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Heestermans R, Schots R, De Becker A, Van Riet I. Liquid Biopsies as Non-Invasive Tools for Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: Application Potential, Challenges, and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5208. [PMID: 38791247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has considerably improved. However, despite the availability of new treatments, most patients still relapse and become therapy-resistant at some point in the disease evolution. The mutation profile has an impact on MM patients' outcome, while typically evolving over time. Because of the patchy bone marrow (BM) infiltration pattern, the analysis of a single bone marrow sample can lead to an underestimation of the known genetic heterogeneity in MM. As a result, interest is shifting towards blood-derived liquid biopsies, which allow for a more comprehensive and non-invasive genetic interrogation without the discomfort of repeated BM aspirations. In this review, we compare the application potential for mutation profiling in MM of circulating-tumor-cell-derived DNA, cell-free DNA and extracellular-vesicle-derived DNA, while also addressing the challenges associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Heestermans
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Akkus E, Tuncalı T, Akın HY, Aydın Y, Beşışık SK, Gürkan E, Ratip S, Salihoğlu A, Sargın D, Ünal A, Turcan A, Sevindik ÖG, Demir M, Beksac M. Germline genetic variants in Turkish familial multiple myeloma/monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance cases. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:931-938. [PMID: 38115798 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy primarily affecting the elderly, with a striking male predilection and ethnic disparities in incidence. Familial predisposition to MM has long been recognized, but the genetic underpinnings remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate germline variants in Turkish families with recurrent MM cases. A total of 37 MM-affected families, comprising 77 individuals, were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing analysis yielded no previously reported rare variants. Whole exome sequencing analysis in 11 families identified rare disease-causing variants in various genes, some previously linked to familial MM and others not previously associated. Notably, genes involved in ubiquitination, V(D)J recombination and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were among those identified. Furthermore, a specific variant in BNIP1 (rs28199) was found in 13 patients across nine families, indicating its potential significance in MM pathogenesis. While this study sheds light on genetic variations in familial MM in Turkey, its limitations include sample size and the absence of in vivo investigations. In conclusion, familial MM likely involves a polygenic inheritance pattern with rare, disease-causing variants in various genes, emphasizing the need for international collaborative efforts to unravel the intricate genetic basis of MM and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Akkus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Tuncalı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yalım Akın
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Aydın
- Department of Hematology, Florence Nightingale Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalayoğlu Beşışık
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Gürkan
- Department of Hematology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Siret Ratip
- Department of Hematology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Salihoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sargın
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünal
- Department of Hematology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ömür Gökmen Sevindik
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Demir
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Liv Hospital, Istinye University, Ankara, Turkey
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Elsabah H, El Omri H, Habas E, Taha RY, ElKourashy SA, Ibrahim F, Nashwan AJ, Kassem N, Ojha L, Singh R, Ghasoub R, El Omri A. Real world evidence of epidemiological trends, clinical presentation, and prognostic outcomes of multiple myeloma (2007-2021). Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1338552. [PMID: 38444413 PMCID: PMC10912627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1338552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common hematological malignancies globally, and it is projected to increase in the coming years. It occurs more frequently in males and affects older individuals. Presenting symptoms can range from being asymptomatic to severely debilitating. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic outcomes of patients with MM in the only tertiary cancer hospital in Qatar. Methods Patients with symptomatic myeloma diagnosed at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research in Qatar between 2007 and 2021 were included. Data on demographics, laboratory work, bone marrow analysis, radiology, and given treatment were collected. Descriptive statistics, survival curves, and multivariable cox regression were used to identify independent mortality risk factors. Results During the study period of 15 years, a total of 192 patients were diagnosed with MM. The incident rate of myeloma cases in 2021 was 8 patients per million. The median age of patients was 57 years [range 22-88], with 68% being above the age of 50 years at diagnosis. The majority of patients were male (71%) and (85%) were expats. At the time of diagnosis, most patients [n = 169 (88%)] had bone lesions, and 27% had extramedullary plasmacytoma. Anemia, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression were reported in 53%, 28%, and 7% of patients, respectively, at presentation. The monoclonal immunoglobulin subtypes were IgG, IgA, and free light chain in 52%, 16%, and 26% of patients, respectively. The overall median survival was 103 months (95% CI 71-135 months). In a multivariate cox-regression analysis for risk factors, only high serum calcium (≥ 2.7 mmol/L) was associated with increased mortality (HR: 2.54, 95% C.I.: 1.40-4.63, p = 0.002). Patients who received an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) had significantly better overall survival. Conclusion In this comprehensive study of patients with MM treated in a country with a small and young general population, centralized hematology care, and free cancer care, we found a low but increasing incidence of MM and a good overall survival. Hypercalcemia was confirmed as a negative risk factor. ASCT had a significant positive impact on survival and should be provided to all patients eligible for this treatment, even in the era of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Elsabah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elmukhtar Habas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruba Y. Taha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A. ElKourashy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Feryal Ibrahim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nancy Kassem
- Pharmacy Department, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laxmi Ojha
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Cardiology Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rola Ghasoub
- Pharmacy Department, National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Martinerie L, Bouligand J, North MO, Bertherat J, Assié G, Espiard S. Consensus statement by the French Society of Endocrinology (SFE) and French Society of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology (SFEDP) for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: Genetics of Cushing's syndrome. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2024:S0003-4266(24)00005-2. [PMID: 38253221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome is due to overproduction of cortisol, leading to abnormal and prolonged exposure to cortisol. The most common etiology is Cushing disease, while adrenal causes are rarer. Knowledge of the genetics of Cushing's syndrome, and particularly the adrenal causes, has improved considerably over the last 10 years, thanks in particular to technical advances in high-throughput sequencing. The present study, by a group of experts from the French Society of Endocrinology and the French Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, reviewed the literature on germline genetic alterations leading to a predisposition to develop Cushing's syndrome. The review led to a consensus statement on genetic screening for Cushing disease and adrenal Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Martinerie
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Faculté de médecine Paris-Saclay, Inserm Unit UMRS1185 Endocrine Physiology and Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile North
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Endocrinology Department, centre de référence maladies rares de la surrénale (CRMRS), hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Endocrinology Department, centre de référence maladies rares de la surrénale (CRMRS), hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, métabolisme et nutrition, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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Bao L, Zhu P, Mou Y, Song Y, Qin Y. Targeting LSD1 in tumor immunotherapy: rationale, challenges and potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214675. [PMID: 37483603 PMCID: PMC10360200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an enzyme that removes lysine methylation marks from nucleosome histone tails and plays an important role in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Recent research shows that LSD1 regulates tumor cells and immune cells through multiple upstream and downstream pathways, enabling tumor cells to adapt to the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a potential anti-tumor treatment strategy, immunotherapy has developed rapidly in the past few years. However, most patients have a low response rate to available immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-PD-(L)1 therapy and CAR-T cell therapy, due to a broad array of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Notably, inhibition of LSD1 turns "cold tumors" into "hot tumors" and subsequently enhances tumor cell sensitivity to ICIs. This review focuses on recent advances in LSD1 and tumor immunity and discusses a potential therapeutic strategy for combining LSD1 inhibition with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuan Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ye Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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6
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Huang J, Zhang L, Lu A, Liang C. Organoids as Innovative Models for Bone and Joint Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37371060 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the key components of the musculoskeletal system. Bone and joint disease are the fourth most widespread disease, in addition to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, which seriously affect people's quality of life. Bone organoids seem to be a great model by which to promote the research method, which further could improve the treatment of bone and joint disease in the future. Here, we introduce the various bone and joint diseases and their biology, and the conditions of organoid culture, comparing the in vitro models among 2D, 3D, and organoids. We summarize the differing potential methods for culturing bone-related organoids from pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells, or progenitor cells, and discuss the current and promising bone disease organoids for drug screening and precision medicine. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and difficulties encountered in the application of bone organoids and look to the future in order to present potential methods via which bone organoids might advance organoid construction and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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7
