1
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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2
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Gupta A, Dagar G, Chauhan R, Sadida HQ, Almarzooqi SK, Hashem S, Uddin S, Macha MA, Akil ASAS, Pandita TK, Bhat AA, Singh M. Cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer: Role, regulation, and therapeutic targeting. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:21-55. [PMID: 37061333 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell division is one of the fundamental phenomena which is the basis of all life on earth. Even a single base pair mutation in DNA leads to the production of the dysregulated protein that can have catastrophic consequences. Cell division is tightly controlled and orchestrated by proteins called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs), which serve as licensing factors during different phases of cell division. Dysregulated cell division is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer and is commonly associated with a mutation in cyclins and CDKs along with tumor suppressor proteins. Therefore, targeting the component of the cell cycle which leads to these characteristics would be an effective strategy for treating cancers. Specifically, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation have been identified to be overexpressed in many cancers. Many studies indicate that oncogenesis occurs in cancerous cells by the overactivity of different CDKs, which impact cell cycle progression and checkpoint dysregulation which is responsible for development of tumor. The development of CDK inhibitors has emerged as a promising and novel approach for cancer treatment in both solid and hematological malignancies. Some of the novel CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in clinical trials, such as-Ribociclib®, Palbociclib® and Abemaciclib®, which are CDK4/6 inhibitors and have received FDA approval for the treatment of breast cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanism through which cyclins and CDKs regulate cell cycle progression and the emergence of cyclins and CDKs as rational targets in cancer. We also discuss recent advances in developing CDK inhibitors, which have emerged as a novel class of inhibitors, and their associated toxicities in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara K Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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3
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Cyclin-dependent kinases as potential targets for colorectal cancer: past, present and future. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1087-1105. [PMID: 35703127 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in the world and its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. Deregulated cell cycle traverse is a hallmark of malignant transformation and is often observed in CRC as a result of imprecise activity of cell cycle regulatory components, viz. cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Apart from cell cycle regulation, some CDKs also regulate processes such as transcription and have also been shown to be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. This article aims to review cyclin-dependent kinases as potential targets for CRC. Furthermore, therapeutic candidates to target CDKs are also discussed.
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Moore KM, Cerqueira V, MacLeod KG, Mullen P, Hayward RL, Green S, Harrison DJ, Cameron DA, Langdon SP. Collateral-resistance to estrogen and HER-activated growth is associated with modified AKT, ERα, and cell-cycle signaling in a breast cancer model. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:97-116. [PMID: 35441158 PMCID: PMC7612628 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A model of progressively endocrine-resistant breast cancer was investigated to identify changes that can occur in signaling pathways after endocrine manipulation. Methods: The MCF7 breast cancer model is sensitive to estrogens and anti-estrogens while variant lines previously derived from wild-type MCF7 are either relatively 17β-estradiol (E2
)-insensitive (LCC1) or fully resistant to estrogen and anti-estrogens (LCC9). Results: In LCC1 and LCC9 cell lines, loss of estrogen sensitivity was accompanied by loss of growth response to transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), heregulin-beta and pertuzumab. LCC1 and LCC9 cells had enhanced AKT phosphorylation relative to MCF7 which was reflected in downstream activation of phospho-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phospho-S6, and phospho-estrogen receptor alpha Ser167 [ERα(Ser167)]. Both AKT2 and AKT3 were phosphorylated in the resistant cell lines, but small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown suggested that all three AKT isoforms contributed to growth response. ERα(Ser118) phosphorylation was increased by E2 and TGFα in MCF7, by E2 only in LCC1, but by neither in LCC9 cells. Multiple alterations in E2-mediated cell cycle control were identified in the endocrine-resistant cell lines including increased expression of MYC, cyclin A1, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), CDK2, and hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (ppRb), whereas p21 and p27 were reduced. Estrogen modulated expression of these regulators in MCF7 and LCC1 cells but not in LCC9 cells. Seliciclib inhibited CDK2 activation in MCF7 cells but not in resistant variants; in all lines, it reduced ppRb, increased p53 associated responses including p21, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and p53 apoptosis-inducing protein 1 (p53AIP1), inhibited growth, and produced G2/M block and apoptosis. Conclusions: Multiple changes occur with progression of endocrine resistance in this model with AKT activation contributing to E2 insensitivity and loss of ERα(Ser118) phosphorylation being associated with full resistance. Cell cycle regulation is modified in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, and seliciclib is effective in both endocrine-sensitive and resistant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Moore
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK 2Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Vera Cerqueira
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK 3West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, G51 4TF Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth G. MacLeod
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Mullen
- 4School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9TF St Andrews, UK
| | - Richard L. Hayward
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Green
- 5Cyclacel Ltd, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, DD1 5JJ Dundee, UK
| | - David J. Harrison
- 4School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9TF St Andrews, UK
| | - David A. Cameron
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- 1Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Ettl T, Schulz D, Bauer RJ. The Renaissance of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:293. [PMID: 35053461 PMCID: PMC8773807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) regulate cell cycle progression. During tumor development, altered expression and availability of CDKs strongly contribute to impaired cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, targeted inhibition of CDKs has shown considerable therapeutic benefit in a variety of tumor entities. Their success is reflected in clinical approvals of specific CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer. This review provides a detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of CDKs as well as a general overview of CDK inhibition. It also summarizes the latest research approaches and current advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer with CDK inhibitors. Instead of monotherapies, combination therapies with CDK inhibitors may especially provide promising results in tumor therapy. Indeed, recent studies have shown a synergistic effect of CDK inhibition together with chemo- and radio- and immunotherapy in cancer treatment to overcome tumor evasion, which may lead to a renaissance of CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Josef Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Huang Z, Wang T, Wang C, Fan Y. CDK9 Inhibitors in Cancer Research. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:688-710. [PMID: 35814933 PMCID: PMC9215160 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) played an essential role in regulating transcriptional elongation. Aberrations in CDK9 activity have been observed in various cancers, which made CDK9 was an attractive therapeutic...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Therapeutic Targeting of the General RNA Polymerase II Transcription Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093354. [PMID: 32397434 PMCID: PMC7246882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting the general RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription machinery are candidate therapeutics in cancer and other complex diseases. Here, we review the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of these compounds, framing them within the steps of RNAPII transcription. We discuss the effects of transcription inhibitors in vitro and in cellular models (with an emphasis on cancer), as well as their efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. We also discuss the rationale for inhibiting broadly acting transcriptional regulators or RNAPII itself in complex diseases.
