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Chen S, Xu Y, Zhuo W, Zhang L. The emerging role of lactate in tumor microenvironment and its clinical relevance. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216837. [PMID: 38548215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the significant impact of lactate in the tumor microenvironment has been greatly documented. Acting not only as an energy substance in tumor metabolism, lactate is also an imperative signaling molecule. It plays key roles in metabolic remodeling, protein lactylation, immunosuppression, drug resistance, epigenetics and tumor metastasis, which has a tight relation with cancer patients' poor prognosis. This review illustrates the roles lactate plays in different aspects of tumor progression and drug resistance. From the comprehensive effects that lactate has on tumor metabolism and tumor immunity, the therapeutic targets related to it are expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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3
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Hatay GH, Ozturk-Isik E. Optimized multi-voxel TE-averaged PRESS for glutamate detection in the human brain at 3T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 356:107574. [PMID: 37922677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize possible combinations of echo times (TE) for multi-voxel TE-averaged Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) while reducing the total number of TEs required to separate glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) within a clinically feasible scan time. METHODS General Approach to Magnetic resonance Mathematical Analysis (GAMMA) was used to implement 2D J-resolved PRESS technique, and the spectra of 14 individual brain metabolites were simulated at 64 different TEs. Monte Carlo simulations were used for selecting the best TE combinations to separate Glu and Gln using TE-averaged PRESS with a total number of two, three, four and five TEs. Single-voxel 1H-MRS data were acquired using 64 different TEs from a healthy volunteer on a clinical 3T MR scanner to validate the echo time combinations selected with simulations. Additionally, 2D 1H-MRSI data of eight healthy volunteers were acquired on a clinical 3T MR scanner using four different TEs that were determined by Monte Carlo simulations. Optimized TE-averaged PRESS spectra were created by averaging the spectra acquired at selected TEs. LCModel was used for spectral quantification. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to detect statistically significant differences in Glu/Gln ratios between 35 ms PRESS and optimized TE-averaged PRESS data. RESULTS Glu could be clearly separated from Gln at 2.35 ppm, using optimized TE-averaged PRESS with only four TEs (35, 37, 40, and 42 ms) that were selected through Monte Carlo simulations. Glu/Gln ratios were significantly higher in the optimized TE-averaged PRESS data of healthy volunteers than in the 35 ms PRESS data (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Optimized multi-voxel TE-averaged PRESS enabled faster and unobstructed quantification of Glu at multiple voxels in the human brain in vivo at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Hale Hatay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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4
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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5
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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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Cagnin S, Knedlik T, Vianello C, Magalhães Rebelo AP, De Mario A, Giacomello M. Comparison among Neuroblastoma Stages Suggests the Involvement of Mitochondria in Tumor Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020596. [PMID: 36831133 PMCID: PMC9953471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor of early childhood and accounts for 15% of all pediatric cancer mortalities. However, the precise pathways and genes underlying its progression are unknown. Therefore, we performed a differential gene expression analysis of neuroblastoma stage 1 and stage 4 + 4S to discover biological processes associated with NB progression. From this preliminary analysis, we found that NB samples (stage 4 + 4S) are characterized by altered expression of some proteins involved in mitochondria function and mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS). Although further analyses remain necessary, this review may provide new hints to better understand NB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that MERCS alterations could be involved in the progression of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Tomas Knedlik
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
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King BMN, Mintz S, Lin X, Morley GE, Schlamp F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Fishman GI. Chronic Kidney Disease Induces Proarrhythmic Remodeling. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e011466. [PMID: 36595632 PMCID: PMC9852080 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.011466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death; however, the basis for this association is incompletely known. METHODS Here, using murine models of CKD, we examined interactions between kidney disease progression and structural, electrophysiological, and molecular cardiac remodeling. RESULTS C57BL/6 mice with adenine supplemented in their diet developed progressive CKD. Electrocardiographically, CKD mice developed significant QT prolongation and episodes of bradycardia. Optical mapping of isolated-perfused hearts using voltage-sensitive dyes revealed significant prolongation of action potential duration with no change in epicardial conduction velocity. Patch-clamp studies of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed changes in sodium and potassium currents consistent with action potential duration prolongation. Global transcriptional profiling identified dysregulated expression of cellular stress response proteins RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3) and CIRP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein) that may underlay the ion channel remodeling. Unexpectedly, we found that female sex is a protective factor in the progression of CKD and its cardiac sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insights into the association between CKD and pathologic proarrhythmic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac cellular stress response pathways represent potential targets for pharmacologic intervention for CKD-induced heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M N King
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shana Mintz
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gregory E Morley
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Florencia Schlamp
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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The BET Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Decreases Hypoxia and Improves the Therapeutic Benefit of Anti-PD-1 in a High-Risk Neuroblastoma Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182783. [PMID: 36139358 PMCID: PMC9497090 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a revolutionary treatment for many cancers. The response to anti-PD-1 relies on several properties of tumor and immune cells, including the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1. Despite the impressive clinical benefit achieved with anti-PD-1 in several cancers in adults, the use of this therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma remains modest. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 in combination with JQ1 in a highly relevant TH-MYCN neuroblastoma transgenic mouse model. JQ1 is a small molecule inhibitor of the extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomain proteins, competitively binding to bromodomains. Using several neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro, we showed that JQ1 inhibited hypoxia-dependent induction of HIF-1α and decreased the expression of the well-known HIF-1α downstream target gene CA9. Using MRI relaxometry performed on TH-MYCN tumor-bearing mice, we showed that JQ1 decreases R2* in tumors, a parameter associated with intra-tumor hypoxia in pre-clinical settings. Decreasing hypoxia by JQ1 was associated with improved blood vessel quality and integrity, as revealed by CD31 and αSMA staining on tumor sections. By analyzing the immune landscape of TH-MYCN tumors in mice, we found that JQ1 had no major impact on infiltrating immune cells into the tumor microenvironment but significantly increased the percentage of CD8+ PD-1+, conventional CD4+ PD-1+, and Treg PD-1+ cells. While anti-PD-1 monotherapy did not affect TH-MYCN tumor growth, we showed that combinatorial therapy associating JQ1 significantly decreased the tumor volume and improved the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1. This study provided the pre-clinical proof of concept needed to establish a new combination immunotherapy approach that may create tremendous enthusiasm for treating high-risk childhood neuroblastoma.
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MYCN and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174113. [PMID: 36077650 PMCID: PMC9455056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Aberrant MYCN activation, as a result of genomic MYCN amplification, is a major driver of high-risk neuroblastoma, which has an overall survival rate of less than 50%, despite the best treatments currently available. Metabolic reprogramming is an integral part of the growth-promoting program driven by MYCN, which fuels cell growth and proliferation by increasing the uptake and catabolism of nutrients, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy. This reprogramming process also generates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapy. In this review, we present our current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma, focusing on transcriptional regulation as a key mechanism in driving the reprogramming process. We also highlight some important areas that need to be explored for the successful development of metabolism-based therapy against high-risk neuroblastoma.
