression. Betaine cell concentration was around 10 µM, arguing against an osmotic function, and was not used as a methyl donor. The function of betaine in these tumor-derived cells is presently unknown. CONCLUSION This study identifies novel metabolites of choline in cancer and normal cell lines, and reveals altered choline metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Department of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Avenue,, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Department of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Avenue,, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Avenue,, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roland Nilsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Rubio-Ruiz B, Serrán-Aguilera L, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Conejo-García A. Recent advances in the design of choline kinase α inhibitors and the molecular basis of their inhibition. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:902-927. [PMID: 33103259 DOI: 10.1002/med.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Upregulated choline metabolism, characterized by an increase in phosphocholine (PCho), is a hallmark of oncogenesis and tumor progression. Choline kinase (ChoK), the enzyme responsible for PCho synthesis, has consequently become a promising drug target for cancer therapy and as such a significant number of ChoK inhibitors have been developed over the last few decades. More recently, due to the role of this enzyme in other pathologies, ChoK inhibitors have also been used in new therapeutic approaches against malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review research results in the field of ChoKα inhibitors from their synthesis to the molecular basis of their binding mode. Strategies for the development of inhibitors and their selectivity on ChoKα over ChoKβ, the plasticity of the choline-binding site, the discovery of new exploitable binding sites, and the allosteric properties of this enzyme are highlighted. The outcomes summarized in this review will be a useful guide to develop new multifunctional potent drugs for the treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Serrán-Aguilera
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Conejo-García
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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17
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Dubash S, Inglese M, Mauri F, Kozlowski K, Trivedi P, Arshad M, Challapalli A, Barwick T, Al-Nahhas A, Stanbridge R, Lewanski C, Berry M, Bowen F, Aboagye EO. Spatial heterogeneity of radiolabeled choline positron emission tomography in tumors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: first-in-patient evaluation of [ 18F]fluoromethyl-(1,2- 2H 4)-choline. Theranostics 2020; 10:8677-8690. [PMID: 32754271 PMCID: PMC7392021 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The spatio-molecular distribution of choline and its metabolites in tumors is highly heterogeneous. Due to regulation of choline metabolism by hypoxic transcriptional signaling and other survival factors, we envisage that detection of such heterogeneity in patient tumors could provide the basis for advanced localized therapy. However, non-invasive methods to assess this phenomenon in patients are limited. We investigated such heterogeneity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with [18F]fluoromethyl-(1,2-2H4) choline ([18F]D4-FCH) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Experimental design: [18F]D4-FCH (300.5±72.9MBq [147.60-363.6MBq]) was administered intravenously to 17 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. PET/CT scans were acquired concurrently with radioactive blood sampling to permit mathematical modelling of blood-tissue transcellular rate constants. Comparisons were made with biopsy-derived choline kinase-α (CHKα) expression and diagnostic [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) scans. Results: Oxidation of [18F]D4-FCH to [18F]D4-fluorobetaine was suppressed (48.58±0.31% parent at 60 min) likely due to the deuterium isotope effect embodied within the design of the radiotracer. Early (5 min) and late (60 min) images showed specific uptake of tracer in all 51 lesions (tumors, lymph nodes and metastases) from 17 patients analyzed. [18F]D4-FCH-derived uptake (SUV60max) in index primary lesions (n=17) ranged between 2.87-10.13; lower than that of [18F]FDG PET [6.89-22.64]. Mathematical modelling demonstrated net irreversible uptake of [18F]D4-FCH at steady-state, and parametric mapping of the entire tumor showed large intratumorally heterogeneity in radiotracer retention, which is likely to have influenced correlations with biopsy-derived CHKα expression. Conclusions: [18F]D4-FCH is detectable in NSCLC with large intratumorally heterogeneity, which could be exploited in the future for targeting localized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Dubash
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Kozlowski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mubarik Arshad
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tara Barwick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Al-Nahhas
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rex Stanbridge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad Lewanski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berry
- Department of Medicine and Integrated Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Bowen
- Department of Medicine and Integrated Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Jin H, Guo X, Huang X, Li M, Wang M, Shu XS, Yuan Y, Ying Y. CDCA2 Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer and Is Directly Regulated by HIF-1α Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:725. [PMID: 32509575 PMCID: PMC7248370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major serious malignant tumor and is commonly diagnosed in older men. Identification of novel cancer-related genes in PCa is important for understanding its tumorigenesis mechanism and developing new therapies against PCa. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify the specific genes, which are upregulated in PCa cell lines and tissues. The cell division cycle associated protein (CDCA) family, which plays a critical role in cell division and proliferation, is upregulated in the PCa cell lines of our RNA-Sequencing data. Moreover, we found that CDCA2 is overexpressed, and its protein level positively correlates with its histological grade, clinical stage, and Gleason Score. CDCA2 was further found to be upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival in multiple cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional study suggests that inhibition of CDCA2 will lead to apoptosis and lower proliferation in vitro. Silencing of CDCA2 also repressed tumor growth in vivo. Loss of CDCA2 affects several oncogenic pathways, including MAPK signaling. In addition, we further demonstrated that CDCA2 was induced in hypoxia and directly regulated by the HIF-1α/Smad3 complex. Thus, our data indicate that CDCA2 could act as an oncogene and is regulated by hypoxia and the HIF-1αpathway. CDCA2 may be a useful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingduan Cheng
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Health Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, PHS, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeqing Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Godet I, Shin YJ, Ju JA, Ye IC, Wang G, Gilkes DM. Fate-mapping post-hypoxic tumor cells reveals a ROS-resistant phenotype that promotes metastasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4862. [PMID: 31649238 PMCID: PMC6813355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is known to be detrimental in cancer and contributes to its development. In this work, we present an approach to fate-map hypoxic cells in vivo in order to determine their cellular response to physiological O2 gradients as well as to quantify their contribution to metastatic spread. We demonstrate the ability of the system to fate-map hypoxic cells in 2D, and in 3D spheroids and organoids. We identify distinct gene expression patterns in cells that experienced intratumoral hypoxia in vivo compared to cells exposed to hypoxia in vitro. The intratumoral hypoxia gene-signature is a better prognostic indicator for distant metastasis-free survival. Post-hypoxic tumor cells have an ROS-resistant phenotype that provides a survival advantage in the bloodstream and promotes their ability to establish overt metastasis. Post-hypoxic cells retain an increase in the expression of a subset of hypoxia-inducible genes at the metastatic site, suggesting the possibility of a 'hypoxic memory.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Julia A Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - I Chae Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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20
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Stroke detection with 3 different PET tracers. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:1447-1451. [PMID: 31695834 PMCID: PMC6823742 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of patient morbidity and mortality, being the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a proven tool for oncology patients, and may have utility in patients with stroke. We demonstrate findings of stroke incidentally detected on oncologic PET/CTs using 18F-FDG, 11C-Choline, and 68Ga-DOTATATE radiotracers. Specifically, focal 11C-Choline or 68Ga-DOTATATE uptakes localized in areas of MRI confirmed ischemia, and paradoxically increased 18F-FDG activity was visualized surrounding a region of hemorrhage, in different patients. These cases demonstrate that PET may have utility in evaluating patients with stroke based on flow dynamics, metabolic activity, and receptor expression.
