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Siragusa G, Tomasello L, Giordano C, Pizzolanti G. Survivin (BIRC5): Implications in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2024; 350:122788. [PMID: 38848940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) were discovered through experiments aimed at rescuing apoptosis in insects. Classically associated with the inhibition of apoptosis, the IAP member Survivin also regulates cell cycle progression and is an essential component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), responsible for chromosomal segregation. Although undetectable in most adult tissues, Survivin is expressed in Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) and plays a crucial role in their maintenance. Survivin is overexpressed in most cancers, contributing to their clonal expansion. As a result, it has been proposed as a possible anticancer target for nearly two decades. In this discussion, we will explore the rationale behind Survivin as a therapeutic target, focusing on common cancer types such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. We will delve into the modulation of Survivin by cancer pro-survival cell signaling, the association between SNPs and tumorigenesis, and its regulation by miRNAs. Finally, we will compare cell growth, clonogenic capacity, and apoptosis, along with different strategies for Survivin inhibition, including gene expression and protein activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATEN Center), University of Palermo, Italy.
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2
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Haider S, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury G, Chakrabarty A. Opposing Interplay between Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Forkhead BoxO 1/3 is Responsible for Sepantronium Bromide's Poor Efficacy and Resistance in Cancer cells: Opportunity for Combination Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1237-1251. [PMID: 38751638 PMCID: PMC11091984 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Survivin, a cancer-cell-specific multifunctional protein, is regulated by many oncogenic signaling pathways and an effective therapeutic target. Although, several types of survivin-targeting agents have been developed over the past few decades, none of them received clinical approval. This could be because survivin expression is tightly controlled by the feedback interaction between different signaling molecules. Of the several signaling pathways that are known to regulate survivin expression, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase/forkhead boxO (PI3K/AKT/FoxO) pathway is well-known for feedback loops constructed by cross-talk among different molecules. Using sepantronium bromide (YM155), the first of its class of survivin-suppressant, we uncovered the existence of an interesting cross-talk between Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) and FoxO transcription factors that also contributes to YM155 resistance in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Pharmacological manipulation to interrupt this interaction not only helped restore/enhance the drug-sensitivity but also prompted effective immune clearance of cancer cells. Because the YM155-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiates this feedback, we believe that it will be occurring for many ROS-producing chemotherapeutic agents. Our work provides a rational explanation for the poor efficacy of YM155 compared to standard chemotherapy in clinical trials. Finally, the triple drug combination approach used herein might help reintroducing YM155 into the clinical pipeline, and given the high survivin expression in TNBC cells in general, it could be effective in treating this subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Haider
- Department
of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution
of Eminence, Greater Noida Gautam
Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Shayantani Chakraborty
- Department
of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution
of Eminence, Greater Noida Gautam
Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Independent
Researcher, Greater Noida Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department
of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution
of Eminence, Greater Noida Gautam
Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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3
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Kokot A, Gadakh S, Saha I, Gajda E, Łaźniewski M, Rakshit S, Sengupta K, Mollah AF, Denkiewicz M, Górczak K, Claesen J, Burzykowski T, Plewczynski D. Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Trastuzumab Resistance in SKBR3 and BT474 Cell Lines for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2713-2740. [PMID: 38534787 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer among women worldwide. Generally, the molecular characteristics of this breast cancer include activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and hormone receptor activation. HER2-positive is associated with a higher death rate, which led to the development of a monoclonal antibody called trastuzumab, specifically targeting HER2. The success rate of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment has been increased; however, drug resistance remains a challenge. This fact motivated us to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance. For this purpose, a two-fold approach was taken by considering well-known breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. In the first fold, trastuzumab treatment doses were optimized separately for both cell lines. This was done based on the proliferation rate of cells in response to a wide variety of medication dosages. Thereafter, each cell line was cultivated with a steady dosage of herceptin for several months. During this period, six time points were selected for further in vitro analysis, ranging from the untreated cell line at the beginning to a fully resistant cell line at the end of the experiment. In the second fold, nucleic acids were extracted for further high throughput-based microarray experiments of gene and microRNA expression. Such expression data were further analyzed in order to infer the molecular mechanisms involved in the underlying development of trastuzumab resistance. In the list of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, multiple genes (e.g., BIRC5, E2F1, TFRC, and USP1) and miRNAs (e.g., hsa miR 574 3p, hsa miR 4530, and hsa miR 197 3p) responsible for trastuzumab resistance were found. Downstream analysis showed that TFRC, E2F1, and USP1 were also targeted by hsa-miR-8485. Moreover, it indicated that miR-4701-5p was highly expressed as compared to TFRC in the SKBR3 cell line. These results unveil key genes and miRNAs as molecular regulators for trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokot
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sachin Gadakh
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Indrajit Saha
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Łaźniewski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Somnath Rakshit
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kaustav Sengupta
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Michał Denkiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górczak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Burzykowski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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4
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Fares J, Petrosyan E, Kanojia D, Dmello C, Cordero A, Duffy JT, Yeeravalli R, Sahani MH, Zhang P, Rashidi A, Arrieta VA, Ulasov I, Ahmed AU, Miska J, Balyasnikova IV, James CD, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS. Metixene is an incomplete autophagy inducer in preclinical models of metastatic cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161142. [PMID: 37847564 PMCID: PMC10721147 DOI: 10.1172/jci161142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A paucity of chemotherapeutic options for metastatic brain cancer limits patient survival and portends poor clinical outcomes. Using a CNS small-molecule inhibitor library of 320 agents known to be blood-brain barrier permeable and approved by the FDA, we interrogated breast cancer brain metastasis vulnerabilities to identify an effective agent. Metixene, an antiparkinsonian drug, was identified as a top therapeutic agent that was capable of decreasing cellular viability and inducing cell death across different metastatic breast cancer subtypes. This agent significantly reduced mammary tumor size in orthotopic xenograft assays and improved survival in an intracardiac model of multiorgan site metastases. Metixene further extended survival in mice bearing intracranial xenografts and in an intracarotid mouse model of multiple brain metastases. Functional analysis revealed that metixene induced incomplete autophagy through N-Myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) phosphorylation, thereby leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis in both primary and brain-metastatic cells, regardless of cancer subtype or origin. CRISPR/Cas9 KO of NDRG1 led to autophagy completion and reversal of the metixene apoptotic effect. Metixene is a promising therapeutic agent against metastatic brain cancer, with minimal reported side effects in humans, which merits consideration for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mayurbhai H. Sahani
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C. David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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Lučić I, Kurtović M, Mlinarić M, Piteša N, Čipak Gašparović A, Sabol M, Milković L. Deciphering Common Traits of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10683. [PMID: 37445860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) are among the most common and deadly cancers affecting women worldwide. Both are complex diseases with marked heterogeneity. Despite the induction of screening programs that increase the frequency of earlier diagnosis of BC, at a stage when the cancer is more likely to respond to therapy, which does not exist for OC, more than 50% of both cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Initial therapy can put the cancer into remission. However, recurrences occur frequently in both BC and OC, which are highly cancer-subtype dependent. Therapy resistance is mainly attributed to a rare subpopulation of cells, named cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor-initiating cells, as they are capable of self-renewal, tumor initiation, and regrowth of tumor bulk. In this review, we will discuss the distinctive markers and signaling pathways that characterize CSC, their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and the strategies they employ to evade immune surveillance. Our focus will be on identifying the common features of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) and suggesting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lučić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Kurtović
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Mlinarić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Piteša
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Fiascarelli A, Merlino G, Capano S, Talucci S, Bisignano D, Bressan A, Bellarosa D, Carrisi C, Paoli A, Bigioni M, Tunici P, Irrissuto C, Salerno M, Arribas J, de Stanchina E, Scaltriti M, Binaschi M. Antitumor activity of the PI3K δ-sparing inhibitor MEN1611 in PIK3CA mutated, trastuzumab-resistant HER2 + breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 199:13-23. [PMID: 36913051 PMCID: PMC10147754 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of the PI3K pathway is one of the most common events in breast cancer. Here we investigate the activity of the PI3K inhibitor MEN1611 at both molecular and phenotypic levels by dissecting and comparing its profile and efficacy in HER2 + breast cancer models with other PI3K inhibitors. METHODS Models with different genetic backgrounds were used to investigate the pharmacological profile of MEN1611 against other PI3K inhibitors. In vitro studies evaluated cell viability, PI3K signaling, and cell death upon treatment with MEN1611. In vivo efficacy of the compound was investigated in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts models. RESULTS Consistent with its biochemical selectivity, MEN1611 demonstrated lower cytotoxic activity in a p110δ-driven cellular model when compared to taselisib, and higher cytotoxic activity in the p110β-driven cellular model when compared to alpelisib. Moreover, MEN1611 selectively decreased the p110α protein levels in PIK3CA mutated breast cancer cells in a concentration- and proteasome-dependent manner. In vivo, MEN1611 monotherapy showed significant and durable antitumor activity in several trastuzumab-resistant PIK3CA-mutant HER2 + PDX models. The combination of trastuzumab and MEN1611 significantly improved the efficacy compared to single agent treatment. CONCLUSIONS The profile of MEN1611 and its antitumoral activity suggest an improved profile as compared to pan-inhibitors, which are limited by a less than ideal safety profile, and isoform selective molecules, which may potentially promote development of resistance mechanisms. The compelling antitumor activity in combination with trastuzumab in HER2 + trastuzumab-resistant, PIK3CA mutated breast cancer models is at the basis of the ongoing B-Precise clinical trial (NCT03767335).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fiascarelli