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10
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Malvi P, Rawat V, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. Transcriptional, chromatin, and metabolic landscapes of LDHA inhibitor-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926437. [PMID: 35982980 PMCID: PMC9378957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, due in part to the overexpression of metabolic enzymes, is a key hallmark of cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA), a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate, is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Furthermore, the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of LDHA suppresses cancer growth, demonstrating a cancer-promoting role for this enzyme. Therefore, several pharmacological LDHA inhibitors are being developed and tested as potential anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Because cancer cells are known to rapidly adapt and become resistant to anti-cancer therapies, in this study, we modeled the adaptation of cancer cells to LDHA inhibition. Using PDAC as a model system, we studied the molecular aspects of cells resistant to the competitive LDHA inhibitor sodium oxamate. We performed unbiased RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), and metabolomics analyses of parental and oxamate-resistant PDAC cells treated with and without oxamate to identify the transcriptional, chromatin, and metabolic landscapes of these cells. We found that oxamate-resistant PDAC cells were significantly different from parental cells at the levels of mRNA expression, chromatin accessibility, and metabolites. Additionally, an integrative analysis combining the RNA-seq and ATAC-seq datasets identified a subset of differentially expressed mRNAs that directly correlated with changes in chromatin accessibility. Finally, functional analysis of differentially expressed metabolic genes in parental and oxamate-resistant PDAC cells treated with and without oxamate, together with an integrative analysis of RNA-seq and metabolomics data, revealed changes in metabolic enzymes that might explain the changes in metabolite levels observed in these cells. Collectively, these studies identify the transcriptional, chromatin, and metabolic landscapes of LDHA inhibitor resistance in PDAC cells. Future functional studies related to these changes remain necessary to reveal the direct roles played by these changes in the development of LDHA inhibitor resistance and uncover approaches for more effective use of LDHA inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vipin Rawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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11
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Tao L, Mohammad MA, Milazzo G, Moreno-Smith M, Patel TD, Zorman B, Badachhape A, Hernandez BE, Wolf AB, Zeng Z, Foster JH, Aloisi S, Sumazin P, Zu Y, Hicks J, Ghaghada KB, Putluri N, Perini G, Coarfa C, Barbieri E. MYCN-driven fatty acid uptake is a metabolic vulnerability in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3728. [PMID: 35764645 PMCID: PMC9240069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer arising from sympatho-adrenal neural crest cells. MYCN amplification is found in half of high-risk NB patients; however, no available therapies directly target MYCN. Using multi-dimensional metabolic profiling in MYCN expression systems and primary patient tumors, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic landscape driven by MYCN in NB. MYCN amplification leads to glycerolipid accumulation by promoting fatty acid (FA) uptake and biosynthesis. We found that cells expressing amplified MYCN depend highly on FA uptake for survival. Mechanistically, MYCN directly upregulates FA transport protein 2 (FATP2), encoded by SLC27A2. Genetic depletion of SLC27A2 impairs NB survival, and pharmacological SLC27A2 inhibition selectively suppresses tumor growth, prolongs animal survival, and exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects when combined with conventional chemotherapies in multiple preclinical NB models. This study identifies FA uptake as a critical metabolic dependency for MYCN-amplified tumors. Inhibiting FA uptake is an effective approach for improving current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Myrthala Moreno-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tajhal D Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Badachhape
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Blanca E Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amber B Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zihua Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer H Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sara Aloisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Garcia-Gerique L, García M, Garrido-Garcia A, Gómez-González S, Torrebadell M, Prada E, Pascual-Pasto G, Muñoz O, Perez-Jaume S, Lemos I, Salvador N, Vila-Ubach M, Doncel-Requena A, Suñol M, Carcaboso AM, Mora J, Lavarino C. MIF/CXCR4 signaling axis contributes to survival, invasion, and drug resistance of metastatic neuroblastoma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:669. [PMID: 35715791 PMCID: PMC9206243 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of dissemination in patients with aggressive, metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressive behavior of NB cells in the BM niche are still greatly unknown. In the present study, we explored biological mechanisms that play a critical role in NB cell survival and progression in the BM and investigated potential therapeutic targets. METHODS Patient-derived bone marrow (BM) primary cultures were generated using fresh BM aspirates obtained from NB patients. NB cell lines were cultured in the presence of BM conditioned media containing cell-secreted factors, and under low oxygen levels (1% O2) to mimic specific features of the BM microenvironment of high-risk NB patients. The BM niche was explored using cytokine profiling assays, cell migration-invasion and viability assays, flow cytometry and analysis of RNA-sequencing data. Selective pharmacological inhibition of factors identified as potential mediators of NB progression within the BM niche was performed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a key inflammatory cytokine involved in BM infiltration. Cytokine profiling and RNA-sequencing data analysis revealed NB cells as the main source of MIF in the BM, suggesting a potential role of MIF in tumor invasion. Exposure of NB cells to BM-conditions increased NB cell-surface expression of the MIF receptor CXCR4, which was associated with increased cell viability, enhanced migration-invasion, and activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, subcutaneous co-injection of NB and BM cells enhanced tumor engraftment in mice. MIF inhibition with 4-IPP impaired in vitro NB aggressiveness, and improved drug response while delayed NB growth, improving survival of the NB xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BM infiltration by NB cells may be mediated, in part, by MIF-CXCR4 signaling. We demonstrate the antitumor efficacy of MIF targeting in vitro and in vivo that could represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with disseminated high-risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia-Gerique
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta García
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alícia Garrido-Garcia
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gómez-González
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torrebadell
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Prada
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Muñoz
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isadora Lemos
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Salvador
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Vila-Ubach
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Doncel-Requena
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. .,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Jin M, Xu S, Cao B, Xu Q, Yan Z, Ren Q, Lin C, Tang C. Regulator of G protein signaling 2 is inhibited by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/E1A binding protein P300 complex upon hypoxia in human preeclampsia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106211. [PMID: 35430356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related complication that causes maternal and fetal mortality. Despite extensive studies showing the role of hypoxia in preeclampsia progression, the specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible mechanism underlying hypoxia in preeclampsia. METHODS Human trophoblast-like JEG-3 cell line was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia contribution to preeclampsia and the expression correlation of key molecules was examined in human placental tissues. Methods include JEG-3 cell culture and hypoxia induction, RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR, transient transfection and dual-luciferase assay, western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, cell proliferation assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, obtainment of human placental tissue sample and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α is up-regulated in clinical preeclampsia samples, where Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 is down-regulated. Mechanistically, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α is induced in response to hypoxia, which up-regulates E1A binding protein P300 expression and thereby forms a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/E1A binding protein P300 protein-protein complex that binds to the promoter of gene Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 and subsequently inhibits the transcription of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2, possibly contributing to the preeclampsia development. In addition, the expression of E1A binding protein P300 is increased in preeclampsia samples, and the expression of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 in preeclamptic placentas inversely correlates with the levels of E1A binding protein P300. CONCLUSION Our findings may provide novel insights into understanding the molecular pathogenesis of preeclampsia and may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Obstetrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shouying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qianlei Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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14
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Targeting HIF-2α in the Tumor Microenvironment: Redefining the Role of HIF-2α for Solid Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051259. [PMID: 35267567 PMCID: PMC8909461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate oxygen supply, or hypoxia, is characteristic of the tumor microenvironment and correlates with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia leads to the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and stabilization of the HIF-α subunit, driving tumor progression. The homologous alpha subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are responsible for mediating the transcription of a multitude of critical proteins that control proliferation, angiogenic signaling, metastasis, and other oncogenic factors, both differentially and sequentially regulating the hypoxic response. Post-translational modifications of HIF play a central role in its behavior as a mediator of transcription, as well as the temporal transition from HIF-1α to HIF-2α that occurs in response to chronic hypoxia. While it is evident that HIF-α is highly dynamic, HIF-2α remains vastly under-considered. HIF-2α can intensify the behaviors of the most aggressive tumors by adapting the cell to oxidative stress, thereby promoting metastasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and upregulating cancer stem cell factors. The structure, function, hypoxic response, spatiotemporal dynamics, and roles in the progression and persistence of cancer of this HIF-2α molecule and its EPAS1 gene are highlighted in this review, alongside a discussion of current therapeutics and future directions.