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Esai Selvan M, Onel K, Gnjatic S, Klein RJ, Gümüş ZH. Germline rare deleterious variant load alters cancer risk, age of onset and tumor characteristics. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:13. [PMID: 36707626 PMCID: PMC9883433 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that rare, deleterious variants (RDVs) in certain genes are critical determinants of heritable cancer risk. To more comprehensively understand RDVs, we performed the largest-to-date germline variant calling analysis in a case-control setting for a multi-cancer association study from whole-exome sequencing data of 20,789 participants, split into discovery and validation cohorts. We confirm and extend known associations between cancer risk and germline RDVs in specific gene-sets, including DNA repair (OR = 1.50; p-value = 8.30e-07; 95% CI: 1.28-1.77), cancer predisposition (OR = 1.51; p-value = 4.58e-08; 95% CI: 1.30-1.75), and somatic cancer drivers (OR = 1.46; p-value = 4.04e-06; 95% CI: 1.24-1.72). Furthermore, personal RDV load in these gene-sets associated with increased risk, younger age of onset, increased M1 macrophages in tumor and, increased tumor mutational burden in specific cancers. Our findings can be used towards identifying high-risk individuals, who can then benefit from increased surveillance, earlier screening, and treatments that exploit their tumor characteristics, improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) was the first histone demethylase discovered and the founding member of the flavin-dependent lysine demethylase family (KDM1). The human KDM1 family includes KDM1A and KDM1B, which primarily catalyze demethylation of histone H3K4me1/2. The KDM1 family is involved in epigenetic gene regulation and plays important roles in various biological and disease pathogenesis processes, including cell differentiation, embryonic development, hormone signaling, and carcinogenesis. Malfunction of many epigenetic regulators results in complex human diseases, including cancers. Regulators such as KDM1 have become potential therapeutic targets because of the reversibility of epigenetic control of genome function. Indeed, several classes of KDM1-selective small molecule inhibitors have been developed, some of which are currently in clinical trials to treat various cancers. In this chapter, we review the discovery, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, atomic structure, genetics, biology, and pathology of the KDM1 family of lysine demethylases. Focusing on cancer, we also provide a comprehensive summary of recently developed KDM1 inhibitors and related preclinical and clinical studies to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of action and applications of these KDM1-specific inhibitors in therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- Longevity and Aging Institute (LAI), IBS and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yujiang Geno Shi
- Longevity and Aging Institute (LAI), IBS and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Bertherat J, Bourdeau I, Bouys L, Chasseloup F, Kamenicky P, Lacroix A. Clinical, pathophysiologic, genetic and therapeutic progress in Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia. Endocr Rev 2022:6957368. [PMID: 36548967 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) usually present bilateral benign adrenocortical macronodules at imaging and variable levels of cortisol excess. PBMAH is a rare cause of primary overt Cushing's syndrome, but may represent up to one third of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas with evidence of cortisol excess. The increased steroidogenesis in PBMAH is often regulated by various G-protein coupled receptors aberrantly expressed in PBMAH tissues; some receptor ligands are ectopically produced in PBMAH tissues creating aberrant autocrine/paracrine regulation of steroidogenesis. The bilateral nature of PBMAH and familial aggregation, led to the identification of germline heterozygous inactivating mutations of the ARMC5 gene, in 20-25% of the apparent sporadic cases and more frequently in familial cases; ARMC5 mutations/pathogenic variants can be associated with meningiomas. More recently, combined germline mutations/pathogenic variants and somatic events inactivating the KDM1A gene were specifically identified in patients affected by GIP-dependent PBMAH. Functional studies demonstrated that inactivation of KDM1A leads to GIP-receptor (GIPR) overexpression and over or down-regulation of other GPCRs. Genetic analysis is now available for early detection of family members of index cases with PBMAH carrying identified germline pathogenic variants. Detailed biochemical, imaging, and co-morbidities assessment of the nature and severity of PBMAH is essential for its management. Treatment is reserved for patients with overt or mild cortisol/aldosterone or other steroid excesses taking in account co-morbidities. It previously relied on bilateral adrenalectomy; however recent studies tend to favor unilateral adrenalectomy, or less frequently, medical treatment with cortisol synthesis inhibitors or specific blockers of aberrant GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris 75014, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas Bouys
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris 75014, France
| | - Fanny Chasseloup
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Costa DFD, Filiú-Braga LDDC, Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Schiavinato JL, Vasconcelos MCCD, Figueiredo-Pontes LLD, Lucena-Araujo AR, Saldanha-Araujo F. Transcriptional deregulation of LSD1 and LSD2 is associated with cytogenetic risk in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3227-3231. [PMID: 36016463 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2116935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Freitas da Costa
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brasil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brasil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brasil
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Hakkarainen M, Koski JR, Heckman CA, Anttila P, Silvennoinen R, Lievonen J, Kilpivaara O, Wartiovaara‐Kautto U. A germline exome analysis reveals harmful POT1 variants in multiple myeloma patients and families. EJHaem 2022; 3:1352-1357. [PMID: 36467798 PMCID: PMC9713058 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Observations of inherited susceptibility to multiple myeloma have led to active research in defining predisposing genes to the disease. Here, we analysed 128 plasma cell dyscrasia patients' germline whole-exome sequencing data. Rare dominantly inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant was found in 9.4% of the patients. Among the P/LP variants, CHEK2 (p. Thr410MetfsTer15) was the most prevalent (n = 5, 3.9%). Interestingly, P/LP variants in POT1 were identified in three patients (2.3%). Our findings broaden the spectrum of POT1-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of the germline genetic analysis in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hakkarainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jessica R. Koski
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland ‐ FIMM, HiLIFE ‐ Helsinki institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Lievonen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic Center (Helsinki University Hospital), HUSLAB Laboratory of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara‐Kautto
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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12
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Cavalcante IP, Berthon A, Fragoso MC, Reincke M, Stratakis CA, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: definitely a genetic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:699-711. [PMID: 35922573 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is an adrenal cause of Cushing syndrome. Nowadays, a PBMAH diagnosis is more frequent than previously, as a result of progress in the diagnostic methods for adrenal incidentalomas, which are widely available. Although some rare syndromic forms of PBMAH are known to be of genetic origin, non-syndromic forms of PBMAH have only been recognized as a genetic disease in the past 10 years. Genomics studies have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of PBMAH and identified molecular subgroups, allowing improved understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease. Furthermore, the generation of these subgroups permitted the identification of new genes responsible for PBMAH. Constitutive inactivating variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A are responsible for the development of distinct forms of PBMAH. To date, pathogenic variants of ARMC5 are responsible for 20-25% of PBMAH, whereas germline KDM1A alterations have been identified in >90% of PBMAH causing food-dependent Cushing syndrome. The identification of pathogenic variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A demonstrated that PBMAH, despite mostly being diagnosed in adults aged 45-60 years, is a genetic disorder. This Review summarizes the important progress made in the past 10 years in understanding the genetics of PBMAH, which have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, opening new clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora P Cavalcante
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Maria C Fragoso
- Department of Endocrinology, Adrenal Unit, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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13
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Heestermans R, De Brouwer W, Maes K, Vande Broek I, Vaeyens F, Olsen C, Caljon B, De Becker A, Bakkus M, Schots R, Van Riet I. Liquid Biopsy-Derived DNA Sources as Tools for Comprehensive Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: A Comparative Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194901. [PMID: 36230824 PMCID: PMC9563447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The genetics of MM are highly complex with multiple mutations and genetic subpopulations of tumor cells that arise during the disease evolution, affecting prognosis and treatment response. Standard bone marrow DNA analysis requires an invasive sample collection and does not always reflect the complete mutation profile. Therefore, we examined the possibility to use peripheral blood-based liquid biopsies as an alternative DNA source for mutation profiling. By comparing DNA from circulating tumor cells with circulating tumor-derived vesicles and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), we found that the latter provided the best concordance with bone marrow DNA and also showed mutations derived from myeloma cell populations that were undetectable in bone marrow. Our comparative study indicates that cfDNA is the preferable circulating biomarker for genetic characterization in MM and can provide additional information compared to standard BM analysis. Abstract The analysis of bone marrow (BM) samples in multiple myeloma (MM) patients can lead to the underestimation of the genetic heterogeneity within the tumor. Blood-derived liquid biopsies may provide a more comprehensive approach to genetic characterization. However, no thorough comparison between the currently available circulating biomarkers as tools for mutation profiling in MM has been published yet and the use of extracellular vesicle-derived DNA for this purpose in MM has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we collected BM aspirates and blood samples in 30 patients with active MM to isolate five different DNA types, i.e., cfDNA, EV-DNA, BM-DNA and DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMNCs-DNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC-DNA). DNA was analyzed for genetic variants with targeted gene sequencing using a 165-gene panel. After data filtering, 87 somatic and 39 germline variants were detected among the 149 DNA samples used for sequencing. cfDNA showed the highest concordance with the mutation profile observed in BM-DNA and outperformed EV-DNA, CTC-DNA and PBMNCs-DNA. Of note, 16% of all the somatic variants were only detectable in circulating biomarkers. Based on our analysis, cfDNA is the preferable circulating biomarker for genetic characterization in MM and its combined use with BM-DNA allows for comprehensive mutation profiling in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Heestermans
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Brouwer
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vande Broek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, VITAZ, Moerlandstraat 1, 9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Freya Vaeyens
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Caljon
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Bakkus
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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14
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Dong J, Pervaiz W, Tayyab B, Li D, Kang L, Zhang H, Gong H, Ma X, Li J, Agboyibor C, Bi Y, Liu H. A comprehensive comparative study on LSD1 in different cancers and tumor specific LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114564. [PMID: 35820351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