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Capano
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Talucci
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Bisignano
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bressan
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Carrisi
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoli
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Bigioni
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tunici
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Irrissuto
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salerno
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Preclinical and Translational Research Program Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, 28029, Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Binaschi
- Menarini Group, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Tito Speri 10, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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7
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Moon SJ, Choi HJ, Kye YH, Jeong GY, Kim HY, Myung JK, Kong G. CTTN Overexpression Confers Cancer Stem Cell-like Properties and Trastuzumab Resistance via DKK-1/WNT Signaling in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041168. [PMID: 36831511 PMCID: PMC9954024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the therapeutic success of trastuzumab, HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients continue to face significant difficulties due to innate or acquired drug resistance. In this study we explored the potential role of CTTN in inducing trastuzumab resistance of HER2+ breast cancers. METHODS Genetic changes of CTTN and survival of HER2+ breast cancer patients were analyzed in multiple breast cancer patient cohorts (METABRIC, TCGA, Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, and Hanyang University cohort). The effect of CTTN on cancer stem cell activity was assessed using the tumorsphere formation, ALDEFLUOR assay, and by in vivo xenograft experiments. CTTN-induced trastuzumab resistance was assessed by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, colony formation assays, and in vivo xenograft model. RNA-seq analysis was used to clarify the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance conferred by CTTN. RESULTS Survival analysis indicated that CTTN overexpression is related to a poor prognosis in HER2+ breast cancers (OS, p = 0.05 in the Hanyang University cohort; OS, p = 0.0014 in KM plotter; OS, p = 0.008 and DFS, p = 0.010 in METABRIC). CTTN overexpression-induced cancer stem cell-like characteristics in experiments of tumorsphere formation, ALDEFLUOR assays, and in vivo limiting dilution assays. CTTN overexpression resulted in trastuzumab resistance in SRB, colony formation assays, and in vivo xenograft models. Mechanistically, the mRNA and protein levels of DKK-1, a Wnt antagonist, were downregulated by CTTN. Treatment of the β-catenin/TCF inhibitor reversed CTTN-induced cancer stem cell-like properties in vitro. Combination treatment with trastuzumab and β-catenin/TCF inhibitor overcame trastuzumab resistance conferred by CTTN overexpression in in vitro colony formation assays. CONCLUSIONS CTTN activates DKK-1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling to induce trastuzumab resistance. We propose that CTTN is a novel biomarker indicating a poor prognosis and a possible therapeutic target for overcoming trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jeong Moon
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeon Kye
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2290-8251; Fax: +82-2-2295-1091
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8
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Kola P, Nagesh PKB, Roy PK, Deepak K, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Mandal M. Innovative nanotheranostics: Smart nanoparticles based approach to overcome breast cancer stem cells mediated chemo- and radioresistances. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1876. [PMID: 36600447 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in the number of breast cancer patients worldwide and the increasing death rate indicate that the traditional and current medicines are insufficient to fight against it. The onset of chemo- and radioresistances and cancer stem cell-based recurrence make this problem harder, and this hour needs a novel treatment approach. Competent nanoparticle-based accurate drug delivery and cancer nanotheranostics like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and sonodynamic therapy can be the key to solving this problem due to their unique characteristics. These innovative formulations can be a better cargo with fewer side effects than the standard chemotherapy and can eliminate the stability problems associated with cancer immunotherapy. The nanotheranostic systems can kill the tumor cells and the resistant breast cancer stem cells by novel mechanisms like local hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species and prevent tumor recurrence. These theranostic systems can also combine with chemotherapy or immunotherapy approaches. These combining approaches can be the future of anticancer therapy, especially to overcome the breast cancer stem cells mediated chemo- and radioresistances. This review paper discusses several novel theranostic systems and smart nanoparticles, their mechanism of action, and their modifications with time. It explains their relevance and market scope in the current era. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithwish Kola
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - K Deepak
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rui Luis Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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9
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The role of HER2 alterations in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of breast cancer and HER2-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:210. [PMID: 36175719 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, despite significant treatment advancements over the last decades. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases which have long been known to mediate cancer cell growth and invasion through constitutive activation of oncogenic downstream signaling, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK. Overexpression/amplification of HER2 in various tumors, especially BC, offers the possible therapeutic potential for target therapies. HER2-targeted therapies, either with a combination of chemotherapy or through multi-anti-HER2 therapies without chemotherapy, have significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive tumors. In recent years, novel anti-HER2 agents and combination therapies have garnered much attention, especially for heavily treated advanced or metastatic BCs. HER2-positive BC is biologically a heterogeneous group depending on HER2 activation mechanisms, hormone receptor status, genome variations, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance, which affect the treatment benefit and patients' outcomes. This review will discuss HER2 alternations (gene amplification or receptor overexpression) in BC, their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and molecular characteristics, and HER2-based therapies in tumors with HER2 overexpression/amplification.
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10
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Blocking Gi/o-Coupled Signaling Eradicates Cancer Stem Cells and Sensitizes Breast Tumors to HER2-Targeted Therapies to Inhibit Tumor Relapse. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071719. [PMID: 35406489 PMCID: PMC8997047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with therapeutic resistance and tumor relapse but effective approaches for eliminating CSCs are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating CSCs in breast cancer. We showed that a subgroup of GPCRs that coupled to Gi/o proteins (Gi/o-GPCRs) was required for maintaining the tumor-forming capability of CSCs in HER2+ breast cancer. Targeting Gi/o-GPCRs or their downstream PI3K/AKT and Src pathways was able to enhance HER2-targeted elimination of CSCs and therapeutic efficacy. These findings suggest that targeting Gi/o-GPCR signaling is an effective strategy for eradicating CSCs, enhancing HER2+ targeted therapy and blocking tumor recurrence. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors that are resistant to anti-tumor therapies, making them a likely origin of tumor relapse after treatment. In many cancers including breast cancer, CSC function is regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), making GPCR signaling an attractive target for new therapies designed to eradicate CSCs. Yet, CSCs overexpress multiple GPCRs that are redundant in maintaining CSC function, so it is unclear how to target all the various GPCRs to prevent relapse. Here, in a model of HER2+ breast cancer (i.e., transgenic MMTV-Neu mice), we were able to block the tumorsphere- and tumor-forming capability of CSCs by targeting GPCRs coupled to Gi/o proteins (Gi/o-GPCRs). Similarly, in HER2+ breast cancer cells, blocking signaling downstream of Gi/o-GPCRs in the PI3K/AKT and Src pathways also enhanced HER2-targeted elimination of CSCs. In a proof-of-concept study, when CSCs were selectively ablated (via a suicide gene construct), loss of CSCs from HER2+ breast cancer cell populations mimicked the effect of targeting Gi/o-GPCR signaling, suppressing their capacity for tumor initiation and progression and enhancing HER2-targeted therapy. Thus, targeting Gi/o-GPCR signaling in HER2+ breast cancer is a promising approach for eradicating CSCs, enhancing HER2+ targeted therapy and blocking tumor reemergence.
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11
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Pupa SM, Ligorio F, Cancila V, Franceschini A, Tripodo C, Vernieri C, Castagnoli L. HER2 Signaling and Breast Cancer Stem Cells: The Bridge behind HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Therapy Refractoriness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194778. [PMID: 34638263 PMCID: PMC8507865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer (BC) is not a single disease, but a group of different tumors, and altered HER2 expression defines a particularly aggressive subtype. Although HER2 pharmacological inhibition has dramatically improved the prognosis of HER2-positive BC patients, there is still an urgent need for improved knowledge of HER2 biology and mechanisms underlying HER2-driven aggressiveness and drug susceptibility. Emerging data suggest that the clinical efficacy of molecularly targeted therapies is related to their ability to target breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a population that is not only self-sustaining and able to differentiate into distinct lineages, but also contributes to tumor growth, aggressiveness, metastasis and treatment resistance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how the full-length HER2 receptor, the d16HER2 splice variant and the truncated p95HER2 variants are involved in the regulation and maintenance of BCSCs. Abstract HER2 overexpression/amplification occurs in 15–20% of breast cancers (BCs) and identifies a highly aggressive BC subtype. Recent clinical progress has increased the cure rates of limited-stage HER2-positive BC and significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with advanced disease; however, drug resistance and tumor recurrence remain major concerns. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase knowledge regarding HER2 biology and implement available treatments. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of malignant cells capable of unlimited self-renewal and differentiation and are mainly considered to contribute to tumor onset, aggressiveness, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Seminal studies have highlighted the key role of altered HER2 signaling in the maintenance/enrichment of breast CSCs (BCSCs) and elucidated its bidirectional communication with stemness-related pathways, such as the Notch and Wingless/β-catenin cascades. d16HER2, a splice variant of full-length HER2 mRNA, has been identified as one of the most oncogenic HER2 isoform significantly implicated in tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/stemness and the response to targeted therapy. In addition, expression of a heterogeneous collection of HER2 truncated carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs), collectively known as p95HER2, identifies a peculiar subgroup of HER2-positive BC with poor prognosis, with the p95HER2 variants being able to regulate CSC features. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding HER2-/d16HER2-/p95HER2-positive BCSCs in the context of the signaling pathways governing their properties and describes the future prospects for targeting these components to achieve long-lasting tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella M. Pupa
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, AmadeoLab, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-022-390-2573; Fax: +39-022-390-2692
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); or (C.V.)