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8
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Rashid A, Duan X, Gao F, Yang M, Yen A. Roscovitine enhances all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced nuclear enrichment of an ensemble of activated signaling molecules and augments ATRA-induced myeloid cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1017-1036. [PMID: 32256976 PMCID: PMC7105165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ATRA represents a successful differentiation therapy for APL, it is largely ineffective for non-APL AMLs. Hence combination therapies using an agent targeting ATRA-regulated molecules that drive cell differentiation/arrest are of interest. Using the HL-60 human non-APL AML model where ATRA causes nuclear enrichment of c-Raf that drives differentiation/G0-arrest, we now observe that roscovitine enhanced nuclear enrichment of certain traditionally cytoplasmic signaling molecules and enhanced differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Roscovitine upregulated ATRA-induced nuclear c-Raf phosphorylation at S259 and S289/296/301. Nuclear c-Raf interacted with RB protein and specifically with pS608RB, the hinge region phosphorylation controlling E2F binding and cell cycle progression. ATRA-induced loss of pS608RB with cell cycle arrest was associated with loss of RB-sequestered c-Raf, thereby coupling cell cycle arrest and increased availability of c-Raf to promote differentiation. Part of this mechanism reflects promoting cell cycle arrest via ATRA-induced upregulation of the p27 Kip1 CDKI. Roscovitine also enhanced the ATRA-induced nuclear enrichment of other signaling molecules traditionally perceived as cytoplasmic promoters of proliferation, but now known to promote differentiation; in particular: SFKs, Lyn, Fgr; adaptor proteins, c-Cbl, SLP-76; a guanine exchange factor, Vav1; and a transcription factor, IRF-1. Akin to c-Raf, Lyn bound to RB, specifically to pS608RB. Lyn-pS608RB association was greatly diminished by ATRA and essentially lost in ATRA plus roscovitine treated cells. Interestingly Lyn-KD enhanced such ATRA-induced nuclear signaling and differentiation and made roscovitine more effective. ATRA thus mobilized traditionally cytoplasmic signaling molecules to the nucleus where they drove differentiation which were further enhanced by roscovitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Ertekin E, Gencturk E, Kasim M, Ulgen KO. A Drug Repurposing and Protein-Protein Interaction Network Study of Ribosomopathies Using Yeast as a Model System. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 24:96-109. [PMID: 31895625 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomopathies result in various cancers, neurodegenerative and viral diseases, and other pathologies such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Their pathophysiology at a proteome and functional level remains to be determined. Protein networks and highly connected hub proteins for ribosome biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae offer a potential as a model system to inform future therapeutic innovation in ribosomopathies. In this context, we report a ribosome biogenesis protein-protein interaction network in S. cerevisiae, created with 1772 proteins and 22,185 physical interactions connecting them. Moreover, by network decomposition analysis, we determined the linear pathways between the transcription factors and target proteins with a view to drug repurposing. While considering only the paths containing the three C/D box proteins (Nop56, Nop58, and Nop1), the most frequently encountered proteins were Aft1, Htz1, Ssa1, Ssb1, Ssb2, Gcn5, Cka1, Tef1, Nop1, Cdc28, Act1, Krr1, Rpl8B, and Tor1, which were then identified as potential drug targets. For drug repurposing, these candidate proteins were further searched in the DrugBank to find other diseases associated with them, as well as the drugs used to treat these diseases. To support the computational results, an experimental study was conducted using in-house manufactured microfluidic bioreactor platform, while the effect of the drug temsirolimus, Tor1 inhibitor, on yeast cells was investigated by following Nop56 protein expression. In conclusion, these results inform the ways in which ribosomopathies and associated common complex human diseases materialize and how drug repurposing might accelerate therapeutic innovation through bioinformatic studies of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Ertekin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Kasim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Hansen KØ, Andersen JH, Bayer A, Pandey SK, Lorentzen M, Jørgensen KB, Sydnes MO, Guttormsen Y, Baumann M, Koch U, Klebl B, Eickhoff J, Haug BE, Isaksson J, Hansen EH. Kinase Chemodiversity from the Arctic: The Breitfussins. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10167-10181. [PMID: 31647655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that the indole-oxazole-pyrrole framework of the breitfussin family of natural products is a promising scaffold for kinase inhibition. Six new halogenated natural products, breitfussin C-H (3 - 8) were isolated and characterized from the Arctic, marine hydrozoan Thuiaria breitfussi. The structures of two of the new natural products were also confirmed by total synthesis. Two of the breitfussins (3 and 4) were found to selectively inhibit the survival of several cancer cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 340 nM measured against the drug-resistant triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468, while leaving the majority of the tested cell lines not or significantly less affected. When tested against panels of protein kinases, 3 gave IC50 and Kd values as low as 200 and 390 nM against the PIM1 and DRAK1 kinases, respectively. The activity was confirmed to be mediated through ATP competitive binding in the ATP binding pocket of the kinases. Furthermore, evaluation of potential off-target and toxicological effects, as well as relevant in vitro ADME parameters for 3 revealed that the breitfussin scaffold holds promise for the development of selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Ø Hansen
- Marbio , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Jeanette H Andersen
- Marbio , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Sunil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , NO-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Marianne Lorentzen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering , University of Stavanger , NO-4036 Stavanger , Norway
| | - Kåre B Jørgensen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering , University of Stavanger , NO-4036 Stavanger , Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering , University of Stavanger , NO-4036 Stavanger , Norway
| | - Yngve Guttormsen
- Department of Chemistry , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Matthias Baumann
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Uwe Koch
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Bengt Erik Haug
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , NO-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Espen H Hansen
- Marbio , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø , Norway
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11
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Cernuda B, Fernandes CT, Allam SM, Orzillo M, Suppa G, Chia Chang Z, Athanasopoulos D, Buraei Z. The molecular determinants of R-roscovitine block of hERG channels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217733. [PMID: 31479461 PMCID: PMC6719874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ether-à-go-go-related gene (Kv11.1, or hERG) is a potassium channel that conducts the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) during the repolarization phase of cardiac action potentials. hERG channels have a larger pore than other K+channels and can trap many unintended drugs, often resulting in acquired LQTS (aLQTS). R-roscovitine is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that induces apoptosis in colorectal, breast, prostate, multiple myeloma, other cancer cell lines, and tumor xenografts, in micromolar concentrations. It is well tolerated in phase II clinical trials. R-roscovitine inhibits open hERG channels but does not become trapped in the pore. Two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type (WT) or hERG pore mutant channels (T623A, S624A, Y652A, F656A) demonstrated that compared to WT hERG, T623A, Y652A, and F656A inhibition by 200 μM R-roscovitine was ~ 48%, 29%, and 73% weaker, respectively. In contrast, S624A hERG was inhibited more potently than WT hERG, with a ~ 34% stronger inhibition. These findings were further supported by the IC50 values, which were increased for T623A, Y652A and F656A (by ~5.5, 2.75, and 42 fold respectively) and reduced 1.3 fold for the S624A mutant. Our data suggest that while T623, Y652, and F656 are critical for R-roscovitine-mediated inhibition, S624 may not be. Docking studies further support our findings. Thus, R-roscovitine’s relatively unique features, coupled with its tolerance in clinical trials, could guide future drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cernuda
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Salma Mohamed Allam
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew Orzillo
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Suppa
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zuleen Chia Chang
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Zafir Buraei
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ding Y, Zhang T, Wu G, McBride DW, Xu N, Klebe DW, Zhang Y, Li Q, Tang J, Zhang JH. Astrogliosis inhibition attenuates hydrocephalus by increasing cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption through the glymphatic system after germinal matrix hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113003. [PMID: 31260658 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) results from the rupture of the immature thin-walled blood vessels and consequent bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix and possible lateral ventricles. The purpose of this study is to investigate how astrogliosis impacts the glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption after GMH and how the anti-scarring agent olomoucine attenuates post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. GMH was induced by stereotaxic collagenase infusion into P7 Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to assess astrogliosis and how astrogliosis affects glymphatic function by measuring Aquaporin-4 expression. Intracisternal injection of fluorescence tracer was used to measure CSF diffusion throughout the brain, its dispersion in the paravascular area and CSF drainage into the deep cervical lymph nodes at 28 days after GMH. Both short-term and long-term behavioral tests were used to assess the neurological outcomes. Nissl staining was used to assess the morphological changes at 28 days after hemorrhage. GMH elicited astrogliotic scarring and reduced the exchange between CSF and interstitial fluid, as well as CSF reabsorption through the meningeal lymphatic vessels. This might be associated with redistribution of Aquaporin-4. Olomoucine ameliorated scar tissue formation and attenuated post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. These findings of this study suggested that the glymphatic system might play a role in CSF reabsorption in neonates following GMH. Scar tissue formation impairs this CSF clearance route, and therefore astrogliosis inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy for neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Guangyong Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Devin W McBride
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Damon W Klebe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America.