LSD1 was significantly over-expressed in several cancer types, and its aberrant overexpression was revealed to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Several LSD1 inhibitors that were discovered and developed so far were found to be effective in attenuating tumor growth in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the major challenge associated with the development of cancer therapies is personalized treatment. Therefore, it is essential to look in detail at how LSD1 plays its part in carcinogenesis and whether there are any different expression levels of LSD1 in different tumors. Here in this review, fresh insight into a list of function correlated LSD1 binding proteins are provided, and we tried to figure out the role of LSD1 in different cancer types, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors. A critical description of mutation preference for LSD1 in different tumors was also discussed. Recent research findings clearly showed that the abrogation of LSD1 demethylase activity via LSD1 inhibitors markedly reduced the growth of cancer cells. But there are still many ambiguities regarding the role of LSD1 in different cancers. Therefore, targeting LSD1 for treating different cancers is still reductionist, and many challenges need to be met to improve the therapeutic outcomes of LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Waqar Pervaiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bilal Tayyab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dié Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuefeng Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Bouys L, Vaczlavik A, Jouinot A, Vaduva P, Espiard S, Assié G, Libé R, Perlemoine K, Ragazzon B, Guignat L, Groussin L, Bricaire L, Cavalcante IP, Bonnet-Serrano F, Lefebvre H, Raffin-Sanson ML, Chevalier N, Touraine P, Jublanc C, Vatier C, Raverot G, Haissaguerre M, Maione L, Kroiss M, Fassnacht M, Christin-Maitre S, Pasmant E, Borson-Chazot F, Tabarin A, Vantyghem MC, Reincke M, Kamenicky P, North MO, Bertherat J. Identification of predictive criteria for pathogenic variants of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) gene ARMC5 in 352 unselected patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:123-134. [PMID: 35521700 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by adrenal macronodules and variable levels of cortisol excess, with not clearly established clinical diagnostic criteria. It can be caused by ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants. In this study, we aimed to identify predictive criteria for ARMC5 variants. METHODS We included 352 consecutive index patients from 12 European centers, sequenced for germline ARMC5 alteration. Clinical, biological and imaging data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS 52 patients (14.8%) carried ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants and showed a more distinct phenotype than non-mutated patients for cortisol excess (24-h urinary free cortisol 2.32 vs 1.11-fold ULN, respectively, P < 0.001) and adrenal morphology (maximal adrenal diameter 104 vs 83 mm, respectively, P < 0.001) and were more often surgically or medically treated (67.9 vs 36.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). ARMC5-mutated patients showed a constant, bilateral adrenal involvement and at least a possible autonomous cortisol secretion (defined by a plasma cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression above 50 nmol/L), while these criteria were not systematic in WT patients (78.3%). The association of these two criteria holds a 100% sensitivity and a 100% negative predictive value for ARMC5 pathogenic variant. CONCLUSION We report the largest series of index patients investigated for ARMC5 and confirm that ARMC5 pathogenic variants are associated with a more severe phenotype in most cases. To minimize negative ARMC5 screening, genotyping should be limited to clear bilateral adrenal involvement and autonomous cortisol secretion, with an optimum sensitivity for routine clinical practice. These findings will also help to better define PBMAH diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bouys
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Anna Vaczlavik
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, INSERM U900, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Vaduva
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rossella Libé
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Guignat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léopoldine Bricaire
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Unit of Hormonology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christel Jublanc
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Department of Endocrinology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Magalie Haissaguerre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Maione
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Unit of Oncogenetics, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Department of Endocrinology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, Lille, France
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Odile North
- Unit of Oncogenetics, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Allegra A, Casciaro M, Barone P, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Epigenetic Crosstalk between Malignant Plasma Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112597. [PMID: 35681577 PMCID: PMC9179362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, cells of the bone marrow microenvironment have a relevant responsibility in promoting the growth, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma plasma cells. In addition to the well-recognized role of genetic lesions, microenvironmental cells also present deregulated epigenetic systems. However, the effect of epigenetic changes in reshaping the tumour microenvironment is still not well identified. An assortment of epigenetic regulators, comprising histone methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, and lysine demethylases, are altered in bone marrow microenvironmental cells in multiple myeloma subjects participating in disease progression and prognosis. Aberrant epigenetics affect numerous processes correlated with the tumour microenvironment, such as angiogenesis, bone homeostasis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. This review focuses on the interplay between epigenetic alterations of the tumour milieu and neoplastic cells, trying to decipher the crosstalk between these cells. We also evaluate the possibility of intervening specifically in modified signalling or counterbalancing epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Barone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Canzian F, Piredda C, Macauda A, Zawirska D, Andersen NF, Nagler A, Zaucha JM, Mazur G, Dumontet C, Wątek M, Jamroziak K, Sainz J, Várkonyi J, Butrym A, Beider K, Abildgaard N, Lesueur F, Dudziński M, Vangsted AJ, Pelosini M, Subocz E, Petrini M, Buda G, Raźny M, Gemignani F, Marques H, Orciuolo E, Kadar K, Jurczyszyn A, Druzd-Sitek A, Vogel U, Andersen V, Reis RM, Suska A, Avet-Loiseau H, Kruszewski M, Tomczak W, Rymko M, Minvielle S, Campa D. A polygenic risk score for multiple myeloma risk prediction. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:474-479. [PMID: 34845334 PMCID: PMC8991223 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence that the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) has a solid genetic background. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 23 risk loci that contribute to the genetic susceptibility of MM, but have low individual penetrance. Combining the SNPs in a polygenic risk score (PRS) is a possible approach to improve their usefulness. Using 2361 MM cases and 1415 controls from the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMEnSE) consortium, we computed a weighted and an unweighted PRS. We observed associations with MM risk with OR = 3.44, 95% CI 2.53-4.69, p = 3.55 × 10-15 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of the weighted score, and OR = 3.18, 95% CI 2.1 = 34-4.33, p = 1.62 × 10-13 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of the unweighted score. We found a convincing association of a PRS generated with 23 SNPs and risk of MM. Our work provides additional validation of previously discovered MM risk variants and of their combination into a PRS, which is a first step towards the use of genetics for risk stratification in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Chiara Piredda
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelica Macauda
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Zawirska
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Medical University Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon/Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Hematology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Hematology department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Judit Várkonyi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aleksandra Butrym
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Medical University Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katia Beider
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech Inserm, U900, Paris, France
| | - Marek Dudziński
- Hematology Department, Teaching Hospital No 1, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Annette Juul Vangsted
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Pelosini
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edyta Subocz
- Department of Haematology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mario Petrini
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Raźny
- Department of Hematology, Rydygier Specialistic Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Herlander Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences/Molecular Oncology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Enrico Orciuolo
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katalin Kadar
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences/Molecular Oncology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, S.Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Suska
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Unité de Génomique du Myélome, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Rymko
- Department of Hematology, N. Copernicus Town Hospital, Torun, Poland
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Lin WD, Tsai FJ. Genetic Analysis of Acid β-Glucosidase in Patients with Multiple Myeloma from Central Taiwan: A Small-Cohort Case-Control Study. Biomed Hub 2022; 6:138-144. [PMID: 35083226 DOI: 10.1159/000519704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable, biologically heterogeneous disease of the plasma cells, associated with older age and is more common in men. Gaucher disease, caused by mutation in acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase, GBA) gene, has been linked to multiple cancers, especially MM. Pathological accumulation of glucosylceramide and complex glycosphingolipids coupled with chronic inflammation may be the cause of cancer in patients with Gaucher disease. In this study, we hypothesized patients with MM have mutations in the GBA gene and analyzed patients with MM to determine whether they have a higher frequency of GBA variants. Methods Twenty-four MM samples were acquired from the Human Biobank, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. GBA mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction-directed DNA sequencing. Results We found no mutations in the coding regions of GBA in any of the 24 study subjects. However, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2070679 and rs2361534, were identified. A significant difference was observed between the study and control groups (p = 0.0028) in rs2361534 allele distribution, with the C allele frequency being higher in patients (1/48, 2.1%) than in the control group (5/3030, 0.16%, Taiwan Biobank). Conclusion In this study, the sample size was limited and GBA enzyme activity was not measured; therefore, we could not establish a direct correlation between MM and GBA mutations. However, the association of rs2361534 suggests that regions around this single-nucleotide polymorphism may be involved in MM. The relationship between MM and GBA mutations remains unclear. A large sample is required for a detailed analysis of this potential relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-De Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Genetics and Metabolism, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