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Abstract
PURPOSE As well as in many others cancers, FDG uptake is correlated with the degree of malignancy in gliomas, that is, commonly high FDG uptake in high-grade gliomas. However, in clinical practice, it is not uncommon to observe high-grade gliomas with low FDG uptake. Our aim was to explore the tumor metabolism in 2 populations of high-grade gliomas presenting high or low FDG uptake. METHODS High-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was realized on tissue samples from 7 high-grade glioma patients with high FDG uptake and 5 high-grade glioma patients with low FDG uptake. Tumor metabolomics was evaluated from 42 quantified metabolites and compared by network analysis. RESULTS Whether originating from astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, the high-grade gliomas with low FDG avidity represent a subgroup of high-grade gliomas presenting common characteristics: low aspartate, glutamate, and creatine levels, which are probably related to the impaired electron transport chain in mitochondria; high serine/glycine metabolism and so one-carbon metabolism; low glycerophosphocholine-phosphocholine ratio in membrane metabolism, which is associated with tumor aggressiveness; and finally negative MGMT methylation status. CONCLUSIONS It seems imperative to identify this subgroup of high-grade gliomas with low FDG avidity, which is especially aggressive. Their identification could be important for early detection for a possible personalized treatment, such as antifolate treatment.
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Effects of hypoxic preconditioning on neuroblastoma tumour oxygenation and metabolic signature in a chick embryo model. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180185. [PMID: 30026261 PMCID: PMC6131206 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia episodes and areas in tumours have been associated with metastatic dissemination and poor prognosis. Given the link between tumour tissue oxygen levels and cellular metabolic activity, we hypothesised that the metabolic profile between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours would reveal potential new biomarkers and signalling cues. We have used a previously established chick embryo model for neuroblastoma growth and metastasis, where the metastatic phenotype can be controlled by neuroblastoma cell hypoxic preconditioning (3 days at 1% O2). We measured, with fibre-optic oxygen sensors, the effects of the hypoxic preconditioning on the tumour oxygenation, within tumours formed by SK-N-AS cells on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. We found that the difference between the metastatic and non-metastatic intratumoural oxygen levels was small (0.35% O2), with a mean below 1.5% O2 for most tumours. The metabolomic profiling, using NMR spectroscopy, of neuroblastoma cells cultured in normoxia or hypoxia for 3 days, and of the tumours formed by these cells showed that the effects of hypoxia in vitro did not compare with in vivo tumours. One notable difference was the high levels of the glycolytic end-products triggered by hypoxia in vitro, but not by hypoxia preconditioning in tumours, likely due to the very high basal levels of these metabolites in tumours compared with cells. In conclusion, we have identified high levels of ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate), lactate and phosphocholine in hypoxic preconditioned tumours, all known to fuel tumour growth, and we herein point to the poor relevance of in vitro metabolomic experiments for cancer research.
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Shah T, Krishnamachary B, Wildes F, Wijnen JP, Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular causes of elevated phosphoethanolamine in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3936. [PMID: 29928787 PMCID: PMC6118328 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated phosphoethanolamine (PE) is frequently observed in MRS studies of human cancers and xenografts. The role of PE in cell survival and the molecular causes underlying this increase are, however, relatively underexplored. In this study, we investigated the roles of ethanolamine kinases (Etnk-1 and 2) and choline kinases (Chk-α and β) in contributing to increased PE in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells. We investigated the effect of silencing Etnk-1 and Etnk-2 on cell viability as a potential therapeutic strategy. Both breast and pancreatic cancer cells showed higher PE compared with their nonmalignant counterparts. We identified Etnk-1 as a major cause of the elevated PE levels in these cancer cells, with little or no contribution from Chk-α, Chk-β, or Etnk-2. The increase of PE observed in pancreatic cancer cells in culture was replicated in the corresponding tumor xenografts. Downregulation of Etnk-1 with siRNA resulted in cell cytotoxicity that correlated with PE levels in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Etnk-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target in breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Centre of Image Sciences/High field MR Research group, Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, PhD, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Phone: +1 (410) 955 9698 | Fax: +1 (410) 614 1948,
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Lin G, Lin KJ, Wang F, Chen TC, Yen TC, Yeh TS. Synergistic antiproliferative effects of an mTOR inhibitor (rad001) plus gemcitabine on cholangiocarcinoma by decreasing choline kinase activity. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033050. [PMID: 29666220 PMCID: PMC6124555 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gemcitabine plus cisplatin is the gold standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced cholangiocarcinoma, the response rate has been disappointing. This study aims to investigate a novel therapeutic regimen [gemcitabine plus everolimus (rad001), an mTOR inhibitor] for cholangiocarcinoma. Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, cetuximab and rad001 in various combinations were first evaluated in vitro using six cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. In vivo therapeutic efficacies of gemcitabine and rad001 alone and their combination were further evaluated using a xenograft mouse model and a chemically induced orthotopic cholangiocarcinoma rat model. In the in vitro study, gemcitabine plus rad001 exerted a synergistic therapeutic effect on the cholangiocarcinoma cells, irrespective of the KRAS mutation status. In the xenograft study, gemcitabine plus rad001 showed the best therapeutic effect on tumor volume change, and was associated with increased caspase-3 expression, decreased eIF4E expression, as well as overexpression of both death receptor- and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related genes. In a chemically induced cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rat model, the gemcitabine plus rad001 treatment suppressed tumor glycolysis as measured by 18F-fludeoxyglucose micro-positron emission tomography. Also, increased intratumoral free choline, decreased glycerophosphocholine and nearly undetectable phosphocholine levels were demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, supported by results of decreased choline kinase expression in western blotting. We concluded that gemcitabine plus rad001 has a synergistic antiproliferative effect on cholangiocarcinoma, irrespective of the KRAS mutation status. The antitumor effect is associated with activation of both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, as well as the downregulation of choline kinase activity, resulting in a characteristic change in choline metabolism. Summary: Rad001 plus gemcitabine exerts a synergistic antitumor effect on cholangiocarcinoma irrespective of KRAS mutation status, with underlying mechanisms involving activation of the death receptor, mitochondrial pathways and downregulated choline kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Frank Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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26
