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Shpilman Z, Kidane D. Dysregulation of base excision repair factors associated with low tumor immunogenicity in head and neck cancer: implication for immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241248330. [PMID: 38680291 PMCID: PMC11047243 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241248330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by different exogenous risk factors including smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Base excision repair (BER) is the frontline to repair oxidative DNA damage, which is initiated by the DNA N-glycosylase proteins (OGG1) and other BER factors including DNA polymerase β (POLB). Objective Explore whether BER genes' (OGG1, POLB) overexpression in HNSCC alters genomic integrity, immunogenicity, and its role in prognostic value. Design RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical information (age, gender, histological grade, survival status, and stage) of 530 patients of HNSCC were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Patients' data are categorized HPV positive or negative to analyze the tumor data including the tumor stage, POLB, and OGG1 gene expression. Methods RNA-Seq of HNSCC data retrieved and mutation count and aneuploidy score were compared using an unpaired t-test. The TIMER algorithm was used to calculate the tumor abundance of six infiltrating immune cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells) based on RNA-Seq expression profile data. The correlation between the POLB, OGG1, and immune cells was calculated by Spearman correlation analysis using TIMER 2.0. Results Our data analysis reveals that BER genes frequently overexpressed in HNSCC tumors and increase mutation count. In addition, OGG1 and POLB overexpression are associated with low infiltration of immune cells, low immune checkpoint gene expression (PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, program death ligand 1, and program death ligand 2), and innate immune signaling genes. Furthermore, dysregulated BER factors in Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors had better overall survival. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that dysregulation of the BER genes panel might be a potential prognosis marker and/or an attractive target for an immune checkpoint blockade in HNSCC cancers. However, our observation still requires further experimental-based scientific validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary Shpilman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, Northwestern Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Andrabi SM, Sharma NS, Karan A, Shahriar SMS, Cordon B, Ma B, Xie J. Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303259. [PMID: 37632708 PMCID: PMC10602574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half-life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO-releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO-releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - S. M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Brent Cordon
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing FacilityMedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashington, DC2007USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
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3
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Inácio Â, Aguiar L, Rodrigues B, Pires P, Ferreira J, Matos A, Mendonça I, Rosa R, Bicho M, Medeiros R, Bicho MC. Genetic Modulation of HPV Infection and Cervical Lesions: Role of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1806. [PMID: 37891885 PMCID: PMC10604255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary but not sufficient factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in HPV infection and carcinogenesis. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the modulation of HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC through an exploration of oxidative stress-related genes: CβS, MTHFR, NOS3, ACE1, CYBA, HAP, ACP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and CYP1A1. Notably, the ACE1 gene emerges as a prominent factor with the presence of the I allele offering protection against HPV infection. The association of NOS3 with HPV infection is perceived with the 4a allele showing a protective effect. The presence of the GSTT1 null mutant correlates with increased susceptibility to HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC. This study also uncovers intriguing epistatic interactions among some of the genes that further accentuate their roles in disease modulation. Indeed, the epistatic interactions between the BB genotype (ACP1) and DD genotype (ECA1) were shown to increase the risk of HPV infection, and the interaction between BB (ACP1) and 0.0 (GSTT1) was associated with HPV infection and cervical lesions. These findings underscore the pivotal role of four oxidative stress-related genes in HPV-associated cervical lesions and cancer development, enriching our clinical understanding of the genetic influences on disease manifestation. The awareness of these genetic variations holds potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Inácio
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Aguiar
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pires
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Matos
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendonça
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Rosa
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Bicho
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Olivera C, Mosmann JP, Anna AN, Bettucci Ferrero GN, Paira DA, Ferreyra FN, Martinez MS, Motrich RD, Cuffini CG, Saka HA, Rivero VE. Expression of HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins alters Chlamydia trachomatis developmental cycle and induces increased levels of immune regulatory molecules. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1214017. [PMID: 37743859 PMCID: PMC10516566 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1214017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a recognized risk factor for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and vice versa. Coinfection of HPV and CT in women is a very common and usually asymptomatic finding that has been linked to increased risk of cervical cancer. It has been demonstrated that CT facilitates the entry of multiple high risk HPV genotypes, leading to damage of the mucosal barrier and interfering with immune responses and viral clearance, which ultimately favours viral persistence and malignant transformation. Although the facilitating effects elicited by CT infection on viral persistence have been reported, little is known about the consequences of HPV infection on CT development. Methods Herein, we took advantage of a genetically modified human cervical cell line co-expressing HPV-16 major oncogenic proteins E6 and E7, as an experimental model allowing to investigate the possible effects that HPV infection would have on CT development. Results and discussion Our results show that CT infection of HPV-16 E6E7 expressing cells induced an upregulation of the expression of E6E7 oncoproteins and host cell inhibitory molecules PD-L1, HVEM and CD160. Additionally, smaller chlamydial inclusions and reduced infectious progeny generation was observed in E6E7 cells. Ultrastructural analysis showed that expression of E6 and E7 did not alter total bacterial counts within inclusions but resulted in increased numbers of reticulate bodies (RB) and decreased production of infectious elementary bodies (EB). Our results indicate that during CT and HPV coinfection, E6 and E7 oncoproteins impair RB to EB transition and infectious progeny generation. On the other hand, higher expression of immune inhibitory molecules and HPV-16 E6E7 are cooperatively enhanced in CT-infected cells, which would favour both oncogenesis and immunosuppression. Our findings pose important implications for clinical management of patients with HPV and CT coinfection, suggesting that screening for the mutual infection could represent an opportunity to intervene and prevent severe reproductive health outcomes, such as cervical cancer and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jessica P. Mosmann
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ailen N. Anna
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria N. Bettucci Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Paira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando N. Ferreyra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María S. Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén D. Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia G. Cuffini
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor Alex Saka
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E. Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010866. [PMID: 36614308 PMCID: PMC9821648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of urological cancers. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in urothelial, prostatic, renal, testicular, and penile cancers, focusing on the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We also discuss how tumor-associated inflammatory tissue may be a diagnostic marker of clinically significant tumor progression risk and the target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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6
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Strategies of Pathogens to Escape from NO-Based Host Defense. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112176. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule present in most living organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. NO participates in a wide range of biological processes including vasomotor tone, neurotransmission, and immune response. However, NO is highly reactive and can give rise to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that, in turn, can modify a broad range of biomolecules. Much evidence supports the critical role of NO in the virulence and replication of viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi, thus representing a general mechanism of host defense. However, pathogens have developed different mechanisms to elude the host NO and to protect themselves against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Here, the strategies evolved by viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi to escape from the NO-based host defense are overviewed.
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7
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Liu T, Ma L, Song L, Yan B, Zhang S, Wang B, Zuo N, Sun X, Deng Y, Ren Q, Li Y, Zhou J, Liu Q, Wei L. CENPM upregulation by E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus promotes radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 129:105858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lactoferrin as a Human Genome “Guardian”—An Overall Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095248. [PMID: 35563638 PMCID: PMC9105968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural abnormalities causing DNA modifications of the ethene and propanoadducts can lead to mutations and permanent damage to human genetic material. Such changes may cause premature aging and cell degeneration and death as well as severe impairment of tissue and organ function. This may lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. In response to a damage, cells have developed defense mechanisms aimed at preventing disease and repairing damaged genetic material or diverting it into apoptosis. All of the mechanisms described above are part of the repertoire of action of Lactoferrin—an endogenous protein that contains iron in its structure, which gives it numerous antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer properties. The aim of the article is to synthetically present the new and innovative role of lactoferrin in the protection of human genetic material against internal and external damage, described by the modulation mechanisms of the cell cycle at all its levels and the mechanisms of its repair.