As germline predisposition to hematopoietic malignancies has gained increased recognition and attention in the field of oncology, it is important for clinicians to use a systematic framework for the identification, management, and surveillance of patients with hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs). In this article, we discuss strategies for identifying individuals who warrant diagnostic evaluation and describe considerations pertaining to molecular testing. Although a paucity of prospective data is available to guide clinical monitoring of individuals harboring pathogenic variants, we provide recommendations for clinical surveillance based on consensus opinion and highlight current advances regarding the risk of progression to overt malignancy in HHM variant carriers. We also discuss the prognosis of HHMs and considerations surrounding the utility of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in these individuals. We close with an overview of contemporary issues at the intersection of HHMs and precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Roloff
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael W Drazer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Singh S, Jain K, Sharma R, Singh J, Paul D. Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvir Singh
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rintu Sharma
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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21
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Chasseloup F, Bourdeau I, Tabarin A, Regazzo D, Dumontet C, Ladurelle N, Tosca L, Amazit L, Proust A, Scharfmann R, Mignot T, Fiore F, Tsagarakis S, Vassiliadi D, Maiter D, Young J, Lecoq AL, Deméocq V, Salenave S, Lefebvre H, Cloix L, Emy P, Dessailloud R, Vezzosi D, Scaroni C, Barbot M, de Herder W, Pattou F, Tétreault M, Corbeil G, Dupeux M, Lambert B, Tachdjian G, Guiochon-Mantel A, Beau I, Chanson P, Viengchareun S, Lacroix A, Bouligand J, Kamenický P. Loss of KDM1A in GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:813-824. [PMID: 34655521 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome is caused by aberrant expression of the GIP receptor in adrenal lesions. The bilateral nature of this disease suggests germline genetic predisposition. We aimed to identify the genetic driver event responsible for GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. METHODS We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study at endocrine hospitals and university hospitals in France, Canada, Italy, Greece, Belgium, and the Netherlands. We collected blood and adrenal samples from patients who had undergone unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy for GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal samples from patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia who had undergone an adrenalectomy for overt or mild Cushing's syndrome without evidence of food-dependent cortisol production and those with GIP-dependent unilateral adrenocortical adenomas were used as control groups. We performed whole genome, whole exome, and targeted next generation sequencing, and copy number analyses of blood and adrenal DNA from patients with familial or sporadic disease. We performed RNA sequencing on adrenal samples and functional analyses of the identified genetic defect in the human adrenocortical cell line H295R. FINDINGS 17 patients with GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome were studied. The median age of patients was 43·3 (95% CI 38·8-47·8) years and most patients (15 [88%]) were women. We identified germline heterozygous pathogenic or most likely pathogenic variants in the KDM1A gene in all 17 patients. We also identified a recurrent deletion in the short p arm of chromosome 1 harboring the KDM1A locus in adrenal lesions of these patients. None of the 29 patients in the control groups had KDM1A germline or somatic alterations. Concomitant genetic inactivation of both KDM1A alleles resulted in loss of KDM1A expression in adrenal lesions. Global gene expression analysis showed GIP receptor upregulation with a log2 fold change of 7·99 (95% CI 7·34-8·66; p=4·4 × 10-125), and differential regulation of several other G protein-coupled receptors in GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular hyperplasia samples compared with control samples. In vitro pharmacological inhibition and inactivation of KDM1A by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing resulted in an increase of GIP receptor transcripts and protein in human adrenocortical H295R cells. INTERPRETATION We propose that GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome results from a two-hit inactivation of KDM1A, consistent with the tumour suppressor gene model of tumorigenesis. Genetic testing and counselling should be offered to these patients and their relatives. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation du Grand défi Pierre Lavoie, and the French National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chasseloup
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Daniela Regazzo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche de Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nataly Ladurelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Larbi Amazit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; UMS 44, Institut Biomédical du Val de Bièvre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexis Proust
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Tiphaine Mignot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- US12 Centre d'immunophénomique, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Young
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Lise Lecoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vianney Deméocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Salenave
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Univ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lucie Cloix
- CHR Orleans, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Orleans, France
| | - Philippe Emy
- CHR Orleans, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Orleans, France
| | - Rachel Dessailloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and PériTox, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Carla Scaroni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wouter de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - François Pattou
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Endocrinienne, Univ Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1190, Translational Research Laboratory for Diabetes, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martine Tétreault
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Corbeil
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margot Dupeux
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Lambert
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Vaczlavik A, Bouys L, Violon F, Giannone G, Jouinot A, Armignacco R, Cavalcante IP, Berthon A, Letouzé E, Vaduva P, Barat M, Bonnet F, Perlemoine K, Ribes C, Sibony M, North MO, Espiard S, Emy P, Haissaguerre M, Tauveron I, Guignat L, Groussin L, Dousset B, Reincke M, Fragoso MC, Stratakis CA, Pasmant E, Libé R, Assié G, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. KDM1A inactivation causes hereditary food-dependent Cushing syndrome. Genet Med 2021:S1098-3600(21)05346-6. [PMID: 34906447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the genetic cause of food-dependent Cushing syndrome (FDCS) observed in patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) and adrenal ectopic expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor. Germline ARMC5 alterations have been reported in about 25% of PBMAH index cases but are absent in patients with FDCS. METHODS A multiomics analysis of PBMAH tissues from 36 patients treated by adrenalectomy was performed (RNA sequencing, single-nucleotide variant array, methylome, miRNome, exome sequencing). RESULTS The integrative analysis revealed 3 molecular groups with different clinical features, namely G1, comprising 16 patients with ARMC5 inactivating variants; G2, comprising 6 patients with FDCS with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor ectopic expression; and G3, comprising 14 patients with a less severe phenotype. Exome sequencing revealed germline truncating variants of KDM1A in 5 G2 patients, constantly associated with a somatic loss of the KDM1A wild-type allele on 1p, leading to a loss of KDM1A expression both at messenger RNA and protein levels (P = 1.2 × 10-12 and P < .01, respectively). Subsequently, KDM1A pathogenic variants were identified in 4 of 4 additional index cases with FDCS. CONCLUSION KDM1A inactivation explains about 90% of FDCS PBMAH. Genetic screening for ARMC5 and KDM1A can now be offered for most PBMAH operated patients and their families, opening the way to earlier diagnosis and improved management.
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24
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Visram A, Vachon C, Baughn LB, Larson D, Smadbeck J, Dispenzieri A, Kapoor P, Lacy MQ, Gertz MA, Buadi FK, Hayman SR, Dingli D, Kourelis T, Gonsalves W, Warsame R, Muchtar E, Leung N, Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV, Kumar S. Family history of plasma cell disorders is associated with improved survival in MGUS, multiple myeloma, and systemic AL amyloidosis. Leukemia 2021; 36:1058-1065. [PMID: 34764424 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between familial plasma cell disorders (PCD) and prognosis in patients with MGUS, multiple myeloma (MM), and systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis has not been well described. This study retrospectively reviewed outcomes of 25,423 patients (16,744 MGUS, 6194 MM, 2955 AL amyloidosis). Overall, 2.7% of patients reported having a family member with a PCD (defined as MGUS, MM, or AL amyloidosis). Family history was documented in 94% of MGUS, 92% of MM, and 88% of AL amyloidosis patients. The overall survival was consistently longer in patients with versus without familial PCD (crude hazard ratios: 0.52, 95% CI 0.40-0.67, p < 0.001 for MGUS patients; 0.68, 95% CI 0.57-0.79, p < 0.001 for MM patients; 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.84, p = 0.003 for AL patients). This association remained consistent when adjusting for baseline patient and disease characteristics. In MGUS patients, the risk of progression to MM, AL amyloidosis, or a lymphoproliferative disorder was higher in patients with familial PCD when accounting for death as a competing risk (cause-specific HR 1.9, 95% 1.3-2.7, p < 0.001). This is the first study to demonstrate that in a cohort of MGUS, MM, and systemic AL amyloidosis, patients with a PCD family history have an improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Visram
- Division of Hematology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dirk Larson
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James Smadbeck
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Martha Q Lacy
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Morie A Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Rahma Warsame
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eli Muchtar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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25
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Kalushkova A, Nylund P, Párraga AA, Lennartsson A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies. Epigenomes 2021; 5:epigenomes5040022. [PMID: 34968247 PMCID: PMC8715477 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
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26
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Hemminki K, Försti A, Houlston R, Sud A. Epidemiology, genetics and treatment of multiple myeloma and precursor diseases. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1980-1996. [PMID: 34398972 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of plasma cells. The incidence of MM worldwide is increasing with greater than 140 000 people being diagnosed with MM per year. Whereas 5-year survival after a diagnosis of MM has improved from 28% in 1975 to 56% in 2012, the disease remains essentially incurable. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MM including its epidemiology, genetics and biology. We will also provide an overview of MM management that has led to improvements in survival, including recent changes to diagnosis and therapies. Areas of unmet need include the management of patients with high-risk MM, those with reduced performance status and those refractory to standard therapies. Ongoing research into the biology and early detection of MM as well as the development of novel therapies, such as immunotherapies, has the potential to influence MM practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Department of Haemato-Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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27