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Alma Franceschini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, AmadeoLab, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); or (C.V.)
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Castagnoli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, AmadeoLab, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.)
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12
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Wani TH, Chowdhury G, Chakrabarty A. Generation of reactive oxygen species is the primary mode of action and cause of survivin suppression by sepantronium bromide (YM155). RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:566-578. [PMID: 34046628 PMCID: PMC8128069 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a lucrative broad-spectrum drug target for different cancer types, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Sepantronium bromide (YM155) is the first of its class of survivin suppressants and was found to be quite effective in pre-clinical models of TNBC. However, in clinical trials when given in combination with docetaxel, YM55 failed to provide any added advantage. To understand if the clinical outcome is due to YM155 being ineffective or due to an inappropriate choice of combination, we need to elucidate its true mode of action. Hence, to explain the unexpected and unexplained observations pertaining to YM155 biology and its mode of action, we developed isogenic pairs of YM155-sensitive and -resistant TNBC cell lines and characterized them in detail by various biochemical assays. We found that YM155 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria in addition to the previously discovered redox cycling pathway. Both survivin suppression and DNA damage are secondary effects resulting from the ROS which contribute to the drug's cytotoxic effects on TNBC cells. Indeed, adaptation to both these pathways was important in conferring YM155 resistance. Finally, we uncovered a unique connection between the ROS and control of survivin expression involving a ROS/AKT/FoxO/survivin axis in TNBC cells. Together, by deciphering the true mode of action of YM155, we present a possible explanation for its poor clinical efficacy when used in combination with docetaxel. The results and conclusions presented here provide the information needed to effectively use YM155 in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasaduq Hussain Wani
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida UP 201314 India
| | | | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida UP 201314 India
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13
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Qiu Y, Yang L, Liu H, Luo X. Cancer stem cell-targeted therapeutic approaches for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1125-1136. [PMID: 33837587 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of the anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with the HER2-positive subtype of breast cancer. However, 50% of patients with HER2 amplification relapse due to trastuzumab resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that breast cancer is driven by a small subset of cancer-initiating cells or breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate to regenerate the tumor cell hierarchy. Increasing data suggest that BCSCs are resistant to conventional therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy, which drives distant metastasis and breast cancer relapse. In recent years, the trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer has been closely related to the prevalence of BCSCs. Here, our primary focus is to discuss the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCSCs in the setting of trastuzumab resistance and approaches of reducing or eradicating BCSCs in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Systematic Analysis of the Transcriptome Profiles and Co-Expression Networks of Tumour Endothelial Cells Identifies Several Tumour-Associated Modules and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081768. [PMID: 33917186 PMCID: PMC8067977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with tumour associated liver endothelial cells being thought to be major drivers in HCC progression. This study aims to compare the gene expression profiles of tumour endothelial cells from the liver with endothelial cells from non-tumour liver tissue, to identify perturbed biologic functions, co-expression modules, and potentially drugable hub genes that could give rise to novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) showed that cell growth-related pathways were upregulated, whereas apoptosis induction, immune and inflammatory-related pathways were downregulated in tumour endothelial cells. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified several modules strongly associated to tumour endothelial cells or angiogenic activated endothelial cells with high endoglin (ENG) expression. In tumour cells, upregulated modules were associated with cell growth, cell proliferation, and DNA-replication, whereas downregulated modules were involved in immune functions, particularly complement activation. In ENG+ cells, upregulated modules were associated with cell adhesion and endothelial functions. One downregulated module was associated with immune system-related functions. Querying the STRING database revealed known functional-interaction networks underlying the modules. Several possible hub genes were identified, of which some (for example FEN1, BIRC5, NEK2, CDKN3, and TTK) are potentially druggable as determined by querying the Drug Gene Interaction database. In summary, our study provides a detailed picture of the transcriptomic differences between tumour and non-tumour endothelium in the liver on a co-expression network level, indicates several potential therapeutic targets and presents an analysis workflow that can be easily adapted to other projects.
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15
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Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate diverse biological processes, affecting development, metabolism, stem cell maintenance and longevity. They have also been increasingly recognised as tumour suppressors through their ability to regulate genes essential for cell proliferation, cell death, senescence, angiogenesis, cell migration and metastasis. Mechanistically, FOXO proteins serve as key connection points to allow diverse proliferative, nutrient and stress signals to converge and integrate with distinct gene networks to control cell fate, metabolism and cancer development. In consequence, deregulation of FOXO expression and function can promote genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, deregulated ageing and cancer. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumour often via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system and is the major cause of cancer death. The regulation and deregulation of FOXO transcription factors occur predominantly at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels mediated by regulatory non-coding RNAs, their interactions with other protein partners and co-factors and a combination of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. This review discusses the role and regulation of FOXO proteins in tumour initiation and progression, with a particular emphasis on cancer metastasis. An understanding of how signalling networks integrate with the FOXO transcription factors to modulate their developmental, metabolic and tumour-suppressive functions in normal tissues and in cancer will offer a new perspective on tumorigenesis and metastasis, and open up therapeutic opportunities for malignant diseases.
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16
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Stoessel A, Groysbeck N, Guyot L, Barret L, Nominé Y, Nguekeu-Zebaze L, Bender A, Voilquin L, Lutz T, Pallaoro N, Blocat M, Deville C, Masson M, Zuber G, Chatton B, Donzeau M. Modular Conjugation of a Potent Anti-HER2 Immunotoxin Using Coassociating Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2421-2430. [PMID: 32996763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotoxins are emerging candidates for cancer therapeutics. These biomolecules consist of a cell-targeting protein combined to a polypeptide toxin. Associations of both entities can be achieved either chemically by covalent bonds or genetically creating fusion proteins. However, chemical agents can affect the activity and/or stability of the conjugate proteins, and additional purification steps are often required to isolate the final conjugate from unwanted byproducts. As for fusion proteins, they often suffer from low solubility and yield. In this report, we describe a straightforward conjugation process to generate an immunotoxin using coassociating peptides (named K3 and E3), originating from the tetramerization domain of p53. To that end, a nanobody targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (nano-HER2) and a protein toxin fragment from Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (TOX) were genetically fused to the E3 and K3 peptides. Entities were produced separately in Escherichia coli in soluble forms and at high yields. The nano-HER2 fused to the E3 or K3 helixes (nano-HER2-E3 and nano-HER2-K3) and the coassembled immunotoxins (nano-HER2-K3E3-TOX and nano-HER2-E3K3-TOX) presented binding specificity on HER2-overexpressing cells with relative binding constants in the low nanomolar to picomolar range. Both toxin modules (E3-TOX and K3-TOX) and the combined immunotoxins exhibited similar cytotoxicity levels compared to the toxin alone (TOX). Finally, nano-HER2-K3E3-TOX and nano-HER2-E3K3-TOX evaluated on various breast cancer cells were highly potent and specific to killing HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the picomolar range. Altogether, we demonstrate that this noncovalent conjugation method using two coassembling peptides can be easily implemented for the modular engineering of immunotoxins targeting different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Stoessel
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadja Groysbeck
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Lucile Guyot
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-67412 Illkirch, France
- NovAliX, Bioparc, F-67405 Illkirch, France
| | - Lina Barret
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Nominé
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Leonel Nguekeu-Zebaze
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Ambre Bender
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Nikita Pallaoro
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Blocat
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Celia Deville
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Murielle Masson
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Mariel Donzeau
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
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17
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Hou Y, Li H, Huo W. THBS4 silencing regulates the cancer stem cell-like properties in prostate cancer via blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. Prostate 2020; 80:753-763. [PMID: 32421868 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although thrombospondins 4 (THBS4) participates in controlling the biology of prostate cancer (PCa), the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unknown. Hence, this study aims to identify the regulatory effects of THBS4 on the PCa stem cell-like properties and the potential mechanism associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. METHODS PCa stem cells were sorted and identified using flow cytometry and THBS4 expression in the identified PCa stem cells was measured using Western blot assay. THBS4 was overexpressed or silenced in PCa stem cells, following which, self-renewal, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of PCa stem cells were assessed as well as tumorigenicity in vivo was evaluated. PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor was applied to identify its involvement in the regulatory roles of THBS4 in PCa stem cells. RESULTS THBS4 was expressed at a higher level in PCa stem cells than in PCa cells. The overexpression of THBS4 promoted the self-renewal and proliferation, curbed the apoptosis of PCa stem cells, and enhanced the in vivo tumorigenicity, which was achieved by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. On the contrary, short-hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of THBS4 exhibited suppressive effects on those cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties and promotive effects on their apoptosis. CONCLUSION THBS4 silencing can impede the CSC-like properties in PCa via blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides patients with PCa a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Huo
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Phenotypic changes of HER2-positive breast cancer during and after dual HER2 blockade. Nat Commun 2020; 11:385. [PMID: 31959756 PMCID: PMC6971277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype within HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is highly addicted to the HER2 pathway. However, ∼20-60% of HER2+/HER2-E tumors do not achieve a complete response following anti-HER2 therapies. Here we evaluate gene expression data before, during and after neoadjuvant treatment with lapatinib and trastuzumab in HER2+/HER2-E tumors of the PAMELA trial and breast cancer cell lines. Our results reveal that dual HER2 blockade in HER2-E disease induces a low-proliferative Luminal A phenotype both in patient's tumors and in vitro models. These biological changes are more evident in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease compared to HR-negative disease. Interestingly, increasing the luminal phenotype with anti-HER2 therapy increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. Finally, discontinuation of HER2-targeted therapy in vitro, or acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy, leads to restoration of the original HER2-E phenotype. Our findings support the use of maintenance anti-HER2 therapy and the therapeutic exploitation of subtype switching with CDK4/6 inhibition.