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Xiong H, Xi Y, Yuan Z, Wang B, Hu S, Fang C, Cai Y, Fu X, Li L. IFN-γ activates the tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway through the induction of DNA damage and cytosolic dsDNA formation. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2044103. [PMID: 35273829 PMCID: PMC8903773 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2044103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway activation predicts the effectiveness of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in lung cancer. Active IFN-γ signaling is a common feature in tumors that respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The connection between IFN-γ and STING signaling in cancer cells has not been documented. We showed that IFN-γ caused DNA damage and the accumulation of cytosolic dsDNA, leading to the activation of the cGAS- and IFI16-dependent STING pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. IFN-γ-induced iNOS expression and nitric oxide production were responsible for DNA damage and STING activation. Additional etoposide treatment enhanced IFN-γ-induced IFN-β and CCL5 expression. Tumor-infiltrating T cells stimulated with a combination of anti-CD3 and anti-PD-1 antibodies caused STING activation and increased IFN-β and CCL5 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. These effects were abrogated by the addition of an IFN-γ neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that the activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells could alter the tumor microenvironment via the IFN-γ-mediated activation of STING signaling in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Yuan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaojie Hu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Fang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Causes and Consequences of HPV Integration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164089. [PMID: 34439243 PMCID: PMC8394665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A constantly increasing incidence in high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)s driven head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC)s, especially of oropharyngeal origin, is being observed. During persistent infections, viral DNA integration into the host genome may occur. Studies are examining if the physical status of the virus (episomal vs. integration) affects carcinogenesis and eventually has further-reaching consequences on disease progression and outcome. Here, we review the literature of the most recent five years focusing on the impact of HPV integration in HNSCCs, covering aspects of detection techniques used (from PCR up to NGS approaches), integration loci identified, and associations with genomic and clinical data. The consequences of HPV integration in the human genome, including the methylation status and deregulation of genes involved in cell signaling pathways, immune evasion, and response to therapy, are also summarized.
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Hu Q, Shi J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Zhang Z. Progress and Prospects of Regulatory Functions Mediated by Nitric Oxide on Immunity and Immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine, Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
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12
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Garren MR, Ashcraft M, Qian Y, Douglass M, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Nitric oxide and viral infection: Recent developments in antiviral therapies and platforms. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2021; 22:100887. [PMID: 38620577 PMCID: PMC7718584 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter of great significance to developing the innate immune response to many bacterial and viral infections, while also modulating vascular physiology. The generation of NO from the upregulation of endogenous nitric oxide synthases serves as an efficacious method for inhibiting viral replication in host defense and warrants investigation for the development of antiviral therapeutics. With increased incidence of global pandemics concerning several respiratory-based viral infections, it is necessary to develop broad therapeutic platforms for inhibiting viral replication and enabling more efficient host clearance, as well as to fabricate new materials for deterring viral transmission from medical devices. Recent developments in creating stabilized NO donor compounds and their incorporation into macromolecular scaffolds and polymeric substrates has created a new paradigm for developing NO-based therapeutics for long-term NO release in applications for bactericidal and blood-contacting surfaces. Despite this abundance of research, there has been little consideration of NO-releasing scaffolds and substrates for reducing passive transmission of viral infections or for treating several respiratory viral infections. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in developing gaseous NO, NO prodrugs, and NO donor compounds for antiviral therapies; discuss the limitations of NO as an antiviral agent; and outline future prospects for guiding materials design of a next generation of NO-releasing antiviral platforms.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- AP1, activator protein 1
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
- GNSO, S-nitrosoglutathione
- H1N1, influenza A virus subtype H1N1
- HI, Host Immunology
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- I/R, pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion
- IC50, inhibitory concentration 50
- IFN, interferon
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase
- IRF-1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- Inhalation therapy
- Medical Terminology: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- Nitric Oxide and Related Compounds: eNOS/NOS 3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- Nitric oxide
- Other: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- P38-MAPK, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PCV2, porcine circovirus type 2
- PHT, pulmonary hypertension
- PKR, protein kinase R
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RNI, reactive nitrogen intermediate
- RSNO, S-nitrosothiol
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine
- STAT-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- Severe acute respiratory distress
- TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinases-1
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- VAP, ventilator associated pneumonia
- Viral infection
- Viruses: CVB3, coxsackievirus
- dsRNA, double stranded (viral) ribonucleic acid
- gNO, gaseous nitric oxide
- iNOS/NOS 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- mtALDH, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase
- nNOS/NOS 1, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Ashcraft
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yun Qian
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Lim Y, Tang KD, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Totsika M, Kenny L, Morrison M, Punyadeera C. Chemoradiation therapy changes oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cavity cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2021; 43:1521-1534. [PMID: 33527579 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are often seen with locoregionally advanced disease requiring complex multimodality treatments. These treatments may have detrimental effects on the oral microbiome, which is critical to maintaining physiological balance and health. METHODS The effects of different OCC and OPC treatment types on the oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles for 24-month post-treatment in patients with OCC and OPC were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. RESULTS Chemoradiation resulted in oral dysbiosis with specific depletion of genera which regulate the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. These data also correlate with the oral metabolomic profiles with nitric oxide-related precursor, modulator, or catalyst significantly downregulated in saliva samples from patients' postchemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS Together, we have shown that oral dysbiosis due to the effects of chemoradiation could potentially have an impact on OCC and OPC patient's quality of life post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kai Dun Tang
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- The Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- The Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- The School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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MEK/ERK signaling is a critical regulator of high-risk human papillomavirus oncogene expression revealing therapeutic targets for HPV-induced tumors. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009216. [PMID: 33481911 PMCID: PMC7857559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens have evolved to utilize normal cellular processes to complete their replicative cycles. Pathogens that interface with proliferative cell signaling pathways risk infections that can lead to cancers, but the factors that influence malignant outcomes are incompletely understood. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) predominantly cause benign hyperplasia in stratifying epithelial tissues. However, a subset of carcinogenic or “high-risk” HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes are etiologically linked to nearly 5% of all human cancers. Progression of hr-HPV-induced lesions to malignancies is characterized by increased expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes and the oncogenic functions of these viral proteins have been widely studied. Yet, the mechanisms that regulate hr-HPV oncogene transcription and suppress their expression in benign lesions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, influenced by epithelial contact inhibition and tissue differentiation cues, regulates hr-HPV oncogene expression. Using monolayer cells, epithelial organotypic tissue models, and neoplastic tissue biopsy materials, we show that cell-extrinsic activation of ERK overrides cellular control to promote HPV oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype. Our data suggest that HPVs are adapted to use the EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate their productive replicative cycles. Mechanistic studies show that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling influences AP-1 transcription factor activity and AP-1 factor knockdown reduces oncogene transcription. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of EGFR, MEK, and ERK signaling quash HPV oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype, revealing a potential clinical strategy to suppress uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduce oncogene expression and treat HPV neoplasia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections occur in differentiating squamous epithelium and induce hyperplasia during the viral replicative cycle. Although HPV oncogene expression is necessary to promote cellular proliferation for viral genome amplification in the middle epithelial layers, oncogene levels are thereafter suppressed to permit differentiation-induced late gene expression in the uppermost epithelial cells. Yet, the mechanisms responsible for controlling HPV oncogene expression are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, which is subject to the normal cellular cues of contact inhibition and epithelial tissue differentiation, is a critical regulator of hr-HPV oncogene expression. We found that extrinsic activation of ERK overrides cellular control to promote oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype. Many epidemiologically defined risk factors activate the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway, suggesting a common mechanism whereby they may promote HPV persistence and disease progression. Lastly, we show that HPV oncogene transcription and protein expression remain susceptible to MEK/ERK control in early neoplastic tissues and tumor cells and that targeted inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling might be exploited therapeutically for HPV-induced infections and tumors.