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Schütt J, Nägler T, Schenk T, Brioli A. Investigating the Interplay between Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Development of Drug Resistance: Dissecting the Role of Epigenetic Modifications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164069. [PMID: 34439223 PMCID: PMC8392438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite advances made in the last two decades, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease. The genetic complexity of MM and the presence of intra-clonal heterogeneity are major contributors to disease relapse and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, the bone marrow microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in MM disease progression. Together with genetic modifications, epigenetic changes have been shown to influence MM development and progression. However, epigenetic treatments for MM are still lacking. This is mainly due to the high rate of adverse events of epigenetic drugs in clinical practice. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetic modifications in MM disease progression and the development of drug resistance, as well as their role in shaping the interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells. The current and future treatment strategies involving epigenetic drugs will also be addressed. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM). Many studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of bone marrow stromal cells in MM progression and drug resistance. Together with the BM microenvironment (BMME), epigenetics also plays a crucial role in MM development. A variety of epigenetic regulators, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs), are altered in MM, contributing to the disease progression and prognosis. In addition to histone modifications, DNA methylation also plays a crucial role. Among others, aberrant epigenetics involves processes associated with the BMME, like bone homeostasis, ECM remodeling or the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the interplay of MM cells with the BMME in the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, we will focus on the epigenetic aberrations in MM and their role in disease evolution, interaction with the BMME, disease progression and development of drug resistance. We will also briefly touch on the epigenetic treatments currently available or currently under investigation to overcome BMME-driven treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Schütt
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Theresa Nägler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Schenk
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Katainen R, Donner I, Räisänen M, Berta D, Kuosmanen A, Kaasinen E, Hietala M, Aaltonen LA. Novel germline variant in the histone demethylase and transcription regulator KDM4C induces a multi-cancer phenotype. J Med Genet 2021; 59:644-651. [PMID: 34281993 PMCID: PMC9252859 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Genes involved in epigenetic regulation are central for chromatin structure and gene expression. Specific mutations in these might promote carcinogenesis in several tissue types. Methods We used exome, whole-genome and Sanger sequencing to detect rare variants shared by seven affected individuals in a striking early-onset multi-cancer family. The only variant that segregated with malignancy resided in a histone demethylase KDM4C. Consequently, we went on to study the epigenetic landscape of the mutation carriers with ATAC, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) and RNA-sequencing from lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify possible pathogenic effects. Results A novel variant in KDM4C, encoding a H3K9me3 histone demethylase and transcription regulator, was found to segregate with malignancy in the family. Based on Roadmap Epigenomics Project data, differentially accessible chromatin regions between the variant carriers and controls enrich to normally H3K9me3-marked chromatin. We could not detect a difference in global H3K9 trimethylation levels. However, carriers of the variant seemed to have more trimethylated H3K9 at transcription start sites. Pathway analyses of ChIP-seq and differential gene expression data suggested that genes regulated through KDM4C interaction partner EZH2 and its interaction partner PLZF are aberrantly expressed in mutation carriers. Conclusions The apparent dysregulation of H3K9 trimethylation and KDM4C-associated genes in lymphoblastoid cells supports the hypothesis that the KDM4C variant is causative of the multi-cancer susceptibility in the family. As the variant is ultrarare, located in the conserved catalytic JmjC domain and predicted pathogenic by the majority of available in silico tools, further studies on the role of KDM4C in cancer predisposition are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Katainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maritta Räisänen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Davide Berta
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hietala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, TYKS Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Waller RG, Klein RJ, Vijai J, McKay JD, Clay-Gilmour A, Wei X, Madsen MJ, Sborov DW, Curtin K, Slager SL, Offit K, Vachon CM, Lipkin SM, Dumontet C, Camp NJ. Sequencing at lymphoid neoplasm susceptibility loci maps six myeloma risk genes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1142-1153. [PMID: 33751038 PMCID: PMC8188404 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic risk factors play a role in multiple myeloma (MM), yet considerable missing heritability exists. Rare risk variants at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci are a new avenue to explore. Pleiotropy between lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) has been suggested in family history and genetic studies, but no studies have interrogated sequencing for pleiotropic genes or rare risk variants. Sequencing genetically enriched cases can help discover rarer variants. We analyzed exome sequencing in familial or early-onset MM cases to identify rare, functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci for a range of LNs. A total of 149 distinct and significant LN GWAS loci have been published. We identified six recurrent, rare, potentially deleterious variants within 5 kb of significant GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms in 75 MM cases. Mutations were observed in BTNL2, EOMES, TNFRSF13B, IRF8, ACOXL and TSPAN32. All six genes replicated in an independent set of 255 early-onset MM or familial MM or precursor cases. Expansion of our analyses to the full length of these six genes resulted in a list of 39 rare and deleterious variants, seven of which segregated in MM families. Three genes also had significant rare variant burden in 733 sporadic MM cases compared with 935 control individuals: IRF8 (P = 1.0 × 10-6), EOMES (P = 6.0 × 10-6) and BTNL2 (P = 2.1 × 10-3). Together, our results implicate six genes in MM risk, provide support for genetic pleiotropy between LN subtypes and demonstrate the utility of sequencing genetically enriched cases to identify functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci.
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MESH Headings
- Acyl-CoA Oxidase/genetics
- Butyrophilins/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Risk Factors
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- Tetraspanins/genetics
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Alyssa Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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30
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Griffin Waller R, Madsen MJ, Gardner J, Sborov DW, Camp NJ. Duo Shared Genomic Segment analysis identifies a genome-wide significant risk locus at 18q21.33 in myeloma pedigrees. J Transl Genet Genom 2021; 5:112-123. [PMID: 34888494 PMCID: PMC8654160 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-risk pedigrees (HRPs) are a powerful design to map highly penetrant risk genes. We previously described Shared Genomic Segment (SGS) analysis, a mapping method for single large extended pedigrees that also addresses genetic heterogeneity inherent in complex diseases. SGS identifies shared segregating chromosomal regions that may inherit in only a subset of cases. However, single large pedigrees that are individually powerful (at least 15 meioses between studied cases) are scarce. Here, we expand the SGS strategy to incorporate evidence from two extended HRPs by identifying the same segregating risk locus in both pedigrees and allowing for some relaxation in the size of each HRP. METHODS Duo-SGS is a procedure to combine single-pedigree SGS evidence. It implements statistically rigorous duo-pedigree thresholding to determine genome-wide significance levels that account for optimization across pedigree pairs. Single-pedigree SGS identifies optimal segments shared by case subsets at each locus across the genome, with nominal significance assessed empirically. Duo-SGS combines the statistical evidence for SGS segments at the same genomic location in two pedigrees using Fisher's method. One pedigree is paired with all others and the best duo-SGS evidence at each locus across the genome is established. Genome-wide significance thresholds are determined through distribution-fitting and the Theory of Large Deviations. We applied the duoSGS strategy to eleven extended, myeloma HRPs. RESULTS We identified one genome-wide significant region at 18q21.33 (0.85 Mb, P = 7.3 × 10-9) which contains one gene, CDH20. Thirteen regions were genome-wide suggestive: 1q42.2, 2p16.1, 3p25.2, 5q21.3, 5q31.1, 6q16.1, 6q26, 7q11.23, 12q24.31, 13q13.3, 18p11.22, 18q22.3 and 19p13.12. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel risk loci with segregating evidence from multiple HRPs and offer compelling targets and specific segment carriers to focus a future search for functional variants involved in inherited risk formyeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Griffin Waller
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - John Gardner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas W. Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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31
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Clay-Gilmour AI, Hildebrandt MAT, Brown EE, Hofmann JN, Spinelli JJ, Giles GG, Cozen W, Bhatti P, Wu X, Waller RG, Belachew AA, Robinson DP, Norman AD, Sinnwell JP, Berndt SI, Rajkumar SV, Kumar SK, Chanock SJ, Machiela MJ, Milne RL, Slager SL, Camp NJ, Ziv E, Vachon CM. Coinherited genetics of multiple myeloma and its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood Adv 2020; 4:2789-97. [PMID: 32569378 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, 23 germline susceptibility loci have been associated with multiple myeloma (MM) risk. It is unclear whether the genetic variation associated with MM susceptibility also predisposes to its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Leveraging 2434 MM cases, 754 MGUS cases, and 2 independent sets of controls (2567/879), we investigated potential shared genetic susceptibility of MM and MGUS by (1) performing MM and MGUS genome-wide association studies (GWAS); (2) validating the association of a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 23 established MM loci (MM-PRS) with risk of MM, and for the first time with MGUS; and (3) examining genetic correlation of MM and MGUS. Heritability and genetic estimates yielded 17% (standard error [SE] ±0.04) and 15% (SE ±0.11) for MM and MGUS risk, respectively, and a 55% (SE ±0.30) genetic correlation. The MM-PRS was associated with risk of MM when assessed continuously (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 per SD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.21) or categorically (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.38-2.09 for highest; OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90 for lowest compared with middle quintile). The MM-PRS was similarly associated with MGUS (OR, 1.19 per SD; 95% CI, 1.14-1.26 as a continuous measure, OR, 1.77, 95%CI: 1.29-2.43 for highest and OR, 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98 for lowest compared with middle quintile). MM and MGUS associations did not differ by age, sex, or MM immunoglobulin isotype. We validated a 23-SNP MM-PRS in an independent series of MM cases and provide evidence for its association with MGUS. Our results suggest shared common genetic susceptibility to MM and MGUS.