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19
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Morshneva A, Gnedina O, Marusova T, Igotti M. Expression of Adenoviral E1A in Transformed Cells as an Additional Factor of HDACi-Dependent FoxO Regulation. Cells 2019; 9:E97. [PMID: 31906031 PMCID: PMC7016946 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) protein has proapoptotic and angiogenic activity, along with its chemosensitizing effect, making it the focus of increased interest in the context of cancer therapy. It was previously shown that E1A-induced chemosensitization to different drugs, including histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi), appears to be mediated by Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors. In this study, we explore the relationship between E1A expression and the modulation of FoxO activity with HDACi sodium butyrate (NaBut). We show here that the basal FoxO level is elevated in E1A-expressing cells. Prolonged NaBut treatment leads to the inhibition of the FoxO expression and activity in E1A-expressing cells. However, in E1A-negative cells, NaBut promotes the transactivation ability of FoxO over time. A more detailed investigation revealed that the NaBut-induced decrease of FoxO activity in E1A-expressing cells is due to the NaBut-dependent decrease in E1A expression. Therefore, NaBut-induced inhibition of FoxO in E1A-positive cells can be overcome under unregulated overexpression of E1A. Remarkably, the CBP/p300-binding domain of E1Aad5 is responsible for stabilization of the FoxO protein. Collectively, these data show that the expression of E1A increases the FoxO stability but makes the FoxO level more sensitive to HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Igotti
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.M.); (O.G.); (T.M.)
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20
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Oh J, Lee BS, Lim G, Lim H, Lee CJ, Park S, Lee SH, Chung JH, Kang SM. Atorvastatin protects cardiomyocyte from doxorubicin toxicity by modulating survivin expression through FOXO1 inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:244-255. [PMID: 31866378 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has an anti-apoptotic effect against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Clinically, statin use is associated with a lower risk for heart failure in breast cancer patients with anthracycline chemotherapy. So, the purpose of our study was to investigate whether survivin mediates the protective effect of statin against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Mice were treated once a week with 5 mg/kg doxorubicin for 4 weeks with or without atorvastatin 20 mg/kg every day then heart tissues were analyzed. Molecular and cellular biology analyses were performed with H9c2 cell lysates. RESULTS Doxorubicin suppressed survivin expression via activation of FOXO1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Whereas, atorvastatin inhibited FOXO1 by increasing phosphorylation and inhibiting nuclear localization. Doxorubicin induced FOXO1 binding to STAT3 and prevented STAT3 from interacting with Sp1. However, atorvastatin inhibited these interactions and stabilized STAT3/Sp1 transcription complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that doxorubicin decreased STAT3/Sp1 complex binding to survivin promoter, whereas atorvastatin stabilized this binding. In mouse model, atorvastatin rescued doxorubicin-induced reduction of survivin expression and of heart function measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested a new pathophysiologic mechanism that survivin mediated protective effect of atorvastatin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via FOXO1/STAT3/Sp1 transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seob Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lim
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Lim
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Zou Y, Lin X, Bu J, Lin Z, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Mo H, Tang Y, Fang W, Wu Z. Timeless-Stimulated miR-5188-FOXO1/β-Catenin-c-Jun Feedback Loop Promotes Stemness via Ubiquitination of β-Catenin in Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 28:313-327. [PMID: 31604679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCCs). Our study aimed to clarify the role of proto-oncogene c-Jun-regulated miR-5188 in breast cancer progression and its association with Timeless-mediated cancer stemness. In the present study, we showed that miR-5188 exerted an oncogenic effect by inducing breast cancer stemness, proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that miR-5188 directly targeted FOXO1, which interacted with β-catenin in the cytoplasm, facilitated β-catenin degradation, and impaired the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, thus stimulating the activation of known Wnt targets, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and key regulators of cancer stemness. Moreover, miR-5188 potentiated Wnt/β-catenin/c-Jun signaling to promote breast cancer progression. Interestingly, c-Jun enhanced miR-5188 transcription to form a positive regulatory loop, and Timeless interacted with Sp1/c-Jun to induce miR-5188 expression by promoting c-Jun-mediated transcription, which further activated miR-5188-FOXO1/β-catenin-c-Jun loop and facilitated breast cancer progression. Importantly, miR-5188 was upregulated in breast cancer and was positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. This study identifies miR-5188 as a novel oncomiR and provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical use of miR-5188 antagonists in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zou
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Junguo Bu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zelong Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yunhui Qiu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Haiyue Mo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China.
| | - Ziqing Wu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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22
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Lopez G, Costanza J, Colleoni M, Fontana L, Ferrero S, Miozzo M, Fusco N. Molecular Insights into the Classification of Luminal Breast Cancers: The Genomic Heterogeneity of Progesterone-Negative Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E510. [PMID: 30691046 PMCID: PMC6386970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancers are infrequent but clinically challenging. Despite the volume of genomic data available on these tumors, their biology remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to identify clinically relevant subclasses of ER+/PR- breast cancers based on their mutational landscape. The Cancer Genomics Data Server was interrogated for mutational and clinical data of all ER+ breast cancers with information on PR status from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) projects. Clustering analysis was performed using gplots, ggplot2, and ComplexHeatmap packages. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Student's t-test and the test of Equal or Given Proportions. Survival curves were built according to the Kaplan⁻Meier method; differences in survival were assessed with the log-rank test. A total of 3570 ER+ breast cancers (PR- n = 959, 27%; PR+ n = 2611, 73%) were analyzed. Mutations in well-known cancer genes such as TP53, GATA3, CDH1, HER2, CDH1, and BRAF were private to or enriched for in PR- tumors. Mutual exclusivity analysis revealed the presence of four molecular clusters with significantly different prognosis on the basis of PIK3CA and TP53 status. ER+/PR- breast cancers are genetically heterogeneous and encompass a variety of distinct entities in terms of prognostic and predictive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lopez
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jole Costanza
- Research Laboratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Colleoni
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Research Laboratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Beretta GL, Corno C, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Role of FoxO Proteins in Cellular Response to Antitumor Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010090. [PMID: 30646603 PMCID: PMC6356788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxO proteins (FoxOs) are transcription factors with a common DNA binding domain that confers selectivity for DNA interaction. In human cells, four proteins (FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6), with redundant activity, exhibit mainly a positive effect on genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis regulation and drug resistance. Thus, FoxOs can affect cell response to antitumor agent treatment. Their transcriptional activity depends on post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and mono/poly-ubiquitination. Additionally, alterations in microRNA network impact on FoxO transcripts and in turn on FoxO levels. Reduced expression of FoxO1 has been associated with resistance to conventional agents (e.g., cisplatin) and with reduced efficacy of drug combinations in ovarian carcinoma cells. FoxO3 has been shown as a mediator of cisplatin toxicity in colorectal cancer. A requirement for FoxO3-induced apoptosis has been reported in cells exposed to targeted agents (e.g., gefitinib). Recently, the possibility to interfere with FoxO1 localization has been proposed as a valuable approach to improve cell sensitivity to cisplatin, because nuclear retention of FoxO1 may favor the induction of pro-apoptotic genes. This review focuses on the role of FoxOs in drug treatment response in tumor cells and discusses the impact of the expression of these transcription factors on drug resistance/sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Ghasabi M, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Duijf PH, Shomali N, Shirafkan N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. MicroRNAs in cancer drug resistance: Basic evidence and clinical applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2152-2168. [PMID: 30146724 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of drug resistance has considerably limited the efficacy of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the innate or the acquired resistance to these therapies is critical to improve drug efficiency and clinical outcomes. Several studies have implicated microRNAs (miRNA) in this process. MiRNAs repress gene expression by specific binding to complementary sequences in the 3' region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), followed by target mRNA degradation or blocked translation. By targeting molecules specific to a particular pathway within tumor cells, the new generation of cancer treatment strategies has shown significant advantages over conventional chemotherapy. However, the long-term efficacy of targeted therapies often remains poor, because tumor cells develop resistance to such therapeutics. Targeted therapies often involve monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as those blocking the ErB/HER tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor (cetuximab) and HER2 (trastuzumab), and those inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling (e.g., bevacizumab). Even though these are among the most used agents in tumor medicine, clinical response to these drugs is reduced due to the emergence of drug resistance as a result of toxic effects in the tumor microenvironment. Research on different types of human cancers has revealed that aberrant expression of miRNAs promotes resistance to the aforementioned drugs. In this study, we review the mechanisms of tumor cell resistance to mAb therapies and the role of miRNAs therein. Emerging treatment strategies combine therapies using innovative miRNA mimics or antagonizers with conventional approaches to maximize outcomes of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Ghasabi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal Hg Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Shirafkan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Tang