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15
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Cowman SJ, Koh MY. Revisiting the HIF switch in the tumor and its immune microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:28-42. [PMID: 34743924 PMCID: PMC8702465 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of all solid tumors and their metastases. This leads to activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors, which modulate gene expression within both tumor cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor progression and treatment response. The best characterized HIF isoforms, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, show nonoverlapping and often antagonistic roles. With the recent availability of inhibitors that target one or both HIFs, including the first-in-class selective HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan, the prospect of HIF-α isoform-selective targeting is now a reality. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the unique contributions of the two HIF-α isoforms to tumor progression in the context of the complex tumor immune microenvironment, highlighting important considerations for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Yee Koh
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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16
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Luczak MW, Krawic C, Zhitkovich A. NAD + metabolism controls growth inhibition by HIF1 in normoxia and determines differential sensitivity of normal and cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1812-1827. [PMID: 34382917 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1959988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1 inhibits cell growth in normoxia through poorly understood mechanisms. A constitutive upregulation of hypoxia response is associated with increased malignancy, indicating a loss of antiproliferative effects of HIF1 in cancer cells. To understand these differences, we examined a control of cell cycle in primary human cells with activated hypoxia response in normoxia. Activated HIF1 caused a global slowdown of cell cycle progression through G1, S and G2 phases leading to the loss of mitotic cells. Cell cycle inhibition required a prolonged HIF1 activation and was not associated with upregulation of p53 or the CDK inhibitors p16, p21 or p27. Growth inhibition by HIF1 was independent of its Asn803 hydroxylation or the presence of HIF2. Antiproliferative effects of hypoxia response were alleviated by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase and more effectively, by boosting cellular production of NAD+, which was decreased by HIF1 activation. In comparison to normal cells, various cancer lines showed several fold-higher expression of NAMPT which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the main biosynthetic pathway for NAD+. Inhibition of NAMPT activity in overexpressor cancer cells sensitized them to antigrowth effects of HIF1. Thus, metabolic changes in cancer cells, such as enhanced NAD+ production, create resistance to growth-inhibitory activity of HIF1 permitting manifestation of its tumor-promoting properties.AbbreviationsDMOG: dimethyloxalylglycine, DM-NOFD: dimethyl N-oxalyl-D-phenylalanine, NMN: β-nicotinamide mononucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal W Luczak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Casey Krawic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Bhoopathi P, Mannangatti P, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB. The quest to develop an effective therapy for neuroblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7775-7791. [PMID: 33834508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common solid extracranial tumor developing in pediatric populations. NB can spontaneously regress or grow and metastasize displaying resistance to therapy. This tumor is derived from primitive cells, mainly those of the neural crest, in the sympathetic nervous system and usually develops in the adrenal medulla and paraspinal ganglia. Our understanding of the molecular characteristics of human NBs continues to advance documenting abnormalities at the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome levels. The high-risk tumors have MYCN oncogene amplification, and the MYCN transcriptional regulator encoded by the MYCN oncogene is highly expressed in the neural crest. Studies on the biology of NB has enabled a more precise risk stratification strategy and a concomitant reduction in the required treatment in an expanding number of cases worldwide. However, newer treatment strategies are mandated to improve outcomes in pediatric patients who are at high-risk and display relapse. To improve outcomes and survival rates in such high-risk patients, it is necessary to use a multicomponent therapeutic approach. Accuracy in clinical staging of the disease and assessment of the associated risks based on biological, clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria are of paramount importance for prognosis and to effectively plan therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the staging of NB and the biological and genetic features of the disease and several current therapies including targeted delivery of chemotherapy, novel radiation therapy, and immunotherapy for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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18
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Hou X, Shi X, Zhang W, Li D, Hu L, Yang J, Zhao J, Wei S, Wei X, Ruan X, Zheng X, Gao M. LDHA induces EMT gene transcription and regulates autophagy to promote the metastasis and tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:347. [PMID: 33795650 PMCID: PMC8017009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common kinds of endocrine-related cancer and has a heterogeneous prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with malignant biological behavior. However, the functions and mechanisms of glucose metabolism genes in PTC are not fully understood. Thus, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed, and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was determined to be a potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PTCs. The research objective was to investigate the expression of LDHA in PTCs and to explore the main functions and relative mechanisms of LDHA in PTCs. Higher expression levels of LDHA were found in PTC tissues than in normal thyroid tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Higher expression levels of LDHA were correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Moreover, we found that LDHA not only promoted PTC migration and invasion but also enhanced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we revealed that the metabolic products of LDHA catalyzed induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by increasing the relative gene H3K27 acetylation. Moreover, LDHA knockdown activated the AMPK pathway and induced protective autophagy. An autophagy inhibitor significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of FX11. These results suggested that LDHA enhanced the cell metastasis and proliferation of PTCs and may therefore become a potential therapeutic target for PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Hou
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xianle Shi
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Dapeng Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Linfei Hu
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jihong Yang
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jingzhu Zhao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Songfeng Wei
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xi Wei
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Ming Gao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
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19
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MIAT Is an Upstream Regulator of NMYC and the Disruption of the MIAT/NMYC Axis Induces Cell Death in NMYC Amplified Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073393. [PMID: 33806217 PMCID: PMC8038079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial childhood malignant tumor and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths in infants. NMYC amplification or overexpression is associated with the malignant behavior of NBL tumors. In the present study, we revealed an association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) and NMYC amplification in NBL cell lines and MIAT expression in NBL tissue samples. MIAT silencing induces cell death only in cells with NMYC amplification, but in NBL cells without NMYC amplification it decreases only the proliferation. MIAT downregulation markedly reduces the NMYC expression in NMYC-amplified NBL cell lines and c-Myc expression in NMYC non-amplified NBL cell lines, but the ectopic overexpression or downregulation of NMYC did not affect the expression of MIAT. Moreover, MIAT downregulation results in decreased ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), a known transcriptional target of MYC oncogenes, and decreases the glycolytic metabolism and respiratory function. These results indicate that MIAT is an upstream regulator of NMYC and that MIAT/NMYC axis disruption induces cell death in NMYC-amplified NBL cell lines. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of NMYC in NBL, suggesting that MIAT might be a potential therapeutic target, especially for those with NMYC amplification.