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Viswanath P, Radoul M, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Luchman HA, Gregory Cairncross J, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. Mutant IDH1 gliomas downregulate phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine synthesis in a 2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent manner. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29619216 PMCID: PMC5881177 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have identified elevated levels of the phospholipid precursor phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE) as metabolic hallmarks of cancer. Unusually, however, PC and PE levels are reduced in mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDHmut) gliomas that produce the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) relative to wild-type IDH1 (IDHwt) gliomas. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this unusual metabolic reprogramming in IDHmut gliomas. METHODS Steady-state PC and PE were quantified using 31P-MRS. To quantify de novo PC and PE synthesis, we used 13C-MRS and measured flux to 13C-PC and 13C-PE in cells incubated with [1,2-13C]-choline and [1,2-13C]-ethanolamine. The activities of choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK), the enzymes responsible for PC and PE synthesis, were quantified using 31P-MR-based assays. To interrogate the role of 2-HG, we examined IDHwt cells incubated with 2-HG and, conversely, IDHmut cells treated with the IDHmut inhibitor AGI-5198. To examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), we silenced HIF-1α using RNA interference. To confirm our findings in vivo and in the clinic, we studied IDHwt and IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and glioma patient biopsies. RESULTS De novo synthesis of PC and PE was reduced in IDHmut cells relative to IDHwt. Concomitantly, CK activity and EK activity were reduced in IDHmut cells. Pharmacological manipulation of 2-HG levels established that 2-HG was responsible for reduced CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE. 2-HG has previously been reported to stabilize levels of HIF-1α, a known regulator of CK activity. Silencing HIF-1α in IDHmut cells restored CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE to IDHwt levels. Our findings were recapitulated in IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and, most importantly, in IDHmut patient biopsies, validating our findings in vivo and in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies, to our knowledge for the first time, a direct role for 2-HG in the downregulation of CK and EK activity, and thereby, PC and PE synthesis in IDHmut gliomas. These results highlight the unusual reprogramming of phospholipid metabolism in IDHmut gliomas and have implications for the identification of MRS-detectable metabolic biomarkers associated with 2-HG status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hema Artee Luchman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - J. Gregory Cairncross
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Russell O. Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Bharti SK, Mironchik Y, Wildes F, Penet MF, Goggins E, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. Metabolic consequences of HIF silencing in a triple negative human breast cancer xenograft. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15326-15339. [PMID: 29632647 PMCID: PMC5880607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is frequently encountered in tumors and results in the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). These factors transcriptionally activate genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxia. In cancers, hypoxia and HIFs have been associated with increased invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemo and radiation therapy. Here we have characterized the metabolic consequences of silencing HIF-1α and HIF-2α singly or combined in MDA-MB-231 triple negative human breast cancer xenografts, using non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) of in vivo tumors, and high-resolution 1H MRS of tumor extracts. Tumors from all three sublines showed a significant reduction of growth rate. We identified new metabolic targets of HIF, and demonstrated the divergent consequences of silencing HIF-1α and HIF-2α individually on some of these targets. These data expand our understanding of the metabolic pathways regulated by HIFs that may provide new insights into the adaptive metabolic response of cancer cells to hypoxia. Such insights may lead to novel metabolism based therapeutic targets for triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Deep G, Panigrahi GK. Hypoxia-Induced Signaling Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression: Exosomes Role as Messenger of Hypoxic Response in Tumor Microenvironment. Crit Rev Oncog 2018; 20:419-34. [PMID: 27279239 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v20.i5-6.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is the leading malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Hypoxia (low O2 condition) is considered an early event in prostate carcinogenesis associated with an aggressive phenotype. In fact, clinically, hypoxia and hypoxia-related biomarkers are associated with treatment failure and disease progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the key factor that is activated under hypoxia, and mediates adaptation of cells to hypoxic conditions through regulating the expression of genes associated with angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, survival, proliferation, metabolism, sternness, hormone-refractory progression, and therapeutic resistance. Besides HIF-1, several other signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NADPH oxidase (NOX), Wnt/b-catenin, and Hedgehog are activated in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, and also contribute in hypoxia-induced biological effects in HIF-1-dependent and -independent manners. Hypoxic cancer cells cause extensive changes in the tumor microenvironment both local and distant, and recent studies have provided ample evidence supporting the crucial role of nanosized vesicles "exosomes" in mediating hypoxia-induced tumor microenvironment remodeling. Exosomes' role has been reported in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, sternness, activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and EMT. Together, existing literature suggests that hypoxia plays a predominant role in PCA growth and progression, and PCA could be effectively prevented and treated via targeting hypoxia/hypoxia-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Gati K Panigrahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO
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29
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Metabolomics approaches in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 314:94-100. [PMID: 29224959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A myelin basic protein (MBP)-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) involves paraplegia due to a reversible thoracolumbar spinal cord impairment. The aims of this study were thus to find significant metabolic biomarkers of inflammation and identify the site of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) during the acute signs in of the disease using metabolomics. All the EAE samples were associated with higher levels of lactate, ascorbate, glucose and amino acids, and decreased level of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) compared to the control group. A decreased NAA level has been particularly shown in lumbar spinal cord in relationship with the clinical signs.