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13
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Orság P, Havran L, Fojt L, Coufal J, Brázda V, Fojta M. Voltammetric behavior of a candidate anticancer drug roscovitine at carbon electrodes in aqueous buffers and a cell culture medium. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Roscovitine and purvalanol A effectively reverse anthracycline resistance mediated by the activity of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3): A promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Whittaker SR, Barlow C, Martin MP, Mancusi C, Wagner S, Self A, Barrie E, Te Poele R, Sharp S, Brown N, Wilson S, Jackson W, Fischer PM, Clarke PA, Walton MI, McDonald E, Blagg J, Noble M, Garrett MD, Workman P. Molecular profiling and combinatorial activity of CCT068127: a potent CDK2 and CDK9 inhibitor. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:287-304. [PMID: 29063678 PMCID: PMC5830651 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancer types. Consequently, CDKs have garnered intense interest as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. We describe herein the molecular and cellular effects of CCT068127, a novel inhibitor of CDK2 and CDK9. Optimized from the purine template of seliciclib, CCT068127 exhibits greater potency and selectivity against purified CDK2 and CDK9 and superior antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer and melanoma cell lines. X-ray crystallography studies reveal that hydrogen bonding with the DFG motif of CDK2 is the likely mechanism of greater enzymatic potency. Commensurate with inhibition of CDK activity, CCT068127 treatment results in decreased retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation, reduced phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The transcriptional signature of CCT068127 shows greatest similarity to other small-molecule CDK and also HDAC inhibitors. CCT068127 caused a dramatic loss in expression of DUSP6 phosphatase, alongside elevated ERK phosphorylation and activation of MAPK pathway target genes. MCL1 protein levels are rapidly decreased by CCT068127 treatment and this associates with synergistic antiproliferative activity after combined treatment with CCT068127 and ABT263, a BCL2 family inhibitor. These findings support the rational combination of this series of CDK2/9 inhibitors and BCL2 family inhibitors for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Whittaker
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Clare Barlow
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Mathew P. Martin
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneMedical SchoolNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Caterina Mancusi
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Steve Wagner
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Annette Self
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Elaine Barrie
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Robert Te Poele
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Swee Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Nathan Brown
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stuart Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Wayne Jackson
- Cyclacel Ltd.DundeeUK
- Present address:
Samuel Lister AcademyBingleyWest YorkshireBD16 1TZUK
| | - Peter M. Fischer
- Cyclacel Ltd.DundeeUK
- Present address:
School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Michael I. Walton
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Edward McDonald
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Julian Blagg
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Martin Noble
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneMedical SchoolNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Michelle D. Garrett
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NJUK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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16
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Selective inhibition reveals cyclin-dependent kinase 2 as another kinase that phosphorylates the androgen receptor at serine 81. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:354-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Noh KW, Park J, Joo EH, Lee EK, Choi EY, Kang MS. ERK2 phosphorylation of EBNA1 serine 383 residue is important for EBNA1-dependent transactivation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25507-15. [PMID: 27009860 PMCID: PMC5041921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) can cause the death of EBV infected cells. In this study, a bioinformatics tool predicted the existence of putative extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking and substrate consensus sites on EBNA1, suggesting that ERK2 could bind to and phosphorylate EBNA1. In accordance, ERK2 was found to phosphorylate EBNA1 serine 383 in a reaction suppressed by H20 (a structural congener of the ERK inhibitor), U0126 (an inhibitor of MEK kinase), and mutations at substrate (S383A) or putative ERK docking sites. Wild-type (S383) and phosphomimetic (S383D) EBNA1 demonstrated comparable transactivation function, which was suppressed by H20 or U0126. In contrast, non-phosphorylated EBNA1 mutants displayed significantly impaired transactivation activity. ERK2 knock-down by siRNA, or treatment with U0126 or H20 repressed EBNA1-dependent transactivation. Collectively, these data indicate that blocking ERK2-directed phosphorylation can suppress EBNA1-transactivation function in latent EBV-infected cells, validating ERK2 as a drug target for EBV-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Won Noh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- BioMembrane Plasticity Research Center (MPRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Kang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Samsung Medical Center and Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,BioMembrane Plasticity Research Center (MPRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Bai L, Gao C, Liu Q, Yu C, Zhang Z, Cai L, Yang B, Qian Y, Yang J, Liao X. Research progress in modern structure of platinum complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:349-382. [PMID: 28985575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the antitumor activity of cisplatin was discovered in 1967 by Rosenberg, platinum-based anticancer drugs have played an important role in chemotherapy in clinic. Nevertheless, platinum anticancer drugs also have caused severe side effects and cross drug resistance which limited their applications. Therefore, a significant amount of efforts have been devoted to developing new platinum-based anticancer agents with equal or higher antitumor activity but lower toxicity. Until now, a large number of platinum-based complexes have been prepared and extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Among them, some platinum-based complexes revealing excellent anticancer activity showed the potential to be developed as novel type of anticancer agents. In this account, we present such platinum-based anticancer complexes which owning various types of ligands, such as, amine carrier ligands, leaving groups, reactive molecule, steric hindrance groups, non-covalently binding platinum (II) complexes, Platinum(IV) complexes and polynuclear platinum complexes. Overall, platinum-based anticancer complexes reported recently years upon modern structure are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkui Bai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Congtao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuxin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunxu Qian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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19
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Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest in the development of inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This attention initially stemmed from observations that different CDK isoforms have key roles in cancer cell proliferation through loss of regulation of the cell cycle, a hallmark feature of cancer. CDKs have now been shown to regulate other processes, particularly various aspects of transcription. The early non-selective CDK inhibitors exhibited considerable toxicity and proved to be insufficiently active in most cancers. The lack of patient selection biomarkers and an absence of understanding of the inhibitory profile required for efficacy hampered the development of these inhibitors. However, the advent of potent isoform-selective inhibitors with accompanying biomarkers has re-ignited interest. Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, is now approved for the treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Current developments in the field include the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of the transcriptional CDKs; these include tool compounds that have allowed exploration of individual CDKs as cancer targets and the determination of their potential therapeutic windows. Biomarkers that allow the selection of patients likely to respond are now being discovered. Drug resistance has emerged as a major hurdle in the clinic for most protein kinase inhibitors and resistance mechanism are beginning to be identified for CDK inhibitors. This suggests that the selective inhibitors may be best used combined with standard of care or other molecularly targeted agents now in development rather than in isolation as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Whittaker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Mallinger