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15
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Ozbun MA, Bondu V, Patterson NA, Sterk RT, Waxman AG, Bennett EC, McKee R, Sharma A, Yarwood J, Rogers M, Eichenbaum G. Infectious titres of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in patient lesions, methodological considerations in evaluating HPV infectivity and implications for the efficacy of high-level disinfectants. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103165. [PMID: 33422988 PMCID: PMC7808919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications from a single research group have suggested that aldehyde-based high-level disinfectants (HLDs), such as ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), are not effective at inactivating HPVs and that therefore, patients may be at risk of HPV infection from medical devices. These results could have significant public health consequences and therefore necessitated evaluation of their reproducibility and clinical relevance. METHODS We developed methods and used standardised controls to: (1) quantify the infectious levels of clinically-sourced HPVs from patient lesions and compare them to laboratory-derived HPVs, (2) evaluate experimental factors that should be controlled to ensure consistent and reproducible infectivity measurements of different HPV genotypes, and (3) determine the efficacy of select HLDs. FINDINGS A novel focus forming unit (FFU) infectivity assay demonstrated that exfoliates from patient anogenital lesions and respiratory papillomas yielded infectious HPV burdens up to 2.7 × 103 FFU; therefore, using 2.2 × 102 to 1.0 × 104 FFU of laboratory-derived HPVs in disinfection assays provides a relevant range for clinical exposures. RNase and neutralising antibody sensitivities were used to ensure valid infectivity measures of tissue-derived and recombinant HPV preparations. HPV infectivity was demonstrated over a dynamic range of 4-5 log10; and disinfection with OPA and hypochlorite was achieved over 3 to >4 log10 with multiple genotypes of tissue-derived and recombinant HPV isolates. INTERPRETATION This work, along with a companion publication from an independent lab in this issue, address a major public health question by showing that HPVs are susceptible to HLDs. FUNDING Advanced Sterilization Products; US NIH (R01CA207368, U19AI084081, P30CA118100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Nicole A Patterson
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Rosa T Sterk
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Alan G Waxman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Erica C Bennett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Rohini McKee
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Jeremy Yarwood
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Marc Rogers
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Gary Eichenbaum
- Johnson & Johnson, Office of the Chief Medical Officer, 410 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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16
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Oxidative stress markers in patient-derived non-cancerous cervical tissues and cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19044. [PMID: 33149215 PMCID: PMC7642372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer. However, not all infected women develop cervical cancer. Cervical tumorigenesis is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, with oxidative stress (OS) likely playing a major role. In addition to exogenous sources, metabolic processes also contribute to OS. In principle, variability in levels of cervical OS has the potential to influence the likelihood of conversion to cervical cancer. To ask whether such variability indeed existed, we assessed the levels of ROS and the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-oxodG in normal non-cancerous cervical tissues and cells obtained from women with uterovaginal pelvic organ prolapse following vaginal hysterectomy. We demonstrated five and ten-fold variability between tissues isolated from the transformation zone (TZ) and ectocervix (EC) of different women, respectively. Despite the greater variability (likely due to differences in tissue composition), the overall pattern of ROS levels in EC tissues mirrored those obtained in their corresponding TZ tissues. Our results also show that the levels of ROS in TZ tissues were always higher than or equal to those found in the respective EC tissues, providing a possible explanation for TZ tissue being the primary target for HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Interestingly, primary keratinocytes isolated and cultured from these cervical specimens also displayed high variability in ROS levels, with some strongly mirroring the levels of ROS observed in their corresponding tissues, while others were less closely associated. Finally, we demonstrated that the levels of DNA damage mirrored the levels of ROS in the cultured primary cells. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that dispose certain individuals to develop cervical cancer has the potential to enable the development of approaches that make the conversion of HPV infection to cancer development even more rare.
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17
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Strycharz-Dudziak M, Fołtyn S, Dworzański J, Kiełczykowska M, Malm M, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Oropharyngeal Cancer Associated with EBV and HPV Coinfection. Viruses 2020; 12:E1008. [PMID: 32917014 PMCID: PMC7551554 DOI: 10.3390/v12091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have pointed to the link between persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis; however most of the studies concerning the role of viruses in head and neck cancer (HNC) are focused mainly on one type of virus. Our present study aimed to study the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus/human papilloma virus (EBV/HPV) coinfection and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in oropharyngeal cancer. Fresh-frozen tumor tissue samples were collected from 128 patients with oropharyngeal cancer infected with EBV or HPV or with EBV/HPV coinfection. After DNA extraction, EBV and HPV DNA was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. GPx and SOD activity was determined in homogenates of cancer tissue using diagnostic kits produced by Randox Laboratories. Both GPx and SOD activity was statistically lower in patients with EBV/HPV coinfection than in a single EBV or HPV infection. Analysis of GPx and SOD activity in relation to histological grading and tumor, node (TN) classification revealed that in poorly-differentiated tumors, the level of antioxidant enzymes was lower compared with well-differentiated lesions and in cases with greater tumor dimensions and lymph-node involvement, both GPx and SOD activity was decreased. Further studies are necessary to clarify the influence of interplay between EBV, HPV, and oxidative stress on malignant transformation of upper aerodigestive tract epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Strycharz-Dudziak
- Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fołtyn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Masovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Dworzański
- Department of Internal Diseases, Masovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | | | - Maria Malm
- Department of Information Technology and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Information Technology and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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18
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Tomao F, Santangelo G, Musacchio L, Di Donato V, Fischetti M, Giancotti A, Perniola G, Petrella MC, Monti M, Palaia I, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. Targeting cervical cancer: Is there a role for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5050-5058. [PMID: 31912897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer (CC) have a poor prognosis with limited palliative treatment options. Increasing understanding of the cellular aberrations inherent to cancer cells has allowed the development of therapies to target biological pathways, an important step toward the individualization of cancer therapy. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes is important in several DNA repair pathways. Drugs that inhibit these PARP enzymes have been investigated in many types of cancer and their application in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies has rapidly evolved. Although the majority of data for PARPi in gynecologic malignancies has been specifically regarding ovarian cancer, their role in the treatment of uterine and CC is currently being investigated. This review will examine PARP inhibitors in CC, summarizes the critical clinical trials of PARP inhibitors that have been completed, provides an overview of the on-going trials, presents the confirmed conclusions and notes the issues that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Santangelo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Musacchio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Fischetti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petrella
- AOUC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Reparto di Oncologia Medica, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Monti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
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19
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Banerjee NS, Moore DW, Wang HK, Broker TR, Chow LT. NVN1000, a novel nitric oxide-releasing compound, inhibits HPV-18 virus production by interfering with E6 and E7 oncoprotein functions. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104559. [PMID: 31319090 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Sanjib Banerjee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA.