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30
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Ming YN, Zhang JY, Wang XL, Li CM, Ma SC, Wang ZY, Liu XL, Li XB, Mao YM. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based profiling of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the plasma and liver of acetaminophen-induced liver injured mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:153. [PMID: 28807032 PMCID: PMC5556666 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure in many countries. The aim of the study was to describe the profiling of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the plasma and liver of Acetaminophen -induced liver injured mice. Methods A time course study was carried out using C57BL/6 mice after intraperitoneal administration of 300 mg/kg Acetaminophen 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. A high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipidomic method was utilized to detect phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species in the plasma and liver. The expressions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism related genes in liver were detected by quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western-blot. Results Following Acetaminophen treatment, the content of many PC and PE species in plasma increased from 1 h time point, peaked at 3 h or 6 h, and tended to return to baseline at 24 h time point. The relative contents of almost all PC species in liver decreased from 1 h, appeared to be lowest at 6 h, and then return to normality at 24 h, which might be partly explained by the suppression of phospholipases mRNA expressions and the induction of choline kinase (Chka) expression. Inconsistent with PC profile, the relative contents of many PE species in liver increased upon Acetaminophen treatment, which might be caused by the down-regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pemt). Conclusions Acetaminophen overdose induced dramatic change of many PC and PE species in plasma and liver, which might be caused by damaging hepatocytes and interfering the phospholipid metabolism in Acetaminophen -injured liver. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0540-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Min Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Cong Ma
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Min Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Armiñán A, Mendes L, Carrola J, Movellan J, Vicent MJ, Duarte IF. HIF-1α inhibition by diethylstilbestrol and its polyacetal conjugate in hypoxic prostate tumour cells: insights from NMR metabolomics. J Drug Target 2017; 25:845-855. [PMID: 28737429 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1358728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have employed 1H NMR metabolomics to assess the metabolic responses of PC3 prostate tumour cells to hypoxia and to pharmacological HIF-1α inhibition by DES or its polyacetal conjugate tert-DES. Oxygen deprivation prompted a number of changes in intracellular composition and metabolic activity, mainly reflecting upregulated glycolysis, amino acid catabolism and other compensatory mechanisms used by hypoxic cells to deal with oxidative imbalance and energy deficit. Cell treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration of DES, under hypoxia, triggered significant changes in 17 metabolites. Among these, lactate, phosphocreatine and reduced glutathione, whose levels showed opposite variations in hypoxic and drug-treated cells, emerged as possible markers of DES-induced HIF-1α inhibition. Furthermore, the free drug had a much higher impact on the cellular metabolome than tert-DES, particularly concerning polyamine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways, known to be tightly involved in cell proliferation and growth. This is likely due to the different cell pharmacokinetics observed between free and conjugated DES. Overall, this study has revealed a number of unanticipated metabolic changes that inform on DES and tert-DES direct cellular effects, providing further insight into their mode of action at the biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Armiñán
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Luís Mendes
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Joana Carrola
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Julie Movellan
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Iola F Duarte
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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A comprehensive characterisation of the metabolic profile of varicose veins; implications in elaborating plausible cellular pathways for disease pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2989. [PMID: 28592827 PMCID: PMC5462754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic phenotypes reflect both the genetic and environmental factors which contribute to the development of varicose veins (VV). This study utilises analytical techniques to provide a comprehensive metabolic picture of VV disease, with the aim of identifying putative cellular pathways of disease pathogenesis. VV (n = 80) and non-VV (n = 35) aqueous and lipid metabolite extracts were analysed using 600 MHz 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. A subset of tissue samples (8 subjects and 8 controls) were analysed for microRNA expression and the data analysed with mirBase (www.mirbase.org). Using Multivariate statistical analysis, Ingenuity pathway analysis software, DIANALAB database and published literature, the association of significant metabolites with relevant cellular pathways were understood. Higher concentrations of glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, creatine and inosine were present in aqueous extracts and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin in lipid extracts in the VV group compared with non-VV group. Out of 7 differentially expressed miRNAs, spearman correlation testing highlighted correlation of hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-4459 and hsa-miR-135a-3p expression with inosine in the vein tissue, while miR-216a-5p, conversely, was correlated with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Pathway analysis revealed an association of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin with inflammation and myo-inositol with cellular proliferation.
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Is there an association between enhanced choline and β-catenin pathway in breast cancer? A pilot study by MR Spectroscopy and ELISA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2221. [PMID: 28533512 PMCID: PMC5440410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Total choline (tCho) was documented as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis by in vivo MRS. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind elevated tCho in breast cancer, an association of tCho with β-catenin and cyclin D1 was evaluated. Hundred fractions from 20 malignant, 10 benign and 20 non-involved breast tissues were isolated. Cytosolic and nuclear expressions of β-catenin and cyclin D1 were estimated using ELISA. Higher tCho was seen in malignant compared to benign tissues. Malignant tissues showed higher cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin expressions than benign and non-involved tissues. Within malignant tissues, β-catenin and cyclin D1 expressions were higher in the nucleus than cytosol. Cyclin D1 expression was higher in the cytosolic fractions of benign and non-involved than malignant tissues. Furthermore, in malignant tissues, tCho showed a positive correlation with the cytosolic and nuclear expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and also a correlation between nuclear expressions of both these proteins was seen. Higher cytosolic β-catenin expression was seen in progesterone receptor negative than positive patients. Results provide an evidence of correlation between non-invasive biomarker, tCho and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The findings explain the molecular mechanism of tCho elevation which may facilitate exploration of additional therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Lin XM, Hu L, Gu J, Wang RY, Li L, Tang J, Zhang BH, Yan XZ, Zhu YJ, Hu CL, Zhou WP, Li S, Liu JF, Gonzalez FJ, Wu MC, Wang HY, Chen L. Choline Kinase α Mediates Interactions Between the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Promote Drug Resistance and Xenograft Tumor Progression. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1187-1202. [PMID: 28065789 PMCID: PMC6661112 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Choline kinase α (CHKA) catalyzes conversion of choline to phosphocholine and can contribute to carcinogenesis. Little is known about the role of CHKA in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We performed whole-exome and transcriptome sequence analyses of 9 paired HCC and non-tumor-adjacent tissues. We performed tissue chip analyses of 120 primary HCC and non-tumor-adjacent tissues from patients who received surgery in Shanghai, China from January 2006 through December 2009; 48 sets of specimens (HCC and non-tumor-adjacent tissues) were also analyzed. CHKA gene copy number was quantified and findings were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. CHKA messenger RNA and protein levels were determined by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot analyses. CHKA was examined in 2 hepatocyte cell lines and 7 HCC-derived cell lines, and knocked down with small interfering RNAs in 3 HCC cell lines. Cells were analyzed in proliferation, wound healing, migration, and invasion assays. Cells were injected into tail veins of mice and tumor growth and metastasis were quantified. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to determine interactions between CHKA and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2. RESULTS Levels of CHKA messenger RNA were frequently increased in HCC tissues compared with nontumor tissues; increased expression was associated with amplification at the CHKA loci. Tumors that expressed high levels of CHKA had more aggressive phenotypes, and patients with these tumors had shorter survival times after surgery compared to patients whose tumors expressed low levels of CHKA. HCC cell lines that stably overexpressed CHKA had higher levels of migration and invasion than control HCC cells, and formed larger xenograft tumors with more metastases in mice compared to HCC cells that did not overexpress CHKA. CHKA was required for physical interaction between EGFR and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2. This complex was required for HCC cells to form metastatic xenograft tumors in mice and to become resistant to EGFR inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We found levels of CHKA to be increased in human HCCs compared to nontumor tissues, and increased expression to be associated with tumor aggressiveness and reduced survival times of patients. Overexpression of CHKA in HCC cell lines increased their invasiveness, resistance to EGFR inhibitors, and ability to form metastatic tumors in mice by promoting interaction of EGFR with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Meng Lin
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;,Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Bioinformatics Division, Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Zhou Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong-Li Hu
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Battini S, Faitot F, Imperiale A, Cicek AE, Heimburger C, Averous G, Bachellier P, Namer IJ. Metabolomics approaches in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: tumor metabolism profiling predicts clinical outcome of patients. BMC Med 2017; 15:56. [PMID: 28298227 PMCID: PMC5353864 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAs) have very poor prognoses even when surgery is possible. Currently, there are no tissular biomarkers to predict long-term survival in patients with PA. The aims of this study were to (1) describe the metabolome of pancreatic parenchyma (PP) and PA, (2) determine the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on PP and PA, and (3) find tissue metabolic biomarkers associated with long-term survivors, using metabolomics analysis. METHODS 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using intact tissues was applied to analyze metabolites in PP tissue samples (n = 17) and intact tumor samples (n = 106), obtained from 106 patients undergoing surgical resection for PA. RESULTS An orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed a clear distinction between PP and PA. Higher concentrations of myo-inositol and glycerol were shown in PP, whereas higher levels of glucose, ascorbate, ethanolamine, lactate, and taurine were revealed in PA. Among those metabolites, one of them was particularly obvious in the distinction between long-term and short-term survivors. A high ethanolamine level was associated with worse survival. The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was higher on PA than on PP. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that HRMAS NMR spectroscopy using intact tissue provides important and solid information in the characterization of PA. Metabolomics profiling can also predict long-term survival: the assessment of ethanolamine concentration can be clinically relevant as a single metabolic biomarker. This information can be obtained in 20 min, during surgery, to distinguish long-term from short-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Battini
- ICube, UMR 7357 University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Faitot
- ICube, UMR 7357 University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Imperiale
- ICube, UMR 7357 University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Cedex, 67098, France
| | - A E Cicek
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Heimburger
- ICube, UMR 7357 University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Cedex, 67098, France
| | - G Averous
- Department of Pathology, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Bachellier
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - I J Namer
- ICube, UMR 7357 University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
- FMTS, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hautepierre Hospital, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Cedex, 67098, France.
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Lutz NW, Banerjee P, Wilson BJ, Ma J, Cozzone PJ, Frank MH. Expression of Cell-Surface Marker ABCB5 Causes Characteristic Modifications of Glucose, Amino Acid and Phospholipid Metabolism in the G3361 Melanoma-Initiating Cell Line. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161803. [PMID: 27560924 PMCID: PMC4999280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a pilot study aimed at determining the effects of expression of ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5), a previously described marker for melanoma-initiating cells, on cellular metabolism. Metabolic profiles for two groups of human G3361 melanoma cells were compared, i.e. wildtype melanoma cells with intact ABCB5 expression (ABCB5-WT) and corresponding melanoma cell variants with inhibited ABCB5 expression, through shRNA-mediated gene knockdown (ABCB5-KD). A comprehensive metabolomic analysis was performed by using proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy of cell extracts to examine water-soluble metabolites and lipids. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis of absolute and relative metabolite levels yielded significant differences for compounds involved in glucose, amino acid and phospholipid (PL) metabolism. By contrast, energy metabolism was virtually unaffected by ABCB5 expression. The sum of water-soluble metabolites per total protein was 17% higher in ABCB5-WT vs. ABCB5-KD G3361 variants, but no difference was found for the sum of PLs. Enhanced abundance was particularly pronounced for lactate (+ 23%) and alanine (+ 26%), suggesting an increase in glycolysis and potentially glutaminolysis. Increases in PL degradation products, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine (+ 85 and 123%, respectively), and redistributions within the PL pool suggested enhanced membrane PL turnover as a consequence of ABCB5 expression. The possibility of glycolysis modulation by an ABCB5-dependent IL1β-mediated mechanism was supported by functional studies employing monoclonal antibody (mAb)-dependent ABCB5 protein inhibition in wildtype G3361 melanoma cells. Our metabolomic results suggest that the underlying biochemical pathways may offer targets for melanoma therapy, potentially in combination with other treatment forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert W Lutz
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7339 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pallavi Banerjee
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian J Wilson
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Ma
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Cozzone
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7339 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Singapore Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Gorad SS, Ellingsen C, Bathen TF, Mathiesen BS, Moestue SA, Rofstad EK. Identification of Metastasis-Associated Metabolic Profiles of Tumors by (1)H-HR-MAS-MRS. Neoplasia 2016; 17:767-75. [PMID: 26585232 PMCID: PMC4656806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop an abnormal microenvironment during growth, and similar to the metastatic phenotype, the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is tightly linked to characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we explored relationships between metabolic profile, metastatic propensity, and hypoxia in experimental tumors in an attempt to identify metastasis-associated metabolic profiles. Two human melanoma xenograft lines (A-07, R-18) showing different TMEs were used as cancer models. Metabolic profile was assessed by proton high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-HR-MAS-MRS). Tumor hypoxia was detected in immunostained histological preparations by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. Twenty-four samples from 10 A-07 tumors and 28 samples from 10 R-18 tumors were analyzed. Metastasis was associated with hypoxia in both A-07 and R-18 tumors, and 1H-HR-MAS-MRS discriminated between tissue samples with and tissue samples without hypoxic regions in both models, primarily because hypoxia was associated with high lactate resonance peaks in A-07 tumors and with low lactate resonance peaks in R-18 tumors. Similarly, metastatic and non-metastatic R-18 tumors showed significantly different metabolic profiles, but not metastatic and non-metastatic A-07 tumors, probably because some samples from the metastatic A-07 tumors were derived from tumor regions without hypoxic tissue. This study suggests that 1H-HR-MAS-MRS may be a valuable tool for evaluating the role of hypoxia and lactate in tumor metastasis as well as for identification of metastasis-associated metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine Ellingsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit S Mathiesen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Cuccurullo V, Di Stasio GD, Evangelista L, Castoria G, Mansi L. Biochemical and Pathophysiological Premises to Positron Emission Tomography With Choline Radiotracers. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:270-275. [PMID: 27381438 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline is a quaternary ammonium base that represents an essential component of phospholipids and cell membranes. Malignant transformation is associated with an abnormal choline metabolism at a higher levels with respect to those exclusively due to cell multiplication. The use of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with radiocholine (RCH), labeled with 11 C or 18 F, is widely diffuse in oncology, with main reference to restaging of patients with prostate cancer. The enhanced concentration in neoplasm is based not only on the increasing growing rate, but also on more specific issues, such as the augmented uptake in malignant cells due to the up-regulation of choline kinase. Furthermore the role of hypoxia in decreasing choline's uptake determine an in vivo concentration only in well oxygenated tumors, with a lower uptake when malignancy increases, that is, in tumors positive at 18 F-Fluoro-deoxyglucose. In this paper we have analyzed the most important issues related to the possible utilization of RCH in diagnostic imaging of human cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 270-275, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cuccurullo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Di Stasio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Promotes Prostate Cancer: Role in Cell Survival under Hypoxia and Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071061. [PMID: 27384557 PMCID: PMC4964437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading malignancy among men in United States. Recent studies have focused on the identification of novel metabolic characteristics of PCa, aimed at devising better preventive and therapeutic approaches. PCa cells have revealed unique metabolic features such as higher expression of several enzymes associated with de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid up-take and β-oxidation. This aberrant lipid metabolism has been reported to be important for PCa growth, hormone-refractory progression and treatment resistance. Furthermore, PCa cells effectively use lipid metabolism under adverse environmental conditions for their survival advantage. Specifically, hypoxic cancer cells accumulate higher amount of lipids through a combination of metabolic alterations including high glutamine and fatty acid uptake, as well as decreased fatty acid oxidation. These stored lipids serve to protect cancer cells from oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and play important roles in fueling cancer cell proliferation following re-oxygenation. Lastly, cellular lipids have also been implicated in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, which play a vital role in intercellular communication. Overall, the new understanding of lipid metabolism in recent years has offered several novel targets to better target and manage clinical PCa.
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40
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Arlauckas SP, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ. Choline kinase alpha-Putting the ChoK-hold on tumor metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:28-40. [PMID: 27073147 PMCID: PMC5360181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that lipid metabolism is drastically altered during tumor development and response to therapy. Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is a key mediator of these changes, as it represents the first committed step in the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and ChoKα expression is upregulated in many human cancers. ChoKα activity is associated with drug resistant, metastatic, and malignant phenotypes, and represents a robust biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. Effective ChoKα inhibitors have been developed and have recently entered clinical trials. ChoKα's clinical relevance was, until recently, attributed solely to its production of second messenger intermediates of phospholipid synthesis. The recent discovery of a non-catalytic scaffolding function of ChoKα may link growth receptor signaling to lipid biogenesis and requires a reinterpretation of the design and validation of ChoKα inhibitors. Advances in positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and optical imaging methods now allow for a comprehensive understanding of ChoKα expression and activity in vivo. We will review the current understanding of ChoKα metabolism, its role in tumor biology and the development and validation of targeted therapies and companion diagnostics for this important regulatory enzyme. This comes at a critical time as ChoKα-targeting programs receive more clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kurihara T, Westenskow PD, Gantner ML, Usui Y, Schultz A, Bravo S, Aguilar E, Wittgrove C, Friedlander MS, Paris LP, Chew E, Siuzdak G, Friedlander M. Hypoxia-induced metabolic stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells is sufficient to induce photoreceptor degeneration. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26978795 PMCID: PMC4848091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors are the most numerous and metabolically demanding cells in the retina. Their primary nutrient source is the choriocapillaris, and both the choriocapillaris and photoreceptors require trophic and functional support from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Defects in RPE, photoreceptors, and the choriocapillaris are characteristic of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common vision-threatening disease. RPE dysfunction or death is a primary event in AMD, but the combination(s) of cellular stresses that affect the function and survival of RPE are incompletely understood. Here, using mouse models in which hypoxia can be genetically triggered in RPE, we show that hypoxia-induced metabolic stress alone leads to photoreceptor atrophy. Glucose and lipid metabolism are radically altered in hypoxic RPE cells; these changes impact nutrient availability for the sensory retina and promote progressive photoreceptor degeneration. Understanding the molecular pathways that control these responses may provide important clues about AMD pathogenesis and inform future therapies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14319.001 Cells use a sugar called glucose as fuel to provide energy for many essential processes. The light-sensing cells in the eye, known as photoreceptors, need tremendous amounts of glucose, which they receive from the blood with the help of neighboring cells called retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Without a reliable supply of this sugar, the photoreceptors die and vision is lost. As we age, we are at greater risk of vision loss because RPE cells become less efficient at transporting glucose and our blood vessels shrink so that the photoreceptors may become starved of glucose. To prevent age-related vision loss, we need new strategies to keep blood vessels and RPE cells healthy. However, it was not clear exactly how RPE cells supply photoreceptors with glucose, and what happens when blood supplies are reduced. To address this question, Kurihara, Westenskow et al. used genetically modified mice to investigate how cells in the eye respond to starvation. The experiments show that when nutrients are scarce the RPE cells essentially panic, radically change their diet, and become greedy. That is to say that they double in size and begin burning fuel faster while also stockpiling extra sugar and fat for later use. In turn, the photoreceptors don’t get the energy they need and so they slowly stop working and die. Kurihara, Westenskow et al. also show that there is a rapid change in the way in which sugar and fat are processed in the eye during starvation. Learning how to prevent these changes in patients with age-related vision loss could protect their photoreceptors from starvation and death. The next step following on from this research is to design drugs to improve the supply of glucose and nutrients to the photoreceptors by repairing aging blood vessels and/or preventing RPE cells from stockpiling glucose for themselves. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14319.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Marin L Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Andrew Schultz
- Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Stephen Bravo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Edith Aguilar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Carli Wittgrove