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
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20
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Roscovitine Protects From Arterial Injury by Regulating the Expressions of c-Jun and p27 and Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:161-169. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Noh KW, Park J, Kang MS. Targeted disruption of EBNA1 in EBV-infected cells attenuated cell growth. BMB Rep 2017; 49:226-31. [PMID: 26879316 PMCID: PMC4915242 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) plays a pivotal in an
EBV episome replication and persistence. Despite considerable attempts, there
are no EBV drugs or vaccines. We attempted to eradicate EBV episomes by
targeting EBNA1 using the transcription activator-like effector nucleases
(TALEN) (E1TN). E1TN-mediated transient knockout (KO) of EBNA1 reduced EBNA1
expression, and caused significant loss of EBV genomes and progressive death of
EBV-infected cells. Furthermore, when a mixture of EBV-infected Burkitt’s
lymphoma (BL) cells and EBV-negative BL cells was targeted by E1TN, EBV-negative
cells were counter-selected while most EBV-infected cells died, further
substantiating that EBNA1 KO caused selective death of EBV-infected cells.
TALEN-mediated transient targeting of EBNA1 attenuated the growth of
EBV-infected cells, implicating a possible therapeutic application of E1TN for
EBV-associated disorders. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(4): 226-231]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Won Noh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Kang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351; BioMembrane Plasticity Research Center (MPRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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22
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Vella S, Tavanti E, Hattinger CM, Fanelli M, Versteeg R, Koster J, Picci P, Serra M. Targeting CDKs with Roscovitine Increases Sensitivity to DNA Damaging Drugs of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166233. [PMID: 27898692 PMCID: PMC5127503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been reported to be essential for cell proliferation in several human tumours and it has been suggested as an appropriate target to be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of treatment regimens based on the use of DNA damaging drugs. We evaluated the clinical impact of CDK2 overexpression on a series of 21 high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) samples profiled by using cDNA microarrays. We also assessed the in vitro efficacy of the CDKs inhibitor roscovitine in a panel of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant human OS cell lines. OS tumour samples showed an inherent overexpression of CDK2, and high expression levels at diagnosis of this kinase appeared to negatively impact on clinical outcome. CDK2 expression also proved to be relevant for in vitro OS cells growth. These findings indicated CDK2 as a promising candidate therapeutic marker for OS and therefore we assessed the efficacy of the CDKs-inhibitor roscovitine in both drug-sensitive and -resistant OS cell lines. All cell lines resulted to be responsive to roscovitine, which was also able to increase the activity of cisplatin and doxorubicin, the two most active DNA damaging drugs used in OS chemotherapy. Our results indicated that combined treatment with conventional OS chemotherapeutic drugs and roscovitine may represent a new candidate intervention approach, which may be considered to enhance tumour cell sensitivity to DNA damaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | | | - Marilù Fanelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
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Law V, Dong S, Rosales JL, Jeong MY, Zochodne D, Lee KY. Enhancement of Peripheral Nerve Regrowth by the Purine Nucleoside Analog and Cell Cycle Inhibitor, Roscovitine. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:238. [PMID: 27799897 PMCID: PMC5066473 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration is a slow process that can be associated with limited outcomes and thus a search for novel and effective therapy for peripheral nerve injury and disease is crucial. Here, we found that roscovitine, a synthetic purine nucleoside analog, enhances neurite outgrowth in neuronal-like PC12 cells. Furthermore, ex vivo analysis of pre-injured adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons showed that roscovitine enhances neurite regrowth in these cells. Likewise, in vivo transected sciatic nerves in rats locally perfused with roscovitine had augmented repopulation of new myelinated axons beyond the transection zone. By mass spectrometry, we found that roscovitine interacts with tubulin and actin. It interacts directly with tubulin and causes a dose-dependent induction of tubulin polymerization as well as enhances Guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent tubulin polymerization. Conversely, roscovitine interacts indirectly with actin and counteracts the inhibitory effect of cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) on Actin-Related Proteins 2/3 (Arp2/3)-dependent actin polymerization, and thus, causes actin polymerization. Moreover, in the presence of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), roscovitine-enhanced neurite outgrowth is mediated by increased activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Since microtubule and F-actin dynamics are critical for axonal regrowth, the ability of roscovitine to activate the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways and support polymerization of tubulin and actin indicate a major role for this purine nucleoside analog in the promotion of axonal regeneration. Together, our findings demonstrate a therapeutic potential for the purine nucleoside analog, roscovitine, in peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Law
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophie Dong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jesusa L Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Myung-Yung Jeong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University Pusan, South Korea
| | - Douglas Zochodne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Tsou YC, Wang HH, Hsieh CC, Sun KH, Sun GH, Jhou RS, Lin TI, Lu SY, Liu HY, Tang SJ. Down-regulation of BNIP3 by olomoucine, a CDK inhibitor, reduces LPS- and NO-induced cell death in BV2 microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:186-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A, Stankunas E, Levy J, Meskinyte I, Stankevicius V, Kaupinis A, Valius M. Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207228 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine [CY-202, (R)-Roscovitine, Seliciclib] is a small molecule that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through direct competition at the ATP-binding site. It is a broad-range purine inhibitor, which inhibits CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7, but is a poor inhibitor for CDK4 and CDK6. Roscovitine is widely used as a biological tool in cell cycle, cancer, apoptosis and neurobiology studies. Moreover, it is currently evaluated as a potential drug to treat cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, viral infections, polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. This review focuses on the use of roscovitine in the disease model as well as clinical model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karthik Kalyan
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Sorokinas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Stankunas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Josh Levy