| | - Dianne W Moore
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
| | - Hsu-Kun Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
| | - Thomas R Broker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
| | - Louise T Chow
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
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20
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Hung WC, Wu TF, Ng SC, Lee YC, Shen HP, Yang SF, Wang PH. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants in the aggressiveness of uterine cervical cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:2594-2600. [PMID: 31258766 PMCID: PMC6584934 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, few studies explore the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene variants in uterine cervical cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the clinical implication of eNOS in cervical carcinogenesis, clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. One hundred and seventeen patients with cervical invasive cancer and 95 with preinvasive lesions and 330 control women were consecutively enrolled. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the genotypic distributions of eNOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1799983 (894G>T) at the exon 7 region and rs2070744 (-786T>C) at the promoter region. Our results indicated no significant associations among genotypic distributions of eNOS SNPs and patients with cervical invasive cancer and those with preinvasive lesions as well as normal controls. However, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in eNOS SNP rs2070744 carried less risk of advanced stage [odds ratios (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09-0.97, p=0.036], parametrium invasion (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.02-0.75, p=0.009) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.01-0.89, p=0.016). In conclusion, although eNOS SNPs rs2070744 and rs1799983 do not display significant associations with cervical carcinogenesis and patient survival, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in rs2070744 carry less risk of advanced stage, parametrium invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Soo-Cheen Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Radiation Oncology Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pin Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Song L, Xie H, Tong F, Yan B, Zhang S, Fu E, Jing Q, Wei L. Association of lnc-IL17RA-11 with increased radiation sensitivity and improved prognosis of HPV-positive HNSCC. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17438-17448. [PMID: 31119798 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a far better prognosis than HPV negative HNSCC. Recent studies suggest that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) moieties may play a role in HPV associated differential HNSCC prognoses. In this study, we examined differential expression of lncRNAs in HPV+ vs HPV- HNSCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. LncRNAs were categorized based on expression level and survival analysis. A group of eight lncRNAs was identified in which altered expression was associated with both HPV infection and better prognosis. Subsequently, genes coexpressed with these lncRNAs in HNSCC cells were sorted into corresponding co-expression modules. The lnc-IL17RA-11 coexpression module exhibited the greatest correlation with HPV infection and radiotherapy efficacy. We identified the lnc-IL17RA-11 transcription factor ER-alpha as the most likely HPV infection associated factor promoting increased lnc-IL17RA-11 levels. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment among lnc-IL17RA-11 co-expressed genes for functions related to DNA replication and cell proliferation. These observations are consistent with a model in which HPV infection upregulates transcription factor ER-alpha, which increases levels of lnc-IL17RA-11 and coexpressed genes that promote HNSCC cell sensitivity to radiotherapy, thereby improving disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhao Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangjia Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingqing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Enhui Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingxu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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22
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Lu H, Gu X. MicroRNA-221 inhibits human papillomavirus 16 E1-E2 mediated DNA replication through activating SOCS1/Type I IFN signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1518-1528. [PMID: 31933969 PMCID: PMC6947112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection has led to clinical disorders and is considered one of the important causes of human cervical cancer. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in many viral infections through regulating the Type I IFN immune response. However, reports concerning the role of miRNAs in HPV 16 infection are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the potential functions of miRNAs in HPV 16 replication and reveal the detailed mechanism for regulating IFN immune response. Using microarray and qRT-PCR assays, microRNA-221 (miR-221) was found to be significantly up-regulated in the serum samples from patients with HPV 16 infection, as well as in HPV 16-positive cervical cancer cells. miR-221 overexpression inhibited, while miR-221 knockdown facilitated HPV 16 E1-E2 mediated DNA replication in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of miR-221 was associated with upregulation of IFN-α and IFN-β at mRNA and protein levels in infected cells. Conversely, IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA or protein expression was significantly downregulated during inhibition of miR-221. Subsequently, we demonstrated that upregulation of miR-221 promoted the expression of representative interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) such as myxovirus protein A (MxA), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) and murine IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). In contrast, miR-221 inhibition significantly decreased ISGs expression. Furthermore, we found that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a suppressor of interferon signaling pathway, was a direct target of miR-221 and overexpression of SOCS1 reversed the effects of miR-221 on the IFN-I response and HPV 16 E1-E2 mediated DNA replication. Collectively, the findings provide new evidence that miR-221 could inhibit HPV 16 E1-E2 mediated DNA replication through the SOCS1/Type I IFN signaling pathway suggesting it may be a novel anti-HPV therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikong Lu
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200050, China
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Mazurek AM, Rutkowski T, Śnietura M, Pigłowski W, Suwiński R, Składowski K. Detection of circulating HPV16 DNA as a biomarker in the blood of patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 41:632-641. [PMID: 30566259 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of biomarker analysis using the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methodology is a challenge for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. In this study, a comparison between the plasma and tumor tissue HPV16 DNA viral loads (VLs) has been presented. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for quantitating of HPV16 DNA in the plasma and tumor samples of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. RESULTS Among the tissues, HPV16-positive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, nonsmoking patients, displayed significantly higher HPV16 DNA VLs in their tissue. No smoking and advanced N disease were the most important predictors for cHPV16 DNA (circulating HPV16 DNA) detection. The cHPV16-positive women displayed significantly higher VLs in their tumor tissues compared to the men, although without notable impact on the blood detection. CONCLUSIONS Many factors were responsible for human papillomavirus DNA circulation in blood. As a result of the small size of the analyzed group, some observed discrepancies need to be proven on a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Mazurek
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Śnietura
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pigłowski
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał Suwiński
- II Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Nunes RAL, Morale MG, Silva GÁF, Villa LL, Termini L. Innate immunity and HPV: friends or foes. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e549s. [PMID: 30328949 PMCID: PMC6157093 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e549s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human papillomavirus infections are readily cleared by the host immune response. However, in some individuals, human papillomavirus can establish a persistent infection. The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer development. These viruses have developed mechanisms to evade the host immune system, which is an important step in persistence and, ultimately, in tumor development. Several cell types, receptors, transcription factors and inflammatory mediators involved in the antiviral immune response are viral targets and contribute to tumorigenesis. These targets include antigen-presenting cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa B and several cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukins, interferon and tumor necrosis factor. In the present review, we address both the main innate immune response mechanisms involved in HPV infection clearance and the viral strategies that promote viral persistence and may contribute to cancer development. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exploiting this knowledge to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Gabriela Ávila Fernandes Silva
- Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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25