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Shen YJ, Mishima Y, Shi J, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Redd RA, Moschetta M, Manier S, Roccaro AM, Sacco A, Tai YT, Mercier F, Kawano Y, Su NK, Berrios B, Doench JG, Root DE, Michor F, Scadden DT, Ghobrial IM. Progression signature underlies clonal evolution and dissemination of multiple myeloma. Blood 2021; 137:2360-2372. [PMID: 33150374 PMCID: PMC8085483 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution drives tumor progression, dissemination, and relapse in multiple myeloma (MM), with most patients dying of relapsed disease. This multistage process requires tumor cells to enter the circulation, extravasate, and colonize distant bone marrow (BM) sites. Here, we developed a fluorescent or DNA-barcode clone-tracking system on MM PrEDiCT (progression through evolution and dissemination of clonal tumor cells) xenograft mouse model to study clonal behavior within the BM microenvironment. We showed that only the few clones that successfully adapt to the BM microenvironment can enter the circulation and colonize distant BM sites. RNA sequencing of primary and distant-site MM tumor cells revealed a progression signature sequentially activated along human MM progression and significantly associated with overall survival when evaluated against patient data sets. A total of 28 genes were then computationally predicted to be master regulators (MRs) of MM progression. HMGA1 and PA2G4 were validated in vivo using CRISPR-Cas9 in the PrEDiCT model and were shown to be significantly depleted in distant BM sites, indicating their role in MM progression and dissemination. Loss of HMGA1 and PA2G4 also compromised the proliferation, migration, and adhesion abilities of MM cells in vitro. Overall, our model successfully recapitulates key characteristics of human MM disease progression and identified potential new therapeutic targets for MM.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Clonal Evolution
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HMGA1a Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- HMGA1a Protein/genetics
- HMGA1a Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (SIBCB), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Robert A Redd
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Sacco
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francois Mercier
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nang Kham Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brianna Berrios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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33
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Ovejero S, Moreaux J. Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma. Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical and biological data has changed the way to diagnose and treat MM. Integration of omics data (gene mutations, gene expression, epigenetic information, and protein and metabolite levels) with clinical histories of thousands of patients allows to build scores to stratify the risk at diagnosis and predict the response to treatment, helping clinicians to make better educated decisions for each particular case. There is no doubt that the future of MM treatment relies on personalized therapies based on predictive models built from omics studies. This review summarizes the current treatments and the use of omics technologies in MM, and their importance in the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France 3University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, 34093 Montpellier, France 4 Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris France
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34
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Ovejero S, Moreaux J. Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma. Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2021; 2:65-106. [PMID: 36046090 PMCID: PMC9400753 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical and biological data has changed the way to diagnose and treat MM. Integration of omics data (gene mutations, gene expression, epigenetic information, and protein and metabolite levels) with clinical histories of thousands of patients allows to build scores to stratify the risk at diagnosis and predict the response to treatment, helping clinicians to make better educated decisions for each particular case. There is no doubt that the future of MM treatment relies on personalized therapies based on predictive models built from omics studies. This review summarizes the current treatments and the use of omics technologies in MM, and their importance in the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France 3UFR Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France 4Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France
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35
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Catalano C, Paramasivam N, Blocka J, Giangiobbe S, Huhn S, Schlesner M, Weinhold N, Sijmons R, de Jong M, Langer C, Preuss KD, Nilsson B, Durie B, Goldschmidt H, Bandapalli OR, Hemminki K, Försti A. Characterization of rare germline variants in familial multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:33. [PMID: 33583942 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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36
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Trottier AM, Godley LA. Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies: overcoming barriers and exploring opportunities. Br J Haematol 2020; 194:663-676. [PMID: 33615436 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies, due to deleterious germline variants in a variety of genes, is an important clinical entity with implications for the health and management of patients and their family members. Unfortunately, there remain several common misconceptions in this field that can result in patients going unrecognised and/or having incomplete or improper testing including: the impression that inherited haematological malignancy syndromes are rare, that myeloid and lymphoid malignancy predisposition syndromes are mutually exclusive, and that solid tumour predisposition syndromes are unique and distinct from haematopoietic malignancy predisposition syndromes. In the present review, we challenge these ideas with our insights into germline genetic testing for these conditions with the hope that increased awareness and knowledge will overcome barriers and lead to improved diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trottier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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37
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Da Vià MC, Ziccheddu B, Maeda A, Bagnoli F, Perrone G, Bolli N. A Journey Through Myeloma Evolution: From the Normal Plasma Cell to Disease Complexity. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e502. [PMID: 33283171 PMCID: PMC7710229 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cancer origin and the subsequent tracking of disease evolution represent unmet needs that will soon be within clinical reach. This will provide the opportunity to improve patient's stratification and to personalize treatments based on cancer biology along its life history. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy with a well-known multi-stage disease course, where such approach can sooner translate into a clinical benefit. We describe novel insights into modes and timing of disease initiation. We dissect the biology of the preclinical and pre-malignant phases, elucidating how knowledge of the genomics of the disease and the composition of the microenvironment allow stratification of patients based on risk of disease progression. Then, we explore cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic drivers of MM evolution to symptomatic disease. Finally, we discuss how this may relate to the development of refractory disease after treatment. By integrating an evolutionary view of myeloma biology with the recent acquisitions on its clonal heterogeneity, we envision a way to drive the clinical management of the disease based on its detailed biological features more than surrogates of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo C. Da Vià
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bagnoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perrone
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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38
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Tricarico R, Nicolas E, Hall MJ, Golemis EA. X- and Y-Linked Chromatin-Modifying Genes as Regulators of Sex-Specific Cancer Incidence and Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5567-5578. [PMID: 32732223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex profoundly conditions organismal development and physiology, imposing wide-ranging effects on cell signaling, metabolism, and immune response. These effects arise from sex-specified differences in hormonal exposure, and from intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences associated with the presence of an XX versus XY chromosomal complement. In addition, biological sex is now recognized to be a determinant of the incidence, presentation, and therapeutic response of multiple forms of cancer, including cancers not specifically associated with male or female anatomy. Although multiple factors contribute to sex-based differences in cancer, a growing body of research emphasizes a role for differential activity of X- and Y-linked tumor-suppressor genes in males and females. Among these, the X-linked KDM6A/UTX and KDM5C/JARID1C/SMCX, and their Y-linked paralogs UTY/KDM6C and KDM5D/JARID1D/SMCY encode lysine demethylases. These epigenetic modulators profoundly influence gene expression, based on enzymatic activity in demethylating H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and nonenzymatic scaffolding roles for large complexes that open and close chromatin for transcription. In a growing number of cases, mutations affecting these proteins have been recognized to strongly influence cancer risk, prognosis, and response to specific therapies. However, sex-specific patterns of mutation, expression, and activity of these genes, coupled with tissue-specific requirement for their function as tumor suppressors, together exemplify the complex relationship between sex and cancer vulnerabilities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current state of the literature on the roles of these proteins in contributing to sex bias in cancer, and the status of clinical agents relevant to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tricarico
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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39
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Mangaonkar AA, Patnaik MM. Hereditary Predisposition to Hematopoietic Neoplasms: When Bloodline Matters for Blood Cancers. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1482-1498. [PMID: 32571604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of precision genomics, hereditary predisposition to hematopoietic neoplasms- collectively known as hereditary predisposition syndromes (HPS)-are being increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Familial clustering was first observed in patients with leukemia, which led to the identification of several germline variants, such as RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, ANKRD26, DDX41, and ETV6, among others, now established as HPS, with tendency to develop myeloid neoplasms. However, evidence for hereditary predisposition is also apparent in lymphoid and plasma--cell neoplasms, with recent discoveries of germline variants in genes such as IKZF1, SH2B3, PAX5 (familial acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and KDM1A/LSD1 (familial multiple myeloma). Specific inherited bone marrow failure syndromes-such as GATA2 haploinsufficiency syndromes, short telomere syndromes, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, severe congenital neutropenia, and familial thrombocytopenias-also have an increased predisposition to develop myeloid neoplasms, whereas inherited immune deficiency syndromes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, and Bruton agammaglobulinemia, are associated with an increased risk for lymphoid neoplasms. Timely recognition of HPS is critical to ensure safe choice of donors and/or conditioning-regimen intensity for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and to enable direction of appropriate genomics-driven personalized therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of HPS and serve as a useful reference for clinicians to recognize relevant signs and symptoms among patients to enable timely screening and referrals to pursue germline assessment. In addition, we also discuss our institutional approach toward identification of HPS and offer a stepwise diagnostic and management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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40