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20
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Catastrophic ATP loss underlies a metabolic combination therapy tailored for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009620118. [PMID: 33762304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009620118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is a lethal subset of pediatric cancer. MYCN drives numerous effects in the cell, including metabolic changes that are critical for oncogenesis. The understanding that both compensatory pathways and intrinsic redundancy in cell systems exists implies that the use of combination therapies for effective and durable responses is necessary. Additionally, the most effective targeted therapies exploit an "Achilles' heel" and are tailored to the genetics of the cancer under study. We performed an unbiased screen on select metabolic targeted therapy combinations and correlated sensitivity with over 20 subsets of cancer. We found that MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is hypersensitive to the combination of an inhibitor of the lactate transporter MCT1, AZD3965, and complex I of the mitochondrion, phenformin. Our data demonstrate that MCT4 is highly correlated with resistance to the combination in the screen and lowly expressed in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Low MCT4 combines with high expression of the MCT2 and MCT1 chaperone CD147 in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, altogether conferring sensitivity to the AZD3965 and phenformin combination. The result is simultaneous disruption of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in dramatic disruption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death. In mouse models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, the combination was tolerable at concentrations where it shrank tumors and did not increase white-blood-cell toxicity compared to single drugs. Therefore, we demonstrate that a metabolic combination screen can identify vulnerabilities in subsets of cancer and put forth a metabolic combination therapy tailored for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma that demonstrates efficacy and tolerability in vivo.
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21
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Huo Z, Lomora M, Kym U, Palivan C, Holland-Cunz SG, Gros SJ. AQP1 Is Up-Regulated by Hypoxia and Leads to Increased Cell Water Permeability, Motility, and Migration in Neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605272. [PMID: 33644043 PMCID: PMC7905035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. It is hypothesized that AQP1 expression can facilitate the transmembrane water transport leading to changes in cell structure that promote migration. Its impact in neuroblastoma has not been addressed so far. The objectives of this study have been to determine whether AQP1 expression in neuroblastoma is dependent on hypoxia, to demonstrate whether AQP1 is functionally relevant for migration, and to further define AQP1-dependent properties of the migrating cells. This was determined by investigating the reaction of neuroblastoma cell lines, particularly SH-SY5Y, Kelly, SH-EP Tet-21/N and SK-N-BE(2)-M17 to hypoxia, quantitating the AQP1-related water permeability by stopped-flow spectroscopy, and studying the migration-related properties of the cells in a modified transwell assay. We find that AQP1 expression in neuroblastoma cells is up-regulated by hypoxic conditions, and that increased AQP1 expression enabled the cells to form a phenotype which is associated with migratory properties and increased cell agility. This suggests that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the trigger for some tumor cells to transition to a migratory phenotype. We demonstrate that migrating tumor cell express elevated AQP1 levels and a hypoxic biochemical phenotype. Our experiments strongly suggest that elevated AQP1 might be a key driver in transitioning stable tumor cells to migrating tumor cells in a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Palivan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie J Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Otte J, Dyberg C, Pepich A, Johnsen JI. MYCN Function in Neuroblastoma Development. Front Oncol 2021; 10:624079. [PMID: 33585251 PMCID: PMC7873735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.624079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of the transcription factor MYCN is frequently detected in nervous system tumors such as childhood neuroblastoma. Here, gene amplification of MYCN is a single oncogenic driver inducing neoplastic transformation in neural crest-derived cells. This abnormal MYCN expression is one of the strongest predictors of poor prognosis. It is present at diagnosis and is never acquired during later tumorigenesis of MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma. This suggests that increased MYCN expression is an early event in these cancers leading to a peculiar dysregulation of cells that results in embryonal or cancer stem-like qualities, such as increased self-renewal, apoptotic resistance, and metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Otte
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Dyberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adena Pepich
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Pini N, Huo Z, Kym U, Holland-Cunz S, Gros SJ. AQP1-Driven Migration Is Independent of Other Known Adverse Factors but Requires a Hypoxic Undifferentiated Cell Profile in Neuroblastoma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8010048. [PMID: 33467498 PMCID: PMC7829990 DOI: 10.3390/children8010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a biologically very heterogeneous tumor with its clinical manifestation ranging from spontaneous regression to highly aggressive metastatic disease. Several adverse factors have been linked to oncogenesis, tumor progression and metastases of neuroblastoma including NMYC amplification, the neural adhesion molecule NCAM, as well as CXCR4 as a promoter of metastases. In this study, we investigate to what extent the expression of AQP1 in neuroblastoma correlates with changing cellular factors such as the hypoxic status, differentiation, expression of known adverse factors such as NMYC and NCAM, and CXCR4-related metastatic spread. Our results show that while AQP1 expression leads to an increased migratory behavior of neuroblastoma cells under hypoxic conditions, we find that hypoxia is associated with a reduction of NMYC in the same cells. A similar effect can be observed when using the tetracycline driven mechanism of SH-EP/Tet cells. When NMYC is not expressed, the expression of AQP1 is increased together with an increased expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. We furthermore show that when growing cells in different cell densities, they express AQP1, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, NMYC and NCAM to different degrees. AQP1 expression correlates with a hypoxic profile of these cells with increased HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression, as well as with NMYC and NCAM expression in two out of three neuroblastoma cell lines. When investigating cell properties of the cells that actually migrate, we find that the increased APQ1 expression in the migrated cells correlates with an increased NMYC and NCAM expression again in two out of three cell lines. Expression of the tumor cell homing marker CXCR4 varies between different tumor areas and between cell lines. While some migrated tumor cells highly express CXCR4, cells of other origin do not. In the initial phase of migration, we determined a dominant role of AQP1 expression of migrating cells in the scratch assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pini
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (N.P.); (Z.H.); (U.K.); (S.H.-C.)
| | - Zihe Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (N.P.); (Z.H.); (U.K.); (S.H.-C.)
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (N.P.); (Z.H.); (U.K.); (S.H.-C.)
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (N.P.); (Z.H.); (U.K.); (S.H.-C.)
| | - Stephanie J. Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (N.P.); (Z.H.); (U.K.); (S.H.-C.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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24
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Li Y, Sun XX, Qian DZ, Dai MS. Molecular Crosstalk Between MYC and HIF in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590576. [PMID: 33251216 PMCID: PMC7676913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-MYC (MYC thereafter) is a global regulator of gene expression. It is overexpressed or deregulated in human cancers of diverse origins and plays a key role in the development of cancers. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a central regulator for cells to adapt to low cellular oxygen levels, is also often overexpressed and activated in many human cancers. HIF mediates the primary transcriptional response of a wide range of genes in response to hypoxia. Earlier studies focused on the inhibition of MYC by HIF during hypoxia, when MYC is expressed at physiological level, to help cells survive under low oxygen conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that MYC and HIF also cooperate to promote cancer cell growth and progression. This review will summarize the current understanding of the complex molecular interplay between MYC and HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David Z Qian
- The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, United States.,The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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25
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Blavier L, Yang RM, DeClerck YA. The Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma: New Players, New Mechanisms of Interaction and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102912. [PMID: 33050533 PMCID: PMC7599920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to cancer progression has been well recognized in recent decades. As cancer therapeutic strategies are increasingly precise and include immunotherapies, knowledge of the nature and function of the TME in a tumor becomes essential. Our understanding of the TME in neuroblastoma (NB), the second most common solid tumor in children, has significantly progressed from an initial focus on its Schwannian component to a better awareness of its complex nature, which includes not only immune but also non-immune cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the contribution of which to inflammation and interaction with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is now recognized. Recent studies on the TME landscape of NB tumors also suggest significant differences between MYCN-amplified (MYCN-A) and non-amplified (MYCN-NA) tumors, in their content in stromal and inflammatory cells and their immunosuppressive activity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells in the TME and microRNAs (miRs) present in their cargo could play important roles in the communication between NB cells and the TME. This review article discusses these new aspects of the TME in NB and the impact that information on the TME landscape in NB will have in the design of precise, biomarker-integrated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Blavier
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.B.); (R.-M.Y.)