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Prati B, Marangoni B, Boccardo E. Human papillomavirus and genome instability: from productive infection to cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e539s. [PMID: 30208168 PMCID: PMC6113919 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e539s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with high oncogenic risk human papillomavirus types is the etiological factor of cervical cancer and a major cause of other epithelial malignancies, including vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile and head and neck carcinomas. These agents affect epithelial homeostasis through the expression of specific proteins that deregulate important cellular signaling pathways to achieve efficient viral replication. Among the major targets of viral proteins are components of the DNA damage detection and repair machinery. The activation of many of these cellular factors is critical to process viral genome replication intermediates and, consequently, to sustain faithful viral progeny production. In addition to the important role of cellular DNA repair machinery in the infective human papillomavirus cycle, alterations in the expression and activity of many of its components are observed in human papillomavirus-related tumors. Several studies from different laboratories have reported the impact of the expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes, mainly E6 and E7, on proteins in almost all the main cellular DNA repair mechanisms. This has direct consequences on cellular transformation since it causes the accumulation of point mutations, insertions and deletions of short nucleotide stretches, as well as numerical and structural chromosomal alterations characteristic of tumor cells. On the other hand, it is clear that human papillomavirus-transformed cells depend on the preservation of a basal cellular DNA repair activity level to maintain tumor cell viability. In this review, we summarize the data concerning the effect of human papillomavirus infection on DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the potential of exploiting human papillomavirus-transformed cell dependency on DNA repair pathways as effective antitumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Prati
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Bruna Marangoni
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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26
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Liang H, Pan Z, Cai X, Wang W, Guo C, He J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Wang B, He J, Liang W. The association between human papillomavirus presence and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:397-403. [PMID: 30050777 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.03.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The etiology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in non-smoker patients remains largely unknown. It has been widely proved that human papillomavirus (HPV) participates in the development of various cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation patients represent a large portion of non-smokers with NSCLC. We performed this meta-analysis to determine whether HPV infection in NSCLC tissue is associated with EGFR mutations compared with HPV negative controls. Methods Online databases were searched up to June 30th 2017. We included studies in which HPV detection was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Random effects model was used in data synthesis and the relative effects were presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Finally, four eligible studies with a total of 498 patients from Asian countries were identified and included. The general EFGR mutation positive rate was 38.2% among all patients, and the HPV DNA detection rate (HPV subtype being involved: 16, 18, 33 and 58) was 35.3%. The presence of EGFR mutation was significantly higher in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative controls (52% vs. 31%; OR =2.41, 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.77; P=0.012), with moderate heterogeneity among studies (I2=59%; P=0.062). Conclusions Our results suggest that HPV infection is associated with EGFR mutations in NSCLC, at least in Asian populations. Further efforts should be made on exploring the potential mechanism and the prognostic character of HPV/EGFR positive NSCLC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhenkui Pan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chengye Guo
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuehan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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27
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Srinivas KP, Viji R, Dan VM, Sajitha IS, Prakash R, Rahul PV, Santhoshkumar TR, Lakshmi S, Pillai MR. DEPTOR promotes survival of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells and its silencing induces apoptosis through downregulating PI3K/AKT and by up-regulating p38 MAP kinase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24154-71. [PMID: 26992219 PMCID: PMC5029691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DEPTOR is an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR complexes, de-regulated in cancers. The present study reveals a vital role for DEPTOR in survival of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). DEPTOR was found to be overexpressed in both cervical SCC cells and tissues and it's silencing in cervical SCC cells induced apoptosis, mainly by up-regulation of p38 MAPK and by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway via a feed-back inhibition from mTORC1-S6K. DEPTOR silencing resulted in reduced expression of the nitric oxide synthases iNOS and eNOS, as well as increased activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. Activation of AKT signaling by overexpression of constitutively active-AKT (CA-AKT) failed to overcome the apoptosis caused by DEPTOR silencing. Similarly pharmacological inhibition of ERK also failed to control apoptosis. However pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK rescued the cells from apoptosis, indicating the major role of p38 MAPK in cell death induced by DEPTOR silencing. DEPTOR was also found to regulate ERK1/2 in an AKT dependent manner. DEPTOR knockdown induced cell death in SiHa cells overexpressing the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, indicating strong survival role of DEPTOR in these cells. DEPTOR overexpression activated PI3K/AKT by relieving the negative feed-back inhibition from mTORC1-S6K. DEPTOR regulation was also observed to be independent of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins, but it might be a molecular co-factor contributing to cervical carcinogenesis. In summary, DEPTOR is found to promote survival of cervical SCC cells and its reduction induced apoptosis via differential effects on PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK and can be a potential target in cervical SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remadevi Viji
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Vipin Mohan Dan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Indira Sukumaran Sajitha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Rajappan Prakash
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Puthan Valappil Rahul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Thankayyan R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Subhadra Lakshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram-695011, Kerala, India
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Relación entre la infección por el virus del papiloma humano y Chlamydia trachomatis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Su PH, Hsu YW, Huang RL, Weng YC, Wang HC, Chen YC, Tsai YJ, Yuan CC, Lai HC. Methylomics of nitroxidative stress on precancerous cells reveals DNA methylation alteration at the transition from in situ to invasive cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65281-65291. [PMID: 29029430 PMCID: PMC5630330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is important in cervical cancer development, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is sensitive to changes in microenvironmental factors, such as nitric oxide (NO) in the chronic inflammatory cervix. However, the epigenomic effects of NO in cancer have not been investigated. In this study, we explored the methylomic effects of nitroxidative stress in HPV-immortalized precancerous cells. Chronic NO exposure promoted the acquisition of malignant phenotypes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. Epigenetic analysis confirmed hypermethylation of PTPRR. Whole-genome methylation analysis showed BOLA2B, FGF8, HSPA6, LYPD2, and SHE were hypermethylated in cells. The hypermethylation BOLA2B, FGF8, HSPA6, and SHE was confirmed in cervical scrapings from invasive cancer, but not in CIN3/CIS, CIN2 and CIN1 (p=0.019, 0.023, 0.023 and 0.027 respectively), suggesting the role in the transition from in situ to invasive process. Our results reveal that nitroxidative stress causes epigenetic changes in HPV-infected cells. Investigation of these methylation changes in persistent HPV infection may help identify new biomarkers of DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening, especially for precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Su
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Weng
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Division of Research and Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
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Involvement of the Toll-Like Receptor/Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer Caused by High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28626766 PMCID: PMC5463171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7830262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways; however, whether the TLR/NO pathway is involved in cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) remains unclear. In this study, 43 HR-HPV-positive patients with cervical cancer (CC group), 39 HR-HPV-positive patients with a healthy cervix (HR-HPV group), and 33 HR-HPV-negative controls were recruited. NO concentration in cervical canal and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in cervical tissues were detected. Expressions of key TLR/NO pathway genes (TLR3/4/7/8, NF-κB p65, and iNOS) in cervical epithelial cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Expressions of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and iNOS in CaSki, HeLa, and C33a cells were determined by Western blot. NO concentration in cervical canal of CC group was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). Positive rates of iNOS in cervical tissues were 72.1%, 28.2%, and 3.1% in the CC group, HR-HPV group, and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). Levels of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, NF-κB p65, and iNOS in cervical epithelial cells were higher in CC group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and iNOS were higher in HPV-positive HeLa and CaSki cells than in HPV-negative C33a cells (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that TLR/NO signaling pathway may be involved in pathogenesis of cervical cancer caused by HR-HPV.