L, Long Z, Zhao N, Feng G, Guo X, Yu M. NES1/KLK10 promotes trastuzumab resistance via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6398-6407. [PMID: 29231994 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab, a humanized antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), exhibits remarkable therapeutic efficacy against HER2-positive gastric cancer. Acquired resistance to trastuzumab remains a barrier to patient survival and the mechanisms underlying this are still not well understood. The normal epithelial cell-specific-1 (NES1) gene, also named as KLK10, is recognized as a potential therapeutic target for reversing trastuzumab resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of KLK10 in trastuzumab resistance (TR) gastric cancer cells. We found that KLK10 was significantly upregulated in trastuzumab-resistant cell lines, SGC7901-TR and BGC-823-TR. In addition, down regulation of KLK10 reversed the resistance in trastuzumab resistant cells. Overexpression of KLK10 induced trastuzumab resistance, and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, while downregulation of KLK10 presented the opposite effects. Moreover, when the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the effect of KLK10 on resistance was diminished. Furthermore, combination of trastuzumab and PI3K/AKT inhibitor XL147 effectively inhibited tumor growth in KLK10-overexpressing xenografts. Taken together, our findings show that KLK10 promotes trastuzumab resistance, at least in part, through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that KLK10 is a potentially target to overcome trastuzumab resistance, and the combination might overcome trastuzumab resistance in KLK10-overexpressed gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqin Tang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Long
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjia Feng
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhi Guo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Buiga P, Elson A, Tabernero L, Schwartz JM. Regulation of dual specificity phosphatases in breast cancer during initial treatment with Herceptin: a Boolean model analysis. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29671404 PMCID: PMC5907139 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background 25% of breast cancer patients suffer from aggressive HER2-positive tumours that are characterised by overexpression of the HER2 protein or by its increased tyrosine kinase activity. Herceptin is a major drug used to treat HER2 positive breast cancer. Understanding the molecular events that occur when breast cancer cells are exposed to Herceptin is therefore of significant importance. Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are central regulators of cell signalling that function downstream of HER2, but their role in the cellular response to Herceptin is mostly unknown. This study aims to model the initial effects of Herceptin exposure on DUSPs in HER2-positive breast cancer cells using Boolean modelling. Results We experimentally measured expression time courses of 21 different DUSPs between 0 and 24 h following Herceptin treatment of human MDA-MB-453 HER2-positive breast cancer cells. We clustered these time courses into patterns of similar dynamics over time. In parallel, we built a series of Boolean models representing the known regulatory mechanisms of DUSPs and then demonstrated that the dynamics predicted by the models is in agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, we used the models to predict regulatory mechanisms of DUSPs, where these mechanisms were partially known. Conclusions Boolean modelling is a powerful technique to investigate and understand signalling pathways. We obtained an understanding of different regulatory pathways in breast cancer and new insights on how these signalling pathways are activated. This method can be generalized to other drugs and longer time courses to better understand how resistance to drugs develops in cancer cells over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0534-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Buiga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Tan C, Hu W, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Xu Y, Tang J. Cytokine-mediated therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. Cytokine 2018; 108:151-159. [PMID: 29609137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance leading to tumor relapse is a major challenge in breast cancer (BCa) treatment. Numerous factors involved in multiple mechanisms promote the development of tumor chemo/radio-resistance. Cytokines/chemokines are important inflammatory factors and highly related to tumorigenesis, metastasis and tumors responses to treatment. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the network of cytokines activates multiple cell signaling pathways to promote tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration. Particularly in BCa, cytokines-enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays a pivotal role in the progression of metastatic phenotypes and resistance to the traditional chemo/radio-therapy. Virtually, therapeutic resistance is not entirely determined by tumor cell intrinsic characteristics but also dependent upon synchronized effects by numerous of local microenvironmental factors. Emerging evidence highlighted that exosomes secreted from various types of cells promote intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules including miRNAs and cytokines, suggesting that exosomes are essential for sustentation of tumor progression and therapeutic resistance within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which cytokines promote therapeutic resistance of BCa and suggest a potential approach for improving BCa therapeutics by inhibition of exosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weizi Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yunjie He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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28
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Pistilli B, Pluard T, Urruticoechea A, Farci D, Kong A, Bachelot T, Chan S, Han HS, Jerusalem G, Urban P, Robinson D, Mouhaër SL, Tomaso ED, Massacesi C, Saura C. Phase II study of buparlisib (BKM120) and trastuzumab in patients with HER2+ locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab-based therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:357-364. [PMID: 29198055 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A Phase Ib study in patients with trastuzumab-resistant, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2- (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer defined the recommended Phase II dose of buparlisib as 100 mg/day in combination with 2 mg/kg weekly trastuzumab, and reported preliminary signs of clinical activity. Here we present results from the Phase II portion. METHODS Patients with trastuzumab-resistant, HER2-positive advanced breast cancer received buparlisib plus trastuzumab. Study endpoints included safety/tolerability and antitumour activity. The study was extended to include a Phase Ib dose-escalation phase, in which patients with progressive brain metastases also received capecitabine. RESULTS In the Phase II portion, of 50 patients treated with buparlisib and trastuzumab, the most common (≥ 30%) all-grade adverse events (AEs) were diarrhoea (54%), nausea (48%), decreased appetite, increased alanine aminotransferase (36% each), increased aspartate aminotransferase (34%), fatigue, rash (32% each), cough and hyperglycemia (30% each). One (2%) patient achieved complete response and four (8%) patients had confirmed partial responses [PR; including two patients with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathway-activated tumours]. Overall response rate (ORR) was 10%: the primary endpoint (ORR ≥ 25%) was therefore not met. In the Phase Ib portion, all patients with measurable brain lesions at baseline showed tumour shrinkage to some degree; due to low enrollment, maximum tolerated dose of buparlisib in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine was not determined. CONCLUSION Buparlisib plus trastuzumab, as a chemotherapy-free regimen, demonstrated an acceptable safety profile but limited efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated, trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, and in patients with progressive brain metastases also receiving capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pistilli
- Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
| | - T Pluard
- Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - A Urruticoechea
- Onkologikoa Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Farci
- Ospedale Oncologico, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Kong
- University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - T Bachelot
- Centre Léon Bérard et Inserm U1052, Lyon, France
| | - S Chan
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - H S Han
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G Jerusalem
- CHU Sart Tilman Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Urban
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Robinson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S L Mouhaër
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - E D Tomaso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Syros Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - C Massacesi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - C Saura
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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Yao S, Fan LYN, Lam EWF. The FOXO3-FOXM1 axis: A key cancer drug target and a modulator of cancer drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:77-89. [PMID: 29180117 PMCID: PMC6565931 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The FOXO3 and FOXM1 forkhead box transcription factors, functioning downstream of the essential PI3K-Akt, Ras-ERK and JNK/p38MAPK signalling cascades, are crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, senescence, DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. The development of resistance to both conventional and newly emerged molecularly targeted therapies is a major challenge confronting current cancer treatment in the clinic. Intriguingly, the mechanisms of resistance to ‘classical’ cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to molecularly targeted therapies are invariably linked to deregulated signalling through the FOXO3 and FOXM1 transcription factors. This is owing to the involvement of FOXO3 and FOXM1 in the regulation of genes linked to crucial drug action-related cellular processes, including stem cell renewal, DNA repair, cell survival, drug efflux, and deregulated mitosis. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis, as well as their downstream transcriptional targets and functions, may render these proteins reliable and early diagnostic/prognostic factors as well as crucial therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and importantly, for overcoming chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Hou T, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. Mechanisms controlling the anti-neoplastic functions of FoxO proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:101-114. [PMID: 29155239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that predominantly function as tumor suppressors. These proteins assume diverse roles in the cellular anti-neoplastic response, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, cancer metabolism, cell-cycle arrest, oxidative stress and the DNA damage response. More recently, FoxO proteins have been implicated in cancer immunity and cancer stem-cell (CSC) homeostasis. Interestingly, in some sporadic sub-populations, FoxO protein function may also be manipulated by factors such as β-catenin whereby they instead can facilitate cancer progression via maintenance of CSC properties or promoting drug resistance or metastasis and invasion. This review highlights the essential biological functions of FoxOs and explores the areas that may be exploited in FoxO protein signaling pathways in the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Schwarz LJ, Hutchinson KE, Rexer BN, Estrada MV, Gonzalez Ericsson PI, Sanders ME, Dugger TC, Formisano L, Guerrero-Zotano A, Red-Brewer M, Young CD, Lantto J, Pedersen MW, Kragh M, Horak ID, Arteaga CL. An ERBB1-3 Neutralizing Antibody Mixture With High Activity Against Drug-Resistant HER2+ Breast Cancers With ERBB Ligand Overexpression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3861234. [PMID: 29059433 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasticity of the ERBB receptor network has been suggested to cause acquired resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies. Thus, we studied whether a novel approach using an ERBB1-3-neutralizing antibody mixture can block these compensatory mechanisms of resistance. Methods HER2+ cell lines and xenografts (n ≥ 6 mice per group) were treated with the ERBB1-3 antibody mixture Pan-HER, trastuzumab/lapatinib (TL), trastuzumab/pertuzumab (TP), or T-DM1. Downregulation of ERBB receptors was assessed by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Paired pre- and post-T-DM1 tumor biopsies from patients (n = 11) with HER2-amplified breast cancer were evaluated for HER2 and P-HER3 expression by immunohistochemistry and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. ERBB ligands were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Drug-resistant cells were generated by chronic treatment with T-DM1. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Treatment with Pan-HER inhibited growth and promoted degradation of ERBB1-3 receptors in a panel of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Compared with TL, TP, and T-DM1, Pan-HER induced a similar antitumor effect against established BT474 and HCC1954 tumors, but was superior to TL against MDA-361 xenografts (TL mean = 2026 mm 3 , SD = 924 mm 3 , vs Pan-HER mean = 565 mm 3 , SD = 499 mm 3 , P = .04). Pan-HER-treated BT474 xenografts did not recur after treatment discontinuation, whereas tumors treated with TL, TP, and T-DM1 did. Post-TP and post-T-DM1 recurrent tumors expressed higher levels of neuregulin-1 (NRG1), HER3 and P-HER3 (all P < .05). Higher levels of P-HER3 protein and NRG1 mRNA were also observed in HER2+ breast cancers progressing after T-DM1 and trastuzumab (NRG1 transcript fold change ± SD; pretreatment = 2, SD = 1.9, vs post-treatment = 11.4, SD = 10.3, P = .04). The HER3-neutralizing antibody LJM716 resensitized the drug-resistant cells to T-DM1, suggesting a causal association between the NRG1-HER3 axis and drug resistance. Finally, Pan-HER treatment inhibited growth of HR6 trastuzumab- and T-DM1-resistant xenografts. Conclusions These data suggest that upregulation of a NRG1-HER3 axis can mediate escape from anti-HER2 therapies. Further, multitargeted antibody mixtures, such as Pan-HER, can simultaneously remove and/or block targeted ERBB receptor and ligands, thus representing an effective approach against drug-sensitive and -resistant HER2+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Schwarz
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Katherine E Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Brent N Rexer
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Mónica Valeria Estrada
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Paula I Gonzalez Ericsson
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Teresa C Dugger
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Angel Guerrero-Zotano
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Monica Red-Brewer
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Johan Lantto
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Mikkel W Pedersen
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Michael Kragh
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Ivan D Horak
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
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Zhao HF, Wang J, Shao W, Wu CP, Chen ZP, To SST, Li WP. Recent advances in the use of PI3K inhibitors for glioblastoma multiforme: current preclinical and clinical development. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:100. [PMID: 28592260 PMCID: PMC5463420 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. One of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for GBM is temozolomide, which is a DNA-alkylating agent and its efficacy is dependent on MGMT methylation status. Little progress in improving the prognosis of GBM patients has been made in the past ten years, urging the development of more effective molecular targeted therapies. Hyper-activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently found in a variety of cancers including GBM, and it plays a central role in the regulation of tumor cell survival, growth, motility, angiogenesis and metabolism. Numerous PI3K inhibitors including pan-PI3K, isoform-selective and dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have exhibited favorable preclinical results and entered clinical trials in a range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, combination of inhibitors targeting PI3K and other related pathways may exert synergism on suppressing tumor growth and improving patients' prognosis. Currently, only a handful of PI3K inhibitors are in phase I/II clinical trials for GBM treatment. In this review, we focus on the importance of PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM, and summarize the current development of PI3K inhibitors alone or in combination with other inhibitors for GBM treatment from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zhong-ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Shing-shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
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Sim MY, Huynh H, Go ML, Yuen JSP. Action of YM155 on clear cell renal cell carcinoma does not depend on survivin expression levels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178168. [PMID: 28582447 PMCID: PMC5459331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dioxonapthoimidazolium YM155 is a survivin suppressant which has been investigated as an anticancer agent in clinical trials. Here, we investigated its growth inhibitory properties on a panel of immortalized and patient derived renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines which were either deficient in the tumour suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein or possessed a functional copy. Neither the VHL status nor the survivin expression levels of these cell lines influenced their susceptibility to growth inhibition by YM155. Of the various RCC lines, the papillary subtype was more resistant to YM155, suggesting that the therapeutic efficacy of YM155 may be restricted to clear cell subtypes. YM155 was equally potent in cells (RCC786.0) in which survivin expression had been stably silenced or overexpressed, implicating a limited reliance on survivin in the mode of action of YM155. A follow-up in-vitro high throughput RNA microarray identified possible targets of YM155 apart from survivin. Selected genes (ID1, FOXO1, CYLD) that were differentially expressed in YM155-sensitive RCC cells and relevant to RCC pathology were validated with real-time PCR and western immunoblotting analyses. Thus, there is corroboratory evidence that the growth inhibitory activity of YM155 in RCC cell lines is not exclusively mediated by its suppression of survivin. In view of the growing importance of combination therapy in oncology, we showed that a combination of YM155 and sorafenib at ½ x IC50 concentrations was synergistic on RCC786.0 cells. However, when tested intraperitoneally on a murine xenograft model derived from a nephrectomised patient with clear cell RCC, a combination of suboptimal doses of both drugs failed to arrest tumour progression. The absence of synergy in vivo highlighted the need to further optimize the dosing schedules of YM155 and sorafenib, as well as their routes of administration. It also implied that the expression of other oncogenic proteins which YM155 may target is either low or absent in this clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi Sim
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Hung Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Centre, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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O'Donnell JS, Massi D, Teng MWL, Mandala M. PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibition in cancer immunotherapy, redux. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:91-103. [PMID: 28467889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies will increasingly be utilized in combination to treat advanced malignancies so as to increase their long-term efficacy in a greater proportion of patients. In particular, much attention has focused on developing targeted therapies that inhibit the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network which is dysregulated in many cancer types. In addition, there is now a growing appreciation that targeting of these pathways can impact not only on cancer cells, but also host immunity. The clinical success of cancer immunotherapies targeting T-cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1/PD-L1 has demonstrated the importance of immunoevasion as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we discuss how PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors target cancer cell biology, attenuate immune cell effector function and modulate the tumor microenvironment. We next discuss how the immunomodulatory potential of these inhibitors can be exploited through rational combinations with immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S O'Donnell
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniela Massi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital,Piazza OMS 1, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Mandala
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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Wang YW, Cheng HL, Ding YR, Chou LH, Chow NH. EMP1, EMP 2, and EMP3 as novel therapeutic targets in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:199-211. [PMID: 28408326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial membrane protein genes 1, 2, and 3 (EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3) belong to the peripheral myelin protein 22-kDa (PMP22) gene family, which consists of at least seven members: PMP22, EMP1, EMP2, EMP3, PERP, brain cell membrane protein 1, and MP20. This review addresses the structural and functional features of EMPs, detailing their tissue distribution and functions in the human body, their expression pattern in a variety of tumors, and highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and potential application in disease therapy are discussed. For example, EMP1 was reported to be a biomarker of gefitinib resistance in lung cancer and contributes to prednisolone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. EMP2 functions as an oncogene in human endometrial and ovarian cancers; however, characteristics of EMP2 in urothelial cancer fulfill the criteria of a suppressor gene. Of particular interest, EMP3 overexpression in breast cancer is significantly related to strong HER-2 expression. Co-expression of HER-2 and EMP3 is the most important indicator of progression-free and metastasis-free survival for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Altogether, discovery of pharmacological inhibitors and/or regulators of EMP protein activity could open novel strategies for enhanced therapy against EMP-mediated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ling Cheng