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ren-Ming Yang
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.B.); (R.-M.Y.)
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yves A. DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.B.); (R.-M.Y.)
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-382-5548 or +1-323-361-5648
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26
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Dong Y, Tu R, Liu H, Qing G. Regulation of cancer cell metabolism: oncogenic MYC in the driver's seat. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:124. [PMID: 32651356 PMCID: PMC7351732 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of unbridled growth and proliferation. As such, most human cancers differ from normal counterpart tissues by a plethora of energetic and metabolic reprogramming. Transcription factors of the MYC family are deregulated in up to 70% of all human cancers through a variety of mechanisms. Oncogenic levels of MYC regulates almost every aspect of cellular metabolism, a recently revisited hallmark of cancer development. Meanwhile, unrestrained growth in response to oncogenic MYC expression creates dependency on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, which in principle provides novel targets for development of effective cancer therapeutics. In the current review, we summarize the significant progress made toward understanding how MYC deregulation fuels metabolic rewiring in malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology & Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology & Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology & Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Frontier Science Center for Immunology & Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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27
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N-Myc-induced metabolic rewiring creates novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7157. [PMID: 32346009 PMCID: PMC7188804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc is a transcription factor that is aberrantly expressed in many tumor types and is often correlated with poor patient prognosis. Recently, several lines of evidence pointed to the fact that oncogenic activation of Myc family proteins is concomitant with reprogramming of tumor cells to cope with an enhanced need for metabolites during cell growth. These adaptions are driven by the ability of Myc proteins to act as transcriptional amplifiers in a tissue-of-origin specific manner. Here, we describe the effects of N-Myc overexpression on metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma cells. Ectopic expression of N-Myc induced a glycolytic switch that was concomitant with enhanced sensitivity towards 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. Moreover, global metabolic profiling revealed extensive alterations in the cellular metabolome resulting from overexpression of N-Myc. Limited supply with either of the two main carbon sources, glucose or glutamine, resulted in distinct shifts in steady-state metabolite levels and significant changes in glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, interference with glutamine-glutamate conversion preferentially blocked proliferation of N-Myc overexpressing cells, when glutamine levels were reduced. Thus, our study uncovered N-Myc induction and nutrient levels as important metabolic master switches in neuroblastoma cells and identified critical nodes that restrict tumor cell proliferation.
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28
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Targeting metabolic activity in high-risk neuroblastoma through Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibition. Oncogene 2020; 39:3555-3570. [PMID: 32123312 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene occurs in ~25% of primary neuroblastomas and is the single most powerful biological marker of poor prognosis in this disease. MYCN transcriptionally regulates a range of biological processes important for cancer, including cell metabolism. The MYCN-regulated metabolic gene SLC16A1, encoding the lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), is a potential therapeutic target. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with the MCT1 inhibitor SR13800 increased intracellular lactate levels, disrupted the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) ratio, and decreased intracellular glutathione levels. Metabolite tracing with 13C-glucose and 13C-glutamine following MCT1 inhibitor treatment revealed increased quantities of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and increased oxygen consumption rate. MCT1 inhibition was highly synergistic with vincristine and LDHA inhibition under cell culture conditions, but this combination was ineffective against neuroblastoma xenografts. Posttreatment xenograft tumors had increased synthesis of the MCT1 homolog MCT4/SLC16A, a known resistance factor to MCT1 inhibition. We found that MCT4 was negatively regulated by MYCN in luciferase reporter assays and its synthesis in neuroblastoma cells was increased under hypoxic conditions and following hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) induction, suggesting that MCT4 may contribute to resistance to MCT1 inhibitor treatment in hypoxic neuroblastoma tumors. Co-treatment of neuroblastoma cells with inhibitors of MCT1 and LDHA, the enzyme responsible for lactate production, resulted in a large increase in intracellular pyruvate and was highly synergistic in decreasing neuroblastoma cell viability. These results highlight the potential of targeting MCT1 in neuroblastoma in conjunction with strategies that involve disruption of pyruvate homeostasis and indicate possible resistance mechanisms.
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29
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Li W, Xu M, Li Y, Huang Z, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Le K, Dong F, Wan C, Yi P. Comprehensive analysis of the association between tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:92. [PMID: 32070368 PMCID: PMC7029444 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and tumor-promoting inflammation are three hallmarks of cancer that provide new perspectives for understanding the biology of cancer. We aimed to figure out the relationship of tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function in the context of breast cancer, which is significant for deeper understanding of the biology, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods Using mRNA transcriptome data, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) maps based on digitized H&E-stained images and clinical information of breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas projects (TCGA), we explored the expression and prognostic implications of glycolysis-related genes, as well as the enrichment scores and dual role of different immune/inflammation cells in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between glycolysis activity and immune/inflammation function was studied by using the differential genes expression analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and correlation analysis. Results Most glycolysis-related genes had higher expression in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. Higher phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) expression was associated with poor prognosis. High glycolysis group had upregulated immune/inflammation-related genes expression, upregulated immune/inflammation pathways especially IL-17 signaling pathway, higher enrichment of multiple immune/inflammation cells such as Th2 cells and macrophages. However, high glycolysis group was associated with lower infiltration of tumor-killing immune cells such as NKT cells and higher immune checkpoints expression such as PD-L1, CTLA4, FOXP3 and IDO1. Conclusions In conclusion, the enhanced glycolysis activity of breast cancer was associated with pro-tumor immunity. The interaction between tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function may be mediated through IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kehao Le
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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30
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Laganá G, Barreca D, Calderaro A, Bellocco E. Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibition: Biochemical Relevance and Therapeutical Potential. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3242-3252. [PMID: 28183261 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170209103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) is a key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism in almost all living organisms and it is also a functional checkpoint for glucose restoration during gluconeogenesis and single-stranded DNA metabolism. This enzyme has a well preserved structure during evolution and among the species, with little, but sometimes very useful, changes in the amino acid sequence, which makes it an attractive target for the design and construction of functional molecules able to modulate its catalytic potential and expression. Research has focused mainly on the selection of modulator especially as far as LDH isozymes (especially LDH-5) and lactate dehydrogenases of Plasmodium falciparum (pfLDH) are concerned. This review summarizes the recent advances in the design and development of inhibitors, pointing out their specificity and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Laganá
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
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31
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Combinatorial targeting of MTHFD2 and PAICS in purine synthesis as a novel therapeutic strategy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:786. [PMID: 31624245 PMCID: PMC6797810 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MYCN-amplified (MNA) neuroblastoma is an aggressive neural crest-derived pediatric cancer. However, MYCN is indispensable for development and transcriptionally regulates extensive network of genes. Integrating anti-MYCN ChIP-seq and gene expression profiles of neuroblastoma patients revealed the metabolic enzymes, MTHFD2 and PAICS, required for one-carbon metabolism and purine biosynthesis were concomitantly upregulated, which were more susceptible to metastatic neuroblastoma. Moreover, we found that MYCN mediated the folate cycle via MTHFD2, which contributed one-carbon unit to enhance purine synthesis, and further regulated nucleotide production by PAICS in response to cancer progression. Dual knockdown of the MYCN-targeted gene pair, MTHFD2 and PAICS, in MNA neuroblastoma cells synergically reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration ability, and DNA synthesis. By systematically screening the compound perturbagens, the gene expression levels of MTHFD2 and PAICS were specifically suppressed by anisomycin and apicidin across cell lines, and our co-treatment results also displayed synergistic inhibition of MNA neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Collectively, targeting a combination of MYCN-targeted genes that interrupts the interconnection of metabolic pathways may overcome drug toxicity and improve the efficacy of current therapeutic agents in MNA neuroblastoma.