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a necessary cause of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and a subgroup of head and neck SCC, i.e., those originating in the oropharynx. The key events in high-risk HPV (HRHPV)-associated neoplastic progression include persistent infection, deregulated expression of virus early genes in basal epithelial cells, local immune suppression and the accumulation of chromosomal alterations. Evidence for these events particularly comes from studies of uterine cervical carcinogenesis; primary premalignant HRHPV-positive lesions of the head and neck mucosa are seldomly detected. Integration of virus DNA into host chromosomes is considered an important driver of carcinogenesis and observed in 40 up to 90 % of uterine cervical SCC (UCSCC) and oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), dependent on the integration detection method used and HRHPV type. In OPSCC, > 90 % HPV-positive tumors are infected with HPV16. Ten up to 60 % of HPV-positive tumors thus contain extrachromosomal (episomal) virus. In this chapter, causes and consequences of HPV integration are summarized from the literature, with special focus on the site of HPV integration in the cellular genome, and its effect on expression of viral oncogenes (particularly E6 and E7), on human (tumor) gene expression and on deregulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling pathways. Also data on DNA methylation, viral load and clinical outcome in relation to HPV integration are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Jan M Speel
- Unit Molecular Oncopathology & Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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NOS1 S-nitrosylates PTEN and inhibits autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17011. [PMID: 28243469 PMCID: PMC5317009 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular survival mechanism that involves the catabolic degradation of damaged proteins and organelles during periods of metabolic stress, and when overly stimulated, commonly contributes to cell death. Nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular messenger, participates in a complex mechanism which assists in controlling autophagy. However, the mechanism by which endogenous NO formed by distinct isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) helps to regulate autophagy in cancer cells remains unclear. Here we report that NOS1 reduces excessive levels of autophagy and promotes the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We found that inhibition of NOS1 increased cell death resulting from siRNA or the use of pharmacologic agents; and this effect was reversed by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine. The role of NOS1 in the autophagy process depended on the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling by S-nitrosylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) proteins. The mechanism by which NOS1 modifies PTEN protein might involve a direct interaction between these two molecules. Moreover, in an in vivo study, the NOS1 inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester activated AKT/mTOR signaling and promoted autophagy in xenograph tumors. Our studies demonstrated that NOS1 prevents excessive autophagy via S-nitrosylation of PTEN, and activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PTEN and the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway are promising targets for improving the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer.
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Kawanishi S, Ohnishi S, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Murata M. Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in infection-related carcinogenesis in relation to cancer stem cells. Genes Environ 2017; 38:26. [PMID: 28050219 PMCID: PMC5203929 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. The DNA damage can cause mutations and has been implicated in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. It has been estimated that various infectious agents are carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 1), including bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), viruses [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)] and parasites [Schistosoma haematobium (SH) and Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)]. H. pylori, HBV/HCV, HPV, EBV, SH and OV are important risk factors for gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, bladder cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. We demonstrated that 8-nitroguanine was strongly formed via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at these cancer sites of patients. Moreover, 8-nitroguanine was formed in Oct3/4-positive stem cells in SH-associated bladder cancer tissues, and in Oct3/4- and CD133-positive stem cells in OV-associated cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Therefore, it is considered that nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in stem cells may play a key role in infection-related carcinogenesis via chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Shiho Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
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Associations of Anogenital Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection With Cancer and Acquisition of HIV. Sex Transm Dis 2016; 42:541-4. [PMID: 26372925 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types are implicated in a range of clinical conditions and categorized as "low-risk" (LR) and "high-risk" (HR) types according to their degree of association with cervical cancers. The causative role of LR HPV infection in the development of anogenital warts and in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions is well established. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence that infection with LR HPV types may be associated with an elevated risk of cancers and potentiation of coinfections. Prospective and case-control studies consistently report a higher risk of anogenital cancers in men and women with a history of anogenital warts. Based on currently available evidence, this higher risk may be due to shared exposure to HR HPV types or an underlying immune impairment, rather than a direct role of LR HPV types in subsequent cancer risk. Data also suggest that infection with LR HPV, HR HPV, or both may increase the risk of HIV acquisition, although the relative contribution of different HPV types is not yet known. There is also evidence implicating HPV clearance, rather than HPV infection, in increased risk of HIV acquisition.
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis: Mechanism and Potential Role for PARP Inhibitors. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:763-9. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTreatment options for disease recurrence of women treated for locally advanced and advanced cervical cancer are very limited—largely palliative chemotherapy. The low efficacy of the currently available drugs raises the need for new targeted agents. Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a promising class of chemotherapeutic agents in cancers associated with defects in DNA repair. Their therapeutic potential in cervical cancer is currently being evaluated in 3 ongoing clinical trials. Here we review the available information regarding all the aspects of PARP in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer, from expression and the mechanism of action to the role of the polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as the potential of the inhibitors. We finally propose a new unifying theory regarding the role of PARPs in the development of cervical carcinomas.
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Vahora H, Khan MA, Alalami U, Hussain A. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Halting Cancer Progression Through Chemoprevention. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:1-12. [PMID: 27051643 PMCID: PMC4819660 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in general plays a beneficial physiological role as a vasorelaxant and the role of NO is decided by its concentration present in physiological environments. NO either facilitates cancer-promoting characters or act as an anti-cancer agent. The dilemma in this regard still remains unanswered. This review summarizes the recent information on NO and its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, as well as dietary chemopreventive agents which have NO-modulating properties with safe cytotoxic profile. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and cross-talk modulating NO effect by these chemopreventive agents can allow us to develop better therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa Vahora
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Vahora H, Khan MA, Alalami U, Hussain A. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Halting Cancer Progression Through Chemoprevention. J Cancer Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.1\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa Vahora
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Chen Wongworawat Y, Filippova M, Williams VM, Filippov V, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Chronic oxidative stress increases the integration frequency of foreign DNA and human papillomavirus 16 in human keratinocytes. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:764-80. [PMID: 27186429 PMCID: PMC4859882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Nearly all of these cases are caused by high-risk HPVs (HR HPVs), of which HPV16 is the most prevalent type. In most cervical cancer specimens, HR HPVs are found integrated into the human genome, indicating that integration is a key event in cervical tumor development. An understanding of the mechanisms that promote integration may therefore represent a unique opportunity to intercept carcinogenesis. To begin identifying these mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that chronic oxidative stress (OS) induced by virus- and environmentallymediated factors can induce DNA damage, and thereby increase the frequency with which HPV integrates into the host genome. We found that virus-mediated factors are likely involved, as expression of E6*, a splice isoform of HPV16 E6, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caused oxidative DNA damage, and increased the frequency of plasmid DNA integration as assessed by colony formation assays. To assess the influence of environmentally induced chronic OS, we used L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to lower the level of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione. Similar to our observations with E6*, glutathione depletion by BSO also increased ROS levels, caused oxidative DNA damage and increased the integration frequency of plasmid DNA. Finally, under conditions of chronic OS, we were able to induce and characterize a few independent events in which episomal HPV16 integrated into the host genome of cervical keratinocytes. Our results support a chain of events leading from induction of oxidative stress, to DNA damage, to viral integration, and ultimately to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Wongworawat
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Vonetta M Williams
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Sowjanya AP, Rao M, Vedantham H, Kalpana B, Poli UR, Marks MA, Sujatha M. Correlation of plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and inducible nitric oxide gene expression among women with cervical abnormalities and cancer. Nitric Oxide 2015; 52:21-8. [PMID: 26435258 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a soluble factor involved in chronic inflammation, may modulate cervical cancer risk among HPV infected women. The aim of the study was to measure and correlate plasma nitrite/nitrate levels with tissue specific expression of iNOS mRNA among women with different grades of cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Tissue biopsy and plasma specimens were collected from 120 women with cervical neoplasia or cancer (ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL and invasive cancer) and 35 women without cervical abnormalities. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA from biopsy and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels of the same study subjects were measured. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on the promoter region and Ser608Leu (rs2297518) in exon 16 of the iNOS gene. Differences in iNOS gene expression and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were compared across disease stage using linear and logistic regression analysis. Compared to normal controls, women diagnosed with HSIL or invasive cancer had a significantly higher concentration of plasma nitrite/nitrate and a higher median fold-change in iNOS mRNA gene expression. Genotyping of the promoter region showed three different variations: A pentanucleotide repeat (CCTTT) n, -1026T > G (rs2779249) and a novel variant -1153T > A. These variants were associated with increased levels of plasma nitrite/nitrate across all disease stages. The higher expression of iNOS mRNA and plasma nitrite/nitrate among women with pre-cancerous lesions suggests a role for nitric oxide in the natural history of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavani Sowjanya
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Telangana State, India.
| | - Meera Rao
- Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
| | - Haripriya Vedantham
- Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 501401 Telangana State, India.
| | - Basany Kalpana
- Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 501401 Telangana State, India.
| | - Usha Rani Poli
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Lakdikapool, Hyderabad, 500004 Telangana State, India.
| | | | - M Sujatha
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Telangana State, India.