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mollie Sh Friedlander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Liliana P Paris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Emily Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Martin Friedlander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
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Danhier P, Krishnamachary B, Bharti S, Kakkad S, Mironchik Y, Bhujwalla ZM. Combining Optical Reporter Proteins with Different Half-lives to Detect Temporal Evolution of Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Tumors. Neoplasia 2015; 17:871-881. [PMID: 26696369 PMCID: PMC4688563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we have developed a hypoxia response element driven imaging strategy that combined the hypoxia-driven expression of two optical reporters with different half-lives to detect temporal changes in hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activity. For this purpose, human prostate cancer PC3 cells were transfected with the luciferase gene fused with an oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD-luc) and a variant of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Both ODD-luciferase and EGFP were under the promotion of a poly-hypoxia-response element sequence (5xHRE). The cells constitutively expressed tdTomato red fluorescent protein. For validating the imaging strategy, cells were incubated under hypoxia (1% O2) for 48 hours and then reoxygenated. The luciferase activity of PC3-HRE-EGFP/HRE-ODD-luc/tdtomato cells detected by bioluminescent imaging rapidly decreased after reoxygenation, whereas EGFP levels in these cells remained stable for several hours. After in vitro validation, PC3-HRE-EGFP/HRE-ODD-luc/tdtomato tumors were implanted subcutaneously and orthotopically in nude male mice and imaged in vivo and ex vivo using optical imaging in proof-of-principle studies to demonstrate differences in optical patterns between EGFP expression and bioluminescence. This novel "timer" imaging strategy of combining the short-lived ODD-luciferase and the long-lived EGFP can provide a time frame of HRE activation in PC3 prostate cancer cells and will be useful to understand the temporal changes in hypoxia and HIF activity during cancer progression and following treatments including HIF targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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43
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Kahlert UD, Cheng M, Koch K, Marchionni L, Fan X, Raabe EH, Maciaczyk J, Glunde K, Eberhart CG. Alterations in cellular metabolome after pharmacological inhibition of Notch in glioblastoma cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1246-55. [PMID: 26422827 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling can promote tumorigenesis in the nervous system and plays important roles in stem-like cancer cells. However, little is known about how Notch inhibition might alter tumor metabolism, particularly in lesions arising in the brain. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK003 was used to treat glioblastoma neurospheres, and they were subdivided into sensitive and insensitive groups in terms of canonical Notch target response. Global metabolomes were then examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and changes in intracellular concentration of various metabolites identified which correlate with Notch inhibition. Reductions in glutamate were verified by oxidation-based colorimetric assays. Interestingly, the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, the mTOR-inhibitor MLN0128, and the WNT inhibitor LGK974 did not reduce glutamate levels, suggesting that changes to this metabolite might reflect specific downstream effects of Notch blockade in gliomas rather than general sequelae of tumor growth inhibition. Global and targeted expression analyses revealed that multiple genes important in glutamate homeostasis, including glutaminase, are dysregulated after Notch inhibition. Treatment with an allosteric inhibitor of glutaminase, compound 968, could slow glioblastoma growth, and Notch inhibition may act at least in part by regulating glutaminase and glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katharina Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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44
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Guleria A, Misra DP, Rawat A, Dubey D, Khetrapal CL, Bacon P, Misra R, Kumar D. NMR-Based Serum Metabolomics Discriminates Takayasu Arteritis from Healthy Individuals: A Proof-of-Principle Study. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3372-81. [PMID: 26081138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a debilitating, systemic disease that involves the aorta and large arteries in a chronic inflammatory process that leads to vessel stenosis. Initially, the disease remains clinically silent (or remains undetected) until the patients present with vascular occlusion. Therefore, new methods for appropriate and timely diagnosis of TA cases are needed to start proper therapy on time and also to monitor the patient's response to the given treatment. In this context, NMR-based serum metabolomic profiling has been explored in this proof-of-principle study for the first time to determine characteristic metabolites that could be potentially helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of TA. Serum metabolic profiling of TA patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 30) was performed using 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and possible biomarker metabolites were identified. Using projection to least-squares discriminant analysis, we could distinguish TA patients from healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, TA patients had (a) increased serum levels of choline metabolites, LDL cholesterol, N-acetyl glycoproteins (NAGs), and glucose and (b) decreased serum levels of lactate, lipids, HDL cholesterol, and glucogenic amino acids. The results of this study are preliminary and need to be confirmed in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Guleria
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Rawat
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Durgesh Dubey
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Chunni Lal Khetrapal
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bacon
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ramnath Misra
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- †Centre of Biomedical Research and ‡Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India.,§Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Jiang L, Chughtai K, Purvine SO, Bhujwalla ZM, Raman V, Paša-Tolić L, Heeren RMA, Glunde K. MALDI-Mass Spectrometric Imaging Revealing Hypoxia-Driven Lipids and Proteins in a Breast Tumor Model. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5947-5956. [PMID: 25993305 PMCID: PMC4820759 DOI: 10.1021/ac504503x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic areas are a common feature of rapidly growing malignant tumors and their metastases and are typically spatially heterogeneous. Hypoxia has a strong impact on tumor cell biology and contributes to tumor progression in multiple ways. To date, only a few molecular key players in tumor hypoxia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), have been discovered. The distribution of biomolecules is frequently heterogeneous in the tumor volume and may be driven by hypoxia and HIF-1α. Understanding the spatially heterogeneous hypoxic response of tumors is critical. Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) provides a unique way of imaging biomolecular distributions in tissue sections with high spectral and spatial resolution. In this paper, breast tumor xenografts grown from MDA-MB-231-HRE-tdTomato cells, with a red fluorescent tdTomato protein construct under the control of a hypoxia response element (HRE)-containing promoter driven by HIF-1α, were used to detect the spatial distribution of hypoxic regions. We elucidated the 3D spatial relationship between hypoxic regions and the localization of lipids and proteins by using principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) on 3D rendered MSI volume data from MDA-MB-231-HRE-tdTomato breast tumor xenografts. In this study, we identified hypoxia-regulated proteins active in several distinct pathways such as glucose metabolism, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, protein folding, translation/ribosome, splicesome, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, hemoglobin chaperone, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, aurora B signaling/apoptotic execution phase, the RAS signaling pathway, the FAS signaling pathway/caspase cascade in apoptosis, and telomere stress induced senescence. In parallel, we also identified colocalization of hypoxic regions and various lipid species such as PC(16:0/18:0), PC(16:0/18:1), PC(16:0/18:2), PC(16:1/18:4), PC(18:0/18:1), and PC(18:1/18:1), among others. Our findings shed light on the biomolecular composition of hypoxic tumor regions, which may be responsible for a given tumor's resistance to radiation or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | - Samuel O. Purvine