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Yin X, Qi Y, Ren M, Wang S, Jiang H, Feng H, Cui S. Roscovitine treatment caused impairment of fertilizing ability in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:200-9. [PMID: 26101799 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the adverse effect of roscovitine on reproductive system of male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male hSOD1(G93A) transgenetic mice received roscovitine 72 nmol/day (d) for 4 weeks (w), with normal control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated animals served as controls (n=4). Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with roscovitine at either 72 nmol/d or 144 nmol/d for 4 w or 8 w, and normal control and DMSO treated mice served as controls. Fertility of male mice, sperm quality parameters, histological and related pathological changes of seminiferous tubules associated with roscovitine treatment were evaluated. RESULTS In male hSOD1(G93A) transgenetic mice treated with 72 nmol/d roscovitine for 4 w and C57BL/6 male mice treated with 72 nmol/d roscovitine for 8w and 144 nmol/d roscovitine for 4 w and 8 w, sperm counts and sperm motility rates decreased and sperm abnormality rates increased, and damage of seminiferous tubules were detected. Roscovitine treatment induced inhibition of CDK5 activities and decrease of BrdU-positive tubuler cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that roscovitine treatment induced interference of male reproductive system and caused impairment of fertilizing ability. Reproductive system of ALS male mice was more susceptible to roscovitine induced impaired fertilizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Calderón-Arancibia J, Espinosa-Bustos C, Cañete-Molina Á, Tapia RA, Faúndez M, Torres MJ, Aguirre A, Paulino M, Salas CO. Synthesis and pharmacophore modelling of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives and their potential role as apoptosis-inducing agents in cancer cell lines. Molecules 2015; 20:6808-26. [PMID: 25884555 PMCID: PMC6272238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives have been synthesized and investigated for their potential role as antitumor agents. Twelve compounds were obtained by a three step synthetic procedure using microwave irradiation in a pivotal step. All compounds were evaluated in vitro to determine their potential effect on cell toxicity by the MTT method and flow cytometry analysis on four cancer cells lines and Vero cells. Three out of twelve compounds were found to be promising agents compared to a known and effective anticancer drug, etoposide, in three out of four cancer cell lines assayed with considerable selectivity. Preliminary flow cytometry data suggests that compounds mentioned above induce apoptosis on these cells. The main structural requirements for their activity for each cancer cell line were characterized with a preliminary pharmacophore model, which identified aromatic centers, hydrogen acceptor/donor center and a hydrophobic area. These features were consistent with the cytotoxic activity of the assayed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Calderón-Arancibia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Álvaro Cañete-Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Ricardo A Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Adam Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Margot Paulino
- Centro de Bioinformática Estructural-DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, C.C. 1157 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Khalil HS, Mitev V, Vlaykova T, Cavicchi L, Zhelev N. Discovery and development of Seliciclib. How systems biology approaches can lead to better drug performance. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:40-9. [PMID: 25747275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seliciclib (R-Roscovitine) was identified as an inhibitor of CDKs and has undergone drug development and clinical testing as an anticancer agent. In this review, the authors describe the discovery of Seliciclib and give a brief summary of the biology of the CDKs Seliciclib inhibits. An overview of the published in vitro and in vivo work supporting the development as an anti-cancer agent, from in vitro experiments to animal model studies ending with a summary of the clinical trial results and trials underway is presented. In addition some potential non-oncology applications are explored and the potential mode of action of Seliciclib in these areas is described. Finally the authors argue that optimisation of the therapeutic effects of kinase inhibitors such as Seliciclib could be enhanced using a systems biology approach involving mathematical modelling of the molecular pathways regulating cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Cavicchi
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK.
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Ho HP, Rathod P, Louis M, Tada CK, Rahaman S, Mark KJ, Leng J, Dana D, Kumar S, Lichterfeld M, Chang EJ. Studies on quantitative phosphopeptide analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry without label, chromatography or calibration curves. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2681-9. [PMID: 25380489 PMCID: PMC4225566 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry combined with isotope labeling methods are effective for protein and peptide quantification, but limited in their multiplexing capacity, cost-effectiveness and dynamic range. This study investigates MALDI-MS-based quantification of peptide phosphorylation without labeling, and aims to overcome the shot-to-shot variability of MALDI using a mathematical transformation and extended data acquisition times. METHODS A linear relationship between the reciprocal of phosphopeptide mole fraction and the reciprocal of phosphorylated-to-unphosphorylated signal ratio is derived, and evaluated experimentally using three separate phosphopeptide systems containing phosphorylated serine, threonine and tyrosine residues: mixtures of phosphopeptide and its des-phospho-analog with known stoichiometry measured by vacuum MALDI-linear ion trap mass spectrometry and fit to the linear model. The model is validated for quantifying in vitro phosphorylation assays with inhibition studies on Cdk2/cyclinA. RESULTS Dynamic range of picomoles to femtomoles, good accuracy (deviations of 1.5-3.0% from expected values) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.3-6.3%) are achieved. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation by the classical inhibitors olomoucine and r-roscovitine was evaluated and IC50 values found to be in agreement with reported literature values. These results, achieved with single-point calibration, without isotope or chromatography, compare favorably to those arrived at using isotope dilution (p > 0.5 for accuracy). CONCLUSIONS The mathematical relationship derived here can be applied to a method that we term Double Reciprocal Isotope-free Phosphopeptide Quantification (DRIP-Q), as a strategy for quantification of in vitro phosphorylation assays, the first MALDI-based, isotope- and calibration curve-free method of its type. These results also pave the way for further systematic studies investigating the effect of peptide composition and experimental conditions on quantitative, label-free MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Pratikkumar Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Louis
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Christine K. Tada
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Sherida Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J. Mark
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, The City University of New York, Long Island City, NY, USA
| | - Jin Leng
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dibyendu Dana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY USA
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Address reprint requests to Emmanuel Chang; York College, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11451, 718-262-3778 (phone), 718-262-2652 (fax),
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Zhang SS, Wang W, Zhao CQ, Xie MJ, Li WY, Yang XL, Lv JG. Inhibitory effects of roscovitine on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:791-795. [PMID: 25480571 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cause of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Intervention proliferation and migration of VSMCs is an important strategy for antirestenotic therapy. Roscovitine, a second-generation cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, can inhibit cell cycle of multiple cell types. We studied the effects of roscovitine on cell cycle distribution, proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro by flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation and wound healing assay, respectively. Our results showed that roscovitine increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells after 12 h (69.57±3.65 vs. 92.50±1.68, P=0.000), 24 h (80.87±2.24 vs. 90.25±0.79, P=0.000) and 48 h (88.08±3.86 vs. 88.87±2.43, P=0.427) as compared with control group. Roscovitine inhibited proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent way. With the increase of concentration, roscovitine showed increased capacity for growth and migration inhibition. Roscovitine (30 μmol/L) led to an almost complete VSMCs growth and migration arrest. Combined with its low toxicity and selective inhibition to ISR-VSMCs, roscovitine may be a potential