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Bourouba M, Zergoun AA, Maffei JS, Chila D, Djennaoui D, Asselah F, Amir-Tidadini ZC, Touil-Boukoffa C, Zaman MH. TNFα antagonization alters NOS2 dependent nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor growth. Cytokine 2015; 74:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Re-expression of HPV16 E2 in SiHa (human cervical cancer) cells potentiates NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α concurrently increasing senescence and survival. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20140160. [PMID: 25572145 PMCID: PMC4340273 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-expression of E2 in human papillomavirus (HPV) transformed tumour cells can induce apoptosis; however, some evidences also attribute an important role to E2 in sustaining tumorigenesis. In the present paper, we studied the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells) activation on E2-induced senescence in HPV16-integrated SiHa cells. The results show that E2 inhibits endogenous E6 gene expression and sensitizes SiHa cells to TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Under this condition there was an increase in the expression of senescent proteins p53, p21, p27 and p16 and senescence-associated (SA)-β-galactosidase activity indicating that TNF-α augments E2-mediated senescence. Re-expression of E2 expression with TNF-α treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein and other pro-survival genes like cyclin D1 (cyc D1), survivin and hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase). Concomitantly, E2 + TNF-α combination increased the survival of SiHa cells by positive changes in viability, proliferation and colony formation. E2-induced apoptotic tendency shifted towards senescence in presence of TNF-α by arresting the cells at both G0/G1 and G2/M phases, thus enhancing cell survival. Another observation in the present study is the significant up-regulation of key senescence messaging factors regulated by NF-κB namely interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, high-mobility group protein A (HMGA)1 and B (HMGB)1 in E2-transfected cells treated with TNF-α. Our data provide a mechanistic basis and a new insight for the role of TNF-α and E2 in linking cellular senescence, tumorigenesis and HPV re-infection. Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E2 potentiates NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells) activation induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in SiHa (human cervical cancer) cells and significantly influences cell viability, apoptosis and expression of pro-survival genes regulated by NF-κB.
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Fionda C, Abruzzese MP, Zingoni A, Soriani A, Ricci B, Molfetta R, Paolini R, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. Nitric oxide donors increase PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression in multiple myeloma cells: role of DNA damage response activation. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25609078 PMCID: PMC4311457 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) is an activating receptor constitutively expressed by macrophages/dendritic cells and by T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells, having an important role in anticancer responses; in this regard, combination therapies able to enhance the expression of DNAM-1 ligands on tumor cells are of therapeutic interest. In this study, we investigated the effect of different nitric oxide (NO) donors on the expression of the DNAM-1 ligand Poliovirus Receptor/CD155 (PVR/CD155) in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods Six MM cell lines, SKO-007(J3), U266, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, ARK and LP1 were used to investigate the activity of different nitric oxide donors [DETA-NO and the NO-releasing prodrugs NCX4040 (NO-aspirin) and JS-K] on the expression of PVR/CD155, using Flow Cytometry and Real-Time PCR. Western-blot and specific inhibitors were employed to investigate the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP and activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). Results Our results indicate that increased levels of nitric oxide can upregulate PVR/CD155 cell surface and mRNA expression in MM cells; in addition, exposure to nitric oxide donors renders myeloma cells more efficient to activate NK cell degranulation and enhances their ability to trigger NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We found that activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase and increased cGMP concentrations by nitric oxide is not involved in the up-regulation of ligand expression. On the contrary, treatment of MM cells with nitric oxide donors correlated with the activation of a DNA damage response pathway and inhibition of the ATM /ATR/Chk1/2 kinase activities by specific inhibitors significantly abrogates up-regulation. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that regulation of the PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression by nitric oxide may represent an additional immune-mediated mechanism and supports the anti-myeloma activity of nitric oxide donors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1023-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Chen Y, Williams V, Filippova M, Filippov V, Duerksen-Hughes P. Viral carcinogenesis: factors inducing DNA damage and virus integration. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2155-86. [PMID: 25340830 PMCID: PMC4276961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the causative agents of 10%-15% of human cancers worldwide. The most common outcome for virus-induced reprogramming is genomic instability, including accumulation of mutations, aberrations and DNA damage. Although each virus has its own specific mechanism for promoting carcinogenesis, the majority of DNA oncogenic viruses encode oncogenes that transform infected cells, frequently by targeting p53 and pRB. In addition, integration of viral DNA into the human genome can also play an important role in promoting tumor development for several viruses, including HBV and HPV. Because viral integration requires the breakage of both the viral and the host DNA, the integration rate is believed to be linked to the levels of DNA damage. DNA damage can be caused by both endogenous and exogenous factors, including inflammation induced by either the virus itself or by co-infections with other agents, environmental agents and other factors. Typically, cancer develops years to decades following the initial infection. A better understanding of virus-mediated carcinogenesis, the networking of pathways involved in transformation and the relevant risk factors, particularly in those cases where tumorigenesis proceeds by way of virus integration, will help to suggest prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of virus-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Wei L, Griego AM, Chu M, Ozbun MA. Tobacco exposure results in increased E6 and E7 oncogene expression, DNA damage and mutation rates in cells maintaining episomal human papillomavirus 16 genomes. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2373-81. [PMID: 25064354 PMCID: PMC4178472 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections are necessary but insufficient agents of cervical and other epithelial cancers. Epidemiological studies support a causal, but ill-defined, relationship between tobacco smoking and cervical malignancies. In this study, we used mainstream tobacco smoke condensate (MSTS-C) treatments of cervical cell lines that maintain either episomal or integrated HPV16 or HPV31 genomes to model tobacco smoke exposure to the cervical epithelium of the smoker. MSTS-C exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in viral genome replication and correspondingly higher early gene transcription in cells with episomal HPV genomes. However, MSTS-C exposure in cells with integrated HR-HPV genomes had no effect on genome copy number or early gene transcription. In cells with episomal HPV genomes, the MSTS-C-induced increases in E6 oncogene transcription led to decreased p53 protein levels and activity. As expected from loss of p53 activity in tobacco-exposed cells, DNA strand breaks were significantly higher but apoptosis was minimal compared with cells containing integrated viral genomes. Furthermore, DNA mutation frequencies were higher in surviving cells with HPV episomes. These findings provide increased understanding of tobacco smoke exposure risk in HPV infection and indicate tobacco smoking acts more directly to alter HR-HPV oncogene expression in cells that maintain episomal viral genomes. This suggests a more prominent role for tobacco smoke in earlier stages of HPV-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and
| | - Anastacia M Griego
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and
| | - Ming Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Michelle A Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and