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Rou Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hsuan Chou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Park J, Choi Y, Ko YS, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Kim MA, Lee JS, Chang MS, Park JW, Lee BL. FOXO1 Suppression is a Determinant of Acquired Lapatinib-Resistance in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells Through MET Upregulation. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:239-254. [PMID: 28343375 PMCID: PMC5784629 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lapatinib is a candidate drug for treatment of trastuzumab-resistant, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive gastric cancer (GC). Unfortunately, lapatinib resistance renders this drug ineffective. The present study investigated the implication of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling in the acquired lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive GC cells. Materials and Methods Lapatinib-resistant GC cell lines (SNU-216 LR2-8) were generated in vitro by chronic exposure of lapatinib-sensitive, HER2-positive SNU-216 cells to lapatinib. SNU-216 LR cells with FOXO1 overexpression were generated by stable transfection of a constitutively active FOXO1 mutant (FOXO1A3). HER2 and MET in SNU-216 LR cells were downregulated using RNA interference. The sensitivity of GC cells to lapatinib and/or cisplatin was determined by crystal violet assay. In addition, Western blot analysis, luciferase reporter assay and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results SNU-216 LR cells showed upregulations of HER2 and MET, but downregulation of FOXO1 compared to parental SNU-216 cells. FOXO1 overexpression in SNU-216 LR cells significantly suppressed resistance to lapatinib and/or cisplatin. In addition, FOXO1 negatively controlled HER2 and MET at the transcriptional level and was negatively controlled by these molecules at the post-transcriptional level. A positive crosstalk was shown between HER2 and MET, each of which increased resistance to lapatinib and/or cisplatin. Conclusion FOXO1 serves as an important linker between HER2 and MET signaling pathways through negative crosstalks and is a key regulator of the acquired lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive GC cells. These findings provide a rationale for establishing a novel treatment strategy to overcome lapatinib resistance in a subtype of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Park
- Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Service Busan Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cannon TM, Shah AT, Skala MC. Autofluorescence imaging captures heterogeneous drug response differences between 2D and 3D breast cancer cultures. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1911-1925. [PMID: 28663873 PMCID: PMC5480588 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy of cellular autofluorescence intensity and lifetime (optical metabolic imaging, or OMI) is a promising tool for preclinical drug development. OMI, which exploits the endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD, is sensitive to changes in cell metabolism produced by drug treatment. Previous studies have shown that drug response, genetic expression, cell-cell communication, and cell signaling in 3D culture match those of the original in vivo tumor, but not those of 2D culture. The goal of this study is to use OMI to quantify dynamic cell-level metabolic differences in drug response in 2D cell lines vs. 3D organoids generated from xenograft tumors of the same cell origin. BT474 cells and Herceptin-resistant BT474 (HR6) cells were tested. Cells were treated with vehicle control, Herceptin, XL147 (PI3K inhibitor), and the combination. The OMI index was used to quantify response, and is a linear combination of the redox ratio (intensity of NAD(P)H divided by FAD), mean NADH lifetime, and mean FAD lifetime. The results confirm that the OMI index resolves significant differences (p<0.05) in drug response for 2D vs. 3D cultures, specifically for BT474 cells 24 hours after Herceptin treatment, for HR6 cells 24 and 72 hours after combination treatment, and for HR6 cells 72 hours after XL147 treatment. Cell-level analysis of the OMI index also reveals differences in the number of cell sub-populations in 2D vs. 3D culture at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment in control and treated groups. Finally, significant increases (p<0.05) in the mean lifetime of NADH and FAD were measured in 2D vs. 3D for both cell lines at 72 hours post-treatment in control and all treatment groups. These whole-population differences in the mean NADH and FAD lifetimes are supported by differences in the number of cell sub-populations in 2D vs. 3D. Overall, these studies confirm that OMI is sensitive to differences in drug response in 2D vs. 3D, and provides further information on dynamic changes in the relative abundance of metabolic cell sub-populations that contribute to this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Cannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - A. T. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - M. C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Chuang JC, Stehr H, Liang Y, Das M, Huang J, Diehn M, Wakelee HA, Neal JW. ERBB2-Mutated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Response and Resistance to Targeted Therapies. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:833-842. [PMID: 28167203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene (ERBB2) (also called HER2) has long been recognized as an oncogenic driver in some breast and gastroesophageal cancers in which amplification of this gene confers sensitivity to treatment with Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2)-directed agents. More recently, somatic mutations in ERBB2 have been reported in 1% to 2% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Previous case series have suggested clinical tumor responses using anti-ERBB2 small molecules and antibody therapies. METHODS Here we report the outcomes of nine patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with ERBB2 mutations being treated with ERBB2-targeted therapies. RESULTS Four of the nine patients had response to targeted therapies, with durations of response ranging from 3 to 10 months. We identified a de novo phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene (PIK3CA) mutation and ERBB2 copy number gain as potential resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS We showed patients with ERBB2-mutated lung adenocarcinoma can respond to targeted therapies, and we identified potential resistance mechanisms upon progression to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C Chuang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California
| | - Henning Stehr
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Millie Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jane Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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Sajadimajd S, Yazdanparast R. Sensitizing effect of juglone is mediated by down regulation of Notch1 signaling pathway in trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cells. Apoptosis 2017; 22:135-144. [PMID: 27770268 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 receptor has been administered as a treatment for metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer. The problematic issue in treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer cells is commonly the induction of resistance to trastuzumab which might be due to modulation of some vital signaling elements such as Notch1 and Pin1. In this study, we were aimed to investigate whether the cross talk between pin1 and Notch1 has a role in this event. Our results indicated that the expression level of Pin1 in resistant SKBR3 cells increased by about twofold relative to sensitive SKBR3 cells. Besides, Pin1 inhibition via juglone reduced the extent of proliferation, colony formation and migration capacity of resistant SKBR3 cells. In addition, despite a feed forward loop between Notch1 and Pin1 in sensitive SKBR3 cells, inhibition of Notch1 cleavage in resistant SKBR3 cells did not affect pin1 level whereas pin1 inhibition by juglone reduced the level of Hes1, p-Akt and increased the cellular content of Numb. Therefore, we concluded that pin1 inhibition could be considered as a promising sensitizing strategy to weaken trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Sajadimajd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Wang A, Qu L, Wang L. At the crossroads of cancer stem cells and targeted therapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2017; 385:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Sai J, Owens P, Novitskiy SV, Hawkins OE, Vilgelm AE, Yang J, Sobolik T, Lavender N, Johnson AC, McClain C, Ayers GD, Kelley MC, Sanders M, Mayer IA, Moses HL, Boothby M, Richmond A. PI3K Inhibition Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth and Facilitates Antitumor Immunity and Anti-PD1 Responses. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3371-3384. [PMID: 28003307 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Metastatic breast cancers continue to elude current therapeutic strategies, including those utilizing PI3K inhibitors. Given the prominent role of PI3Kα,β in tumor growth and PI3Kγ,δ in immune cell function, we sought to determine whether PI3K inhibition altered antitumor immunity.Experimental Design: The effect of PI3K inhibition on tumor growth, metastasis, and antitumor immune response was characterized in mouse models utilizing orthotopic implants of 4T1 or PyMT mammary tumors into syngeneic or PI3Kγ-null mice, and patient-derived breast cancer xenografts in humanized mice. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were characterized by IHC and FACS analysis in BKM120 (30 mg/kg, every day) or vehicle-treated mice and PI3Kγnull versus PI3KγWT mice. On the basis of the finding that PI3K inhibition resulted in a more inflammatory tumor leukocyte infiltrate, the therapeutic efficacy of BKM120 (30 mg/kg, every day) and anti-PD1 (100 μg, twice weekly) was evaluated in PyMT tumor-bearing mice.Results: Our findings show that PI3K activity facilitates tumor growth and surprisingly restrains tumor immune surveillance. These activities could be partially suppressed by BKM120 or by genetic deletion of PI3Kγ in the host. The antitumor effect of PI3Kγ loss in host, but not tumor, was partially reversed by CD8+ T-cell depletion. Treatment with therapeutic doses of both BKM120 and antibody to PD-1 resulted in consistent inhibition of tumor growth compared with either agent alone.Conclusions: PI3K inhibition slows tumor growth, enhances antitumor immunity, and heightens susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We propose that combining PI3K inhibition with anti-PD1 may be a viable therapeutic approach for triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3371-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Sai
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip Owens
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Oriana E Hawkins
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jinming Yang
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tammy Sobolik
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicole Lavender
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Colt McClain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark C Kelley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Smit L, Berns K, Spence K, Ryder WD, Zeps N, Madiredjo M, Beijersbergen R, Bernards R, Clarke RB. An integrated genomic approach identifies that the PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathway is involved in breast cancer tumor initiation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2596-610. [PMID: 26595803 PMCID: PMC4823058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is one of the major impediments to successful cancer treatment. In breast cancer, a small subpopulation of cells with stem cell features, named breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), is responsible for metastasis and recurrence of the tumor. BCSC have the unique ability to grow under non-adherent conditions in "mammospheres". To prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis it will be crucial to eradicate BCSC.We used shRNA genetic screening to identify genes that upon knockdown enhance mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells. By integration of these results with gene expression profiles of mammospheres and NOTCH-activated cells, we identified FOXO3A. Modulation of FOXO3A activity results in a change in mammosphere formation, expression of mammary stem cell markers and breast cancer initiating potential. Importantly, lack of FOXO3A expression in breast cancer patients is associated with increased recurrence rate. Our findings provide evidence for a role for FOXO3A downstream of NOTCH and AKT that may have implications for therapies targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Smit