drug in the treatment of vascular stenosis diseases and particularly useful in the prevention and treatment of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chong-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min-Jie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Yu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Gao Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Small molecule inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 DNA binding activity interferes with replication and persistence of the viral genome. Antiviral Res 2014; 104:73-83. [PMID: 24486954 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The replication and persistence of extra chromosomal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episome in latently infected cells are primarily dependent on the binding of EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) to the cognate EBV oriP element. In continuation of the previous study, herein we characterized EBNA1 small molecule inhibitors (H20, H31) and their underlying inhibitory mechanisms. In silico docking analyses predicted that H20 fits into a pocket in the EBNA1 DNA binding domain (DBD). However, H20 did not significantly affect EBNA1 binding to its cognate sequence. A limited structure-relationship study of H20 identified a hydrophobic compound H31, as an EBNA1 inhibitor. An in vitro EBNA1 EMSA and in vivo EGFP-EBNA1 confocal microscopy analysis showed that H31 inhibited EBNA1-dependent oriP sequence-specific DNA binding activity, but not sequence-nonspecific chromosomal association. Consistent with this, H31 repressed the EBNA1-dependent transcription, replication, and persistence of an EBV oriP plasmid. Furthermore, H31 induced progressive loss of EBV episome. In addition, H31 selectively retarded the growth of EBV-infected LCL or Burkitt's lymphoma cells. These data indicate that H31 inhibition of EBNA1-dependent DNA binding decreases transcription from and persistence of EBV episome in EBV-infected cells. These new compounds might be useful probes for dissecting EBNA1 functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Alexander A, Keyomarsi K. Exploiting Cell Cycle Pathways in Cancer Therapy: New (and Old) Targets and Potential Strategies. NUCLEAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TARGETING TRANSCRIPTION IN CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8039-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor -CR8- in mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:50. [PMID: 24079553 PMCID: PMC3849647 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CR8 is a second generation inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases derived from roscovitine. CR8 was shown to be 50-100 fold more potent than roscovitine in inducing apoptosis in different tumor cell lines. In the present investigation, we have established an analytical method for the quantification of CR8 in biological samples and evaluated its bioavailability, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in mice. METHODS A liquid chromatography method utilizing UV-detection was used for the determination of CR8. CR8 was administered either orally (100 mg/kg) or i.v. (50 mg/kg) and the animals were sacrificed at different time points. Blood samples and organs were collected, after which the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for plasma and organs. RESULTS CR8 was eluted at 5 minutes in the high performance liquid chromatography system used. The LLOQ detection was 0.10 μg/ml and linearity was observed within the 0.10-10 μg/ml range (r² > 0.998). The accuracy and precision were >86%, while the recovery from plasma was >95%. CR8 was stable for 2 months at room temperature in both solution and plasma. CR8 pharmacokinetics was fitted to a two-compartment open model after oral administration and to a one compartment model after i.v. injection. The elimination half-life was about 3 hours. Organ exposure to CR8 (expressed as % AUC organ vs. AUC plasma) was highest in liver (205%), adipose tissue (188%) and kidney (150%) and low in bone marrow (30%) and brain (15%) as compared to plasma. The oral bioavailability of CR8 was found to be essentially 100%. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a rapid and simple method for the analysis of CR8. CR8 pharmacokinetics pattern showed 100% bioavailability, long half-life and limited distribution to brain and bone marrow, which may allow systemic exposure higher than the IC₅₀ reported for cell death in tumor cell lines. CR8 displays favorable pharmacological properties and is therefore a good candidate for future clinical studies.
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Haider C, Grubinger M, Řezníčková E, Weiss TS, Rotheneder H, Miklos W, Berger W, Jorda R, Zatloukal M, Gucky T, Strnad M, Kryštof V, Mikulits W. Novel inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases combat hepatocellular carcinoma without inducing chemoresistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1947-57. [PMID: 23939380 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma using chemotherapeutics at intermediate and advanced stages of disease are limited as patients most rapidly escape from therapy and succumb to disease progression. Mechanisms of the hepatic xenobiotic metabolism are mostly involved in providing chemoresistance to therapeutic compounds. Given the fact that the aberrant activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinomas, we focused on the efficacy of the novel compounds BA-12 and BP-14 that antagonize CDK1/2/5/7 and CDK9. Inhibition of those CDKs in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines reduced the clonogenicity by arresting cells in S-G2 and G2-M phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. In contrast, primary human hepatocytes failed to show cytotoxicity and apoptosis. No loss of chemosensitivity was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells after long-term exposure to inhibitors. In vivo, treatment of xenografted human hepatocellular carcinomas with BA-12 or BP-14 effectively repressed tumor formation. Moreover, BA-12 or BP-14 significantly diminished diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatoma development in mice. These data show that BA-12 or BP-14 exhibit strong antitumorigenic effects in the absence of chemoresistance, resulting in a superior efficacy compared with currently used chemotherapeutics in hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Haider
- Corresponding Author: Wolfgang Mikulits, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Abstract
The cell cycle of eukaryotic cells varies greatly from species to species and tissue to tissue. Since an erroneous control of the cell cycle can have disastrous consequences for cellular life, there are genetically programmed signals, so-called cell cycle checkpoints, which ensure that all events of each stage are completed before beginning the next phase. Among the numerous molecules involved in this process, the most important are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), proteins that are activated only when bound to cyclins (regulatory proteins with fluctuating concentrations). In general, more CDKs are overexpressed in cancer cells than in normal cells, which explains why cancer cells divide uncontrollably. Succeeding in modulating CDK activity with pharmacological agents could result in decreasing the abnormal proliferation rate of cancer cells. This review offers an overview of CDK-cyclin complexes in relation to different cell cycle phases, an analysis of CDK activation and inhibition of molecular mechanisms, and an extensive report, including clinical trials, regarding four new drugs acting as CDK modulators: alvocidib, P276-00, SNS-032 and seliciclib.
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Abstract
The cell cycle of eukaryotic cells varies greatly from species to species and tissue to tissue. Since an erroneous control of the cell cycle can have disastrous consequences for cellular life, there are genetically programmed signals, so-called cell cycle checkpoints, which ensure that all events of each stage are completed before beginning the next phase. Among the numerous molecules involved in this process, the most important are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), proteins that are activated only when bound to cyclins (regulatory proteins with fluctuating concentrations). In general, more CDKs are overexpressed in cancer cells than in normal cells, which explains why cancer cells divide uncontrollably. Succeeding in modulating CDK activity with pharmacological agents could result in decreasing the abnormal proliferation rate of cancer cells. This review offers an overview of CDK-cyclin complexes in relation to different cell cycle phases, an analysis of CDK activation and inhibition of molecular mechanisms, and an extensive report, including clinical trials, regarding four new drugs acting as CDK modulators: alvocidib, P276-00, SNS-032 and seliciclib.