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32
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Li H, Rai M, Buddika K, Sterrett MC, Luhur A, Mahmoudzadeh NH, Julick CR, Pletcher RC, Chawla G, Gosney CJ, Burton AK, Karty JA, Montooth KL, Sokol NS, Tennessen JM. Lactate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cooperatively regulate growth and carbohydrate metabolism during Drosophila melanogaster larval development. Development 2019; 146:dev175315. [PMID: 31399469 PMCID: PMC6765128 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic growth that occurs during Drosophila larval development requires rapid conversion of nutrients into biomass. Many larval tissues respond to these biosynthetic demands by increasing carbohydrate metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The resulting metabolic program is ideally suited for synthesis of macromolecules and mimics the manner by which cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis. To explore the potential role of Drosophila LDH in promoting biosynthesis, we examined how Ldh mutations influence larval development. Our studies unexpectedly found that Ldh mutants grow at a normal rate, indicating that LDH is dispensable for larval biomass production. However, subsequent metabolomic analyses suggested that Ldh mutants compensate for the inability to produce lactate by generating excess glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), the production of which also influences larval redox balance. Consistent with this possibility, larvae lacking both LDH and G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH1) exhibit growth defects, synthetic lethality and decreased glycolytic flux. Considering that human cells also generate G3P upon inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), our findings hint at a conserved mechanism in which the coordinate regulation of lactate and G3P synthesis imparts metabolic robustness to growing animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Madhulika Rai
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kasun Buddika
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Maria C Sterrett
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Arthur Luhur
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Cole R Julick
- RNA Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Rose C Pletcher
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Chelsea J Gosney
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Anna K Burton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kristi L Montooth
- RNA Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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33
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MYC Expression and Metabolic Redox Changes in Cancer Cells: A Synergy Able to Induce Chemoresistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7346492. [PMID: 31341534 PMCID: PMC6614970 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7346492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is due to multiple factors including the induction of a metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. In fact, in these cells, stress conditions induced by therapies stimulate a metabolic reprogramming which involves the strengthening of various pathways such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. This metabolic reprogramming is the result of a complex network of mechanisms that, through the activation of oncogenes (i.e., MYC, HIF1, and PI3K) or the downregulation of tumor suppressors (i.e., TP53), induces an increased expression of glucose and/or glutamine transporters and of glycolytic enzymes. Therefore, in order to overcome chemoresistance, it is necessary to develop combined therapies which are able to selectively and simultaneously act on the multiple molecular targets responsible for this adaptation. This review is focused on highlighting the role of MYC in modulating the epigenetic redox changes which are crucial in the acquisition of therapy resistance.
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34
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Cardamonin, a natural chalcone, reduces 5-fluorouracil resistance of gastric cancer cells through targeting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:329-339. [PMID: 31102118 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cardamonin (CD), an active chalconoid, has been extensively studied in a wide variety of human tumors. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of cardamonin on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of cardamonin on 5-FU-resistant GC cells and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential. Methods The antitumor activities of cardamonin, 5-FU and their combination against BGC-823 and BGC-823/5-FU cells were determined using cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis and Annexin V apoptosis assay. The effect of cardamonin on P-glycoprotein activity was assessed by Rh123 uptake assay. Real-time PCR, Western blotting and Co-immunoprecipitation analysis were carried out to assess the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A xenograft mouse model was established using BALB/c nude mice to examine the combinatorial effects of cardamonin and 5-FU on tumor growth. Results Our data provided the first demonstration that cardamonin significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of 5-FU in GC cells via suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, the combination of cardamonin and 5-FU might result in the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of BGC-823/5-FU cells, accompanied by the downregulated expression levels of P-glycoprotein, β-catenin and TCF4. More importantly, our results demonstrated that cardamonin specifically disrupted the formation of β-catenin/TCF4 complex, leading to TCF4-mediated transcriptional activation in 5-FU-resistant GC cells. Besides, through a xenograft mouse model, co-administration of cardamonin and 5-FU significantly retarded tumor growth in vivo, thus, confirming our in vitro findings. Conclusions Overall, this study revealed that cotreatment of cardamonin and 5-FU could strongly potentiate the antitumor activity of 5-FU, and put forth cardamonin as a rational therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant GC treatment.
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Bound polyphenol from foxtail millet bran exhibits an antiproliferative activity in HT-29 cells by reprogramming miR-149-mediated aerobic glycolysis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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36
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Yue M, Jiang J, Gao P, Liu H, Qing G. Oncogenic MYC Activates a Feedforward Regulatory Loop Promoting Essential Amino Acid Metabolism and Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3819-3832. [PMID: 29281830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells exhibit obligatory demands for essential amino acids (EAAs), but the regulatory mechanisms whereby tumor cells take up EAAs and EAAs promote malignant transformation remain to be determined. Here, we show that oncogenic MYC, solute carrier family (SLC) 7 member 5 (SLC7A5), and SLC43A1 constitute a feedforward activation loop to promote EAA transport and tumorigenesis. MYC selectively activates Slc7a5 and Slc43a1 transcription through direct binding to specific E box elements within both genes, enabling effective EAA import. Elevated EAAs, in turn, stimulate Myc mRNA translation, in part through attenuation of the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 amino acid stress response pathway, leading to MYC-dependent transcriptional amplification. SLC7A5/SLC43A1 depletion inhibits MYC expression, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings thus reveal a MYC-SLC7A5/SLC43A1 signaling circuit that underlies EAA metabolism, MYC deregulation, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Affiliated Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030207. [PMID: 30823476 PMCID: PMC6468851 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI can result in kidney fibrosis and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, occurs in both acute and chronic kidney diseases under a variety of clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the "master" transcription factors responsible for gene expression in hypoxia. Recent researches demonstrate that HIFs play an important role in kidney injury and repair by regulating HIF target genes, including microRNAs. However, there are controversies regarding the pathological roles of HIFs in kidney injury and repair. In this review, we describe the regulation, expression, and functions of HIFs, and their target genes and related functions. We also discuss the involvement of HIFs in AKI and kidney repair, presenting HIFs as effective therapeutic targets.