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He J, Ji Y, Li A, Zhang Q, Song W, Li Y, Huang H, Qian J, Zhai A, Yu X, Zhao J, Shang Q, Wei L, Zhang F. MiR-122 directly inhibits human papillomavirus E6 gene and enhances interferon signaling through blocking suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in SiHa cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108410. [PMID: 25265013 PMCID: PMC4180754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is considered as one of the significant causes of human cervical cancer. The expression of the viral oncogenes like E6 and E7 play an important role in the development of the cancer. MiR-122 has been reported to exhibit a strong relationship with hepatitis viruses and take part in several tumor development, while the effects of miR-122 on HPV infection and the HPV viral oncogenes expression still remain unexplored. In this study, using RNAhybrid software, the potential binding sites between miR-122 and HPV16 E6 and E7 mRNAs were identified. Over and loss of miR-122 function showed that miR-122 could directly bind with HPV16 E6 mRNA and significantly inhibit its expression in SiHa cells, which was further confirmed by constructing the miR-122-E6-mu to eliminate the miR-122 binding effects with E6. The increase of the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and its classical effective molecules and the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) protein indicated that miR-122 might enhance type I interferon in cervical carcinoma cells, which explained the significant reduction of HPV16 E7 and E6*I mRNA expression. This might be due to the binding between miR-122 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) mRNA, which is the suppressor of interferon signaling pathway. Moreover, it was identified that the miR-122 binding position was nt359-nt375 in SOCS1 mRNA. Taken together, this study indicated that HPV16 could be effectively inhibited by miR-122 through both direct binding with E6 mRNA and promoting SOCS1-dependent IFN signaling pathway. Thus, miR-122 may serve as a new therapeutic option for inhibiting HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming He
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- IBP-UC Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Ji
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aimei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingmeng Zhang
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wuqi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yujun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Instructions, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Instructions, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinglong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Instructions, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (FZ)
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Instructions, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (FZ)
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Abstract
UNLABELLED High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the causative agents of virtually all cases of cervical cancer and a significant proportion of other anogenital cancers, as well as both oral and pharyngeal cancers. The high-risk types encode two viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, which work together to initiate cell transformation. Multiple steps involving the activities and interactions of both viral and cellular proteins are involved in the progression from HPV infection to cell transformation to cancer. The E6 oncoprotein is expressed as several isoforms: a full-length variant referred to as E6 and a few shorter isoforms collectively referred to as E6*. In this study, we found that expression of E6* increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cells. This increased oxidative stress led to higher levels of DNA damage, as assessed by the comet assay, quantification of 8-oxoguanine, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. The observed increase in ROS may be due to a decrease in cellular antioxidant activity, as we found that E6* expression also led to decreased expression of superoxide dismutase isoform 2 and glutathione peroxidase. These studies indicate that E6* may play an important role in virus-induced mutagenesis by increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage. IMPORTANCE Our findings demonstrate for the first time that an HPV gene product, E6*, can increase ROS levels in host cells. This ability may play a significant role both in the viral life cycle and in cancer development, because an increase in oxidative DNA damage may both facilitate HPV genome amplification and increase the probability of HPV16 DNA integration. Integration, in turn, is thought to be an important step in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Tung MC, Wu HH, Cheng YW, Wang L, Chen CY, Yeh SD, Wu TC, Lee H. Association of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations with human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 oncoprotein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2013; 119:3367-76. [PMID: 23797467 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancers in women, in nonsmokers, and in patients with adenocarcinoma from Asia have more prevalent mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene than their counterparts. However, the etiology of EGFR mutations in this population remains unclear. The authors hypothesized that the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18 (HPV16/18) E6 oncoprotein may contribute to EGFR mutations in Taiwanese patients with lung cancer. METHODS One hundred fifty-one tumors from patients with lung cancer were enrolled to determine HPV16/18 E6 and EGFR mutations using immunohistochemistry and direct sequencing, respectively. Levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in lung tumors and cells were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. An supF mutagenesis assay was used to determine H2 O2 -induced mutation rates of lung cancer cells with or without E6 expression. RESULTS Patients with E6-positive tumors had a greater frequency of EGFR mutations than those with E6-negative tumors (41% vs 20%; P = .006). Levels of 8-oxo-dG were correlated with EGFR mutations (36% vs 16%; P = .012). Two stable clones of E6-overexpressing H157 and CL-3 cells were established for the supF mutagenesis assay. The data indicated that the cells with high E6 overexpression had higher H2 O2 -induced SupF gene mutation rates compared with the cells that expressed lower levels of E6 and compared with vector control cells. CONCLUSIONS HPV16/18 E6 may contribute in part to EGFR mutations in lung cancer, at least in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tung' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Korde Choudhari S, Chaudhary M, Bagde S, Gadbail AR, Joshi V. Nitric oxide and cancer: a review. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:118. [PMID: 23718886 PMCID: PMC3669621 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), is a ubiquitous, water soluble, free radical gas, which plays key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes. Over past decades, NO has emerged as a molecule of interest in carcinogenesis and tumor growth progression. However, there is considerable controversy and confusion in understanding its role in cancer biology. It is said to have both tumoricidal as well as tumor promoting effects which depend on its timing, location, and concentration. NO has been suggested to modulate different cancer-related events including angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. On the other hand, it is also emerging as a potential anti-oncogenic agent. Strategies for manipulating in vivo production and exogenous delivery of this molecule for therapeutic gain are being investigated. However, further validation and experimental/clinical trials are required for development of novel strategies based on NO for cancer treatment and prevention. This review discusses the range of actions of NO in cancer by performing an online MEDLINE search using relevant search terms and a review of the literature. Various mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers such as breast, cervical, gastric,colorectal, and head and neck cancers are addressed. It also offers an insight into the dichotomous nature of NO and discusses its novel therapeutic applications for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Korde Choudhari
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS, Sawangi(M), Wardha, Maharashatra, 442 004, India
| | - Sachin Bagde
- Department of Oral Surgery, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS, Sawangi(M), Wardha, Maharashatra, 442 004, India
| | - Vaishali Joshi
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
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Rahkola-Soisalo P, Mikkola TS, Vuorento S, Ylikorkala O, Väisänen-Tommiska M. Smoking is accompanied by a suppressed cervical nitric oxide release in women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:711-5. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Rahkola-Soisalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Tomi S. Mikkola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Saara Vuorento
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Olavi Ylikorkala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Mervi Väisänen-Tommiska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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Bernstein C, Nfonsam V, Prasad AR, Bernstein H. Epigenetic field defects in progression to cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 5:43-49. [PMID: 23671730 PMCID: PMC3648662 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v5.i3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A field defect is a field of pre-malignant tissue in which a new cancer is likely to arise. Field defects often appear to be histologically normal under the microscope. Recent research indicates that cells within a field defect characteristically have an increased frequency of epigenetic alterations and these may be fundamentally important as underlying factors in progression to cancer. However, understanding of epigenetic field defects is at an early stage, and the work of Katsurano et al published this year, is a key contribution to this field. One question examined by Katsurano et al was how early could the formation of an epigenetic field defect be detected in a mouse colitis model of tumorigenesis. They highlighted a number of measurable epigenetic alterations, detected very early in normal appearing tissue undergoing histologically invisible tumorigenesis. They also documented the increasing presence of the epigenetic alterations at successive times during progression to cancer. In this commentary, we offer a perspective on the changes they observed within a broader sequence of epigenetic events that occur in progression to cancer. In particular, we highlight the likely central role of epigenetic deficiencies in DNA repair gene expression that arise during progression to cancer.
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