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Alagpulinsa DA, Szalat RE, Poznansky MC, Shmookler Reis RJ. Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:858-873. [PMID: 32487486 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability (GIN), an increased tendency to acquire genomic alterations, is a cancer hallmark. However, its frequency, underlying causes, and disease relevance vary across different cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, evolves through premalignant phases characterized by genomic abnormalities. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are deconstructing the genomic landscape of MM across the continuum of its development, inextricably linking malignant transformation and disease progression with increasing acquisition of genomic alterations, and illuminating the mechanisms that generate these alterations. Although GIN drives disease evolution, it also creates vulnerabilities such as dependencies on 'superfluous' repair mechanisms and the induction of tumor-specific antigens that can be targeted. We review the mechanisms of GIN in MM, the associated vulnerabilities, and therapeutic targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Raphael E Szalat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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41
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Abstract
The human epigenome plays a key role in determining cellular identity and eventually function. Drug discovery undertakings have focused mainly on the role of genomics in carcinogenesis, with the focus turning to the epigenome recently. Drugs targeting DNA and histone modifications are under development with some such as 5-azacytidine, decitabine, vorinostat, and panobinostat already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This expert review offers a critical analysis of the epigenomics-guided drug discovery and development and the opportunities and challenges for the next decade. Importantly, the coupling of epigenetic editing techniques, such as clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) and APOBEC-coupled epigenetic sequencing (ACE-seq) with epigenetic drug screens, will allow the identification of small-molecule inhibitors or drugs able to reverse epigenetic changes responsible for many diseases. In addition, concrete and sustainable innovation in cancer treatment ought to integrate epigenome targeting drugs with classic therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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42
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Bolli N, Genuardi E, Ziccheddu B, Martello M, Oliva S, Terragna C. Next-Generation Sequencing for Clinical Management of Multiple Myeloma: Ready for Prime Time? Front Oncol 2020; 10:189. [PMID: 32181154 PMCID: PMC7057289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized treatment is an attractive strategy that promises increased efficacy with reduced side effects in cancer. The feasibility of such an approach has been greatly boosted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, which can return detailed information on the genome and on the transcriptome of each patient's tumor, thus highlighting biomarkers of response or druggable targets that may differ from case to case. However, while the number of cancers sequenced is growing exponentially, much fewer cases are amenable to a molecularly-guided treatment outside of clinical trials to date. In multiple myeloma, genomic analysis shows a variety of gene mutations, aneuploidies, segmental copy-number changes, translocations that are extremely heterogeneous, and more numerous than other hematological malignancies. Currently, in routine clinical practice we employ reduced FISH panels that only capture three high-risk features as part of the R-ISS. On the contrary, recent advances have suggested that extending genomic analysis to the full spectrum of recurrent mutations and structural abnormalities in multiple myeloma may have biological and clinical implications. Furthermore, increased efficacy of novel treatments can now produce deeper responses, and standard methods do not have enough sensitivity to stratify patients in complete biochemical remission. Consequently, NGS techniques have been developed to monitor the size of the clone to a sensitivity of up to a cell in a million after treatment. However, even these techniques are not within reach of standard laboratories. In this review we will recapitulate recent advances in multiple myeloma genomics, with special focus on the ones that may have immediate translational impact. We will analyze the benefits and pitfalls of NGS-based diagnostics, highlighting crucial aspects that will need to be taken into account before this can be implemented in most laboratories. We will make the point that a new era in myeloma diagnostics and minimal residual disease monitoring is close and conventional genetic testing will not be able to return the required information. This will mandate that even in routine practice NGS should soon be adopted owing to a higher informative potential with increasing clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Bolli
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Genuardi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Martello
- Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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43
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Lee TW, Katz DJ. Hansel, Gretel, and the Consequences of Failing to Remove Histone Methylation Breadcrumbs. Trends Genet 2020; 36:160-76. [PMID: 32007289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Like breadcrumbs in the forest, cotranscriptionally acquired histone methylation acts as a memory of prior transcription. Because it can be retained through cell divisions, transcriptional memory allows cells to coordinate complex transcriptional programs during development. However, if not reprogrammed properly during cell fate transitions, it can also disrupt cellular identity. In this review, we discuss the consequences of failure to reprogram histone methylation during three crucial epigenetic reprogramming windows: maternal reprogramming at fertilization, embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation, and the continuous maintenance of cell identity in differentiated cells. In addition, we discuss how following the wrong breadcrumb trail of transcriptional memory provides a framework for understanding how heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in histone-modifying enzymes may cause severe neurodevelopmental disorders.
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44
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Pertesi M, Went M, Hansson M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS, Nilsson B. Genetic predisposition for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2020; 34:697-708. [PMID: 31913320 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common blood malignancy. Epidemiological family studies going back to the 1920s have provided evidence for familial aggregation, suggesting a subset of cases have an inherited genetic background. Recently, studies aimed at explaining this phenomenon have begun to provide direct evidence for genetic predisposition to MM. Genome-wide association studies have identified common risk alleles at 24 independent loci. Sequencing studies of familial cases and kindreds have begun to identify promising candidate genes where variants with strong effects on MM risk might reside. Finally, functional studies are starting to give insight into how identified risk alleles promote the development of MM. Here, we review recent findings in MM predisposition field, and highlight open questions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroulio Pertesi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Markus Hansson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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45
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Abstract
The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is increasing worldwide, but the rate of increase is greatest in Asia. Few data describe the epidemiology and treatment of MM in Asia. Building on a cohort study from 2007 to 2012 using the Taiwan National Healthcare Insurance Research database, we extended our analysis to estimate the disease burden and treatment patterns of patients with MM in Taiwan through 2015. A further 1664 patients with newly diagnosed MM from 2013 to 2015 (total 4387 patients from 2007 to 2015) were enrolled and followed up until death or end of the observation period (December 31, 2016), whichever occurred first. The age distribution of the 2013–2015 cohort was similar to that for previous years, but there were fewer men (52.1% versus 58.0%), and more patients had renal impairment at diagnosis (19.7% versus 16.4%). From 2007 to 2015, crude annual incidences per 100,000 population of newly diagnosed MM increased from 1.74 to 2.48 and age-adjusted incidences from 1.41 to 1.65. Crude all-cause mortality rates increased over time. Case fatality decreased from 25.5 to 18.3% and median survival increased from 2.10 to 3.12 years. From 2007 to 2015, the percentage of patients receiving first-line therapy with novel agents increased from 0.4 to 89.4%, autologous stem cell transplantation doubled, and chemotherapy use decreased by 81%. Comprehensive national data covering 9 years of follow-up demonstrate continuing change in the disease burden, treatment, and survival of MM in Taiwan. Despite increased use of new treatments, MM remains largely incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, No.172-1 Keelung Road, Section 2, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Janssen Research & Development Epidemiology, 319 DunHua South Road, Taipei City, 10669, Taiwan
| | - Hong Qiu
- Global Epidemiology, Janssen Research & Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Global Epidemiology, Janssen Research & Development, 2 Science Park Drive, Singapore, 118222, Singapore.
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46
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Cowan AJ, Allen C, Barac A, Basaleem H, Bensenor I, Curado MP, Foreman K, Gupta R, Harvey J, Hosgood HD, Jakovljevic M, Khader Y, Linn S, Lad D, Mantovani L, Nong VM, Mokdad A, Naghavi M, Postma M, Roshandel G, Shackelford K, Sisay M, Nguyen CT, Tran TT, Xuan BT, Ukwaja KN, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Libby EN, Fitzmaurice C. Global Burden of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:1221-1227. [PMID: 29800065 PMCID: PMC6143021 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Question What is the burden of multiple myeloma globally and by country, how has it changed over time, and how widely available are treatments for this disease? Findings Myeloma incident cases and deaths increased from 1990 to 2016, with middle-income countries contributing the most to this increase. Treatment availability is very limited in countries with low socioeconomic development. Meaning Marked variation in myeloma incidence and mortality across countries highlights the need to improve access to diagnosis and effective therapy and to expand research on etiological determinants of myeloma. Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm with substantial morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive description of the global burden of MM is needed to help direct health policy, resource allocation, research, and patient care. Objective To describe the burden of MM and the availability of effective therapies for 21 world regions and 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting We report incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study. Data sources include vital registration system, cancer registry, drug availability, and survey data for stem cell transplant rates. We analyzed the contribution of aging, population growth, and changes in incidence rates to the overall change in incident cases from 1990 to 2016 globally, by sociodemographic index (SDI) and by region. We collected data on approval of lenalidomide and bortezomib worldwide. Main Outcomes and Measures Multiple myeloma mortality; incidence; years lived with disabilities; years of life lost; and DALYs by age, sex, country, and year. Results Worldwide in 2016 there were 138 509 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 121 000-155 480) incident cases of MM with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 2.1 per 100 000 persons (95% UI, 1.8-2.3). Incident cases from 1990 to 2016 increased by 126% globally and by 106% to 192% for all SDI quintiles. The 3 world regions with the highest ASIR of MM were Australasia, North America, and Western Europe. Multiple myeloma caused 2.1 million (95% UI, 1.9-2.3 million) DALYs globally in 2016. Stem cell transplantation is routinely available in higher-income countries but is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East. In 2016, lenalidomide and bortezomib had been approved in 73 and 103 countries, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Incidence of MM is highly variable among countries but has increased uniformly since 1990, with the largest increase in middle and low-middle SDI countries. Access to effective care is very limited in many countries of low socioeconomic development, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Global health policy priorities for MM are to improve diagnostic and treatment capacity in low and middle income countries and to ensure affordability of effective medications for every patient. Research priorities are to elucidate underlying etiological factors explaining the heterogeneity in myeloma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Cowan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christine Allen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Accamargo Cancer Center, São Paolo, Brazil.,International Prevention Research Institute, Ecully, France