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38
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Bok R, Lee J, Sriram R, Keshari K, Sukumar S, Daneshmandi S, Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Seth P. The Role of Lactate Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastases Revealed by Dual-Agent Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020257. [PMID: 30813322 PMCID: PMC6406929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied a dual-agent, 13C-pyruvate and 13C-urea, hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and multi-parametric (mp) 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model to investigate changes in tumor perfusion and lactate metabolism during prostate cancer development, progression and metastases, and after lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) knock-out. An increased Warburg effect, as measured by an elevated hyperpolarized (HP) Lactate/Pyruvate (Lac/Pyr) ratio, and associated Ldha expression and LDH activity were significantly higher in high- versus low-grade TRAMP tumors and normal prostates. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment in high-grade tumors, as measured by significantly decreased HP 13C-urea perfusion and increased PIM staining, played a key role in increasing lactate production through increased Hif1α and then Ldha expression. Increased lactate induced Mct4 expression and an acidic tumor microenvironment that provided a potential mechanism for the observed high rate of lymph node (86%) and liver (33%) metastases. The Ldha knockdown in the triple-transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer resulted in a significant reduction in HP Lac/Pyr, which preceded a reduction in tumor volume or apparent water diffusion coefficient (ADC). The Ldha gene knockdown significantly reduced primary tumor growth and reduced lymph node and visceral metastases. These data suggested a metabolic transformation from low- to high-grade prostate cancer including an increased Warburg effect, decreased perfusion, and increased metastatic potential. Moreover, these data suggested that LDH activity and lactate are required for tumor progression. The lactate metabolism changes during prostate cancer provided the motivation for applying hyperpolarized 13C MRSI to detect aggressive disease at diagnosis and predict early therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jessie Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kayvan Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Fang E, Wang J, Hong M, Zheng L, Tong Q. Valproic acid suppresses Warburg effect and tumor progression in neuroblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Silberman A, Goldman O, Boukobza Assayag O, Jacob A, Rabinovich S, Adler L, Lee JS, Keshet R, Sarver A, Frug J, Stettner N, Galai S, Persi E, Halpern KB, Zaltsman-Amir Y, Pode-Shakked B, Eilam R, Anikster Y, Nagamani SCS, Ulitsky I, Ruppin E, Erez A. Acid-Induced Downregulation of ASS1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Intracellular pH in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 79:518-533. [PMID: 30573518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) by either promoter methylation or by HIF1α is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in multiple cancers. We have previously shown that in normoxic conditions, ASS1 downregulation facilitates cancer cell proliferation by increasing aspartate availability for pyrimidine synthesis by the enzyme complex CAD. Here we report that in hypoxia, ASS1 expression in cancerous cells is downregulated further by HIF1α-mediated induction of miR-224-5p, making the cells more invasive and dependent on upstream substrates of ASS1 for survival. ASS1 was downregulated under acidic conditions, and ASS1-depleted cancer cells maintained a higher intracellular pH (pHi), depended less on extracellular glutamine, and displayed higher glutathione levels. Depletion of substrates of urea cycle enzymes in ASS1-deficient cancers decreased cancer cell survival. Thus, ASS1 levels in cancer are differentially regulated in various environmental conditions to metabolically benefit cancer progression. Understanding these alterations may help uncover specific context-dependent cancer vulnerabilities that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells in an acidic or hypoxic environment downregulate the expression of the urea cycle enzyme ASS1, which provides them with a redox and pH advantage, resulting in better survival.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/3/518/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Goldman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Adi Jacob
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiran Rabinovich
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alona Sarver
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Frug
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan Galai
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Persi
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Branch (CBB), National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Westerlund I, Shi Y, Holmberg J. EPAS1/HIF2α correlates with features of low-risk neuroblastoma and with adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation during sympathoadrenal development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1233-1239. [PMID: 30563765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia inducible transcription factor EPAS1/HIF2α has been described as an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Our analysis of several neuroblastoma tumour expression datasets does not support an oncogenic role, instead EPAS1 expression is associated with better patient outcome and characteristics of low-risk tumours. Treatment with HIF2α inhibitors did not block in vitro neuroblastoma cell proliferation nor xenograft growth. In addition, we analysed single cell sequencing data sets from the developing mouse sympathoadrenal lineage, wherein expression of Epas1 was a strong predictor of differentiated adrenal chromaffin cells and negatively correlated with progenitor characteristics. This was reflected in neuroblastoma tumours wherein genes co-expressed with Epas1 during sympathoadrenal development strongly predicts favourable patient outcome and features of low-risk tumours. Thus, our analysis suggest that with the current available data EPAS1/HIF2α should not be classified as a neuroblastoma oncogene and is less likely to represent a suitable drug target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Westerlund
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yao Shi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Activated hepatic stellate cells promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through transglutaminase 2-induced pseudohypoxia. Commun Biol 2018; 1:168. [PMID: 30393774 PMCID: PMC6202353 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells reportedly contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we use quantitative proteomics and ingenuity pathway analysis to show that transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is upregulated in the course of activated hepatic stellate cells promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC-derived cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, activated hepatic stellate cells promote TGM2 upregulation in HCC cells through inflammatory signalling; and TGM2-induced depletion of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, a key molecule in the degradation of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) under normoxia, then causes HIF-1a to accumulate, thereby producing a pseudohypoxic state that promotes EMT in HCC cells. These findings suggest that the promotion of EMT in HCC cells by activated hepatic stellate cells is mediated by pseudohypoxia induced via TGM2/VHL/HIF-1a pathway. Hui Ma et al. report a new mechanism by which activated hepatic stellate cells promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma. They find that transglutaminase 2 is upregulated by activated hepatic stellate cells via inflammatory signalling, which leads to a pseudohypoxic state promoting EMT.
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43
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The MYC transcription factor network: balancing metabolism, proliferation and oncogenesis. Front Med 2018; 12:412-425. [PMID: 30054853 PMCID: PMC7358075 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor networks have evolved in order to control, coordinate, and separate, the functions of distinct network modules spatially and temporally. In this review we focus on the MYC network (also known as the MAX-MLX Network), a highly conserved super-family of related basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLHZ) proteins that functions to integrate extracellular and intracellular signals and modulate global gene expression. Importantly the MYC network has been shown to be deeply involved in a broad spectrum of human and other animal cancers. Here we summarize molecular and biological properties of the network modules with emphasis on functional interactions among network members. We suggest that these network interactions serve to modulate growth and metabolism at the transcriptional level in order to balance nutrient demand with supply, to maintain growth homeostasis, and to influence cell fate. Moreover, oncogenic activation of MYC and/or loss of a MYC antagonist, results in an imbalance in the activity of the network as a whole, leading to tumor initiation, progression and maintenance.