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Yap TA, Molife LR, Blagden SP, de Bono S. Targeting cell cycle kinases and kinesins in anticancer drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 2:539-60. [PMID: 23484760 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is regulated by kinases such as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and non-CDKs, which include Aurora and polo-like kinases, as well as checkpoint proteins. Mitotic kinesins are involved in the establishment of the mitotic spindle formation and function, and also play a role in cell cycle control. The disruption of the cell cycle is a hallmark of malignancy. Genetic or epigenetic events result in the upregulation of these kinases and mitotic kinesins in a myriad of tumour types, suggesting that their inhibition could result in preferential targeting of malignant cells. Such findings make the development of these inhibitors a rational and attractive new area for cancer therapeutics. Although challenges of potency and non-specificity have hampered their progress through the clinic, several novel compounds are presently in various phases of clinical trial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK.
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Cheng PH, Rao XM, McMasters KM, Zhou HS. Molecular basis for viral selective replication in cancer cells: activation of CDK2 by adenovirus-induced cyclin E. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57340. [PMID: 23437375 PMCID: PMC3577715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) with deletion of E1b55K preferentially replicate in cancer cells and have been used in cancer therapies. We have previously shown that Ad E1B55K protein is involved in induction of cyclin E for Ad replication, but this E1B55K function is not required in cancer cells in which deregulation of cyclin E is frequently observed. In this study, we investigated the interaction of cyclin E and CDK2 in Ad-infected cells. Ad infection significantly increased the large form of cyclin E (cyclin EL), promoted cyclin E/CDK2 complex formation and increased CDK2 phosphorylation at the T160 site. Activated CDK2 caused pRb phosphorylation at the S612 site. Repression of CDK2 activity with the chemical inhibitor roscovitine or with specific small interfering RNAs significantly decreased pRb phosphorylation, with concomitant repression of viral replication. Our results suggest that Ad-induced cyclin E activates CDK2 that targets the transcriptional repressor pRb to generate a cellular environment for viral productive replication. This study reveals a new molecular basis for oncolytic replication of E1b-deleted Ads and will aid in the development of new strategies for Ad oncolytic virotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Mei Rao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. McMasters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Heshan Sam Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1–induced cell death in neuroblastoma cells through the microRNA-34a–MYCN–survivin pathway. Surgery 2013; 153:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martin KL, Hill GA, Klein RR, Arnett DG, Burd R, Limesand KH. Prevention of radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction utilizing a CDK inhibitor in a mouse model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51363. [PMID: 23236487 PMCID: PMC3517508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of head and neck cancer with radiation often results in damage to surrounding normal tissues such as salivary glands. Permanent loss of function in the salivary glands often leads patients to discontinue treatment due to incapacitating side effects. It has previously been shown that IGF-1 suppresses radiation-induced apoptosis and enhances G2/M arrest leading to preservation of salivary gland function. In an effort to recapitulate the effects of IGF-1, as well as increase the likelihood of translating these findings to the clinic, the small molecule therapeutic Roscovitine, is being tested. Roscovitine is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that acts to transiently inhibit cell cycle progression and allow for DNA repair in damaged tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Treatment with Roscovitine prior to irradiation induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G(2)/M phase, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. In contrast, mice treated with radiation exhibit no differences in the percentage of cells in G(2)/M when compared to unirradiated controls. Similar to previous studies utilizing IGF-1, pretreatment with Roscovitine leads to a significant up-regulation of p21 expression and a significant decrease in the number of PCNA positive cells. Radiation treatment leads to a significant increase in activated caspase-3 positive salivary acinar cells, which is suppressed by pretreatment with Roscovitine. Administration of Roscovitine prior to targeted head and neck irradiation preserves normal tissue function in mouse parotid salivary glands, both acutely and chronically, as measured by salivary output. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These studies suggest that induction of transient G(2)/M cell cycle arrest by Roscovitine allows for suppression of apoptosis, thus preserving normal salivary function following targeted head and neck irradiation. This could have an important clinical impact by preventing the negative side effects of radiation therapy in surrounding normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Martin
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Grace A. Hill
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rob R. Klein
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Deborah G. Arnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Randy Burd
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sarker D, Pacey S, Workman P. Use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biomarkers to support rational cancer drug development. Biomark Med 2012; 1:399-417. [PMID: 20477383 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of drug development in oncology has struggled to alter at a pace in keeping with the rapid discovery and testing of agents that act on a wide variety of molecular targets. The rational development of such agents requires an understanding of drug effect(s) on their purported target. It is likely that testing these drugs in a framework designed to examine cytotoxic agents will fail to establish their full potential. We discuss how data gained from biomarker investigation might impact on drug development and provide examples that highlight the development, validation and use of pharmacokinetic, and especially pharmacodynamic biomarkers as drug development moves from the laboratory into clinical testing. The challenges of performing assays to satisfy regulatory requirements have been the subject of much debate. We recommend the implementation of appropriate, fit-for-purpose biomarkers in clinical trials of all new cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Sarker
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua L, Beider K, Shimoni A, Ostrovsky O, Samookh M, Peled A, Nagler A. Characterization of cyclin E expression in multiple myeloma and its functional role in seliciclib-induced apoptotic cell death. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33856. [PMID: 22558078 PMCID: PMC3338814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a lymphatic neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cell that eventually develops resistance to chemotherapy. Drug resistance, differentiation block and increased survival of the MM tumor cells result from high genomic instability. Chromosomal translocations, the most common genomic alterations in MM, lead to dysregulation of cyclin D, a regulatory protein that governs the activation of key cell cycle regulator – cyclin dependent kinase (CDK). Genomic instability was reported to be affected by over expression of another CDK regulator - cyclin E (CCNE). This occurs early in tumorigenesis in various lymphatic malignancies including CLL, NHL and HL. We therefore sought to investigate the role of cyclin E in MM. CCNE1 expression was found to be heterogeneous in various MM cell lines (hMMCLs). Incubation of hMMCLs with seliciclib, a selective CDK-inhibitor, results in apoptosis which is accompanied by down regulation of MCL1 and p27. Ectopic over expression of CCNE1 resulted in reduced sensitivity of the MM tumor cells in comparison to the paternal cell line, whereas CCNE1 silencing with siRNA increased the cell sensitivity to seliciclib. Adhesion to FN of hMMCLs was prevented by seliciclib, eliminating adhesion–mediated drug resistance of MM cells. Combination of seliciclib with flavopiridol effectively reduced CCNE1 and CCND1 protein levels, increased subG1 apoptotic fraction and promoted MM cell death in BMSCs co-culture conditions, therefore over-coming stroma-mediated protection. We suggest that seliciclib may be considered as essential component of modern anti MM drug combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Katia Beider
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avichai Shimoni
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Olga Ostrovsky
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Samookh
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- * E-mail:
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The impact of CDK inhibition in human malignancies associated with pronounced defects in apoptosis: advantages of multi-targeting small molecules. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:395-424. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related diseases are heterogeneous and consist primarily of long-lived resting cells in the periphery and a minor subset of dividing cells in proliferating centers. Both cell populations have different molecular signatures that play a major role in determining their sensitivity to therapy. Contemporary approaches to treating CLL are heavily reliant on cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. However, none of the current treatment regimens can be considered curative. Pharmacological CDK inhibitors have extended the repertoire of potential drugs for CLL. Multi-targeted CDK inhibitors affect CDKs involved in regulating both cell cycle progression and transcription. Their interference with transcriptional elongation represses anti-apoptotic proteins and, thus, promotes the induction of apoptosis. Importantly, there is evidence that treatment with CDK inhibitors can overcome resistance to therapy. The pharmacological CDK inhibitors have great potential for use in combination with other therapeutics and represent promising tools for the development of new curative treatments for CLL.