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Berns
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Spence
- Breast Biology Group, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W David Ryder
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nik Zeps
- St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mandy Madiredjo
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Zhao GX, Xu LH, Pan H, Lin QR, Huang MY, Cai JY, Ouyang DY, He XH. The BH3-mimetic gossypol and noncytotoxic doses of valproic acid induce apoptosis by suppressing cyclin-A2/Akt/FOXO3a signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38952-66. [PMID: 26517515 PMCID: PMC4770749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that valproic acid (VPA) acts in synergy with GOS to enhance cell death in human DU145 cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed that such synergistic cytotoxicity of GOS and VPA could be extended to human A375, HeLa, and PC-3 cancer cells. GOS and VPA co-treatment induced robust apoptosis as evidenced by caspase-8/-9/-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and nuclear fragmentation. GOS and VPA also markedly decreased cyclin A2 protein expression. Owing to the reduction of cyclin A2, Akt signaling was suppressed, leading to dephosphorylation of FOXO3a. Consequently, FOXO3a was activated and the expression of its target genes, including pro-apoptotic FasL and Bim, was upregulated. Supporting this, FOXO3a knockdown attenuated FasL and Bim upregulation and apoptosis induction in GOS+VPA-treated cells. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by MG132 prevented the downregulation of cyclin A2, dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO3a, and induction of apoptosis in cells co-treated with GOS and VPA. In mouse model, GOS and VPA combination significantly inhibited the growth of A375 melanoma xenografts. Our findings indicate that GOS and VPA co-treatment induces apoptosis in human cancer cells by suppressing the cyclin-A2/Akt/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ru Lin
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Yun Huang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Aghazadeh S, Yazdanparast R. Mycophenolic acid potentiates HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cell line to induce apoptosis: involvement of AKT/FOXO1 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1302-1314. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Martin-Castillo B, Lopez-Bonet E, Cuyàs E, Viñas G, Pernas S, Dorca J, Menendez JA. Cancer stem cell-driven efficacy of trastuzumab (Herceptin): towards a reclassification of clinically HER2-positive breast carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32317-38. [PMID: 26474458 PMCID: PMC4741696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically HER2+ (cHER2+) breast cancer (BC) can no longer be considered a single BC disease entity in terms of trastuzumab responsiveness. Here we propose a framework for predicting the response of cHER2+ to trastuzumab that integrates the molecular distinctions of intrinsic BC subtypes with recent knowledge on cancer stem cell (CSC) biology. First, we consider that two interchangeable populations of epithelial-like, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-expressing and mesenchymal-like, CD44+CD24-/low CSCs can be found in significantly different proportions across all intrinsic BC subtypes. Second, we overlap all the intrinsic subtypes across cHER2+ BC to obtain a continuum of mixed phenotypes in which one extreme exhibits a high identity with ALDH+ CSCs and the other extreme exhibits a high preponderance of CD44+CD24-/low CSCs. The differential enrichment of trastuzumab-responsive ALDH+ CSCs versus trastuzumab-refractory CD44+CD24-/low CSCs can explain both the clinical behavior and the primary efficacy of trastuzumab in each molecular subtype of cHER2+ (i.e., HER2-enriched/cHER2+, luminal A/cHER2+, luminal B/cHER2+, basal/cHER2+, and claudin-low/cHER2+). The intrinsic plasticity determining the epigenetic ability of cHER2+ tumors to switch between epithelial and mesenchymal CSC states will vary across the continuum of mixed phenotypes, thus dictating their intratumoral heterogeneity and, hence, their evolutionary response to trastuzumab. Because CD44+CD24-/low mesenchymal-like CSCs distinctively possess a highly endocytic activity, the otherwise irrelevant HER2 can open the door to a type of "Trojan horse" approach by employing antibody-drug conjugates such as T-DM1, which will allow a rapid and CSC-targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs to therapeutically manage trastuzumab-unresponsive basal/cHER2+ BC. Contrary to the current dichotomous model used clinically, our model proposes that a reclassification of cHER2+ tumors based on the spectrum of molecular BC subtypes might inform on their CSC-determined sensitivity to trastuzumab, thus providing a better delineation of the predictive value of cHER2+ in BC by incorporating CSCs-driven intra-tumor heterogeneity into clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Dorca
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Defining the Prognostic and Predictive Role of PIK3CA Mutations: Sifting Through the Conflicting Data. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Sajadimajd S, Yazdanparast R, Akram S. Involvement of Numb-mediated HIF-1α inhibition in anti-proliferative effect of PNA-antimiR-182 in trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant SKBR3 cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:5413-26. [PMID: 26563369 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) that is overexpressed in about 25 % of breast cancer patients. However, primary and/or acquired resistance to trastuzumab develops in most affected persons. In this study, we explored the functional role of miR-182 inhibition with aiming the sensitization of SKBR3 cells to trastuzumab. Cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, and migration capacities of SKBR3(S) (sensitive) and SKBR3(R) (resistant) cells were assessed to determine the anti-proliferative effects of PNA-antimiR-182. In addition, the expression levels of miR-182, mRNA of FOXO1, and Bim as well as the protein levels of HER2 and Notch1 signaling factors were evaluated by stem-loop RT-qPCR, RT-qPCR, and Western blot, respectively. The results indicated that miR-182 might play a causal role in the mechanism of trastuzumab. In line with that, PNA-antimiR-182 inhibited synergistically the viability of both the sensitive and resistant cell groups. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PNA-anitmiR-182 on migration in SKBR3 cells was more than the induction of apoptosis. In addition, PNA-antimiR-182 reduced the levels of NICD, Hes1, HIF-1α, and p-Akt in both cell groups, while it augmented the intracellular content of FOXO1 and Numb suppressor proteins. In other words, PNA-antimiR-182-mediated upregulation of Numb was associated with downregulation of HIF-1α and Hes1. Consequently, downregulation of miR-182 might find therapeutical value for overcoming trastuzumab resistance. Graphical Abstract The crosstalk between HER2 and Notch1 signaling pathway is mediated by miR-182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Sajadimajd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadeghirizi Akram
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence that many cancers, including breast cancer, are driven by a population of cells that display stem cell properties. These cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells, not only drive tumor initiation and growth but also mediate tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this chapter, we summarize current advances in CSC research with a major focus on breast CSCs (BCSCs). We review the prevailing methods to isolate and characterize BCSCs and recent evidence documenting their cellular origins and phenotypic plasticity that enables them to transition between mesenchymal and epithelial-like states. We describe in vitro and clinical evidence that these cells mediate metastasis and treatment resistance in breast cancer, the development of novel strategies to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that contain CSCs and the use of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in preclinical breast cancer research. Lastly, we highlight several signaling pathways that regulate BCSC self-renewal and describe clinical implications of targeting these cells for breast cancer treatment. The development of strategies to effectively target BCSCs has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes for patients with breast cancer.
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49
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Abstract
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor type 2 (HER2) gene amplification and/or protein overexpression is observed in patients suffering from HER2+ breast cancer. This subtype of breast cancer has improved prognosis due to availability of anti-HER2 therapy. However, drug resistance and tumor recurrence still remains a major concern. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are believed to constitute the subset of cell population that is resistant to drug treatment and possesses characteristics of stem cells. CSCs enable the tumors to thrive despite major insults. This review provides a comprehensive idea about the concept of CSCs in context of HER2+ breast cancer by providing the description of the markers that are used for the identification of CSCs and by elucidating the signaling pathways that are associated with HER2+ breast CSCs. Furthermore, the review also describes the interaction of HER2 with those signaling pathways and the future of targeting CSCs in HER2+ breast cancer.
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50
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Dziegielewska B, Casarez EV, Yang WZ, Gray LS, Dziegielewski J, Slack-Davis JK. T-Type Ca2+ Channel Inhibition Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer to Carboplatin. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:460-70. [PMID: 26832797 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, due in large part to the diagnosis of advanced stage disease, the development of platinum resistance, and inadequate treatment alternatives. Recent studies by our group and others have shown that T-type calcium (Ca(2+)) channels play a reinforcing role in cancer cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis evasion. Therefore, we investigated whether T-type Ca(2+) channels affect ovarian tumor growth and response to platinum agents. Inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) channels with mibefradil or by silencing expression resulted in growth suppression in ovarian cancer cells with a simultaneous increase in apoptosis, which was accompanied by decreased expression of the antiapoptotic gene survivin (BIRC5). Analysis of intracellular signaling revealed mibefradil reduced AKT phosphorylation, increased the levels and nuclear retention of FOXO transcription factors that repress BIRC5 expression, and decreased the expression of FOXM1, which promotes BIRC5 expression. Combining carboplatin with mibefradil synergistically increased apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, mibefradil rendered platinum-resistant ovarian tumors sensitive to carboplatin in a mouse model of peritoneal metastasis. Together, the data provide rationale for future use of T-type channel antagonists together with platinum agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli V Casarez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wesley Z Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Jaroslaw Dziegielewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jill K Slack-Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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