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LDHA in Neuroblastoma Is Associated with Poor Outcome and Its Depletion Decreases Neuroblastoma Growth Independent of Aerobic Glycolysis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5772-5783. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sugita S, Enokida H, Yoshino H, Miyamoto K, Yonemori M, Sakaguchi T, Osako Y, Nakagawa M. HRAS as a potential therapeutic target of salirasib RAS inhibitor in bladder cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:725-736. [PMID: 29901113 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The active form of the small GTPase RAS binds to downstream effectors to promote cell growth and proliferation. RAS signal enhancement contributes to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis in various different cancers. HRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (HRAS), one of the RAS isoforms, was the first human oncogene for which mutations were reported in T24 bladder cancer (BC) cells in 1982, and HRAS mutation or upregulation has been reported in several cancers. According to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, HRAS expression was significantly upregulated in clinical BC samples compared to healthy samples (P=0.0024). HRAS expression was also significantly upregulated in BC with HRAS mutation compared to patients without HRAS mutation (P<0.0001). The tumor suppressive effect of salirasib, a RAS inhibitor, has been reported in several cancer types, but only at relatively high concentrations. As such, RAS inhibitors have not been used for clinical applications. The aim of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting HRAS using salirasib and small interfering RNA (siRNA) and to characterize the mechanism by which HRAS functions using recently developed quantitative in vitro proteome-assisted multiple reaction monitoring for protein absolute quantification (iMPAQT), in BC cells. iMPAQT allows measurement of the absolute abundance of any human protein with the high quantitative accuracy. Salirasib and siRNA targeting of HRAS inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HRAS wild type and HRAS-mutated cell lines. Proteomic analyses revealed that several metabolic pathways, including the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and glycolysis, were significantly downregulated in salirasib-treated BC cells. However, the expression levels of hexokinase 2, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM)1, PKM2 and lactate dehydrogenase A, which are downstream of RAS and target genes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, were not notably downregulated, which may explain the high concentration of salirasib required to inhibit cell viability. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of salirasib, and suggest the need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat cancers such as BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sugita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masaya Yonemori
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoichi Osako
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Cheng TM, Chu HL, Lee YC, Wang DY, Chang CC, Chung KL, Yen HC, Hsiao CW, Pan XY, Kuo TR, Chen CC. Quantitative Analysis of Glucose Metabolic Cleavage in Glucose Transporters Overexpressed Cancer Cells by Target-Specific Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3974-3980. [PMID: 29466668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The glucose metabolism rate in cancer cells is a crucial piece of information for the cancer aggressiveness. A feasible method to monitor processes of oncogenic mutations has been demonstrated in this work. The fluorescent gold nanoclusters conjugated with glucose (glucose-AuNCs) were successfully synthesized as a cancer-targeting probe for glucose transporters (Gluts) overexpressed by U-87 MG cancer cells, which can be observed under confocal microscopy. The structural and optical characterizations of fluorescent glucose-AuNCs were confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The MTT assay exhibited the high biocompatibility of water-soluble glucose-AuNCs for further biomedical applications. The glucose metabolic cleavage of glucose-AuNCs by glycolytic enzymes from U-87 MG cancer cell was measured by fluorescence change of glucose-AuNCs. The fluorescence change based on the integrated area under fluorescence spectra ( A t) of glucose-AuNCs was plotted as a function of different reaction time ( t) with glycolytic enzymes. The fitted curve of A t versus t showed the first-order kinetics to explain the mechanism of glucose metabolic cleavage rate of glucose-AuNCs by glycolytic enzymes. The rate constant k could be utilized to determine the glucose metabolism rate of glucose-AuNCs for the quantitative analysis of cancer aggressiveness. Our work provides a practical application of target-specific glucose-AuNCs as a fluorescence probe to analyze the glucose metabolism in Gluts overexpressed cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lee
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040 , Taiwan
| | - Di-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Tunghai University , Taichung 40704 , Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lan Chung
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
| | - Xi-Yu Pan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Rong Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
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Applebaum MA, Jha AR, Kao C, Hernandez KM, DeWane G, Salwen HR, Chlenski A, Dobratic M, Mariani CJ, Godley LA, Prabhakar N, White K, Stranger BE, Cohn SL. Integrative genomics reveals hypoxia inducible genes that are associated with a poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76816-76826. [PMID: 27765905 PMCID: PMC5340231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is notable for its broad spectrum of clinical behavior ranging from spontaneous regression to rapidly progressive disease. Hypoxia is well known to confer a more aggressive phenotype in neuroblastoma. We analyzed transcriptome data from diagnostic neuroblastoma tumors and hypoxic neuroblastoma cell lines to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with poor patient outcome and are involved in the hypoxia response. By integrating a diverse set of transcriptome datasets, including those from neuroblastoma patients and neuroblastoma derived cell lines, we identified nine genes (SLCO4A1, ENO1, HK2, PGK1, MTFP1, HILPDA, VKORC1, TPI1, and HIST1H1C) that are up-regulated in hypoxia and whose expression levels are correlated with poor patient outcome in three independent neuroblastoma cohorts. Analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and ENCODE data indicate that at least five of these nine genes have an increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and a more open chromatin structure in hypoxia versus normoxia and are putative targets of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as they contain HIF binding sites in their regulatory regions. Four of these genes are key components of the glycolytic pathway and another three are directly involved in cellular metabolism. We experimentally validated our computational findings demonstrating that seven of the nine genes are significantly up-regulated in response to hypoxia in the four neuroblastoma cell lines tested. This compact and robustly validated group of genes, is associated with the hypoxia response in aggressive neuroblastoma and may represent a novel target for biomarker and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Applebaum
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Aashish R Jha
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Clara Kao
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Kyle M Hernandez
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Gillian DeWane
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Helen R Salwen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Chlenski
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Marija Dobratic
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Mariani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Nanduri Prabhakar
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Center for Data Intensive Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Susan L Cohn
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
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48
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Calabrese FM, Clima R, Pignataro P, Lasorsa VA, Hogarty MD, Castellano A, Conte M, Tonini GP, Iolascon A, Gasparre G, Capasso M. A comprehensive characterization of rare mitochondrial DNA variants in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49246-49258. [PMID: 27351283 PMCID: PMC5226504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma, a tumor of the developing sympathetic nervous system, is a common childhood neoplasm that is often lethal. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been found in most tumors including neuroblastoma. We extracted mtDNA data from a cohort of neuroblastoma samples that had undergone Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and also used snap-frozen samples in which mtDNA was entirely sequenced by Sanger technology. We next undertook the challenge of determining those mutations that are relevant to, or arisen during tumor development. The bioinformatics pipeline used to extract mitochondrial variants from matched tumor/blood samples was enriched by a set of filters inclusive of heteroplasmic fraction, nucleotide variability, and in silico prediction of pathogenicity. Results Our in silico multistep workflow applied both on WES and Sanger-sequenced neuroblastoma samples, allowed us to identify a limited burden of somatic and germline mitochondrial mutations with a potential pathogenic impact. Conclusions The few singleton germline and somatic mitochondrial mutations emerged, according to our in silico analysis, do not appear to impact on the development of neuroblastoma. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that most mitochondrial somatic mutations can be considered as ‘passengers’ and consequently have no discernible effect in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Clima
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
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49
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MYCN drives glutaminolysis in neuroblastoma and confers sensitivity to an ROS augmenting agent. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 29445162 PMCID: PMC5833827 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heightened aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis are characteristic metabolic phenotypes in cancer cells. Neuroblastoma (NBL), a devastating pediatric cancer, is featured by frequent genomic amplification of MYCN, a member of the Myc oncogene family that is primarily expressed in the early stage of embryonic development and required for neural crest development. Here we report that an enriched glutaminolysis gene signature is associated with MYCN amplification in children with NBL. The partial knockdown of MYCN suppresses glutaminolysis in NBL cells. Conversely, forced overexpression of MYCN in neural crest progenitor cells enhances glutaminolysis. Importantly, glutaminolysis induces oxidative stress by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), rendering NBL cells sensitive to ROS augmentation. Through a small-scale metabolic-modulator screening, we have found that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for multiple sclerosis, suppresses NBL cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. DMF suppresses NBL cell proliferation through inducing ROS and subsequently suppressing MYCN expression, which is rescued by an ROS scavenger. Our findings suggest that the metabolic modulation and ROS augmentation could be used as novel strategies in treating NBL and other MYC-driven cancers.
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50
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miR-200b is a key regulator of tumor progression and metabolism targeting lactate dehydrogenase A in human malignant glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48423-48431. [PMID: 27374173 PMCID: PMC5217028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is involved in various cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of LDHA in glioma. We found that LDHA was up-regulated in glioma samples. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of LDHA promoted proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in glioma cells. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that LDHA was a direct target of miR-200b. miR-200b was found to be down-regulated in glioma samples, which was inversely correlated with LDHA expression. Repression of LDHA by miR-200b suppressed the glycolysis, cell proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. These results provide evidence that miR-200b acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma through the inhibition of LDHA both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting LDHA through miR-200b could be a potential therapeutic strategy in glioma.
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