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Liskova B, Zerzankova L, Novakova O, Kostrhunova H, Travnicek Z, Brabec V. Cellular Response to Antitumor cis-Dichlorido Platinum(II) Complexes of CDK Inhibitor Bohemine and Its Analogues. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:500-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200525n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Liskova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zerzankova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Travnicek
- Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu
12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Xia M, Chen TT, Shan BS, Wei CL. Crystal structures and spectroscopic analyses of two Co(II) N 6-benzylaminopurine supramolecules. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.653351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-dimensional Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , P.R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Chen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-dimensional Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , P.R. China
| | - Bu-Shun Shan
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-dimensional Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Wei
- b Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jilin Police College , Changchun 130117 , P.R. China
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Węsierska-Gądek J, Kramer MP. The impact of multi-targeted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in breast cancer cells: clinical implications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1611-28. [PMID: 22017180 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.628985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progression of the mammalian cell cycle is driven by the transient activation of complexes consisting of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Loss of control over the cell cycle results in accelerated cell division and malignant transformation and can be caused by the upregulation of cyclins, the aberrant activation of CDKs or the inactivation of cellular CDK inhibitors. For these reasons, cell cycle regulators are regarded as very promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of human malignancies. AREAS COVERED This review covers the structures and anti-breast cancer activity of selected pharmacological pan-specific CDK inhibitors. Multi-targeted CDK inhibitors affect CDKs involved in the regulation of both cell cycle progression and transcriptional control. The inhibition of CDK7/CDK9 has a serious impact on the activity of RNA polymerase II; when its carboxy-terminal domain is unphosphorylated, it is unable to recruit the cofactors required for transcriptional elongation, resulting in a global transcriptional block. Multi-targeted inhibition of CDKs represses anti-apoptotic proteins and thus promotes the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of CDK7 in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells prevents activating phosphorylation of ER-α. EXPERT OPINION These diverse modes of action make multi-targeted CDK inhibitors promising drugs for the treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Węsierska-Gądek
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Wilson SC, Atrash B, Barlow C, Eccles S, Fischer PM, Hayes A, Kelland L, Jackson W, Jarman M, Mirza A, Moreno J, Nutley BP, Raynaud FI, Sheldrake P, Walton M, Westwood R, Whittaker S, Workman P, McDonald E. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-pyridylmethylaminopurines as CDK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6949-65. [PMID: 21982796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor seliciclib (1, CYC202) is in phase II clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Here we describe the synthesis of novel purines with greater solubility, lower metabolic clearance, and enhanced potency versus CDKs. These compounds exhibit novel selectivity profiles versus CDK isoforms. Compound αSβR-21 inhibits CDK2/cyclin E with IC(50)=30 nM, CDK7-cyclin H with IC(50)=1.3 μM, and CDK9-cyclinT with IC(50)=0.11 μM; it (CCT68127) inhibits growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells in vitro with GI(50)=0.7 μM; and shows antitumour activity when dosed p.o. at 50mg/kg to mice bearing HCT116 solid human tumour xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Sheryanna AM, Smith J, Bhangal G, Barnett A, McClue S, Tam FWK, Cook T, Pusey CD. Treatment with a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, seliciclib, is effective in reducing glomerular macrophage numbers and the severity of established experimental glomerulonephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 16:410-6. [PMID: 21518118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, seliciclib (R-roscovitine, CYC202), has anti-proliferative activity through its inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. We hypothesized that treatment with seliciclib would reduce glomerular macrophage numbers and glomerular crescent formation in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis even when treatment is started after onset of disease. METHOD Nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) was induced in Wistar Kyoto rats. In experiment 1, seliciclib (150 mg/kg per day) was given by oral gavage from 1 h before induction of NTN and continued to day 14. In experiment 2, treatment was started on day 4 of NTN and continued to day 14 in order to examine the effect of seliciclib in established glomerulonephritis. RESULTS In experiment 1, seliciclib reduced proteinuria (119.5 ± 13.9 vs 191.4 ± 18.8 mg/day, P < 0.01), serum creatinine (54.0 ± 3.0 vs 81.0 ± 2.5 µmol/L, P < 0.005) and glomerular crescent score (23.9 ± 2.1 vs 44.6 ± 2.2, P < 0.005) in comparison with controls. In experiment 2, seliciclib ameliorated established glomerulonephritis, with reduction in proteinuria (58 ± 16 vs 165 ± 13 mg/day, P < 0.005), serum creatinine (39 ± 3 vs 62 ± 5 µmol/L, P < 0.05), glomerular macrophage numbers (6.8 ± 2.5 vs 18.5 ± 1.2 ED1+ cells per glomerular cross section, P < 0.05), glomerular cell proliferation (1.2 ± 0.37 vs 4.2 ± 0.80 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)+ cells per glomerular section, P < 0.05) and crescent score (10.8 ± 1.6 vs 43.9 ± 1.4, P < 0.05), in comparison with the controls. CONCLUSION Seliciclib is effective in both prevention and treatment of established crescentic glomerulonephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats, in association with a reduction in the number of glomerular macrophages. We suggest that seliciclib, or other cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, may represent a novel therapeutic approach for patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmunem M Sheryanna
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Čajan M, Trávníček Z. Structural (X-ray), spectral (FT-IR and Raman) and quantum chemical investigations of a series of 6-benzylaminopurine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jorda R, Havlíček L, McNae IW, Walkinshaw MD, Voller J, Šturc A, Navrátilová J, Kuzma M, Mistrík M, Bártek J, Strnad M, Kryštof V. Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine Bioisostere of Roscovitine: Evaluation of a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases with Antiproliferative Activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2980-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200064p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iain W. McNae
- Structural Biochemistry Group, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, Scotland
| | - Malcolm D. Walkinshaw
- Structural Biochemistry Group, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, Scotland
| | - Jiří Voller
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Department of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Šturc
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Navrátilová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrík
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bártek
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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