| | - Kyle Foreman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rahul Gupta
- West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston
| | - James Harvey
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Center for Health Trends and Forecasts, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Deepesh Lad
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Candigarh, India
| | | | - Vuong Minh Nong
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Ali Mokdad
- International Prevention Research Institute, Ecully, France
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- International Prevention Research Institute, Ecully, France
| | | | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katya Shackelford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Tung Thanh Tran
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Bach Tran Xuan
- Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo
| | - Edward N Libby
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christina Fitzmaurice
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.,Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle
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47
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a block in cellular differentiation. Recent studies have shown that small molecules targeting Lysine Specific Demethylase 1A (KDM1A) may force the malignant cells to terminally differentiate. KDM1A is a core component of the chromatin binding CoREST complex. Together with histone deacetylases CoREST regulates gene expression by histone 3 demethylation and deacetylation. The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B (for growth factor independence) are major interaction partners of KDM1A and recruit the CoREST complex to chromatin in myeloid cells. Recent studies show that the small molecules that target KDM1A disrupt the GFI1/1B-CoREST interaction and that this is key to inducing terminal differentiation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bert A. van der Reijden
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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48
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Sud A, Chattopadhyay S, Thomsen H, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Houlston RS, Hemminki K. Analysis of 153 115 patients with hematological malignancies refines the spectrum of familial risk. Blood 2019; 134:960-969. [PMID: 31395603 PMCID: PMC6789511 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating familial cancer risks is clinically important in being able to discriminate between individuals in the population at differing risk for malignancy. To gain insight into the familial risk for the different hematological malignancies and their possible inter-relationship, we analyzed data on more than 16 million individuals from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. After identifying 153 115 patients diagnosed with a primary hematological malignancy, we quantified familial relative risks (FRRs) by calculating standardized incident ratios (SIRs) in 391 131 of their first-degree relatives. The majority of hematological malignancies showed increased FRRs for the same tumor type, with the highest FRRs being observed for mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 16.7), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (SIR, 15.8), and mantle cell lymphoma (SIR, 13.3). There was evidence for pleiotropic relationships; notably, chronic lymphocytic leukemia was associated with an elevated familial risk for other B-cell tumors and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Collectively, these data provide evidence for shared etiological factors for many hematological malignancies and provide information for identifying individuals at increased risk, as well as informing future gene discovery initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subhayan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; and
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; and
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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49
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Pertesi M, Vallée M, Wei X, Revuelta MV, Galia P, Demangel D, Oliver J, Foll M, Chen S, Perrial E, Garderet L, Corre J, Leleu X, Boyle EM, Decaux O, Rodon P, Kolb B, Slama B, Mineur P, Voog E, Le Bris C, Fontan J, Maigre M, Beaumont M, Azais I, Sobol H, Vignon M, Royer B, Perrot A, Fuzibet JG, Dorvaux V, Anglaret B, Cony-Makhoul P, Berthou C, Desquesnes F, Pegourie B, Leyvraz S, Mosser L, Frenkiel N, Augeul-Meunier K, Leduc I, Leyronnas C, Voillat L, Casassus P, Mathiot C, Cheron N, Paubelle E, Moreau P, Bignon YJ, Joly B, Bourquard P, Caillot D, Naman H, Rigaudeau S, Marit G, Macro M, Lambrecht I, Cliquennois M, Vincent L, Helias P, Avet-Loiseau H, Moreno V, Reis RM, Varkonyi J, Kruszewski M, Vangsted AJ, Jurczyszyn A, Zaucha JM, Sainz J, Krawczyk-Kulis M, Wątek M, Pelosini M, Iskierka-Jażdżewska E, Grząśko N, Martinez-Lopez J, Jerez A, Campa D, Buda G, Lesueur F, Dudziński M, García-Sanz R, Nagler A, Rymko M, Jamroziak K, Butrym A, Canzian F, Obazee O, Nilsson B, Klein RJ, Lipkin SM, McKay JD, Dumontet C. Exome sequencing identifies germline variants in DIS3 in familial multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2019; 33:2324-2330. [PMID: 30967618 PMCID: PMC6756025 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maroulio Pertesi
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maxime Vallée
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Perrine Galia
- ProfilExpert, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Javier Oliver
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria; Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), CIMES, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Matthieu Foll
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Siwei Chen
- Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emeline Perrial
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, CRCL, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Garderet
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Departement d'hematologie et de therapie cellulaire, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
| | - Jill Corre
- IUC-Oncopole and CRCT INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Inserm CIC 1402 & Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU La Miletrie, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Olivier Decaux
- Service de Medecine Interne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
- Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM UMR U1236, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Rodon
- Unite d'Hematologie et d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier, Perigueux, France
| | | | - Borhane Slama
- Service d'Onco hematologie, CH Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Mineur
- Hematologie et pathologies de la coagulation, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Eric Voog
- Centre Jean Bernard, Institut Inter-regional de Cancerologie, Le Mans, France
| | - Catherine Le Bris
- Service post urgences, CHU de FORT DE FRANCE, pôle RASSUR, Martinique, France
| | - Jean Fontan
- Hopital Jean Minjoz, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Maigre
- Service d'Hemato-Oncologie, CHU Chartres, Chartres, France
| | - Marie Beaumont
- Hematologie clinique et therapie cellulaire, CHU Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | - Hagay Sobol
- Cancer Genetics Department, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bruno Royer
- Service d'Immuno-hematologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Perrot
- Service d'Hematologie, CHU de Nancy, Universite de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascale Cony-Makhoul
- Service d'Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
| | | | | | | | - Serge Leyvraz
- Departement d'oncologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mosser
- Unite d'oncologie medicale, Pôle medical 2, Hôpital Jacques Puel, Rodez, France
| | | | - Karine Augeul-Meunier
- Service Hematologie, Institut de Cancerologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | | | - Cécile Leyronnas
- Institut Daniel Hollard, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Voillat
- Service hemato/oncologie, CH William Morey, Chalon sur Saône, France
| | | | - Claire Mathiot
- Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM), Bobigny, France
| | | | | | | | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Medicale OncoGènAuvergne; Departement d'oncogenetique, UMR INSERM 1240, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Joly
- Service d'hematologie clinique, Pôle medecine de specialite, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien (CHSF), Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Naman
- Hematologie - Oncologie medicale, Centre Azureen de Cancerologie, Mougins, France
| | - Sophie Rigaudeau
- Service d'Hematologie et d'Oncologie, CHU de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Gérald Marit
- INSERM U1035, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Margaret Macro
- Hematologie Clinique, IHBN-CHU CAEN (University Hospital), Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Lambrecht
- Rheumatology Department, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Manuel Cliquennois
- Unite d'Hematologie clinique, Groupement des hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique (GHICL), Universite Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laure Vincent
- Departement d'hematologie clinique, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Helias
- Service d'Oncologie medicale, CHU de La Guadeloupe, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Laboratory for Genomics in Myeloma, Institut Universitaire du Cancer and University Hospital, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Judit Varkonyi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Annette Juul Vangsted
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Hematology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Maciej Zaucha
- Gdynia Oncology Center, Gdynia and Department of Oncological Propedeutics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Krawczyk-Kulis
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Hematology-Oncology M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Holycross Cancer Center of Kielce, Hematology Clinic, Kielce, Poland
| | - Matteo Pelosini
- Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies, Section of Hematology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Norbert Grząśko
- Department of Experimental Hemato-oncology, Medical University of Lubli, Poland; Department of Hematology, St. John's Cancer Centre, Polish Myeloma Study Group, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joaquin Martinez-Lopez
- Hematology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense; CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Jerez
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Holycross Cancer Center of Kielce, Hematology Clinic, Kielce, Poland
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm U900, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | | | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Marcin Rymko
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Hospital, Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Charles Dumontet
- ProfilExpert, Lyon, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, CRCL, Lyon, France.
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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50
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Milan T, Canaj H, Villeneuve C, Ghosh A, Barabé F, Cellot S, Wilhelm BT. Pediatric leukemia: Moving toward more accurate models. Exp Hematol 2019; 74:1-12. [PMID: 31154068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a complex genetic disease caused by errors in differentiation, growth, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells in either lymphoid or myeloid lineages. Large-scale genomic characterization of thousands of leukemia patients has produced a tremendous amount of data that have enabled a better understanding of the differences between adult and pediatric patients. For instance, although phenotypically similar, pediatric and adult myeloid leukemia patients differ in their mutational profiles, typically involving either chromosomal translocations or recurrent single-base-pair mutations, respectively. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of this cancer, continual efforts have been made to develop more contextually and biologically relevant experimental models. Leukemic cell lines, for example, provide an inexpensive and tractable model but often fail to recapitulate critical aspects of tumor biology. Likewise, murine leukemia models of leukemia have been highly informative but also do not entirely reproduce the human disease. More recent advances in the development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) or human models of leukemias are poised to provide a more comprehensive, and biologically relevant, approach to directly assess the impact of the in vivo environment on human samples. In this review, the advantages and limitations of the various current models used to functionally define the genetic requirements of leukemogenesis are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hera Canaj
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloe Villeneuve
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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