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Venu Raman
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- FOM Institute AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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NMR (1H and 13C) based signatures of abnormal choline metabolism in oral squamous cell carcinoma with no prominent Warburg effect. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:574-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Dali-Youcef N, Froelich S, Moussallieh FM, Chibbaro S, Noël G, Namer IJ, Heikkinen S, Auwerx J. Gene expression mapping of histone deacetylases and co-factors, and correlation with survival time and 1H-HRMAS metabolomic profile in human gliomas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9087. [PMID: 25791281 PMCID: PMC4367156 DOI: 10.1038/srep09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are presently classified based on imaging and histopathological
techniques, which remains unsatisfaying. We profiled here by quantitative real time
PCR (qRT-PCR) the transcripts of eighteen histone deacetylases (HDACs) and a subset
of transcriptional co-factors in non-tumoral brain samples from 15 patients operated
for epilepsia and in brain tumor samples from 50 patients diagnosed with grade II
oligodendrogliomas (ODII, n = 9), grade III oligodendrogliomas (ODIII, n = 22) and
glioblastomas (GL, n = 19). Co-factor transcripts were significantly different in
tumors as compared to non-tumoral samples and distinguished different molecular
subgroups of brain tumors, regardless of tumor grade. Among all patients studied,
the expression of HDAC1 and HDAC3 was inversely correlated with
survival, whereas the expression of HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6,
HDAC11 and SIRT1 was significantly and positively correlated with
survival time of patients with gliomas. 1H-HRMAS technology revealed
metabolomically distinct groups according to the expression of HDAC1, HDAC4 and
SIRT1, suggesting that these genes may play an important role in regulating brain
tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Our study hence identified different molecular
fingerprints for subgroups of histopathologically similar brain tumors that may
enable the prediction of outcome based on the expression level of co-factor genes
and could allow customization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Dali-Youcef
- 1] Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France [2] Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U 964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sébastien Froelich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, avenue Molière, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - François-Marie Moussallieh
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CHU de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Salvatore Chibbaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, avenue Molière, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la porte de l'Hôpital 67065 Strasbourg, Cedex, France
| | - Izzie J Namer
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CHU de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U 964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- 1] Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U 964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France [2] Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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48
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The metabolic responses to hepatitis B virus infection shed new light on pathogenesis and targets for treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8421. [PMID: 25672227 PMCID: PMC4325332 DOI: 10.1038/srep08421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is strongly associated with hepatitis, fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we characterize the metabolic features of host cells infected with the virus using systems biological approach. The results show that HBV replication induces systematic metabolic alterations in host cells. HBV infection up-regulates the biosynthesis of hexosamine and phosphatidylcholine by activating glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1) and choline kinase alpha (CHKA) respectively, which were reported for the first time for HBV infection. Importantly suppressing hexosamine biosynthesis and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis can inhibit HBV replication and expression. In addition, HBV induces oxidative stress and stimulates central carbon metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Our results also indicate that HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma could be attributed to GFAT1 activated hexosamine biosynthesis and CHKA activated phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. This study provides further insights into the pathogenesis of HBV-induced diseases, and sheds new light on drug target for treating HBV infection.
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49
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Kumar M, Arlauckas SP, Saksena S, Verma G, Ittyerah R, Pickup S, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for detection of choline kinase inhibition in the treatment of brain tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:899-908. [PMID: 25657334 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal choline metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Increased choline is consistently observed in both preclinical tumor models and in human brain tumors by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Thus, inhibition of choline metabolism using specific choline kinase inhibitors such as MN58b may be a promising new strategy for treatment of brain tumors. We demonstrate the efficacy of MN58b in suppressing phosphocholine production in three brain tumor cell lines. In vivo MRS studies of rats with intracranial F98-derived brain tumors showed a significant decrease in tumor total choline concentration after treatment with MN58b. High-resolution MRS of tissue extracts confirmed that this decrease was due to a significant reduction in phosphocholine. Concomitantly, a significant increase in poly-unsaturated lipid resonances was also observed in treated tumors, indicating apoptotic cell death. MRI-based volume measurements demonstrated a significant growth arrest in the MN58b-treated tumors in comparison with saline-treated controls. Histologically, MN58b-treated tumors showed decreased cell density, as well as increased apoptotic cells. These results suggest that inhibition of choline kinase can be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors and that decreases in total choline observed by MRS can be used as an effective pharmacodynamic biomarker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sona Saksena
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranjit Ittyerah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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50
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Kucharzewska P, Christianson HC, Belting M. Global profiling of metabolic adaptation to hypoxic stress in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116740. [PMID: 25633823 PMCID: PMC4310608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenetic events and unique phenomena of the tumor microenvironment together induce adaptive metabolic responses that may offer new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets of cancer. Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, represents a well-established and universal feature of the tumor microenvironment and has been linked to increased tumor aggressiveness as well as resistance to conventional oncological treatments. Previous studies have provided important insights into hypoxia induced changes of the transcriptome and proteome; however, how this translates into changes at the metabolite level remains to be defined. Here, we have investigated dynamic, time-dependent effects of hypoxia on the cancer cell metabolome across all families of macromolecules, i.e., carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nucleic acid, in human glioblastoma cells. Using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS, 345 and 126 metabolites were identified and quantified in cells and corresponding media, respectively, at short (6 h), intermediate (24 h), and prolonged (48 h) incubation at normoxic or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. In conjunction, we performed gene array studies with hypoxic and normoxic cells following short and prolonged incubation. We found that levels of several key metabolites varied with the duration of hypoxic stress. In some cases, metabolic changes corresponded with hypoxic regulation of key pathways at the transcriptional level. Our results provide new insights into the metabolic response of glioblastoma cells to hypoxia, which should stimulate further work aimed at targeting cancer cell adaptive mechanisms to microenvironmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kucharzewska
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena C. Christianson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne Oncology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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